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Božič K, Sedlar A, Kralj Š, Černigoj U, Štrancar A, Sekirnik R. Selective hydrophobic interaction chromatography for high purity of supercoiled DNA plasmids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1739-1749. [PMID: 38351874 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
High purity of plasmid DNA (pDNA), particularly in supercoiled isoform (SC), is used for various biopharmaceutical applications, such as a transfecting agent for production of gene therapy viral vectors, for pDNA vaccines, or as a precursor for linearized form that serves as a template for mRNA synthesis. In clinical manufacturing, pDNA is commonly extracted from Escherichia coli cells with alkaline lysis followed by anion exchange chromatography or tangential flow filtration as a capture step for pDNA. Both methods remove a high degree of host cell contaminants but are unable to generically discriminate between SC and open-circular (OC) pDNA isoforms, as well as other DNA impurities, such as genomic DNA (gDNA). Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is commonly used as polishing purification for pDNA. We developed HIC-based polishing purification methodology that is highly selective for enrichment of SC pDNA. It is generic with respect to plasmid size, scalable, and GMP compatible. The technique uses ammonium sulfate, a kosmotropic salt, at a concentration selective for SC pDNA binding to a butyl monolith column, while OC pDNA and gDNA are removed in flow-through. The approach is validated on multiple adeno-associated virus- and mRNA-encoding plasmids ranging from 3 to 12 kbp. We show good scalability to at least 300 mg of >95% SC pDNA, thus paving the way to increase the quality of genomic medicines that utilize pDNA as a key raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Božič
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Sedlar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Špela Kralj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Urh Černigoj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Rok Sekirnik
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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2
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Moreno S, Trouten-Ebert A, Richards-Waugh LL, Quiñones R. An evaluation of the cannabinoid content of the liquid and thermal degradation analysis of cannabis-labeled vape liquids. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:905-918. [PMID: 38491781 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) vape pen usage has been on the rise given the changing political and scientific climate as well as the promotion of these delivery systems as a more accessible and lower-risk option for consumers. Despite being marketed as a safer way to use cannabis, CBD vape liquids are sold without restrictions or meticulous quality control procedures such as toxicological and clinical assessment, standards for product preservation, or investigative degradation analyses. Nine CBD-labeled vape liquid samples purchased and manufactured in the United States were evaluated and assessed for cannabinoid content. Quantification and validation of cannabinoids and matrix components was accomplished using gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS) following liquid-liquid extraction with methanol. Samples degraded by temperature (analyzed by GC-MS) showed a greater disparity from the labeled CBD content compared with samples analyzed as purchased (by LC-MS/MS). Thermal degradation of the vape liquids showed increased levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Also, extended time and temperature degradation were evaluated in vape liquids by storing them for 15 months and then varying temperature conditions before analysis, which indicated CBD transformed into other cannabinoids leading to different cannabinoid content within the vape samples. Evaluation conducted on these vape liquids indicated the route of exposure, storage conditions, and length of storage could expose consumers to unintended cannabinoids and showed a concerning level of disagreement between the products' labeled cannabinoid content and the results generated by these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moreno
- Chemistry Department, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
- Forensic Science, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Rosalynn Quiñones
- Chemistry Department, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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3
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Walker SE, Chant W, Thoonen S, Tuck KL, Turner DR. Stabilization of Lantern-Type Metal-Organic Cages (MOCs) by Protective Control of Ligand Exchange Rates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400072. [PMID: 38366309 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembling systems in nature display remarkable complexity with assemblies of different sub-units to generate functional species. Synthetic analogues of such systems are a challenge, often requiring the ability to bias distributions that are under thermodynamic assembly control. Using lantern-type MOCs (metal-organic cages) as a prototypical self-assembling system, herein we explore the role that steric bulk plays in controlling the exchange rate of ligands in paddlewheel-based assemblies, and thus the stability of cages, in competitive self-assembling scenarios. The effective lifetime of the lantern-type MOCs varies over an order of magnitude depending on the steric bulk proximal to the metal nodes with lifetimes of the cages ranging from tens of minutes to several hours. The bulk of the coordinating solvents likewise reduces the rate of ligand exchange, and thus yields longer-lived species. Understanding this subtle effect has implications for controlling the stability of complex assemblies in competitive environments with implications for guest release and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - William Chant
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Shannon Thoonen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Hirano LQL, de Oliveira ALR, de Barros RF, Veloso DFMC, Lima EM, Santos ALQ, Moreno JCD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in Caiman crocodilus. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38655611 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics studies of anesthetic agents are important for understanding of the pharmacology and metabolism of anesthetic agents in reptilians. This study was designed to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intravenous dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in Caiman crocodilus. Eight caimans were anesthetized with dextroketamine (10 mg/kg; group D) or dextroketamine and midazolam (10 and 0.5 mg/kg respectively; group DM) into the occipital venous sinus. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by HPLC using a non-compartmental modeling. Serial blood samples were collected at baseline and within 15 and 30 min, and 11.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h of drug administration. Sedation status over time differed between groups. All animals in group D (8/8; 100%) showed signs of light sedation at t10. Half (4/8; 50%) of these caimans did not progress to deeper levels of sedation. In spite of light sedation at t10, animals in group DM were deeply sedated within 13.13 ± 7.04 min of anesthetic agent injection. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-48) and half-life of dextroketamine changed significantly after combination with midazolam. Even without significant changes in clearance, the almost two-fold increase in the half-life of dextroketamine suggests a slower rate of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Oklestkova J, Kvasnica M, Strnad M. Analytical Methods for Brassinosteroid Analysis: Recent Advances and Applications. Plant Cell Physiol 2024:pcae038. [PMID: 38619131 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroidal hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Accurate quantification of BRs in plant tissues is essential for understanding their biological functions. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the latest methods used for the quantification of BRs in plants. We discuss the principles, advantages, and limitations of various analytical techniques, including immunoassays, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) that are used for the detection and quantification of BRs from complex plant matrices. We also explore the use of isotopically labeled internal standards to improve the accuracy and reliability of BR quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Khan MI, Begum RA, Franková L, Fry SC. Allelochemical root-growth inhibitors in low-molecular-weight cress-seed exudate. Ann Bot 2024; 133:447-458. [PMID: 38141653 PMCID: PMC11006535 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cress seeds release allelochemicals that over-stimulate the elongation of hypocotyls of neighbouring (potentially competing) seedlings and inhibit their root growth. The hypocotyl promoter is potassium, but the root inhibitor was unidentified; its nature is investigated here. METHODS Low-molecular-weight cress-seed exudate (LCSE) from imbibed Lepidium sativum seeds was fractionated by phase partitioning, paper chromatography, high-voltage electrophoresis and gel-permeation chromatography (on Bio-Gel P-2). Fractions, compared with pure potassium salts, were bioassayed for effects on Amaranthus caudatus seedling growth in the dark for 4 days. KEY RESULTS The LCSE robustly promoted amaranth hypocotyl elongation and inhibited root growth. The hypocotyl inhibitor was non-volatile, hot acid stable, hydrophilic and resistant to incineration, as expected for K+. The root inhibitor(s) had similar properties but were organic (activity lost on incineration). The root inhibitor(s) remained in the aqueous phase (at pH 2.0, 6.5 and 9.0) when partitioned against butan-1-ol or toluene, and were thus hydrophilic. Activity was diminished after electrophoresis, but the remaining root inhibitors were neutral. They became undetectable after paper chromatography; therefore, they probably comprised multiple compounds, which separated from each other, in part, during fractionation. On gel-permeation chromatography, the root inhibitor co-eluted with hexoses. CONCLUSIONS Cress-seed allelochemicals inhibiting root growth are different from the agent (K+) that over-stimulates hypocotyl elongation and the former probably comprise a mixture of small, non-volatile, hydrophilic, organic substances. Abundant components identified chromatographically and by electrophoresis in cress-seed exudate fitting this description include glucose, fructose, sucrose and galacturonic acid. However, none of these sugars co-chromatographed and co-electrophoresed with the root-inhibitory principle of LCSE, and none of them (in pure form at naturally occurring concentrations) inhibited root growth. We conclude that the root-inhibiting allelochemicals of cress-seed exudate remain unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rifat Ara Begum
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Lenka Franková
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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AlNadhari S, Abbasova G, Al-Qahtani WH, Zengin G, Islamov S, Mammadova AO, Azad AK, Mammadova S, Jaradat N, Babayeva U, Humbatov M, Ganbarov D, Beylerli O, Beilerli A, Toker ÖS, Biturku J, Kiren I. Assessment of the botanical origin of Saudi Arabian honey samples to identify pollen with chromatographic tools and packing and storage. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5869. [PMID: 38599336 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for honey purification and authentication necessitates the global utilization of advanced processing tools. Common honey processing techniques, such as chromatography, are commonly used to assess the quality and quantity of valuable honey. In this study, 15 honey samples were authenticated using HPLC and GC-MS chromatographic methods to analyze their pollen spectrum. Various monofloral honey samples were collected, including Acacia, Hypoestes, Lavandula, Tamarix, Trifolium, and Ziziphus species, based on accurate identification by apiarists in 2023 from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Honey analysis revealed the extraction of pollen from 20 different honeybee floral species. Pollen identified from honey samples using advanced chromatographic tools revealed dominant vegetation resources: Ziziphus species (23%), Acacia species (25%), Tamarix species (34%), Lavandula species (26%), Hypoestes species (34%), and Trifolium species (31%). This study uses HPLC to extract phenolic compounds, revealing dominant protocatechuic acid (4.71 mg g-1), and GC-MS to analyze organic compounds in honey pollen. Specifically, 2-dodecanone was detected with a retention time of 7.34 min. The utilization of chromatographic tools in assessing honey samples for pollen identification provides a reliable and efficient method for determining their botanical origins, thereby contributing to the quality control and authentication of honey products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh AlNadhari
- College of Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sokhib Islamov
- Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Afat O Mammadova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | | | - Dashgin Ganbarov
- Doctor of Biological Sciences, Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- entral Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ömer Said Toker
- Food Engineering Department, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jonida Biturku
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy Sciences, Agriculture University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ifrah Kiren
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tareq FS, Singh J, Ferreira JFS, Sandhu D, Suarez DL, Luthria DL. A Targeted and an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Study the Phytochemicals of Tomato Cultivars Grown Under Different Salinity Conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7694-7706. [PMID: 38530768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of increasing the salinity of irrigation water on the metabolic content and profiles of two tomato cultivars ('Jaune Flamme' (JF) and 'Red Pear' (RP)) using targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches. Irrigation of tomato plants was performed with four different salt concentrations provided by chloride (treatment 1) and sulfate (treatment 2) salts. Targeted analysis of the methanolic extract resulted in the identification of nine major polyphenols. Among them, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and naringenin were the prominent compounds in both cultivars. In addition, the quantification of 18 free amino acids from both tomato cultivars showed that different salinity treatments significantly enhanced the levels of glutamine, glutamic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Using the untargeted metabolomic approach, we identified 129 putative metabolites encompassing a diverse array of phytochemicals including polyphenols, organic acids, lipids, sugars, and amino acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) of mass spectral data acquired under positive and negative ionization modes showed a clear separation between the two cultivars. However, only positive ionization showed separation among different salinity treatments. Unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms were applied to mine the generated data and to pinpoint metabolites different from the two cultivars. These findings suggest that different salinity conditions significantly influenced the accumulation of phytochemicals in tomato cultivars. This study will help tomato breeding programs to develop value-added tomato cultivars under varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Shahidullah Tareq
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jashbir Singh
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Donald L Suarez
- Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Shuken SR, Yu Q, Gygi SP. Inserting Pre-analytical Chromatographic Priming Runs Significantly Improves Targeted Pathway Proteomics with Sample Multiplexing. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38594897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
GoDig, a platform for targeted pathway proteomics without the need for manual assay scheduling or synthetic standards, is a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use method that uses tandem mass tags to increase sample throughput up to 18-fold relative to label-free methods. Though the protein-level success rates of GoDig are high, the peptide-level success rates are more limited, hampering assays of harder-to-quantify proteins and site-specific phenomena. To guide the optimization of GoDig assays as well as improvements to the GoDig platform, we created GoDigViewer, a new stand-alone software that provides detailed visualizations of GoDig runs. GoDigViewer guided the implementation of "priming runs," an acquisition mode with significantly higher success rates. In this mode, two or more chromatographic priming runs are automatically performed to improve the accuracy and precision of target elution orders, followed by analytical runs which quantify targets. Using priming runs, success rates exceeded 97% for a list of 400 peptide targets and 95% for a list of 200 targets that are usually not quantified using untargeted mass spectrometry. We used priming runs to establish a quantitative assay of 125 macroautophagy proteins that had a >95% success rate and revealed differences in macroautophagy expression profiles across four human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Shuken
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Hulskotte LMG, Wilbrink-Pijffers I, Arbouw MEL, Benoist GE, Jansman FGA, van Berlo-van de Laar IRF. A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantifying oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone and noroxymorphone in human plasma to support pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of oxycodone. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5874. [PMID: 38587098 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of oxycodone and metabolites in human plasma. The method has a runtime of 6 min and a sensitivity of 0.1 μg/L for all analytes. Sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation. Separation was performed on a Kinetix biphenyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm), using ammonium formate 5 mm in 0.1% aqueous formic acid and methanol LC-MS grade 100% in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. The method was linear over the calibration range of 0.1-25.0 μg/L for oxycodone, noroxycodone and noroxymorphone and 0.1-5.0 μg/L for oxymorphone. The method demonstrated good performance in terms of intra- and interday accuracy (86.5-110.3%) and precision (CV 1.7-9.3%). The criteria for the matrix effect were met (CV < 15%) except for noroxymorphone, for which an additional method was applied to compensate for the matrix effect. Whole blood samples were stable for 4 h at room temperature. Plasma samples were stable for 24 h at room temperature and 3 months at -20°C. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic drug interaction study of oxycodone and enzalutamide in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte M G Hulskotte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Deventer Teaching Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits E L Arbouw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Deventer Teaching Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Guillemette E Benoist
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Deventer Teaching Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G A Jansman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Deventer Teaching Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Liu M, Liu Y, Wang X. Discrimination between the Triglyceride Form and the Ethyl Ester Form of Fish Oil Using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2024; 13:1128. [PMID: 38611433 PMCID: PMC11012042 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the triglyceride form is the natural form of fish oil found in fish, the ethyl ester form of fish oil, which is used during processing to save costs, is also present on the market. In this study, fatty acids and lipids were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-LIT/MS), respectively, according to developed methods. The identification of fatty acids was based on the mass spectral characteristics and equivalent chain lengths. However, the fatty acid contents of both forms of fish oils are quite similar. The application of the LC-LIT/MS method for the structural characterization of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and the mechanism of LIT/MS fragmentation are also discussed. Neutral losses of CH2=CH2 (m/z 28) and CH3CH2OH (m/z 46), which are LIT/MS characteristics of ethyl ester from fish oil, were found for the first time. The triglyceride form of fish oils was easily and accurately identified using fingerprint chromatography. In conclusion, lipid analysis combined with LC-LIT/MS showed an improved capability to distinguish between types of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchong Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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Koşar M, Karatoprak GŞ, Atlı B, İlgün S, Köngül Şafak E, Öztinen N, Akçakaya Mutlu S, Ak Sakallı E. Unveiling the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Chemical Compositional Information of an Invasive Plant: Lycium ferocissimum Miers. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1035. [PMID: 38611563 PMCID: PMC11013897 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing, iron (II)-chelating), anti-inflammatory (LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cell line), and cytotoxic activities (Du145 and A549 cell lines) of raw fruit, ripe fruit and leaves of the Lycium ferocissimum species were examined. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography, p-OH benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were detected in the ethanol and water extracts. For the most active raw fruit ethanol extract, the IC50 in terms of the DPPH-scavenging activity was 0.57 mg/mL, and the ABTS inhibition percentage was 88.73% at a 3 mg/mL concentration. The raw fruit ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of viability in the Du145 cell line in the concentration range of 62.5-1000 µg/mL. Additionally, the extract effectively reduced the LPS-induced inflammation parameters (TNF-α, IFN-γ, PGE 2, and NO) at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. The biological activities of L. ferocissimum, which have been elucidated for the first time, have yielded promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müberra Koşar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Beste Atlı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Nesrin Öztinen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Sena Akçakaya Mutlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Ezgi Ak Sakallı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
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Morsi R, Ghoudi K, Ayyash MM, Jiang X, Meetani MA. Detection of 11 carbamate pesticide residues in raw and pasteurized camel milk samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Method development, method validation, and health risk assessment. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1916-1927. [PMID: 37923201 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect 11 carbamate pesticide residues in raw and pasteurized camel milk samples collected from the United Arab Emirates. A method was developed and validated by evaluating limits of detection, limits of quantitation, linearity, extraction recovery, repeatability, intermediate precision, and matrix effect. Due to the high protein and fat content in camel milk, a sample preparation step was necessary to avoid potential interference during analysis. For this purpose, 5 different liquid-liquid extraction techniques were evaluated to determine their efficiency in extracting carbamate pesticides from camel milk. The established method demonstrated high accuracy and precision. The matrix effect for all carbamate pesticides was observed to fall within the soft range, indicating its negligible effect. Remarkably, detection limits for all carbamates were as low as 0.01 μg/kg. Additionally, the coefficients of determination were >0.998, demonstrating excellent linearity. A total of 17 camel milk samples were analyzed, and only one sample was found to be free from any carbamate residues. The remaining 16 samples contained at least one carbamate residue, yet all detected concentrations were below the recommended maximum residue limits set by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union pesticide databases. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the detected levels of ethiofencarb in 3 samples were close to the borderline of the maximum residue limit. To assess the health risk for consumers of camel milk, the hazard index values of carbofuran, carbaryl, and propoxur were calculated. The hazard index values for these 3 carbamate pesticides were all below 1, indicating that camel milk consumers are not at risk from these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kilani Ghoudi
- Department of Statics, College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed M Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Mohammed A Meetani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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14
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Zapata JD, Cáceres DH, Cano LE, De Bedout C, Granada SD, Naranjo TW. Standardization and validation of a high-efficiency liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for voriconazole blood level determination. Biomedica 2024; 44:113-118. [PMID: 38648347 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A specialized service for antifungal blood level determination is not available in Colombia. This service is essential for the proper follow-up of antifungal therapies. OBJECTIVE To standardize and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector for voriconazole blood level quantification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an Agilent HPLC™ series-1200 equipment with a UVdiode array detector with an analytical column Eclipse XDB-C18 and pre-column Eclipse- XDB-C18 (Agilent). We used voriconazole as the primary control and posaconazole as an internal control. We performed the validation following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. RESULTS The best chromatographic conditions were: Column temperature of 25°C, UV variable wavelength detection at 256 nm for voriconazole and 261 nm for posaconazole (internal standard); 50 μl of injection volume, 0,8 ml/min volume flow, 10 minutes of run time, and mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (60:40). Finally, retention times were 3.13 for voriconazole and 5.16 minutes for posaconazole. Quantification range varied from 0.125 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml. CONCLUSION The selectivity and chromatographic purity of the obtained signal, the detection limits, and the standardized quantification make this method an excellent tool for the therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with voriconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Zapata
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia; Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego H Cáceres
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz E Cano
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Catalina De Bedout
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sinar D Granada
- Unidad de Fitosanidad y Control Biológico, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tonny W Naranjo
- Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia; Unidad de Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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Gavara R, Royuela S, Zamora F. A minireview on covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases in chromatography. Front Chem 2024; 12:1384025. [PMID: 38606080 PMCID: PMC11006975 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in the design of novel porous materials open new avenues for the development of chromatographic solid stationary phases. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates in this context due to their remarkable structural versatility and exceptional chemical and textural properties. In this minireview, we summarize the main strategies followed in recent years to apply these materials as stationary phases for chromatographic separations. We also comment on the perspectives of this new research field and potential directions to expand the applicability and implementation of COF stationary phases in analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gavara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Royuela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Boscolo-Berto R. Challenges and future trends of forensic toxicology to keep a cut above the rest. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2024; 33:0-0. [PMID: 38515257 DOI: 10.17219/acem/185730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Forensic toxicology faces several challenges in research and daily practice, including new drugs and futuristic technologies requiring innovative testing methods and continuous education and training of professionals. One of the most pressing issues in recent years is the emergence of novel psychoactive substances, often created by modifying the chemical structure of existing drugs to produce compounds with similar effects that are not yet regulated and lack standardized references. To overcome this challenge, forensic toxicologists have employed a range of analytical methods, including qualitative and quantitative analysis using highly sensitive technologies such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which are the most reliable and accurate methods for detecting drugs in biological samples. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is becoming the gold standard for detecting controlled substances, their derivatives and metabolites. Despite advancements in testing methods, challenges persist in forensic toxicology. As such, the field must invest in research and development to improve testing methods, utilize cutting-edge technologies, increase funding for training programs, and promote multidisciplinary interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Italy
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17
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Namkona AF, Rahmani R, Worowounga X, Syssa-Magalé JL, Matondo H, Bouajila J. Copaifera mildbraedii Desf.: Phytochemical Composition of Extracts, Essential Oil, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Bark. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:877. [PMID: 38592880 PMCID: PMC10974413 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Copaifera mildbraedii Desf. is an evergreen tree with an umbrella-like crown. It is distributed from south-eastern Nigeria eastward to the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of C. mildbraedii bark, as well as the chemical composition of the essential oil. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts showed a high total phenolic content (TPC) (149.9 and 148.8 mg GAE/g dry residue (dr), respectively), which was related to good antioxidant activity (DPPH) with an IC50 of 21.2 and 12.9 µg/mL, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed seven phenolic compounds with myricitrin (13.3 mg/g dr) and 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl benzoic acid (30.7 mg/g dr) as major compounds, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis enabled detection of 13 volatile compounds (3 before and 10 after derivatization). Thirty compounds were identified in the essential oil, which corresponds to 65% of all identified compounds. Among the latter, E,E-farnesylacetone and γ-gurjunene were considered as major compounds (8.08 and 10.43%, respectively). The EtOAc extract showed a potent potential, simultaneously, against anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), anti-xanthine oxidase (XOD), and cytotoxic (OVCAR) activities, whereas cyclohexane (CYHA) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts showed a cytotoxic effect with high percentages of inhibition (95.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel-Frederic Namkona
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118-Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.-F.N.); (X.W.); (H.M.)
- Laboratoire d’Analyse, d’Architecture et de Réactivité des Substances Naturelles (LAARSN), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Bangui, Bangui BP 908, Central African Republic;
| | - Rami Rahmani
- Laboratoire de Recherche “Biodiversité, Molécules et Applications LR22ES02”, Institut Supérieur de Biologie Appliquée, Université de Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia;
| | - Xavier Worowounga
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118-Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.-F.N.); (X.W.); (H.M.)
- Laboratoire d’Analyse, d’Architecture et de Réactivité des Substances Naturelles (LAARSN), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Bangui, Bangui BP 908, Central African Republic;
| | - Jean-Laurent Syssa-Magalé
- Laboratoire d’Analyse, d’Architecture et de Réactivité des Substances Naturelles (LAARSN), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Bangui, Bangui BP 908, Central African Republic;
| | - Hubert Matondo
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118-Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.-F.N.); (X.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118-Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.-F.N.); (X.W.); (H.M.)
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18
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Feng Y, Mahdi H, Piekarz R, Beumer JH, Synold TW. An LC-MS/MS method for determination of the bromodomain inhibitor ZEN-3694 and its metabolite ZEN-3791 in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2024. [PMID: 38497709 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed and validated a novel LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of ZEN-3694 and its active metabolite ZEN-3791 in human plasma after protein precipitation. Stable isotope-labeled versions were used as internal standards. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex C18 column using 0.1% formic acid in H2O and 0.1% formic acid in MeOH as mobile phases. Detection was performed via positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The assay exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 5-5000 ng/ml for both analytes. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were within ±11%. ZEN-3694 and ZEN-3791 recoveries were between 93 and 105%. This LC-MS/MS assay is an essential tool to study ZEN-3694 in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04840589).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haider Mahdi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences & Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Hillman Research Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Ribeiro J, Luís MÂ, Rodrigues B, Santos FM, Mesquita J, Boto R, Tomaz CT. Cryogels and Monoliths: Promising Tools for Chromatographic Purification of Nucleic Acids. Gels 2024; 10:198. [PMID: 38534616 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for highly pure biopharmaceuticals has put significant pressure on the biotechnological industry to innovate in production and purification processes. Nucleic acid purification, crucial for gene therapy and vaccine production, presents challenges due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Meeting regulatory standards necessitates large quantities of biotherapeutic agents of high purity. While conventional chromatography offers versatility and efficiency, it suffers from drawbacks like low flow rates and binding capacity, as well as high mass transfer resistance. Recent advancements in continuous beds, including monoliths and cryogel-based systems, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This review explores and evaluates the latest progress in chromatography utilizing monolithic and cryogenic supports for nucleic acid purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribeiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco  Luís
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Renato Boto
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Malekhayati H, Bargahi A, Khorami S, Khataminejad M, Fouladvand M. Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis Activity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) from the Bushehr Province, Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2024; 48:21-26. [PMID: 38449363 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.96658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the current research is to evaluate the antiparasite effects of compounds isolated from marine ascidian tunicates on Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods Ascidian tunicates after collection were cut into small pieces, freeze-dried, and powdered. The resulting material was subjected to extraction in double-distilled water, ethanol, n-hexane, and dichloromethane. To fractionate the extracts and identify the most bioactive compound, silica gel column chromatography and GC-M/S analysis were used. Results Fraction 18 of silica gel column chromatography of ethanol extract was the most effective against T. vaginalis. The respective IC50, CC50, and SI values for fraction 18 were 28.62 μg/mL, ˃800 μg/mL, and ˃27.95. GC-M/S analysis of this fraction identified a major phenolic compound (2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethyl ethyl), whose toxicity against vero cells was only 10.15%. Conclusion The ethanolic fraction containing phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), which has a potent lethality effect on T. vaginalis, may be considered as an antiparasite drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Malekhayati
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Soleiman Khorami
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khataminejad
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Moradali Fouladvand
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Attimarad M, Alali MJ, Alali HA, Alabdulmuhsin DH, Alnajdi AK, Venugopala KN, Nair AB. Design of Experimental Approach for Development of Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Process for Simultaneous Estimation of Metoprolol, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine from Formulation: Greenness and Whiteness Evaluation. Molecules 2024; 29:1087. [PMID: 38474605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of an experimental approach, the Box-Behnken design, was implemented to optimize the chromatographic condition to develop a rapid HPLC procedure for quantification of a ternary mixture of metoprolol (MET), telmisartan (TEL), and amlodipine (AML) from the formulation. The perturbation plots, contour, and 3D response surface pictures were developed to study the impact of each variable on the analytes' retention time and the probable interaction between the parameters with fewer chromatographic runs. The optimized HPLC method separated the three analytes within 5 min with excellent selectivity and peak shape on a Zorbax C18 HPLC column using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH 5.8) with isocratic elution at a 1.1 mL/min flowrate. A wavelength 230 nm was utilized to monitor the elute. The validation of proposed method demonstrated a wide linearity range of 10-200 µg/mL for MET and TEL and 5-50 µg/mL for AML along with an excellent correlation coefficient. The correctness of the HPLC approach was further confirmed by excellent recovery of the added amount of analytes utilizing the standard addition technique. The recommended HPLC approach was employed safely for quality assurance of the formulation, because the evaluation of the method's greenness and whiteness confirmed the environmentally friendly nature of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jassim Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Ali Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Hisham Alabdulmuhsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara Khalid Alnajdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Habra H, Meijer JL, Shen T, Fiehn O, Gaul DA, Fernández FM, Rempfert KR, Metz TO, Peterson KE, Evans CR, Karnovsky A. metabCombiner 2.0: Disparate Multi-Dataset Feature Alignment for LC-MS Metabolomics. Metabolites 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38393017 PMCID: PMC10891690 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), as applied to untargeted metabolomics, enables the simultaneous detection of thousands of small molecules, generating complex datasets. Alignment is a crucial step in data processing pipelines, whereby LC-MS features derived from common ions are assembled into a unified matrix amenable to further analysis. Variability in the analytical factors that influence liquid chromatography separations complicates data alignment. This is prominent when aligning data acquired in different laboratories, generated using non-identical instruments, or between batches from large-scale studies. Previously, we developed metabCombiner for aligning disparately acquired LC-MS metabolomics datasets. Here, we report significant upgrades to metabCombiner that enable the stepwise alignment of multiple untargeted LC-MS metabolomics datasets, facilitating inter-laboratory reproducibility studies. To accomplish this, a "primary" feature list is used as a template for matching compounds in "target" feature lists. We demonstrate this workflow by aligning four lipidomics datasets from core laboratories generated using each institution's in-house LC-MS instrumentation and methods. We also introduce batchCombine, an application of the metabCombiner framework for aligning experiments composed of multiple batches. metabCombiner is available as an R package on Github and Bioconductor, along with a new online version implemented as an R Shiny App.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Habra
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.S.); (O.F.)
| | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (D.A.G.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (D.A.G.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Kaitlin R. Rempfert
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (K.R.R.); (T.O.M.)
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (K.R.R.); (T.O.M.)
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles R. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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23
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Sreenivasan S, Rathore AS. Taurine, a Naturally Occurring Amino Acid, as a Physical Stability Enhancer of Different Monoclonal Antibodies. AAPS J 2024; 26:25. [PMID: 38355847 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Degradation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a major concern as it affects efficacy, shelf-life, and safety of the product. Taurine, a naturally occurring amino acid, is investigated in this study as a potential mAb stabilizer with an extensive analytical characterization to monitor product degradation. Forced degradation of trastuzumab biosimilar (mAb1)-containing samples by thermal stress for 30 min resulted in high-molecular-weight species by more than 65% in sample without taurine compared to the sample with taurine. Samples containing mAb1 without taurine also resulted in higher Z-average diameter, altered protein structure, higher hydrophobicity, and lower melting temperature compared to samples with taurine. The stabilizing effect of taurine was retained at different mAb and taurine concentrations, time, temperatures, and buffers, and at the presence of polysorbate 80 (PS80). Even the lowest taurine concentration (10 mM) considered in this study, which is in the range of taurine levels in amino acid injections, resulted in enhanced mAb stability. Taurine-containing samples resulted in 90% less hemolysis than samples containing PS80. Additionally, mAb in the presence of taurine showed enhanced stability upon subjecting to stress with light of 365 nm wavelength, combination of light and H2O2, and combination of Fe2+ and H2O2, as samples containing mAb without taurine resulted in increased degradation products by more than 50% compared to samples with taurine upon subjecting to these stresses for 60 min. In conclusion, the presence of taurine enhanced physical stability of mAb by preventing aggregate formation, and the industry can consider it as a new mAb stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Sreenivasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Amin Z, Sheikh PA, Jan I, Summuna B, Mohiddin FA. Assessment of flusilazole residues on apples: Detection, quantification and health risk implications. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5836. [PMID: 38308120 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Apple, a major fruit of temperate Himalayas, is sprayed with chemical pesticides around 12 times during the cropping season. Various systemic and contact fungicides are applied for the management of major diseases. In order to manage disease, flusilazole 40 EC is frequently used. However, excessive chemical application has been found to be detrimental for consumer safety. Keeping in view consumer safety, risk assessment, the half-life and waiting period for flusilazole 40 EC were evaluated on the Red Velox variety of apple. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method and high-performance liquid chromatography were adapted for sample processing and analysis, respectively. The recovery percentages of flusilazole at three fortification levels (0.04, 0.09 and 0.50 mg kg-1 ) were 98.85, 99.83 and 98.98%, respectively. Flusilazole at the recommended dose (80 g a.i. ha-1 ) left an initial deposit of 0.733 mg kg-1 , which dissipated by 93.45% in 60 days and was non-detectable beyond this period. Meanwhile flusilazole at double the recommended dose (160 g a.i. ha-1 ) left an initial deposit of 0.913 mg kg-1 , which dissipated by 93.43% in 70 days and was non-detectable beyond this period. Based on the maximum residue limit of 0.3 mg kg-1 as prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, a waiting period of 28.74 and 46.03 days was recorded for single and double doses, respectively. Moreover, in order to assess the consumer risk, theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRCs) were derived using flusilazole residues (average and maximum) recorded at various time intervals and compared with the maximum permissible intake, which was found to be 0.42 mg per person per day. Based on the average per capita daily consumption of 6.76 g apple in India, the TMRC values were computed. Although the values of TMRC decreased below maximum permissible intake at the first day after application, indicating minimal consumer health risks, fruits sprayed with a double dose of flusilazole carried the risk even up to the tenth day after flusilazole application. The results of the present study will be valuable for safe and timely use of flusilazole on apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Amin
- Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Parveez Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ishrat Jan
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Baby Summuna
- Directorate of Research, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Fayaz Ahmad Mohiddin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Tábuas B, Cruz Barros S, Diogo C, Cavaleiro C, Sanches Silva A. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods, Herbal Drugs, and Food Supplements: Chemistry, Metabolism, Toxicological Significance, Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Challenges for Future. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:79. [PMID: 38393157 PMCID: PMC10892171 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly seeking natural alternatives to chemical compounds, including the use of dried aromatic plants as seasonings instead of salt. However, the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in food supplements and dried plants has become a concern because of their link to liver diseases and their classification as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Despite European Union (EU) Regulation (EU) 2023/915, non-compliance issues persist, as indicated by alerts on the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) portal. Analyzing PAs poses a challenge because of their diverse chemical structures and low concentrations in these products, necessitating highly sensitive analytical methods. Despite these challenges, ongoing advancements in analytical techniques coupled with effective sampling and extraction strategies offer the potential to enhance safety measures. These developments aim to minimize consumer exposure to PAs and safeguard their health while addressing the growing demand for natural alternatives in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tábuas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (C.C.)
| | - Sílvia Cruz Barros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Catarina Diogo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (C.C.)
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (C.C.)
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (C.C.)
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), Institute of Sciences, Technologies and Agro-Environment of the University of Porto (ICETA), University of Porto, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Medina-García M, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Bagur-González MG, González-Casado A. Innovative non-targeted liquid chromatography fingerprinting approach for authenticating tigernuts under Protected Designation of Origin quality seal. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1638-1644. [PMID: 37850307 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigernut is a typical foodstuff from a specific region of Valencia (Spain) called 'L'Horta Nord', where it is commercialized under a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) as Chufa de Valencia ('Valencia's tigernut'). PDO-recognized tigernuts present unique characteristics associated with their particular production region. Increasing demand and the associated expansion of its cultivation area has made necessary an exhaustive quality control to check the geographical origin and quality seal. RESULTS In this work, a new multivariate analytical method capable of authenticating the PDO quality seal of tigernut samples was developed. Tigernut fat fraction was extracted under optimal conditions, applying the methodology of design of experiments. The analytical method combined fingerprinting methodology and chemometric tools to observe the natural grouping of samples using the exploratory analysis method and to develop classification models (partial least squares-discriminatory analysis; PLS-DA) to discriminate between two sample categories: (i) PDO tigernuts; and (ii) NON-PDO tigernuts. CONCLUSION The built PLS-DA model demonstrated 100% accuracy, high sensitivity and specificity, revealing that the tigernut fat fraction can be applied to authenticate the PDO quality seal. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Medina-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María G Bagur-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Casado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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27
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Che Hussian CHA, Leong WY. Factors affecting therapeutic protein purity and yield during chromatographic purification. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:150-158. [PMID: 37233514 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2217507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are recombinant proteins generated through recombinant DNA technology and have attracted a great deal of interest in numerous applications, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic, human and animal health, agriculture, food, and bioremediation. Producing therapeutic proteins on a large scale, mainly in the pharmaceutical industry, necessitates a cost-effective, straightforward, and adequate manufacturing process. In industry, a protein separation technique based mainly on protein characteristics and modes of chromatography will be applied to optimize the purification process. Typically, the downstream process of biopharmaceutical operations may involve multiple chromatography phases that require the use of large columns pre-packed with resins that must be inspected before use. Approximately 20% of the proteins are assumed to be lost at each purification stage during the production of biotherapeutic products. Hence, to produce a high quality product, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, the correct approach and understanding of the factors influencing purity and yield during purification are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Yie Leong
- INTI International University & Colleges, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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28
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Tsikas D. Application of the Bland-Altman and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Approaches to Study Isotope Effects in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Human Plasma, Serum and Urine Samples. Molecules 2024; 29:365. [PMID: 38257277 PMCID: PMC10818406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bland-Altman approach is one of the most widely used mathematical approaches for method comparison and analytical agreement. This work describes, for the first time, the application of Bland-Altman to study 14N/15N and 1H/2H (D) chromatographic isotope effects of endogenous analytes of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in human plasma, serum and urine samples in GC-MS. The investigated analytes included arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, dimethylamine, nitrite, nitrate and creatinine. There was a close correlation between the percentage difference of the retention times of the isotopologs of the Bland-Altman approach and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach (r = 0.8619, p = 0.0047). The results of the study suggest that the chromatographic isotope effects in GC-MS result from differences in the interaction strengths of H/D isotopes in the derivatives with the hydrophobic stationary phase of the GC column. D atoms attenuate the interaction of the skeleton of the molecules with the lipophilic GC stationary phase. Differences in isotope effects in plasma or serum and urine in GC-MS are suggested to be due to a kind of matrix effect, and this remains to be investigated in forthcoming studies using Bland-Altman and ROC approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
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29
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Medl M, Leisch F, Dürauer A, Scharl T. Explainable deep learning enhances robust and reliable real-time monitoring of a chromatographic protein A capture step. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300554. [PMID: 38385524 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The application of model-based real-time monitoring in biopharmaceutical production is a major step toward quality-by-design and the fundament for model predictive control. Data-driven models have proven to be a viable option to model bioprocesses. In the high stakes setting of biopharmaceutical manufacturing it is essential to ensure high model accuracy, robustness, and reliability. That is only possible when (i) the data used for modeling is of high quality and sufficient size, (ii) state-of-the-art modeling algorithms are employed, and (iii) the input-output mapping of the model has been characterized. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of multiple data-driven models in predicting the monoclonal antibody (mAb) concentration, double stranded DNA concentration, host cell protein concentration, and high molecular weight impurity content during elution from a protein A chromatography capture step. The models achieved high-quality predictions with a normalized root mean squared error of <4% for the mAb concentration and of ≈10% for the other process variables. Furthermore, we demonstrate how permutation/occlusion-based methods can be used to gain an understanding of dependencies learned by one of the most complex data-driven models, convolutional neural network ensembles. We observed that the models generally exhibited dependencies on correlations that agreed with first principles knowledge, thereby bolstering confidence in model reliability. Finally, we present a workflow to assess the model behavior in case of systematic measurement errors that may result from sensor fouling or failure. This study represents a major step toward improved viability of data-driven models in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Medl
- Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Leisch
- Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Dürauer
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scharl
- Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Sá AGA, House JD. Adding pulse flours to cereal-based snacks and bakery products: An overview of free asparagine quantification methods and mitigation strategies of acrylamide formation in foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13260. [PMID: 38284574 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Thermal processing techniques can lead to the formation of heat-induced toxic substances. Acrylamide is one contaminant that has received much scientific attention in recent years, and it is formed essentially during the Maillard reaction when foods rich in carbohydrates, particularly reducing sugars (glucose, fructose), and certain free amino acids, especially asparagine (ASN), are processed at high temperatures (>120°C). The highly variable free ASN concentration in raw materials makes it challenging for food businesses to keep acrylamide content below the European Commission benchmark levels, while avoiding flavor, color, and texture impacts on their products. Free ASN concentrations in crops are affected by environment, genotype, and soil fertilization, which can also influence protein content and amino acid composition. This review aims to provide an overview of free ASN and acrylamide quantification methods and mitigation strategies for acrylamide formation in foods, focusing on adding pulse flours to cereal-based snacks and bakery products. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of these mitigation strategies in minimizing acrylamide formation in plant-based products and ensuring safer and healthier food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G A Sá
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James D House
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Anokwah D, Asante-Kwatia E, Asante J, Obeng-Mensah D, Danquah CA, Amponsah IK, Ameyaw EO, Biney RP, Obese E, Oberer L, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Mensah AY. Antibacterial, Resistance Modulation, Anti-Biofilm Formation, and Efflux Pump Inhibition Properties of Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N. Halle (Celastraceae) Stem Extract and Its Constituents. Microorganisms 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 38276176 PMCID: PMC10819663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial, resistance modulation, biofilm inhibition, and efflux pump inhibition potentials of Loeseneriella africana stem extract and its constituents. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) and broth microdilution assays. The resistance modulation activity was investigated using the anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition assays. Purification of the extract was carried out by chromatographic methods, and the isolated compounds were characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry spectral data and comparison with published literature. The whole extract, methanol, ethyl acetate, and pet-ether fractions of L. africana all showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria with MICs ranging from 62.5 to 500.0 µg/mL The whole extract demonstrated resistance modulation effect through strong biofilm inhibition and efflux pump inhibition activities against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of a triterpenoid (4S,4αS,6αR,6βS,8αS,12αS,12βR,14αS,14βR)-4,4α,6β,8α,11,11,12β,14α-Octamethyloctadecahydropicene-1,3(2H,4H)-dione) and a phytosterol (β-sitosterol). These compounds showed antibacterial activity against susceptible bacteria at a MIC range of 31-125 µg/mL and potentiated the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin (at ¼ MIC of compounds) against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with modulation factors of 32 and 10, respectively. These compounds also demonstrated good anti-biofilm formation effect at a concentration range of 3-100 µg/mL, and bacterial efflux pump inhibition activity at ½ MIC and ¼ MIC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Loeseneriella africana stem bark extracts and constituents elicit considerable antibacterial, resistance modulation, and biofilm and efflux pump inhibition activities. The results justify the indigenous uses of L. africana for managing microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Jonathan Asante
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Daniel Obeng-Mensah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Cynthia Amaning Danquah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana;
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
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32
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Carvalho D, Jesus Â, Pinho C, Oliveira RF, Moreira F, Oliveira AI. Validation of an HPLC-DAD Method for Quercetin Quantification in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1736. [PMID: 38139862 PMCID: PMC10748265 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the efficacy of incorporation of quercetin in nanoparticles is crucial, both for the development and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. The validation of analytical methods for the precise quantification of quercetin is useful for the evaluation of various potential quercetin delivery systems and quercetin pharmacokinetics. This work aimed to validate a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for quercetin detection and quantification in nanoparticles. Different mobile phase conditions and detection wavelengths (254 and 368 nm) were tested, and the major validation parameters were assessed (precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, stability, and selectivity). The best peak resolution was obtained when quercetin was analyzed at 368 nm with a mobile phase of 1.5% acetic acid and a water/acetonitrile/methanol ratio of 55:40:5. Under these conditions, quercetin also eluted rapidly (retention time of 3.6 min). The method proved to be linear (R2 > 0.995), specific, and repeatable (variation coefficient between 2.4% and 6.7%) and presented intermediate precision (variation coefficient between 7.2% and 9.4%). The accuracy of the analysis ranged between 88.6% and 110.7%, and detection and quantification limits were 0.046 and 0.14 µg/mL, respectively. Quercetin solutions were more stable when stored at 4 °C than at room temperature or -20 °C. This validated method satisfied more parameters of bias assessment than most recent methods for quercetin determination and presented itself as more sensitive and efficient than general spectrophotometric methods. The method was successfully used for the analysis of quercetin incorporation in nanoparticles and will be evaluated in the future for its adequacy for the determination of quercetin in more complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Ângelo Jesus
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pinho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferraz Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Moreira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (Â.J.); (C.P.); (R.F.O.); (A.I.O.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Yoshida K, Tsunekawa Y, Kurihara K, Watanabe K, Makino-Manabe Y, Wada M, Tanaka T, Ide T, Okada T. Engineering a highly durable adeno-associated virus receptor for analytical applications. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101157. [PMID: 38152699 PMCID: PMC10751509 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a major viral vector used in gene therapy. There are multiple AAV serotypes, and many engineered AAV serotypes are developed to alter their tissue tropisms with capsid modification. The universal AAV receptor (AAVR) is an essential receptor for multiple AAV serotypes. Since most AAV serotypes used in gene therapy infect cells via interaction with AAVR, the quantification of the vector-binding ability of AAV to AAVR could be an important quality check for therapeutic AAV vectors. To enable a steady evaluation of the AAV-AAVR interaction, we created an engineered AAVR through mutagenesis. Engineered AAVR showed high durability against acid while retaining its AAV-binding activity. An affinity chromatography column with the engineered AAVR was also developed. This column enabled repeated binding and acid dissociation measurements of AAVR with various AAV serotypes. Our data showed that the binding affinities of AAV2 to AAVR were diverse among serotypes, providing insight into the relationship with the infection efficiency of AAV vectors. Thus, this affinity column can be used in process development for quality checks, quantitating capsid titers, and affinity purification of AAV vectors. Furthermore, this column may serve as a useful tool in novel AAV vector capsid engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsunekawa
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kento Kurihara
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Yuriko Makino-Manabe
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Mikako Wada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Ide
- Tosoh Corporation, Life Science Research Laboratory, 2743-1, Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Akoonjee A, Lanrewaju AA, Balogun FO, Makunga NP, Sabiu S. Waste to Medicine: Evidence from Computational Studies on the Modulatory Role of Corn Silk on the Therapeutic Targets Implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1509. [PMID: 38132335 PMCID: PMC10740667 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and/or defective insulin production in the human body. Although the antidiabetic action of corn silk (CS) is well-established, the understanding of the mechanism of action (MoA) behind this potential is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the MoA in different samples (raw and three extracts: aqueous, hydro-ethanolic, and ethanolic) as a therapeutic agent for the management of T2DM using metabolomic profiling and computational techniques. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UP-LCMS), in silico techniques, and density functional theory were used for compound identification and to predict the MoA. A total of 110 out of the 128 identified secondary metabolites passed the Lipinski's rule of five. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed the cAMP pathway as the hub signaling pathway, in which ADORA1, HCAR2, and GABBR1 were identified as the key target genes implicated in the pathway. Since gallicynoic acid (-48.74 kcal/mol), dodecanedioc acid (-34.53 kcal/mol), and tetradecanedioc acid (-36.80 kcal/mol) interacted well with ADORA1, HCAR2, and GABBR1, respectively, and are thermodynamically stable in their formed compatible complexes, according to the post-molecular dynamics simulation results, they are suggested as potential drug candidates for T2DM therapy via the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Akoonjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.A.); (A.A.L.); (F.O.B.)
| | - Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.A.); (A.A.L.); (F.O.B.)
| | - Fatai Oladunni Balogun
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.A.); (A.A.L.); (F.O.B.)
| | - Nokwanda Pearl Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.A.); (A.A.L.); (F.O.B.)
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Claro Gomes WP, Gonçalves Bortoleto G, Melchert WR. Spectrophotometry and chromatography analyses combined with chemometrics tools to differentiate green coffee beans into special or traditional. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5012-5025. [PMID: 37889097 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Green coffee is the hulled coffee bean, rich in chemical compounds indicative of quality before roasting, making the classification special or traditional. This work aimed to determine compounds in green coffee beans and find the differentiation of green coffee beans into special or traditional ones through chemometrics. For that, the levels of phenolic compounds, reducing, nonreducing, and total sugars were quantified by spectrophotometry: caffeine, trigonelline, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 3-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and nicotinic acids (NAs) by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV-Vis; acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and isoamyl by HS-GC-FID. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate green coffee beans through the levels obtained in spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. Statistically, the contents of total phenolic compounds, caffeine, nonreducing sugars, total sugars, NA, 5-HMF, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethanol/methanol showed significant differences. The PCA made it possible to classify green coffee beans into special and traditional, in addition to understanding the attributes that influenced the differentiation between coffees. In addition, it was possible to classify green coffee beans into special and traditional, either using all parameters evaluated or only using spectrophotometric analyses. In this way, some advantages allow classification without using a trained and experienced evaluator as their previous experience can influence the results due to their expertise in a certain type of coffee, in addition to being faster and cheaper, especially regarding spectrophotometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele Gonçalves Bortoleto
- State Center of Technological Education "Paula Souza", Technology College of Piracicaba "Dep. Roque Trevisan", Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanessa R Melchert
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Novotna T, Sitarova B, Hoskova Z, Vaibarova V, Dzuman Z, Hajslova J, Skupien V, Svobodova Z. Tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning in a dog: A case report. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:483-489. [PMID: 38303997 PMCID: PMC10828776 DOI: 10.17221/82/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
An eleven-year-old Pit Bull Terrier was presented to the veterinary practice with an acute onset of whole-body seizures. The clinical signs developed in a garden where the dog was kept that morning. There was a suspicion of tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning by compost as the dog had vomited parts of compost right before the onset of the seizures and there was a pile of compost located in the garden. The dog underwent immediate decontamination following supportive treatment and recovered fully within 24 h of intensive care. The samples of the vomit and parts of the compost were cultivated. In the sample of the vomit, Penicillium sp. was found. Subsequently, tremorgenic mycotoxins paxilline, penitrem A and roquefortine C were determined chromatographically at significant concentrations in the vomit and a growth medium with cultivated Penicillium sp. The aim of this work is to describe the complex therapeutic and diagnostic approach to the patient with a suspected tremorgenic mycotoxin poisoning where a combination of mycological and chromatographic analyses was used to confirm the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of canine tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in the Czech Republic and the first reported case of paxilline poisoning in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Novotna
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- DRAVET, Veterinary Clinic, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zlata Hoskova
- Veterinary Clinic with Emergency Service MVDr. Lubomír Hošek, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Vaibarova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Dzuman
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skupien
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ramos Santos Junior WJ, Gomes NC, Brandão da Costa BR, Caleffo Piva Bigão VL, De Martinis BS. Quality control of psychoactive substances in human breastmilk samples from a human milk bank by disposable pipette extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1473-1487. [PMID: 38031711 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of data regarding infant exposure to drugs of abuse consumed by lactating mothers has become a major health concern. Investigating psychoactive substances and their metabolites in breastmilk is an analytical approach to estimate the rate at which drugs of abuse are excreted and how much infants are exposed to them. In this study, we have developed and validated a GC-MS method using disposable pipette tips for simultaneously extracting ten analytes from breastmilk samples obtained from a milk bank in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. All the 67 analyzed samples tested negative for all the analytes. This is the first study that has applied disposable pipette extraction to analyze drugs of abuse in breastmilk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson J Ramos Santos Junior
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayna C Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Caleffo Piva Bigão
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Closset M, Onorati S, Colsoul ML, Goderniaux N, Bihin B, Jamart J, Soumoy L, Hecq JD, Odou P, Galanti L. Long-term physicochemical stability of 5-fluorouracil at selected standardised rounded doses in polyolefin bags. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1878-1883. [PMID: 36718964 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231152618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy doses are usually prescribed on the basis of body surface area but dose banding is emerging as an efficient alternative. Dose banding presents the possibility of in-advance preparation in a Centralized Intravenous Admixture Service. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the long-term stability of 5-fluorouracil at banded doses (700 mg and 800 mg) in polyolefin bags. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten polyolefin bags were prepared under aseptic conditions and stored at 23 ± 2°C for 24 days. Five of them were composed of 14 mL 5-fluorocuracil (700 g) in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution and the five other of 16 mL 5-fluorouracil (800 mg) in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution. At defined times, physical stability parameters were assessed: optical densities, pH measurements, visual and microscopical inspections. Solutions concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. RESULTS No change was observed on pH and optical density measurements during the study period. Visual and microscopical inspections remained free of colour change, precipitate, microagregate or crystal. The concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil in 800 mg bags remained stable for 24 days while the concentration in 700 mg bags showed a stability of at least 17 days. CONCLUSION Five-fluorouracil at banded doses of 700 and 800 mg in polyolefin bags is physicochemically stable for at least 17 days at 23 ± 2°C. These results support the possibility of in advance centralised preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Closset
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | - Marie-Lise Colsoul
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Goderniaux
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Benoît Bihin
- Scientific Support Unit, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jamart
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Laura Soumoy
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean-Daniel Hecq
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Pascal Odou
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, ULR7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Galanti
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
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Leskovec M, Raspor A, Fujs V, Mihevc A, Štrancar A. Preferential exclusion chromatography as a capture step for extracellular AAV harvest from adherent and suspension productions. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1934-1942. [PMID: 37599280 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Preferential exclusion chromatography (PXC) sometimes described as hydrophobic interaction chromatography is a well-known, but not widely used technique for purification of Adeno-associated viruses. It employs high molarity of preferentially excluded cosolvent (salt in our case). The downside of this method is that high molarity of salt can lead to aggregation and precipitation of different compounds from the sample. In the case of viruses that are excreted to medium, the concentration of impurities is much lower compared to cell lysates, and PXC can be used as a first chromatographic, serotype independent step to concentrate and purify adeno-associated virus (AAV). Here, we explored PXC for adherent and suspension harvests using monolithic chromatographic columns (CIMmultus). Suspension extracellular adeno-associated virus, serotype 9 (AAV9) harvest had more impurities compared to adherent harvest, therefore it required higher input regarding method development. Final conditions for suspension harvest included higher molarity of binding salt and using more open channel format of chromatographic column (6 µm channel size). Vector genome analysis with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) revealed 84% and 97% recovery for suspension and adherent AAV9 harvest, respectively. After PXC capture step, adherent AAV9 was purified by already described ion exchange techniques. Overall process vector genome recovery, from clarified harvest to anion exchange elution fraction, was 54% measured by ddPCR. Residual host cell DNA was measured at 40 ng per 1E13 vector genome, and empty AAV was below 5% in final anion exchange chromatography fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Leskovec
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Raspor
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Fujs
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Mihevc
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Hou W, Niu H, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu C. In-depth analysis of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors of Cicer arietinum L.-based receptor-ligand affinity coupled with complex chromatography. Phytochem Anal 2023; 34:997-1008. [PMID: 37518935 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cicer arietinum L. is the choice of health food for people with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. As an essential source of high-nutrition legumes, it is also an important source of dietary isoflavones. OBJECTIVES In order to improve the preparation efficiency of natural plants, a rapid biological activity screening and preparation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from C. arietinum L. was established. METHODS Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors were rapidly screened using ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) based on receptor-ligand affinity. The change in XOD activity was evaluated by enzymatic reaction kinetics measurement. The potential bioactive compounds were verified through molecular docking. In addition, the biological activity of ligands screened was separated and purified by complex chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Three active ingredients, namely daidzin, daidzein, calycosin with XOD binding affinities were identified and isolated from the raw plant materials via semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 0-60 min, 5-50% B and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) (ethyl acetate/acetic acid/water [5:0.8:10, v/v/v]). CONCLUSION This study will help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of natural plants of interest at the molecular level and could also provide more opportunities for the discovery and development of new nutritional value from other natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Hou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huazhou Niu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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Rahmani R, Debouba M, Aydi SS, Aydi S, Bouajila J. Comparative Analysis of Organic Extracts Bioactivity from Two Limonium. Mill Species Growing Wild in Tunisian Salty Marshes. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301177. [PMID: 37926684 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Limonium. Mill is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Plumbaginaceae family. The present study aimed to compare two Limonium species (L. pruinosum Kuntze and L. tunetanum (Barratte & Bonnet) Maire) in terms of their chemical composition and bioactivity. Chemical profiling showed that the methanolic (MeOH) extracts of both species were the most enriched with total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents. The TFC were higher in L. tunetanum compared to L. pruinosum. HPLC-DAD analysis showed that distinctly the gallic acid and L-tyrosine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin were the main compounds for L. pruinosum and L. tunetanum, respectively. For both Limonium. Mil species, the MeOH extracts displayed the highest antioxidant with IC50 of 7.7 and 8.4 μg/mL for L. pruinosum and L. tunetanum, respectively. The highest anti-15-lipoxygnase activity was recorded in the ethyl acetate (IC50 =14.2 μg/mL) and Methanol (IC50 =15.6 μg/mL) extracts for L. pruinosum. However, for L. tunetanum the best activity was recorded for dichloromethane extract (IC50 =10.4 μg/mL). L. pruinosum extracts displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to L. tunetanum ones. The obtained bioactivity discrepancy between Limonium. Mill species was discussed in relation to the organic extract chemical richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Rahmani
- Laboratoire de recherche Biodiversité, Molécules et Applications LR22ES02, Institut supérieur de biologie appliquée, Université de Gabés, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Debouba
- Laboratoire de recherche Biodiversité, Molécules et Applications LR22ES02, Institut supérieur de biologie appliquée, Université de Gabés, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Sassi Aydi
- Laboratory of biodiversity and valorisation of bioresources in arid zones. Faculty of Sciences at the University of Gabes, Zrig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Samir Aydi
- Laboratory of biodiversity and valorisation of bioresources in arid zones. Faculty of Sciences at the University of Gabes, Zrig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INPT, UPS, France
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42
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Bažec K, Krašna M, Mihevc A, Leskovec M, Štrancar A, Tajnik Sbaizero M. Optimization of rAAV capture step purification using SO3 monolith chromatography. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1943-1952. [PMID: 37603380 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are crucial tools for gene therapy applications. As AAVs are administered in vivo, stringent purity requirements must be met, necessitating the development of various downstream processing strategies in accordance with regulatory guidelines. In this context, we focus on the non-affinity serotype-independent recombinant AAV (rAAV) capture step, which involves the use of Convective Interaction Media (CIM) cation-exchange SO3 monoliths. We analyzed differentially pretreated viral samples obtained from the Sf9 cell line and applied these samples to the capture SO3 chromatography step. We conducted screening experiments using CIM SO3 0.05 mL monolithic 96-well plates with buffers of varying pH, sodium chloride concentrations, and the inclusion of poloxamer 188, aiming to select the optimal binding mobile phase. Dynamic binding capacity was defined for different pretreatments and the optimal conditions were subsequently retested using the industrial purification CIMmultus line. The results demonstrated a high overall vector recovery (51%) and a significant reduction in impurities (99.98% for protein reduction and 99.25% for DNA reduction) using the selected capture step parameters, thereby confirming the successful optimization of the rAAV capture step in the downstream process using monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Bažec
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Krašna
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Mihevc
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leskovec
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Tajnik Sbaizero
- Process Development for Viral Vectors and Vaccines, Sartorius BIA Separations, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Megušar P, Miklavčič R, Korenč M, Ličen J, Vodopivec T, Černigoj U, Štrancar A, Sekirnik R. Scalable multimodal weak anion exchange chromatographic purification for stable mRNA drug substance. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1978-1988. [PMID: 37828276 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a modality with immense therapeutic potential. Recent innovations in production process of mRNA call for procedures to isolate pure mRNA drug substance (DS) with high yield, high capacity, scalability, and compatibility with GMP production systems. Novel RNA modalities, such as circular RNA (circRNA), have further driven the need for non-affinity capture possibilities which are already widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry, for example, in monoclonal antibody processing. The principle that multimodal ion exchange/hydrogen bonding chromatography can be used to separate mRNA from in vitro transcription components has recently been demonstrated. Here, we apply and refine this approach to be suitable for scalable purification of multiple mRNA constructs with sufficient yields, purity, and stability, for use in mRNA production process. Binding capacity of the PrimaS-modified monolithic chromatographic column for mRNA enabled up to 7 mg/mL product isolation in a single chromatographic run, with 98% recovery and room temperature stability of the eGFP mRNA demonstrated for up to 28 days. This approach is independent of construct size or the presence of polyadenylic acid tail and is applicable for capture of a wide variety of RNAs, including mRNA, self-amplifying RNA, circRNA, and with optimization also smaller RNAs such as transfer RNA and others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rok Miklavčič
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Korenč
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Jure Ličen
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Urh Černigoj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Rok Sekirnik
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Upadyshev M, Ivanova B, Motyleva S. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Metabolites after Magnetic-Pulse Treatment of Infected Pyrus communis L. Microplants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16776. [PMID: 38069098 PMCID: PMC10705910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The major goal of this study is to create a venue for further work on the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on plant metabolism. It deals with metabolite synthesis in the aforementioned conditions in microplants of Pyrus communis L. So far, there have been glimpses into the governing factors of plant biochemistry in vivo, and low-frequency pulsed magnestatic fields have been shown to induce additional electric currents in plant tissues, thus perturbing the value of cell membrane potential and causing the biosynthesis of new metabolites. In this study, sixty-seven metabolites synthesized in microplants within 3-72 h after treatment were identified and annotated. In total, thirty-one metabolites were produced. Magnetic-pulse treatment caused an 8.75-fold increase in the concentration of chlorogenic acid (RT = 8.33 ± 0.0197 min) in tissues and the perturbation of phenolic composition. Aucubin, which has antiviral and antistress biological activity, was identified as well. This study sheds light on the effect of magnetic fields on the biochemistry of low-molecular-weight metabolites of pear plants in vitro, thus providing in-depth metabolite analysis under optimized synthetic conditions. This study utilized high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, metabolomics methods, stochastic dynamics mass spectrometry, quantum chemistry, and chemometrics, respectively. Stochastic dynamics uses the relationships between measurands and molecular structures of silylated carbohydrates, showing virtually identical mass spectra and comparable chemometrics parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Upadyshev
- Laboratory of Virology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127422 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Motyleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops”, Molodezhnaya Str. 10, 302502 Oryol, Russia
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Abualhasan M, Jaradat N, Hawash M, Shraim N, Asaad M, Mousa A, Mousa Z, Tobeh R, Mlitat B. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220767. [PMID: 38027225 PMCID: PMC10668110 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a plant that has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. Turmeric has a long history of use in both food and traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, cancer, flatulence, and dyspepsia. In Palestine, this plant was cultivated for the first time. The objective of this study was to characterize the extract of C. longa and assess its antimutagenic activity against a variety of cancer cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were employed to identify the constituents of turmeric. The cytotoxic effects of C. longa were evaluated on cancer and normal cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. The results revealed the presence of 10 components in turmeric extract as identified by GC-MS. The major constituents comprising 78% of the total constituents were α-zingiberene (27.51%), tumeron (19.44%), β-sesquiphellandrene (19.40%), and aromatic-tumeron (11.63%). HPLC analysis successfully separated the main constituent, curcumin (1.78%), along with two other curcumin derivatives. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated potent anticancer activity of the C. longa extract against HeLa and LX2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 46.84 ± 2.12 and 29.77 ± 1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract at a concentration of 250 µg/mL exhibited over 95% inhibition against all tested cancer cell lines. These findings highlight the promising potential of turmeric as a natural source with powerful anticancer activities. Moreover, the extract may possess other biological activities such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which could be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Naser Shraim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Asaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Zain Mousa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Reem Tobeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Balsam Mlitat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Carvalho D, Pinho C, Oliveira R, Moreira F, Oliveira AI. Chromatographic Methods Developed for the Quantification of Quercetin Extracted from Natural Sources: Systematic Review of Published Studies from 2018 to 2022. Molecules 2023; 28:7714. [PMID: 38067447 PMCID: PMC10708206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE) is the most widely used flavonoid for therapeutic purposes. To improve the available knowledge about the properties of some natural products, determining the amount of QUE is crucial. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the analytical methods validated for detecting and quantifying QUE in different matrices and characterize their sensitivity. A search was conducted until 30 June 2023 in the PubMed database for experimental studies that addressed the validation of chromatographic analytical methods to detect and quantify QUE from consumable natural products. Only studies published between 2018 and 2022, written in English, were included. The risk of bias was assessed by emphasizing methods of comparison according to previously published studies. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the obtained results. The studies were analyzed based on the type of QUE source, chromatographic method, and validation parameters. A total of 17 studies were included in this review. Plants were the most commonly analyzed source of QUE. Among the detection methods, spectrophotometry proved to be the most widely used, surpassing mass spectrometry (MS). After analyzing the bias, all the included studies mentioned/presented, totally or partially, at least four of the eight parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.P.); (R.O.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Cláudia Pinho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.P.); (R.O.); (A.I.O.)
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.P.); (R.O.); (A.I.O.)
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Moreira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.P.); (R.O.); (A.I.O.)
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.P.); (R.O.); (A.I.O.)
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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47
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Gerstweiler L, Schad P, Trunzer T, Enghauser L, Mayr M, Billakanti J. Model based process optimization of an industrial chromatographic process for separation of lactoferrin from bovine milk. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464428. [PMID: 37797420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Model based process development using predictive mechanistic models is a powerful tool for in-silico downstream process development. It allows to obtain a thorough understanding of the process reducing experimental effort. While in pharma industry, mechanistic modeling becomes more common in the last years, it is rarely applied in food industry. This case study investigates risk ranking and possible optimization of the industrial process of purifying lactoferrin from bovine milk using SP Sepharose Big Beads with a resin particle diameter of 200 µm, based on a minimal number of lab-scale experiments combining traditional scale-down experiments with mechanistic modeling. Depending on the location and season, process water pH and the composition of raw milk can vary, posing a challenge for highly efficient process development. A predictive model based on the general rate model with steric mass action binding, extended for pH dependence, was calibrated to describe the elution behavior of lactoferrin and main impurities. The gained model was evaluated against changes in flow rate, step elution conditions, and higher loading and showed excellent agreement with the observed experimental data. The model was then used to investigate the critical process parameters, such as water pH, conductivity of elution steps, and flow rate, on process performance and purity. It was found that the elution behavior of lactoferrin is relatively consistent over the pH range of 5.5 to 7.6, while the elution behavior of the main impurities varies greatly with elution pH. As a result, a significant loss in lactoferrin is unavoidable to achieve desired purities at pH levels below pH 6.0. Optimal process parameters were identified to reduce water and salt consumption and increase purity, depending on water pH and raw milk composition. The optimal conductivity for impurity removal in a low conductivity elution step was found to be 43 mS/cm, while a conductivity of 95 mS/cm leads to the lowest overall salt usage during lactoferrin elution. Further increasing the conductivity during lactoferrin elution can only slightly lower the elution volume thus can also lead to higher total salt usage. Low flow rates during elution of 0.2 column volume per minute are beneficial compared to higher flow rates of 1 column volume per minute. The, on lab-scale, calibrated model allows predicting elution volume and impurity removal for large-scale experiments in a commercial plant processing over 106 liters of milk per day. The successful model extrapolation was possible without recalibration or detailed knowledge of the manufacturing plant. This study therefore provides a possible pathway for rapid process development of chromatographic purification in the food industries combining traditional scale-down experiments with mechanistic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gerstweiler
- The University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 5000 Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Tatjana Trunzer
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Germany GmbH, R&D, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lena Enghauser
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Germany GmbH, R&D, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Max Mayr
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jagan Billakanti
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Australia Pty Ltd, Level 11, 32 Phillip St, Parramatta, NSW 2150
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48
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Atila Karaca S, Temel T, Yeniceli Uğur D. Development of a sensitive and quantitative HPLC-FLD method for the determination of obestatin in human plasma. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3511. [PMID: 37161648 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Obestatin is a gastrointestinal system peptide. The quantification of this peptide is conventionally performed using immunological techniques. In this study, a selective and sensitive HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection for the quantitation of obestatin in human plasma was developed and validated. The separation was obtained on a C18 (4.6 × 100 mm, 3.5-μm particles) column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water, both including 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The developed method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 20 to 1000 ng/mL, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9982. The precision results were less than 10%, and the accuracy results were between 92% and 107%. The detection and quantification limit values were obtained as 2.8 and 9.4 ng/mL, respectively. Analyte solutions were found stable for 24 h at room temperature, three freeze-thaw cycles, and 2 weeks at -20°C. The developed method was successfully used for the quantification of obestatin in human plasma samples. In conclusion, the developed method is sensitive and specific for measuring the plasma concentrations of obestatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Atila Karaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Temel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yeniceli Uğur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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49
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Crawford SA, Groegler J, Dang M, Michel C, Powell RL, Hohenstein AC, Reyes K, Haskins K, Wiles TA, Delong T. Hybrid insulin peptide isomers spontaneously form in pancreatic beta-cells from an aspartic anhydride intermediate. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105264. [PMID: 37734557 PMCID: PMC10590738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) form in beta-cells when insulin fragments link to other peptides through a peptide bond. HIPs contain nongenomic amino acid sequences and have been identified as targets for autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes. A subgroup of HIPs, in which N-terminal amine groups of various peptides are linked to aspartic acid residues of insulin C-peptide, was detected through mass spectrometry in pancreatic islets. Here, we investigate a novel mechanism that leads to the formation of these HIPs in human and murine islets. Our research herein shows that these HIPs form spontaneously in beta-cells through a mechanism involving an aspartic anhydride intermediate. This mechanism leads to the formation of a regular HIP containing a standard peptide bond as well as a HIP-isomer containing an isopeptide bond by linkage to the carboxylic acid side chain of the aspartic acid residue. We used mass spectrometric analyses to confirm the presence of both HIP isomers in islets, thereby validating the occurrence of this novel reaction mechanism in beta-cells. The spontaneous formation of new peptide bonds within cells may lead to the development of neoepitopes that contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes as well as other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason Groegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mylinh Dang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cole Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roger L Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anita C Hohenstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaitlin Reyes
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A Wiles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Delong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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50
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Dos Santos ECF, Andrade de Lima JM, Barbosa Machado JC, Assunção Ferreira MR, Lira Soares LA. Validation of stability-indicating LC method, degradation study, and impact on antioxidant and antifungal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaves extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5723. [PMID: 37581307 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the stability-indicating capacity of an analytical method for Eugenia uniflora, enhance understanding of the stability of myricitrin, and assess the effect of degradation of spray-dried extract (SDE) on antioxidant and antifungal activities. Validation of the stability-indicating method was carried out through a forced degradation study of SDE and standard myricitrin. The antioxidant and antifungal activities of SDE were evaluated both before and after degradation. The quantification method described was found to be both accurate and precise in measuring myricitrin levels in SDE from E. uniflora, with excellent selectivity that confirmed its stability-indicating capability. The forced degradation study revealed that the marker myricitrin is sensitive to hydrolysis, but generally stable under other stress conditions. By contrast, the standard myricitrin displayed greater susceptibility to degradation under forced degradation conditions. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of SDE before and after degradation showed a negative impact in this activity due to degradation, while no significant effect was observed on antifungal activity. The method described can be a valuable tool in the quality control of E. uniflora, and the findings can assist in determining the optimal conditions and storage of products derived from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelyn Cintya Felipe Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Morais Andrade de Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla Barbosa Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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