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Abboud S, Ouni A, Ben Abdallah RA, Bchir A, Ben Abdelwaheb S, Tlili D, Dbara S. Unraveling the effect of phenolic extract derived from olive mill solid wastes on agro-physiological and biochemical traits of pomegranate and its associated rhizospheric soil properties. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134234. [PMID: 38608584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural waste management poses a significant challenge in circular economy strategies. Olive mill wastes (OMW) contain valuable biomolecules, especially phenolic compounds, with significant agricultural potential. Our study evaluate the effects of phenolic extract (PE) derived from olive mill solid wastes (OMSW) on pomegranate agro-physiological and biochemical responses, as well as soil-related attributes. Pomegranate plants were treated with PE at doses of 100 ppm and 200 ppm via foliar spray (L100 and L200) and soil application (S100 and S200). Results showed increased biomass with PE treatments, especially with soil application (S100 and S200). Proline and soluble sugar accumulation in leaves suggested plant adaptation to PE with low-level stress. Additionally, PE application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Higher doses of PE (S200) significantly improved net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUEi), and photosynthetic efficiency (fv/fm and PIabs). Furthermore, PE treatments enhanced levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Soil application of PE also increased soil enzyme activities and microbial population. Our findings suggest the beneficial impact of PE application on pomegranate agro-physiological responses, laying the groundwork for further research across various plant species and soil types to introduce nutrient-enriched PE as an eco-friendly biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Abboud
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Azhar Ouni
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah
- LR21AGR03-Production and Protection for a Sustainable Horticulture (2PHD), Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Sahar Ben Abdelwaheb
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Darine Tlili
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Dbara
- Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, IRESA-University of Sousse, Chott mariem-Sousse, Tunisia; LR16IO02 Laboratory of sustainability of olive and fruit growing in semi-arid and arid environments, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Pandey R, Bargali SS, Bargali K, Karki H, Chaturvedi RK. Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and fine root decomposition in sub-tropical Shorea robusta Gaertner f. forests of Central Himalaya, India. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:170896. [PMID: 38369135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of spatial and temporal variability in edaphic, and climatic attributeson soil net nitrogen mineralization rate, and to understand the pattern of fine root decomposition of dominant and co-dominant tree species, and its influence on the nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Study was carried out at four different sites in sub-tropical forest ecosystems of Shorea robusta, in foothills of Central Himalayan region, India. Co-dominant tree species at four sites were Mallotus philippensis (site A), Glochidion velutinum (site B), Holarrhena pubescens (site C), and Tectona grandis (site D). Buried bag technique was used for nitrogen mineralization, while fine root decomposition was determined using fine root mesh bags. Seasonal variation, soil depth, soil characteristics, and site variability, all significantly (p < 0.05) affected nitrogen mineralization rates. Fine root decomposition was significantly affected by nutrient concentration of fine roots. Total mineral nitrogen was maximum at site D (16.24 ± 0.96 μg g-1 soil), while minimum at site C (10.10 ± 0.84 μg g-1 soil). Maximum nitrogen mineralization (13.18 ± 0.18 μg g-1 month-1) was recorded during summer season at site D, while the minimum nitrogen mineralization (3.20 ± 0.46 μg g-1 month-1) was recorded during rainy season at site C. Inorganic-N and net nitrogen mineralization was relatively higher in 0-20 cm soil layer than 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer. The fine roots showed 70.61-74.82 % weight loss on completion of 365 days of decomposition process. Maximum fine root decomposition was observed in the G. velutinum, and minimum in T. grandis. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between root nitrogen and carbon content, and decomposition rates per month. This study concluded that the spatial and temporal variability in soil nitrogen mineralization rates and fine root decomposition optimises nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, which can contribute to the development of sustainable forest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Pandey
- Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surendra Singh Bargali
- Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kiran Bargali
- Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Karki
- Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R K Chaturvedi
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests & Asian Elephant, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, PR China.
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Palencia P, Luis Guerrero J, Millán R, Mosqueda F, Pedro Bolívar J. Utilization of phosphogypsum and red mud in alfalfa cultivation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28751. [PMID: 38586365 PMCID: PMC10998199 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the utilization of phosphogypsum (PG), a waste coming from the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, as fertilizer for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crops was investigated using pot experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of both phosphogypsum and red mud (RM) in two soils representative of the pasture production area in Southern Spain. The morpho-physiological parameters of biomass, plant height, number of stems and number of leaves, as well as the chemical parameters of soil content, were measured. High doses of PG inhibited seed germination in some treatments. In addition, the treatment substrate (2550 g soil + 50 g kg-1 PG + 100 g kg-1 RM) also affected seed germination, possibly due to the large amount of RM. The application of PG and RM to the soil increased the availability of important nutrients for alfalfa, such as phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results demonstrate that the treatment with PG significantly improved the uptake of P in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Palencia
- Department of Organisms and System Biology, Polytechnic School of Mieres, Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Luis Guerrero
- Valorization of Waste and Environmental Radioactivity Unit, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Campus El carmen s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Rebeca Millán
- Valorization of Waste and Environmental Radioactivity Unit, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Campus El carmen s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fernando Mosqueda
- Valorization of Waste and Environmental Radioactivity Unit, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Campus El carmen s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Bolívar
- Valorization of Waste and Environmental Radioactivity Unit, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Campus El carmen s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain
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Jiang C, Zu C, Riaz M, Li C, Zhu Q, Xia H, Dong Q, Shen J. Influences of tobacco straw return with lime on microbial community structure of tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33241-w. [PMID: 38619769 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Soil amendment is an important strategy for improving soil quality and crop yield. From 2014 to 2019, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of tobacco straw return with lime on soil nutrients, soil microbial community structure, tobacco leaf yield, and quality in southern Anhui, China. A field experiment was conducted with four treatments: straw removed (CK), straw return (St), straw return with dolomite (St + D), and straw return with lime (St + L). Results showed that after 5 years of application, the St + L significantly increased the soil pH by 16.9%, and the contents of soil alkaline nitrogen (N) and available potassium (K) by 17.2% and 23.0%, respectively, compared with the CK. Moreover, the St + L significantly increased tobacco leaf yield (24.0%) and the appearance (9.1%) and sensory (5.9%) quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The addition of soil conditioners (straw, dolomite, and lime) increased both the total reads and effective sequences of soil microorganisms. Bacterial diversity was more sensitive to changes in the external environment compared to soil fungi. The application of soil amendments (lime and straw) promoted the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. Additionally, bacterial species had greater competition and limited availability of resources for survival compared to fungi. The results showed that soil microorganisms were significantly influenced by the presence of AK, AN, and pH contents. These findings can provide an effective method for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and guiding the amelioration of acidic soil in regions where tobacco-rice rotation is practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolong Zu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Anhui Provincial Tobacco Company, Hefei, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifa Zhu
- Anhui Wannan Leaf Tobacco Co. Ltd, Xuancheng, 242000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xia
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Dong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (AAAS), Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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Pinna MV, Diquattro S, Garau M, Grottola CM, Giudicianni P, Roggero PP, Castaldi P, Garau G. Combining biochar and grass-legume mixture to improve the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26478. [PMID: 38455572 PMCID: PMC10918015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of soil amendments with plants can be a viable option for restoring the functionality of PTEs-contaminated soils. Soil recovery could be further optimized through the mixed cropping of plant species (e.g. legumes and grasses) with different physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the phytoremediation ability of Vicia villosa Roth. And Lolium rigidum Gaud. Grown alone or in mixture in a soil contaminated with PTEs (C), i.e. Cd (23 mg kg-1), Pb (4473 mg kg-1) and Zn (3147 mg kg-1), and amended with 3% biochar (C + B). Biochar improved soil fertility and changed PTEs distribution, reducing soluble fractions and increasing the more stable ones. The addition of biochar increased the plant biomass of hairy vetch and annual ryegrass, both in monoculture and when in mixture. For example, shoot and root biomass of the C + B intercropped hairy vetch and annual ryegrass increased 9- and 7-fold, and ∼3-fold respectively, compared to the respective C plants. The biochar addition decreased PTE-uptake by both plants, while mixed cropping increased the uptake of PTEs by shoots of hairy vetch grown in C and C + B. The bioaccumulation, translocation factors, and mineralomass showed that hairy vetch and annual ryegrass behaved as phytostabilising plants. PTE mineralomasses proved that mixed cropping in C + B increased the overall capacity of PTE accumulation by plant tissues, particularly the root system. Therefore, the combination of biochar and legumes/grasses mixed cropping could be an effective solution for the recovery of PTEs-contaminated soils and the mitigation of their environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Pinna
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Diquattro
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Corinna Maria Grottola
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS) of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giudicianni
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS) of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Roggero
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Tripathi V, Gaur VK, Kaur I, Srivastava PK, Manickam N. Unlocking bioremediation potential for site restoration: A comprehensive approach for crude oil degradation in agricultural soil and phytotoxicity assessment. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120508. [PMID: 38457896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Crude oil contamination has inflicted severe damage to soil ecosystems, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of four different techniques (biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioaugmentation + biostimulation, and natural attenuation) for remediating agricultural soil contaminated with crude oil using soil microcosms. A consortium of previously characterized bacteria Xanthomonas boreopolis, Microbacterium schleiferi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus velezensis was constructed for bioaugmentation. The microbial count for the constructed consortium was recorded as 2.04 ± 0.11 × 108 CFU/g on 60 d in augmented and stimulated soil samples revealing their potential to thrive in chemically contaminated-stress conditions. The microbial consortium through bioaugmentation + biostimulation approach resulted in 79 ± 0.92% degradation of the total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (2 and 3 rings ∼ 74%, 4 and 5 rings ∼ 83% loss) whereas, 91 ± 0.56% degradation of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (C8-C16 ∼ 90%, C18-C28 ∼ 92%, C30 to C40 ∼ 88% loss) was observed in 60 d. Further, after 60 d of microcosm treatment, the treated soil samples were used for phytotoxicity assessment using wheat (Triticum aestivum), black chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and mustard (Brassica juncea). The germination rates for wheat (90%), black chickpea (100%), and mustard (100%) were observed in 7 d with improved shoot-root length and biomass in both bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches. This study projects a comprehensive approach integrating bacterial consortium and nutrient augmentation strategies and underscores the vital role of innovative environmental management practices in fostering sustainable remediation of oil-contaminated soil ecosystems. The formulated bacterial consortium with a nutrient augmentation strategy can be utilized to restore agricultural lands towards reduced phytotoxicity and improved plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tripathi
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Presently: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ispreet Kaur
- Department of Environmental Technologies, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Technologies, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kaštovská E, Mastný J, Konvička M. Rewilding by large ungulates contributes to organic carbon storage in soils. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120430. [PMID: 38428182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The concept of rewilding, which focuses on managing ecosystem functions through self-regulation by restoring trophic interactions through introduced animal species with little human intervention, has gained increasing attention as a proactive and efficient approach to restoring ecosystems quickly and on a large scale. However, the science of rewilding has been criticized for being largely theory-based rather than evidence-based, with available data being geographically biased towards the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries, and a lack of objective data on rewilding effects on soil processes and C sequestration. In response to a call for data-driven experimental rewilding projects focused on national contexts, we collected unique data on the effects of large herbivore rewilding on soil properties from eight sites in the Czech Republic. These include sites with a wide range of edaphic characteristics that were grazed by Exmoor ponies, European bison, and back-bred Bos primigenius cattle (singly or in combination) for 2-6 years on areas ranging from ≈30 to ≈250 ha. Despite the relatively short duration of rewilding actions and considerable variability in the response rate of soil properties to grazing, our results indicate improved nutrient availability (evidenced by higher nitrification rate or higher soluble nitrogen concentration) and accelerated ecosystem metabolism (higher soil microbial biomass and dissolved carbon content). On longer-grazed pastures, rewilding contributed to soil carbon sequestration associated with increased water holding capacity and improved soil structure. However, other soil properties (reduced dissolved P concentration or total P content) showed signs of low P availability in the soils of the rewilding sites. Therefore, carcass retention should be considered where possible. Our data, although limited in number and geographic coverage, allow us to conclude that large ungulate rewilding has the potential to enhance soil carbon sequestration and related ecosystem services in rewilding areas. At the same time, we urge similar monitoring as an essential part of other rewilding projects, which will ultimately allow much more robust conclusions about the effects of this management on soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaštovská
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Mastný
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Konvička
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Khalil J, Jaafar AAK, Habib H, Bouguerra S, Nogueira V, Rodríguez-Seijo A. The impact of olive mill wastewater on soil properties, nutrient and heavy metal availability - A study case from Syrian vertisols. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119861. [PMID: 38142600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is an environmental concern in olive oil producers' regions due to its use in agricultural soils as an organic amendment. However, OMW can also be used as organic fertilizer due to their high organic matter and nutrient levels, but its use, when it occurs without environmental management, can cause serious environmental implications for soils and waters. This work evaluated the impact of different OMW levels on a set of physicochemical parameters from an agricultural vertisol where wheat grew (Triticum aestivum L var. Douma 1). A set of physicochemical parameters were conducted before adding different levels of OMW (0, 5, 10 and 15 L m-2) at two soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and for the two growing seasons to determine: i) the effect of OMW treatments on the studied physicochemical soil properties (bulk density, soil porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), ii) available primary (N, P, K) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, Mg and Na), ii) micronutrients (Cu Fe, Mn and Zn), and iv) available heavy metals (Cd and Pb). The results indicated that soil physicochemical parameters were slightly improved, mainly due to improvement in organic matter, macro- and micronutrients, usually proportionally to the olive mill wastewater dose. Cadmium and Pb were within the permissible limits. The increased OMW had different behaviour on the soil nutritional balances of different elements, leading to nutrient imbalances, although in some cases, they were improved. However, the plant growth was not affected, and it was improved under 10 L m-2 and 15 L m-2 doses. The results offer valuable data about the use of OMW as organic fertilizer for crops and their potential impact on soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Khalil
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Abd Al Karim Jaafar
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Hassan Habib
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Inov4Agro | Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-64, Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N. 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Agroecology and Food Institute (IAA), University of Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Zhang M, Khosravi Aqdam M, Abbas Fadel H, Wang L, Waheeb K, Kadhim A, Hekmati J. Evaluation of soil fertility using combination of Landsat 8 and Sentinel‑2 data in agricultural lands. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:131. [PMID: 38198078 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Today, remote sensing is widely used to estimate soil properties. Because it is an easy and accessible way to estimate soil properties that are difficult to estimate in the field. Based on this, to evaluate the soil fertility (SF), soil sampling was performed irregularly from the surface depth of 0-30 cm in 216 points, 11 soil properties were measured, and the soil fertility index (SFI) was calculated by soil properties. Simultaneously, we combined satellite images of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 using the Gram-Schmidt algorithm. Finally, multiple linear regression SFI was calculated using satellite data, as well as the spatial distribution of SFI was obtained in very low, low, moderate, high, and very high classes. Our findings showed that the combination of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data using the Gram-Schmidt algorithm has a higher correlation with SFI than when these data are individually. Therefore, combined Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 data were used for SFI modeling. Using model selection procedure indices (including Cp, AIC, and ρc criteria), the visible range bands, notably blue (r = 0.65), green (r = 0.63), and red (r = 0.61), provide the best model for estimating SFI (R2 = 0.43, Cp = 3.34, AIC = -277.4, and ρc = 0.44). Therefore, these bands were used to estimate the SFI index. Also, the spatial distribution of the SIF index showed that the most significant area was related to the low class, and the lowest area belonged to the high and very high fertility classes. According to these results, it can be concluded that using the combination of Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 bands to estimate soil fertility index in agricultural lands can increase the accuracy of soil fertility estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Vocational and Technological College of Forestry, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | | | | | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Khlood Waheeb
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Angham Kadhim
- Department of Optical Techniques, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Jamal Hekmati
- Department of Horticultural Sciencess, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Xu Y, Luo B, Jia R, Xiao J, Wang X, Yang Y, Xue S, Zeng Z, Brown RW, Zang H. Quantifying synergies and trade-offs in the food-energy-soil-environment nexus under organic fertilization. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119526. [PMID: 37956518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Recycling livestock manure in agroecosystems can maintain crop production, improve soil fertility, and reduce environmental losses. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of synergies and trade-offs in the food-energy-soil-environment nexus under manure application. Here, we evaluate the sustainability of maize production under four fertilization regimes (mineral, mineral and manure mixed, manure, and no fertilization) from the aspect of food security, energy output, soil quality, and environmental impact based on a five-year field experiment. Manure and mineral mixed fertilization maintained grain and straw quantity and quality compared with mineral fertilization. Manure and mineral mixed fertilization increased stem/leaf ratio and field residue index by 9.1-28.9% and 4.5-17.9%, respectively. Manure also maintained the theoretical ethanol yield but reduced the straw biomass quality index by increasing ash. Further, manure application increased the soil quality index by 40.5% and reduced N2O emissions by 55.0% compared with mineral fertilization. Manure application showed the highest sustainability performance index of 19, followed by mineral (15), mixed (13), and without fertilization (8). In conclusion, manure application maintains food production and energy output, enhances soil quality, and reduces environmental impact, thereby improving the sustainability of maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiquang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert W Brown
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Yuan XQ, Guo ZL, Wang SC, Zhao LQ, Yuan MX, Gao YH, Huang L, Liu CE, Duan CQ. Drivers and mechanisms of spontaneous plant community succession in abandoned PbZn mining areas in Yunnan, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166871. [PMID: 37683844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The drivers and mechanisms underlying succession and the spontaneous formation of plant communities in mining wasteland remain largely unknown. This study investigated the use of nature-based restoration to facilitate the recovery of viable plant communities in mining wasteland. It was found that scientific analyses of spontaneously formed plant communities in abandoned mining areas can provide insights for nature-based restoration. A chronosequence ("space for time") approach was used to establish sites representing three successional periods with six successional stages, and 90 quadrats were constructed to investigate changes in plant species and functional diversity during succession in abandoned PbZn mining areas. A total of 140 soil samples were collected to identify changes in soil properties, including plant nutrient and heavy metal concentrations. Then, this paper used structural equation models to analyze the mechanisms that drive succession. It was found that the functional diversity of plant communities fluctuated substantially during succession. Species had similar functional traits in early and mid-succession, but traits tended to diverge during late succession. Soil bulk density and soil organic matter gradually increased during succession. Total nitrogen (N), pH, and soil Zn concentrations first increased and then decreased during succession. Concentrations of Mn and Cd gradually decreased during succession. During early succession, soil organic matter was the key factor driving plant colonization and succession. During mid-succession, soil Zn functioned as an environmental filter factor limiting the rates of succession in mining wasteland communities. During late succession, soil bulk density and competition for nutrient resources contributed to more balanced differentiation among plant species. This thesis proposed that a nature-based strategy for the stabilization of abandoned mining lands could facilitate effective plant community restoration that promotes ecosystem services and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhao-Lai Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Si-Chen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yu-Han Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chang-E Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chang-Qun Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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12
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Ofem KI, Kefas PK, Abam PO, Ediene VF, John K, Pawlett M. Soil health implications of some d-block metals in selected agricultural soils in Southeast Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:38. [PMID: 38097866 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertility, soil health and environmental management through the estimation of background concentration of potentially toxic elements is required for environmental safety. This study aims at investigating the concentration, fertility and potential health risks of some d-block metals (Ti, V, Fe, Mn, and Mo) in some agricultural soils, and establishes the relationship between the metals and some soil properties. Eight elevation ranges resulted from the digital elevation models of the study area; two in Ishibori (NG1, NG2), three each in Agoi-Ibami (CG1, CG2, CG3) and Mfamosing (SG1, SG2 and SG3). One soil profile pit was sunk along each of the elevations. Thirty-five composite soil samples were collected at 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, 90-120, 120-150, 150-180 and 180-200 cm depending on soil depth. Only the profile means of Mn (660.82 ± 612.89 mg/kg) and Mo (2.61 ± 0.73 mg/kg) exceeded permissible concentrations and would pose threats to the environment. Also, the concentrations of the d-block metals exceeded permissible values in Ishibori making them prone to toxicity. The metals were irregularly distributed with depth; however, Mn and Fe were concentrated in the subsurface soils. Clay and sand contents correlated positively and negatively, respectively with all the d-block metals at p < 0.05. The linear model was more efficient in estimating V and Mo via soil properties with adjusted R2 of 33 - 67% for the metals. In conclusion, agricultural activities and geology may influence the accumulation of d-block metals, hence the call for environmental monitoring to curtail metals' assimilation by crops. HIGHLIGHTS: • Mn and Mo threaten the environment the most. • Soils in the Southern Guinea Savannah are most prone to d-block metals contamination. • BD, pH, Mg, and CEC are the best predictors of d-block metals in the soils. • The linear model was best performing in the estimation of V and Mo, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokei Ikpi Ofem
- Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Cross River State, PMB 1115, 540004, Etta Agbor Road, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Patrick Katan Kefas
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource Management, Taraba State University, Taraba State, PMB 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Prince Okori Abam
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Francis Ediene
- Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Cross River State, PMB 1115, 540004, Etta Agbor Road, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley John
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Extension Engineering Building and Heating Plant, Dalhousie University, 20 Rock Garden Rd, Millbrook Truro, NS, B6L 1V5, Canada
| | - Mark Pawlett
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
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13
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Sun H, Zhang F, Raza ST, Zhu Y, Ye T, Rong L, Chen Z. Three decades of shade trees improve soil organic carbon pools but not methane uptake in coffee systems. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119166. [PMID: 37797515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of coffee plantations in tropical area at the cost of natural forest may suppress the methane (CH4) uptake and change the soil fertility. However, observations on soil CH4 uptake rates and the ecological consequence studies on coffee-based plantations are sparse. The objectives of this study were to characterize the dynamics of CH4 uptake among natural forest, coffee monoculture (CM), and coffee intercropping with shade tree (CI), and to evaluate the key drivers of soil CH4 uptake. Results showed that the conversion of forest into 25-year and 34-year CM plantations significantly reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 57% and 76%, respectively, whereas CI plantation profoundly increased the SOC by 20%-76% compared with CM plantation. Although soils of forest, CM and CI functioned exclusively as CH4 sinks, the CM and CI plantations significantly decreased the ambient CH4 uptake rates by 64%-83% due to soil moisture shift and soil nitrate availability by using chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, the potential CH4 uptake of CM and CI plantations did not decrease and in some treatments, was even higher than that of the natural forest. Potential CH4 uptake showed a negative correlation with soil pH and SOC content, but a positive correlation with soil available phosphorus (AP). Collectively, although the SOC and soil pH were increased through intercropping with shade trees for decades, the inhibition of atmospheric CH4 uptake was still difficult to alleviate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fulan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Syed Turab Raza
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yingmo Zhu
- Faculty of Civil Aviation and Aeronautics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Rong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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14
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Boudjabi S, Ababsa N, Chenchouni H. Enhancing soil resilience and crop physiology with biochar application for mitigating drought stress in durum wheat ( Triticumdurum). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22909. [PMID: 38125537 PMCID: PMC10731064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biochar has recently garnered significant attention as an agricultural management technique highly endorsed by the scientific community. Biochar, owing to its high carbon content, contributes to increased organic matter storage in the soil, consequently enhancing crop growth. This study aimed to elucidate changes in physicochemical soil fertility and durum wheat (Triticum durum) var. Vitron production under the influence of three biochar doses (0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 15 g/kg of soil) in combination with varying levels of drought stress (100 %, 80 %, 40 %, and 20 % of field capacity 'FC'). Notably, we observed a substantial increase in all physicochemical soil parameters, except for active calcium carbonate equivalent (ACCE), which displayed lower values (8.78 ± 1.43 %) in soils treated with biochar compared to control soil (15.69 ± 4.03 %). The biochar dose of 5 g/kg yielded the highest moisture content (8.81 %) and pH value (7.83). However, the highest organic matter content (4.89 ± 0.17 %) and total calcium carbonate equivalent 'TCCE' (3.67 ± 0.48 %) were observed with the dose 15 g/kg. Nevertheless, regarding plant growth, no improvements were observed in terms of height and above-ground biomass (AGB). Conversely, leaf surface area exhibited significant changes with biochar application, along with an increase in chlorophyll pigment content. On the other hand, drought stress significantly hindered plant height, AGB, and leaf water reserves, resulting in values of 13.48 ± 1.60 cm, 1.57 ± 0.31g/plant, and 41.79 ± 1.67 %, respectively. The interaction between biochar and water stress appeared to mitigate and limit the impact of stress. Notably, an enhancement in organic matter storage and soil water reserves was observed. For example, the moisture content in the control soil was 6.95 %, while it increased to 12.76 % for 15g biochar/kg and 80 % FC. A similar trend was observed for organic matter, TCCE, and electrical conductivity. This effect positively influenced chlorophyll a and b content, as well as leaf water content. However, when stress was combined with biochar amendment, plant height and AGB decreased. The addition of biochar improved soil fertility and physiological parameters of wheat plants. Nevertheless, when combined with water stress, especially in cases of reduced water reserves, productivity did not witness any significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boudjabi
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria
- Laboratory “Water and Environment”, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Nawal Ababsa
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Khenchela, 40016 El-Hamma, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Haroun Chenchouni
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
- Department of Forest Management, Higher National School of Forests, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
- Laboratory of Algerian Forests and Climate Change, Higher National School of Forests, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
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15
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Xiong Z, Zhu D, Lu Y, Lu J, Liao Y, Ren T, Li X. Continuous potassium fertilization combined with straw return increased soil potassium availability and risk of potassium loss in rice-upland rotation systems. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140390. [PMID: 37820877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues perform an essential role in the material cycling and energy exchange processes and are commonly used as an organic soil amendment and potassium (K) substitute to enhance field productivity in rice-upland rotation systems. Elucidating the effects of continuous K fertilization combined with straw return on the fate of soil K is of great significance to the scientific application of K fertilization and the sustainable development of the ecological environment. A short-(5 years) and a long-term (38 years) field experiments at the Wuxue (WX) and Wangcheng (WC) sites respectively were conducted to study the effects of continuous K fertilization combined with straw return on soil potassium (K) fertility and loss. Results showed that K fertilization and straw return improved soil K supply capacity significantly. K fertilization (NPK) and straw return (NPK + ST) at WX and WC sites significantly increased soil exchangeable K content (KE) by 27.7%-102.1% and 36.6%-100.0%, respectively, compared with that of the treatment without K (NP). K release kinetics showed that most K+ was released in soil of the NPK+ST treatment, indicating a stronger soil K+ supplying capacity. Long-term K deficit resulted in the conversion of illite to interlayer minerals and kaolinite, which were not detected at the short-term experiment site. Integrated K fertilizer and straw return reduced soil bulk density (BD) and degree of anisotropy (DA), increased fractal dimension (FD) and optimized soil pore structure distribution. Nonetheless, continuous sufficient K input raised the amount of total K loss through runoff and leaching. Compared with that of NP treatment, the total K loss of NPK and NPK + ST treatments were increased by 160.3% and 227.5%, respectively. This strategy contributed to the conversion of bio-waste into resources, sustainable soil K management and scientific K fertilizer application for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Lu
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yulin Liao
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China.
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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16
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Huang Z, Zhang X, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Jin Q, Wang C, Yang L, Fang Y, Li Z, Wang W. Industrial and agricultural waste amendments interact with microorganism activities to enhance P availability in rice-paddy soils. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:166364. [PMID: 37597547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Adding industrial and agricultural wastes to farmland can increase soil available phosphorus (P) pool and boost crop production, but the process affecting soil P transformation and bioavailability is still poorly understood. We studied the effects of straw (ST), biochar (BC) and Si-modified biochar (Si-BC) amendments on the available-P content and its fraction transformation in rice-paddy soils. Our results showed that these three soil amendments significantly increased the concentrations of both microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass-P (MBP) during the first rice season; by contrast, the effects of ST and BC application were relatively poor on acid-phosphatase (ACP) activity, which was increased by 24 % under ST and 14 % under BC. Soil total P concentrations did not differ significantly, although the concentration and percentage of each P-fraction were altered significantly among treatments. Although all three applications increase soil available-P concentration by promoting the transformation of organic-P (Po) components to inorganic-P (Pi), there are differences in the transformation efficiency of the soil P fraction between these amendments. Redundancy analysis results also showed significant clustering of soil P-fraction transformations after ST and BC treatments. Structural equation model analysis further indicated that all amendments regulated microbial processes by changing soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thereby promoting soil P transformation and improving P efficiency. Sodium bicarbonate-extractable Po (NaHCO3-Po) contributed most to soil available-P under the different amendments. Compared to ST and Si-BC, BC application improved more soil microbial status and the transformation of soil unavailable-P into available-P, therefore the application of BC in rice fields is the most beneficial method to promote phosphorus use and production sustainability in rice. These findings helped to understand the effects of using industrial and agricultural waste (e.g. straw, biochar and Si-modified biochar) on soil P-fractions and so provided a reference for sustainable resource use and green production in rice-paddy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Qiang Jin
- College of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Liuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Yunying Fang
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Zimin Li
- Earth and Life Institute, Soil Science, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.10, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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17
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Islam W, Ullah A, Zeng F. Response of total belowground soil biota in Alhagi sparsifolia monoculture at different soil vertical profiles in desert ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:166027. [PMID: 37541502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil organisms are extremely important for the land-based ecosystem. There is a growing interest in studying the variety and composition of the entire underground soil organism community at a large ecological scale. Soil organisms show different patterns in relation to soil physiochemical properties (SPPs) in various ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their response to soil vertical profiles (SVPs) in monoculture of Alhagi sparsifolia, which is the primary shrub in the deserts of China, and is well-known for its contributions to sand dune stabilization, traditional Chinese medicine, and forage. Here, we investigated the population dynamics of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists and metazoa across six different SVPs ranging from 0 to 100 cm in monoculture of A. sparsifolia, in its natural desert ecosystem. Our findings indicate that the soil biota communities displayed a declining pattern in the alpha diversity of bacteria, protists, and metazoa with an increase in soil depth. However, the opposite trend was observed for fungi and archaea. The beta diversity of soil biota was significantly affected by SVPs, particularly for metazoa, fungi and protists as revealed by Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling. The most prevalent soil bacterial, fungal, archaeal, protist, and metazoa classes were Actinobacteria, Sordariomycetes, Nitrososphaeria, Filosa-Sarcomonadea, and Nematoda, respectively. The correlation among vertical distribution of the most abundant biotic communities and variations in SPPs exhibited that the variations in total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) had the most significant influence on bacterial changes, while available potassium (AK) had an impact on fungi. Archaea were affected by TC and pH, protists by the C/N-Ratio and TP, and metazoa by TN, AK, and soil water capacity (SWC). Collectively, our findings provide a new perspective on the vertical distribution and distinct response patterns of soil biota in A. sparsifolia monoculture under natural desert ecosystem of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Marien L, Crabit A, Dewandel B, Ladouche B, Fleury P, Follain S, Cavero J, Berteloot V, Colin F. Salinity spatial patterns in Mediterranean coastal areas: The legacy of historical water infrastructures. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165730. [PMID: 37495142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal areas have been occupied and developed intensively for a long time facing issues related to agricultural production, urbanization, tourism, preservation of natural resources often linked to salinity. This article explores the relationship between historical land planning and water management, and current soil and water salinity to gain insights into future projections. Soil samples (1185) were collected in a coastal plain of 114 km2 in the south of France and saturated paste extract Electrical Conductivity (ECsp) was deduced from 1:5 dilution. Soil salinity exhibits a wide range of variation (from 0.54 to 113.1 mS cm-1) and spatial patterns. ECsp is significantly different among soil types, higher at depth than at the surface and influenced by the distance to ancient water infrastructures (Pettitt test). Surface water and shallow groundwater samples were collected for trace element concentrations and Oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratio measurements. The geochemical signatures indicate a mixture between surface freshwater and seawater, reveal the presence of over-salted seawater and a stratification of salinity from the surface to the depth. Results suggest that groundwater is the source of soil salinity, and illustrate the long-term impact of old water infrastructures. Less saline soils are found near the freshwater supply channel (constructed from 15th to 18th), while more saline soils are located near drainage channels. The presence of over-salted water reflects temporal evolution of the plain over the last few centuries (initially under seawater, gradually filled in, presence of ponds and salt works that have now disappeared). The current soil salinity patches continue to be a visible reminder of this evolution. The trend towards desalinization of the plain over the last few centuries has been made possible by massive freshwater inflows, which are now under threat due to the general decrease of water resources availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marien
- G-EAU, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France
| | - A Crabit
- G-EAU, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France
| | - B Dewandel
- G-EAU, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France; BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Ladouche
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Fleury
- BRGM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Follain
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, INRAe, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - J Cavero
- CNRS, FR 3747, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France
| | - V Berteloot
- G-EAU, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France
| | - F Colin
- G-EAU, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Montpellier, France.
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Shukla AK, Behera SK, Lakaria BL, Tripathi A. Effect of land use and soil depth on the distribution of phyto-available nutrients and SOC pools of Vertisols in Central India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1405. [PMID: 37917226 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A proper understanding of soil parameters under different production systems of the world is necessary for efficient soil management. We, therefore, carried out the present study to assess the status of some selected soil properties (soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC)), phyto-available nutrients (available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), exchangeable calcium (Ex. Ca), exchangeable magnesium (Ex. Mg), available sulfur (AS), and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (SOC, total organic carbon (TOC), very labile C, labile C, less labile C, and non-labile C) and to establish relationships among the measured soil parameters at different depths of Vertisols of India under various land uses. A total of 150 composite soil samples (from 25 plots including nine from agricultural land, nine from horticultural land, three from forest land, and four from grassland) were collected from 6 soil depths viz, 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm under agriculture, horticulture, forest, and grassland land uses present in Central India and analyzed. The values of soil pH, EC, AN, AK, Ex. Ca, Ex. Mg, and AS in various soil depths under different land uses varied widely. The values of SOC (0.19 to 1.00%), TOC (0.58 to 2.42%), very labile C (0.14 to 0.83%), labile C (0.05 to 0.25%), less labile C (0.05 to 0.26%) and non-labile C (0.23 to 1.42%) in various soil depths under different land uses also varied significantly. Forest and grassland land uses had higher levels of SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content in all the soil depths in comparison to SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content in different soil depths under agriculture and horticulture land use. The levels of SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content under all the land uses decreased with increasing soil depths. SOC was positively and significantly correlated with AN, AK, AS, and estimated SOC pools in surface soil layers. Principal component analysis (PCA) of soil parameters in different soil depths resulted in 5 principal components (PCs) with > 1 eigenvalue and accounting for > 75% variability. This information could be used for managing SOC status and phyto-available nutrients in Vertisols under different land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Shukla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Sanjib K Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India.
| | - Brij L Lakaria
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Ajay Tripathi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
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Jin C, Yang J, Chen B, Qu G, Li H, Wu F, Liu X, Liu Y, Kuang L, Li J. Soilization utilization of solid waste: Ecological regulation of phosphorus tailings-based soil with physicochemical improvement and Bacillus_cereus-addition. Environ Res 2023; 236:116856. [PMID: 37574102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and utilization of effective phosphorus from solid waste have been an important approach for alleviating phosphorus resource shortage. The extraction of available phosphorus by microbial method with low cost, mild conditions and simple process has been drawing attention from the majority of research scholars. However, relevant studies on special microbial communities for effective phosphorus extraction from solid waste are less. In this work,a functional Bacillus_cereus strain screened from phosphate tailings, phosphate ore and forest rhizosphere soil was inoculated into phosphate tailings (PT), modified phosphate tailings (IS) and highland red soil (SS). Compared with SS, the water-holding properties, fertility, leaching toxicity and microbial community diversity of PT and IS with and without bacteria were analyzed. PT+, SS+ and IS+ (after adding bacteria to PT, SS and IS) showed moderately alkaline pH, and the available phosphorus content enhanced by 31.73%, 20.05% and 39.41% respectively. The leaching toxicity phosphate of PT+ and IS + decreased by 4.89 mg/kg and 2.61 mg/kg respectively, while that of SS + increased by 5.45 mg/kg, indicating differences in the phosphorus solubilization mechanism of Bacillus_cereus for different soils. Furthermore, the modification and bacteria treatment improved the relative abundance of Pedobacter, Alcaligenaceae and Pseudomonas, thus enhancing the phosphorus solubility of the PT bacterial community. This work may achieve efficient utilization and ecological restoration of phosphorus tailings-based soil and contribute to long-term sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyue Jin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jieqian Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bangjin Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hailin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingrui Kuang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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Mallick K, Sahana M, Chatterjee S. Comparing Delphi-fuzzy AHP and fuzzy logic membership in soil fertility assessment: a study of an active Ganga Delta in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:116688-116714. [PMID: 35906521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study led to setting up a grid-based soil fertility map along with the best fit model in the coastal regions based on soil physical (coarse, sand, silt, clay, bulk density), chemical (CEC, pH, and soil organic carbon), topographic (elevation), and nutrient elements (P2O5, K2O, Na, Zn, B) in the active Ganga deltaic region of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India. Soil samples have been collected from 30 soil grids, and 0-15 cm soil depth was preferred for fertility analysis because most essential soil chemical and nutrient elements affecting soil fertility are concentrated in this depth range. We have used the fuzzy-AHP-Delphi (FAHP) and fuzzy logic-Delphi (FL) methods to determine the soil fertility zone. The rules are generated on the MATLAB interface in the text form; the words "IF," "THEN," "IS," "AND," etc., are used to complete the mode-building process. The weights and the desirable limits for each criterion were set based on the expert opinions and existing literature. The kriging interpolation method and natural break classification were used to represent the soil fertility maps into five classes, namely very high fertility (0.80-1.0), high fertility (0.60-0.80), moderate fertility (0.40-0.60), low fertility (0.20-0.40), and very low fertility (0.00-0.20) respectively. Both the models show that soil fertility is respectively higher near the Hooghly River bank. In many cases, the results obtained from FAHP and FL are quite similar but huge dissimilarity has been noticed in grid numbers G2, G3, G4, F1, and F2. Since the FAHP method has been used for the weight of each criterion, therefore, it only prefers those more important parameters over others. The overall accuracy of the soil fertility map was 82.16% for the fuzzy logic model, and 79.62% for the FAHP model and the kappa coefficient value was determined as 0.82 for the fuzzy logic model and 0.79 for the FAHP model. The soil fertility map was validated using the success rate curve under the ROC technique, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated as 84.02% for the fuzzy logic model and 81.60% for the FAHP model. Since the standard limits for each criterion were known, therefore, fuzzy logic was found to best fit the model for analyzing soil fertility for each grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Mallick
- Department of Geography, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mehebub Sahana
- Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Wu D, Feng Z, Gu W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen W. Could continuous rice cropping increase soil fertility and rice productivity by rice straw carbonized utilization in cold areas? - A 6-year field-located trial. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:110674-110686. [PMID: 37792197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment can benefit rice growth, but the long-term effects of rice straw carbonized utilization (RSCU, biochar, and biochar-based fertilizer) on rice production in cold areas are still unclear. Herein, we conducted a field experiment over 6 years with four treatments: F (conventional fertilization) as the control, RB1 (biochar, 3 t·ha-1), RB2 (biochar, 6 t·ha-1), and RBF (biochar-based fertilizer, 0.75 t·ha-1). We found that rice straw biochar significantly improved soil physical properties by reducing soil bulk density, increasing soil porosity and liquid and gas phases ratio, and enhancing soil aggregate stability. RSCU also increased soil fertility by improving soil organic carbon (SOC), active organic carbon, and soil nutrients (N, P, K) and their availability, as indicated by an increase in soil C:N and a decrease in soil N:P. Moreover, biochar increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and enzyme activities. As a result, RSCU increased rice yield, which was positively correlated with soil total porosity, total phosphorus, available potassium, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidizable carbon (EOC), labile fraction of organic carbon (LFOC), and urease activity. RB2 had the highest rice yield (5.94% higher than F). Our study suggests that RSCU can synergistically improve the rice straw utilization rate, soil fertility, and rice productivity in cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhibo Feng
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenqi Gu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
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Wacal C, Basalirwa D, Byalebeka J, Tsubo M, Nishihara E. Low cost maize stover biochar as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer for improvement of soil chemical properties, growth and yield of tomatoes on degraded soil of Northern Uganda. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:473. [PMID: 37803255 PMCID: PMC10559570 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil fertility decline due to nutrient mining coupled with low inorganic fertilizer usage is a major cause of low crop yields across sub-Saharan Africa. Recently, biochar potential to improve soil fertility has gained significant attention but there are limited studies on the use of biochar as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers. In this study, we determined the effect of maize stover biochar without inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). A field experiment was conducted in 2022 for two consecutive seasons in Northern Uganda. The experiment included five treatments; inorganic fertilizer (control), biochar applied at rates of 3.5, 6.9, 13.8 and 27.6 t ha-1. RESULTS In this study, maize stover biochar improved all the soil chemical properties. Compared to the control, pH significantly increased by 27% in the 27.6 t ha-1 while total N increased by 35.6% in the 13.8 t ha-1. Although P was significantly low in the 3.5 t ha-1, 6.9 t ha-1 and 13.8 t ha-1, it increased by 3.9% in the 27.6 t ha-1. Exchangeable K was significantly increased by 42.7% and 56.7% in the 13.8 t ha-1 and 27.6 t ha-1 respectively. Exchangeable Ca and Mg were also higher in the biochar treatment than the control. Results also showed that plant height, shoot weight, and all yield parameters were significantly higher in the inorganic fertilizer treatment than in the 3.5, 6.9, and 13.8 t ha-1 treatments. Interestingly, maize stover biochar at 27. 6 t ha-1 increased fruit yield by 16.1% compared to the control suggesting it could be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. CONCLUSIONS Maize stover biochar applied at 27.6 t ha-1 improved soil chemical properties especially pH, N, P and K promoting growth and yield of tomatoes. Therefore, maize stover biochar could be recommended as an alternative to expensive inorganic fertilizers for tomato production in Northern Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmas Wacal
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, P.O. Box 837, Fort Portal, Uganda.
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, P.O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Daniel Basalirwa
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Byalebeka
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, P.O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mitsuri Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, TottoriTottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Eiji Nishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
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Kokila V, Prasanna R, Kumar A, Nishanth S, Singh B, Gaur Rudra S, Pal P, Pal M, Shivay YS, Singh AK. Elevated CO 2 along with inoculation of cyanobacterial biofilm or its partners differentially modulates C-N metabolism and quality of tomato beneficially. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20470. [PMID: 37860516 PMCID: PMC10582307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazotrophic cyanobacteria are known to influence nutrient availability in soil, however, their benefits under elevated CO2 environment, particularly on fruit quality attributes, is a less investigated aspect. Laboratory developed cyanobacterium-fungal biofilm (An-Tr), composed of Anabaena torulosa (An) as the matrix with the partner as Trichoderma viride (Tr), along with the individual partners were evaluated under ambient (aCO2-400 ± 50 ppm) and elevated (eCO2-700 ± 50 ppm) conditions, with and without tomato plants. An-Tr inoculation exhibited distinct and significantly higher values for most of the soil microbiological parameters, plant growth attributes and antioxidant/defense enzyme activities measured at 30 and 60 DAI (days after inoculation). Significant enhancement in soil nutrient availability, leaf chlorophyll, with 45-50% increase in the enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen assimilation, higher yields and better-quality parameters of tomato, with An-Tr biofilm or An inoculation, were recorded, particularly under eCO2 conditions. The fruits from An-Tr treatments under eCO2 exhibited a higher titrable acidity, along with more ascorbic acid, carotenoids and lycopene content, highlighting the superiority of this inoculant. Multivariate analyses revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) interactions among cultures, DAI, and CO2 levels, illustrating that cyanobacterial inoculation can be advocated as a strategy to gainfully sequester eCO2. Significant improvement in yield and fruit quality along with 50% N savings, further attest to the promise of cyanobacterial inoculants for tomato crop in the climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kokila
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Radha Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sekar Nishanth
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Priya Pal
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yashbir Singh Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Awani Kumar Singh
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Tan M. Conversion of agricultural biomass into valuable biochar and their competence on soil fertility enrichment. Environ Res 2023; 234:116596. [PMID: 37423358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally several nations generates a large amount of biomass waste. Thus, this review focuses on the potential for converting plant biomass into nutritionally enriched useful biochar with promising properties. The use of biochar on farmland acts as both a soil fertility enhancer, improving both the physical as well as chemical characteristics of soil. The biochar availability in soil can retain minerals and water as well as considerably enhanced the soil fertility by their optimistic characteristics. Thus, this review also discuss about how biochar enhances the quality of agriculture soil and polluted soil. Since, the biochar derived from the plant residues might contain most valuable nutritional properties, which can enhance the physicochemical properties of soil and that can support the growth of plant along with the increased biomolecule content. Since, the healthy plantation can support the production of nutritionally enriched crop yield. Agriculture biochar amalgamated soil significantly improved soil beneficial microbial diversity. Beneficial microbial activity increased soil fertility and balanced the soil's physicochemical properties significantly. Such balanced soil physicochemical properties significantly enhanced plantation growth, as well as disease resistance and higher yield potential than any other fertiliser supplements for soil fertility and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Tan
- Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China; Visiting Scholar of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Dang LV, Hung NN. Effects of the age of raised beds on the physicochemical characteristics of fruit orchard soil in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16178. [PMID: 37790612 PMCID: PMC10544351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To grow fruit plants, farmers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) must use raised bed constructions to avoid waterlogging during the rainy season. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the age of the raised beds on the soil physicochemical properties of longan orchards located in the VMD. Two raised bed systems were evaluated: a young bed constructed 10 years ago and an old bed constructed 42 years ago. Soil samples were collected from five different soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm) with four replicates per layer. Soil samples were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (BD), soil porosity, available water-holding capacity (AWC), particle composition (sand, silt, and clay), and size. The soil pH was approximately 1.0 units lower in the old bed compared to the young bed at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The BD was higher in the old bed (0.15 g cm-3) than in the young bed at a soil depth of 0.4 m. SOM, AP, exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+), AWC, and soil porosity were significantly lower in both the topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40 cm) layers in the old bed than in the young bed. In particular, the SOM, AP, AWC, and soil porosity contents in the old bed decreased by 18%, 20%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, compared with those in the young bed at soil depths of 0-40 cm. Therefore, cultivating raised bed soil for a longer period significantly reduced the soil exchangeable cations, porosity, and fertility of the surface and subsurface soils. Based on these results, farmers should use soil conservation practices, such as cover crops, rice straw mulching, and soil amendments in their orchards to mitigate topsoil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Van Dang
- Soil Science Faculty, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ngo Ngoc Hung
- Soil Science Faculty, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
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Leite RDC, Lucheta AR, Holanda RB, Silva PMP, Carmo ALVD, Gomes FG, Leite RDC, Melo CCAD, Costa RVD, Montini M, Fernandes AR. Environmental and agronomic assessment of soil conditioners produced from bauxite residue and oil palm wastes. Environ Res 2023; 233:116474. [PMID: 37352953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil conditioner is class of products used to enhance physics, physicochemical or soil biological activities, being able to recover disturbed or nutritional unbalanced soils. The formulation of a soil conditioner composed by bauxite residue (BR), and organic oil palm wastes, as raw materials, was recently proposed as an innovative strategy for the Brazilian acid soils amendment. Here we show the results of soil conditioner amended soil leaching tests and agronomical performance. The soil conditioners were formulated by BR mixed with decomposed POC (palm oil compost) and non-decomposed POMW (palm oil mill waste) oil palm wastes, in the proportion of 25% BR + 75% POC (T1) and 50% BR + 50% POMW (T2), in addition to the treatment with 100% POMW without BR (T3) and limestone at a dose calculated to raise soil pH to 6.0 (T4). Except for T4, all conditioners were applied to the soil at doses of 40, 80, and 120 t ha-1 for leaching tests. The experimental plots were composed of polyvinyl chloride columns, filled with 5 kg of soil, with bottles adapted with hoses at the bottom to facilitate drainage of the leachate. After leaching tests, the respective columns were used as pots for the cultivation of Brachiaria grass, stage with addition of a control composed by undisturbed soil (T5). The pH of the leachates had changes, but the use of BR associated with POMW was similar to the use of limestone. Of the 65 chemical elements evaluated, only nine were identified in the leachate, being most of them considered as plant nutrients. As for soil pH, limestone was slightly higher (6.6) than treatments that had BR (5.5). Brachiaria grass cultivated in the soil amended with conditioners showed similar results of limestone treated soil for the parameters of plant development and showed fertility improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson da Costa Leite
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rubson da Costa Leite
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Ribeiro JC, Portz A, Dos Santos FS, Pereira MG, Zonta E. Oil well drill cuttings and sunflower cake: effects on sunflower crop and soil chemical attributes. Environ Technol 2023; 44:3342-3353. [PMID: 35317710 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2057238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Onshore oil well drill cuttings and sunflower cake from biodiesel production require an appropriate destination to reduce the risks of environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the combination of different doses of these wastes on the growth of sunflower plants (Helianthus annus L.) and on soil chemical attributes after cultivation, making it possible to recommend safe application doses. Sunflower plants, cultivar Neon, were cultivated in a greenhouse for 80 days in Planossolo Háplico (Ultisol) as the main substrate. The design used was completely randomized, in a 6 × 6 factorial arrangement, composed of five doses of sunflower cake (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1) and five doses of drill cuttings (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha-1) and an experimental control using only Ultisol After cultivation, soil chemical attributes and the parameters height (H), stem diameter (D), and dry mass (DMAP) and nutrient contents in the aerial part of the plants were analyzed. Sunflower cake dose of 32 Mg ha-1 limited the germination of sunflower plants. In sunflower plants, the highest contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were verified when the sunflower cake doses were associated with drill cuttings doses >45 Mg ha-1. The mixture between sunflower cake and drill cuttings in the proportion of 16:45 Mg ha-1, respectively, promoted higher H, D and DMAP of sunflower plants, as well as a considerable improvement in soil fertility, without causing significant increments in sodium content in the soil after cultivation.HighlightsInadequate disposal of agro-industrial wastes represents loss of raw material and energy.Drill cuttings and sunflower cake wastes enable improvements in soil fertility attributes.The combination of sunflower cake and drill cuttings contributed to sunflower growth and nutrient contents.The mixture of drill cuttings and sunflower cake has potential for use as agricultural input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Ribeiro
- Department Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano Portz
- Department of Agribusiness Engineering, Fluminense Federal University, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gervasio Pereira
- Department Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Zonta
- Department Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Shraddha, Shukla Y, Thakur K, Vashishat RK, Sharma S, Chandel RS, Dhingra S, Alam T, Khargotra R, Jyoti K. Impact of fermented organic formulations combined with inorganic fertilizers on broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) cv. Palam Samridhi. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20321. [PMID: 37809921 PMCID: PMC10560048 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-year field experiment (2018-19 and 2019-20) was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a spacing of 60 × 45 cm involving three replications with ten treatments having cow manurial amendments along with integrated nutrient management in a plot size of 3.0 m × 1.8 m. The effect of the integration of cow manurial amendments and mineral fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient uptake, yield, and economics of broccoli was studied. The experiment was laid out during the rabi season in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. T8 [90% RDN (112.5 N: 67.5 P: 46.8 K kg/ha) + 5% jeevamrit (1.5 l/m2) + 5% jeevamrit foliar spray] obtained the greatest organic carbon (20.93 g kg-1), available N (375.13 kg ha-1), P (48.46 kg ha-1), K (260.53 kg ha-1) in the soil as well as more uptake of N (60.58 kg ha-1), P (7.25 kg ha-1) and K (37.88 g ha-1) by the plants. Further, this treatment obtained the greatest value for yield (186.77 q ha-1 and 12.44 kg plot-1), net income (₹ 245840) and cost-benefit ratio (1.93). Outcomes of this investigation suggested that combined usage of cow manure, jeevamrit, beejamrit, and ghanjeevamrit with inorganic fertilizers proved to be useful for enhancing soil health, increasing nutrient uptake, and ensuring sustainable production of broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Y.R. Shukla
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Thakur
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Vashishat
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Subhash Sharma
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwar Singh Chandel
- Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Dhingra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, U.I.E.T., Kurukshetra University, 136119, India
| | - Tabish Alam
- Architecture, Planning and Energy Efficiency Group, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Rohit Khargotra
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, 8200, Hungary
| | - Kumari Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246194, India
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Saleem A, Zulfiqar A, Saleem MZ, Ali B, Saleem MH, Ali S, Tufekci ED, Tufekci AR, Rahimi M, Mostafa RM. Alkaline and acidic soil constraints on iron accumulation by Rice cultivars in relation to several physio-biochemical parameters. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:397. [PMID: 37596537 PMCID: PMC10439600 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production is severely limited by an iron deficiency. Alkaline soils increase iron deficiency in rice crops, consequently leading to nutrient deficiencies in humans. Adding iron to rice enhances both its elemental composition and the nutritional value it offers humans through the food chain. The purpose of the current pot experiment was to investigate the impact of Fe treatment in alkaline (pH 7.5) and acidic (pH 5.5) soils to introduce iron-rich rice. Iron was applied to the plants in the soil in the form of an aqueous solution of FeSO4 with five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM). The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils. Specifically, Basmati-515, one of the rice cultivars tested, exhibited a notable 13% increase in iron total accumulation per plant and an 11% increase in root-to-shoot ratio in acidic soil. In contrast to Basmati-198, which demonstrated maximum response in alkaline soil, Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil. In alkaline soil, Basmati-198 exhibited respective decreases of 40% and 39% in MDA and H2O2 content, whereas Basmati-515 demonstrated a more significant decrease of 50% and 67% in MDA and H2O2 in acidic soil. These results emphasize the potential for targeted soil management strategies to improve iron nutrition and address iron deficiency in agricultural systems. By considering soil conditions, it is possible to enhance iron content and promote its availability in alkaline and acidic soils, ultimately contributing to improved crop nutrition and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zulfiqar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zafar Saleem
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ebru Derelli Tufekci
- Food and Agriculture Vocational School, Department of Field Crops, Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi, 18100, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Tufekci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi, Cankiri18100, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reham M Mostafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
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van Heerwaarden J, Ronner E, Baijukya F, Adjei-Nsiah S, Ebanyat P, Kamai N, Wolde-meskel E, Vanlauwe B, Giller KE. Consistency, variability, and predictability of on-farm nutrient responses in four grain legumes across East and West Africa. Field Crops Res 2023; 299:108975. [PMID: 37529086 PMCID: PMC10300239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are key components of sustainable production systems in sub-Saharan Africa, but wide-spread nutrient deficiencies severely restrict yields. Whereas legumes can meet a large part of their nitrogen (N) requirement through symbiosis with N2-fixing bacteria, elements such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and secondary and micronutrients may still be limiting and require supplementation. Responses to P are generally strong but variable, while evidence for other nutrients tends to show weak or highly localised effects. Here we present the results of a joint statistical analysis of a series of on-farm nutrient addition trials, implemented across four legumes in four countries over two years. Linear mixed models were used to quantify both mean nutrient responses and their variability, followed by a random forest analysis to determine the extent to which such variability can be explained or predicted by geographic, environmental or farm survey data. Legume response to P was indeed variable, but consistently positive and we predicted application to be profitable for 67% of farms in any given year, based on prevailing input costs and grain prices. Other nutrients did not show significant mean effects, but considerable response variation was found. This response heterogeneity was mostly associated with local or temporary factors and could not be explained or predicted by spatial, biophysical or management factors. An exception was K response, which displayed appreciable spatial variation that could be partly accounted for by spatial and environmental covariables. While of apparent relevance for targeted recommendations, the minor amplitude of expected response, the large proportion of unexplained variation and the unreliability of the predicted spatial patterns suggests that such data-driven targeting is unlikely to be effective with current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost van Heerwaarden
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Ronner
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederick Baijukya
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 3444, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Samuel Adjei-Nsiah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, CSIR Campus, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Ebanyat
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nkeki Kamai
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Endalkachew Wolde-meskel
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), C/o International Livestock Research Institute, Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ken E. Giller
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Wani OA, Sharma V, Kumar SS, Babu S, Sharma KR, Rathore SS, Marwaha S, Ganai NA, Dar SR, Yeasin M, Singh R, Tomar J. Climate plays a dominant role over land management in governing soil carbon dynamics in North Western Himalayas. J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117740. [PMID: 37027954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The soil carbon (C) dynamics is strongly influenced by climate and land-use patterns in the Himalayas. Therefore, soils under five prominent land use [e.g., maize (Zea mays), horticulture, natural forest, grassland, and wasteland] were sampled down up to 30 cm depth under two climatic conditions viz., temperate and subtropical to assess the impacts of climate and landuse on soil C dynamics. Results demonstrated that irrespective of land use, temperate soil contains 30.66% higher C than subtropical soils. Temperate soils under natural forests had the higher total organic carbon (TOC, 21.90 g kg-1), Walkley-Black carbon (WBC, 16.42 g kg-1), contents, and stocks (TOC, 66.92 Mg ha-1 and WBC, 50.24 Mg ha-1), and total soil organic matter (TSOM, 3.78%) concentration as compared to other land uses like maize, horticulture, grassland, and wasteland. Under both climatic conditions, maize land use had the lowest TOC 9.63, 6.55 g kg-1 and WBC 7.22, 4.91 g kg-1 at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth, respectively. Horticulture land use had 62.58 and 62.61% higher TOC and WBC over maize-based land use under subtropical and temperate climatic conditions at 0-30 cm soil depth, respectively. However, soils of maize land use under temperate conditions had ∼2 times more TOC than in subtropical conditions. The study inferred that the C-losses is more in the subtropical soil than in temperate soils. Hence, the subtropical region needs more rigorous adoption of C conservation farming practices than the temperate climatic setting. Although, the adoption of C storing and conserving practices is crucial under both climatic settings to arrest land degradation. Horticultural land uses along with conservation effective soil management practices may be encouraged to restore more soil C and to improve the livelihood security of the hill populace in the North Western Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Ali Wani
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180 009, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180 009, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Shamal S Kumar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - K R Sharma
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180 009, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sudeep Marwaha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nazir A Ganai
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, Sher-e -Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, 190025, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - S R Dar
- RCRQ, Sher-e -Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, 190025, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Nepal J, Xin X, Maltais-Landry G, Ahmad W, Pereira J, Santra S, Wright AL, Ogram A, Stofella PJ, He Z. Carbon nanomaterials are a superior soil amendment for sandy soils than biochar based on impacts on lettuce growth, physiology and soil biochemical quality. NanoImpact 2023; 31:100480. [PMID: 37625671 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A significant bottleneck of current agricultural systems remains the very low agronomic efficiency of conventional agrochemicals, particularly in sandy soils. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been proposed to address this inefficiency in sandy soils, which could potentially improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth and physiological processes. However, the effects of different rates of CNMs on crop physiological and soil biochemical quality in sandy soils must be compared to other carbon sources (e.g., biochar) before CNMs can be broadly used. To address this, a 70-day pot experiment was set up, growing lettuce under ten treatments: a negative control with no CNMs, biochar or fertilizer; a fertilizer-only control; three CNMs-only unfertilized treatments (CNMs at 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1 soil); two biochar treatments with fertilizer (biochar at 0.5% and 1% by soil mass + fertilizer); and three CNMs treatments with fertilizer (CNMs at 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1 soil + fertilizer). A novel amorphous, water-dispersible, and carboxyl-functionalized CNMs with pH of 5.5, zeta potential of -40.6 mV and primary particle diameter of 30-60 nm was used for this experiment. Compared to the fertilizer-only control, CNMs applied at low to medium levels (200-400 mg kg-1) significantly increased lettuce shoot biomass (20-21%), total chlorophyll (23-27%), and fluorescence and photosynthetic activities (4-10%), which was associated with greater soil nutrient availability (N: 24-58%, K: 68-111%) and higher leaf tissue accumulation (N: 25-27%; K: 66%). Low to medium levels of CNMs also significantly increased soil biochemical properties, such as higher soil microbial biomass carbon (27-29%) and urease enzyme activity (34-44%) relative to fertilizer-only applications. In contrast, biochar (0.5%) increased lettuce biomass relative to fertilizer-only but had no significant effect on soil fertility and biological properties. These results suggest that CNMs at low to medium application rates are a superior carbon-based amendment relative to biochar in sandy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nepal
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Maltais-Landry
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Wiqar Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, AMK Campus, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Alan L Wright
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Andy Ogram
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Peter J Stofella
- Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Zhenli He
- Dept. of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America.
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Riedo J, Yokota A, Walther B, Bartolomé N, van der Heijden MGA, Bucheli TD, Walder F. Temporal dynamics of total and bioavailable fungicide concentrations in soil and their effect upon nine soil microbial markers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 878:162995. [PMID: 36948305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides constitute an integral part of today's agriculture. Their widespread use leads to ubiquitous contamination of the environment, including soils. Soils are a precious resource providing vital functions to society - thus, it is of utmost importance to thoroughly assess the risk posed by widespread pesticide contamination. The exposure of non-target organisms to pesticides in soils is challenging to quantify since only a fraction of the total pesticide concentration is bioavailable. Here we measured and compared the bioavailable and total concentrations of three fungicides - boscalid, azoxystrobin, and epoxiconazole - and evaluated which concentration best predicts effects on nine microbial markers. The experiments were performed in three different soils at five time points over two months employing nearly 900 microcosms with a model plant. The total and bioavailable concentrations of azoxystrobin and boscalid decreased steadily during the trial to levels of 25 % and 8 % of the original concentration, respectively, while the concentration of epoxiconazole in soil nearly remained unchanged. The bioavailable fraction generally showed a slightly faster and more pronounced decline. The microbial markers varied in their sensitivity to the three fungicides. Specific microbial markers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizers, were most sensitive to each of the fungicide treatments, making them suitable indicators for pesticide effects. Even though the responses were predominantly negative, they were also transient, and the impact was no longer evident after two months. Finally, the bioavailable fraction did not better predict the relationships between exposure and effect than the total concentration. This study demonstrates that key microbial groups are temporarily susceptible to a single fungicide application, pointing to the risk that repeated use of pesticides may disrupt vital soil functions such as nutrient cycling in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedo
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aya Yokota
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Walther
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Bartolomé
- Division of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Division of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Walder
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Agegnehu G, Amede T, Desta G, Erkossa T, Legesse G, Gashaw T, Van Rooyen A, Harawa R, Degefu T, Mekonnen K, Schulz S. Improving fertilizer response of crop yield through liming and targeting to landscape positions in tropical agricultural soils. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17421. [PMID: 37426785 PMCID: PMC10329131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient management research was conducted across locations to investigate the influence of landscape position (hill, mid-, and foot slope) in teff (Eragrostis tef) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield response to fertilizer application and liming in the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. The treatments included 1) NPS fertilizer as a control treatment (42 N + 10P + 4.2S kg ha-1 for teff and 65 N + 20P + 8.5S kg ha-1 for wheat); 2) NPS and potassium (73 N + 17P + 7.2S + 24 K kg ha-1 for teff and 103 N + 30P + 12.7S + 24 K kg ha-1 for wheat) and 3) NPSK and zinc (73 N + 17P + 7.2S + 24K + 5.3Zn kg ha-1 for teff and 103 N + 30P + 12.7S + 24K + 5,3Zn kg ha-1 for wheat) in acid soils with and without liming. Results showed that the highest teff and wheat grain yields of 1512 and 4252 kg ha-1 were obtained at the foot slope position, with the respective yield increments of 71% and 57% over the hillslope position. Yield response to fertilizer application significantly decreased with increasing slope owing to the decrease in soil organic carbon and soil water content and the increase in soil acidity. The application of lime with NPSK and NPSKZn fertilizer increased teff and wheat yields by 43-54% and 32-35%, respectively compared to the application of NPS fertilizer without liming where yield increments were associated with the application of N and P nutrients. Orthogonal contrasts revealed that landscape position, fertilizer application, and their interaction effects were significant on teff and wheat yields. Soil properties including soil pH, organic carbon, total N, and soil water content were increased down the slope, which might be attributed to sedimentation down the slope. However, available P is yet very low both in acidic and non-acidic soils. We conclude that crop response to applied nutrients could be enhanced by targeting nutrient management practices to agricultural landscape features and addressing other yield-limiting factors such as soil acidity and nutrient availability by conducting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Agegnehu
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Amede
- Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gizaw Desta
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teklu Erkossa
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ-Ethiopia), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Legesse
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Andre Van Rooyen
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rebbie Harawa
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tulu Degefu
- International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kindu Mekonnen
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Steffen Schulz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ-Ethiopia), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Pérez-Sato M, Gómez-Gutiérrez Á, López-Valdez F, Ayala-Niño F, Soni-Guillermo E, González-Graillet M, Pérez-Hernández H. Soil physicochemical properties change by age of the oil palm crop. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16302. [PMID: 37251482 PMCID: PMC10220356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades there have been controversies related to the changes generated by oil palm plantations in the physicochemical properties of the soil, soil biota, and ecological interactions. Therefore, the present investigation evaluated root diameter and biomass at three ages of oil palm cultivation. Besides, we evaluated the effect of the ages on the physicochemical parameters of the soil in comparison with pasture plots. To know the diameter, fresh, and dry biomass of roots, soil sampling was carried out around the oil palm (3-, 5-, and 15-years-old) at distances of 1, 2, and 3 m from the trunk plant. Also, to know the changes in the properties of the soil, the sampling was carried out randomly in the same plots and the pasture plot (control). The results showed that both the diameter and the fresh and dry root biomass increased in 15-year-old plantations compared with 3- and 5-year-old. In addition, correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the parameters evaluated are associated with the adult age of the oil palm. Also, the results of soil physicochemical showed that low soil fertility was associated with an increase in the age of the palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pérez-Sato
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, 73900, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando López-Valdez
- Agricultural Biotechnology Group. Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology (CIBA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700. Mexico
| | - Fernando Ayala-Niño
- Laboratorio de Edafología, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eutiquio Soni-Guillermo
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, 73900, Mexico
| | | | - Hermes Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Botánica. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P, 25350, Mexico
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Kraut-Cohen J, Zolti A, Rotbart N, Bar-Tal A, Laor Y, Medina S, Shawahna R, Saadi I, Raviv M, Green SJ, Yermiyahu U, Minz D. Short- and long-term effects of continuous compost amendment on soil microbiome community. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3280-3292. [PMID: 38213903 PMCID: PMC10781717 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic amendment, and especially the use of composts, is a well-accepted sustainable agricultural practice. Compost increases soil carbon and microbial biomass, changes enzymatic activity, and enriches soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. However, relatively little is known about the immediate and long-term temporal dynamics of agricultural soil microbial communities following repeated compost applications. Our study was conducted at two field sites: Newe Ya'ar (NY, Mediterranean climate) and Gilat (G, semi-arid climate), both managed organically over 4 years under either conventional fertilization (0, zero compost) or three levels of compost amendment (20, 40 and 60 m3/ha or 2, 4, 6 L/m2). Microbial community dynamics in the soils was examined by high- and low-time-resolution analyses. Annual community composition in compost-amended soils was significantly affected by compost amendment levels in G (first, second and third years) and in NY (third year). Repeated sampling at high resolution (9-10 times over 1 year) showed that at both sites, compost application initially induced a strong shift in microbial communities, lasting for up to 1 month, followed by a milder response. Compost application significantly elevated alpha diversity at both sites, but differed in the compost-dose correlation effect. We demonstrate higher abundance of taxa putatively involved in organic decomposition and characterized compost-related indicator taxa and a compost-derived core microbiome at both sites. Overall, this study describes temporal changes in the ecology of soil microbiomes in response to compost vs. conventional fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kraut-Cohen
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Avihai Zolti
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nativ Rotbart
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Qatzrin, Israel
| | - Asher Bar-Tal
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yael Laor
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Shlomit Medina
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Raneen Shawahna
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Saadi
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Michael Raviv
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Dessie AB, Mekie TM, Abate TM, Belgu AS, Zeleke MA, Eshete DG, B Atinkut H, Takele MT. Measuring integrated smallholder soil fertility management practices in Megech watershed, Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16256. [PMID: 37251850 PMCID: PMC10208934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a combination of natural and man-made factors has led to a decline in the physical and chemical quality of the soil. In Ethiopia, declining soil fertility and quality that lead to low agricultural production are made worse by soil erosion and nutrient depletion. Adoption and implementation of integrated soil fertility management strategies have emerged as inevitabilities in terms of development in Ethiopia generally and in the Tana sub-basin of northwest Ethiopia specifically. This study was created to evaluate the Megech watershed's integrated smallholder soil fertility management methods' adoption factors, status, and scope. A total of 380 individual farmers were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire to gather primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric estimating methods were combined in the study. The findings supported the use of inorganic fertilizer, tree planting, organic fertilizer, stone bunds, and soil bunds by households as the primary methods for managing soil fertility. The outcomes of the econometric model also show that households' adoption decisions for integrated soil fertility management practices are highly interdependent. Additionally, there were similar underlying factors that affected the status and intensity of implementing integrated soil fertility management practices. The research concluded that effective soil management policies and programs should be designed, and implemented by smallholder farmers, agricultural experts, research centers, and governmental and non-governmental organizations to improve the quality of soil for sustainable food production. Moreover, raising the affordability of financial services and strengthening smallholder farmers' access to education help to increase their income, which in turn encourages the use of integrated soil fertility management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Birara Dessie
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Melese Mekie
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadie Mirie Abate
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdrie Setegn Belgu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marye Aragew Zeleke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Geletaw Eshete
- Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haimanot B Atinkut
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Tarekegn Takele
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Gondar, P.O. BOX 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Dey S, Purakayastha TJ, Sarkar B, Rinklebe J, Kumar S, Chakraborty R, Datta A, Lal K, Shivay YS. Enhancing cation and anion exchange capacity of rice straw biochar by chemical modification for increased plant nutrient retention. Sci Total Environ 2023; 886:163681. [PMID: 37100159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a potential alternative of infield crop residue burning, can prevent nutrient leaching from soil and augment soil fertility. However, pristine biochar contains low cation (CEC) and anion (AEC) exchange capacity. This study developed fourteen engineered biochar by treating a rice straw biochar (RBC-W) first separately with different CEC and AEC enhancing chemicals, and then with their combined treatments to increase CEC and AEC in the novel biochar composites. Following a screening experiment, promising engineered biochar, namely RBC-W treated with O3-HCl-FeCl3 (RBC-O-Cl), H2SO4-HNO3-HCl-FeCl3 (RBC-A-Cl), and NaOH-Fe(NO3)3(RBC-OH-Fe), underwent physicochemical characterization and soil leaching-cum nutrient retention studies. RBC-O-Cl, RBC-A-Cl, and RBC-OH-Fe recorded a spectacular rise in CEC and AEC over RBC-W. All the engineered biochar remarkably reduced the leaching of NH4+-N, NO3- -N, PO43--P and K+ from a sandy loam soil and increased retention of these nutrients. RBC-O-Cl at 4.46 g kg-1 dosage emerged as the most effective soil amendment increasing the retention of above ions by 33.7, 27.8, 15.0, and 5.74 % over a comparable dose of RBC-W. The engineered biochar could thus enhance plants' nutrient use efficiency and reduce the use of costly chemical fertilizers that are harmful to environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptaparnee Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranabir Chakraborty
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anindita Datta
- Division of Design of Experiments, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Khajanchi Lal
- Division of Water Technology Center, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yashbir Singh Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Ren K, Xu M, Li R, Zheng L, Wang H, Liu S, Zhang W, Duan Y, Lu C. Achieving high yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency by coupling wheat varieties with soil fertility. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163531. [PMID: 37076009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat breeding has progressively increased yield potential through decades of selection, markedly increased the capacity for food production. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for wheat production and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) is commonly index used for evaluate the effects of N fertilizer on crop yield, calculated as the difference of wheat yield between N fertilizer treatment and non-N fertilizer treatment divided by the total N application rate. However, the impact of variety on NAE and its interaction with soil fertility remain unknown. Here, to clarify whether and how wheat variety contributes to NAE, and to determine if soil conditions should be considered in variety selection, we conduct a large-scale analysis of data from 12,925 field trials spanning ten years and including 229 wheat varieties, 5 N fertilizer treatments, and a range of soil fertility across China's major wheat production zones. The national average NAE was 9.57 kg kg-1, but significantly differed across regions. At both the national and regional scales, variety significantly affected NAE, and different varieties showed high variability in their performance among low, moderate, and high fertility soils. Here, superior varieties with both high yield and high NAE were identified at each soil fertility fields. The comprehensive effect of selecting regionally superior varieties, optimizing N management, and improving soil fertility could potentially decrease the yield gap by 67 %. Therefore, variety selection based on soil conditions could facilitate improved food security while reducing fertilizer inputs to alleviate environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Li
- Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Shaogui Liu
- Yangzhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection, Yangzhou 225100, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinghua Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Palansooriya KN, Dissanayake PD, Igalavithana AD, Tang R, Cai Y, Chang SX. Converting food waste into soil amendments for improving soil sustainability and crop productivity: A review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163311. [PMID: 37044338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
One-third of the annual food produced globally is wasted and much of the food waste (FW) is unutilized; however, FW can be valorized into value-added industrial products such as biofuel, chemicals, and biomaterials. Converting FW into soil amendments such as compost, vermicompost, anaerobic digestate, biofertilizer, biochar, and engineered biochar is one of the best nutrient recovery and FW reuse approaches. The soil application of FW-based amendments can improve soil fertility, increase crop production, and reduce contaminants by altering soil's chemical, physical, microbial, and faunal properties. However, the efficiency of the amendment for improving ecosystem sustainability depends on the type of FW, conversion method, application rate, soil type, and crop type. Engineered biochar/biochar composite materials produced using FW have been identified as promising amendments for soil remediation, reducing commercial fertilizer usage, and increasing soil nutrient use efficiency. The development of quality standards and implementation of policies and regulations at all stages of the food supply chain are necessary to manage (reduce and re-use) FW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Etana D, Nebiyu A. Response of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L .) to lime and TSP fertilizer under acid soil. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15176. [PMID: 37101623 PMCID: PMC10123207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was design to investigate responses of four common bean (Polpole and Pantarkin, Deme and Nasir) varieties to four combinations of soil acidity treatments: lime and triple supper phosphate (TSP) fertilizer (+Lime, +TSP, +Lime + TSP, control) by using factorial randomized complete block design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The results of ANOVA showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in interactions of common bean varieties and soil amendments, except shoot fresh weight. The highest root fresh and dry matters weight were obtained from Pantarkin (18.12 g) and Polpole (2.70 g) with interaction of the plot treated with lime and TSP fertilizer, respectively. The highest Leaf area index (6.50 and 5.17), yield (3.84 and 3.33 t ha-1), and hundred seed weight (51.21 and 18.46 g) recorded from Deme and Polpole varieties under buffered plots by lime and TSP fertilizers. The highest phosphorus use efficiency recorded from Deme (0.69) variety. The observed responses indicated improvements of acidity problems through buffering materials (lime) and common bean varieties such as Polpole and Deme which showed better tolerance than Pantarkin and Nasir varieties. These results demonstrate the importance of varietal responses and soil amendments as form of nutrients and buffering acidity for common bean production improvements in acid soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daba Etana
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Amsalu Nebiyu
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Leykun S, Teklay A, Gurebiyaw K, Dile YT, Bayabil HK, Ashenafi M. Impacts of soil and water conservation measures on soil physicochemical properties in the Jibgedel Watershed, Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:447. [PMID: 36881262 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion significantly affects agricultural production. Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed to reduce soil loss. However, the impact of SWC measures on physicochemical soil properties has rarely been investigated in most parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of SWC measures on selected soil physicochemical properties in the Jibgedel watershed, West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. The study also assessed the farmers' perception of the benefits and impacts of SWC measures. Composite and core soil samples were taken at a depth of 0 to 20 cm from four farmlands with SWC measures (soil bund, stone bund, and soil bund with sesbania tree) and without SWC measures in three replications. Results have shown that employing SWC measures in the farmland significantly improved most of the physicochemical properties of the soil compared to farmland without SWC measures. Bulk density from soil bund with and without sesbania trees was significantly lower than stone bund and untreated farmland. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus from soil bund with sesbania tree were significantly higher than other treatments. The result also revealed that most farmers perceived that the implemented SWC measures improved soil fertility and crop yield. SWC measures are easier to adopt for integrated watershed management when farmers are well-versed in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinehiwot Leykun
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Achenafi Teklay
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Kassaye Gurebiyaw
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yihun T Dile
- Spatial Science Laboratory, Ecosystem Science and Management Department, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77801, USA
| | - Haimanote K Bayabil
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Masresha Ashenafi
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lin BJ, Li RC, Yang MY, Kan ZR, Virk AL, Bohoussou YND, Zhao X, Dang YP, Zhang HL. Changes in cropland soil carbon through improved management practices in China: A meta-analysis. J Environ Manage 2023; 329:117065. [PMID: 36566726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recommended management practices (RMPs, e.g., manuring, no-tillage, crop residue return) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain soil health in croplands. However, there is no consensus on how RMPs affect the SOC storage potential of cropland soils for climate change mitigation. Here, based on 2301 comparisons from 158 peer-reviewed papers, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore management-induced SOC stock changes and their variations under different conditions. The results show that SOC stocks in the 0-20 cm layer were increased by 31.8% when chemical fertilization combined with manure application was compared with no fertilizer; 9.98% when no-tillage was compared with plow tillage; and 10.84% when straw return was compared with removal. The RMPs favorably increased SOC stock in arid areas, and in alkaline and fine-textured soils. Initial SOC, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and experimental duration could also affect SOC storage. Compared with the initial SOC stock, RMPs increased the SOC sequestration potential by 2.6-4.5% in the 0-20 cm soil depth, indicating that these practices can help China achieve targets to increase SOC by 4.0‰. Hence, it is essential to implement RMPs for climate change mitigation and soil fertility improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Jian Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yves N Dri Bohoussou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yash Pal Dang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kooch Y, Kartalaei ZM, Haghverdi K, Praeg N. Soil function indicators are influenced by land use of different ages: A case study in a semi-arid region. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160570. [PMID: 36462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil function refers to all the roles and services that the soil performs, and can be assessed by measuring physical, chemical and biological properties. In any case, studies on the state of fertility and biological activities are now emphasized as indicators of soil functions. Degradation of rangelands and their conversion to agricultural land is one of the most common land use changes in different parts of the world, with significant impacts on soil functions. Not much is known about the effects of land use change (especially rangeland to orchards of different ages) on soil function indicators in semi-arid areas. In the current study, the following five types of land covers were considered in a semi-arid region of northern Iran: (1) enclosured rangeland, (2) 10-year-old apple orchard, (3) 25-year-old apple orchard, (4) 10-year-old walnut orchard, and (5) 25-year-old walnut orchard. Results showed that the apple orchards (25-year-old) had a more fertile soil and a higher biological activity than the other land uses studied. Based on heat plots of soil properties under different land uses, the apple orchards (25-year-old) formed hot spots of soil functional indicators in the study area, followed by the walnut orchard (25-year-old) > enclosured rangeland > apple orchard (10-year-old) > walnut orchard (10-year-old). Although the conversion of natural lands (i.e., rangelands) to anthropogenic ones (i.e., orchards) is generally associated with negative feedbacks, tree species can be used (by creating forested rangeland or a combination of rangeland-agriculture) in areas with low soil function to improve soil conditions (in the long term).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489 Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mohmedi Kartalaei
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489 Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Haghverdi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Nadine Praeg
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Chaudhary S, Sindhu SS, Dhanker R, Kumari A. Microbes-mediated sulphur cycling in soil: Impact on soil fertility, crop production and environmental sustainability. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127340. [PMID: 36889205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in soil fertility and depletion of natural resources due to current intensive agricultural practices along with climate changes are the major constraints for crop productivity and global food security. Diverse microbial populations' inhabiting the soil and rhizosphere participate in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and thereby, improve soil fertility and plant health, and reduce the adverse impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment. Sulphur is 4th most common crucial macronutrient required by all organisms including plants, animals, humans and microorganisms. Effective strategies are required to enhance sulphur content in crops for minimizing adverse effects of sulphur deficiency on plants and humans. Various microorganisms are involved in sulphur cycling in soil through oxidation, reduction, mineralization, and immobilization, and volatalization processes of diverse sulphur compounds. Some microorganisms possess the unique ability to oxidize sulphur compounds into plant utilizable sulphate (SO42-) form. Considering the importance of sulphur as a nutrient for crops, many bacteria and fungi involved in sulphur cycling have been characterized from soil and rhizosphere. Some of these microbes have been found to positively affect plant growth and crop yield through multiple mechanisms including the enhanced mobilization of nutrients in soils (i.e., sulphate, phosphorus and nitrogen), production of growth-promoting hormones, inhibition of phytopathogens, protection against oxidative damage and mitigation of abiotic stresses. Application of these beneficial microbes as biofertilizers may reduce the conventional fertilizer application in soils. However, large-scale, well-designed, and long-term field trials are necessary to recommend the use of these microbes for increasing nutrient availability for growth and yield of crop plants. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding sulphur deficiency symptoms in plants, biogeochemical cycling of sulphur and inoculation effects of sulphur oxidizing microbes in improving plant biomass and crop yield in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chaudhary
- Research Associate, EBL Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Satyavir Singh Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Rinku Dhanker
- International Institute of Veterinary, Education & Research, Bahuakbarpur, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Anju Kumari
- Center of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
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Koritschoner JJ, Whitworth Hulse JI, Cuchietti A, Arrieta EM. Spatial patterns of nutrients balance of major crops in Argentina. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159863. [PMID: 36397316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Argentina has a long tradition of agricultural systems that use few amounts of fertilizers. However, the crop nutrient balance remains unknown throughout the country. In this study, we estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) balance at national and subnational scale of the six major grain crops: soybean, maize, wheat, sunflower, barley and sorghum. We found a negative spatio-temporal NPS balance with an annual average deficit of -22.4 kg ha-1 year-1 for N, -6.9 kg ha-1 year-1 for P and -2.1 kg ha-1 year-1 for S. Considering the whole agricultural area analyzed, the balance represented a mean annual negative net outflow of 612 thousand tons (kT) of N, 166 kT of P and 58 kT of S. The nutrient balance was not homogeneous across the country, with significant differences among the three major productive regions: i) the Pampean nucleus region (-32.2, -8.5, -2.92 kg ha-1 year-1, for N, P and S respectively) ii) the non-nucleus Pampean region (-14.3, -3.7, -2.03 kg ha-1 year-1 for N, P and S respectively), and iii) extra-Pampean region (-22.4, -6.3, -2.13 kg ha-1 year-1 for N, P and S respectively). Remarkably, despite having the highest N and P application rate, the Pampean nucleus region has the largest deficit of the analyzed nutrients. Soybean was the main driver of the nutrient mining in the country, accounting for 62 % of the NPS deficits at national scale (-418 kT N year-1, -120 kT P year-1 and -35 kT S year-1). Our findings suggest that the current fertilization practices applied to the major extensive crops in Argentina are far from being sufficient to supply the nutrients they demand, even cultivating soybean that is a N-fixing crop. These results highlight that Argentine main crops' high productivity is reached at the expense of soil nutrient depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius J Koritschoner
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Argentina
| | - Juan I Whitworth Hulse
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales - IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis & CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Anibal Cuchietti
- Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MAyDS), Dirección Nacional de Bosques, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina
| | - Ezequiel M Arrieta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Bilias F, Kalderis D, Richardson C, Barbayiannis N, Gasparatos D. Biochar application as a soil potassium management strategy: A review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159782. [PMID: 36309281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The established practices of intensive agriculture, combined with inadequate soil Κ replenishment by conventional inorganic fertilization, results in a negative environmental impact through the gradual exhaustion of different forms of K reserves in soils. Although biochar application as soil amendment has been established as an approach of integrated nutrient management, few works have focused on the impact of biochar application to soil K availability and crop uptake. This review provides an up-to-date analysis of the published literature, focusing on the impact of biochar in the availability of potassium in soil and crop growth. First, the effect of biomass type and pyrolysis temperature on potassium content of biochar was assessed. Second, the influence of biochar addition to the availability of potassium in soil and on potassium soil dynamics was examined. Finally, alternative methods for estimating available K in soils were proposed. The most promising biomasses in terms of potassium content were grape pomace, coffee husk and hazelnut husk however, these have not been widely utilized for biochar production. Higher pyrolysis temperatures (>500 °C) increase the total potassium content whereas lower temperatures increase the water-soluble and exchangeable potassium fractions. It was also determined that biochar has considerable potential for enhancing K availability through several distinct mechanisms which eventually lead directly or indirectly to increased K uptake by plants. Indirect mechanisms mainly include increased K retention capacity based on biochar properties such as high cation exchange capacity, porosity, and specific surface area, while the direct supply of K can be provided by K-rich biochar sources through purpose-made biochar production techniques. Research based on biochar applications for soil K fertility purposes is still at an early stage, therefore future work should focus on elucidating the mechanisms that define K retention and release processes through the complicated soil-biochar-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Bilias
- Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Laboratory of Environmental Technologies and Applications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Barbayiannis
- Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dionisios Gasparatos
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
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Fu H, Ma Z, Wang X, Chen K, Han K, Ma Q, Wu L. Sustainable strategies related to soil fertility, economic benefit, and environmental impact on pear orchards at the farmer scale in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:17316-17326. [PMID: 36194318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pears are an important income source in China, and unreasonable management practices have had a negative impact on the sustainability of pear orchards. However, multi-objective synergistic strategies are unclear on a farmer scale. In this study, we quantified indicators of soil fertility (soil organic matter (SOM)), environmental impact (global warming potentials (GWP)), and economic benefit (ratio of benefit and cost (BCR)) and analysed the synergetic strategies based on survey data from 230 smallholders in the Yangtze River Basin (Shanghai City, Chongqing City, Zhejiang province, and Jiangxi province). The average SOM, GWP, and BCR were 28.9 g kg-1, 17.3 t CO2-eq ha-1, and 3.63, respectively. Furthermore, optimised solutions using the Pareto multiple-objective optimisation model can reduce the GWP by 44.6% and improve the SOM and BCR by 34.4% and 43.9%, respectively, when fertiliser N rate and density are both decreased and the ratio of organic fertiliser application is increased compared to farmer management practices. The structural equation model indicated that planting density and fertiliser N rate can directly influence GWP and indirectly increase SOM and BCR; organic fertiliser application directly affects the GWP, SOM, and BCR. Our research provides a bottom-up approach based on the farmer scale, which can improve the sustainability of pear systems, and these findings can be used as guidelines for policymakers and pear orchard managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhengbo Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertiliser, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kefeng Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Pokharel P, Chang SX. Biochar decreases and nitrification inhibitor increases phosphorus limitation for microbial growth in a wheat-canola rotation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159773. [PMID: 36374728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural management practices affect microbial populations and ecoenzymatic activities; however, the effect of these practices on ecological stoichiometry relating the elemental ratio of resources to microbial biomass is poorly understood. In a 2-year field study, we assessed the effects of biochar and nitrapyrin (a commonly used nitrification inhibitor (NI)) on the ecological stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-canola (Brassica juncea L.) rotation. This study used a 3 × 2 factorial design that included two treatments: (i) biochar with three levels: no biochar addition (BC0), and biochar added at 10 (BC10) and 20 t ha-1 (BC20), and (ii) NI with two levels: without (NI0) and with NI (NI1). Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were increased by biochar application, regardless of the application rate, but were not affected by NI application. Biochar increased and NI decreased β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase (P < 0.05) with subsequent changes in ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry analysis showed microbial P limitation relative to N in the studied area irrespective of the treatment, with contrasting effects of biochar (decreasing) and NI (increasing) on the vector angle of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry (P = 0.037 and 0.043, respectively). Biochar applied at 20 t ha-1 decreased the threshold elemental ratio of C:P at which microbial growth switches between nutrient and C limitations, suggesting a shift towards C relative to nutrient (P) limitation. This study concludes that biochar produced from manure compost can be useful in increasing microbial growth by alleviating P limitations in a wheat-canola rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pokharel
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
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