1
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Chen F, Wu X, Lu G, Nie J, Zhu X. Thermochromic Hydrogels with Adjustable Transition Behavior for Smart Windows. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38593302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
With the fast economic development and accelerating urbanization, more and more skyscrapers made entirely of concrete and glass are being constructed. To keep a comfortable indoor environment, massive energy for air conditioning or heating appliances is consumed. A huge amount of heat (>30%) is gained or released through glass windows. Using smart windows with the capability to modulate light is an effective way to reduce building energy consumption. Thermochromic hydrogel is one of the potential smart window materials due to its excellent thermal response, high radiation-blocking efficiency, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and good uniformity. In this work, polyhydroxypropyl acrylate (PHPA) hydrogels with controllable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) were prepared by photopolymerization. The transition temperature and transition rate under "static transition" conditions were investigated. Unlike "static" conditions in which the transition temperature was not affected by the initial and final temperature and heating/cooling ramp, the transition temperature varied with the rate of temperature change under dynamic conditions. The "dynamic" transition temperature of the PHPA hydrogel gradually increased with the increase of the heating rate. It was the result of the movement of the molecular chains lagging behind the temperature change when the temperature change was too fast. The results of the solar irradiation experiment by filling PHPA hydrogels into double glazing windows showed that the indoor temperature was about 15 °C lower than that of ordinary glass windows, indicating that it can significantly reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning. In addition, a wide range of adjustable transition temperatures and fast optical response make PHPA hydrogels potentially applicable to smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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2
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Liu S, Du Y, Zhang R, He H, Pan A, Ho TC, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yip HL, Jen AKY, Tso CY. Perovskite Smart Windows: The Light Manipulator in Energy-Efficient Buildings. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306423. [PMID: 37517047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled sunlight entering through windows contributes to substantial heating and cooling demands in buildings, which leads to high energy consumption from the buildings. Recently, perovskite smart windows have emerged as innovative energy-saving technologies, offering the potential to adaptively control indoor solar heat gain through their impressive sunlight modulation capabilities. Moreover, harnessing the high-efficiency photovoltaic properties of perovskite materials, these windows have the potential to generate power, thereby realizing more advanced windows with combined light modulation and energy harvesting capabilities. This review summarizes the recent advancements in various chromic perovskite materials for achieving light modulation, focusing on both perovskite structures and underlying switching mechanisms. The discussion also encompasses device engineering strategies for smart windows, including the improvement of their optical and transition performance, durability, combination with electricity generation, and the evaluation of their energy-saving performance in building applications. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with perovskite smart windows are explicated, aimed at stimulating more academic research and advancing their pragmatic implementation for building energy efficiency and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Yuwei Du
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Huanfeng He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Aiqiang Pan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Tsz Chung Ho
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Alex K Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
| | - Chi Yan Tso
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKG, China
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3
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Lee JH, Ma JS, An CH, Lee GH, Oh SW. Advanced Light: Liquid Crystals-Based Ultra-Broadband Polarization Rotator for Functional Smart Devices. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2301106. [PMID: 37922521 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel ultra-broadband polarization rotator with advanced angular adjustability is proposed for functional devices such as displays and smart windows. The new solution offers dynamic control of light polarization across a broad range of wavelengths, encompassing the complete visible spectrum, ultraviolet and near-infrared. Moreover, it boasts a smaller footprint, faster response times, and lower dispersion compared to conventional rotators. The findings are remarkable in that they show that as the viewing angle increases, the hybrid alignment takes on a twist-like configuration, with the polarization rotation angle determined by the spatial variation in the twist angle. This intriguing behavior leads to an improved range of angular adjustability, as the effective polarization rotation depth is extended. The improved angular adjustability of reconfigurable smart devices surpasses the limitations of traditional polarization rotators, unlocking new innovative possibilities. For example, the rotator plays a crucial role in display technologies, allowing for effective control of viewing angles and minimizing reflection from disturbing external light. Similarly, in smart windows, it optimizes energy conservation by regulating direct sunlight transmission while ensuring clear visibility in normal conditions. It is believed that the proposed advanced ultra-broadband polarization rotator is a significant step forward in the development of reconfigurable smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Lee
- Department of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Heon An
- Department of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Oh
- Department of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon, 25913, Republic of Korea
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4
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Meng W, Kragt AJJ, Gao Y, Brembilla E, Hu X, van der Burgt JS, Schenning APHJ, Klein T, Zhou G, van den Ham ER, Tan L, Li L, Wang J, Jiang L. Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2304910. [PMID: 37926960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive control of sunlight through photochromic smart windows could have a huge impact on the energy efficiency and daylight comfort in buildings. However, the fabrication of inorganic nanoparticle and polymer composite photochromic films with a high contrast ratio and high transparency/low haze remains a challenge. Here, a solution method is presented for the in situ growth of copper-doped tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate, which allows a low-cost preparation of photochromic films with a high luminous transparency (luminous transmittance Tlum = 91%) and scalability (30 × 350 cm2 ). High modulation of visible light (ΔTlum = 73%) and solar heat (modulation of solar transmittance ΔTsol = 73%, modulation of solar heat gain coefficient ΔSHGC = 0.5) of the film improves the indoor daylight comfort and energy efficiency. Simulation results show that low-e windows with the photochromic film applied can greatly enhance the energy efficiency and daylight comfort. This photochromic film presents an attractive strategy for achieving more energy-efficient buildings and carbon neutrality to combat global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Augustinus J J Kragt
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, Delft, 2628 BL, The Netherlands
- ClimAd Technology, Valkenaerhof 68, Nijmegen, 6538 TE, The Netherlands
| | - Yingtao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Eleonora Brembilla
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, Delft, 2628 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials & Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Tillmann Klein
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, Delft, 2628 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- ClimAd Technology, Valkenaerhof 68, Nijmegen, 6538 TE, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R van den Ham
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, Delft, 2628 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Longfei Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Laifeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101407, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Bingzhou, Shandong, 256606, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Bingzhou, Shandong, 256606, China
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5
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Ji F, Zhang B, Chen WM, Buyanova IA, Wang F, Boschloo G. Amine Gas-Induced Reversible Optical Bleaching of Bismuth-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306391. [PMID: 38044299 PMCID: PMC10811464 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Reversible optical property changes in lead-free perovskites have recently received great interest due to their potential applications in smart windows, sensors, data encryption, and various on-demand devices. However, it is challenging to achieve remarkable color changes in their thin films. Here, methylamine gas (CH3 NH2 , MA0 ) induced switchable optical bleaching of bismuth (Bi)-based perovskite films is demonstrated for the first time. By exposure to an MA0 atmosphere, the color of Cs2 AgBiBr6 (CABB) films changes from yellow to transparent, and the color of Cs3 Bi2 I9 (CBI) films changes from dark red to transparent. More interestingly, the underlying reason is found to be the interactions between MA0 and Bi3+ with the formation of an amorphous liquefied transparent intermediate phase, which is different from that of lead-based perovskite systems. Moreover, the generality of this approach is demonstrated with other amine gases, including ethylamine (C2 H5 NH2 , EA0 ) and butylamine (CH3 (CH2 )3 NH2 , BA0 ), and another compound, Cs3 Sb2 I9 , by observing a similar reversible optical bleaching phenomenon. The potential for the application of CABB and CBI films in switchable smart windows is investigated. This study provides valuable insights into the interactions between amine gases and lead-free perovskites, opening up new possibilities for high-efficiency optoelectronic and stimuli-responsive applications of these emerging Bi-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Ji
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryPhysical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐751 20Sweden
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐58 183Sweden
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐58 183Sweden
| | - Irina A Buyanova
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐58 183Sweden
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of PhysicsChemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐58 183Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryPhysical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐751 20Sweden
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6
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Ghosh S, Abraham E, Smalyukh II. Low-Voltage Haze Tuning with Cellulose-Network Liquid Crystal Gels. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19767-19778. [PMID: 37725591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Being key components of the building envelope, glazing products with tunable optical properties are in great demand because of their potential for boosting energy efficiency and privacy features while enabling the main function of allowing natural light indoors. However, windows and skylights with electric switching of haze and transparency are rare and often require high voltages or electric currents, as well as not fully meet the stringent technical requirements for glazing applications. Here, by introducing a predesigned gel material we describe an approach dubbed "Haze-Switch" that involves low-voltage tuning of the haze coefficient in a broad range of 2-90% while maintaining high visible-range optical transmittance. The approach is based on a nanocellulose fiber gel network infiltrated by a nematic liquid crystal, which can be switched between polydomain and monodomain spatial patterns of optical axis via a dielectric coupling between the nematic domains and the applied external electric field. By utilizing a nanocellulose network of nanofibers ∼10 nm in diameter we achieve <10 V dielectric switching and <2% haze in the clear state, as needed for applications in window products. We characterize physical properties relevant to window and smart glass technologies, like the color rendering index, haze coefficient, and switching times, demonstrating that our material and envisaged products can meet the stringent requirements of the glass industry, including applications such as privacy windows, skylights, sunroofs, and daylighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Eldho Abraham
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Boulder, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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7
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Deng B, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhu J, Liu M, Liu M, He Y, Zhu C, Zhang C, Meng H. An Ultrafast, Energy-Efficient Electrochromic and Thermochromic Device for Smart Windows. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2302685. [PMID: 37358298 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart windows nowadays undertake the esteemed obligation of reducing energy consumption as well as upgrading living experience. This project aims to devise a smart window that responds to both electricity and heat, with the intention of achieving energy efficiency, privacy preservation, and enhanced decorative attributes. Through the implementation of a novel electrochromic material design, coupled with the optimization of electrochromic devices (ECDs), a high-performance ECD is obtained, demonstrating coloring/bleaching time of 0.53/0.16 s, a transmittance modulation of 78% (from 99% to 21%), and superior performance in six dimensions. Furthermore, temperature-responsive units and an ionic liquid are incorporated into the electrolyte system to create a novel thermochromic gel electrolyte with transmittance modulation from 80% to 0%, and excellent thermal insulation (6.4 °C reduction). Ultimately, an electro- and thermochromic device is developed, featuring an ultrafast color-switching speed of 0.82/0.60 s and multiple working modes. Overall, this work showcases a prospective design pathway for the development of next-generation ultrafast-switching, and energy-efficient intelligent windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Manyu Liu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, University College London, London, WC1E7JE, UK
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Huang NN, Gao J, Sheng SZ, Shang QG, Xian ZY, Wang JL, Liu JW. Structural Design of Intelligent Reversible Two-Way Structural Color Films. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7389-7396. [PMID: 37498627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Structural color always shows a reversible switch between reflection and transmission states when viewed from different angles, attracting increasing attention in display applications. However, this switching between reflection and transmission states of structural color suffers from the inherent lack of autonomous regulation, which is unmanageable in the case of different application scenarios. Here, we design an intelligent two-way structural color film which can reversibly change its color when applied with an extra stimulation such as voltage, heat signal, or light. A special structural feature contains a traditional photonic crystal film of polystyrene (PS) microspheres assembled by smart windows. Remarkably, our structural color film shows a prominent polarization sensitivity, and the angle dependence of the structural color broadens the gamut of display color demonstrated by both finite element theoretical analysis and experimental observation. Prospectively, this hierarchically designed film provides a promising pathway toward next-generation multicolor displays and smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Zhe Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Guo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yu Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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9
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Xing C, Yang L, He R, Spadaro MC, Zhang Y, Arbiol J, Li J, Poudel B, Nozariasbmarz A, Li W, Lim KH, Liu Y, Llorca J, Cabot A. Brookite TiO 2 Nanorods as Promising Electrochromic and Energy Storage Materials for Smart Windows. Small 2023:e2303639. [PMID: 37608461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) offer an attractive option for regulating indoor lighting conditions. Electrochromic materials based on ion insertion/desertion mechanisms also present the possibility for energy storage, thereby increasing overall energy efficiency and adding value to the system. However, current electrochromic electrodes suffer from performance degradation, long response time, and low coloration efficiency. This work aims to produce defect-engineered brookite titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods (NRs) with different lengths and investigate their electrochromic performance as potential energy storage materials. The controllable synthesis of TiO2 NRs with inherent defects, along with smaller impedance and higher carrier concentrations, significantly enhances their electrochromic performance, including improved resistance to degradation, shorter response times, and enhanced coloration efficiency. The electrochromic performance of TiO2 NRs, particularly longer ones, is characterized by fast switching speeds (20 s for coloration and 12 s for bleaching), high coloration efficiency (84.96 cm2 C-1 at a 600 nm wavelength), and good stability, highlighting their potential for advanced electrochromic smart window applications based on Li+ ion intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Linlin Yang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ren He
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Bed Poudel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amin Nozariasbmarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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10
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Ke Y, Wang Z, Xie H, Khalifa MA, Zheng J, Xu C. Long-Term Stable Complementary Electrochromic Device Based on WO 3 Working Electrode and NiO-Pt Counter Electrode. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:601. [PMID: 37367805 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs) composed of WO3 and NiO electrodes have wide applications in smart windows. However, they have poor cycling stability due to ion-trapping and charge mismatch between electrodes, which limits their practical application. In this work, we introduce a partially covered counter electrode (CE) composed of NiO and Pt to achieve good stability and overcome the charge mismatch based on our structure of electrochromic electrode/Redox/catalytic counter electrode (ECM/Redox/CCE). The device is assembled using a NiO-Pt counter electrode with WO3 as the working electrode, and PC/LiClO4 containing a tetramethylthiourea/tetramethylformaminium disulfide (TMTU/TMFDS2+) redox couple as the electrolyte. The partially covered NiO-Pt CE-based ECD exhibits excellent EC performance, including a large optical modulation of 68.2% at 603 nm, rapid switching times of 5.3 s (coloring) and 12.8 s (bleaching), and a high coloration efficiency of 89.6 cm2·C-1. In addition, the ECD achieves a good stability of 10,000 cycles, which is promising for practical application. These findings suggest that the structure of ECC/Redox/CCE could overcome the charge mismatch problem. Moreover, Pt could enhance the Redox couple's electrochemical activity for achieving high stability. This research provides a promising approach for the design of long-term stable complementary electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Ke
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haiyi Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mahmoud A Khalifa
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chunye Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Xie H, Wang Z, Khalifa MA, Ke Y, Zheng J, Xu C. Proton and Redox Couple Synergized Strategy for Aqueous Low Voltage-Driven WO 3 Electrochromic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37310753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes possess non-combustible and eco-friendly features compared to organic electrolytes, leading them to be more suitable for application in smart windows for daily use. However, limited by the narrow electrochemical window of water (1.23 V), its use in conventional electrochromic devices (ECDs) would result in irreversible performance loss, which arises from decomposition caused by high voltage. Here, we propose a synergistic scheme combining a redox couple-catalytic counter electrode (RC-CCE) strategy with protons as guest ions. With the help of the intelligent matching of the reaction potentials of the RC and amorphous WO3 electrochromic electrodes and the highly active and fast kinetic features of protons, it successfully reduces the working voltage range of the device to 1.1 V. The assembled HClO4-ECD can possess an overall modulation rate (350-1200 nm) of 0.43 and 0.94 at -0.1 and -0.7 V, respectively, and a modulation of 66.8% at 600 nm at -0.7 V. Moreover, compared with other guest ions, the proton-based ECD exhibits higher coloration efficiency, a broader color modulation capability, and better stability. In addition, the house model equipped with the proton-based ECD effectively blocks solar radiation, which provides a potential solution for the design of aqueous smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mahmoud A Khalifa
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yajie Ke
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chunye Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Yu D, Zhuo S, Wang J, Liu Z, Ye J, Wang Y, Chen L, Ouyang X, Zhang KQ, Zhou XQ, Guan J, Liu Y, Chen W, Liao LS, Zhuo MP. Thermochromic Ni(II) Organometallics With High Optical Transparency and Low Phase-Transition Temperature for Energy-Saving Smart Windows. Small 2023; 19:e2205833. [PMID: 36876447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows with rational modulation in indoor temperature and brightness draw considerable interest in reducing building energy consumption, which remains a huge challenge to meet the comfortable responsive temperature and the wide transmittance modulation range from visible to near-infrared (NIR) light for their practical application. Herein, a novel thermochromic Ni(II) organometallic of [(C2 H5 )2 NH2 ]2 NiCl4 for smart windows is rationally designed and synthesized via an inexpensive mechanochemistry method, which processes a low phase-transition temperature of 46.3 °C for the reversible color evolution from transparent to blue with a tunable visible transmittance from 90.5% to 72.1%. Furthermore, cesium tungsten bronze (CWO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) with excellent NIR absorption in 750-1500 and 1500-2600 nm are introduced in the [(C2 H5 )2 NH2 ]2 NiCl4 -based smart windows, realizing a broadband sunlight modulation of a 27% visible light modulation and more than 90% of NIR shielding ability. Impressively, these smart windows demonstrate stable and reversible thermochromic cycles at room temperature. Compared with the conventional windows in the field tests, these smart windows can significantly reduce the indoor temperature by 16.1 °C, which is promising for next-generation energy-saving buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Yu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Sheng Zhuo
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jianyong Ye
- Jiangxi Sun-Nano Advanced Materials Technology Co. Ltd. , Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xingxing Ouyang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jinping Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Rare Earth Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Weifan Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Jiangxi Sun-Nano Advanced Materials Technology Co. Ltd. , Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Rare Earth Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming-Peng Zhuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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13
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Li B, Xu F, Guan T, Li Y, Sun J. Self-Adhesive Self-Healing Thermochromic Ionogels for Smart Windows with Excellent Environmental and Mechanical Stability, Solar Modulation, and Antifogging Capabilities. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211456. [PMID: 36848671 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current thermochromic materials used in smart windows still face challenges, such as poor mechanical and environmental stability, unsatisfactory solar modulation capacity, and low transparency. Herein, the first self-adhesive self-healing thermochromic ionogels with excellent mechanical and environmental stability, antifogging capability, transparency, and solar modulation capability by loading binary ionic liquids (ILs) into rational-designed self-healing poly(urethaneurea) with acylsemicarbazide (ASCZ) moieties that have reversible and multiple hydrogen bonds are reported and their feasibility as smart windows with reliability and long service life is demonstrated. The self-healing thermochromic ionogels can switch between transparent and opaque without leakage or shrinkage, by the constrained reversible phase separation of ILs within the ionogels. The ionogels have the highest transparency and solar modulation capability among reported thermochromic materials and such excellent solar modulation capability can be well maintained after undergoing 1000 transitions, stretches, and bends, and storage at -30 °C, 60 °C, 90% RH, and vacuum environment for 2 months. The formation of high-density hydrogen bonds among the ASCZ moieties contributes to the excellent mechanical strength of the ionogels and allows the thermochromic ionogels to spontaneously heal their damages and be fully recycled at room temperature without the loss of thermochromic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fuchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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14
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Chen G, Wang K, Yang J, Huang J, Chen Z, Zheng J, Wang J, Yang H, Li S, Miao Y, Wang W, Zhu N, Jiang X, Chen Y, Fu J. Printable Thermochromic Hydrogel-Based Smart Window for All-Weather Building Temperature Regulation in Diverse Climates. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211716. [PMID: 36822599 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows are widely developed to modulate building energy exchange to save building energy consumption. However, most smart windows have fixed working temperatures, moderate energy-saving efficiency, and are not suitable for diverse (cold and hot) climates. Here smart windows with strong temperature modulation over a broad range of hydrogels with adjustable transition temperatures for all-weather building temperature regulation in different climates are reported. Thermochromic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N, N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels, with lower critical transition temperatures ranging from 32.5 to 43.5 °C, are developed for smart windows with solar modulation up to 88.84% and intrinsic transmittance up to 91.30% over full spectrum without energy input. Simulated indoor investigations are performed in different cities from 23 °N to 39 °N from winter to summer. The results indicate that smart windows have a strong solar modulation in summer to reduce indoor temperature up to 7.3 °C and efficient heat conservation in winter to save energy up to 4.30 J m-3 , in comparison to glass windows. Smart windows with grid patterns and Chinese kirigami are fabricated by using 3D printing of the hydrogels to achieve both solar modulation and light incidence. The strategy offers an innovative path for thermochromic smart windows for low carbon economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Fixation, Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy of Tsinghua University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zhongfeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yueyue Miao
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiancai Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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15
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Johannes C, Macher S, Niklaus L, Schott M, Hillmer H, Hartung M, Heim HP. Flexible Electrochromic Device on Polycarbonate Substrate with PEDOT:PSS and Color-Neutral TiO 2 as Ion Storage Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091982. [PMID: 37177132 PMCID: PMC10181473 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) windows on glass for thermal and glare protection in buildings, often referred to as smart (dimmable) windows, are commercially available, along with rearview mirrors or windows in aircraft cabins. Plastic-based applications, such as ski goggles, visors and car windows, that require lightweight, three-dimensional (3D) geometry and high-throughput manufacturing are still under development. To produce such EC devices (ECDs), a flexible EC film could be integrated into a back injection molding process, where the films are processed into compact 3D geometries in a single automized step at a low processing time. Polycarbonate (PC) as a substrate is a lightweight and robust alternative to glass due to its outstanding optical and mechanical properties. In this study, an EC film on a PC substrate was fabricated and characterized for the first time. To achieve a highly transmissive and colorless bright state, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was used as the working electrode, while titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as the counter electrode material. They were deposited onto ITO-coated PC films using dip- and slot-die coating, respectively. The electrodes were optically and electrochemically characterized. An ECD with a polyurethane containing gel electrolyte was investigated with regard to optical properties, switching speed and cycling behavior. The ECD exhibits a color-neutral and highly transmissive bright state with a visible light transmittance of 74% and a bluish-colored state of 64%, a fast switching speed (7 s/4 s for bleaching/coloring) and a moderately stable cycling behavior over 500 cycles with a decrease in transmittance change from 10%to 7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Johannes
- Plastics Engineering, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sven Macher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Niklaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Schott
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hillmer
- Technological Electronics, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Hartung
- Plastics Engineering, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Heim
- Plastics Engineering, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Germany
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16
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Kay R, Jakubiec JA, Katrycz C, Hatton BD. Multilayered optofluidics for sustainable buildings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210351120. [PMID: 36716371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210351120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoor climate control is among the most energy-intensive activities conducted by humans. A building facade that can achieve versatile climate control directly, through independent and multifunctional optical reconfigurations, could significantly reduce this energy footprint, and its development represents a pertinent unmet challenge toward global sustainability. Drawing from optically adaptive multilayer skins within biological organisms, we report a multilayered millifluidic interface for achieving a comprehensive suite of independent optical responses in buildings. We digitally control the flow of aqueous solutions within confined milliscale channels, demonstrating independent command over total transmitted light intensity (95% modulation between 250 and 2,500 nm), near-infrared-selective absorption (70% modulation between 740 and 2,500 nm), and dispersion (scattering). This combinatorial optical tunability enables configurable optimization of the amount, wavelength, and position of transmitted solar radiation within buildings over time, resulting in annual modeled energy reductions of more than 43% over existing technologies. Our scalable "optofluidic" platform, leveraging a versatile range of aqueous chemistries, may represent a general solution for the climate control of buildings.
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17
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Feng Y, Ma W, Li H, Yang M, Yu Y, Liu S, Zeng X, Huang F, Yang Y, Li Z. Phase-Changing Polymer Film for Smart Windows with Highly Adaptive Solar Modulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:5836-5844. [PMID: 36688968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting sunlight and thermal radiation from windows is important in efficient energy-saving applications. A high solar modulation (ΔTsol) capability as well as a high luminous transmittance (Tlum) are the ultimate aim of smart windows. In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), W-doped VO2, and poly-N-iso-propylacrylamide (PNIPAm) composite hydrogel films were produced. The sample was prepared between two glasses to constitute a smart window with a sandwich construction structure, which exhibits a high Tlum of 87.16%, a ΔTsol of 65.71%, and a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 29 °C. The practical applications of conventional PNIPAm hydrogels are limited by the volume contraction of phase transition. Here, this challenge is addressed by the simple method of combining with HPC. The PNIPAm-2.5 wt % HPC hydrogels possess thermo-responsive contractility with a volume shrinkage rate of 8.5%. Even after 100 high- and low-temperature cyclic durability tests, the smart windows still exhibit a high solar modulation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Yunzi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
| | - Zehao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Fingshing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 43003, China
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18
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Fall S, Wang J, Regrettier T, Brouckaert N, Ibraikulov OA, Leclerc N, Lin Y, Elhaj MI, Komitov L, Lévêque P, Zhong Y, Brinkmann M, Kaczmarek M, Heiser T. Self-Powered Dynamic Glazing Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals and Organic Photovoltaic Layers for Smart Window Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4267-4274. [PMID: 36630212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic windows allow monitoring of in-door solar radiation and thus improve user comfort and energy efficiency in buildings and vehicles. Existing technologies are, however, hampered by limitations in switching speed, energy efficiency, user control, or production costs. Here, we introduce a new concept for self-powered switchable glazing that combines a nematic liquid crystal, as an electro-optic active layer, with an organic photovoltaic material. The latter aligns the liquid crystal molecules and generates, under illumination, an electric field that changes the molecular orientation and thereby the device transmittance in the visible and near-infrared region. Small-area devices can be switched from clear to dark in hundreds of milliseconds without an external power supply. The drop in transmittance can be adjusted using a variable resistor and is shown to be reversible and stable for more than 5 h. First solution-processed large-area (15 cm2) devices are presented, and prospects for smart window applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
| | - Thomas Regrettier
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
- Voltec Solar, 1 Rue des Prés, Dinsheim-sur-Bruche 67190, France
| | - Nicolas Brouckaert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25, Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 67085, France
| | - Yaochen Lin
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
| | | | - Lachezar Komitov
- HighVistec GmbH, Benkenstrasse 254C, Witterswil CH 4108, Switzerland
- Dept. of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
| | - Yuhan Zhong
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034, France
| | | | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (ICube Research Institute), Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67037, France
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19
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Mondal I, Awasthi N, Ganesha MK, Singh AK, Kulkarni GU. Cost-Effective Smart Window: Transparency Modulation via Surface Contact Angle Controlled Mist Formation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3613-3620. [PMID: 36606698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implementing simple and inexpensive energy-saving smart technologies in households is quite effective to accomplish on-demand privacy control and reduction in energy consumption. Conventional smart glasses face difficulty in making inroads into the consumer market due to utilizing expensive active layers, electrolytes, and transparent electrodes. Thus, the need of the hour is to develop an unconventional smart window, which should be cost-effective, power-efficient, and simple to fabricate. Against this backdrop, we report the fabrication of a new class of smart partition windows termed "mist-driven transparency switching glass". The fabrication protocol includes surface energy modification of two glass panes, followed by assembling them into a square or rectangular-shaped narrow cell with appropriate inlets and outlets for mist. In its pristine state, the device is transparent, as expected of two plain glasses forming a cell. Insertion of cool mist into the device produces tiny droplets onto the inner walls due to condensation enabling scattering of light, thereby producing the translucent state. The optimized device shows a transmittance modulation of as much as ∼65% at 550 nm, allowing it to reduce the indoor temperature by more than 30% compared to a regular glass windowpane. To realize commercial viability, a large area device (30 × 30 cm2) was fabricated, which could be operated wirelessly through a cellphone application paving the way for incorporating the Internet of Things into the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Mondal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Nilay Awasthi
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Mukhesh K Ganesha
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Singh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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20
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Li H, Xu J, Ren Y, Han R, Song H, Huang R, Wang X, Zhang L, Cao H, Zou C, Yang H. Preparation of Highly Durable Reverse-Mode Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Films with Polymer Walls. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2228-2236. [PMID: 36579944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reverse-mode polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) films have wide applications in smart windows for cars as well as buildings and dimming glasses due to their low haze, low energy consumption, and better safety in case of emergency power off. However, PSLC films usually have poor stability of electro-optical properties due to their low polymer content (ca. 5 wt %), and it still remains a challenging task to improve the stability and processability by increasing the polymer content in PSLC as the driving voltage might dramatically increase. In this work, a reverse-mode PSLC film with polymer walls was prepared, which showed excellent stability of electro-optical properties even after 150 000 cycles. The film was prepared through polymerization with a photomask, in which the monomers concentrated on specific areas to form patterned polymer walls. In this way, the polymer content could be increased dramatically and the anchoring effect would not be too strong, thus avoiding a sharp increase in the driving voltage. As a result, the desired reverse-mode film with high stability, relatively low driving voltage, and high contrast ratio was obtained. The effects of monomer compositions, curing temperature, UV light intensity, and the pattern of the photomask on the microstructures, as well as electro-optical performances of the films were carefully studied. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of reverse-mode electrically switchable light-transmittance controllable films with excellent stability and good electro-optical performance, which would broaden their application in smart cars, building windows, and dimming glasses for light management and potential energy saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiao Ren
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - He Song
- School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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21
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Galeotti F, Scatena L, Trespidi F, Pasini M. A Comparative Study of Cellulose Ethers as Thermotropic Materials for Self-Tracking Solar Concentrators. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238464. [PMID: 36500552 PMCID: PMC9737304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous growth in energy demand requires researchers to find new solutions to enlarge and diversify the possible ways of exploiting renewable energy sources. Our idea is the development of a solar concentrator based on trapping the luminous radiation with a smart window. This system is able to direct light towards the photovoltaic cells placed on window borders and produce electricity, without any movable part and without changing its transparency. Herein, we report a detailed study of cellulose ethers, a class of materials of natural origin capable of changing their state, from transparent aqueous solution to scattering hydrogel, in response to a temperature change. Cellulose thermotropism can be used to produce a scattering spot in a window filled with the thermotropic fluid to create a new kind of self-tracking solar concentrator. We demonstrate that the properties of the thermotropic fluid can be finely tuned by selecting the cellulose functionalization, the co-dissolved salt, and by regulating their dosage. Lastly, the results of our investigation are tested in a proof-of-concept demonstration of solar concentration achieved by thermotropism-based light trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Scatena
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Trespidi
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Strada Torre della Razza, Loc. Le Mose, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
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22
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Dai M, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang L, Liu Y, Ye Z, Zhu S. Dual-Responsive Hydrogels with Three-Stage Optical Modulation for Smart Windows. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53314-53322. [PMID: 36382563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since room temperature management consumes a large amount of building energy, thermochromic smart windows have been extensively used for temperature regulation and energy management. However, the development of the smart window is still limited by its simple thermochromic performance, unreasonable thermochromic temperature, and the lack of additional stimulation conditions. In this work, a dual-responsive hydrogel was developed by introducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium chloride into the cross-linking network of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and polyacrylamide (PAM) for energy-saving and privacy protection. By controlling the temperature from low (<15 °C) to medium (15-28 °C) to high (>28 °C), the dual-responsive hydrogel achieved a reversible three-stage transition of opaque-transparent-translucent. The hydrogel exhibited a satisfactory solar modulation ability (Tlum = 80.3%, ΔTsol,15-18°C = 72.9%, ΔTsol,18-35°C = 42.7%) and effective IR and UV shielding at high (or low) temperatures. Moreover, compared with traditional windows, smart windows made of dual-responsive hydrogels could offer better thermal insulation and heat preservation. The electrochromic properties of the dual-responsive hydrogel presented a facile strategy to meet the needs of different situations. The dual-responsive hydrogel features energy-saving, privacy protection, three-stage optical modulation, and multistimulus responsiveness, making it an ideal smart window candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Dai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Haijun Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Leping Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian116023, China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
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23
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Murillo-Quirós N, Vega-Garita V, Carmona-Calvo A, Rojas-González EA, Starbird-Perez R, Avendaño-Soto E. Toward Thermochromic VO 2 Nanoparticles Polymer Films Based Smart Windows Designed for Tropical Climates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4250. [PMID: 36236198 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows have been extensively investigated due to two main benefits: first, the comfort for people in a room through avoiding high temperatures resulting from solar heating while taking advantage of the visible light, and second, the energy efficiency saving offered by using those systems. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most used materials in the development of thermochromic devices. The countries located in the tropics show little use of these technologies, although studies indicate that due to their characteristics of solar illumination and temperature, they could benefit greatly. To optimize and achieve maximum benefit, it is necessary to design a window that adjusts to tropical conditions and at the same time remains affordable for extensive implementation. VO2 nanoparticles embedded in polymeric matrices are an option, but improvements are required by means of studying different particle sizes, dopants and polymeric matrices. The purpose of this review is to analyze what has been regarding toward the fabrication of smart windows based on VO2 embedded in polymeric matrices for tropical areas and provide a proposal for what this device must comply with to contribute to these specific climatic needs.
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24
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Koch D, Chaker M. The Origin of the Thermochromic Property Changes in Doped Vanadium Dioxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23928-23943. [PMID: 35536155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide is a promising material for novel smart window applications due to its reversible metal-insulator transition which is accompanied by a change in its optical properties. The transition temperature (TMIT) can be controlled via elemental doping, but the reduction of TMIT is generally coupled with a decrease of the optical contrast between the two phases. To better understand how the contrast is fundamentally connected to TMIT, the thermochromic properties of doped VO2 were theoretically investigated across the metal-insulator transition from first principles. Different dopants and their interaction with the VO2 host structure as well as different modes of doping were studied in detail. It was found that the transition temperature change is mainly related to the stabilization of the high-temperature metallic phase due to lattice deformations which are caused by the presence of the dopant ion. Inherent limitations to the thermochromic performance of VO2 substitutionally doped by the replacement of vanadium cations with other species were found, and alternative approaches were proposed. Specifically, a charge-neutral substitution of oxygen or an oxygen substitution in combination with interstitial doping without net charge transfer between the dopant atoms and VO2 were identified as promising avenues to ensure a low TMIT and no loss of optical contrast in vanadia-based smart window materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koch
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1P7, Canada
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25
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Yang X, Lv S, Li T, Hao S, Zhu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Song H. Dual Thermo-Responsive and Strain-Responsive Ionogels for Smart Windows and Temperature/Motion Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20083-20092. [PMID: 35468277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a stretchable, dual thermo-responsive and strain-responsive ionogel has been synthesized by one-step photopolymerization. The obtained ionogel shows an ultrahigh stretchability (∼3000%), a high ionic conductivity (up to 3.1 mS/cm), and a good temperature tolerance (-40 to 300 °C). Importantly, these ionogels show an upper critical solution temperature-type phase transition with a wide tunable phase-transition temperature (17.5-42.5 °C) and reversible color/transparency switching. In particular, the as-prepared ionogel-based flexible/wearable temperature monitors and smart windows show an excellent designability and programmability, temperature modulation ability, and thermal responsiveness. Moreover, the ionogels-based strain sensors have temperature- and strain-dual responsibility and a broad strain-sensing range (1-700%), which can effectively monitor various motions. This strategy of fabricating dual thermo- and strain-responsive ionogels by using a one-step method and only one polymer holds great promise for the next generation of multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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26
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Liu S, Li Y, Wang Y, Yu KM, Huang B, Tso CY. Near-Infrared-Activated Thermochromic Perovskite Smart Windows. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2106090. [PMID: 35486020 PMCID: PMC9108621 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-based thermochromic smart windows that can change color have attracted much interest. However, the high transition temperature (>45 °C in air) hinders their practical application. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) activated thermochromic perovskite window that enables reversible transition cycles at room temperature is proposed. Under natural sunlight (>700 W m-2 ), it efficiently harvests 78% NIR light to trigger the thermochromism of perovskites, blocking the heat gain from both the visible and NIR light. Meanwhile, it also exhibits a low mid-infrared emissivity of <0.3, suppressing thermal radiation to the indoor environment. A field test demonstrates that this smart window can reduce the indoor temperature by 8 °C compared to a normal glass window at noon. The near-room-temperature color change, multispectral thermal management, outstanding energy-saving ability, and climate adaptability, and solution-based process of this window make it unique and promising for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Avenue Kowloon TongHong KongHKGChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong KongHKGChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongHong KongHKGChina
| | - Kin Man Yu
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Avenue, Kowloon TongHong KongHKGChina
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong KongHKGChina
| | - Chi Yan Tso
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Avenue Kowloon TongHong KongHKGChina
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27
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Feng YQ, Lv ML, Yang M, Ma WX, Zhang G, Yu YZ, Wu YQ, Li HB, Liu DZ, Yang YS. Application of New Energy Thermochromic Composite Thermosensitive Materials of Smart Windows in Recent Years. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051638. [PMID: 35268739 PMCID: PMC8912046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows technology can intelligently regulate indoor solar radiation by changing indoor light transmittance in response to thermal stimulation, thus reducing energy consumption of the building. In recent years, with the development of new energy-saving materials and the combination with practical technology, energy-saving smart windows technology has received more and more attention from scientific research. Based on the summary of thermochromic smart windows by Yi Long research groups, this review described the applications of thermal responsive organic materials in smart windows, including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogels, ionic liquids and liquid crystals. Besides, the mechanism of various organic materials and the properties of functional materials were also introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges relating to thermochromic smart windows and prospects for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Mei-Ling Lv
- Department of Mechanical Electricity, Wuhan Instrument and Electronic Technical School, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Ming Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Wen-Xia Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Yun-Zi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Ya-Qi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - De-Zheng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
- Correspondence: (D.-Z.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Yong-Sheng Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-Z.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
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28
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Wang L, Jiao X, Chen D, Wang T. A Solar Water-Heating Smart Window by Integration of the Water Flow System and the Electrochromic Window Based on Reversible Metal Electrodeposition. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104121. [PMID: 34962109 PMCID: PMC8867160 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various smart windows with dynamic modulation of the light transmittance have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, current design of the smart windows can only modulate the indoor solar irradiation instead of effectively utilize them. Here, a solar water-heating (SWH) smart window is proposed by the integration of the traditional electrochromic window and the water flow system, which can not only provide dynamic daylight modulation but also harvest the solar energy and store them by heating water. In the SWH window, the reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) not only provides daylight modulation but also provides metal layer working as a flat-plate solar collector for energy harvesting. Compared with traditional electrochromic windows, the SWH window with a water flow system can more effectively modulate the indoor temperature, owing to the significantly enhanced tunability of the thermal irradiation from the window. Compared with water-flow windows, the RME provide a metallic layer for efficient light harvesting, up to 42% solar energy can be effectively harvested and stored as hot water. Such an SWH smart window is promising to reduce the heating, lighting, and air conditioning energy consumption, which may bring new insights in the design of the next-generation green buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Xiuling Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Dairong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
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Chen H, Cho D, Ko K, Qin C, Kim MP, Zhang H, Lee JH, Kim E, Park D, Shen X, Yang J, Ko H, Hong JW, Kim JK, Jeon S. Interdigitated Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Nanocomposites for High-Performance Mechanochromic Smart Membranes. ACS Nano 2022; 16:68-77. [PMID: 34797045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic smart membranes capable of optical modulation have great potential in smart windows, artificial skins, and camouflage. However, the realization of high-contrast optical modulation based on light scattering activated at a low strain remains challenging. Here, we present a strategy for designing mechanochromic scattering membranes by introducing a Young's modulus mismatch between the two interdigitated polydimethylsiloxane phases with weak interfaces in a periodic three-dimensional (3D) structure. The refractive index-matched interfaces of the nanocomposite provide a high optical transparency of 93%. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the 3D heterogeneity facilitates the generation of numerous nanoscale debonds or "nanogaps" at the modulus-mismatching interfaces, enabling incident light scattering under tension. The heterogeneous scatterer delivers both a high transmittance contrast of >50% achieved at 15% strain and a maximum contrast of 82%. When used as a smart window, the membrane demonstrates effective diffusion of transmitting sunlight, leading to moderate indoor illumination by eliminating extremely bright or dark spots. At the other extreme, such a 3D heterogeneous design with strongly bonded interfaces can enhance the coloration sensitivity of mechanophore-dyed nanocomposites. This work presents insights into the design principles of advanced mechanochromic smart membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Donghwi Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonhwan Ko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Caiyan Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dawon Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wuk Hong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Ma D, Lee-Sie Eh A, Cao S, Lee PS, Wang J. Wide-Spectrum Modulated Electrochromic Smart Windows Based on MnO 2/PB Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:1443-1451. [PMID: 34957823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic materials have been extensively studied for visible electrochromism in the past few decades. However, the single inorganic electrochromic (EC) material commonly exhibits a single color change, leading to a narrow spectrum of modulation, which offsets or limits the maximally energy-saving ability. Here, we present a wide-spectrum modulated EC device designed by combining the complementary EC nanocomposite of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and Prussian blue (PB) for enhanced energy savings. Porous MnO2 nanostructures serve as host frameworks for the templated growth of PB, resulting in MnO2/PB nanocomposites. The complementary optical modulation ranges of MnO2 and PB enable a widen-spectrum modulation across the solar region with the development of the MnO2/PB nanocomposite. The colored MnO2/PB device exhibited an optical modulation of 32.1% in the wide solar spectrum range of 320-1100 nm and blocked 72.0% of the solar irradiance. Furthermore, fast switching responses (2.7 s for coloration and 2.1 s for bleaching) and a high coloration efficiency (83.1 cm2·C-1) of the MnO2/PB EC device are also achieved. The high EC performance of the MnO2/PB nanocomposite device provides a new strategy for the design of high-performance energy-saving EC smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ma
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 334 Jungong Road, Shanghai200093, P. R. China
| | - Alice Lee-Sie Eh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore138602, Singapore
| | - Sheng Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore138602, Singapore
| | - Jinmin Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 334 Jungong Road, Shanghai200093, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Jia X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Qi H, Zhang P, Kaiser U, Reineke S, Dong R, Feng X. Viologen-Immobilized 2D Polymer Film Enabling Highly Efficient Electrochromic Device for Solar-Powered Smart Window. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106073. [PMID: 34613639 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have emerged as a unique class of optoelectronic devices for the development of smart windows. However, current ECDs typically suffer from low coloration efficiency (CE) and high energy consumption, which have thus hindered their practical applications, especially as components in solar-powered EC windows. Here, the high-performance ECDs with a fully crystalline viologen-immobilized 2D polymer (V2DP) thin film as the color-switching layer is demonstrated. The high density of vertically oriented pore channels (pore size ≈ 4.5 nm; pore density ≈ 5.8 × 1016 m-2 ) in the synthetic V2DP film enables high utilization of redox-active viologen moieties and benefits for Li+ ion diffusion/transport. As a result, the as-fabricated ECDs achieve a rapid switching speed (coloration, 2.8 s; bleaching, 1.2 s), and a high CE (989 cm2 C-1 ), and low energy consumption (21.1 µW cm-2 ). Moreover, it is managed to fabricate transmission-tunable, self-sustainable EC window prototypes by vertically integrating the V2DP ECDs with transparent solar cells. This work sheds light on designing electroactive 2D polymers with molecular precision for optoelectronics and paves a practical route toward developing self-powered EC windows to offset the electricity consumption of buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannan Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Li D, Zhou C, Meng Y, Chen C, Yu C, Long Y, Li S. Deformable Thermo-Responsive Smart Windows Based on a Shape Memory Polymer for Adaptive Solar Modulations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:61196-61204. [PMID: 34918896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive smart windows that control solar transmission are expected to be the promising solution to excessive building energy consumption and overheating of solar cell devices. The two performance indices, namely, the luminous transmission (Tlum) and the solar modulation (ΔTsol), are often intrinsically limited by conventional thermo-responsive materials, which restrict their applications in smart windows. Alternatively, constructing a deformable surface morphology of smart windows can be an effective strategy to modulate the solar transmission. Here, we report a new category of thermo-responsive smart windows with a deformable surface morphology, which can be custom designed to achieve both desirable ΔTsol and Tlum according to the sunlight incident angles of actual applications. This design is based on a thermo-responsive shape memory polymer and an optical coating, which is termed the butterfly-wing-like smart window (BSW). The BSW reversibly transforms from a temporary shape of flat topography to a predefined original shape of tilted configuration upon heating. It is demonstrated that the BSW has a high ΔTsol of 32.6% and an excellent Tlum(average) of 64.5%. This work provides a new design strategy and mechanism for thermo-responsive smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chengjiao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Zou X, Ji H, Zhao Y, Lu M, Tao J, Tang P, Liu B, Yu X, Mao Y. Research Progress of Photo-/Electro-Driven Thermochromic Smart Windows. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11123335. [PMID: 34947687 PMCID: PMC8706103 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows can automatically control solar radiation according to the ambient temperature. Compared with photochromic and electrochromic smart windows, they have a stronger applicability and lower energy consumption, and have a wide range of application prospects in the field of building energy efficiency. At present, aiming at the challenge of the high transition temperature of thermochromic smart windows, a large amount of innovative research has been carried out via the principle that thermochromic materials can be driven to change their optical performance by photothermal or electrothermal effects at room temperature. Based on this, the research progress of photo- and electro-driven thermochromic smart windows is summarized from VO2-based composites, hydrogels and liquid crystals, and it is pointed out that there are two main development trends of photo-/electro-driven thermochromic smart windows. One is exploring the diversified combination methods of photothermal materials and thermochromic materials, and the other is developing low-cost large-area heating electrodes.
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Kumar S, Kang D, Nguyen VH, Nasir N, Hong H, Kim M, Nguyen DC, Lee YJ, Lee N, Seo Y. Application of Titanium-Carbide MXene-Based Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Flexible Smart Windows. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:40976-40985. [PMID: 34407611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among various available materials used in transparent and flexible devices, MXenes are attracting attention as a brand-new candidate in this category. Ti3C2Tx MXene as a 2D material has exceptional properties, making it a potential material having numerous applications in different areas. Because of its high conductivity, it can be used in transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). In this study, the MXenes etched by highly concentrated acid at 50 °C,were spin-coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and annealed at moderate temperatures up to 170 °C. The adhesion of MXene to PET was found to be remarkably improved by annealing. These TCEs exhibited a sheet resistance of ∼424 Ω/sq. and transmittance of ∼87%. The aging stability of MXene-coated PET films against oxidation under ambient conditions was studied up to 28 days and resistance change was found ∼30% during this period. The flexibility test showed low bending resistance change (∼1.5%) at 1000th cycle and cumulative resistance change of ∼20% at a bending radius of ∼3.9 mm after 1000 cycles. These transparent, flexible, and conducting electrodes were used to fabricate polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)-based flexible smart windows. The smart windows fabricated by curing PDLC mixture sandwiched between the MXene electrodes were also found flexible in ON/OFF states. The MXene-based flexible smart windows resulted in good opacity in the OFF state and high transparency in the ON state, exhibiting low threshold voltage <10 V and high transmittance ∼80% at 60 V. The flexible smart windows operated normally even at ∼4 mm bending radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
- HMC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Dongwoon Kang
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Van Huy Nguyen
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Naila Nasir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Hong
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Minwook Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Dinh Cong Nguyen
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Lee
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Naesung Lee
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
- HMC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
- HMC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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Puguan JMC, Rathod PV, Kim H. Engineered Ionene/PNIPAM Hybrid Dual-Response Material Generating Tunable and Unique Optical Modes for Adaptive Solar Transmittance Modulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36330-36340. [PMID: 34308626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid smart window exhibiting dual chromic response properties based on an ionene/polymer material is successfully engineered. Thermochromic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is integrated with an electrochromic viologen-tethered ionene, also acting as an electrolyte, to produce a smart window that can adaptively control solar visible light transmittance in response to multiple stimuli. This new blend allows the formation of unique reversible optical states, namely, "clear", "amber", "cloudy", and "grainy" states, which are passively triggered by environmental temperature and actively induced by external potential or simultaneously by both. This hybrid material shows tunability in terms of its electrochemical and optical properties, switching kinetics, and coloration efficiency and can also achieve a nearly absolute zero-transmissive state. With the material's excellent solubility and film-forming ability, the smart device can be fabricated with much flexibility and ease. Finally, this device has an all-in-one layer configuration, creating a more compact and simplified design. With all these properties combined, the development of a next-generation multifunctional smart window device, which can efficiently control incoming solar light for energy-saving in buildings and also provide visual comfort, is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marc C Puguan
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod V Rathod
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hern Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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36
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Lee Y, Jung SW, Park SH, Yoo JW, Park J. Synthesis of Tungsten-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Using a Modified Polyol Method Involving 1-Dodecanol. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5384. [PMID: 33260827 PMCID: PMC7730659 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The doping of tungsten into VO2 (M) via a polyol process that is based on oligomerization of ammonium metavanadate and ethylene glycol (EG) to synthesize a vanadyl ethylene glycolate (VEG) followed by postcalcination was carried out by simply adding 1-dodecanol and the tungsten source tungstenoxytetrachloride (WOCl4). Tungsten-doped VEGs (W-VEGs) and their calcinated compounds (WxVO2) were prepared with varying mixing ratios of EG to 1-dodecanol and WOCl4 concentrations. Characterizations of W-VEGs by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared and transmittance spectroscopy showed that tungsten elements were successfully doped into WxVO2, thereby decreasing the metal-insulator transition temperature from 68 down to 51 °C. Our results suggested that WOCl4 variously combined with 1-dodecanol might interrupt the linear growth of W-VEGs, but that such an interruption might be alleviated at the optimal 1:1 mixing ratio of EG to 1-dodecanol, resulting in the successful W doping. The difference in the solar modulations of a W0.0207VO2 dispersion measured at 20 and 70 °C was increased to 21.8% while that of a pure VO2 dispersion was 2.5%. It was suggested that WOCl4 coupled with both EG and 1-dodecanol at an optimal mixing ratio could improve the formation of W-VEG and WxVO2 and that the bulky dodecyl chains might act as defects to decrease crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.W.J.)
| | - Sang Won Jung
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.W.J.)
| | - Sang Hwi Park
- KNW R&D Center, Gyeonggi-do 10832, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.W.Y.)
| | - Jung Whan Yoo
- KNW R&D Center, Gyeonggi-do 10832, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.W.Y.)
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.W.J.)
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Cai G, Cui P, Shi W, Morris S, Lou SN, Chen J, Ciou J, Paidi VK, Lee K, Li S, Lee PS. One-Dimensional π-d Conjugated Coordination Polymer for Electrochromic Energy Storage Device with Exceptionally High Performance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903109. [PMID: 33101842 PMCID: PMC7578889 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of previously unidentified materials that could realize excellent electrochemical-controlled optical and charge storage properties simultaneously, are especially desirable and useful for fabricating smart multifunctional devices. Here, a facile synthesis of a 1D π-d conjugated coordination polymer (Ni-BTA) is reported, consisting of metal (Ni)-containing nodes and organic linkers (1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine), which could be easily grown on various substrates via a scalable chemical bath deposition method. The resulting Ni-BTA film exhibits superior performances for both electrochromic and energy storage functions, such as large optical modulation (61.3%), high coloration efficiency (223.6 cm2 C-1), and high gravimetric capacity (168.1 mAh g-1). In particular, the Ni-BTA film can maintain its electrochemical recharge-ability and electrochromic properties even after 10 000 electrochemical cycles demonstrating excellent durability. Moreover, a smart energy storage indicator is demonstrated in which the energy storage states can be visually recognized in real time. The excellent electrochromic and charge storage performances of Ni-BTA films present a great promise for Ni-BTA nanowires to be used as practical electrode materials in various applications such as electrochromic devices, energy storage cells, and multifunctional smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Cai
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High‐efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High‐efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Present address:
School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane ProcessesTiangong UniversityTianjin300387PR China
| | - Samuel Morris
- Facility for Analysis Characterisation Testing & Simulation (FACTS)Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shi Nee Lou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
- Division of Environmental Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohangGyeongbuk37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
| | - Jing‐Hao Ciou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Vinod K Paidi
- Beamline Research DivisionPohang Accelerator LaboratoryPohang790784Republic of Korea
| | - Kug‐Seung Lee
- Beamline Research DivisionPohang Accelerator LaboratoryPohang790784Republic of Korea
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Singapore‐HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)1 Create WaySingapore138602Singapore
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38
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Li H, Zhang W, Elezzabi AY. Transparent Zinc-Mesh Electrodes for Solar-Charging Electrochromic Windows. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003574. [PMID: 32954551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Newly born zinc-anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs), incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions in a single transparent platform, represent the most promising technology for next-generation transparent electronics. As the existing ZECDs are limited by opaque zinc anodes, the key focus should be on the development of transparent zinc anodes. Here, the first demonstration of a flexible transparent zinc-mesh electrode is reported for a ZECD window that yields a remarkable electrochromic performance in an 80 cm2 device, including rapid switching times (3.6 and 2.5 s for the coloration and bleaching processes, respectively), a high optical contrast (67.2%), and an excellent coloration efficiency (131.5 cm2 C-1 ). It is also demonstrated that such ZECDs are perfectly suited for solar-charging smart windows as they inherently address the solar intermittency issue. These windows can be colored via solar charging during the day, and they can be bleached during the night by supplying electrical energy to electronic devices. The ZECD smart window platform can be scaled to a large area while retaining its excellent electrochromic characteristics. These findings represent a new technology for solar-charging windows and open new opportunities for the development of next-generation transparent batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizeng Li
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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Lu HC, Ghosh S, Katyal N, Lakhanpal VS, Gearba-Dolocan IR, Henkelman G, Milliron DJ. Synthesis and Dual-Mode Electrochromism of Anisotropic Monoclinic Nb 12O 29 Colloidal Nanoplatelets. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10068-10082. [PMID: 32806084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxide nanocrystals with dual-mode electrochromism hold promise for smart windows enabling spectrally selective solar modulation. We have developed the colloidal synthesis of anisotropic monoclinic Nb12O29 nanoplatelets (NPLs) to investigate the dual-mode electrochromism of niobium oxide nanocrystals. The precursor for synthesizing NPLs was prepared by mixing NbCl5 and oleic acid to form a complex that was subsequently heated to form an oxide-like structure capped by oleic acid, denoted as niobium oxo cluster. By initiating the synthesis using niobium oxo clusters, preferred growth of NPLs over other polymorphs was observed. The structure of the synthesized NPLs was examined by X-ray diffraction in conjunction with simulations, revealing that the NPLs are monolayer monoclinic Nb12O29, thin in the [100] direction and extended along the b and c directions. Besides having monolayer thickness, NPLs show decreased intensity of Raman signal from Nb-O bonds with higher bond order when compared to bulk monoclinic Nb12O29, as interpreted by calculations. Progressive electrochemical reduction of NPL films led to absorbance in the near-infrared region (stage 1) followed by absorbance in both the visible and near-infrared regions (stage 2), thus exhibiting dual-mode electrochromism. The mechanisms underlying these two processes were distinguished electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry to determine the extent to which ion intercalation limits the kinetics, and by verifying the presence of localized electrons following ion intercalation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both results support that the near-infrared absorption results from capacitive charging, and the onset of visible absorption in the second stage is caused by ion intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Che Lu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Sandeep Ghosh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Naman Katyal
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Vikram S Lakhanpal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Ioana R Gearba-Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
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40
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Batmunkh M, Zhong YL, Zhao H. Recent Advances in Perovskite-Based Building-Integrated Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000631. [PMID: 32578271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-based solar cells have attracted great attention due to their low cost and high photovoltaic (PV) performance. In addition to their success in the PV sector, there has been growing interest in employing perovskites in energy-efficient smart windows and other building technologies owing to their large absorption coefficient and color tunability. The major challenge lies in integrating perovskite materials into windows and building facades and combining them with added functionalities while maintaining their remarkable power conversion efficiencies. Herein, advances that have been made in the application of perovskites to building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) in four areas are highlighted: semitransparent windows, colorful wall facades, electrochromic windows, and thermochromic windows. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of this cutting-edge research area and important roadmaps for the future use of perovskites in BIPVs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Yu Lin Zhong
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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41
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Cho D, Shim Y, Jung J, Nam S, Min S, Lee S, Ham Y, Lee K, Park J, Shin J, Hong J, Jeon S. High-Contrast Optical Modulation from Strain-Induced Nanogaps at 3D Heterogeneous Interfaces. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903708. [PMID: 32537413 PMCID: PMC7284194 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The realization of high-contrast modulation in optically transparent media is of great significance for emerging mechano-responsive smart windows. However, no study has provided fundamental strategies for maximizing light scattering during mechanical deformations. Here, a new type of 3D nanocomposite film consisting of an ultrathin (≈60 nm) Al2O3 nanoshell inserted between the elastomers in a periodic 3D nanonetwork is proposed. Regardless of the stretching direction, numerous light-scattering nanogaps (corresponding to the porosity of up to ≈37.4 vol%) form at the interfaces of Al2O3 and the elastomers under stretching. This results in the gradual modulation of transmission from ≈90% to 16% at visible wavelengths and does not degrade with repeated stretching/releasing over more than 10 000 cycles. The underlying physics is precisely predicted by finite element analysis of the unit cells. As a proof of concept, a mobile-app-enabled smart window device for Internet of Things applications is realized using the proposed 3D nanocomposite with successful expansion to the 3 × 3 in. scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Cho
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Seok Shim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- Division of Materials Science & EngineeringSilla University140 Baegyang‐daero 700beon‐gilSasang‐guBusanKorea
| | - Jae‐Wook Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- Structural Safety & Prognosis Research DivisionKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)Daedeok‐daero 989‐111Yusung‐guDaejeon34057South Korea
| | - Sang‐Hyeon Nam
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Min
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Eon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Ham
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjae Lee
- Department of Information Security EngineeringSang Myung UniversityCheonan‐siChungcheongnam‐do31066Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Shin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Wuk Hong
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Li C, Xie K, Zhu P, Shao B, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang J, Wang Q, Guo CF. Highly Transparent and Flexible Iontronic Pressure Sensors Based on an Opaque to Transparent Transition. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000348. [PMID: 32440489 PMCID: PMC7237840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human-computer interfaces, smart glasses, touch screens, and some electronic skins require highly transparent and flexible pressure-sensing elements. Flexible pressure sensors often apply a microstructured or porous active material to improve their sensitivity and response speed. However, the microstructures or small pores will result in high haze and low transparency of the device, and thus it is challenging to balance the sensitivity and transparency simultaneously in flexible pressure sensors or electronic skins. Here, for a capacitive-type sensor that consists of a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film sandwiched between two transparent electrodes, the challenge is addressed by filling the pores with ionic liquid that has the same refractive index with PVDF, and the transmittance of the film dramatically boosts from 0 to 94.8% in the visible range. Apart from optical matching, the ionic liquid also significantly improves the signal intensity as well as the sensitivity due to the formation of an electric double layer at the dielectric-electrode interfaces, and improves the toughness and stretchability of the active material benefiting from a plasticization effect. Such transparent and flexible sensors will be useful in smart windows, invisible bands, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Chenggao Li
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Kewei Xie
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Pang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Biqi Shao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Junlong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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43
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Zhang D, Sun B, Huang H, Gan Y, Xia Y, Liang C, Zhang W, Zhang J. A Solar-Driven Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitor. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1206. [PMID: 32182738 PMCID: PMC7085080 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar-driven electrochromic smart windows with energy-storage ability are promising for energy-saving buildings. In this work, a flexible photoelectrochromic device (PECD) was designed for this purpose. The PECD is composed of two flexible transparent conductive layers, a photocatalytic layer, an electrochromic material layer, and a transparent electrolyte layer. The photocatalytic layer is a dye-sensitized TiO2 thick film and the electrochromic layer is a WO3 thin film, which also possesses a supercapacitive property. Under illumination, dye-sensitized TiO2 thick film realizes photo-drive electrochromism that the WO3 changes from colorless to blue with large optical modulation. Meanwhile, the PECD has an electrochemical supercapacitance showing an energy storage property of 21 mF·cm-2 (114.9 F·g-1 vs the mass of WO3), stable mechanical performance and long cycle performance. The PECD can effectively adjust the transmittance of visible and near-infrared light without any external power supply, realizing zero energy consumption, and can convert solar energy into electrical energy for storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China (H.H.); (Y.G.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (W.Z.)
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44
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Sol C, Portnoi M, Li T, Gurunatha KL, Schläfer J, Guldin S, Parkin IP, Papakonstantinou I. High-Performance Planar Thin Film Thermochromic Window via Dynamic Optical Impedance Matching. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8140-8145. [PMID: 31995986 PMCID: PMC7033656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Window coatings with dynamic solar transmittance represent an excellent opportunity to reduce building heating and cooling loads, which account for >40% of energy consumed by the built environment. In particular, inorganic vanadium dioxide-based thermochromic coatings offer long lifetimes (>30 years) and can be passively integrated into a window system without additional electronics or power requirements. However, their limited solar modulation depth and wide phase-change hysteresis have traditionally restricted their ability to adapt to changing weather conditions. Here, we derive an optical performance limit for thin film vanadium dioxide coatings, which we find to be far beyond the current literature. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a solution-processed multilayer thin film coating that uses temperature-dependent optical impedance matching to approach the optical performance limit. The thin film coating demonstrated has a record solar transmittance modulation of 21.8% while maintaining a high level of visible transparency (∼50%) and minimal hysteresis (∼10 °C). This work represents a step-change in thin film thermochromic window coatings and, as a result, establishes planar thin film vanadium dioxide as the most viable morphology for high-performance thermochromic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sol
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Mark Portnoi
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Tao Li
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Kargal L. Gurunatha
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Johannes Schläfer
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic
Innovations Laboratory, Department of Electronic & Electrical
Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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45
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Song W, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang K, Zhang L, Chen L, Huang Y, Chen M, Lei H, Chen H, Fang D. Ionic Conductive Gels for Optically Manipulatable Microwave Stealth Structures. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902162. [PMID: 31993290 PMCID: PMC6974938 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart structures with manipulatable properties are highly demanded in many fields. However, there is a critical challenge in the pursuit of transparent windows that allow optical waves (wavelength of µm-nm) for transmitting while blocking microwave (wavelength of cm) in terms of absorbing electromagnetic energy, specifically for meeting the frequency requirement for the 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. For fundamentally establishing novel manipulatable microwave absorbing structures, here, new polymeric aqueous gels as both optically transparent materials and microwave absorbing materials are demonstrated, in which polar networks play significant roles in attenuating electromagnetic energy. By manipulating the hydrogen bonding networks, the resulting optically transparent solid-state gels are able to offer the capabilities for absorbing microwaves. Interestingly, such gels can be switched into an optically opaque state via converting the amorphous state into a polycrystal state when the temperature is decreased. Such ionic conductive gels can endow the assembled sandwich windows with effective microwave absorbing capability in the range of 15-40 GHz, covering a branch of 5G frequency bands. The results highlight a new strategy for using ionic conductive gels to design and fabricate manipulatable microwave stealth structures for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Li Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Jing Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Lun Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space UtilizationTechnology and Engineering Center for space UtilizationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space UtilizationTechnology and Engineering Center for space UtilizationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China
| | - Li‐Li Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Mingji Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Hongshuai Lei
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Haosen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi‐Functional Composite Materials and StructuresBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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Jiang B, Liu L, Gao Z, Feng Z, Zheng Y, Wang W. Fast Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Dynamic Surface Wrinkles with High Bistability for Smart Windows and Rewritable Optical Displays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:40406-40415. [PMID: 31613079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic dual-stimuli-responsive surface wrinkles on a bilayer film with high bistability are unattainable and attractive for the applications of smart windows and optical displays. Here, we report a new strategy in developing moisture and temperature dual-responsive surface wrinkles on the polyvinyl alcohol/polydimethylsiloxane (PVA/PDMS) bilayer film by rationally designing the modulus changes of the PVA skin layer upon moisture and temperature. By optimizing the thickness of the PVA layer to 4.5 μm, the as-prepared surface wrinkles show long-awaited properties, such as fast response time, excellent reversibility without degradation of optical contrast, and high light transmittance modulation, which greatly outperforms the reported surface wrinkles. Moreover, the surface wrinkles on the bilayer film remain highly bistable without additional energy consumption for more than five months in ambient room conditions both in the opaque and transparent states. These promising dual-stimuli-responsive surface wrinkles on bilayer films hold great promises for various applications triggered by moisture and temperature, such as smart windows and rewritable optical displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolai Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Luntao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Zongpeng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Wenshou Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
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Giannuzzi R, De Donato F, De Trizio L, Monteduro AG, Maruccio G, Scarfiello R, Qualtieri A, Manna L. Tunable Near-Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of F, In-Codoped CdO Nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:39921-39929. [PMID: 31577409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) of transparent conducting oxides with a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region show promising electrochromic properties for the development of a new generation of dynamic "smart windows". In this regard, we exploit thin films of F, In-codoped CdO (FICO) NCs as active coatings for electrochromic devices. The control over the dopants concentration in FICO NCs results in fine tuning of their LSPR across the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Highly transparent mesoporous electrodes were prepared from colloidal FICO NCs by in situ ligand exchange of the pristine organic capping ligands. This approach preserves the optical and electrical properties of native NCs and delivers highly homogeneous, nonscattering films with a good electronic coupling between the NCs. We achieved a dynamic control over the LSPR frequency by reversible electrochemical doping, hence a spectrally selective modulation of the optical transmittance in the NIR region of the solar spectrum, which carries nearly 50% of the whole solar heat. Spectroelectrochemical characterization, coloration efficiency, and switching kinetics results indicate that thin film based on FICO NCs are potential candidates for plasmonic electrochromic applications. Moreover, the high electron mobility and wide optical bandgap of FICO makes NCs of this material suitable for large-area devices capable of dynamically controlling the heat load coming from the solar infrared radiation, without affecting the visible light transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giannuzzi
- IIT-CBN-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies , via Barsanti 14 , 73010 Arnesano , Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco De Donato
- IIT-NCH-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-Nanochemistry Department , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- IIT-NCH-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-Nanochemistry Department , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Department of Mathematics and Physics , University of Salento , via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology , c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics , University of Salento , via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology , c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Riccardo Scarfiello
- CNR-NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology , c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Qualtieri
- IIT-CBN-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies , via Barsanti 14 , 73010 Arnesano , Lecce , Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- IIT-NCH-Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-Nanochemistry Department , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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Li H, Li C, Sun W, Wang Y, Hua W, Liu J, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wang S, Wu Z, Zhu Q, Tang R, Yu J, He L, Ozin GA, Zhang X. Single-Stimulus-Induced Modulation of Multiple Optical Properties. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900388. [PMID: 30997714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive smart optical materials hold great promise for applications in active optics, display, sensing, energy conversion, military camouflage, and artificial intelligence. However, their applications are greatly restricted by the difficulty of tuning different optical properties within the same material, especially by a single stimulus. Here, magnetic modulations of multiple optical properties are demonstrated in a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) of magnetic nanorods. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies reveal that these nanorods form an unusual monoclinic crystal in concentrated suspensions. The CCA exhibits optical anisotropy in the form of a photonic bandgap and birefringence, thus enabling magnetic tuning of the structural color and transmittance at a rate of 50 Hz. As a proof-of-concept, it is further demonstrated that the fabrication of a multifunctional device for display, anticounterfeiting, and smart-window applications based on this multiple magneto-optical effect. The study not only provides a new model system for understanding colloidal assembly, but also opens up opportunities for new applications of smart optical materials for various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Solar Fuels Cluster, Departments of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Wenqiang Hua
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qishan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Rujun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Geoffrey A Ozin
- Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Solar Fuels Cluster, Departments of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Sun H, Xie Z, Ju C, Hu X, Yuan D, Zhao W, Shui L, Zhou G. Dye-Doped Electrically Smart Windows Based on Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040694. [PMID: 30995763 PMCID: PMC6523582 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the fabrication of dye-doped polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLC)-based smart windows. The effect of dye doping on PSLC contrast was investigated. Non-dichroic dye tints the PSLC sample in both off- and on-state, which is not beneficial for increasing its off/on contrast. The sample doped with dichroic dye shows a slight color in the off-state and strong color in the on-state, resulting in an enhanced contrast, which attributed to orientation dependent absorption of dichroic dyes. Furthermore, we blended non-dichroic dye and dichroic dye who have complementary absorption together into PSLC mixture. The sample is almost colorless in the off-state due to the subtractive process, while colored in the on-state. The contrast is further enhanced. The results show that the proposed multi-dye-doped PSLC device has high visual contrast and fast response time, making it attractive for applications in light management and architectural aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zuoping Xie
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chun Ju
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dong Yuan
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingling Shui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China.
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Li H, McRae L, Firby CJ, Elezzabi AY. Rechargeable Aqueous Electrochromic Batteries Utilizing Ti-Substituted Tungsten Molybdenum Oxide Based Zn 2+ Ion Intercalation Cathodes. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1807065. [PMID: 30803069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Batteries are used in every facet of human lives. Desirable battery architectures demand high capacity, rechargeability, rapid charging speed, and cycling stability, all within an environmentally friendly platform. Many applications are limited by opaque batteries; thus, new functionalities can be unlocked by introducing transparent battery architectures. This can be achieved by incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions. Transparent electrochromic batteries enable new applications, including variable optical attenuators, optical switches, addressable displays, touch screen devices, and most importantly smart windows for energy-efficient buildings. However, this technology is in the incipient state due to limited electrochromic materials having satisfactory optical contrast and capacity. As such, triggering electrochromism via Zn2+ intercalation is advantageous: Zn is abundant, safe, easily processed in aqueous electrolytes and provides two electrons during redox reactions. Here, enhanced Zn2+ intercalation is demonstrated in Ti-substituted tungsten molybdenum oxide, yielding improved capacity and electrochromic performance. This technique is employed to engineer cathodes exhibiting an areal capacity of 260 mAh m-2 and high optical contrast (76%), utilized in the fabrication of aqueous Zn-ion electrochromic batteries. Remarkably, these batteries can be charged by external voltages and self-recharged by spontaneously extracting Zn2+ , providing a new technology for practical electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizeng Li
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Liam McRae
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Curtis J Firby
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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