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Li X, Liu L, Chu J, Wei G, Li J, Sun X, Fan H. Functional characterization of terpene synthases SmTPS1 involved in floral scent formation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytochemistry 2024; 221:114045. [PMID: 38460781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants attract beneficial insects and promote pollination by releasing floral scents. Salvia miltiorrhiza, as an insect-pollinated flowering plant, which has been less studied for its floral aroma substances. This study revealed that S. miltiorrhiza flowers produce various volatile terpenoids, including five monoterpenes and ten sesquiterpenes, with the sesquiterpene compound (E)-β-caryophyllene being the most abundant, accounting for 28.1% of the total volatile terpenoids. Y-tube olfactometer experiments were conducted on the primary pollinator of S. miltiorrhiza, the Apis ceranas. The results indicated that (E)-β-caryophyllene compound had an attractive effect on the Apis ceranas. By comparing the homologous sequences with the genes of (E)-β-caryophyllene terpene synthases in other plants, the SmTPS1 gene was selected for further experiment. Subcellular localization experiments showed SmTPS1 localized in the cytoplasm, and its in vitro enzyme assay revealed that it could catalyze FPP into β-Elemene, (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-Humulene. Overexpression of SmTPS1 in S. miltiorrhiza resulted in a 5.29-fold increase in gene expression. The GC-MS analysis revealed a significant increase in the concentration of (E)-β-caryophyllene in the transgenic plants, with levels 2.47-fold higher compared to the empty vector plants. Furthermore, Y-tube olfactometer experiments showed that the transgenic plants were significantly more attractive to Apis ceranas compared to the empty vector plants. Co-expression analysis suggested that four SmMYCs (SmMYC1, SmMYC5, SmMYC10, and SmMYC11) may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of SmTPS1. The yeast one-hybrid screen and the Dual luciferase assay indicated that SmMYC10 positively regulates the expression of SmTPS1. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for the functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase genes in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Maccioni A, Macis S, Gibernau M, Farris E. Phytochemical diversity within and among Sardinian populations of the endemic Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) is determined by ecological factors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17728. [PMID: 37539184 PMCID: PMC10395143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild aromatic plants present high intra- and inter-population chemical polymorphisms which are of great ecological and economic interest; however, the factors influencing the phytochemical diversity of aromatic plants remain still unexplored for many species. Here, Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) has been studied, a plant endemic to the western Mediterranean islands, very well-known from the phytochemical point of view but scarcely investigated regarding the ecological factors that influence its phytochemical diversity within and among populations. The specific aims were to: 1) define the chemical composition variability of its essential oils; 2) determine its inter- and intra-population chemical variability; and 3) evaluate whether the elevation, climatic factors and/or the soil substrate determined the phytochemical variability of T. marum along a gradient from coastal to mountain wild populations on the island of Sardinia (Italy). Fresh T. marum aerial parts were randomly collected from ten individuals in six different localities in Sardinia: three coastal and three mountainous. Dried leaf samples were hydrodistillated using a classical Clevenger apparatus to obtain the corresponding essential oils. The composition of each essential oil was chemically characterised and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Ninety compounds were identified: among the others, the two compounds that mainly characterised the essential oils of the studied populations, dolichodial and (E)-β-caryophyllene, are of great economic interest. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in phytochemical essential oil composition among and within the studied populations, which clustered following a geographical pattern rather than a simple climatic or edaphic grouping. Taken together the results here shown shed light on the environmental and geographical conditions that determine the chemical variability of essential oils in T. marum, highlighting a clear coastal vs mountain clustering, which has an ecological and economic relevance, especially for the potential utilization of dolichodial as an environmental-friendly insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Maccioni
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Silvia Macis
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Marc Gibernau
- Laboratory of Sciences for the Environment (UMR 6134), CNRS – University of Corsica, Vignola – Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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3
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Chang X, Wang F, Fang Q, Chen F, Yao H, Gatehouse AMR, Ye G. Virus-induced plant volatiles mediate the olfactory behaviour of its insect vectors. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2700-2715. [PMID: 33866575 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses can manipulate their hosts to release odours that are attractive or repellent to their insect vectors. However, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), either individually or as mixtures, which play a key role in the olfactory behaviour of insect vectors remains largely unknown. Our study focused on green rice leafhoppers (GRLHs) vectoring rice dwarf virus (RDV) revealed that RDV infection significantly induced the emission of (E)-β-caryophyllene and 2-heptanol by rice plants, which influenced the olfactory behaviour of both non-viruliferous and viruliferous GRLHs. (E)-β-caryophyllene attracted non-viruliferous GRLHs to settle on RDV-infected plants, but neither attracted nor repelled viruliferous GRLHs. In contrast, 2-heptanol repelled viruliferous GRLHs to settle on RDV-infected plants, but neither repelled nor attracted non-viruliferous GRLHs. Suppression of (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase OsCAS via CRISPR-Cas9 to generate oscas-1 plants enabled us to confirm the important role played by (E)-β-caryophyllene in modulating the virus-vector-host plant interaction. These novel results reveal the role of these virus-induced VOCs in modulating the behaviour of its GRLH insect vector and may facilitate the design of new strategies for disease control through manipulation of plant volatile emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Angharad M R Gatehouse
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Scandiffio R, Geddo F, Cottone E, Querio G, Antoniotti S, Gallo MP, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Protective Effects of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113273. [PMID: 33114564 PMCID: PMC7692661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Chiriboga M X, Guo H, Campos-Herrera R, Röder G, Imperiali N, Keel C, Maurhofer M, Turlings TCJ. Root-colonizing bacteria enhance the levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene produced by maize roots in response to rootworm feeding. Oecologia 2018; 187:459-468. [PMID: 29423754 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When larvae of rootworms feed on maize roots they induce the emission of the sesquiterpene (E)-β-caryophyllene (EβC). EβC is attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes, which parasitize and rapidly kill the larvae, thereby protecting the roots from further damage. Certain root-colonizing bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas also benefit plants by promoting growth, suppressing pathogens or inducing systemic resistance (ISR), and some strains also have insecticidal activity. It remains unknown how these bacteria influence the emissions of root volatiles. In this study, we evaluated how colonization by the growth-promoting and insecticidal bacteria Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 affects the production of EβC upon feeding by larvae of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Using chemical analysis and gene expression measurements, we found that EβC production and the expression of the EβC synthase gene (tps23) were enhanced in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0-colonized roots after 72 h of D. balteata feeding. Undamaged roots colonized by Pseudomonas spp. showed no measurable increase in EβC production, but a slight increase in tps23 expression. Pseudomonas colonization did not affect root biomass, but larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. protegens CHA0 tended to gain more weight than larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. chlororaphis PCL1391. Larvae mortality on Pseudomonas spp. colonized roots was slightly, but not significantly higher than on non-colonized control roots. The observed enhanced production of EβC upon Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 colonization may enhance the roots' attractiveness to entomopathogenic nematodes, but this remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Chiriboga M
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Insect Pests and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijin, 100101, China
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Centro para os Recursos Biológicos e Alimentos Mediterrânicos (MeditBio), FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Edf. 8, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gregory Röder
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Imperiali
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Maurhofer
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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6
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Salvagnin U, Malnoy M, Thöming G, Tasin M, Carlin S, Martens S, Vrhovsek U, Angeli S, Anfora G. Adjusting the scent ratio: using genetically modified Vitis vinifera plants to manipulate European grapevine moth behaviour. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:264-271. [PMID: 28574666 PMCID: PMC5785346 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects use olfactory cues to locate their host plant within a complex olfactory landscape. One such example is the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana, a key pest of the grape in the Palearctic region, which recently expanded both its geographical and host plant range. Previous studies have showed that a synthetic blend of the three terpenoids, (E)-β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), was as attractive for the moth as the complete grape odour profile in laboratory conditions. The same studies also showed that the specific ratio of these compounds in the grape bouquet was crucial because a percentage variation in any of the three volatiles resulted in almost complete inhibition of the blend's attractiveness. Here, we report on the creation of stable grapevine transgenic lines, with modified (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-β-farnesene emission and thus with an altered ratio compared to the original plants. When headspace collections from these plants were tested in wind tunnel behavioural assays, they were less attractive than control extracts. This result was confirmed by testing synthetic blends imitating the ratio found on natural and transformed plants, as well as by testing the plants themselves. With this evidence, we suggest that a strategy based on volatile ratio modification may also interfere with the host-finding behaviour of L. botrana in the field, creating avenues for new pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Salvagnin
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBolzanoItaly
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Gunda Thöming
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOÅsNorway
| | - Marco Tasin
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOÅsNorway
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (CAFE)University of TrentoS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
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Pazouki L, Kanagendran A, Li S, Kännaste A, Memari HR, Bichele R, Niinemets Ü. Mono- and sesquiterpene release from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) leaves upon mild and severe heat stress and through recovery: from gene expression to emission responses. Environ Exp Bot 2016; 132:1-15. [PMID: 29367791 PMCID: PMC5777606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants frequently experience heat ramps of various severities, but how and to what degree plant metabolic activity recovers from mild and severe heat stress is poorly understood. In this study, we exposed the constitutive terpene emitter, Solanum. lycopersicum leaves to mild (37 and 41 °C), moderate (46 °C) and severe (49 °C) heat ramps of 5 min. and monitored foliage photosynthetic activity, lipoxygenase pathway volatile (LOX), and mono- and sesquiterpene emissions and expression of two terpene synthase genes, β-phellandrene synthase and (E)-β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase, through a 24 h recovery period upon return to pre-stress conditions. Leaf monoterpene emissions were dominated by β-phellandrene and sesquiterpene emissions by (E)-β-caryophyllene, and thus, these two terpene synthase genes were representative for the two volatile terpene classes. Photosynthetic characteristics partly recovered under moderate heat stress, and very limited recovery was observed under severe stress. All stress treatments resulted in elicitation of LOX emissions that declined during recovery. Enhanced mono- and sesquiterpene emissions were observed immediately after the heat treatment, but the emissions decreased even to below the control treatment during recovery between 2-10 h, and raised again by 24 h. The expression of β-phellandrene and (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase genes decreased between 2-10 h after heat stress, and recovered to pre-stress level in mild heat stress treatment by 24 h. Overall, this study demonstrates a highly sensitive heat response of terpenoid synthesis that is mainly controlled by gene level responses under mild stress, while severe stress leads to non-recoverable declines in foliage physiological and gene expression activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Hamid Rajabi Memari
- Biotechnology and Life Science Center and School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rudolf Bichele
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ajuga comata Stapf. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven components were identified in the oil. (E)-β-caryophyllene (30.9%), caryophyllene oxide (24.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (12.6%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), δ-cadinene (3.1%) and germacrene D (3.0%) were the main compounds in the EOs. The chemical composition of A. comata Stapf. from the Southern Zagros of Iran is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Karami
- a Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
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9
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Yahyaa M, Tholl D, Cormier G, Jensen R, Simon PW, Ibdah M. Identification and Characterization of Terpene Synthases Potentially Involved in the Formation of Volatile Terpenes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Roots. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:4870-8. [PMID: 25924989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an excess of volatile organic compounds, which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of fruit and root crops, including the taste and aroma of carrots (Daucus carota L.). A combined chemical, biochemical, and molecular study was conducted to evaluate the differential accumulation of volatile terpenes in a diverse collection of fresh carrots (D. carota L.). Here, we report on a transcriptome-based identification and functional characterization of two carrot terpene synthases, the sesquiterpene synthase, DcTPS1, and the monoterpene synthase, DcTPS2. Recombinant DcTPS1 protein produces mainly (E)-β-caryophyllene, the predominant sesquiterpene in carrot roots, and α-humulene, while recombinant DcTPS2 functions as a monoterpene synthase with geraniol as the main product. Both genes are differentially transcribed in different cultivars and during carrot root development. Our results suggest a role for DcTPS genes in carrot aroma biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaab Yahyaa
- †Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 409 Latham Hall, 220 Agquad Lane, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Guy Cormier
- §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 119 Life Sciences I, 970 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Roderick Jensen
- §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 119 Life Sciences I, 970 Washington Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Philipp W Simon
- ∥Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- †Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
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10
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Yu ZX, Wang LJ, Zhao B, Shan CM, Zhang YH, Chen DF, Chen XY. Progressive Regulation of Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) by the miR156-Targeted SPL Transcription Factors. Mol Plant 2014:ssu127. [PMID: 25355059 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolites vary at different stages of life cycle. Although it is well documented that environmental factors stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the regulation by endogenous developmental cues remains poorly understood. The microRNA156 (miR156)-tageted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) factors function as a major age cue in regulating developmental phase transition and flowering. We show here that the miR156-targeted SPL transcription factor plays an important role in the spatiotemporal regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the miR156-SPL module regulates the formation of (E)-β-caryophyllene in flowering stage through modulating expression of the sesquiterpene synthase gene TPS21. We demonstrated that SPL9 directly binds to TPS21 promoter and activates its expression. In the perennial fragrant herb Pogostemon cablin, the accumulation of "patchouli oil", largely composed of sesquiterpenes dominated by (-)-patchoulol, is also age-regulated, and the SPL promotes biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in elder plants by up-regulating patchoulol synthase (PatPTS) gene expression. As miR156-SPLs are highly conserved in plants, our finding not only uncovers a molecular link between developmental timing and sesquiterpene production, but also suggests a new strategy to engineer plant for accelerated growth with enhanced production of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xia Yu
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai 201602, P.R. China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China University of CAS Dalian University
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China University of CAS
| | - Chun-Min Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China University of CAS
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Firmenich Aromatics (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201108, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Fang Chen
- Firmenich Aromatics (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201108, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai 201602, P.R. China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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