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Abboud S, Ouni A, Ben Abdallah RA, Bchir A, Ben Abdelwaheb S, Tlili D, Dbara S. Unraveling the effect of phenolic extract derived from olive mill solid wastes on agro-physiological and biochemical traits of pomegranate and its associated rhizospheric soil properties. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134234. [PMID: 38608584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural waste management poses a significant challenge in circular economy strategies. Olive mill wastes (OMW) contain valuable biomolecules, especially phenolic compounds, with significant agricultural potential. Our study evaluate the effects of phenolic extract (PE) derived from olive mill solid wastes (OMSW) on pomegranate agro-physiological and biochemical responses, as well as soil-related attributes. Pomegranate plants were treated with PE at doses of 100 ppm and 200 ppm via foliar spray (L100 and L200) and soil application (S100 and S200). Results showed increased biomass with PE treatments, especially with soil application (S100 and S200). Proline and soluble sugar accumulation in leaves suggested plant adaptation to PE with low-level stress. Additionally, PE application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Higher doses of PE (S200) significantly improved net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUEi), and photosynthetic efficiency (fv/fm and PIabs). Furthermore, PE treatments enhanced levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Soil application of PE also increased soil enzyme activities and microbial population. Our findings suggest the beneficial impact of PE application on pomegranate agro-physiological responses, laying the groundwork for further research across various plant species and soil types to introduce nutrient-enriched PE as an eco-friendly biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Abboud
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Azhar Ouni
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah
- LR21AGR03-Production and Protection for a Sustainable Horticulture (2PHD), Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Sahar Ben Abdelwaheb
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Darine Tlili
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Dbara
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Schalamun M, Hinterdobler W, Schinnerl J, Brecker L, Schmoll M. The transcription factor STE12 influences growth on several carbon sources and production of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) in Trichoderma reesei. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9625. [PMID: 38671155 PMCID: PMC11053031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Trichoderma reesei, known for its prolific cellulolytic enzyme production, recently also gained attention for its secondary metabolite synthesis. Both processes are intricately influenced by environmental factors like carbon source availability and light exposure. Here, we explore the role of the transcription factor STE12 in regulating metabolic pathways in T. reesei in terms of gene regulation, carbon source utilization and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. We show that STE12 is involved in regulating cellulase gene expression and growth on carbon sources associated with iron homeostasis. STE12 impacts gene regulation in a light dependent manner on cellulose with modulation of several CAZyme encoding genes as well as genes involved in secondary metabolism. STE12 selectively influences the biosynthesis of the sorbicillinoid trichodimerol, while not affecting the biosynthesis of bisorbibutenolide, which was recently shown to be regulated by the MAPkinase pathway upstream of STE12 in the signaling cascade. We further report on the biosynthesis of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) in T. reesei, a compound known for its antimicrobial properties, which is subject to regulation by STE12. We conclude, that STE12 exerts functions beyond development and hence contributes to balance the energy distribution between substrate consumption, reproduction and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schalamun
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hinterdobler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- MyPilz GmbH, Wienerbergstrasse 55/13-15, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schmoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang S, Du K, Song L, Xu T, Xia Y, Guo R, Kang X, Li Y. Positive regulation of the Eucommia rubber biosynthesis-related gene EuFPS1 by EuWRKY30 in Eucommia ulmoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131751. [PMID: 38657917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Eucommia rubber is a secondary metabolite from Eucommia ulmoides that has attracted much attention because of its unique properties and enormous potential for application. However, the transcriptional mechanism regulating its biosynthesis has not yet been determined. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is a key enzyme in the Eucommia rubber biosynthesis. In this study, the promoter of EuFPS1 was used as bait, EuWRKY30 was screened from the cDNA library of EuFPS1 via a yeast one-hybrid system. EuWRKY30 belongs to the WRKY IIa subfamily and contains a WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc finger motif, and the expressed protein is located in the nucleus. EuWRKY30 and EuFPS1 exhibited similar tissue expression patterns, and yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase experiments confirmed that EuWRKY30 directly binds to the W-box element in the EuFPS1 promoter and activates its expression. Moreover, the overexpression of EuWRKY30 significantly upregulated the expression level of EuFPS1, further increasing the density of the rubber particles and Eucommia rubber content. The results of this study indicated that EuWRKY30 positively regulates EuFPS1, which plays a critical role in the synthesis of Eucommia rubber, provided a basis for further analysis of the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Weixian Eucommia National Forest Tree Germplasm Repository, Weixian Forestry Cultivation Base of Superior Species, Hebei, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Tian J, Li Y, Zhang C, Su J, Lu W. Characterization of a pleiotropic regulator MtrA in Streptomyces avermitilis controlling avermectin production and morphological differentiation. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:103. [PMID: 38584273 PMCID: PMC11000389 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The macrolide antibiotic avermectin, a natural product derived from Streptomyces avermitilis, finds extensive applications in agriculture, animal husbandry and medicine. The mtrA (sav_5063) gene functions as a transcriptional regulator belonging to the OmpR family. As a pleiotropic regulator, mtrA not only influences the growth, development, and morphological differentiation of strains but also modulates genes associated with primary metabolism. However, the regulatory role of MtrA in avermectin biosynthesis remains to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that MtrA, a novel OmpR-family transcriptional regulator in S. avermitilis, exerts global regulator effects by negatively regulating avermectin biosynthesis and cell growth while positively controlling morphological differentiation. The deletion of the mtrA gene resulted in an increase in avermectin production, accompanied by a reduction in biomass and a delay in the formation of aerial hyphae and spores. The Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) revealed that MtrA exhibited binding affinity towards the upstream region of aveR, the intergenic region between aveA1 and aveA2 genes, as well as the upstream region of aveBVIII in vitro. These findings suggest that MtrA exerts a negative regulatory effect on avermectin biosynthesis by modulating the expression of avermectin biosynthesis cluster genes. Transcriptome sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that mtrA deletion increased the transcript levels of the cluster genes aveR, aveA1, aveA2, aveC, aveE, aveA4 and orf-1, which explains the observed increase in avermectin production in the knockout strain. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that MtrA positively regulates the cell division and differentiation genes bldM and ssgC, while exerting a negative regulatory effect on bldD, thereby modulating the primary metabolic processes associated with cell division, differentiation and growth in S. avermitilis, consequently impacting avermectin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we investigated the negative regulatory effect of the global regulator MtrA on avermectin biosynthesis and its effects on morphological differentiation and cell growth, and elucidated its transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Our findings indicate that MtrA plays crucial roles not only in the biosynthesis of avermectin but also in coordinating intricate physiological processes in S. avermitilis. These findings provide insights into the synthesis of avermectin and shed light on the primary and secondary metabolism of S. avermitilis mediated by OmpR-family regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpin Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Vignesh A, Amal TC, Sivalingam R, Selvakumar S, Vasanth K. Unraveling the impact of nanopollution on plant metabolism and ecosystem dynamics. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 210:108598. [PMID: 38608503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanopollution (NPOs), a burgeoning consequence of the widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs) across diverse industrial and consumer domains, has emerged as a critical environmental issue. While extensive research has scrutinized the repercussions of NPs pollution on ecosystems and human health, scant attention has been directed towards unraveling its implications for plant life. This comprehensive review aims to bridge this gap by delving into the nuanced interplay between NPOs and plant metabolism, encompassing both primary and secondary processes. Our exploration encompasses an in-depth analysis of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction between plants and NPs. This involves a thorough examination of how physicochemical properties such as size, shape, and surface characteristics influence the uptake and translocation of NPs within plant tissues. The impact of NPOs on primary metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient uptake, and water transport. Additionally, this study explored the multifaceted alterations in secondary metabolism, shedding light on the synthesis and modulation of secondary metabolites in response to NPs exposure. In assessing the consequences of NPOs for plant life, we scrutinize the potential implications for plant growth, development, and environmental interactions. The intricate relationships revealed in this review underscore the need for a holistic understanding of the plant-NPs dynamics. As NPs become increasingly prevalent in ecosystems, this investigation establishes a fundamental guide that underscores the importance of additional research to shape sustainable environmental management strategies and address the extensive effects of NPs on the development of plant life and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Vignesh
- Department of Botany, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College (Autonomous), Bharathiar University (Affiliated), Pollachi, 642 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas Cheeran Amal
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, RS, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramaniam Selvakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Vasanth
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li K, Zhao M, Zhou S, Niu L, Zhao L, Xu D. Effects of antibiotics on secondary metabolism and oxidative stress in oilseed rape seeds. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:27689-27698. [PMID: 38519614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cruciferae brassica oilseed rape is the third largest oilseed crop in the world and the first in China, as well as a fertilizer-dependent crop. With the increased application of organic fertilizers from livestock manure in agricultural production in recent years, the resulting antibiotic pollution and its ecological health effects have attracted widespread attention. In this study, typical tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were used to investigate the effects of antibiotics on rapeseed quality and oxidative stress at the level of secondary metabolism on the basis of examining the effects of the two drugs on the growth of soil-cultivated rapeseed seedlings. The results showed that both plant height and biomass of rapeseed seedlings were significantly suppressed and ROS were significantly induced in rapeseed by exposure to high concentrations (2.5 mg/kg) of TC and SMZ. Carotenoids, tocopherols, and SOD enzymes were involved in the oxidative stress response to scavenge free radicals in rapeseed, but phenolic acids and flavonoids contents were decreased, which reduced the quality of the seeds to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Wang G, Liu Y, Hu Y, Pan J, Wei Z, Tai B, Yang B, Li E, Xing F. AwSclB regulates a network for Aspergillus westerdijkiae asexual sporulation and secondary metabolism independent of the fungal light control. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 171:103865. [PMID: 38246260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a prevalent pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae poses a threat to both food safety and human health. The fungal growth, conidia production and ochratoxin A (OTA) in A. weterdijkiae are regulated by many factors especially transcription factors. In this study, a transcription factor AwSclB in A. westerdijkiae was identified and its function in asexual sporulation and OTA biosynthesis was investigated. In addition, the effect of light control on AwSclB regulation was also tested. The deletion of AwSclB gene could reduce conidia production by down-regulation of conidia genes and increase OTA biosynthesis by up-regulation of cluster genes, regardless under light or dark conditions. It is worth to note that the inhibitory effect of light on OTA biosynthesis was reversed by the knockout of AwSclB gene. The yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that AwSclB could interact with the promoters of BrlA, ConJ and OtaR1 genes. This result suggests that AwSclB in A. westerdijkiae can directly regulate asexual conidia formation by activating the central developmental pathway BrlA-AbaA-WetA through up-regulating the expression of AwBrlA, and promote the light response of the strain by activating ConJ. However, AwSclB itself is unable to respond to light regulation. This finding will deepen our understanding of the molecular regulation of A. westerdijkiae development and secondary metabolism, and provide potential targets for the development of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yafan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zifan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bowen Tai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bolei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Erfeng Li
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li H, Guo Z, Xu M, Zhao J, Xu D. Molecular mechanism of miRNA mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108524. [PMID: 38518432 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and their biosynthetic processes are subject to diverse and precise regulation by miRNA. The identification of miRNA molecules in medicinal plants and exploration of their mechanisms not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of plant growth, development and resistance to stress, but also provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pharmacological effects of authentic medicinal materials and constructing bioreactors for the synthesis of medicinal secondary metabolite components. This paper summarizes the research reports on the discovery of miRNA in medicinal plants and their regulatory mechanisms on the synthesis of secondary metabolites by searching the relevant literature in public databases. It summarizes the currently discovered miRNA and their functions in medicinal plants, and summarizes the molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis and degradation of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, it provides a prospect for the research and development of medicinal plant miRNA. The compiled information contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the research progress on miRNA in medicinal plants and provides a reference for the industrial development of related secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China; Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.
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Cheng Y, Zheng T, Yang D, Peng Q, Dong J, Xi D. Cucumber mosaic virus impairs the physiological homeostasis of Panax notoginseng and induces saponin-mediated resistance. Virology 2024; 591:109983. [PMID: 38237218 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
As an important medicinal plant, Panax notoginseng often suffers from various abiotic and biotic stresses during its growth, such as drought, heavy metals, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In this study, the symptom and physiological parameters of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected P. notoginseng were analyzed and the RNA-seq was performed. The results showed that CMV infection affected the photosynthesis of P. notoginseng, caused serious oxidative damage to P. notoginseng and increased the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Results of transcriptome analysis and corresponding verification showed that CMV infection changed the expression of genes related to plant defense and promoted the synthesis of P. notoginseng saponins to a certain extent, which may be defensive ways of P. notoginseng against CMV infection. Furthermore, pretreatment plants with saponins reduced the accumulation of CMV. Thus, our results provide new insights into the role of saponins in P. notoginseng response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Tianrui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Daoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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10
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Zhang L, Vaccari F, Ardenti F, Fiorini A, Tabaglio V, Puglisi E, Trevisan M, Lucini L. The dosage- and size-dependent effects of micro- and nanoplastics in lettuce roots and leaves at the growth, photosynthetic, and metabolomics levels. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108531. [PMID: 38513516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soils potentially induce morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations in plants. The present study investigated the effects of MPs/NPs on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) plants by focusing on (i) four different particle sizes of polyethylene micro- and nanoplastics, at (ii) four concentrations. Photosynthetic activity, morphological changes in plants, and metabolomic shifts in roots and leaves were investigated. Our findings revealed that particle size plays a pivotal role in influencing various growth traits of lettuce (biomass, color segmentation, greening index, leaf area, and photosynthetic activity), physiological parameters (including maximum quantum yield - Fv/Fmmax, or quantum yield in the steady-state Fv/FmLss, NPQLss, RfdLss, FtLss, FqLss), and metabolomic signatures. Smaller plastic sizes demonstrated a dose-dependent impact on aboveground plant structures, resulting in an overall elicitation of biosynthetic processes. Conversely, larger plastic size had a major impact on root metabolomics, leading to a negative modulation of biosynthetic processes. Specifically, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phytohormone crosstalk, and the metabolism of lipids and fatty acids were among the most affected processes. In addition, nitrogen-containing compounds accumulated following plastic treatments. Our results highlighted a tight correlation between the qPCR analysis of genes associated with the soil nitrogen cycle (such as NifH, NirK, and NosZ), available nitrogen pools in soil (including NO3- and NH4), N-containing metabolites and morpho-physiological parameters of lettuce plants subjected to MPs/NPs. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between specific plastic contaminations, nitrogen dynamics, and plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Ardenti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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11
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Liu Q, Jiang K, Duan S, Zhao N, Shen Y, Zhu L, Zhang KQ, Yang J. Identification of a transcription factor AoMsn2 of the Hog1 signaling pathway contributes to fungal growth, development and pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00052-3. [PMID: 38331317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arthrobotrys oligospora has been utilized as a model strain to study the interaction between fungi and nematodes owing to its ability to capture nematodes by developing specialized traps. A previous study showed that high-osmolarity glycerol (Hog1) signaling regulates the osmoregulation and nematocidal activity of A. oligospora. However, the function of downstream transcription factors of the Hog1 signaling in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungi remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the functions and potential regulatory network of AoMsn2, a downstream transcription factor of the Hog1 signaling pathway in A. oligospora. METHODS The function of AoMsn2 was characterized using targeted gene deletion, phenotypic experiments, real-time quantitative PCR, RNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and yeast two-hybrid analysis. RESULTS Loss of Aomsn2 significantly enlarged and swollen the hyphae, with an increase in septa and a significant decrease in nuclei. In particular, spore yield, spore germination rate, traps, and nematode predation efficiency were remarkably decreased in the mutants. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that AoMsn2 is essential for fatty acid metabolism and autophagic pathways. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analysis identified an important function of AoMsn2 in the modulation of secondary metabolites. Furtherly, we analyzed the protein interaction network of AoMsn2 based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway map and the online website STRING. Finally, Hog1 and six putative targeted proteins of AoMsn2 were identified by Y2H analysis. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that AoMsn2 plays crucial roles in the growth, conidiation, trap development, fatty acid metabolism, and secondary metabolism, as well as establishes a broad basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of trap morphogenesis and environmental adaptation in NT fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shipeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China.
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12
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Kaur A, Yadav VG, Pawar SV, Sembi JK. Insights to Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) and Secondary Metabolism in Orchids: An in silico Approach. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:413-435. [PMID: 37358673 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) catalyses the first step of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway which leads to the biosynthesis of a diverse group of secondary metabolites. Orchids serve as a rich source of metabolites and the availability of genome or transcriptome for selected orchid species provides an opportunity to analyse the PAL genes in orchids. In the present study, 21 PAL genes were characterized using bioinformatics tools in nine orchid species (Apostasia shenzhenica, Cypripedium formosanum, Dendrobium catenatum, Phalaenopsis aphrodite, Phalaenopsis bellina, Phalaenopsis equestris, Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana, Phalaenopsis modesta and Phalaenopsis schilleriana). Multiple sequence alignment confirmed the presence of PAL-specific conserved domains (N-terminal, MIO, core, shielding and C-terminal domain). All these proteins were predicted to be hydrophobic in nature and to have cytoplasmic localisation. Structural modelling depicted the presence of alpha helices, extended strands, beta turns and random coils in their structure. Ala-Ser-Gly triad known for substrate binding and catalysis of MIO-domain was found to be completely conserved in all the proteins. Phylogenetic study showed that the PALs of pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms clustered together in separate clades. Expression profiling showed tissue-specific expression for all the 21 PAL genes in the various reproductive and vegetative tissues which suggested their diverse role in growth and development. This study provides insights to the molecular characterization of PAL genes which may help in developing biotechnological strategies to enhance the synthesis of phenylpropanoids in orchids and other heterologous systems for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jaspreet K Sembi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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13
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Hung TH, Wu ETY, Zeltiņš P, Jansons Ā, Ullah A, Erbilgin N, Bohlmann J, Bousquet J, Birol I, Clegg SM, MacKay JJ. Long-insert sequence capture detects high copy numbers in a defence-related beta-glucosidase gene βglu-1 with large variations in white spruce but not Norway spruce. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:118. [PMID: 38281030 PMCID: PMC10821269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Conifers are long-lived and slow-evolving, thus requiring effective defences against their fast-evolving insect natural enemies. The copy number variation (CNV) of two key acetophenone biosynthesis genes Ugt5/Ugt5b and βglu-1 may provide a plausible mechanism underlying the constitutively variable defence in white spruce (Picea glauca) against its primary defoliator, spruce budworm. This study develops a long-insert sequence capture probe set (Picea_hung_p1.0) for quantifying copy number of βglu-1-like, Ugt5-like genes and single-copy genes on 38 Norway spruce (Picea abies) and 40 P. glauca individuals from eight and nine provenances across Europe and North America respectively. We developed local assemblies (Piabi_c1.0 and Pigla_c.1.0), full-length transcriptomes (PIAB_v1 and PIGL_v1), and gene models to characterise the diversity of βglu-1 and Ugt5 genes. We observed very large copy numbers of βglu-1, with up to 381 copies in a single P. glauca individual. We observed among-provenance CNV of βglu-1 in P. glauca but not P. abies. Ugt5b was predominantly single-copy in both species. This study generates critical hypotheses for testing the emergence and mechanism of extreme CNV, the dosage effect on phenotype, and the varying copy number of genes with the same pathway. We demonstrate new approaches to overcome experimental challenges in genomic research in conifer defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Hang Hung
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Ernest T Y Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pauls Zeltiņš
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
| | - Āris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
| | - Aziz Ullah
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Sonya M Clegg
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - John J MacKay
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
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14
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Wang W, Liu Y, Duan S, Bai N, Zhu M, Yang J. Cellular communication and fusion regulate cell fusion, trap morphogenesis, conidiation, and secondary metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127516. [PMID: 37857124 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Signal-mediated cell fusion is vital for colony development in filamentous fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative nematode-trapping (NT) fungus that produces adhesive networks (traps) to capture nematodes. Here, we characterized Aoadv-1, Aoso, Aoham-6, and Aoham-5 of A. oligospora, homologs of proteins involved in cellular communication and fusion in the model fungus Neurospora crassa. The deletion of four genes resulted in the complete loss of cell fusion, and traps produced by mutants did not close to form mycelial rings but were still capable of capturing nematodes. The absence of these genes inhibits aerial mycelial extension, slows colony growth, and increases mycelial branching. In addition, the mutants showed reduced sporulation capacity and tolerance to oxidative stress, increased sensitivity to SDS, and disturbed lipid droplet accumulation and autophagy. In addition, transcriptome and metabolomic analyses suggested that Aoadv-1 and Aoso are involved in multiple cellular processes and secondary metabolism. Our results revealed that Aoadv-1, Aoso, Aoham-6, and Aoham-5 regulate mycelial growth and trap morphogenesis through cell fusion, which contributed to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular communication regulating mycelial development and trap morphogenesis in NT fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shipeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Na Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China.
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15
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Bhat ZY, Mir JA, Yadav AK, Singh D, Ashraf N. CstMYB1R1, a REVEILLE-8-like transcription factor, regulates diurnal clock-specific anthocyanin biosynthesis and response to abiotic stress in Crocus sativus L. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 43:20. [PMID: 38150028 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CstMYB1R1 acts as a positive regulator of Crocus anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance which was experimentally demonstrated through molecular analysis and over-expression studies in Crocus and Nicotiana. Regulatory mechanics of flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis in Crocus floral tissues along the diurnal clock has not been studied to date. MYB proteins represent the most dominant, functionally diverse and versatile type of plant transcription factors which regulate key metabolic and physiological processes in planta. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MYB family is the most dominant transcription factor family in C. sativus. Considering this, a MYB-related REVEILLE-8 type transcription factor, CstMYB1R1, was explored for its possible role in regulating Crocus flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. CstMYB1R1 was highly expressed in Crocus floral tissues, particularly tepals and its expression was shown to peak at dawn and dusk time points. Anthocyanin accumulation also peaked at dawn and dusk and was minimum at night. Moreover, the diurnal expression pattern of CstMYB1R1 was shown to highly correlate with Crocus ANS/LDOX gene expression among the late anthocyanin pathway genes. CstMYB1R1 was shown to be nuclear localized and transcriptionally active. CstMYB1R1 over-expression in Crocus tepals enhanced anthocyanin levels and upregulated transcripts of Crocus flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. Yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and GUS reporter assay confirmed that CstMYB1R1 interacts with the promoter of Crocus LDOX gene to directly regulate its transcription. In addition, the expression of CstMYB1R1 in Nicotiana plants significantly enhanced flavonoid and anthocyanin levels and improved their abiotic stress tolerance. The present study, thus, confirmed positive role of CstMYB1R1 in regulating Crocus anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in a diurnal clock-specific fashion together with its involvement in the regulation of abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Yaqoob Bhat
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Sanat Nagar190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Javid Ahmad Mir
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Sanat Nagar190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Lab, Quality, Management and Instrumentation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Lab, Quality, Management and Instrumentation Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Nasheeman Ashraf
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Sanat Nagar190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
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16
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Luciano-Rosario D, Barda O, Tannous J, Frawley D, Bayram Ö, Prusky D, Sionov E, Keller NP. The histone demethylase KdmB is part of a trimeric protein complex and mediates virulence and mycotoxin production in Penicillium expansum. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103837. [PMID: 37722619 PMCID: PMC10755807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification of chromosome structure has increasingly been associated with alterations in secondary metabolism and sporulation defects in filamentous fungal pathogens. Recently, the epigenetic reader protein SntB was shown to govern virulence, spore production and mycotoxin synthesis in the fruit pathogen Penicillium expansum. Through immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry, we found that SntB is a member of a protein complex with KdmB, a histone demethylase and the essential protein RpdA, a histone deacetylase. Deletion of kdmB phenocopied some but not all characteristics of the ΔsntB mutant. KdmB deletion strains exhibited reduced lesion development on Golden Delicious apples and this was accompanied by decreased production of patulin and citrinin in host tissue. In addition, ΔkdmB mutants were sensitive to several cell wall stressors which possibly contributed to the decreased virulence observed on apples. Slight differences in spore production and germination rates of ΔkdmB mutants in vitro did not impact overall diameter growth in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omer Barda
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joanna Tannous
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dean Frawley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Özgür Bayram
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dov Prusky
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Edward Sionov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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17
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Zhao M, Li J, Zhou S, Li K, Niu L, Zhao L, Xu D. Analysis of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the secondary metabolites and antioxidants in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the underlying mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:165768. [PMID: 37516166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is key for mediating responses to environmental stress, but few studies have examined how the relationship between secondary metabolism and the stress response of plants is affected by exposure to antibiotics. Here, we studied the effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) on the secondary metabolism and antioxidant activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). SMZ significantly affected the growth of rape seedlings. Low and high concentrations of SMZ induced the production of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rape seedlings, which damaged cells. SMZ stress altered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). SMZ promoted the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumaric acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The content of secondary metabolites changed. The content of phenolic acids and flavonoids increased, and the content of sinapine and anthocyanins was altered to cope with the oxidative damage induced by antibiotics. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed metabolites were mainly involved in Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. SMZ alters the secondary metabolites of rapeseed, which mitigates the deleterious effects of stress, by modulating upstream secondary metabolism pathways and the production of plant hormones involved in signal transduction. In sum, these results provide a new perspective on the effects of SMZ on plants relative to secondary metabolites and improve our understanding of the toxicity of SMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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18
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Amses K, Desiró A, Bryson A, Grigoriev I, Mondo S, Lipzen A, LaButti K, Riley R, Singan V, Salazar-Hamm P, King J, Ballou E, Pawlowska T, Adeleke R, Bonito G, Uehling J. Convergent reductive evolution and host adaptation in Mycoavidus bacterial endosymbionts of Mortierellaceae fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103838. [PMID: 37716699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Intimate associations between fungi and intracellular bacterial endosymbionts are becoming increasingly well understood. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts of Mucoromycota fungi are related either to free-living Burkholderia or Mollicutes species. The so-called Burkholderia-related endosymbionts or BRE comprise Mycoavidus, Mycetohabitans and Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum. These endosymbionts are marked by genome contraction thought to be associated with intracellular selection. However, the conclusions drawn thus far are based on a very small subset of endosymbiont genomes, and the mechanisms leading to genome streamlining are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to better understand how intracellular existence shapes Mycoavidus and BRE functionally at the genome level. To this end we generated and analyzed 14 novel draft genomes for Mycoavidus living within the hyphae of Mortierellomycotina fungi. We found that our novel Mycoavidus genomes were significantly reduced compared to free-living Burkholderiales relatives. Using a genome-scale phylogenetic approach including the novel and available existing genomes of Mycoavidus, we show that the genus is an assemblage composed of two independently derived lineages including three well supported clades of Mycoavidus. Using a comparative genomic approach, we shed light on the functional implications of genome reduction, documenting shared and unique gene loss patterns between the three Mycoavidus clades. We found that many endosymbiont isolates demonstrate patterns of vertical transmission and host-specificity, but others are present in phylogenetically disparate hosts. We discuss how reductive evolution and host specificity reflect convergent adaptation to the intrahyphal selective landscape, and commonalities of eukaryotic endosymbiont genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Amses
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Alessandro Desiró
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA
| | - Abigail Bryson
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen Mondo
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert Riley
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vasanth Singan
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Paris Salazar-Hamm
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Jason King
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ballou
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank S10 2TN, UK
| | - Teresa Pawlowska
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private bag X6001, 2520, South Africa
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA
| | - Jessie Uehling
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
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19
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Nicoll C, Mascotti M. Investigating the biochemical signatures and physiological roles of the FMO family using molecular phylogeny. BBA Adv 2023; 4:100108. [PMID: 38034983 PMCID: PMC10682829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B flavin-dependent monooxygenases are employed in swathes of different physiological functions. Despite their collectively large substrate profile, they all harness a flavin-based C4a-(hydro)peroxy intermediate for function. Within this class are the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), representing an integral component within the secondary metabolism of all living things - xenobiotic detoxification. Their broad substrate profile makes them ideal candidates for detoxifying procedures as they can tackle a range of compounds. Recent studies have illustrated that several FMOs, however, have unique substrate profiles and differing physiological functions that implicate new roles within secondary and primary metabolism. Herein this article, by employing phylogenetic approaches, and inspecting structures of AlphaFold generated models, we have constructed a biochemical blueprint of the FMO family. FMOs are clustered in four distinct groups, with two being predominantly dedicated to xenobiotic detoxification. Furthermore, we observe that differing enzymatic activities are not constricted to a 'golden' set of residues but instead an intricate constellation of primary and secondary sphere residues. We believe that this work delineates the core phylogeny of the Group B monooxygenases and will prove useful for classifying newly sequenced genes and provide directions to future biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.R. Nicoll
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M.L. Mascotti
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
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20
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Liu Y, Tang N, Lin D, Deng W, Li Z. Integration of multi-omics analyses highlights the secondary metabolism response of tomato fruit to low temperature storage. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113316. [PMID: 37803628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate low temperature storage usually leads to quality deterioration of harvested tomato fruits. In this study, we performed comparative metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses to comprehensively understand the effects of low temperature on metabolic changes in tomato fruit (fresh fruit, C0d; 4 °C 8 days, C8d; 4 °C 7 days and then 25 °C 1 day, C7dS1). Large amounts of secondary metabolites (including flavonoids and phenolic acids) increased after low temperature treatment. The overlap differentially accumulated metabolites in three comparative groups (C0d vs. C8d, C0d vs. C7dS1, C8d vs. C7dS1) were mainly flavonoid metabolites. A total of 1438 differentially expressed genes identified in these three comparative groups were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathways. Similarly, proteomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the secondary metabolites biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. There was a strong correlation between changes in flavonoid metabolites and the expression of chalcone synthase (SlCHS), chalcone isomerase-like (SlCHIL), and coumarate 3-hydroxylase (SlC3H), which are involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Additionally, seven differentially expressed MYB transcription factors were identified; SlMYB91, SlMYB106, and SlMYB70 strongly correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis structural genes after low temperature treatment. Other genes involved in fruit ripening and quality were also affected by low temperature. The data generated in this study may unravel the transcriptional regulatory network of secondary metabolism associated with low-temperature storage and provide a solid foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China.
| | - Ning Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160 Chongqing, China.
| | - Dongbo Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China.
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21
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Wang Z, Ma L, Chen C, Guo L, Guo L, Zhao T, Liu D. Effects of phosphorus stress on the growth and secondary metabolism of Artemisia argyi. J Plant Res 2023; 136:879-889. [PMID: 37535187 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential in critical plant processes such as signaling, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and enzyme activity during respiration. Phosphorus stress therefore has a significant impact on plant growth and metabolism. Here, we characterized the biochemical responses of Artemisia argyi Level. et Vant to low phosphorus (LP) and high phosphorus (HP) stress. Plants were treated with 0 g (LP), 1.5 g (control), or 3 g (HP) P per 10 kg of soil. The results demonstrated that CK encouraged the most plant growth, as quantified by leaf size and plant biomass. We also found that the total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds (such as chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, hispidulin, jaceosidin, eupatilin, and casticin) were increased in the leaves of A. argyi plants exposed to LP stress compared to those raised under CK conditions. The levels of these compounds were inversely related to the amount of phosphorus added, and therefore peaked in plants treated with LP stress. Levels of terpenoids were also found to fluctuate under LP and HP stress compared to CK conditions. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses showed up-regulation of several genes encoding key enzymes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid metabolic pathways under LP stress. There were also alterations in the expression levels of genes in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate and mevalonate pathways of terpene synthesis. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying phosphorus stress responses and their impacts on the growth and quality of the economically important species A. argyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Changjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lujuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Dahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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22
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Zhang S, Yang W, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhang S, Gao L. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of Scleroderma yunnanense, the only edible Scleroderma species. Genomics 2023; 115:110727. [PMID: 37839651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma yunnanense, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, is a popular edible mushroom within the Yunnan Province of Southwest China that holds great ecological and economic implications. However, despite its significance, there remains limited information about this species. Therefore, we sequenced S. yunnanense genome to identify the functional genes of S. yunnanense involved in secondary metabolite and carbohydrate production pathways. First, we present the 40.43 Mb high-quality reference genome for S. yunnanense, distributed across 35 contigs; moreover, the N50 contig size was found to reach 3.31 Mb and contained 8877 functional genes. Finally, genome annotation was conducted to compare the functional genes of S. yunnanense with protein sequences from different publicly available databases. Taken together, we identified 12 biosynthetic gene clusters across 10 contigs; among these were 13 key mevalonate (MVA) pathway enzymes, a key tyrosinase enzyme in the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) pathway that is responsible for producing DOPA melanins, and 16 enzymes involved in uridine diphosphate glucose biosynthesis. Overall, this study presents the first genome assembly and annotation of S. yunnanense; ultimately, this information will be important in the elucidation of the biological activities and artificial domestication of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Chuanguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Wenshan Prefecture Central Blood Station, Yunnan 663099, China
| | - Lanjing Gao
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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23
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Geistodt-Kiener A, Totozafy JC, Le Goff G, Vergne J, Sakai K, Ouazzani J, Mouille G, Viaud M, O'Connell RJ, Dallery JF. Yeast-based heterologous production of the Colletochlorin family of fungal secondary metabolites. Metab Eng 2023; 80:216-231. [PMID: 37863177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic studies have revealed that fungal pathogens of plants activate the expression of numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) exclusively when in presence of a living host plant. The identification and structural elucidation of the corresponding secondary metabolites remain challenging. The aim was to develop a polycistronic system for heterologous expression of fungal BGCs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we adapted a polycistronic vector for efficient, seamless and cost-effective cloning of biosynthetic genes using in vivo assembly (also called transformation-assisted recombination) directly in Escherichia coli followed by heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. Two vectors were generated with different auto-inducible yeast promoters and selection markers. The effectiveness of these vectors was validated with fluorescent proteins. As a proof-of-principle, we applied our approach to the Colletochlorin family of molecules. These polyketide secondary metabolites were known from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum but had never been linked to their biosynthetic genes. Considering the requirement for a halogenase, and by applying comparative genomics, we identified a BGC putatively involved in the biosynthesis of Colletochlorins in C. higginsianum. Following the expression of those genes in S. cerevisiae, we could identify the presence of the precursor Orsellinic acid, Colletochlorins and their non-chlorinated counterparts, the Colletorins. In conclusion, the polycistronic vectors described herein were adapted for the host S. cerevisiae and allowed to link the Colletochlorin compound family to their corresponding biosynthetic genes. This system will now enable the production and purification of infection-specific secondary metabolites of fungal phytopathogens. More widely, this system could be applied to any fungal BGC of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Chrisologue Totozafy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Justine Vergne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kaori Sakai
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Muriel Viaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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24
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Paasela T, Lim KJ, Pavicic M, Harju A, Venäläinen M, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Kärkkäinen K, Teeri TH. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Regulators of the Scots Pine Stilbene Pathway. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1204-1219. [PMID: 37674261 PMCID: PMC10579783 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes accumulate in Scots pine heartwood where they have important roles in protecting wood from decaying fungi. They are also part of active defense responses, and their production is induced by different (a)biotic stressors. The specific transcriptional regulators as well as the enzyme responsible for activating the stilbene precursor cinnamate in the pathway are still unknown. UV-C radiation was the first discovered artificial stress activator of the pathway. Here, we describe a large-scale transcriptomic analysis of pine needles in response to UV-C and treatment with translational inhibitors, both activating the transcription of stilbene pathway genes. We used the data to identify putative candidates for the missing CoA ligase and for pathway regulators. We further showed that the pathway is transcriptionally activated by phosphatase inhibitor, ethylene and jasmonate treatments, as in grapevine, and that the stilbene synthase promoter retains its inducibility in some of the tested conditions in Arabidopsis, a species that normally does not synthesize stilbenes. Shared features between gymnosperm and angiosperm regulation and partially retained inducibility in Arabidopsis suggest that pathway regulation occurs not only via ancient stress-response pathway(s) but also via species-specific regulators. Understanding which genes control the biosynthesis of stilbenes in Scots pine aids breeding of more resistant trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Mirko Pavicic
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Anni Harju
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Vipusenkuja 5, Savonlinna 57200, Finland
| | - Martti Venäläinen
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Vipusenkuja 5, Savonlinna 57200, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Katri Kärkkäinen
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksentie 3, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Teemu H Teeri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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25
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Yoshizumi T, Shibui Y, Kogo M, Honma S, Ito S, Yajima S, Sasaki Y. Mycothiol maintains the homeostasis and signalling of nitric oxide in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:285. [PMID: 37798648 PMCID: PMC10552308 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed a nitric oxide (NO) metabolic cycle in which NO, nitrate (NO3-), and nitrite (NO2-) circulate. The NO produced in this cycle serves as a signalling molecule that regulates actinorhodin (ACT) production via the DevS/DevR NO-dependent two-component system (TCS) in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NO signalling in S. coelicolor have not yet been elucidated. Mycothiol (MSH), a thiol molecule produced by Actinomyces, is involved in the defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. Therefore, this study focused on the correlation between intracellular NO and MSH levels. RESULTS To investigate the interaction of MSH with endogenously produced NO, we generated an S. coelicolor A3(2) strain deficient in MSH biosynthesis. This mutant strain exhibited a decrease in low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols and intracellular NO levels during culture compared to those of the wild-type strain. Moreover, the mutant strain exhibited reduced activity of the DevS/DevR TCS, a regulator of NO homeostasis and ACT production, from the early stage of culture, along with a decrease in ACT production compared to those of the wild-type strain. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MSH maintains intracellular NO homeostasis by forming S-nitrosomycothiol, which induces NO signalling. Finally, we propose a metabolic model in which MSH from endogenously produced NO facilitates the maintenance of both NO homeostasis and signalling in S. coelicolor A3(2) M145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshizumi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shibui
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Minori Kogo
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sota Honma
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Setagaya-Ku, 156-8502, Japan.
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You H, Li S, Chen Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Dennis M, Li C, Yang D. Global proteome and lysine succinylation analyses provide insights into the secondary metabolism in Salvia miltiorrhiza. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104959. [PMID: 37478968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, belongs to the Lamiaceae family, and its scientific name is Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It is a valuable medicinal plant to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lysine succinylation, a widespread modification found in various organisms, plays a critical role in regulating secondary metabolism in plants. The hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were subject to proteomic analysis to identify lysine succinylation sites using affinity purification and HPLC-MS/MS in this investigation. Our findings reveal 566 lysine succinylation sites in 348 protein sequences. We observed 110 succinylated proteins related to secondary metabolism, totaling 210 modification sites. Our analysis identified 53 types of enzymes among the succinylated proteins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). PAL, a crucial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids, displayed succinylation at two sites. ALDH, which participates in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, was succinylated at 8 eight sites. These observations suggest that lysine succinylation may play a vital role in regulating the production of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our study may provide valuable insights for further investigation on plant succinylation, specifically as a reference point. SIGNIFICANCE: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a valuable medicinal plant that prevents and treats cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lysine succinylation plays a critical role in regulating secondary metabolism in plants. The hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were subject to proteomic analysis to identify lysine succinylation sites using affinity purification and HPLC-MS/MS in this investigation. These observations suggest that lysine succinylation may act as a vital role in regulating the production of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our study may provide valuable insights for further investigation on succinylation in plants, specifically as a reference point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqian You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mans Dennis
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Long L, Zhao XT, Feng YM, Fan ZH, Zhao JR, Wu JF, Xu FC, Yuan M, Gao W. Profile of cotton flavonoids: Their composition and important roles in development and adaptation to adverse environments. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107866. [PMID: 37392667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a commercial crop that is cultivated in more than 50 countries. The production of cotton has severely diminished in recent years owing to adverse environments. Thus, it is a high priority of the cotton industry to produce resistant cultivars to prevent diminished cotton yields and quality. Flavonoids comprise one of the most important groups of phenolic metabolites in plants. However, the advantage and biological roles of flavonoids in cotton have yet not been studied in depth. In this study, we performed a widely targeted metabolic study and identified 190 flavonoids in cotton leaves that span seven different classes with flavones and flavonols as the dominant groups. Furthermore, flavanone-3-hydroxylase was cloned and silenced to knock down flavonoid production. The results show that the inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis affects the growth and development of cotton and causes semi-dwarfing in cotton seedlings. We also revealed that the flavonoids contribute to cotton defense against ultraviolet radiation and Verticillium dahliae. Moreover, we discuss the promising role of flavonoids in cotton development and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable information to study the variety and biological functions of flavonoids in cotton and will help to profile the advantages of flavonoids in cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Long
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China; School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan, 4750004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Ya-Mei Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hao Fan
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan, 4750004, PR China
| | - Jing-Ruo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China; School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan, 4750004, PR China
| | - Fu-Chun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China; Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, 046000, PR China
| | - Man Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan, 475004, PR China; School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan, 4750004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Henan, 475004, PR China.
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Schüller A, Studt-Reinhold L, Berger H, Silvestrini L, Labuda R, Güldener U, Gorfer M, Bacher M, Doppler M, Gasparotto E, Gattesco A, Sulyok M, Strauss J. Genome analysis of Cephalotrichum gorgonifer and identification of the biosynthetic pathway for rasfonin, an inhibitor of KRAS dependent cancer. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 37355668 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi are important sources for bioactive compounds that find their applications in many important sectors like in the pharma-, food- or agricultural industries. In an environmental monitoring project for fungi involved in soil nitrogen cycling we also isolated Cephalotrichum gorgonifer (strain NG_p51). In the course of strain characterisation work we found that this strain is able to naturally produce high amounts of rasfonin, a polyketide inducing autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis in human cell lines and showing anti-tumor activity in KRAS-dependent cancer cells. RESULTS In order to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of rasfonin, the strain was genome sequenced, annotated, submitted to transcriptome analysis and genetic transformation was established. Biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) prediction revealed the existence of 22 BGCs of which the majority was not expressed under our experimental conditions. In silico prediction revealed two BGCs with a suite of enzymes possibly involved in rasfonin biosynthesis. Experimental verification by gene-knock out of the key enzyme genes showed that one of the predicted BGCs is indeed responsible for rasfonin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a biosynthetic gene cluster containing a key-gene responsible for rasfonin production. Additionally, molecular tools were established for the non-model fungus Cephalotrichum gorgonifer which allows strain engineering and heterologous expression of the BGC for high rasfonin producing strains and the biosynthesis of rasfonin derivates for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schüller
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lena Studt-Reinhold
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Harald Berger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lucia Silvestrini
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- DGforLife, Operations - Research and Development, Via Albert Einstein, Marcallo c.C., 20010, Milan, Italy
| | - Roman Labuda
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- Department of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
- German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-LorenzStraße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Maria Doppler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Erika Gasparotto
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arianna Gattesco
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Campus Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Han H, Wang C, Yang X, Wang L, Ye J, Xu F, Liao Y, Zhang W. Role of bZIP transcription factors in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. Planta 2023; 258:13. [PMID: 37300575 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of the structure, classification, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of the basic (region) leucine zipper transcription factors and their molecular mechanisms in flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, phenolic acid, and lignin biosynthesis. Basic (region) leucine zippers (bZIPs) are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) in eukaryotic organisms. The bZIP TFs are widely distributed in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development, photomorphogenesis, signal transduction, resistance to pathogenic microbes, biotic and abiotic stress, and secondary metabolism. Moreover, the expression of bZIP TFs not only promotes or inhibits the accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, but also affects the stress response of plants to the external adverse environment. This paper describes the structure, classification, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms of bZIP TFs. In addition, the molecular mechanism of bZIP TFs regulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and lignin are also elaborated. This review provides a summary for in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of bZIP TFs regulating the synthesis pathway of secondary metabolites and plant molecular breeding, which is of significance for the generation of beneficial secondary metabolites and the improvement of plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Han
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Caini Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
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Zhao Y, Liu G, Yang F, Liang Y, Gao Q, Xiang C, Li X, Yang R, Zhang G, Jiang H, Yu L, Yang S. Multilayered regulation of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Mol Hortic 2023; 3:11. [PMID: 37789448 PMCID: PMC10514987 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a huge reservoir of secondary metabolites (SMs), substances with significant pharmaceutical and industrial potential. However, obtaining secondary metabolites remains a challenge due to their low-yield accumulation in medicinal plants; moreover, these secondary metabolites are produced through tightly coordinated pathways involving many spatiotemporally and environmentally regulated steps. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors; a second, more recently discovered layer of complexity in the regulation of SMs is epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and small RNA-based mechanisms, which can jointly or separately influence secondary metabolites by regulating gene expression. Here, we summarize the findings in the fields of genetic and epigenetic regulation with a special emphasis on SMs in medicinal plants, providing a new perspective on the multiple layers of regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guanze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chunfan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Run Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China.
| | - Shengchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China.
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Yu W, Pei R, Zhou J, Zeng B, Tu Y, He B. Molecular regulation of fungal secondary metabolism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:204. [PMID: 37209190 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many bioactive secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have important applications in many fields, such as agriculture, food, medical and others. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes and transcription factors, which are regulated at different levels. In this review, we describe our current understanding on molecular regulation of fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis, such as environmental signal regulation, transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation. The effects of transcription factors on the secondary metabolites produced by fungi were mainly introduced. It was also discussed that new secondary metabolites could be found in fungi and the production of secondary metabolites could be improved. We also highlight the importance of understanding the molecular regulation mechanisms to activate silent secondary metabolites and uncover their physiological and ecological functions. By comprehensively understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, we can develop strategies to improve the production of these compounds and maximize their potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongqiang Pei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Zhanjiang Preschool Education College, Zhanjiang, 524084, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
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Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang F, Chen T, Fan J, Deng X, Lei X, Zeng B, Zhang Z. The C 2H 2-type zinc-finger regulator AoKap5 is required for the growth and kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 167:103813. [PMID: 37211343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is an important filamentous fungus widely used for the industrial production of fermented foods and secondary metabolites. The clarifying of the mechanism of the growth and secondary metabolites in A. oryzae is important for its industrial production and utilization. Here, the C2H2-type zinc-finger protein AoKap5 was characterized to be involved in the growth and kojic acid production in A. oryzae. The Aokap5-disrupted mutants were constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which displayed increased colony growth but decreased conidial formation. Deletion of Aokap5 enhanced the tolerance to cell-wall and oxidative but not osmotic stress. The transcriptional activation assay revealed that AoKap5 itself didn't have transcriptional activation activity. Disruption of Aokap5 resulted in the reduced production of kojic acid, coupled with the reduced expression of the kojic acid synthesis genes kojA and kojT. Meanwhile, overexpression of kojT could rescue the decreased production of kojic acid in Aokap5-deletion strain, indicating that Aokap5 serves upstream of kojT. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that AoKap5 could directly bind to the kojT promoter. These findings suggest that AoKap5 regulates kojic acid production through binding to the kojT promoter. This study provides an insight into the role of zinc finger protein in the growth and kojic acid biosynthesis of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Junxia Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Xiaocui Lei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China; College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science andTechnology Normal University, Nanchang330013, China.
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Fan L, Wang J, Leng F, Li S, Ma X, Wang X, Wang Y. Effects of time-space conversion on microflora structure, secondary metabolites composition and antioxidant capacity of Codonopsis pilosula root. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 198:107659. [PMID: 37031545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the relationship between medicinal plant Codonopsis pilosula phenotype, secondary metabolites, antioxidant capacity and its rhizosphere soil nutrients, root-related microorganisms under seasonal and geographical changes, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the bacterial community structure and variation in rhizosphere soil and root endosphere from six regions of Dingxi City, Gansu Province during four seasons. Secondary metabolites composition and antioxidant capacities of C. pilosula root collected successively from four seasons were determined. The chemical properties, nutrient content and enzyme activities of rhizosphere of C. pilosula were significantly different under different temporal and spatial conditions. All soil samples were alkaline (pH 7.64-8.42), with water content ranging from 9.53% to 19.95%, and electrical conductivity varied widely, showing obvious time-scale effects. Different time scales were the main reasons for the diversity and structure of rhizosphere bacterial community of C. pilosula. The diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacterial community in autumn and winter were higher than those in spring and summer, and bacterial community structure in spring and summer was more similar to that in autumn and winter. The root length and diameter of C. pilosula showed significant time gradient difference under different spatiotemporal conditions. Nutrition and niche competition lead to significant synergistic or antagonistic interactions between rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria, which invisibly affect soil properties, abundance of functional bacteria and even yield and quality of C. pilosula. Soil properties, rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria directly promoted root phenotype, stress resistance and polysaccharide accumulation of C. pilosula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jiangqin Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine), Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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M'Rah S, Marichali A, M'Rabet Y, Chatti S, Casabianca H, Hosni K. Morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of zinc-stressed caraway plants. Protoplasma 2023; 260:853-868. [PMID: 36329347 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of zinc supply (0, 1, and 2 mM Zn as ZnSO4) on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of caraway (Carum carvi L.). Exposure to different Zn concentrations for 12 weeks compromised severely all growth parameters (plant height, number of secondary branches, diameter of primary and secondary branches, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and roots) yield and its components (number of umbels per primary branches and secondary branches; number of umbel per plant; number of seeds per plant; and the weight of 1000 seeds). These manifestations were intimately linked with excessive accumulation of Zn in roots and leaves, alteration of the content of photosynthetic pigments, and extended lipid peroxidation. A manifest increment of proline and soluble sugar content was also observed in response to Zn application. Lipid content in seeds was dropped in Zn-treated plants and the fatty acid profiles were profoundly affected as they were enriched with saturated fatty acids at the expense of unsaturated ones. While improving their oxidative stability as revealed by the reduced values calculated oxidizability and oxidative susceptibility, Zn treatment reduced the lipid nutritional quality of caraway seeds. Moreover, Zn treatment reduced the essential oil yield and its main component carvone while it enhanced the content of its precursor limonene. It also induced alteration of terpene metabolism as revealed in the redirection of the carbon flux to the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway resulting in the stimulation of the production of phenolic compounds and their subsequent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah M'Rah
- Laboratoire Des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche Et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Biorechpôle de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Productivité Végétale Et Contraintes Environnementales, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Marichali
- Laboratoire Des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche Et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Biorechpôle de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Yassine M'Rabet
- Laboratoire Des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche Et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Biorechpôle de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Saber Chatti
- Laboratoire Des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche Et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Biorechpôle de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hervé Casabianca
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de La Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karim Hosni
- Laboratoire Des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche Et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Biorechpôle de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
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Zhao L, Liu H, Peng K, Huang X. Cold-upregulated glycosyltransferase gene 1 (OsCUGT1) plays important roles in rice height and spikelet fertility. J Plant Res 2023; 136:383-396. [PMID: 36952116 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) regulate many physiological processes and stress responses in plants. However, little is known about the function of GT in rice development. In this study, molecular analyses revealed that the expression of a rice GT gene (Cold-Upregulated Glycosyltransferase Gene 1, CUGT1) is developmentally controlled and stress-induced. OsCUGT1 was knocked out by using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system to obtain the mutant oscugt1, which showed a severe dwarf and sterility phenotype. Further cytological analyses indicated that the dwarfism seen in the oscugt1 mutant might be caused by fewer and smaller cells. Histological pollen analysis suggests that the spikelet sterility in oscugt1 mutants may be caused by abnormal microsporogenesis. Moreover, multiple transgenic plants with knockdown of OsCUGT1 expression through RNA interference were obtained, which also showed obvious defects in plant height and fertility. RNA sequencing revealed that multiple biological processes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cytokinin metabolism and pollen development are affected in the oscugt1 mutant. Overall, these results suggest that rice OsCUGT1 plays an essential role in rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kangli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Du Z, Peng Z, Yang H, Wu H, Sun J, Huang L. Identification and functional characterization of three cytochrome P450 genes for the abietane diterpenoid biosynthesis in Isodon lophanthoides. Planta 2023; 257:90. [PMID: 36991182 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We identify two ferruginol synthases and a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Isodon lophanthoides and propose their involvement in two independent abietane diterpenoids biosynthetic pathways. Isodon lophanthoides is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in highly oxidized abietane-type diterpenoids. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, yet the biosynthesis is barely known. Here, we describe the screening and functional characterization of P450s that oxidize the abietane skeleton abietatriene. We mainly focused on CYP76 family and identified 12 CYP76AHs by mining the RNA-seq data of I. lophanthoides. Among the 12 CYP76AHs, 6 exhibited similar transcriptional expression features as upstream diterpene synthases, including root or leaf-preferential expression pattern and highly MeJA inducibility. These six P450s were considered as first-tier candidates and functionally characterized in yeast and plant cells. In yeast assays showed that both CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were ferruginol synthases hydroxylating the C12 position of abietatriene, whereas CYP76AH46 was characterized as a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase which catalyzes two successive oxidations at C12 and C11 of abietatriene. Heterologous expression of three CYP76AHs in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the formation of ferruginol. qPCR analysis showed CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were mainly expressed in the root, which was consistent with the distribution of ferruginol in the root periderms. CYP76AH46 was primarily expressed in the leaves where barely ferruginol or 11-hydroxyferruginol was detected. In addition to distinct organ-specific expression pattern, three CYP76AHs exhibited different genomic structures (w or w/o introns), low protein sequence identities (51-63%) and were placed in separate subclades in the phylogenetic tree. These results suggest that the identified CYP76AHs may be involved in at least two independent abietane biosynthetic pathways in the aerial and underground parts of I. lophanthoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqiu Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Sui Z, Wei C, Wang X, Zhou H, Liu C, Mai K, He G. Nutrient sensing signaling and metabolic responses in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under acute ammonia stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 253:114672. [PMID: 36827896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is the primary environmental factor affecting the growth and health of crustaceans. It would induce oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Extra amount of energy was demanded to maintain the physiological functions under ammonia stress. However, limited information was available on its effects on the main nutrient metabolism, as well as the nutrient sensing signaling pathways. In the present study, shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to acute ammonia stress and injected with amino acid solution. The results showed that acute ammonia exposure resulted in lower free amino acid levels in hemolymph, incomplete activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and cascaded less protein synthesis in muscle. It induced autophagy and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Meanwhile, ammonia exposure enhanced glycolysis and lipogenesis, but inhibited lipolysis. The results characterized the integrated metabolic responses and nutrient signaling to ammonia stress. It provides critical clues to understand the growth performance and physiological responses in shrimp under ammonia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chaoqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Anthony BM, Chaparro JM, Prenni JE, Minas IS. Carbon sufficiency boosts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis early in peach fruit development priming superior fruit quality. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:1019-1031. [PMID: 36898214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the crop load in peach trees determines carbon supply and optimum balance between fruit yield and quality potentials. The impact of carbon supply on peach fruit quality was assessed in three development stages (S2, S3, S4) on fruit of equal maturity from trees that were carbon (C) starved (unthinned) and sufficient (thinned). Previous studies determined that primary metabolites of peach fruit mesocarp are mainly linked with developmental processes, thus, the secondary metabolite profile was assessed using non-targeted liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). Carbon sufficient (C-sufficient) fruit demonstrated superior quality attributes as compared to C-starved fruit. Early metabolic shifts in the secondary metabolome appear to prime quality at harvest. Enhanced C-availability facilitated the increased and consistent synthesis of flavonoids, like catechin, epicatechin and eriodyctiol, via the phenylpropanoid pathway, providing a link between the metabolome and fruit quality, and serving as signatures of C-sufficiency during peach fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon M Anthony
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Chaparro
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Ioannis S Minas
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
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Liu H, Qiao J, Shangguan J, Zhu J. Effects of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase on reactive oxygen species in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1845-61. [PMID: 36754884 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism can regulate mycelial growth and secondary metabolism in Ganoderma lucidum. As an important enzyme in intracellular amino acid metabolism, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) has many physiological functions in animals and plants, but its function in fungi has been less studied. In the present study, two GOT isoenzymes were found in G. lucidum; one is located in the mitochondria (GOT1), and the other is located in the cytoplasm (GOT2). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was increased in got1 silenced strains and was approximately 1.5-fold higher than that in the wild-type (WT) strain, while silencing got2 did not affect the ROS level. To explore how GOT affects ROS in G. lucidum, experiments related to the generation and elimination of intracellular ROS were conducted. First, compared with that in the WT strain, the glutamate content, one of the substrates of GOT, decreased when got1 or got2 was knocked down, and the glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) (GSH) content decreased by approximately 38.6%, 19.3%, and 40.1% in got1 silenced strains, got2 silenced strains, and got1/2 co-silenced strains respectively. Second, GOT also affects glucose metabolism. The pyruvate (PA), acetyl-CoA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) contents decreased in got1 and got2 silenced strains, and the transcription levels of most genes involved in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle increased. The NADH content was increased in got1 silenced strains and got2 silenced strains, and the NAD+/NADH ratio was decreased, which might result in mitochondrial ROS production. Compared with the WT strain, the mitochondrial ROS level was approximately 1.5-fold higher in the got1 silenced strains. In addition, silencing of got1 or got2 resulted in a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Finally, ganoderic acid (GA) was increased by approximately 40% in got1 silenced strains compared with the WT strain, while silencing of got2 resulted in a 10% increase in GA biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the effect of GOT on ROS and secondary metabolism in fungi. KEY POINTS: • GOT plays important roles in ROS level in Ganoderma lucidum. • Silencing of got1 resulted in decrease in GSH content and antioxidant enzymes activities, but an increase in mitochondrial ROS level in G. lucidum. • Silencing of got1 and got2 resulted in an increase in ganoderic acid biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
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Jenkinson CB, Podgorny AR, Zhong C, Oakley BR. Computer-aided, resistance gene-guided genome mining for proteasome and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad045. [PMID: 38061800 PMCID: PMC10734572 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) are biologically active small molecules, many of which are medically valuable. Fungal genomes contain vast numbers of SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with unknown products, suggesting that huge numbers of valuable SMs remain to be discovered. It is challenging, however, to identify SM BGCs, among the millions present in fungi, that produce useful compounds. One solution is resistance gene-guided genome mining, which takes advantage of the fact that some BGCs contain a gene encoding a resistant version of the protein targeted by the compound produced by the BGC. The bioinformatic signature of such BGCs is that they contain an allele of an essential gene with no SM biosynthetic function, and there is a second allele elsewhere in the genome. We have developed a computer-assisted approach to resistance gene-guided genome mining that allows users to query large databases for BGCs that putatively make compounds that have targets of therapeutic interest. Working with the MycoCosm genome database, we have applied this approach to look for SM BGCs that target the proteasome β6 subunit, the target of the proteasome inhibitor fellutamide B, or HMG-CoA reductase, the target of cholesterol reducing therapeutics such as lovastatin. Our approach proved effective, finding known fellutamide and lovastatin BGCs as well as fellutamide- and lovastatin-related BGCs with variations in the SM genes that suggest they may produce structural variants of fellutamides and lovastatin. Gratifyingly, we also found BGCs that are not closely related to lovastatin BGCs but putatively produce novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY A new computer-assisted approach to resistance gene-directed genome mining is reported along with its use to identify fungal biosynthetic gene clusters that putatively produce proteasome and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory B Jenkinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,USA
| | - Adam R Podgorny
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,USA
| | - Cuncong Zhong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,USA
| | - Berl R Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045,USA
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Ishikawa E, Kanai S, Sue M. Detection of a novel intramolecular rearrangement during gramine biosynthesis in barley using stable isotope-labeled tryptophan. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101439. [PMID: 36843643 PMCID: PMC9950820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants accumulate various secondary metabolites, and the biosynthetic reactions responsible for their scaffold construction are the key steps that characterize their structural categories. Gramine, an indole alkaloid, is a defensive secondary metabolite biosynthesized in barley (Hordeum vulgare) from tryptophan (Trp) via aminomethylindole (AMI). While the two sequential N-methylation steps following the formation of AMI have already been characterized both genetically and enzymatically, the step preceding AMI formation, which includes the Trp side chain-shortening, has not yet been revealed. To gain further insight into these biosynthetic reactions, barley seedlings were fed Trp labeled with stable isotopes (13C and 15N) at various positions, and the isotope incorporation into gramine was analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant increases in the abundance of isotopic gramine were detected in experimental sets in which Trp was labeled at either the indole ring, the β-carbon, or the amino group, whereas the isotopolog composition was not affected by α-carbon-labeled Trp. Although absorbed Trp presumably undergoes transamination in plants, this reaction did not seem to be related to gramine productivity. The data indicated that AMI directly inherited the amino group from Trp, while the α-carbon was removed, suggesting that the Trp-AMI conversion includes a novel intramolecular rearrangement reaction. The results of this study provide novel insights into scaffold formation in plant secondary-metabolite synthesis.
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Narh Mensah DL, Wingfield BD, Coetzee MPA. Nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters and characteristics of predicted NRPS-dependent siderophore synthetases in Armillaria and other species in the Physalacriaceae. Curr Genet 2023; 69:7-24. [PMID: 36369495 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites are often pathogenicity or virulence factors synthesized by genes contained in secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs). Nonribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS) clusters are SMGCs which produce peptides such as siderophores, the high affinity ferric iron chelating compounds required for iron uptake under aerobic conditions. Armillaria spp. are mostly facultative necrotrophs of woody plants. NRPS-dependent siderophore synthetase (NDSS) clusters of Armillaria spp. and selected Physalacriaceae were investigated using a comparative genomics approach. Siderophore biosynthesis by strains of selected Armillaria spp. was evaluated using CAS and split-CAS assays. At least one NRPS cluster and other clusters were detected in the genomes studied. No correlation was observed between the number and types of SMGCs and reported pathogenicity of the species studied. The genomes contained one NDSS cluster each. All NDSSs were multi-modular with the domain architecture (ATC)3(TC)2. NDSS clusters of the Armillaria spp. showed a high degree of microsynteny. In the genomes of Desarmillaria spp. and Guyanagaster necrorhizus, NDSS clusters were more syntenic with NDSS clusters of Armillaria spp. than to those of the other Physalacriaceae species studied. Three A-domain orthologous groups were identified in the NDSSs, and atypical Stachelhaus codes were predicted for the A3 orthologous group. In vitro biosynthesis of mainly hydroxamate and some catecholate siderophores was observed. Hence, Armillaria spp. generally contain one highly conserved, NDSS cluster although some interspecific variations in the products of these clusters is expected. Results from this study lays the groundwork for future studies to elucidate the molecular biology of fungal phyto-pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Narh Mensah
- Departments of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute (CSIR-FRI), P. O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Departments of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin P A Coetzee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Balsells-Llauradó M, Vall-Llaura N, Usall J, Silva CJ, Blanco-Ulate B, Teixidó N, Caballol M, Torres R. Transcriptional profiling of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and in vitro tests reveal putative roles of linalool and farnesal in nectarine resistance against brown rot. Plant Sci 2023; 327:111558. [PMID: 36493930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The most devastating fungal disease of peaches and nectarines is brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp. Among the many plant responses against biotic stress, plant terpenoids play essential protective functions, including antioxidant activities and inhibition of pathogen growth. Herein, we aimed to characterize the expression of terpenoid biosynthetic genes in fruit tissues that presented different susceptibility to brown rot. For that, we performed artificial inoculations with Monilinia laxa at two developmental stages (immature and mature fruit) of two nectarine cultivars ('Venus' -mid-early season cultivar - and 'Albared' -late season cultivar-) and in vitro tests of the key compounds observed in the transcriptional results. All fruit were susceptible to M. laxa except for immature 'Venus' nectarines. In response to the pathogen, the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway of the 'Venus' cultivar was highly induced in both stages rather than the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, being the expression of some MEP-related biosynthetic genes [e.g., PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE (PpPFT), and 3S-LINALOOL SYNTHASE (PpLIS)] different between stages. In 'Albared', both stages presented similar responses to M. laxa for both pathways. Comparisons between cultivars showed that HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-CoA REDUCTASE (PpHMGR1) expression levels were common in susceptible tissues. Within all the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, linalool- and farnesal-related pathways stood out for being upregulated only in resistant tissues, which suggest their role in mediating the resistance to M. laxa. The in vitro antifungal activity of linalool and farnesol (precursor of farnesal) revealed fungicidal and fungistatic activities against M. laxa, respectively, depending on the concentration tested. Understanding the different responses between resistant and susceptible tissues could be further considered for breeding or developing new strategies to control brown rot in stone fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balsells-Llauradó
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Christian J Silva
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Barbara Blanco-Ulate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Caballol
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Jin S, Hui M, Lu Y, Zhao Y. An overview on the two-component systems of Streptomyces coelicolor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:78. [PMID: 36645528 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-component system (TCS) found in various organisms is a regulatory system, which is involved in the response by the organism to stimuli, thereby regulating the internal behavior of the cell. It is commonly found in prokaryotes and is an important signaling system in bacteria. TCSs are involved in the regulation of physiological and morphological differentiation of the industrially important microbes from the genus Streptomyces, which produce a vast array of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). Genetic engineering of TCSs can substantially increase the yield of target SMs, which is valuable for industrial-scale production. Research on TCS has mainly been completed in the model strain Streptomyces coelicolor. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the functional identification and elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of various TCSs in S. coelicolor, with a focus on their roles in the biosynthesis of important SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Jin
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, 200234, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yawei Zhao
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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Mi Y, Li Y, Qian G, Vanhaelewyn L, Meng X, Liu T, Yang W, Shi Y, Ma P, Tul-Wahab A, Viczián A, Chen S, Sun W, Zhang D. A transcriptional complex of FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 coordinately regulates the accumulation of rutin in Fagopyrum tataricum. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:696-707. [PMID: 36565614 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is rich in flavonoids, which not only play an important role in the plant-environment interaction, but are also beneficial to human health. Rutin is a therapeutic flavonol which is massively accumulated in Tartary buckwheat. It has been demonstrated that transcription factors control rutin biosynthesis. However, the transcriptional regulatory network of rutin is not fully clear. In this study, through transcriptome and target metabolomics, we validated the role of FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 TFs at the different developmental stages of Tartary buckwheat. The elevated accumulation of rutin in the sprout appears to be closely associated with the expression of FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4. Yeast two-hybrid, transient luciferase activity and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 can interact and form a transcriptional complex. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid showed that both FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 directly bind to the promoter of chalcone isomerase (CHI), and they can coordinately induce CHI expression as shown by transient luciferase activity assay. Finally, we transferred FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 into the hairy roots of Tartary buckwheat and found that they both can promote the accumulation of rutin. Our results indicate that FtMYB102 and FtbHLH4 can form a transcriptional complex by inducing CHI expression to coordinately promote the accumulation of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolei Mi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Industrial Crop Research Insitute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610300, China
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Deroose Plants NV., Weststraat 129 A, 9940, Sleidinge, Belgium
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tingxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Atia Tul-Wahab
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - András Viczián
- Laboratory of Photo- and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Shelton KE, Mitchell DA. Bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation of RiPP recognition elements. Methods Enzymol 2022; 679:191-233. [PMID: 36682862 PMCID: PMC9871372 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a family of natural products for which discovery efforts have rapidly grown over the past decade. There are currently 38 known RiPP classes encoded by prokaryotes. Half of the prokaryotic RiPP classes include a protein domain called the RiPP Recognition Element (RRE) for successful installation of post-translational modifications on a RiPP precursor peptide. In most cases, the RRE domain binds to the N-terminal "leader" region of the precursor peptide, facilitating enzymatic modification of the C-terminal "core" region. The prevalence of the RRE domain renders it a theoretically useful bioinformatic handle for class-independent RiPP discovery; however, first-in-class RiPPs have yet to be isolated and experimentally characterized using an RRE-centric strategy. Moreover, with most known RRE domains engaging their cognate precursor peptide(s) with high specificity and nanomolar affinity, evaluation of the residue-specific interactions that govern RRE:substrate complexation is a necessary first step to leveraging the RRE domain for various bioengineering applications. This chapter details protocols for developing custom bioinformatic models to predict and annotate RRE domains in a class-specific manner. Next, we outline methods for experimental validation of precursor peptide binding using fluorescence polarization binding assays and in vitro enzyme activity assays. We anticipate the methods herein will guide and enhance future critical analyses of the RRE domain, eventually enabling its future use as a customizable tool for molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Shelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Zhao M, Li J, Zhou S, Rao G, Xu D. Effects of tetracycline on the secondary metabolites and nutritional value of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81222-81233. [PMID: 35731441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolism, which helps a plant cope with external stress, is sensitive to environmental changes and plays a prominent role in maintaining plant health. However, few studies of the effects of tetracycline on the relationships between secondary metabolism and plant stress responses have been performed. Here, secondary metabolism, nutritional value, and oxidative stress responses in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) exposed to tetracycline for 14 days were investigated. Tetracycline inhibited growth and biomass accumulation and decreased the chlorophyll content. The sinapine, phenol, and flavonoid contents were 118.46%, 99.67%, and 93.07% higher, respectively, but the carotenoid content was 76.47% lower in plants exposed to 8 mg/L tetracycline than the control plants. Tetracycline affected the nutritional value of oilseed rape. Tetracycline decreased the dietary fiber, soluble sugar contents, and microelement (Fe, Mn, and Zn) contents. The antioxidant system also responded strongly to tetracycline. The catalase and peroxidase activities were increased and the superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by tetracycline. Tetracycline caused oxidative damage and secondary metabolite disturbances and adversely affected oilseed rape growth and quality. The results provide a new perspective on the effects of tetracycline on plants in relation to secondary metabolites and improve our understanding involved in the toxicity of tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhao
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiwei Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Li N, Chen Y, Shen Y, Wang W. Roles of PKAc1 and CRE1 in cellulose degradation, conidiation, and yellow pigment synthesis in Trichoderma reesei QM6a. Biotechnol Lett 2022. [PMID: 36269496 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal the roles of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit 1 (pkac1) and carbon catabolite repressor cre1 genes in cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei wild-type strain QM6a. Our strategy might be useful to construct a high-yielding cellulase strain for its wide application. METHODS This paper describes cellulase activity, plate conidiation, and yellow pigment synthesis assays of QM6a with the disruption of pkac1 and cre1. RESULTS Deletion of pkac1 (Δpkac1) had no effect on cellulase production or transcript levels of major cellulase genes in the presence of cellulose. Disruption of cre1 (Δcre1) resulted in a remarkable increase in cellulase production and expression of the four major cellulase genes. Double disruption of pkac1 and cre1 significantly improved enzyme activity and protein production. The double disruption also resulted in a significant reduction in yellow pigment production and abrogated conidial production. CONCLUSION Double deletion of pkac1 and cre1 led to increased hydrolytic enzyme production in T. reesei using cellulose as a carbon source.
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Hu R, Zhang J, Jawdy S, Sreedasyam A, Lipzen A, Wang M, Ng V, Daum C, Keymanesh K, Liu D, Lu H, Ranjan P, Chen JG, Muchero W, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Schmutz J, Yang X. Comparative genomics analysis of drought response between obligate CAM and C 3 photosynthesis plants. J Plant Physiol 2022; 277:153791. [PMID: 36027837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants exhibit elevated drought and heat tolerance compared to C3 and C4 plants through an inverted pattern of day/night stomatal closure and opening for CO2 assimilation. However, the molecular responses to water-deficit conditions remain unclear in obligate CAM species. In this study, we presented genome-wide transcription sequencing analysis using leaf samples of an obligate CAM species Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi under moderate and severe drought treatments at two-time points of dawn (2-h before the start of light period) and dusk (2-h before the dark period). Differentially expressed genes were identified in response to environmental drought stress and a whole genome wide co-expression network was created as well. We found that the expression of CAM-related genes was not regulated by drought stimuli in K. fedtschenkoi. Our comparative analysis revealed that CAM species (K. fedtschenkoi) and C3 species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus deltoides 'WV94') share some common transcriptional changes in genes involved in multiple biological processes in response to drought stress, including ABA signaling and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Sara Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Avinash Sreedasyam
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35801, USA.
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Vivian Ng
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Christopher Daum
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Degao Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35801, USA; Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94589, USA.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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Leite VMB, Garrido LM, Tangerina MMP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Ferreira MJP, Padilla G. Genome mining of Streptomyces sp. BRB081 reveals the production of the antitumor pyrrolobenzodiazepine sibiromycin. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:249. [PMID: 36043042 PMCID: PMC9420162 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing a genome mining approach, this work aimed to further explore the secondary metabolism associated genes of Streptomyces sp. BRB081, a marine isolate. The genomic DNA of BRB081 was sequenced and assembled in a synteny-based pipeline for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) annotation. A total of 27 BGCs were annotated, including a sibiromycin complete cluster, a bioactive compound with potent antitumor activity. The production of sibiromycin, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine, was confirmed by the analysis of obtained BRB081 extract by HPLC-MS/MS, which showed the presence of the sibiromycin ions themselves, as well as its imine and methoxylated forms. To verify the presence of this cluster in other genomes available in public databases, a genome neighborhood network (GNN) was constructed with the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene from Streptomyces sp. BRB081. Although the literature does not report the occurrence of the sibiromycin BGC in any other microorganism than Streptosporangium sibiricum, we have located this BGC in 10 other genomes besides the BRB081 isolate, all of them belonging to the Actinomycetia class. These findings strengthen the importance of uninterrupted research for new producer strains of secondary metabolites with uncommon biological activities. These results reinforced the accuracy and robustness of genomics in the screening of natural products. Furthermore, the unprecedented nature of this discovery confirms the unknown metabolic potential of the Actinobacteria phylum and the importance of continuing screening studies in this taxon. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03305-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida M. B. Leite
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Garrido
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. P. Tangerina
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo J. P. Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
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