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Alam RM, Keating JJ. "Walking the nitrogen around the ring": Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7- azaindazole analogs of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-PINACA. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:277-297. [PMID: 34654062 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have rapidly evolved to encompass a wide range of structurally diverse new psychoactive substances (NPS), including derivatives that incorporate indole, indazole, 7-azaindole, γ-carbolinone, or carbazole heterocyclic scaffolds. The introduction of legislative measures seeking to control the availability of NPS on the recreational drug scene has likely contributed to the continued emergence of novel SCRA analogs, which often evade regulatory control. However, the detection and/or identification of azaindazole-type SCRAs in seized material has not yet been reported (September, 2021). It is plausible that SCRAs bearing a 1,3-disubstituted azaindazole scaffold may possess cannabimimetic activity, given their structural similarity with known indole, indazole, and azaindole SCRAs. In view of these antecedents, a set of four novel isomeric 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindazole analogs of the known potent indazole SCRA, MDMB-PINACA, were synthesized using a Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation strategy. The complementary use of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has permitted the spectroscopic differentiation, unambiguous structural assignment, and rapid separation of novel isomeric 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindazole analogs of the indazole SCRA, MDMB-PINACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Alam
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John J Keating
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gambouz K, El Abbouchi A, Nassiri S, Suzenet F, Bousmina M, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. "On Water" Palladium Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 1 H-Indazole and 1 H-7- Azaindazole. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122820. [PMID: 32570894 PMCID: PMC7356112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C3 direct arylation of 1H-indazole and 1H-7-azaindazole has been a significant challenge due to the lack of the reactivity at this position. In this paper, we describe a mild and an efficient synthesis of new series of C3-aryled 1H-indazoles and C3-aryled 1H-7-azaindazoles via a C3 direct arylation using water as solvent. On water, PPh3 was effective as a ligand along with a lower charge of the catalyst Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%) at 100 °C, leading to C3-aryled 1H-indazoles or C3-aryled 1H-7-azaindazoles in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Gambouz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Mohammedia, University Hassan 2, URAC 22 FSTM University Hassan II—Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco; (K.G.); (M.A.)
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Abdelmoula El Abbouchi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Sarah Nassiri
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Mostapha Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Mohammedia, University Hassan 2, URAC 22 FSTM University Hassan II—Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco; (K.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (S.E.K.); Tel.: +212-6612-99-565 (S.E.K.)
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (S.E.K.); Tel.: +212-6612-99-565 (S.E.K.)
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