1
|
Wenting E, Siepel H, Jansen PA. Variability of the Ionome of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Dutch National Park, with Implications for Biomonitoring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2518-2546. [PMID: 37814170 PMCID: PMC11052835 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionome-an important expression of the physiological state of organisms-is poorly known for mammals. The focus on particular tissues-such as liver, kidney, and bones-in biomonitoring of environmental pollution and potential deficiencies is based on widely held assumptions rather than solid knowledge of full mammalian ionomes. We examined the full ionome of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa), two commonly used mammals for biomonitoring, in a Dutch protected nature reserve (Veluwezoom). We used four individuals per species. We dissected 13 tissues and organs from each individuals (eight in total) of each species and measured 22 elemental concentrations in each. We assessed, for each element, how concentrations varied across tissues within and between individuals. Based on existing literature, we put our findings in the context of their function in the mammalian body. We found that the ionome was highly variable between as well as within the two species. For most elements, tissues containing the highest and lowest concentration differed between individuals. No single tissue accurately represented the accumulation of toxic elements or potential deficiencies in the bodies. Our assessment of the element's biological roles revealed a serious lack of reference values. Our findings imply that analyses of commonly used tissues in biomonitoring do not necessarily capture bioaccumulation of toxins or potential deficiencies. We recommend establishing a centralized database of mammalian ionomes to derive reference values in future. To our knowledge, our study is one of the most complete assessments of mammalian ionomes to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palansooriya KN, Zhou Y, An Z, Cai Y, Chang SX. Microplastics affect the ecological stoichiometry of plant, soil and microbes in a greenhouse vegetable system. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171602. [PMID: 38461987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing global issue due to its potential threat to ecosystem and human health. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) MP is the most common type of plastics polluting agricultural soils, negatively affecting soil-microbial-plant systems. However, the effects of LDPE MPs on the carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) of soil-microbial-plant systems have not been well elucidated. Thus, we conducted a pot experiment with varying LDPE MP concentrations (w/w) (control without MPs; 0.2 % MPs (PE1); 5 % MPs (PE2); and 10 % MPs (PE3)) to study their effects on soil-microbial-plant C-N-P stoichiometry. Soil C:N ratio increased 2.3 and 3.4 times in PE2 and PE3, respectively. Soil C:P ratio increased 2.2 and 3.6 times in PE2 and PE3, respectively. Soil microbial C:N ratios decreased by 46.2 % in PE1, while C:P ratios decreased by 59.2, 38.6, and 67.9 % in PE1, PE2, and PE3, respectively. Soil microbial N:P ratio decreased in PE1 (17.2) and PE3 (59.1 %). MPs increased shoot C content and C:N ratios, particularly at the 5 % MP addition rate. MP addition altered dissolved organic C, N, and P concentrations, depending on the MP addition rate. Microbial community responses to MP exposure were complex, leading to variable effects on different microbial groups at different MP addition rates. Structural equation modeling showed that MP addition had a direct positive effect (β = 0.96) on soil C-N-P stoichiometry and a direct negative effect (β = -1.34) on microbial C-N-P stoichiometry. These findings demonstrate the complex interactions between MPs, soil microorganisms, and nutrient dynamics, highlighting the need for further research to better understand the ecological implications of MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengfeng An
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou A, Ge B, Chen S, Kang D, Wu J, Zheng Y, Ma H. Leaf ecological stoichiometry and anatomical structural adaptation mechanisms of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:325. [PMID: 38658813 PMCID: PMC11040857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the increase in altitude in the Pliocene, the environment became dry and cold, thermophilous plants that originally inhabited ancient subtropical forest essentially disappeared. However, Quercus sect. Heterobalanus (QSH) have gradually become dominant or constructive species distributed on harsh sites in the Hengduan Mountains range in southeastern QTP, Southwest China. Ecological stoichiometry reveals the survival strategies plants adopt to adapt to changing environment by quantifying the proportions and relationships of elements in plants. Simultaneously, as the most sensitive organs of plants to their environment, the structure of leaves reflects of the long-term adaptability of plants to their surrounding environments. Therefore, ecological adaptation mechanisms related to ecological stoichiometry and leaf anatomical structure of QSH were explored. In this study, stoichiometric characteristics were determined by measuring leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents, and morphological adaptations were determined by examining leaf anatomical traits with microscopy. RESULTS Different QSH life forms and species had different nutrient allocation strategies. Leaves of QSH plants had higher C and P and lower N contents and higher N and lower P utilization efficiencies. According to an N: P ratio threshold, the growth of QSH species was limited by N, except that of Q. aquifolioides and Q. longispica, which was limited by both N and P. Although stoichiometric homeostasis of C, N, and P and C: N, C: P, and N: P ratios differed slightly across life forms and species, the overall degree of homeostasis was strong, with strictly homeostatic, homeostatic, and weakly homeostatic regulation. In addition, QSH leaves had compound epidermis, thick cuticle, developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue. However, leaves were relatively thin overall, possibly due to leaf leathering and lignification, which is strategy to resist stress from UV radiation, drought, and frost. Furthermore, contents of C, N, and P and stoichiometric ratios were significantly correlated with leaf anatomical traits. CONCLUSIONS QSH adapt to the plateau environment by adjusting the content and utilization efficiencies of C, N, and P elements. Strong stoichiometric homeostasis of QSH was likely a strategy to mitigate nutrient limitation. The unique leaf structure of the compound epidermis, thick cuticle, well-developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue is another adaptive mechanism for QSH to survive in the plateau environment. The anatomical adaptations and nutrient utilization strategies of QSH may have coevolved during long-term succession over millions of years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Bairuixue Ge
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Dingxu Kang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin L, Wu Q, Xie S, Chen W, Duan C, Sun C, Pan Y, Lauridsen TL. Phosphorus stoichiometric homeostasis of submerged macrophytes and associations with interspecific interactions and community stability in Erhai Lake, China. Water Res 2024; 256:121575. [PMID: 38636121 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
According to stoichiometric homeostasis theory, eutrophication is expected to increase the dominance of submerged macrophytes with low homeostatic regulation coefficients (H) relative to those with high H values, ultimately reducing macrophyte community stability. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. In this study, we conducted a three-year tracking survey (seven sampling events) at 81 locations across three regions of Erhai Lake. We assessed the H values of submerged macrophyte species, revealing significant H values for phosphorus (P) and strong associations of HP values (range: 1.58-2.94) with species and community stability. Moreover, in plots simultaneously containing the dominant high-HP species, Potamogeton maackianus, and its low-HP counterpart, Ceratophyllum demersum, we explored the relationships among eutrophication, interspecific interaction shifts, and community dynamics. As the environmental P concentration increased, the dominance of P. maackianus decreased, while that of C. demersum increased. This shift coincided with reductions in community HP and stability. Our study underpins the effectiveness of H values for forecasting interspecific interactions among submerged macrophytes, thereby clarifying how eutrophication contributes to the decline in stability of the submerged macrophyte community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Shijie Xie
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Information Institute, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Ecoscience and WATEC, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-6, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi J, Du Y, Zou J, Ma S, Mao S, Li W, Yu C. Mechanisms of microbial-driven changes in soil ecological stoichiometry around gold mines. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133239. [PMID: 38118202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used soils with different pollution and nutrient levels (non-polluted S1, highly polluted low-nutrient S2, and highly polluted high nutrient S3) around the gold mine tailing ponds, and combined with metabolic limitation modeling and macro-genomics approaches, aiming to investigate the relationship between soil microbial composition and soil eco-chemometrics characteristics under heavy metal stress. The results showed that heavy pollution resulted in reduced SOC, TN, microbial biomass, and with C- and P- acquisition (BG, CBH, ALP) as well as nitrogen limitation of soil microbial metabolism in soils (S2, S3). Further analysis by macrogenomics showed that heavy metal contamination led to an increase in α-microbial diversity and altered the composition of microbial communities in the soil. The cycling of C, N, and P nutrients was altered by affecting the relative abundance of Anaeromyxobacter, Steroidobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Acidobacterium, Limnochorda (predominantly in the Ascomycetes and Acidobacteria phyla), with the most pronounced effect on the composition of microorganisms synthesizing C-acquiring enzymes, and heavy metals and pH were the main influences on ecological stoichiometry. The results of this study are useful for understanding the sustainability of ecological remediation in heavy metal contaminated areas and for developing ecological restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbin Du
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiacheng Zou
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suya Ma
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuaixian Mao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Caihong Yu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Yuan S, Wang H. The impact of water storage capacity on plant dynamics in arid environments: A stoichiometric modeling approach. Math Biosci 2024; 369:109147. [PMID: 38266704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plants in arid environments have evolved many strategies to resist drought. Among them, the developed water storage tissue is an essential characteristic of xerophytes. To clarify the role of water storage capacity in plant performance, we originally formulate a stoichiometric model to describe the interaction between plants and water with explicit water storage. Via an ecological reproductive index, we explore the effects of precipitation and water storage capacity on plant dynamics. The model possesses saddle-node bifurcation and forward or backward bifurcation, and the latter may lead to the emergence of alternative stable states between a stable survival state and a stable extinction state. Numerical simulations illustrate the persistence and resilience of plants regulated by soil conditions, precipitation and water storage capacity. Our findings contribute to the botanical theory in the perspectives of environmental change and plant water storage traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Sanling Yuan
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Lei J, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Peng C, Koerner SE, Xu J, Guo L. Responses of C:N:P stoichiometric correlations among plants, soils and microorganisms to warming: A meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168827. [PMID: 38030014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants, soils and microorganisms play important roles in maintaining stable terrestrial stoichiometry. Studying how nutrient balances of these biotic and abiotic players vary across temperature gradients is important when predicting ecosystem changes on a warming planet. The respective responses of plant, soil and microbial stoichiometric ratios to warming have been observed, however, whether and how the stoichiometric correlations among the three components shift under warming has not been clearly understood and identified. In the present study, we have performed a meta-analysis based on 600 case studies from 74 sites or locations to clarify whether and how warming affects plant, soil and microbial stoichiometry, respectively, and their correlations. Our results indicated that: (1) globally, plants had higher C:N and C:P values compared to soil and microbial pools, but their N:P distributions were similar; (2) warming did not significantly alter plant, soil and microbial C:N and C:P values, but had a noticeable effect on plant N:P ratios. When ecosystem types, duration and magnitude of warming were taken into account, there was an inconsistent and even inverse warming response in terms of the direction and magnitude of changes in the C:N:P ratios occurring among plants, soils and microorganisms; (3) despite various warming responses of the stoichiometric ratios detected separately for plants, soils and microorganisms, the stoichiometric correlations among all three parts remained constant even under different warming scenarios. Our study highlighted the complexity of the effect of warming on the C:N:P stoichiometry, as well as the absence and importance of simultaneous measurements of stoichiometric ratios across different components of terrestrial ecosystems, which should be urgently strengthened in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jichu Lei
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiyou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, USA
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; World Agroforestry Center, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong Z, Sheng M, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Wang L. Ecological stoichiometry of C, N, P and Si of Karst Masson pine forests: Insights for the forest management in southern China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169490. [PMID: 38141980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry is an effective method to study the stoichiometric relations and laws of elements in biogeochemical cycle, widely used in studies on nutrient cycles, limiting elements and nutrient utilization efficiency in ecosystems. To explore C, N, P, and Si stoichiometric characteristics and reveal these nutrient cycle processes and mechanisms in the karst Masson pine forests, the typical Masson pine forests of the three different stand ages in southern China were selected as the research objects and the C, N, P, and Si stoichiometric characteristics of soil-plant-litter continuum were studied. The followed results and conclusions were obtained: 1) Content range of TOC (total organic carbon), TN (total N), TP (Total P) and TSi (total Si) of the Masson pine forests was 288.31-334.61, 0.34-6.66, 0.11-1.05, and 0.76-11.4 g·kg-1, respectively. And the ratio range of C:N, C:P, C:Si, N:P, N:Si, and P:Si was 49.95-913.57, 99.98-2872.18, 22.48-429.31, 1.85-6.33, 0.17-6.01, and 0.04-0.91, respectively. 2) The significant differences in C, N, P, and Si stoichiometric characteristics were present between different organs or different forest ages. Leaves had the highest N and P content, while roots were the best enriched organ of Si element. Si content and C:Si were obviously correlated with forest age. 3) Significant N limitation was present in the Masson pine forests. And in the young and middle-aged forests, N limitation was more obvious. 4) The litter nutrients mainly came from branches. And the litter decomposed fast, which played an important role in the nutrient return of barren karst soil. The present results not only revealed the stoichiometric characteristics and cycling processes of C, N, P, and Si elements in the Masson pine forests, but also provided important scientific bases for the artificial management of Masson pine plantations in southern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Gong
- Institute of Karst Research, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Maoyin Sheng
- Institute of Karst Research, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Xujuan Zheng
- Institute of Karst Research, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Karst Research, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Linjiao Wang
- Institute of Karst Research, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grunberg RL, Braat M, Bolnick DI. Elemental content of a host-parasite relationship in the threespine stickleback. Oecologia 2024; 204:427-437. [PMID: 37358647 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Parasite infections are ubiquitous and their effects on hosts could play a role in ecosystem processes. Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework to study linkages between consumers and their resource, such as parasites and their host, and ecosystem process; however, the stoichiometric traits of host-parasite associations are rarely quantified. Specifically, it is unclear whether parasites' elemental ratios closely resemble those of their host or if infection is related to host stoichiometry, especially in vertebrate hosts. To answer such questions, we measured the elemental content (%C, %N, and %P) and molar ratios (C:N, C:P, and N:P) of parasitized and unparasitized Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) and their cestode parasite, Schistocephalus solidus. Host and parasite elemental content were distinct from each other, and parasites were generally higher in %C and lower in %N and %P. Parasite infections were related to host C:N, with infected hosts being lower in C:N. Parasite elemental content was independent of their host, but parasite body mass and parasite density were important drivers of parasite stoichiometry. Overall, these potential effects of parasite infections on host stoichiometry along with parasites' distinct elemental compositions suggest parasites may further contribute to differences in how individual hosts store and recycle nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita L Grunberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Megan Braat
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao D, Liu S, Gao F, Ning C, Wu X, Yan W, Smith A. Response of soil micro-food web to nutrient limitation along a subtropical forest restoration. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168349. [PMID: 37963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem productivity and function is strongly influenced by the interaction between soil organisms and their resource use that can be impeded by an imbalance of ecological stoichiometry. Soil microorganisms are known to have an important role in biogeochemical cycling which is strongly influenced by ecological stoichiometry. However, there is limited understanding of how soil micro-food web respond to stoichiometric imbalances during forest restoration. Here, we investigated the effect of forest restoration on soil physio-chemical properties and the structure and function of soil micro-food web along a chronosequence of transformation stages: (i) early stage monoculture plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) comprised of three age classes (5, 10 and 20 years); (ii) mid-stage conifer-broadleaved mixed forest; and (iii) late-stage mixed species broadleaved forest in south China. Results showed that forest restoration from C. lanceolata monocultures to mixed species broadleaved forest significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes abundance increased and the co-occurrence networks of soil biota became more complex and stable along the restoration chronosequence. In contrast, soil nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, particularly phosphorus limitation, increased along the chronosequence. In addition, soil exoenzyme activity suggested that the microbial investment in resource acquisition shifted from C- to nutrient-acquiring enzymes from the earlier to the later restoration stages. Availability of soil resources (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, and available phosphate) appeared to have an important role in regulating soil food web composition, structure and stability during forest restoration. We conclude that nutrient limitation, particularly phosphorus limitation, likely has an important role in determining the stability of soil food webs during forest restoration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationships between soil nutrient limitation and soil micro-food web, and have implications for carbon sequestration through forest restoration and management in southern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Chen Ning
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Andy Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sena O, Carneiro LS, de Alencar MIG, Cavalcanti G, Bezerra PVV, Caliman A. Contrasting Effects of Leaf Litter Quality and Diversity on Oviposition of Mosquitoes. Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:1018-1026. [PMID: 37782401 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality and diversity of leaf litter are important variables in determining the availability of energy in detritus-based food webs. These factors can be represented by the stoichiometric proportion between carbon and multiple nutrients, and the mixture of litter from different taxonomic and/or functional origins. In aquatic ecosystems, factors that accelerate litter decomposition can influence the secondary productivity of planktonic microbiota, which act as a link between litter and higher trophic levels. This study aimed to analyze the influence of litter quality and diversity on the oviposition behavior of medically important mosquitoes. We hypothesized that both factors would have a positive effect on the attraction of female mosquitoes and would stimulate a greater amount of oviposition. To test this hypothesis, microcosms containing isolated leaf litter leachates from four plant species were used to manipulate gradients of litter quality, and microcosms with all leachates combined were used to test the effects of litter diversity. The results showed a positive effect of litter quality (p < 0.05) on mosquito oviposition rate, with lower C:P ratio litter species (high-quality litter) presenting higher oviposition rates than litter species with high C:P ratios (low-quality litter). However, contrary to our expectations, litter diversity had a negative effect (p = 0.002) on the magnitude of egg-laying by mosquitoes. Our results highlight the importance of litter quality and diversity for insect reproductive behavior. Our data shows that litter quality can serve as a crucial indicator of a suitable environment utilized by female mosquitoes for oviposition. This finding can enhance our ability to understand and develop effective methods for mitigating the reproduction of medically significant mosquitoes, whether by allowing us to predict, based on the composition of vegetation species, areas more prone to mosquito infestation, or by using high-quality litter in oviposition traps. Furthermore, maintaining vegetation diversity can help control mosquito reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Sena
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular E Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Vale Bezerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular E Genética, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou M, Jin X, Jiang M, Lü X, Lou Y. Helophytes adapt to water and N-enrichment stresses by adjusting and coordinating stoichiometry characteristics in main organs. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165538. [PMID: 37454833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the adaptation strategies of plants under stressful environments from an ecological stoichiometry perspective is a critical but underexplored research topic, and multi-organ collaborative research for multi-species can provide a comprehensive understanding. In this study, helophytes were selected as the subjects, and water depth and water N-enrichment were set as the stressors. A simulation experiment including three water depths (drought stress, control and flooding stress) and four water N-enrichment levels (control, low, medium and high N-enrichment stresses) for six helophyte species was carried out. Overall, C concentrations in all plant organs remained stable under water (drought-flooding stress) and N-enrichment stress. N concentrations increased under both flooding and drought stresses, while P concentrations and the N:P ratio showed an increase and decrease under only flooding stress, respectively. N concentration and N:P ratio increased with water N-enrichment level. The interaction only promoted the accumulation of N concentrations in aboveground organs. Especially, several species also changed organ C concentrations to adapt to water stress and adjusted root N concentrations for the combined stresses of flooding or drought and high N. Leaf and stem were strongly synergistic in N element, and leaf and root were mainly synergistic in P element. Water N-enrichment determined organ element concentrations more than water depth, and species identity dictated organ C:N:P ratios. Our results reveal that the allocation and synergy of nutrients among organs are important adaptive strategies for plants in stressful environments. Meanwhile, increasing water N-enrichment can be an unignored stressor, and species identity should be paid attention as a countermeasure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xianguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu J, Zhao X, Wang S, Feng S, Ning Z, Wang R, Chen X, Zhao H, Chen M. Untangling the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry along a desert-grassland transition zone in northern China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 884:163902. [PMID: 37137371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant elemental composition and stoichiometry are useful tools for understanding plant nutrient strategy and biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, no studies have examined how plant leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry responds to abiotic and biotic factors in the fragile desert-grassland ecological transition zone in northern China. Then a systematically designed 400 km transect was established to investigate the C, N, and P stoichiometry of 870 leaf samples of 61 species from 47 plant communities in the desert-grassland transition zone. At the individual level, plant taxonomic groups and life forms rather than climate or soil factors determined the leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry. In addition, leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry (except leaf C) was significantly influenced by soil moisture content in the desert-grassland transition zone. At the community level, leaf C content showed a considerable interspecific variation (73.41 %); however, the variation in leaf N and P content, as well as C:N and C:P ratios, was mainly due to intraspecific variation, which was in turn driven by soil moisture. We suggested that intraspecific trait variation played a key role in regulating community structure and function to enhance the resistance and resilience of plant communities to climate change in the desert-grassland transition zone. Our results highlighted the role of soil moisture content as a critical parameter for modeling the biogeochemical cycling in dryland plant-soil systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Lu
- Urat Desert and Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayannur 015000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert and Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayannur 015000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Urat Desert and Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayannur 015000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhiying Ning
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixiong Wang
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhao
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Chen
- Urat Desert and Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayannur 015000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee LC, Weigelhofer G, Hein T, Chan SC, Liou YS, Liao CS, Shiah FK, Yu YL, Lee TY, Huang JC. Transition of carbon-nitrogen coupling under different anthropogenic disturbances in subtropical small mountainous rivers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:162017. [PMID: 36739020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The commonly observed inverse relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in aquatic systems can be explained by stoichiometric and thermodynamic principles regulating microbial assimilation and dissimilation processes. However, the interactive effects of human activities and dissolved oxygen (DO) on the DOC and DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly composed of NO3--N and NH4+-N) relations are not well identified, particularly in subtropical small mountainous rivers (SMRs). Here, we investigated the exports and relations of DOC-DIN in 42 Taiwan SMRs under different anthropogenic disturbances. Results showed that the island-wide mean concentrations of the three solutes in streams are generally low, yet the abundant rainfall and persistent supply contrarily lead to disproportional high DOC and DIN yields. The inverse DOC-NO3--N relation does not appear under well‑oxygenated conditions, regardless of low or high human disturbance. However, a significant inverse relationship between DOC-NO3--N would emerge in highly-disturbed watersheds under low-oxygenated conditions (mean annual DO <6.5 mg L-1), where excess N accumulates as NH4+-N rather than NO3--N. The controlling mechanism of DOC-DIN relations would shift from energetic constraints to redox constraints in low-oxygenated conditions. Although riverine concentrations of DOC, NO3--N, and NH4+-N could be elevated by human activities, the transition of DOC-DIN relation pattern is directly linked to DO availability. Understanding the mechanism that drives CN coupling is critical for assessing the ecosystem function in the delivery and retention of DOC and DIN in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Thomas Hein
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Meta Ecosystem Dynamics in Riverine Landscapes, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shin-Chien Chan
- Department of Geography, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ying-San Liou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Yu
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Zeng F. Patterns of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of three life-form desert plants and responses to soil and microbial biomass factors in a hyper-arid desert ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:43962-43974. [PMID: 36680725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant, soil, and microbial biomass ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are crucial in maintaining stability of desert ecosystems. Nevertheless, variation in relations of elemental ratios between different life forms of plants and soil and microbial biomass in desert ecosystems remains unclear. In a hyper-arid desert ecosystem, C, N, and P concentrations and ratios were analyzed in the plant-soil-microbial biomass system of three perennial desert species (Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. [Herb, Fabaceae], Karelinia caspica Pall. [Herb, non-Fabaceae], and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. [Shrub]). Concentrations of N and P in Alhagi sparsifolia leaf, stem, and root were significantly greater than those in Karelinia caspica and Tamarix ramosissima, whereas plant C and soil organic C (SOC) were highest with Tamarix ramosissima. Alhagi sparsifolia and Tamarix ramosissima were P-limited, whereas Karelinia caspica was N-limited. According to correlation analysis, SOC rather than soil total P (STP) regulated plant N:P ratios, and microbial biomass C, N, and P rather than SOC, soil total N, and STP regulated plant C:N:P ratios. Soil water content also affected plant nutrient balance. Thus, in a hyper-arid desert ecosystem, the plant-soil-microbial biomass system and the balance of C, N, and P are closely related, and the role of soil microbial biomass in affecting plant nutrient balance should receive increased attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Hotan, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, Hotan, 848300, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beck M, Billoir E, Floury M, Usseglio-Polatera P, Danger M. A 34-year survey under phosphorus decline and warming: Consequences on stoichiometry and functional trait composition of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159786. [PMID: 36377090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, freshwater systems are subjected to increasing temperatures and nutrient changes. Under phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment consumer communities are often thought to shift towards fast-growing and P-rich taxa, supporting the well-known link between growth rate and body stoichiometry. While these traits are also favoured under warming, the temperature effect on stoichiometry is less clear. As recently shown, there is a general link between functional traits and body stoichiometry, which makes the integration of stoichiometric traits a promising tool to help understanding the mechanisms behind taxonomic and functional community responses to nutrient changes and/or warming. Yet, such approaches have been scarcely developed at community level and on a long-term perspective. In this study, we investigated long-term responses in stoichiometry and functional trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities to nutrient changes (decreasing water P; increasing water N:P) and warming over a 34-year period in the Middle Loire River (France), testing the potentially opposing responses to these drivers. Both drivers should cause shifts in species composition, which will alter the overall community stoichiometry and functional composition following assumptions from ecological stoichiometry theory. We found that the macroinvertebrate community shifted towards P-poor taxa, causing significant trends in overall community stoichiometry which indicates long-term changes in the nutrient pool provided by these consumers (i.e. decrease in %N and %P, increase in N:P). Further, while the former high-P conditions favoured traits associated to detritus feeding and fast development (i.e. small maximum body size, short life duration), recent conditions favoured predators and slow-developing taxa. These results suggest nutrients to be a more important driver than temperature over this period. By providing a pivotal link between environmental changes and functional trait composition of communities, approaches based on stoichiometric traits offer sound perspectives to investigate ecological relationships between multiple drivers operating at various scales and ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Floury
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F- 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Michael Danger
- LIEC, Université de Lorraine, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng M, Cheng H, Zhang P, Wang K, Wang T, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou L, Xu J, Zhang M. Stoichiometric stability of aquatic organisms increases with trophic level under warming and eutrophication. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:160106. [PMID: 36370785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The balance of stoichiometric traits of organisms is crucial for nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. However, the impacts of different drivers on stoichiometric (carbon, C; nitrogen, N; and phosphorus, P) variations of organisms have not been well addressed. In order to understand how stoichiometric traits vary across trophic levels under different environmental stressors, we performed a mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of warming (including +3 °C consistent warming above ambient and heat waves ranging from 0 to 6 °C), eutrophication, herbicide and their interactions on stoichiometric traits of organisms at different trophic levels, which was quantified by stable nitrogen isotopes. Results showed that herbicide treatment had no significant impacts on all stochiometric traits, while warming and eutrophication significantly affected the stoichiometric traits of organisms at lower trophic levels. Eutrophication increased nutrient contents and decreased C: nutrient ratios in primary producers, while the response of N:P ratios depended on the taxonomic group. The contribution of temperature treatments to stoichiometric variation was less than that of eutrophication. Heat waves counteracted the impacts of eutrophication, which was different from the effects of continuous warming, indicating that eutrophication impacts on organism stoichiometric traits depended on climate scenarios. Compared to environmental drivers, taxonomic group was the dominant driver that determined the variations of stoichiometric traits. Furthermore, the stoichiometric stability of organisms was strongly positively correlated with their trophic levels. Our results demonstrate that warming and eutrophication might substantially alter the stoichiometric traits of lower trophic levels, thus impairing the nutrient transfer to higher trophic level, which might further change the structure of food webs and functions of the ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Haowu Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pokharel P, Chang SX. Biochar decreases and nitrification inhibitor increases phosphorus limitation for microbial growth in a wheat-canola rotation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159773. [PMID: 36374728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural management practices affect microbial populations and ecoenzymatic activities; however, the effect of these practices on ecological stoichiometry relating the elemental ratio of resources to microbial biomass is poorly understood. In a 2-year field study, we assessed the effects of biochar and nitrapyrin (a commonly used nitrification inhibitor (NI)) on the ecological stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-canola (Brassica juncea L.) rotation. This study used a 3 × 2 factorial design that included two treatments: (i) biochar with three levels: no biochar addition (BC0), and biochar added at 10 (BC10) and 20 t ha-1 (BC20), and (ii) NI with two levels: without (NI0) and with NI (NI1). Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were increased by biochar application, regardless of the application rate, but were not affected by NI application. Biochar increased and NI decreased β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase (P < 0.05) with subsequent changes in ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry analysis showed microbial P limitation relative to N in the studied area irrespective of the treatment, with contrasting effects of biochar (decreasing) and NI (increasing) on the vector angle of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry (P = 0.037 and 0.043, respectively). Biochar applied at 20 t ha-1 decreased the threshold elemental ratio of C:P at which microbial growth switches between nutrient and C limitations, suggesting a shift towards C relative to nutrient (P) limitation. This study concludes that biochar produced from manure compost can be useful in increasing microbial growth by alleviating P limitations in a wheat-canola rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pokharel
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- 442 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wagner ND, Osburn FS, Taylor RB, Back JA, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW, Scott JT. Diazotrophy modulates cyanobacteria stoichiometry through functional traits that determine bloom magnitude and toxin production. Limnol Oceanogr 2023; 68:348-360. [PMID: 36819961 PMCID: PMC9937718 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing threat to water quality. The interactions between two eco-physiological functional traits of cyanobacteria, diazotrophy (nitrogen (N)-fixation) and N-rich cyanotoxin synthesis, have never been examined in a stoichiometric explicit manner. We explored how a gradient of resource N:phosphorus (P) affects the biomass, N, P stoichiometry, light-harvesting pigments, and cylindrospermopsin production in a N-fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon. Low N:P Aphanizomenon cultures produced the same biomass as populations grown in high N:P cultures. The biomass accumulation determined by carbon, indicated low N:P Aphanizomenon cultures did not have a N-fixation growth tradeoff, in contrast to some other diazotrophs that maintain stoichiometric N homeostasis at the expense of growth. However, N-fixing Aphanizomenon populations produced less particulate cylindrospermopsin and had undetectable dissolved cylindrospermopsin compared to non-N-fixing populations. The pattern of low to high cyanotoxin cell quotas across an N:P gradient in the diazotrophic cylindrospermopsin producer is similar to the cyanotoxin cell quota response in non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria. We suggest that diazotrophic cyanobacteria may be characterized into two broad functional groups, the N-storage-strategists and the growth-strategists, which use N-fixation differently and may determine patterns of bloom magnitude and toxin production in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester MI, 48326, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
| | - Felicia S Osburn
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway AR, 72035, USA
| | - Raegyn B Taylor
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Back
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic System Research, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76798, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Q, Duan N, Liu C, Li H, Xu L. Allometry of bud dynamic pattern and linkage between bud traits and ecological stoichiometry of Nitraria tangutorum under fertilizer addition. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14934. [PMID: 36967995 PMCID: PMC10038085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Affected by the pressure and constraints of available resources, plant growth and development, as well as plant life history strategies, usually vary with environmental conditions. Plant buds play a crucial role in the life history of woody plants. Nitraria tangutorum is a common dominant woody species in desertified areas of northern China and its growth is critical to the desert ecosystem. Revealing the allometry of N. tangutorum aboveground bud fates and the linkage between bud traits and plant nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios can be useful in understanding plant adaptation strategy. We applied seven nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer addition treatments to natural N. tangutorum ramets in Ulan Buh Desert in three consecutive years. We surveyed three types of aboveground buds (dormant buds, vegetative buds, and reproductive buds) in each N. tangutorum ramet, then measured the plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and ratios during three consecutive years. We specified that reserve growth potential (RGP), vegetative growth intensity (VGI) and sexual reproduction effort (SRE) are the three indices of bud dynamic pattern. The results showed that the bud dynamic pattern of N. tangutorum ramets differed significantly among different fertilizer addition treatments and sampling years. The allometry of RGP, VGI, and SRE was obvious, showing size dependence. The allometric growth relationship fluctuated among the sampling years. The linkage between bud traits and plant stoichiometric characteristics of N. tangutorum ramets showed close correlation with plant P content, C:P and N:P ratios, no significant correlation with plant C content, N content and C:N ratio. These results contribute to an improved understanding of the adaptive strategies of woody plants growing in desert ecosystems and provide insights for adoption of effective measures to restore and conserve plant communities in arid and semi-arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Duan
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chenggong Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang K, Chang L, Li G, Li Y. Advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry under saline-alkali stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:5475-5486. [PMID: 36418830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is a serious abiotic factor which negatively impacts agricultural production and the ecological environment. Thus, improving the development of saline-alkali soil and reducing the effects of saline-alkali stress is a key issue for sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection. As such, it is unsurprising that researchers have lately focused on how to improve saline-alkali soil, increase the agricultural yield of saline-alkali land, and promote the adaptive growth of plants in saline-alkali soil. This paper reviews the latest research concerning nutrient content changes in saline-alkali soil, along with the associated changes in key nutrients in plants, to summarize which methods are most effective for improving the plant growth under saline-alkali stress. Finally, the prospects for alleviating saline-alkali stress and improving saline-alkali soil are put forward as a theoretical foundation for the stabilization of plant growth in saline-alkali soil, expansion of arable land area, crop yield improvement, and effective environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Lei Chang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yuefen Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, 130061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xia Z, Depew DC, Valipour R, MacIsaac HJ, Weidman RP. Impacts of invasive mussels on a large lake: Direct evidence from in situ control-volume experiments. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157924. [PMID: 35952866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive dreissenid mussels have reengineered many freshwater ecosystems in North America and Europe. However, few studies have directly linked their filter feeding activity with ecological effects except in laboratory tests or small-scale field enclosures. We investigated in situ grazing on lake seston by dreissenid mussels (mainly quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) using a 'control volume' approach in the nearshore of eastern Lake Erie in 2016. Flow conditions were measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, surrounded by three vertical sampling stations that were arranged in a triangular configuration to collect time-integrated water samples from five different depths. Seston variables, including chlorophyll a, phaeopigment, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and particulate phosphorus, along with stoichiometric ratios and water flow over mussel colonies, were considered when estimating grazing rates. We observed suboptimal flow velocity for mussel grazing, i.e., 0.028 m s-1 at 0.1 m above bottom (mab), and resuspension was deemed minimal. Water temperature (mean: 25.1 °C) and an unstratified water column were optimal for grazing. Concentration of seston was low (mean: 0.2 mg L-1 particulate organic carbon) and decreased from surface to lakebed where noticeable depletion was observed. Grazing rates calculated at discrete depths varied substantially among trials, with maximum rates occurring at 0.25 or 0.5 mab. Positive grazing rates were restricted to 0.5 mab and below, defining an effective grazing zone (0.1-0.5 mab) in which the flow velocity, seston concentration, and water depth were consistently and positively correlated with grazing rates of different lake seston variables. Horizontal changes in stoichiometric ratios of seston were strongly associated with grazing rates, revealing higher uptake of particulate phosphorus than nitrogen and carbon. Our study supports the nearshore phosphorus shunt hypothesis, which posits that dreissenid mussels retain phosphorus on the lake bottom and contribute to a wide range of ecological effects on freshwater ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xia
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - David C Depew
- Environment & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology & Ecology Research Division, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Reza Valipour
- Environment & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology & Ecology Research Division, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - R Paul Weidman
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wagner ND, Simmons DBD, Prater C, Frost PC. Proteome changes in an aquatic invertebrate consumer in response to different nutritional stressors. Oecologia 2022; 199:329-341. [PMID: 35661252 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances in zooplankton are caused by the differences in elemental content of producers and the demand for elements in consumers, which alter the life-history traits in consumers. Changes in life-history traits are mediated through metabolic pathways that affect gene expression and the metabolome. However, less is known about proteomic changes to elemental-limitation in zooplankton. Here, we grew Daphnia pulex under high food quantity and quality (HF), low food quantity (LF), and phosphorus (P)-limited (PL) diets for six days and measured growth, elemental composition, and the proteome. Daphnids in both LF and PL diets grew less. Animals in LF diets had less carbon (C), while daphnids in PL diets had less P compared to HF fed animals. In total, we identified 1719 proteins that were used in a partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Focusing on a subset of the proteome, the PLS-DA resulted in a clear separation between animals fed HF diets and PL and LF diets. Many proteome changes in nutrient-limited diets are associated with growth, reproduction, lipid metabolism, and nutrient assimilation. Regardless of the limiting nutrient, there were less hemoglobin and small subunit processome component proteins compared to HF fed animals. Daphnids fed LF diets had less vitellogenin fused superoxide dismutase and more lipid-droplet hydrolase, whereas Daphnia fed PL diets had higher abundances of cytochrome P450 and serine protease. Our proteome results compliment other "omic" studies that could be used to study Daphnia physiology in lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Tent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mao B, Wang Y, Zhao TH, Zhao Q, San Y, Xiao SS. Response of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and stoichiometry of plants and soils during a soybean growth season to O 3 stress and straw return in Northeast China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153573. [PMID: 35122851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry among plant organs and soils related to O3 stress and straw return. Here, a pot experiment was conducted in open top chambers to monitor the response of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils during a growing season (branching, flowering and podding stages) of soybean (Glycine max; a species highly sensitive to O3) to background O3 concentration (44.8 ± 5.6 ppb), O3 stress (79.7 ± 5.4 ppb) and straw treatment (no straw return and straw return). O3 stress significantly decreased root biomass. Straw return significantly increased root biomass under O3 stress at branching and flowering stages. Generally, O3 stress and straw return showed significant effects on the C, N and P concentrations of leaves and soils, and stoichiometric ratios of leaves, stems and microbial biomass. The C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils in response to O3 stress and straw return at the branching stage were inconsistent with the changes observed at the flowering and podding stages. The P conversion efficiency showed significant relationship with root P concentration under the combined effects of O3 stress and straw return. Altogether, the present study indicated that C, N and P concentrations of soybean might be more important than stoichiometric ratios as a driver of root defence against O3 stress in the case of straw return.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China; College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu San
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balluffi-Fry J, Leroux SJ, Champagne E, Vander Wal E. In defense of elemental currencies: can ecological stoichiometry stand as a framework for terrestrial herbivore nutritional ecology? Oecologia 2022. [PMID: 35396976 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional ecologists aim to predict population or landscape-level effects of food availability, but the tools to extrapolate nutrition from small to large extents are often lacking. The appropriate nutritional ecology currencies should be able to represent consumer responses to food while simultaneously be simple enough to expand such responses to large spatial extents and link them to ecosystem functioning. Ecological stoichiometry (ES), a framework of nutritional ecology, can meet these demands, but it is typically associated with ecosystem ecology and nutrient cycling, and less often used to study wildlife nutrition. Despite the emerging zoogeochemical evidence that animals, and thus their diets, play critical roles in nutrient movement, wildlife nutritional ecology has not fully embraced ES, and ES has not incorporated nutrition in many wildlife studies. Here, we discuss how elemental currencies are "nutritionally, organismally, and ecologically explicit" in the context of terrestrial herbivore nutritional ecology. We add that ES and elemental currencies offer a means to measure resource quality across landscapes and compare nutrient availability among regions. Further, we discuss ES shortcomings and solutions, and list future directions to advance the field. As ecological studies increasingly grow in spatial extent, and attempt to link multiple levels of biological organization, integrating more simple and unifying currencies into nutritional studies, like elements, is necessary for nutritional ecology to predict herbivore occurrences and abundances across regions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao R, He M, Jiang C, Liu F. Soil microbial stoichiometry and community structure responses to long-term natural forest conversion to plantations in a subtropical region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:27560-27570. [PMID: 34981382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial stoichiometry reflects carbon (C) and nutrient (e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) elemental balances under land-use change (LUC). However, how soil microbial community (SMC) structure and stoichiometry respond to long-term LUC in forests is still unclear. Here, we investigated three 36-year-old typical plantations, Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the natural forest to assess their soil microbial stoichiometry and SMC structure. Three plots (30×30 m2) were randomly set in each forest site. In each plot of every forest site, soil samples of three depths (0-10, 10-30, and 30-60 cm) were collected. Dissolved organic C, N, and P (abbreviated as DOC, DON, and DOP, respectively) and environmental factors were measured. We also detected microbial biomass C, N, and P as well as SMC structure. The results showed that the soil microbial C:N:P stoichiometry had a strong or strict homeostasis regardless of soil depth and exhibited decoupling from the SMC structure at each depth. The SMC structure across forest types was mainly driven by mean annual soil temperature (MAST) and DOC at 0-10 cm depth, by soil water content and MAST at 10-30 cm depth, and by DOC to DOP ratio at 30-60 cm depth. Thus, SMC structure could be jointly regulated by available resources and environment. These results suggest that the C dynamics in forests tend to gain resilience or re-equilibrium over more than three decades after forest conversion. These findings highlight the importance of reforested plantations forest management for sustaining soil C over a long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Canlan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krama T, Krams R, Munkevics M, Willow J, Popovs S, Elferts D, Dobkeviča L, Raibarte P, Rantala M, Contreras-Garduño J, Krams IA. Physiological stress and higher reproductive success in bumblebees are both associated with intensive agriculture. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12953. [PMID: 35256917 PMCID: PMC8898004 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-living organisms face multiple stressors in their habitats, and habitat quality often affects development and life history traits. Increasing pressures of agricultural intensification have been shown to influence diversity and abundance of insect pollinators, and it may affect their elemental composition as well. We compared reproductive success, body concentration of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and C/N ratio, each considered as indicators of stress, in the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Bumblebee hives were placed in oilseed rape fields and semi-natural old apple orchards. Flowering season in oilseed rape fields was longer than that in apple orchards. Reproductive output was significantly higher in oilseed rape fields than in apple orchards, while the C/N ratio of queens and workers, an indicator of physiological stress, was lower in apple orchards, where bumblebees had significantly higher body N concentration. We concluded that a more productive habitat, oilseed rape fields, offers bumblebees more opportunities to increase their fitness than a more natural habitat, old apple orchards, which was achieved at the expense of physiological stress, evidenced as a significantly higher C/N ratio observed in bumblebees inhabiting oilseed rape fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronalds Krams
- Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia,Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Indrikis A. Krams
- Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia,University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao R, He M, Yue P, Huang L, Liu F. Linking soil organic carbon stock to microbial stoichiometry, carbon sequestration and microenvironment under long-term forest conversion. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113940. [PMID: 34731964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest conversion can drastically impact carbon (C) and nutrient processes and microbial stoichiometry, which will modify soil organic C (SOC) stock. However, SOC stock dynamics and its underlying mechanisms induced by long-term forest conversion remain unclear. Three well-protected plantations converted from natural forests for 36 years were compared, i.e., Cryptomeria fortunei (CF), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (MG) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (CL), with a natural forest (NF) as a control. SOC stock size and stability across three soil depths (0-10, 10-30 and 30-60 cm) were examined with aggregate-based method. Forest floors and fine roots were treated as C and nutrient inputs while soil respiration (Rs) was treated as C output. Soil microbial biomass C, nitrogen and phosphorus were measured to calculate microbial stoichiometry, as well as microenvironment and soil physicochemical properties. The relationships between SOC stock (size and stability) and these factors were explored using structural equation model. The results showed that microbial stoichiometry had strong or strict homeostasis at each soil depth. At 0-10 cm soil deep, SOC stock size varied with tree species (following the rank of CL > NF ≈ CF > MG) but its stability increased in all forest conversion types, regulated by forest floor quantity and quality associated with Rs; at 10-30 cm soil deep, the SOC stock sizes decreased in CF and MG, but SOC stock stability increased in MG, jointly driven by fine root quality and microenvironment; at 30-60 cm soil deep, SOC stock size decreased but its stability increased in MG, whereas both its size and stability had few changes in CF or CL, modified by soil physicochemical property associated with microbial stoichiometry and Rs. Overall, the effects of microbial stoichiometry and microenvironment on SOC stock were not pronounced. Thus, SOC stock size changed with soil depth and tree species but its stability tended to be steady at all depths varying with tree species. These results suggest that SOC stock size and stability are mainly determined by self-regulation process of forest ecosystems over more than three-decade after forest conversion, which will help us more accurately assess C sequestration strategies regarding long-term forest conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
| | - Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Pengyun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang J, Li M, Xu L, Zhu J, Dai G, He N. C:N:P stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems in China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 795:148849. [PMID: 34246133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry is an efficient tool for exploring the balance and cycling of coupled elements (e.g., carbon [C], nitrogen [N], and phosphorus [P]). Therefore, C:N:P ratios are essential input parameters in most ecological models of productivity or C cycling. However, previous C:N:P ratios estimated using the species arithmetic means exhibit high uncertainty when used as direct model parameters. In this study, we comprehensively calculated C:N:P ratios from organs to ecosystems for 66 typical natural ecosystems in China (e.g., forests, grasslands, and deserts) using the community biomass-weighted mean (CWM), with the consistently measured element data of 3229 site-species combination. The C:N:P ratios were 427:19:1, 885:13:1, 9549:33:1, and 797:18:1 in the leaves, branches, trunks, and roots of terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. Furthermore, the ratios were 91:4:1, 919:17:1, 1121:25:1, and 55:4:1 in ecosystems, plant communities, litter, and soils, respectively. Significant differences were observed in C:N:P ratios among different ecosystem types and biomes, with generally higher ratios in forests. Moreover, the latitudinal patterns of C:N ratios exhibited no obvious trends, whereas both C:P and N:P ratios decreased significantly with increasing latitude, especially in forests. Environmental conditions explained 15.4-86.6% of the spatial variation of C:N:P ratios from organs to ecosystems. In summary, this study systematically demonstrates the variations in biome-scale C:N:P stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems, as well as their influencing factors, using the CWM. More importantly, this study provides a systematic dataset of C:N:P ratios from plot to biome scale that can be used to improve relevant ecological models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guanhua Dai
- Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Antu 133613, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Balluffi-Fry J, Leroux SJ, Wiersma YF, Richmond IC, Heckford TR, Rizzuto M, Kennah JL, Vander Wal E. Integrating plant stoichiometry and feeding experiments: state-dependent forage choice and its implications on body mass. Oecologia 2021; 198:579-591. [PMID: 34743229 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific feeding choices comprise a large portion of herbivore foraging decisions. Plant resource quality is heterogeneously distributed, affected by nutrient availability and growing conditions. Herbivores navigate landscapes, foraging not only according to food qualities, but also energetic and nutritional demands. We test three non-exclusive foraging hypotheses using the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus): (1) herbivore feeding choices and body conditions respond to intraspecific plant quality variation; (2) high energetic demands mitigate feeding responses; and (3) feeding responses are inflated when nutritional demands are high. We measured black spruce (Picea mariana) nitrogen, phosphorus and terpene compositions, as indicators of quality, within a snowshoe hare trapping grid and found plant growing conditions to explain spruce quality variation (R2 < 0.36). We then offered two qualities of spruce (H1) from the trapping grid to hares in cafeteria-style experiments and measured their feeding and body condition responses (n = 75). We proxied energetic demands (H2) with ambient temperature and coat insulation (% white coat) and nutritional demands (H3) with the spruce quality (nitrogen and phosphorus content) in home ranges. Hares with the strongest preference for high-quality spruce lost on average 2.2% less weight than hares who ate the least high-quality spruce relative to low-quality spruce. The results supported our energetic predictions as follows: hares in colder temperatures and with less-insulative coats (lower % white) consumed more spruce and were less selective towards high-quality spruce. Collectively, we found variation in plant growing conditions within herbivore home ranges substantial enough to affect herbivore body conditions, but energetic stats mediate plant-herbivore interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Balluffi-Fry
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Shawn J Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yolanda F Wiersma
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Isabella C Richmond
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Travis R Heckford
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Matteo Rizzuto
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joanie L Kennah
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adingo S, Yu JR, Xuelu L, Li X, Jing S, Xiaong Z. Variation of soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its Influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change: a review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12131. [PMID: 34721956 PMCID: PMC8522642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is the efficiency with which microorganisms convert absorbed carbon (C) into their own biomass C, also referred to as microorganism growth efficiency. Soil microbial CUE is a critical physiological and ecological parameter in the ecosystem’s C cycle, influencing the processes of C retention, turnover, soil mineralization, and greenhouse gas emission. Understanding the variation of soil microbial CUE and its influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change is critical for a better understanding of the ecosystem’s C cycle process and its response to global changes. In this review, the definition of CUE and its measurement methods are reviewed, and the research progress of soil microbial CUE variation and influencing factors is primarily reviewed and analyzed. Soil microbial CUE is usually expressed as the ratio of microbial growth and absorption, which is divided into methods based on the microbial growth rate, microbial biomass, substrate absorption rate, and substrate concentration change, and varies from 0.2 to 0.8. Thermodynamics, ecological environmental factors, substrate nutrient quality and availability, stoichiometric balance, and microbial community composition all influence this variation. In the future, soil microbial CUE research should focus on quantitative analysis of trace metabolic components, analysis of the regulation mechanism of biological-environmental interactions, and optimization of the carbon cycle model of microorganisms’ dynamic physiological response process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adingo
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie-Ru Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liu Xuelu
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- School of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sun Jing
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhang Xiaong
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao XL, Li X, Zhao L, Kuzyakov Y. Shrubs magnify soil phosphorus depletion in Tibetan meadows: Conclusions from C:N:P stoichiometry and deep soil profiles. Sci Total Environ 2021; 785:147320. [PMID: 33957589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the proliferation of shrubs within grasslands stimulates soil phosphorus (P) cycling and increases topsoil P storage beneath their canopies. However, little is known regarding the impact of shrub encroachment on subsoil P storage, and whether shrubs mediate changes in soil stoichiometry, like increasing P cycling. In grazed meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, soil and roots were sampled to 1 m depth in shrubby Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis groves and the surrounding grassy areas. Shrubs had higher P content than grasses, but lower C:P ratios in their leaves, litter, and roots. Similarly, shrubs had higher microbial P content than grasses, but lower microbial biomass C:P and N:P ratios in the soil. The larger microbial P stock in the 1 m of soil beneath shrubs responded to the larger root P stock there as well. Thus, both the plants and microbes acquired more P in shrubby areas than in grassy areas by accelerating P mineralization. The greater net production of available P in the topsoil and the synthesis of microbial P throughout the profile under shrubs increased the P solubility. Total P, inorganic P, and organic P stocks were lower under shrubs than under grasses in the top 1 m of soil. This decrease in soil P storage beneath shrubs is most likely attributable to P leaching due to higher P solubility, heavy rainfall, and larger soil gaps. Moreover, shrubs also had larger plant biomass P stock compared to grasses, and thus the depletion of P from the top 1 m of soil was further magnified via plant biomass removal. We concluded that shrubs increase P cycling to overcome the stoichiometric imbalance between their P requirement and the supply in the soil, and the fast P cycling under shrubs magnify P depletion within the rooted soil depth in alpine meadows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, Jinming Avenue, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ipek Y, Jeyasingh PD. Growth and ionomic responses of a freshwater cyanobacterium to supplies of nitrogen and iron. Harmful Algae 2021; 108:102078. [PMID: 34588115 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and magnitude worldwide. A number of parameters are thought to underlie HABs, including the ratio at which two key elements, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are supplied, although a predictive understanding eludes us. While the physiological importance of iron (Fe) in electron transport and N-fixation is well known, relatively little is known about its impacts on the growth of freshwater cyanobacteria. Moreover, there is growing appreciation for correlated changes in the quotas of multiple elements encompassing an organism (i.e. the ionome) when the supply of one element changes, indicating that growth differences arise from complex biochemical adjustments rather than limitation of a key anabolic process by a single element. In this study, the effects of supply N:P and Fe on the growth and ionome of Dolichospermum, a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium found in freshwater ecosystems, were examined. Changes in both supply N:P and Fe had significant effects on yield. Consistent with prior observations, cyanobacterial growth was higher at N:P = 20, compared to N:P = 5, and quotas of all elements decreased with growth. Yield was negatively related with the degree of imbalance between dissolved supply and intracellular concentrations of not only N and Fe, but also multiple other elements. Changes in Fe supply had a significant effect on yield in N-limited conditions (N:P = 5). Again, ionome-wide imbalances decreased yield. Together, these results indicate that attention to multiple elements encompassing the ionome of a HAB-forming taxon, and the supplies of such elements may help improve the ability to forecast blooms. Such elemental interactions may be critical as limnologists begin to appreciate the staggering variation in the supplies of such elements among lakes, and anthropogenic activities continue to alter global biogeochemical cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetkin Ipek
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rizzuto M, Leroux SJ, Vander Wal E, Richmond IC, Heckford TR, Balluffi-Fry J, Wiersma YF. Forage stoichiometry predicts the home range size of a small terrestrial herbivore. Oecologia 2021; 197:327-338. [PMID: 34131817 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Home range size of consumers varies with food quality, but the many ways of defining food quality hamper comparisons across studies. Ecological stoichiometry studies the elemental balance of ecological processes and offers a uniquely quantitative, transferrable way to assess food quality using elemental ratios, e.g., carbon (C):nitrogen (N). Here, we test whether snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) vary their home range size in response to spatial patterns of C:N, C:phosphorus (P), and N:P ratios of two preferred boreal forage species, lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) and red maple (Acer rubrum), in summer months. Boreal forests are N- and P-limited ecosystems and access to N- and P-rich forage is paramount to snowshoe hares' survival. Accordingly, we consider forage with higher C content relative to N and P to be lower quality than forage with lower relative C content. We combine elemental distribution models with summer home range size estimates to test the hypothesis that home range size will be smaller in areas with access to high, homogeneous food quality compared to areas of low, heterogeneous food quality. Our results show snowshoe hares had smaller home ranges in areas where lowbush blueberry foliage quality was higher or more spatially homogenous than in areas of lower, more heterogeneous food quality. By responding to spatial patterns of food quality, consumers may influence community and ecosystem processes by, for example, varying nutrient recycling rates. Our reductionist biogeochemical approach to viewing resources leads us to holistic insights into consumer spatial ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rizzuto
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
| | - Shawn J Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Isabella C Richmond
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Travis R Heckford
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | | | - Yolanda F Wiersma
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shen H, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Duan P, Zhang X, Wu Z, Xiong Z. Organic substitutions aggravated microbial nitrogen limitation and decreased nitrogen-cycling gene abundances in a three-year greenhouse vegetable field. J Environ Manage 2021; 288:112379. [PMID: 33770725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Partially substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer has substantially changed the stoichiometric imbalances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) between microbial communities and their available resources in agroecosystems. However, how organic substitution alters microbial nutrient limitation and then affects soil N cycle in intensive greenhouse vegetable ecosystem, remain unknown. Thus, we performed a three-year greenhouse vegetable field experiment in China with different fertilization strategies: no N fertilization, chemical N fertilization, and substituting 20% (1M4N) or 50% (1M1N) of chemical N with organic fertilizer (organic substitutions). Our results demonstrated that the microbial communities presented N limitation, accompanying with a strong N:P but a weak C:N (or P) microbial homeostasis in response to high N:P imbalance among all treatments. Organic substitutions at 1M1N and 1M4N significantly aggravated microbial N limitation and decreased the gene abundances of nitrification and denitrification by 4.7%-27.3% than that of chemical N fertilization. Microbial N limitation was strongly influenced by N:P stoichiometric imbalance illustrated from regression analysis. The N-cycling gene abundances were not only dependent on the inorganic N pool and soil physicochemical properties (i.e. pH and electrical conductivity), but also affected by microbial nutrient limitation inferred from random forest analysis. Furthermore, the 1M1N treatment performed better than the 1M4N in terms of improved crop yield and less microbial N limitation. Overall, these results highlight the importance of ecological stoichiometry in regulating soil N cycle under different fertilization strategies for intensive greenhouse vegetable ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuangge Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengpeng Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; School of Geographic Information and Tourism, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Zhengqin Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen D, Ke Z, Tan Y. Distribution of C/N/P stoichiometry in suspended particulate matter and surface sediment in a bay under serious anthropogenic influence: Daya Bay, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:29177-29187. [PMID: 33550523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The C/N/P stoichiometry of organic matter can provide useful information for better understanding of the effects of human activities on aquatic ecosystems. The Daya Bay is a semi-closed bay under serious anthropogenic influences in the southeastern China. This study investigated the contents and ratios of C, N, and P in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediment in Daya Bay during the spring of 2017. Average C/N/P ratios were 139/17/1 in the surface SPM, 129/16/1 in the bottom SPM, and 61/8/1 in the surface sediment. The C/N ratio of SPM was significantly lower in the western inner bay, suggesting that eutrophication can reduce this ratio. The N/P ratio of SPM was slightly higher in the inner bay, while no clearly distribution pattern was found in the C/P ratio of SPM. Compared with SPM, surface sediment showed significantly lower N/P and C/P ratios. The C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios and contents of total organic C, N, and P were higher in the surface sediment in the inner bay. Our results suggested that the distribution of C/N/P stoichiometry was uncoupled between SPM and surface sediment. The C/N/P stoichiometry of surface sediment can effectively reflect the regional variation of terrigenous input and the influence of nuclear power plant thermal effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie X, Pu L, Zhu M, Meadows M, Sun L, Wu T, Bu X, Xu Y. Differential effects of various reclamation treatments on soil characteristics: an experimental study of newly reclaimed tidal mudflats on the east China coast. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:144996. [PMID: 33453526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation of coastal land is increasingly being used as a means of raising agricultural productivity and improving food security in China. Applications of organic and inorganic supplements on reclaimed soils can significantly adjust a range of soil properties, C, N, P content and stoichiometry, and extracellular enzyme activities. However, the linkages between soil C꞉N꞉P stoichiometry and extracellular enzyme activities following reclamation of coastal saline soil remain largely unclear. In this experimental study, treatments included control (CK), chicken manure (OM), polyacrylamide plus chicken manure (PAM+OM), straw mulching plus chicken manure (SM + OM), buried straw plus chicken manure (BS + OM), and bio-organic manure plus chicken manure (BM + OM) were conducted to explore the linkages between soil physicochemical characteristics in reclaimed soils under different treatments and to evaluate their impact on oat yield. Soils under all reclamation treatments exhibited higher moisture content and, with the exception of SM + OM, lower soil pH compared to the control. The reclamation treatments also significantly decreased soil bulk density (BD) and soil salt content (SSC), and increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic phosphorus (OP). Our study of soil C꞉N꞉P stoichiometry revealed that newly reclaimed soils in the study area are N limited. Additionally, soil invertase (INV), urease (URE) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity under different reclamation treatments were significantly enhanced compared with CK in surface soil, while soil catalase (CAT) activity was observed to be much higher in BM + OM than in other treatments. Mean oat yields for each of the treatments were ranked as follows: BM + OM > SM + OM > PAM + OM > BS + OM > OM > CK treatment. Our results also indicate that TN (12.1% and 12.4%) was the main factor affecting URE and ALP, whereas BD (13.5%) and pH (8.5) were key factors affecting INV and CAT activity, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xie
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijie Pu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Michael Meadows
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Licai Sun
- East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau for Non-ferrous Metals, Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinguo Bu
- Jiangsu Province Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Davies CM, Wang H. Contrasting stoichiometric dynamics in terrestrial and aquatic grazer-producer systems. J Biol Dyn 2021; 15:S3-S34. [PMID: 32459147 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2020.1771442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The turnover rate of producer biomass in aquatic ecosystems is generally faster than in terrestrial. That is, aquatic producer biomass grows, is consumed, and is replaced considerably faster than terrestrial. The WKL model describes the flow of phosphorus and carbon through a grazer-producer system, hence varying the model parameters allows for analysis of different ecosystems of this type. Here we explore the impacts of the intrinsic growth rate of the producer and the maximal ingestion rate of the grazer on these dynamics because these parameters determine turnover rate. Simulations show that for low intrinsic growth rate and maximal ingestion rate, the grazer goes extinct; for higher values of these parameters, coexistence occurs in oscillations. Sensitivity analysis reveals the relative importance of all parameters on asymptotic dynamics. Lastly, the impacts of changing these two parameters in the LKE model appears to be quantitatively similar to the impacts in the WKL model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Davies
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lehenberger M, Foh N, Göttlein A, Six D, Biedermann PHW. Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664542. [PMID: 33981292 PMCID: PMC8107399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-farming within galleries in the xylem of trees has evolved independently in at least twelve lineages of weevils (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) and one lineage of ship-timber beetles (Lymexylidae). Jointly these are termed ambrosia beetles because they actively cultivate nutritional “ambrosia fungi” as their main source of food. The beetles are obligately dependent on their ambrosia fungi as they provide them a broad range of essential nutrients ensuring their survival in an extremely nutrient-poor environment. While xylem is rich in carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), various elements essential for fungal and beetle growth, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are extremely low in concentration. Currently it remains untested how both ambrosia beetles and their fungi meet their nutritional requirements in this habitat. Here, we aimed to determine for the first time if galleries of ambrosia beetles are generally enriched with elements that are rare in uncolonized xylem tissue and whether these nutrients are translocated to the galleries from the xylem by the fungal associates. To do so, we examined natural galleries of three ambrosia beetle species from three independently evolved farming lineages, Xyleborinus saxesenii (Scolytinae: Xyleborini), Trypodendron lineatum (Scolytinae: Xyloterini) and Elateroides dermestoides (Lymexylidae), that cultivate unrelated ambrosia fungi in the ascomycete orders Ophiostomatales, Microascales, and Saccharomycetales, respectively. Several elements, in particular Ca, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, and S, were present in high concentrations within the beetles’ galleries but available in only very low concentrations in the surrounding xylem. The concentration of elements was generally highest with X. saxesenii, followed by T. lineatum and E. dermestoides, which positively correlates with the degree of sociality and productivity of brood per gallery. We propose that the ambrosia fungal mutualists are translocating essential elements through their hyphae from the xylem to fruiting structures they form on gallery walls. Moreover, the extremely strong enrichment observed suggests recycling of these elements from the feces of the insects, where bacteria and yeasts might play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lehenberger
- Research Group Insect-Fungus Symbiosis, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nina Foh
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Max Schaldach Endowed Professorship for Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Göttlein
- Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Peter H W Biedermann
- Research Group Insect-Fungus Symbiosis, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Osburn FS, Wagner ND, Scott JT. Biological stoichiometry and growth dynamics of a diazotrophic cyanobacteria in nitrogen sufficient and deficient conditions. Harmful Algae 2021; 103:102011. [PMID: 33980450 PMCID: PMC8119935 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitrogen (N) fixation in determining the frequency, magnitude, and extent of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has not been well studied. Dolichospermum is a common HAB species that is diazotrophic (capable of N fixation) and thus growth is often considered never to be limited by low combined N sources. However, N fixation is energetically expensive and its cost during bloom formation has not been quantified. Additionally, it is unknown how acclimation to differing nutrient ratios affects growth and cellular carbon (C):N stoichiometry. Here, we test the hypotheses that diazotrophic cyanobacteria are homeostatic for N because of their ability to fix atmospheric N2 and that previous acclimation to low N environments will result in more fixed N and lower C:N stoichiometry. Briefly, cultures that varied in resource N:phosphorus (P) ranging from 0.01 to 100 (atom), were seeded with Dolichospermum which were previously acclimated to low and high N:P conditions and then sampled temporally for growth and C:N stoichiometry. We found that Dolichospermum was not homeostatic for N and displayed classic signs of N limitation and elevated C:N stoichiometry, highlighting the necessary growth trade-off within cells when expending energy to fix N. Acclimation to N limited conditions caused differences in both C:N and fixed N at various time points in the experiment. These results highlight the importance of environmentally available N to a diazotrophic bloom, as well as how previous growth conditions can influence population growth during blooms experiencing variable N:P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S Osburn
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97388, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97178, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97178, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97388, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97178, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li S, Huang Y, Li Y. Homeostatic responses and growth of Leymus chinensis under incrementally increasing saline-alkali stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10768. [PMID: 33717669 PMCID: PMC7931712 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable tolerance to salt and alkali stress, Leymus chinensis populations on the southwestern Songnen Plain in northern China are threatened by increasing soil salinity and alkalinity. To explore the species' responses to saline-alkali stress, we grew it in substrates with varying concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) while applying varying levels of saline-alkali stress (increasing in 14-, 17- or 23 -day intervals). We measured the plants' contents of N and P, and the N:P ratio, and calculated their homeostasis indices (HN , HP and HN:P ) under each nutrient and saline-alkali stress treatment. The N content was found to be more sensitive to saline-alkali stress than the P content. The N and P contents were highest and the N:P ratio was stable at pH 8.4. At both pH 8.1 and 8.4, H N:P> H N > H P, but the indices and their relations differed at other pH values. Exposure to saline-alkali stress for the 14-day incremental interval had weaker effects on the plants. Rapid changes in salinity-alkalinity weakened both the positive effects of the weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7.5-8.4) and the negative effects of more strongly alkaline conditions (pH 8.7 or 9.3) on L. chinensis. When L. chinensis plants lack N, applying N fertilizer will be extremely efficient. The optimal concentrations of N and P appeared to be 16 and 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. When the L. chinensis plants were N- and P-limited, the specific growth rate correlated positively with N:P, when limited by N it correlated positively with the environmental N concentration, and when limited by P it was weakly positively correlated with the environmental P concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, China
| | - Yujin Huang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefen Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tian Y, Qiao D, Xu S, Wang N. Effects of tree species and topography on soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry in Funiu Mountain, China. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:67. [PMID: 33298033 PMCID: PMC7726870 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry plays an important role in understanding nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, studies on soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry in forests are rare. This study investigated the effect of tree species and topographic factors on the ecological stoichiometry of soil and soil microbial biomass. METHODS Three types of forest stands (Quercus variabilis, Larix principis-ruprechtii, and Cotinus coggygria Scop.) in the Beiru River basin of Funiu Mountain were analyzed in September 2018. Six slope positions (sunny bottom slope, sunny middle slope, sunny top slope, shady bottom slope, shady middle slope, and shady top slope) were selected, and the total number of sampling plots was 108. The stoichiometric indices of soil and microbial biomass were determined. RESULTS At a depth of 0-10 cm, the soil organic C contents in different stands followed the order of C. coggygria (27.7 ± 5.2 g/kg) > Q. variabilis (24.5 ± 4.9 g/kg) > L. principis-ruprechtii (20.8 ± 4.3 g/kg) (P < 0.05). The soil organic C contents at depths of 0-10 cm with different slope aspects and at different slope positions also showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The highest MBC content was observed at the slope bottom (1002 ± 157 mg/kg), whereas the lowest was observed at the slope top (641 ± 98.3 mg/kg). Redundancy analysis showed that the contribution of tree species to these differences was 57.1%, whereas that of topographical factors was 36.2%. CONCLUSIONS Tree species more significantly affected soil nutrients and microbial biomass C, N and P than did topographic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Tian
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Dong Qiao
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wenting E, Siepel H, Jansen PA. Stoichiometric variation within and between a terrestrial herbivorous and a semi-aquatic carnivorous mammal. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126622. [PMID: 32693327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elemental composition of the mammalian body is widely believed to be more or less constant within and among species, yet reliable comparisons of elemental content are lacking. Here, we examine the elemental composition of two mammal species with different diet and provenance: terrestrial herbivorous Fallow deer (Dama dama) - collected from a single area - and semi-aquatic carnivorous Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) - collected from different areas. METHODS We compared twelve elemental contents for twelve different body tissues and organs, for four tissue samples per species. Homogeneous samples were tested for twelve elemental contents using ICP-OES. RESULTS We found evidence for differences in elemental composition between species, between tissues, and between individuals. Herbivorous Fallow deer seemed more variable in its elemental composition compared to carnivorous Eurasian otter. The absolute concentration of some elements, e.g. Mn and Cu, showed differences between the species as well. CONCLUSION Since we found stoichiometric variation among the species, these findings question the widely held assumption that mammals are under relative tight stoichiometrically homeostatic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Dept. Animal Ecology and Physiology, Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Dept. Animal Ecology and Physiology, Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Calero Hurtado A, Chiconato DA, Prado RDM, Sousa Junior GDS, Olivera Viciedo D, Piccolo MDC. Silicon application induces changes C:N:P stoichiometry and enhances stoichiometric homeostasis of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3711-3719. [PMID: 33304182 PMCID: PMC7714968 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on growth have been observed in some plant species, reportedly due to stoichiometric changes of C, N, and P. However, little is known about the effects on the stoichiometric relationships between C, N, and P when silicon is supplied via different modes in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress conditions. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate the impact of differing modes of Si supply on shoot biomass production and C:N:P stoichiometry in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Two experiments were performed in a glass greenhouse using the strong Si-accumulator plant sorghum, as well as the intermediate type Si-accumulator sunflower, both of which were grown in pots filled with washed sand. Plant species were cultivated for 30 days in the absence or presence of salt stress (0 or 100 mM) and supplemented with one of four Si treatments: control plants (without Si), 28.6 mmol Si L-1 via foliar application, 2.0 mmol Si L-1 via nutrient solution, and combined application of foliar and nutrient solution, each group with five replications. The results revealed that supplied Si modified the C, N, and P concentrations, thereby enhancing the C:N:P stoichiometry and shoot dry matter of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Both application of Si via nutrient solution, as well as combined application via foliar and nutrient solution, increased the C:N ratio in both plant species under salt stress, but in sorghum plants decreased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 39%, while in sunflower plants increased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 24%. Our findings suggest that salt stress alleviation by Si impacts C:N:P stoichiometric relationships in a variable manner depending on the ability of the species to accumulate Si, as well as the route of Si administration.
Collapse
Key Words
- Carbon
- Ecological stoichiometry
- F +Na, foliar Si treatment under NaCl stress
- F −Na, foliar Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- F, foliar application of Si
- HCl, Hydrochloric acid
- Helianthus annuus
- LDM, leaves dry matter
- Macronutrients
- Na+, sodium
- R +Na, root Si treatment under NaCl stress
- R −Na, root Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- R, root application of Si
- RF +Na, combined Si treatment under NaCl stress
- RF −Na, combined Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- RF, and combined foliar and root applications of Si
- S, Scheffe
- SDM, shoot dry matter
- SDM, stem dry matter
- Salinity
- Si × NaCl, Si–NaCl interaction
- Si, Silicon
- SiNaKE, Stabilized sodium and potassium silicate
- Sorghum bicolor
- −Si +Na, non-Si treatment under NaCl stress
- −Si −Na, non-Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- −Si, Control no added Si
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Aparecida Chiconato
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Centenário Avenue 303, cep 13400-970, Piracicaba, SãoPaulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Z, Zheng F. Ecological stoichiometry of plant leaves, litter and soils in a secondary forest on China's Loess Plateau. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10084. [PMID: 33088618 PMCID: PMC7568494 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry can reveal nutrient cycles in soil and plant ecosystems and their interactions. However, the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of leaf-litter-soil system of dominant grasses, shrubs and trees are still unclear as are their intrinsic relationship during vegetation restoration. This study selected three dominant plant types of grasses (Imperata cylindrica (I. cylindrica) and Artemisiasacrorum (A.sacrorum)), shrubs (Sophora viciifolia (S. viciifolia) and Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides)) and trees (Quercus liaotungensis (Q. liaotungensis) and Betula platyphylla (B. platyphylla)) in secondary forest areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau to investigate ecological stoichiometric characteristics and their intrinsic relationships in leaf-litter-soil systems. The results indicated that N concentration and N:P ratios in leaf and litter were highest in shrubland; leaf P concentration in grassland was highest and litter in forestland had the highest P concentration. Soil C, N and P concentrations were highest in forestland (P < 0.05) and declined with soil depth. Based on the theory that leaf N:P ratio indicates nutritional limitation of plant growth, this study concluded that grass and shrub growth was limited by N and P element, respectively, and forest growth was limited by both of N and P elements. The relationships between the N concentration in soil, leaf and litter was not significant (P >0.5), but the soil P concentration was significantly correlated with litter P concentration (P < 0.05). These finding enhance understanding of nutrient limitations in different plant communities during vegetation restoration and provide insights for better management of vegetation restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qi K, Pang X, Yang B, Bao W. Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry shifts with tree species in subalpine plantations. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9702. [PMID: 33083099 PMCID: PMC7560321 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient elements, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is crucial to guide ecological restoration of plantations in ecologically vulnerable areas, such as alpine and subalpine regions. However, there has been only a few related studies, and thus whether and how different tree species would affect soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry remains unclear. We compared soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of Pinus tabulaeformis, Larix kaempferi and Cercidiphyllum japonicum to primary shrubland in a subalpine region. We observed strong tree-specific and depth-dependent effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in subalpine plantations. In general, the C:N, C:P and N:P of topsoil (0-10 cm) are higher than subsoil (>10 cm) layer at 0-30 cm depth profiles. The differences in C:N, N:P and C:P at the topsoil across target tree species were significantly linked to standing litter stock, tree biomass/total aboveground biomass and Margalef's index of plant community, respectively, whereas the observed variations of C:N, N:P and C:P ratio among soil profiles are closely related to differences in soil bulk density, soil moisture, the quantity and quality of aboveground litter inputs as well as underground fine root across plantations examined. Our results highlight that soil nutrients in plantation depend on litter quantity and quality of selected tree species as well as soil physical attributes. Therefore, matching site with trees is crucial to enhance ecological functioning in degraded regions resulting from human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weikai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Archambeault SL, Durston DJ, Wan A, El-Sabaawi RW, Matthews B, Peichel CL. Phosphorus limitation does not drive loss of bony lateral plates in freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evolution 2020; 74:2088-2104. [PMID: 32537747 PMCID: PMC7773418 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Connecting the selective forces that drive the evolution of phenotypes to their underlying genotypes is key to understanding adaptation, but such connections are rarely tested experimentally. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are a powerful model for such tests because genotypes that underlie putatively adaptive traits have been identified. For example, a regulatory mutation in the Ectodysplasin (Eda) gene causes a reduction in the number of bony armor plates, which occurs rapidly and repeatedly when marine sticklebacks invade freshwater. However, the source of selection on plate loss in freshwater is unknown. Here, we tested whether dietary reduction of phosphorus can account for selection on plate loss due to a growth advantage of low-plated fish in freshwater. We crossed marine fish heterozygous for the 16 kilobase freshwater Eda haplotype and compared the growth of offspring with different genotypes under contrasting levels of dietary phosphorus in both saltwater and freshwater. Eda genotype was not associated with growth differences in any treatment, or with mechanisms that could mitigate the impacts of phosphorus limitation, such as differential phosphorus deposition, phosphorus excretion, or intestine length. This study highlights the importance of experimentally testing the putative selective forces acting on phenotypes and their underlying genotypes in the wild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Archambeault
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Alex Wan
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Aquafeed Research Unit (ANARU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine L. Peichel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sandhu SK, Morozov A, Juan L. Exploring the role of spatial and stoichiometric heterogeneity in the top-down control in eutrophic planktonic ecosystems. J Theor Biol 2020; 499:110311. [PMID: 32437709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of eutrophication on the dynamics of aquatic food webs, remains a long-term challenge in ecology. Mathematical models generally predict the destabilisation of such webs, under increasing eutrophication levels, with large oscillations of species densities that can result in their extinction. This is at odds with a number of ecological observations that show stable dynamics even for high nutrient loads. The apparent discrepancy between theory and observations is known as the Rosenzweig's 'paradox of enrichment' and various solutions to the problem have been proposed over the years. In this study, we explore the stabilisation of dynamics of a tri-trophic plankton model in a eutrophic environment which occurs as a result of interplay of space heterogeneity, ecological stoichiometry, and food taxis of predators. We build a variety of models of increasing complexity, to explore various scenarios of phytoplankton growth, zooplankton food-dependent vertical movement, and different stoichiometric limitations of zooplankton. We show that the synergy among the vertical gradient in phytoplankton growth, phytoplankton structuring in terms of their stoichiometric ratio, and food-dependent vertical movement of zooplankton, would result in a postponing of destabilisation of eutrophic systems as compared to a well-mixed system. Our approach reveals a high complexity of the bifurcation structure of the system when key model parameters, such as the degree of eutrophication and light shading, are varied. We find coexistence of limit cycles and stable equilibria and that the possibility of multiple attractors in the system can result in hysteresis phenomena when the nutrient load is manipulated. These results are relevant and should be taken into account in lake restoration programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Morozov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, UK; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lourdes Juan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang C, Wang W, Sardans J, Ouyang L, Tong C, Asensio D, Gargallo-Garriga A, Wiesmeier M, Peñuelas J. Higher fluxes of C, N and P in plant/soil cycles associated with plant invasion in a subtropical estuarine wetland in China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:139124. [PMID: 32388112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of plants in wetland ecosystems is often associated with changes in litter decomposition and in nutrient use, uptake and cycling between invasive and native plants. We studied litter decomposition rates, N and P release and elemental composition and stoichiometry during the invasion of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora into native Cyperus malaccensis wetlands in the Minjiang River estuary (China). Aboveground litter in mono-specific stands decomposed faster for Cyperus malaccensis than for Spartina alterniflora and for Phragmites australis. Cyperus malaccensis litter decomposed slower under the stands of both invasive species. In contrast, the litter of both invasive species decomposed faster under Cyperus malaccesis stands. We observed that the invasion of these species was associated with an increased rate of aboveground litter decomposition and large absolute amounts of C, N and P released from the litter when litter from invasive species was mixed with that of native species. Our results suggest that the large nutrient release from litter during early stages of the invasion favored invasive species with larger size and higher nutrient-uptake capacity than the native species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Linmei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin Wiesmeier
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prater C, Bumpers PM, Demi LM, Rosemond AD, Jeyasingh PD. Differential responses of macroinvertebrate ionomes across experimental N:P gradients in detritus-based headwater streams. Oecologia 2020; 193:981-93. [PMID: 32740731 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diverse global change processes are reshaping the biogeochemistry of stream ecosystems. Nutrient enrichment is a common stressor that can modify flows of biologically important elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) through stream foodwebs by altering the stoichiometric composition of stream organisms. However, enrichment effects on concentrations of other important essential and trace elements in stream taxa are less understood. We investigated shifts in macroinvertebrate ionomes in response to changes in coarse benthic organic matter (CBOM) stoichiometry following N and P enrichment of five detritus-based headwater streams. Concentrations of most elements (17/19) differed among three insect genera (Maccaffertium sp., Pycnopsyche spp., and Tallaperla spp.) prior to enrichment. Genus-specific changes in the body content of: P, magnesium, and sodium (Na) in Tallaperla; P, Na, and cadmium in Pycnopsyche; and P in Maccaffertium were also found across CBOM N:P gradients. These elements increased in Tallaperla but decreased in the other two taxa due to growth dilution at larger body sizes. Multivariate elemental differences were found across all taxa, and ionome-wide shifts with dietary N and P enrichment were also observed in Tallaperla and Pycnopsyche. Our results show that macroinvertebrates exhibit distinct differences in elemental composition beyond C, N, and P and that the ionomic composition of common stream taxa can vary with body size and N and P enrichment. Thus, bottom-up changes in N and P supplies could potentially influence the cycling of lesser studied biologically essential elements in aquatic environments by altering their relative proportions in animal tissues.
Collapse
|