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Hopper JT, Ma R, Rawlings JB, Ford PC, Abu-Omar MM. Markedly Improved Catalytic Dehydration of Sorbitol to Isosorbide by Sol-Gel Sulfated Zirconia: A Quantitative Structure-Reactivity Study. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10137-10152. [PMID: 37564128 PMCID: PMC10411504 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Isosorbide, a bicyclic C6 diol, has considerable value as a precursor for the production of bio-derived polymers. Current production of isosorbide from sorbitol utilizes homogeneous acid, commonly H2SO4, creating harmful waste and complicating separation. Thus, a heterogeneous acid catalyst capable of producing isosorbide from sorbitol in high yield under mild conditions would be desirable. Reported here is a quantitative investigation of the liquid-phase dehydration of neat sorbitol over sulfated zirconia (SZ) solid acid catalysts produced via sol-gel synthesis. The catalyst preparation allows for precise surface area control (morphology) and tunable catalytic activity. The S/Zr ratio (0.1-2.0) and calcination temperature (425-625 °C) were varied to evaluate their effects on morphology, acidity, and reaction kinetics and, as a result, to optimize the catalytic system for this transformation. With the optimal SZ catalyst, complete conversion of sorbitol occurred in <2 h under mild conditions to give isosorbide in 76% yield. Overall, the quantitative kinetics and structure-reactivity studies provided valuable insights into the parameters that govern product yields and SZ catalyst activity, central among these being the relative proportion of acid site types and Brønsted surface density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ruining Ma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James B. Rawlings
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter C. Ford
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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2
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Abstract
By using a high-resolution mass spectrometer, four vitamin A palmitate (VAP) degradants were identified from microencapsulated VAP degradation samples. Based on the degradants, VAP first breaks down into anhydroretinol (ANHR) and palmitic acid (PA) through ester thermal elimination (ETE). Sequentially, the formed ANHR reacts with remaining VAP to ANHR-VAP and with a second ANHR to ANHR-ANHR. The migration of H+ in the transition state predicts that the H+ concentration in media will affect the ETE. Based on the degradation mechanism discovered from this study, a new product was developed and its media pH changed from 4.2 to 6.2. The new microencapsulated VAP degraded from 22.3% to 4.8% on an annualized basis. In the VAP degradation, no oxidized apo-carotenoids were found. The oxidized apo-carotenoids were detected in the degradation of β-carotene, a pro-vitamin A, through natural oxidation by oxygen in air. This indicated that, in ambient and dry conditions on its own, VAP decay was unlike that of β-carotene through natural oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minren Xu
- Glanbia Nutritional Inc., West Haven Branch, 301 Heffernan Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jim Watson
- Glanbia Nutritional Inc., West Haven Branch, 301 Heffernan Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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Vlnieska V, Muniz AS, Oliveira ARS, César-Oliveira MAF, Kunka D. Synthesis and Chemical Functionalization of Pseudo-Homogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production-Oligocat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:19. [PMID: 35012043 PMCID: PMC8747319 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in global demand for biodiesel, first generation feedstock has drawn the attention of governmental institutions due to the correlation with large land farming areas. The second and third feedstock generations are greener feedstock sources, nevertheless, they require different catalytic conditions if compared with first generation feedstock. In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of oligoesters matrices and their functionalization to act as a pseudo-homogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production, named Oligocat. The main advantage of Oligocat is given due to its reactional medium interaction. Initially, oligocat is a solid catalyst soluble in the alcoholic phase, acting as a homogeneous catalyst, providing better mass transfer of the catalytic groups to the reaction medium, and as the course of the reaction happens, Oligocat migrates to the glycerol phase, also providing the advantage of easy separation of the biodiesel. Oligocat was synthesized through polymerization of aromatic hydroxy acids, followed by a chemical functionalization applying the sulfonation technique. Characterization of the catalysts was carried out by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized oligomers presented 5357 g·mol-1 (Mw) and 3909 g·mol-1 (Mn), with a moderate thermal resistance of approximately 175 °C. By sulfonation reaction, it was possible to obtain a high content of sulphonic groups of nearly 70 mol%, which provided the catalytic activity to the oligomeric matrix. With the mentioned physical-chemical properties, Oligocat is chemically designed to convert second generation feedstock to biodiesel efficiently. Preliminary investigation using Oligocat for biodiesel production resulted in conversion rates higher than 96.5 wt.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Vlnieska
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
- EMPA—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aline S. Muniz
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Angelo R. S. Oliveira
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Maria A. F. César-Oliveira
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Danays Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
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Toumsri P, Auppahad W, Saknaphawuth S, Pongtawornsakun B, Kaowphong S, Dechtrirat D, Panpranot J, Chuenchom L. Facile preparation protocol of magnetic mesoporous carbon acid catalysts via soft-template self-assembly method and their applications in conversion of xylose into furfural. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200349. [PMID: 34510931 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Furfural is a valuable dehydration product of xylose. It has a broad spectrum of industrial applications. Various catalysts containing SO3H have been reported for the conversion of xylose into furfural. Nevertheless, the multi-step preparation is tedious, and the catalysts are usually fine powders that are difficult to separate from the suspension. Novel magnetic mesoporous carbonaceous materials (Fe/MC) were successfully prepared via facile self-assembly in a single step. A facile subsequent hydrothermal sulfonation of Fe/MC with concentrated H2SO4 at 180°C gave mesoporous carbon bearing SO3H groups (SO3H@Fe/MC) without loss of the magnetic properties. Various techniques were employed to characterize the SO3H@Fe/MC as a candidate catalyst. It showed strong magnetism due to its Fe particles and possessed a 243 m2 g-1 BET-specific surface area and a 90% mesopore volume. The sample contained 0.21 mmol g-1 of SO3H and gave a high conversion and an acceptable furfural yield and selectivity (100%, 45% and 45%, respectively) when used at 170°C for 1 h with γ-valerolactone as solvent. The catalyst was easily separated after the catalytic tests by using a magnet, confirming sufficient magneticstability. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Toumsri
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - W Auppahad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S Saknaphawuth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - B Pongtawornsakun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S Kaowphong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - D Dechtrirat
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - J Panpranot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - L Chuenchom
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Huang W, Wang K, Liu P, Li M, Ke S, Gu Y. Three-component reactions of aromatic amines, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and α-bromoacetaldehyde acetal to access N-(hetero)aryl-4,5-unsubstituted pyrroles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2920-2928. [PMID: 33335599 PMCID: PMC7722624 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-(Hetero)aryl-4,5-unsubstituted pyrroles were synthesized from (hetero)arylamines, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and α-bromoacetaldehyde acetal by using aluminum(III) chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst through [1 + 2 + 2] annulation. This new versatile methodology provides a wide scope for the synthesis of different functional N-(hetero)aryl-4,5-unsubstituted pyrrole scaffolds, which can be further derived to access multisubstituted pyrrole-3-carboxamides. In the presence of 1.2 equiv of KI, a polysubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivative was also successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Huang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 8 Nanhu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Kaimei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 8 Nanhu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City 832004, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 8 Nanhu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City 832004, China
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ibeh PO, García-Mateos FJ, Ruiz-Rosas R, Rosas JM, Rodríguez-Mirasol J, Cordero T. Acid Mesoporous Carbon Monoliths from Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste for Methanol Dehydration. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12152394. [PMID: 31357532 PMCID: PMC6695989 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon monoliths (ACMs), with 25 cells/cm2, were prepared from the direct extrusion of Alcell, Kraft lignin and olives stones particles that were impregnated with phosphoric acid, followed by activation at 700 °C. These ACMs were used as catalysts for methanol dehydration reaction under air atmosphere. ACM that was prepared from olive stone and at impregnation ratio of 2, OS2, showed the highest catalytic activity, with a methanol conversion of 75%, a selectivity to dimethyl ether (DME) higher than 90%, and a great stability under the operating conditions studied. The results suggest that the monolithic conformation, with a density channel of 25 cells/cm2 avoid the blockage of active sites by coke deposition to a large extent. Methanol conversion for OS2 was reduced to 29% in the presence of 8%v water, at 350 °C, although the selectivity to DME remained higher than 86%. A kinetic model of methanol dehydration in the presence of air was developed, while taking into account the competitive adsorption of water. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, whose rate-limiting step was the surface reaction between two adsorbed methanol molecules, represented the experimental data under the conditions studied very well. An activation energy value of 92 kJ/mol for methanol dehydration reaction and adsorption enthalpies for methanol and water of −12 and −35 kJ/mol, respectively, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Ibeh
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Mateos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ramiro Ruiz-Rosas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juana María Rosas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - José Rodríguez-Mirasol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Tomás Cordero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Pires E, García JI, Leal-Duaso A, Mayoral JA, García-Peiro JI, Velázquez D. Optimization of the Synthesis of Glycerol Derived Monoethers from Glycidol by Means of Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis. Molecules 2018; 23:E2887. [PMID: 30404134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient and green methodology for the synthesis of glycerol monoethers, starting from glycidol and different alcohols, by means of heterogeneous acid catalysis. A scope of Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts were applied to the benchmark reaction of glycidol and methanol. The selected catalysts were cationic exchangers, such as Nafion NR50, Dowex 50WX2, Amberlyst 15 and K10-Montmorillonite, both in their protonic form and exchanged with Al(III), Zn(II) and Fe(III). Thus, total conversions were reached in short times by using 1 and 5% mol catalyst loading and room temperature, without the need for excess glycidol or the presence of a solvent. Finally, these conditions and the best catalysts were successfully applied to the reaction of glycidol with several alcohols such as butanol or isopropanol.
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Sang XJ, Feng SL, Lu Y, Zhang YX, Su F, Zhang LC, Zhu ZM. A new hexamolybdate-based copper-2,2'-biimidazole coordination polymer serving as an acid catalyst and support for enzyme immobilization. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:1362-1369. [PMID: 30398189 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618013037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hydrothermal reaction of (NH4)3[CoMo6O24H6]·7H2O (CoMo6), CuCl2·2H2O and 2,2'-biimidazole (H2biim) led to the formation of a new coordination polymer, namely poly[diaquabis(2,2'-biimidazole)hexa-μ3-oxo-octa-μ2-oxo-hexaoxodicopper(II)hexamolybdate(VI)], [Cu2Mo6O20(C6H6N4)2(H2O)2]n (Cu-Mo6O20), at pH 2-3. It is obvious that in the formation of crystalline Cu-Mo6O20, the original Anderson-type skeleton of heteropolymolybdate CoMo6 was broken and the new isopolyhexamolybdate Mo6O20 unit was assembled. In Cu-Mo6O20, one Mo6O20 unit connects four [Cu(H2biim)(H2O)]2+ ions in a pentacoordinate mode via four terminal O atoms, resulting in a tetra-supported structure, and each CuII ion is shared by two adjacent Mo6O20 units. Infinite one-dimensional chains are established by linkage between two adjacent Mo6O20 units and two CuII ions, and these chains are further packed into a three-dimensional framework by hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions and electrostatic attractions. The catalytic performance of this crystalline material used as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst for carbonyl-group protection is discussed. In addition, Cu-Mo6O20 was applied as a new support for enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) immobilization, forming immobilized enzyme HRP/Cu-Mo6O20. HRP/Cu-Mo6O20 showed good catalytic activity and could be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jing Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Cui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai Ming Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, People's Republic of China
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