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Daniele-Silva A, Parente AMES, de Sousa Ferreira S, Pontes da Silva D, Torres-Rêgo M, Cavalcanti FF, Assunção Ferreira MR, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M, Lira Soares LA. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiophidic effects of the extract and fraction of Eugenia uniflora. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117223. [PMID: 37748636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eugenia uniflora Linn, popularly known as 'pitanga', is a native plant endemic to Brazil that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. Its traditional use (leaves infusion) has been reported for the treatment of different diseases, including hypertension, inflammation, and as a diuretic agent. Considering the snakebite problem and the rich molecule repertoire of this herbal species, studies that evaluate its antiophidic potential are relevant for a broad social impact. AIM OF THE STUDY This approach aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiophidic potential in vitro and in vivo of the extract (aqueous) and a fraction (ethyl acetate) of E. uniflora leaves against Bothrops leucurus and Bothrops brazili venoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extract and fraction from E. uniflora leaves were obtained by turbo-extraction and partitioning. The cytotoxicity was assayed on normal cell lines (Vero E6 and 3T3) using the 3-methyl-[4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract was analyzed in vivo in the zymosan-induced air pouch model, and the leukocytes migration and other molecular inflammatory mediators quantified (myeloperoxidase, total protein, pro-inflammatory cytokine, malondialdehyde, and glutathione). In vitro, the antiophidic effect was evaluated by the ability of the E. uniflora extract and fraction to inhibit the enzymatic action (proteolytic, phospholipase A2, and hyaluronidase) of B. leucurus and B. brazili venoms. In addition, the antiophidic action in vivo was investigated after treatment with E. uniflora extract and fraction (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) in the B. leucurus venom-induced paw edema with an evaluation of the antiedematogenic effect and quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. RESULTS The E. uniflora leaves extract (7.8-125 mg/mL) revealed no toxicity in cell culture, but reduced MTT by 47% at the highest concentration (250 mg/mL) in Vero E6 cells. In contrast, the E. uniflora fraction (7.8-250 mg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity for both cell lines. In the air pouch model, E. uniflora leaves extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, reducing cell migration, MPO activity, protein, malondialdehyde, and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased glutathione levels. Evaluating the antiophidic action in vitro, E. uniflora extract and fraction inhibited the proteolytic, phospholipase, and hyaluronidase effects of B. leucurus and B. brazili venoms at low concentrations. In addition, the extract and fraction also demonstrated in vivo antiophidic activity by reducing edema in the first 0.5 h after treatment, besides reducing MPO and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. CONCLUSION E. uniflora leaves extract showed cytotoxicity only at the highest concentration while the fraction revealed no toxic effect in vitro. This approach showed for the first time that the aqueous extract and ethyl acetate fraction of E. uniflora leaves has similar antiophidic action in vitro and in vivo, with antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to inhibit the enzymatic action of B. leucurus and B. brazili venoms. Therefore, this study points to the presence of bioactive components in the leaves of E. uniflora useful for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and ophidian accidents, expanding the therapeutic potential of this herbal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Marina E Silva Parente
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Sousa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Diana Pontes da Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Felipe França Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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G de Oliveira FM, Rodrigues Pereira de Oliveira Borlot J, Kitagawa RR, Gonçalves RDCR, Batista de Oliveira Filpo RC, Kuster RM. Characterization of phenolic compounds in Eugenia uniflora leaves by ESI(-) FT-ICR MS, analysis of cytotoxic activity on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells), and anti- Helicobacter pylori activity. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37975557 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2276390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Eugenia uniflora leaves are a source of flavonoids and ellagitannins, and the Brazilian population uses them to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to determine if the ethanol extract and other derivatives are effective cytotoxic agents against gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells) and anti-H. pylori agent, its chemical composition, and mass spectrometry characterization of the more abundant compounds. The results were compared with the literature. The aqueous fraction, rich in Oenothein B and Gemin D/Hippomanin A, showed anti-H. pylori activity and higher cytotoxicity on AGS cells compared to the other samples analysed. Furthermore, the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS characterized the more abundant phenolic compounds, including Quinic Acid, Myricitrin, Gemin D/Hippomanin A, and Oenothein. Therefore, the activity of the ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction for gastric cancer and against H-pylori seems to originate from the antiproliferative and bacteriostatic effects of tannins and flavonoids.
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Dos Santos ECF, Andrade de Lima JM, Barbosa Machado JC, Assunção Ferreira MR, Lira Soares LA. Validation of stability-indicating LC method, degradation study, and impact on antioxidant and antifungal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaves extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5723. [PMID: 37581307 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the stability-indicating capacity of an analytical method for Eugenia uniflora, enhance understanding of the stability of myricitrin, and assess the effect of degradation of spray-dried extract (SDE) on antioxidant and antifungal activities. Validation of the stability-indicating method was carried out through a forced degradation study of SDE and standard myricitrin. The antioxidant and antifungal activities of SDE were evaluated both before and after degradation. The quantification method described was found to be both accurate and precise in measuring myricitrin levels in SDE from E. uniflora, with excellent selectivity that confirmed its stability-indicating capability. The forced degradation study revealed that the marker myricitrin is sensitive to hydrolysis, but generally stable under other stress conditions. By contrast, the standard myricitrin displayed greater susceptibility to degradation under forced degradation conditions. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of SDE before and after degradation showed a negative impact in this activity due to degradation, while no significant effect was observed on antifungal activity. The method described can be a valuable tool in the quality control of E. uniflora, and the findings can assist in determining the optimal conditions and storage of products derived from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelyn Cintya Felipe Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Morais Andrade de Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla Barbosa Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Paiva YF, Figueirêdo RMFD, Queiroz AJDM, Santos FSD, Amadeu LTS, Lima AGBD, Lima TLBD, Silva WPD, Moura HV, Silva ETDV, Costa CC, Galdino PO, Gomes JP, Leão DAS. Maltodextrin as a Drying Adjuvant in the Lyophilization of Tropical Red Fruit Blend. Molecules 2023; 28:6596. [PMID: 37764372 PMCID: PMC10535120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Guava, pitanga and acerola are known for their vitamin content and high levels of bioactive compounds. Thus, the preparation of combinations of these fruits comprises a blend with high nutraceutical potential, yielding a strong and attractive pigmentation material. In this study, the influence of different proportions of maltodextrin on the lyophilization of a blend of guava, acerola and pitanga was evaluated considering not only the physicochemical, physical and colorimetric parameters but also the bioactive compounds in the obtained powders. The blend was formulated from the mixture and homogenization of the three pulps in a ratio of 1:1:1 (m/m), then maltodextrin was added to the blend, resulting in four formulations: blend without adjuvant (BL0), and the others containing 10% (BL10), 20% (BL20) and 30% (BL30) maltodextrin. The formulations were lyophilized and disintegrated to obtain powders. The powders were characterized in terms of water content, water activity, pH, total titratable acidity, ash, total and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, lycopene, color parameters, Hausner factor, Carr index, angle of repose, solubility, wettability and porosity. All evaluated powders showed high levels of bioactive compounds and the increase in maltodextrin concentration promoted positive effects, such as reductions in water content, water activity and porosity and improved flow, cohesiveness and solubility characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva
- Science and Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wilton Pereira da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Valentim Moura
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | - Caciana Cavalcanti Costa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Plúvia Oliveira Galdino
- Unit of Food Technology Academic, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal 58840-000, Brazil
| | - Josivanda Palmeira Gomes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
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Paiva YF, Figueirêdo RMFD, Queiroz AJDM, Amadeu LTS, Reis CGD, Santos FSD, Lima AGBD, Silva WPD, Gomes JP, Leite DDDF, Lima TLBD. Tropical Red Fruit Blend Foam Mat Drying: Effect of Combination of Additives and Drying Temperatures. Foods 2023; 12:2508. [PMID: 37444246 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foam mat drying is a widely used technique for liquid products because it has a number of advantages; however, for an efficient process, the choice of additives and temperatures is extremely important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of additives and drying temperatures on the powders obtained from the blend of tropical red fruits, such as acerola, guava, and pitanga. The foam formulations were prepared by mixing the pulps of the three fruits in equal proportions (1:1:1), all added with 6% albumin and 1% stabilizing agent: E1, gum Arabic; E2, guar gum; E3, gelatin. The combinations were subjected to beating, and subsequently, they were dried in an oven with forced air circulation at four temperatures (50 to 80 °C), with a mat thickness of 0.5 cm. The obtained powders showed low levels of water and water activity and high levels of bioactive compounds, colors with a predominance of yellow, intermediate cohesiveness, poor fluidity, and solubility above 50%. The best temperature for obtaining the powders was 60 °C. The formulation that produced the best results for the production of the tropical red fruit blend powder was the combination of albumin and gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva
- Science and Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carolaine Gomes Dos Reis
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilton Pereira da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Josivanda Palmeira Gomes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
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Paiva YF, Figueirêdo RMFD, Queiroz AJDM, Amadeu LTS, Santos FSD, Reis CGD, Carvalho AJDBA, Lima MDS, Lima AGBD, Gomes JP, Moura RL, Moura HV, Silva ETDV. Physicochemical Aspects, Bioactive Compounds, Phenolic Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Tropical Red Fruits and Their Blend. Molecules 2023; 28:4866. [PMID: 37375421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of fruit pulps from different species, in addition to multiplying the offer of flavors, aromas and textures, favors the nutritional spectrum and the diversity of bioactive principles. The objective was to evaluate and compare the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, profile of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of pulps of three species of tropical red fruits (acerola, guava and pitanga) and of the blend produced from the combination. The pulps showed significant values of bioactive compounds, with emphasis on acerola, which had the highest levels in all parameters, except for lycopene, with the highest content in pitanga pulp. Nineteen phenolic compounds were identified, being phenolic acids, flavanols, anthocyanin and stilbene; of these, eighteen were quantified in acerola, nine in guava, twelve in pitanga and fourteen in the blend. The blend combined positive characteristics conferred by the individual pulps, with low pH favorable for conservation, high levels of total soluble solids and sugars, greater diversity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity close to that of acerola pulp. Pearson's correlation between antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids for the samples were positive, indicating their use as a source of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva
- Science and Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolaine Gomes Dos Reis
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina 56314-522, Brazil
| | | | - Josivanda Palmeira Gomes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Leite Moura
- Science and Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Valentim Moura
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
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Giordani C, Waller SB, Madrid IM, Guterres KA, de Matos CB, Hoffmann JF, de Castro LL, Chaves FC, de Faria RO, Cleff MB. Chemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic profile of hydroalcoholic extracts of plants from Southern Brazil and their activity against pathogenic fungi isolated from dogs and cats with sensitivity and resistance to conventional antifungals. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3223-3228. [PMID: 34498965 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1956920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of native plants from Southern Brazil: Schinus terebinthifolia (SCH), Persicaria hydropiperoides (PER), Eugenia uniflora (EUG) and Equisetum hyemale (EQU). Ethyl gallate, quercetin, and quinic acid were prevalent compounds identified by LC-MS. For total phenolic/flavonoid contents and the antioxidant potential against ABTS/DPPH radicals, the ascending order was EQU < PER < EUG < SCH. All extracts were low cytotoxic and kept a high Vero cell viability (>75%) at concentrations up to 12.5 mg/mL (MTT assay). By M38-A2/M27-A3 (CLSI) against 68 clinical isolates of animals and strains of Malassezia pachydermatis, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, all extracts (MIC/MFC ≤3.13-100 mg/mL) were active, except EUG. SCH inhibited and killed S. brasiliensis (MIC/MFC50/90 3.12-12.5 mg/mL) and dermatophytes (MIC/MFC 6.25-25 mg/mL) resistant to ketoconazole and itraconazole. These findings support the promising use of the selected plant extracts as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giordani
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Isabel Martins Madrid
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- Instituto Tecnológico em Alimentos para Saúde, itt Nutrifor, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Fábio Clasen Chaves
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Giordani C, Waller SB, Guterres KA, da Silva CC, Lobo RR, Hoffmann JF, Perera SC, Chaves FC, Ladeira SRL, Sallis ESV, Vargas GD, Cleff MB. Multiresistant bacteria isolated from domestic and wild animals with skin lesions were susceptible to native plants from Southern Brazil. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2927-2931. [PMID: 34074188 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1933972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the chemical composition, toxicity, and antibacterial activity of Schinus terebinthifolia (SCH), Eugenia uniflora (EUG), Persicaria hydropiperoides (PER), Equisetum hyemale (EQU), Solidago chilensis (SOL), and Baccharis trimera (BRA). These plants were tested (7.5-0.01 mg/mL) against Gram-positive (G+; n = 32) and Gram-negative (G-; n = 26) isolates from animals (M07-A9, CLSI). Antibiogram (disk diffusion), chromatographic analysis (UPLC), and toxicity assay (HET-CAM) were also performed. A high incidence of resistance was noted, in which 18.4% (07/38) of G+ (Staphylococcus intermedius/Enterococcus faecium) and 17.7% (06/34) of G- (Pseudomonas aeruginosa/Escherichia coli/Proteus mirabilis) were multidrug-resistant. All bacteria were sensitive (MIC50) to SCH (both 3.75 mg/mL), EUG (3.75 mg/mL and 7.5 mg/mL, respectively) and PER (both 7.5 mg/mL). SCH/EUG/PER highlighted as antibacterial, probably due to the major compounds (ethyl gallate, quinic acid, quercetin). These extracts showed normal embryonic development (SCH/EUG: 7.5-0.94 mg/mL). These findings highlighted the promising use of native plants for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giordani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Cioato da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raulene Rodrigues Lobo
- Department of Veterinary Preventive, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Clasen Chaves
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Regina Leal Ladeira
- Department of Veterinary Preventive, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliza Simone Viegas Sallis
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto D'Ávila Vargas
- Department of Veterinary Preventive, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Abdelfattah MAO, Ibrahim MA, Abdullahi HL, Aminu R, Saad SB, Krstin S, Wink M, Sobeh M. Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense extracts exhibit anti-trypanosomal activity: Evidence from in-silico molecular modelling, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111508. [PMID: 33756157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the main cause of the sleeping sickness threatening millions of populations in many African countries. The parasitic infection is currently managed by some synthetic medications, most of them suffer limited activity spectrum and/or serious adverse effects. Some studies have pointed out the promising therapeutic potential of the plant extracts rich in polyphenols to curb down parasitic infections caused by T. brucei and other trypanosomes. In this work, the main components dominating Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense plant extracts were virtually screened, through docking, as inhibitors of seven T. brucei enzymes validated as potential drug targets. The in vitro and in vivo anti-T. brucei activities of the extracts in two treatment doses were evaluated. Moreover, the extract effects on the packed cell volume level, liver, and kidney functions were assessed. Five compounds showed strong docking and minimal binding energy to five target enzymes simultaneously and three other compounds were able to bind strongly to at least four of the target enzymes. These compounds represent lead hits to develop novel trypanocidal agents of natural origin. Both extracts showed moderate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity. Infected animal groups treated over 5 days with the studied extracts showed an appreciable in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity and ameliorated in a dose dependent manner the anaemia, liver, and kidney damages induced by the infection. In conclusion, Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense could serve as appealing sources to treat trypanosomes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raphael Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Saad Bello Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sonja Krstin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
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Ascari J, Felipe Maciel Pereira M, Schaffka VM, Nunes DS, Magalhães CG, Santos JS, Granato D, Carmo MAVD, Azevedo L, Archilha MVLR, Riva Scharf D. Selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and Oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one from Eugenia uniflora Leaf Essential Oil and Their Cytotoxic Effects on Human Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:740. [PMID: 33572682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpenes selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one were isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L. leaves. The structures were elucidated using spectrometric methods (UV, GC-MS, NMR, and specific optical rotation). The relationship between antioxidant activity, as determined by DPPH assay, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated using tumor cells, namely lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2), as well as a model of normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR90). Both compounds did not show prominent free-radical scavenging activity according to DPPH assay, and did not inhibit lipid peroxidation in Wistar rat brain homogenate. The isolated compounds showed pro-oxidative effects and cytotoxicity in relation to the IMR90 cell line.
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Rocchetti G, Bernardo L, Pateiro M, Barba FJ, Munekata PES, Trevisan M, Lorenzo JM, Lucini L. Impact of a Pitanga Leaf Extract to Prevent Lipid Oxidation Processes during Shelf Life of Packaged Pork Burgers: An Untargeted Metabolomic Approach. Foods 2020; 9:E1668. [PMID: 33203110 PMCID: PMC7696221 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the comprehensive metabolomic changes in pork burgers treated with different antioxidants, namely, (a) a control without antioxidants, (b) 200 mg/kg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and (c) 250 mg/kg pitanga leaf extract (PLE, from Eugenia uniflora L.), each one packaged under modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) for 18 days storage at 2 ± 1 °C, were deeply studied. In particular, untargeted metabolomics was used to evaluate the impact of the antioxidant extracts on meat quality. The PLE phytochemical profile revealed a wide variety of antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Multivariate statistics (both unsupervised and supervised) allowed to observe marked differences in BHT and PLE burgers metabolomic profiles during storage. Most of the differences could be attributed to hexanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 6-hydroxypentadecanedioic acid, 9S,11S,15S,20-tetrahydroxy-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid (20-hydroxy-PGF2a), sativic acid, followed by glycerophospholipids. In addition, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and metabolites related to lipid oxidation processes. Therefore, the approach used showed a clear modulation of lipid oxidation, likely promoted by the plant leaf extract, thus confirming the ability of PLE to delay lipid oxidative phenomena during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain;
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
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Sobeh M, Hamza MS, Ashour ML, Elkhatieb M, El Raey MA, Abdel-Naim AB, Wink M. A Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Eugenia uniflora Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E84. [PMID: 32365693 PMCID: PMC7281215 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves from Eugenia uniflora, the red Brazilian cherry, have a high content of flavonoids that possess several biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. However, their influence on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in rats has not been investigated. In the current study, a bioguided fractionation assay revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Eugenia uniflora is the safest and most active fraction. LC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed 22 secondary metabolites, mainly myricetin and quercetin derivatives. EAF did not show toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg, and exhibited antioxidant activities in vitro in DPPH assay with IC50 of 3.35 µg/mL. Additionally, EAF exhibited substantial antioxidant activities in vivo by counteracting the oxidative damage of the prooxidant juglone [80 µM] in Caenorhabditis elegans model organism and increased its survival rate in a dose-dependent fashion through the DAF-16/Foxo pathway. Furthermore, the hepatoprotective activity of EAF (200 mg/kg against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated male Wistar rats was assessed. EAF significantly inhibited CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), in the blood serum and prevented lipid peroxidation and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in liver tissues. The observed hepatoprotective effects of EAF, which were supported by histopathological observations as pretreatment with EAF, effectively attenuated the CCl4-induced histopathological changes. In conclusion, EAF of Eugenia uniflora leaves has substantial hepatoprotective activities against CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats due to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marwa S. Hamza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Mona Elkhatieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Sobeh M, El-Raey M, Rezq S, Abdelfattah MAO, Petruk G, Osman S, El-Shazly AM, El-Beshbishy HA, Mahmoud MF, Wink M. Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites of Eugenia uniflora and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pain killing and anti-diabetic activities: A comprehensive approach. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 240:111939. [PMID: 31095981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The red Brazilian cherry, Eugenia uniflora, is widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of a methanol extract from leaves of E. uniflora and characterization of the isolated compounds. In addition, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in vitro and in a cell-based (HaCaT cell) model. We also studied the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities in relevant rat models. The molecular mode of action of the antidiabetic activities was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were used to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effects were determined in vitro and in HaCaT cells. The ani-inflammatory and antidibetic activities were studied in experimental animals. RESULTS In this work, a new compound, gallic acid 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside], along with 16 known plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were isolated, characterized using UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). Noticeable antioxidant effects were determined in HaCaT cells: The extract reduced the elevated levels of ROS and p38 phosphorylation and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) content induced by UVA. The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities in vivo: It diminished the edema thickness in carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema rat model and lowered the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity. In rats, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive properties were also observed: The extract reduced the number of writhing in acid induced writhing and increased the latency time in hot plate test. Furthermore, adequate antipyretic effects were observed: The extract reduced the elevated rectal temperature in rats after intraperitoneal injection of Brewer's yeast. Moreover, the extract possessed robust anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ) -diabetic rats: It markedly reduced the elevated serum glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased the insulin concentration in serum with higher potency than the positive control, glibenclamide. These effects might be associated with the interaction of PSM with the conserved amino acid residues of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), maltase glucoamylase (MGAM-C) and aldose reductase (ALR2) revealing considerable binding affinities. CONCLUSION A plethora of substantial pharmacological properties indicates that Eugenia uniflora is a good antioxidant and a sustainable by-product with solid therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed El-Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- Department of Science, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Samir Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 2537, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ramalho RRF, Barbosa JMG, Ferri PH, Santos SDC. Variability of polyphenols and volatiles during fruit development of three pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora L.) biotypes. Food Res Int 2019; 119:850-858. [PMID: 30884725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in volatile constituents and phenolic compounds were investigated during fruit development of three pitanga biotypes. Constituents were submitted to multivariate analysis and fruit samples were differentiated by selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (38.2 ± 2.9%) and its epoxide (26.4 ± 7.2%) for the red-orange biotype; by curzerene (15.04 ± 2.1%) and atractylone (8.47 ± 2.1%) for the red biotype; and by spathulenol (3.7 ± 0.8%) and germacrone (54.7 ± 3.1%) for the purple biotype. Hydrolysable tannins such as mono-O-galloyl-d-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, tellimagrandin II, and eugeniflorin D2 were identified, as well as oenothein B as the major compound (32.43 ± 7.1 mg/g dry fruit). During pitanga's maturation, anthocyanin content increased, while flavonoid and tannin contents decreased. Higher contents of the majority of phenolic compounds occurred in the red-orange biotype. Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds was influenced by biotype and degree of maturation, whereas chemovariation in essential oil constituents was mainly due to biotypes, thus confirming essential oil chemotypes of E. uniflora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Henrique Ferri
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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de Araújo FF, Neri-Numa IA, de Paulo Farias D, da Cunha GRMC, Pastore GM. Wild Brazilian species of Eugenia genera (Myrtaceae) as an innovation hotspot for food and pharmacological purposes. Food Res Int 2019; 121:57-72. [PMID: 31108783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Myrtaceae is one of the most common plant families in Brazil, including >1000 species of native fruit spread from North to South, where around 50% of all species are endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome. Most Brazilian species belong to Eugenia, Campomanesia, Psidium and Myrciaria genera. In general, they are characterized by the presence of leaves opposite, simple, entire, with pellucid glands containing ethereal oils and produces berry-like, fleshy fruits with a wide diversity of beneficial characteristics. Several parts of these plants are widely used in regional folk medicine as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and so on. Some species have already been studied and most of their metabolic effects are attributed to the presence of polyphenols, carotenoids as well as sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. In addition, the Myrtaceae family has great economic potential, because of the sensory characteristics which encourages their commercial exploitation plus the presence of phytochemicals which play an important role in managing several degenerative chronic diseases besides representing a hotspot of technological innovation for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. In this context, this review discusses about the importance of some Eugenia genera representatives such as Eugenia uniflora, Eugenia stipitata, Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia pyriformis and Eugenia dysenterica, emphasizing its profile of bioactive compounds as well as the knowledge of the nutritional and functional fruit potential, providing information for further studies aiming to stimulate the cultivation of Brazilian wild berries, for consumption and new food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David de Paulo Farias
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Souza LBFC, Silva-Rocha WP, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, Svidzinski TIE, Milan EP, Pires RH, Fusco Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Maranhão Chaves G. Influence of Eugenia uniflora Extract on Adhesion to Human Buccal Epithelial Cells, Biofilm Formation, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Candida spp. from the Oral Cavity of Kidney Transplant Recipients. Molecules 2018; 23:E2418. [PMID: 30241381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of the extract of Eugenia uniflora in adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC) biofilm formation and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients. To evaluate virulence attributes in vitro, nine yeasts were grown in the presence and absence of 1000 μg/mL of the extract. Adhesion was quantified using the number of Candida cells adhered to 150 HBEC determined by optical microscope. Biofilm formation was evaluated using two methodologies: XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and crystal violet assay, and further analyzed by electronic scan microscopy. CSH was quantified with the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test. We could detect that the extract of E. uniflora was able to reduce adhesion to HBEC and CSH for both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicansCandida species. We also observed a statistically significant reduced ability to form biofilms in biofilm-producing strains using both methods of quantification. However, two highly biofilm-producing strains of Candida tropicalis had a very large reduction in biofilm formation. This study reinforces the idea that besides growth inhibition, E. uniflora may interfere with the expression of some virulence factors of Candida spp. and may be possibly applied in the future as a novel antifungal agent.
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Chaves VC, Boff L, Vizzotto M, Calvete E, Reginatto FH, Simões CM. Berries grown in Brazil: anthocyanin profiles and biological properties. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4331-4338. [PMID: 29430645 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemical profiles of two Brazilian native fruits - pitanga (red and purple) and araçá (yellow and red) - as well as strawberry cultivars Albion, Aromas and Camarosa, blackberry cultivar Tupy and blueberry cultivar Bluegen cultivated in Brazil were characterized for total phenolic content and total anthocyanin content by liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Radical scavenging, antiherpes and cytotoxic activities of these berry extracts were also evaluated. RESULTS Blueberry presented the highest total anthocyanin content (1202 mg cyanidin-O-glucoside equivalents kg-1 fresh fruit), while strawberry cultivar Aromas presented the highest total phenolic content (13 550 mg gallic acid equivalents kg-1 fresh fruit). Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of 21 anthocyanins. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of cyanidin-O-glucoside in yellow and red Araçá fruit and the first time eight anthocyanins have been reported in pitanga fruits. DPPH and ABTS assays showed that blueberry cultivar Bluegen, blackberry cultivar Tupy and pitanga (red and purple) showed the most promising antiradical activities, respectively. No relevant cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines or antiherpes activity was detected under the experimental conditions tested. CONCLUSION Total anthocyanin content of all fruits had a strong positive correlation with their free radical scavenging activity, suggesting anthocyanins contribute to the antioxidant potential of these fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C Chaves
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Laurita Boff
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vizzotto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado (EMBRAPA), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eunice Calvete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio H Reginatto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Mo Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Dos Santos JFS, Rocha JE, Bezerra CF, do Nascimento Silva MK, de Matos YMLS, de Freitas TS, Dos Santos ATL, da Cruz RP, Machado AJT, Rodrigues THS, de Brito ES, Sales DL, de Oliveira Almeida W, da Costa JGM, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB. Chemical composition, antifungal activity and potential anti-virulence evaluation of the Eugenia uniflora essential oil against Candida spp. Food Chem 2018; 261:233-9. [PMID: 29739588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs has been worsening over the years and as a result research on new antifungal agents derived from plants has intensified. Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) has been studied for its various biological actions. In this study the chemical composition and antifungal effects of the E. uniflora essential oil (EULEO) were investigated against Candida albicans (CA), Candida krusei (CK) and Candida tropicalis (CT) standard strains. The essential oil obtained through hydro-distillation was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To determine the IC50 of the oil, the cellular viability curve and the inhibitory effects were measured by means of the oil's association with Fluconazole in a broth microdilution assay with spectrophotometric readings. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by solid medium subculture with the aid of a guide plate while the assays used to verify morphological changes emerging from the action of the fractions were performed in microculture chambers at concentrations based on the microdilution. Two major oil constituents stand out from the chemical analysis: selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (36.37%) and selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide (27.32%). The concentration that reduced microorganismal growth was ≥8,192 μg/mL while the IC50 varied, this being between 1892.47 and 12491.80 μg/mL (oil), 10.07 - 80.78 μg/mL (fluconazole) and 18.53 - 295.60 μg/mL (fluconazole + oil). The combined activity (fluconazole + oil) resulted in indifference and antagonism. A MFC of the oil in association with fluconazole was recorded at the concentration of 8,192 μg/mL against CA and CK. The oil caused the inhibition of CA and CT morphological transition. In view of the results obtained, additional research is needed to elucidate the activity of the E. uniflora oil over genetic and biochemical processes regarding its effect on Candida spp. virulence.
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Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Senthilmurugan S, Vijayan P, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Benelli G. Curzerene, trans-β-elemenone, and γ-elemene as effective larvicides against Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus: toxicity on non-target aquatic predators. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:10272-10282. [PMID: 28353108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide number of studies dealing with mosquito control focus on toxicity screenings of whole plant essential oils, while limited efforts shed light on main molecules responsible of toxicity, as well as their mechanisms of action on non-target organisms. In this study, GC-MS shed light on main essential oil components extracted from leaves of the Suriname cherry Eugenia uniflora, i.e., curzerene (35.7%), trans-β-elemenone (11.5%), and γ-elemene (13.6%), testing them on Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae. Non-target toxicity experiments were carried out on four species of aquatic larvivorous organisms, including fishes, backswimmers, and waterbugs. The essential oil from E. uniflora leaves tested on An. subpictus, Ae. Albopictus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus showed LC50 of 31.08, 33.50, and 36.35 μg/ml, respectively. Curzerene, trans-β-elemenone, and γ-elemene were extremely toxic to An. subpictus (LC50 = 4.14, 6.13, and 10.53 μg/ml), Ae. albopictus (LC50 = 4.57, 6.74, and 11.29 μg/ml), and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 5.01, 7.32, and 12.18 μg/ml). The essential oil from E. uniflora leaves, curzerene, trans-β-elemenone, and γ-elemene showed low toxicity to larvivorous fishes, backswimmers, and waterbugs, with LC50 ranging from 303.77 to 6765.56 μg/ml. Predator safety factor (PSF) ranged from 55.72 to 273.45. Overall, we believe that curzerene isolated from the essential oil from E. uniflora leaves can represent an ideal molecule to formulate novel mosquito larvicides, due to its extremely low LC50 on all tested mosquito vectors (4.14-5.01 μg/ml), which far encompasses most of the botanical pesticides tested till now. Notably, the above-mentioned LC50 did not damage the four aquatic predators tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
| | - Mohan Rajeswary
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Sengamalai Senthilmurugan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Periasamy Vijayan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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de Souza Cardoso J, Oliveira PS, Bona NP, Vasconcellos FA, Baldissarelli J, Vizzotto M, Soares MSP, Ramos VP, Spanevello RM, Lencina CL, Tavares RG, Stefanello FM. Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic effects of Brazilian-native fruit extracts in an animal model of insulin resistance. Redox Rep 2017; 23:41-46. [PMID: 29088999 PMCID: PMC6748693 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1375709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the
development of many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of
the present study was to evaluate the effects of the extracts from fruits native
to Brazil on metabolic parameters and hepatic oxidative markers in an animal
model of insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone (DEX). Methods: Wistar rats received water or extracts of Eugenia
uniflora or Psidium cattleianum, once a day for 21
days. For the last 5 days, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of
saline or DEX. Results: DEX caused a reduction in body weight gain and relative
pancreatic weight, as well as glucose intolerance, and an increase in serum
glucose and triacylglycerol levels. The extracts were found to prevent
hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. DEX caused an increase in the levels of
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reactive oxygen species production
in the liver of rats, and both extracts prevented these changes. In addition,
hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced by DEX. However, total thiol
content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and
delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase were not altered in any of the tested
groups. Conclusion: Fruit extracts of E. uniflora and
P. cattleianum exhibited considerable
antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant effects, and may be useful
in the therapeutic management of alterations due to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Pathise Souto Oliveira
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Flávia Aleixo Vasconcellos
- b Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- c Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Marcia Vizzotto
- d Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária , Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- e Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Plasse Ramos
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- e Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
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Silva-Rocha WP, de Azevedo MF, Ferreira MRA, da Silva JDF, Svidzinski TIE, Milan EP, Soares LAL, Rocha KBF, Uchôa AF, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco Almeida AM, Chaves GM. Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Eugenia uniflora on Proteins Global Expression during Morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1788. [PMID: 29018413 PMCID: PMC5622941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is able to switch from yeast to hyphal growth and this is an essential step for tissue invasion and establishment of infection. Due to the limited drug arsenal used to treat fungal infections and the constant emergence of resistant strains, it is important to search for new therapeutic candidates. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate by proteomic analysis the role of a natural product (Eugenia uniflora) in impairing hypha formation in C. albicans. We also tested the potential action of E. uniflora to prevent and treat oral candidiasis induced in a murine model of oral infection and the ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to phagocytize C. albicans cells treated with the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract. We found that this fraction greatly reduced hypha formation after morphogenesis induction in the presence of serum. Besides, several proteins were differentially expressed in cells treated with the fraction. Surprisingly, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced phagocytosis in C. albicans (Mean 120.36 ± 36.71 yeasts/100 PMNs vs. 44.68 ± 19.84 yeasts/100 PMNs). Oral candidiasis was attenuated when C. albicans cells were either pre-incubated in the presence of E. uniflora or when the fraction was applied to the surface of the oral cavity after infection. These results were consistent with the reduction in CFU counts (2.36 vs. 1.85 Log10 CFU/ml) and attenuation of tissue damage observed with histopathological analysis of animals belonging to treated group. We also observed shorter true hyphae by direct examination and histopathological analysis, when cells were treated with the referred natural product. The E. uniflora ethyl acetate fraction was non-toxic to human cells. E. uniflora may act on essential proteins mainly related to cellular structure, reducing the capacity of filamentation and attenuating infection in a murine model, without causing any toxic effect on human cells, suggesting that it may be a future therapeutic alternative for the treatment of Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walicyranison P Silva-Rocha
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus F de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Magda R A Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Terezinha I E Svidzinski
- Departamento de Análise Clínicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Eveline P Milan
- Departamento de Infectologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Keyla B F Rocha
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Uchôa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do RN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M Fusco Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Chaves
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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22
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Pereira NLF, Aquino PEA, Júnior JGAS, Cristo JS, Vieira Filho MA, Moura FF, Ferreira NMN, Silva MKN, Nascimento EM, Correia FMA, Cunha FAB, Boligon AA, Coutinho HDM, Matias EFF, Guedes MIF. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial potential and modification of antibiotic activity of the Eugenia uniflora L. essential oil in association with led lights. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:512-518. [PMID: 28760453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great biodiversity of its flora, Brazil provides combat tools against bacterial resistance with the utilization of natural products with vegetable origin. Therefore, the present study had as its objective to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the Eugenia uniflora essential oil (EuEO) in vitro, as well as to analyze the modulatory effect of the oil against antibiotics by gaseous contact and to compare them when associated with a LED apparatus. The chemical components were characterised by gas chromatography which revealed the presence of the isoflurane-germacrene, considered the major component (61.69%). The MIC obtained from the EuEO was ≥256 μg/mL for S. aureus and ≥1024 μg/mL for E. coli. When combined with antibiotics, the EuEO presented synergism reducing the MIC when associated, with the exception of gentamicin against E. coli, where an antagonistic effect was observed. The was an interference of the EuEO over the activity of ciprofloxacin when associated with red and blue LED lights, increasing the inhibition halos against S. aureus and E. coli. Norfloxacin presented similar results to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus bacteria. When combined, norfloxacin and the EuEO presented synergism against S. aureus, which did not occur in the combination with ciprofloxacin. Interference occurred only with blue light for E. coli. Thus, it was observed that the EuEO causes changes in the activity of antibiotics, the same occurring with the use of LED lights, without significant differences in the association of the oil and the lights with the antibiotics tested. Further research is needed to elucidate the modulatory effects of the EuEO, as well as its association with LED lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L F Pereira
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro E A Aquino
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - José G A S Júnior
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio F Moura
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Najla M N Ferreira
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria K N Silva
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Eloiza M Nascimento
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabrina M A Correia
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Edinardo F F Matias
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
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23
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Simon Gonzalez Schumacher N, Colomeu TC, de Figueiredo D, Carvalho VDC, Baú Betim Cazarin C, Prado MA, Molina Meletti LM, de Lima Zollner R. Identification and Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts of Eugenia uniflora Leaves. Characterization of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Aqueous Extract on Diabetes Expression in an Experimental Model of Spontaneous Type 1 Diabetes (NOD Mice). Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:662-80. [PMID: 26783951 PMCID: PMC4712943 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical and folklore reports suggest that Eugenia uniflora (E. uniflora) is a functional food that contains numerous compounds in its composition, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the best solvents (water, ethanol and methanol/acetone) for extracting bioactive compounds of E. uniflora leaves, assessing total phenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2'-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays, identifying hydrolysable tannins and three phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid and rutin) present in the leaves. In addition, we evaluated the incidence of diabetes, degree of insulitis, serum insulin, hepatic glutathione and tolerance test glucose in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Our results suggest that the aqueous extract presents antioxidant activity and high total phenols, which were used as a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) treatment in NOD mice. We verified that the chronic consumption of aqueous extract reduces the inflammatory infiltrate index in pancreatic islets, maintaining serum insulin levels and hepatic glutathione, and reducing serum lipid peroxidation as well as the risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Simon Gonzalez Schumacher
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil, 300, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.S.G.S.); (T.C.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.C.)
| | - Talita Cristina Colomeu
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil, 300, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.S.G.S.); (T.C.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.C.)
| | - Daniella de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil, 300, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.S.G.S.); (T.C.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.C.)
| | - Virginia de Campos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil, 300, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.S.G.S.); (T.C.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.C.)
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (FEA-Unicamp), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.B.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marcelo Alexandre Prado
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (FEA-Unicamp), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.B.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Laura Maria Molina Meletti
- Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Theodureto de Almeida Camargo, 1500, Vila Nova, 13012-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Ricardo de Lima Zollner
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil, 300, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888 Campinas-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.S.G.S.); (T.C.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-19-3289-3709; Fax: +55-19-3521-8925
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Guzman F, Kulcheski FR, Turchetto-Zolet AC, Margis R. De novo assembly of Eugenia uniflora L. transcriptome and identification of genes from the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Plant Sci 2014; 229:238-246. [PMID: 25443850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is of particular interest due to its medicinal properties that are attributed to specialized metabolites with known biological activities. Among these molecules, terpenoids are the most abundant in essential oils that are found in the leaves and represent compounds with potential pharmacological benefits. The terpene diversity observed in Myrtaceae is determined by the activity of different members of the terpene synthase and oxidosqualene cyclase families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a de novo assembly of transcripts from E. uniflora leaves and to annotation to identify the genes potentially involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and terpene diversity. In total, 72,742 unigenes with a mean length of 1048bp were identified. Of these, 43,631 and 36,289 were annotated with the NCBI non-redundant protein and Swiss-Prot databases, respectively. The gene ontology categorized the sequences into 53 functional groups. A metabolic pathway analysis with KEGG revealed 8,625 unigenes assigned to 141 metabolic pathways and 40 unigenes predicted to be associated with the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Furthermore, we identified four putative full-length terpene synthase genes involved in sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes biosynthesis, and three putative full-length oxidosqualene cyclase genes involved in the triterpenes biosynthesis. The expression of these genes was validated in different E. uniflora tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Guzman
- PPGGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPGBCM, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski
- PPGGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPGBCM, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rogerio Margis
- PPGGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPGBCM, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Oliveira AL, Destandau E, Fougère L, Lafosse M. Isolation by pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) and identification using CPC and HPLC/ESI/MS of phenolic compounds from Brazilian cherry seeds ( Eugenia uniflora L.). Food Chem 2013; 145:522-9. [PMID: 24128509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian cherry seeds are a waste product from juice and frozen pulp production and, the seeds composition was investigated to valorize this by-product. Compounds separation was performed with ethanol by pressurised fluid extraction (PFE). Here we determine the effect of temperature (T), static time (ST), number of cycles (C), and flush volume (VF) on the yield, composition and total phenolic content (TPC) of the seed extracts. T, ST and their interaction positively influenced yield and TPC. Extracts were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The collected fractions characterizations were made by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) indicated the presence of ellagic acid pentoside and deoxyhexose, quercitrin and kaempferol pentoside. All of these compounds have antioxidant properties and normally are found in plant extracts. These results confirm that Brazilian cherry seed extract is a potentially valuable source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra L Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635 900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Santos AKL, Costa JGM, Menezes IRA, Cansanção IF, Santos KKA, Matias EFF, Coutinho HDM. Antioxidant activity of five Brazilian plants used as traditional medicines and food in Brazil. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 6:335-8. [PMID: 21120039 PMCID: PMC2992150 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.71789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the radical-scavenging activity of five plants used as food and medicines in the northeastern region of Brazil. Materials and Methods: Spectrophotometric analysis of the plants’ ethanol extracts was carried out. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl) test. The antioxidant capacity was measured using ascorbic acid as a positive control. Results: All tested plant extracts showed an antioxidant activity, but the highest activity was observed with the extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana. Conclusions: Therefore, these species must be studied as a putative source of products for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases in which oxidants or free radicals are implicated.
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Ibikunle GF, Adebajo AC, Famuyiwa FG, Aladesanmi AJ, Adewunmi CO. In-vitro evaluation of anti-trichomonal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaf. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2010; 8:170-176. [PMID: 22238499 PMCID: PMC3252693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Eugenia uniflora, used ethnomedically in some tropical countries as an anti-infective, has shown anti-malarial and anti-trypanocidal activities. Therefore using bioactivity guided fractionation, anti-trichomonal activity of E. uniflora leaf was investigated. Anti-trichomonal activities of leaf methanol extract and its fractions against Trichomonas gallinae as well as their cytotoxicities using an in vitro haemaglutination assay were determined. Anti-trichomonacidal activities of the extract improved on purification up to a stage. Subfractions E(2-5) had LC(50) and LC(90) values of 4.77 - 5.28, 18.49 - 25.00 and 4.53 - 5.18, 18.32 - 19.07 µg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs, respectively that were better than those of metronidazole. Further purification of E(2-5) led to loss of activity suggesting that the active components were probably working synergistically and additively. Demonstration of low haemaglutination titre values of 0.00 - 5.33 by methanolic extract and its partition fractions suggested their low toxicity profile. The established safety of the leaf indicated that its anti-trichomonal activity was not due to non-specific cytotoxicity, hence could be used in ethnomedicine as an anti-trichomonal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Femi Ibikunle
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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