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Shan CQ, Liu QC, Li J, Liu E, Li C, Yu HM, Jiang GT, Liu Y, Tian J. Expression of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) in Escherichia coli regulates the microflora structure of the duodenum to improve growth performance and intestinal morphogenesis in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:179-190. [PMID: 38372614 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
1. A study used gene synthesis to obtain the functional domains of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) and examined their impact on broiler growth performance, small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and the structure of duodenal microflora.2. The pET-32a-cEGF recombinant expression vector was constructed. The specific band at 26 KDa was shown by SDS-PAGE analysis and WB results. The purified protein content was shown to be 1687 μg/ml by assay.3. A total of 180 healthy, one-day-old Arbor Acres male, white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups (six replicate pens, 10 birds per replicate): A control diet (ND); cEGF diet (cEGF), control supplemented with 250 mg/kg cEGF and the control diet (CD) supplemented with 250 mg/kg chlortetracycline.4. The results showed that feeding the cEGF and CD diet reduced FCR of broilers aged 1-21 d, average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 22-42 d, and the FCR in the whole period (1-42 d; p < 0.05). Compared with the ND group, the cEGF diet increased duodenal α-amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the 1-21 d, duodenal lipase, alkaline phosphatase, and ileal alkaline phosphatase activities in the post-period and increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). In addition, the ACE and Chao1 index for the birds fed cEGF were higher than the ND group (p < 0.05). At the phyla level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant in all groups. At the genus level, the dominant genus was Lactobacillus. The LEfSe analysis showed that the cEGF group was enriched by 11 species including Brevibacillus, Eisenbergiella, Cloacibacterium, Butyricoccus spp.5. The addition of 250 mg/kg cEGF to the diet can increase growth performance by improving intestinal development and digestive enzyme activity, which may be related to the duodenal intestinal microflora. Therefore, cEGF is an effective alternative to antibiotics in broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Shan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Q C Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Li
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - E Liu
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Li
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H M Yu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - G T Jiang
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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2
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Cao J, Guo Y, Luo X, Ge C, Hu Z, Wu L, Lv Y, Lin G, Yu D, Liu B. Interactions between enzyme preparations and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103124. [PMID: 37922857 PMCID: PMC10651683 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to explore the interactions between enzyme preparations and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers chicks. A total of 480 one-day-old healthy male yellow-feather broilers with similar weight were randomly arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 kinds of compound trace element sources (inorganic [I] and organic [O] trace element supplemented with 80, 8, 60, 40, 0.15 mg/kg of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se, respectively) and 2 levels of enzyme preparations (0 and 200 mg/kg). The 4 groups named I, O, IE, and OE with 6 replicates and 20 birds per replicate. The trail lasted for 28 days. Results showed that the average weight (ABW), average daily gain (ADG) of broilers in IE and OE groups significantly increased while the F/G significantly decreased as compared with group I and O (P < 0.05). Enzyme preparation supplementation, regardless of the trace element sources, significantly increased the duodenal and jejunal endogenous enzyme (e.g., Try and AACT) activity, and improved the morphology and jejunal barrier function evidenced by the increased villus height and MUC-2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Sequencing data manifested that enzyme preparations favorably modulated the cecal microflora by increasing bacterial diversity and abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Anaerostipes, Anaerofusis, and Pygmaioactor), while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio). Factorial analysis indicated that there were no interactions between enzyme preparation and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chicks. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with enzyme preparations, regardless of the trace element sources, could enhance endogenous enzyme activity, improve intestinal morphology and barrier functions, and favorably modulate the cecal microflora, thereby improving the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuai Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanshan Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyue Ge
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianchi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Research Department, Alltech, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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El Sabry MI, Yalcin S. Factors influencing the development of gastrointestinal tract and nutrient transporters' function during the embryonic life of chickens-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1419-1428. [PMID: 37409520 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal morphology and regulation of nutrient transportation genes during the embryonic and early life of chicks influence their body weight and feed conversion ratio through the growing period. The intestine development can be monitored by measuring villus morphology and enzymatic activity and determining the expression of nutrient transporters genes. With the increasing importance of gut development and health in broiler production, considerable research has been directed towards factors affecting intestine development. Thus, this article reviews (1) intestinal development during embryogenesis, and (2) maternal factors, in ovo administration, and incubation conditions that influence intestinal development during embryogenesis. Conclusively, (1) chicks from heavier eggs may have a better-developed intestine than chicks from younger ones, (2) in ovo supplementation with amino acids, minerals, vitamins or a combination of several probiotics and prebiotics stimulates intestine development and increases the expression of intestine mucosal-related genes and (3) the long storage period, improper incubation temperature and imbalanced ventilation can negatively influence intestinal morphology and nutrient transporters gene expression. Finally, understanding the intestine development during embryonic life will enable us to enhance the productivity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Sabry
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Servet Yalcin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhang W, Jiang A, Yu H, Dong B. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Functionally Segmented Intestine in Tunicate Ascidian. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6270. [PMID: 37047242 PMCID: PMC10094616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate intestinal system consists of separate segments that remarkably differ in morphology and function. However, the origin of intestinal segmentation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the segmentation of the intestine in a tunicate ascidian species, Ciona savignyi, by performing RNA sequencing. The gene expression profiles showed that the whole intestine was separated into three segments. Digestion, ion transport and signal transduction, and immune-related pathway genes were enriched in the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the intestine, respectively, implying that digestion, absorption, and immune function appear to be regional specializations in the ascidian intestine. We further performed a multi-species comparison analysis and found that the Ciona intestine showed a similar gene expression pattern to vertebrates, indicating tunicates and vertebrates might share the conserved intestinal functions. Intriguingly, vertebrate pancreatic homologous genes were expressed in the digestive segment of the Ciona intestine, suggesting that the proximal intestine might play the part of pancreatic functions in C. savignyi. Our results demonstrate that the tunicate intestine can be functionally separated into three distinct segments, which are comparable to the corresponding regions of the vertebrate intestinal system, offering insights into the functional evolution of the digestive system in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - An Jiang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Zhao Q, Huang M, Yin J, Wan Y, Liu Y, Duan R, Luo Y, Xu X, Cao X, Yi M. Atrazine exposure and recovery alter the intestinal structure, bacterial composition and intestinal metabolites of male Pelophylax nigromaculatus. Sci Total Environ 2022; 818:151701. [PMID: 34798088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pesticide atrazine poses a potential threat to the health of frogs living in farmland areas. The exposure concentration in traditional pesticide experiments is usually constant, while pesticide pollution in actual water may fluctuate due to periodic or seasonal application. We examined the effects of different concentrations of atrazine (50, 100 and 500 μg/L) over a 14-day exposure and a 7-day recovery on intestinal histology, bacterial composition and intestinal metabolites of male Pelophylax nigromaculatus. HE staining revealed that after a 14-day atrazine exposure, the 100 μg/L and 500 μg/L groups showed obvious cysts and significantly decreased intestinal crypt depth and villus height. After a 7-day recovery, the damaged intestine in the 100 μg/L group was partially recovered, while in the 500 μg/L exposure group there was no improvement. 16S rRNA gene analysis of intestinal bacteria showed that 500 μg/L atrazine exposure significantly caused a persistent decrease in bacterial α diversity. Compared to the control and other atrazine exposure groups, the 500 μg/L group showed significant changes in the relative abundance of predominant bacteria. In addition, most dominant bacteria in the 500 μg/L recovery group showed significant differences with the 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L recovery groups. Nontargeted metabolomics profiling based on UPLC/MS analysis showed that atrazine exposure and recovery induced changes in the intestinal metabolic profile. The changes in metabolites were mainly related to purine/pyrimidine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. In general, these pathways were closely related to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. These results suggest that the short-term exposure to 500 μg/L atrazine causes persistent harm to intestinal health. This study is an important step toward a better understanding of the toxic effects of atrazine exposure and recovery in frog intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiawei Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuyue Wan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Minghui Yi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
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Liao G, Wu Q, Mo B, Zhou J, Li J, Zou J, Fan L. Intestinal morphology and microflora to Vibrio alginolyticus in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:437-445. [PMID: 35065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the shrimp farming industry encountered significant economic losses induced by Vibrio alginolyticus. In this study, the influence of Vibrio alginolyticus on intestinal histomorphology and microbiome composition in Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. The results showed that the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of Vibrio group (VA group) injected only with Vibrio alginolyticus showed large area exfoliation at 12 h, and the tissue morphology of intestine recovered at 48 h. Compared with the control group (CK group), the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly lower after infection with Vibrio alginolyticus. The abundance of Shewanella in intestinal microbiome of Litopenaeus vannamei was significantly higher at 12 h (P < 0.05), but the abundance of Candidatus_Bacilloplasma was significantly lower at 48 h after infection (P < 0.05). In VA group, the diversity of intestinal microbiome was significantly lower at 12 h, which could be caused by the proliferation of Candidatus_Bacilloplasma and Shewanella. All above findings suggested that the stability of the dynamic balance of microbiome in the intestine helped Litopenaeus vannamei to resist pathogen colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binhua Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Bieber JM, Sanman LE, Sun X, Hammerlindl H, Bao F, Roth MA, Koleske ML, Huang L, Aweeka F, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ. Differential toxicity to murine small and large intestinal epithelium induced by oncology drugs. Commun Biol 2022; 5:99. [PMID: 35087225 PMCID: PMC8795448 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal toxicity is a major concern in the development of drugs. Here, we establish the ability to use murine small and large intestine-derived monolayers to screen drugs for toxicity. As a proof-of-concept, we applied this system to assess gastrointestinal toxicity of ~50 clinically used oncology drugs, encompassing diverse mechanisms of action. Nearly all tested drugs had a deleterious effect on the gut, with increased sensitivity in the small intestine. The identification of differential toxicity between the small and large intestine enabled us to pinpoint differences in drug uptake (antifolates), drug metabolism (cyclophosphamide) and cell signaling (EGFR inhibitors) across the gut. These results highlight an under-appreciated distinction between small and large intestine toxicity and suggest distinct tissue properties important for modulating drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. The ability to accurately predict where and how drugs affect the murine gut will accelerate preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Bieber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Laura E Sanman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Heinz Hammerlindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Feng Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Maike A Roth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Liusheng Huang
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Fran Aweeka
- Drug Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lani F Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Steven J Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Ismail T, Hegazi E, Nassef E, Shehab El-Din MT, Dawood MAO, Abdo SE, Gewaily MS. Gut immune-related gene expression, histomorphometry and hematoimmunological assays in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Aspergillus oryzae fermented olive cake. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 117:299-310. [PMID: 34274421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation strategy is well documented to improve the nutritional value of agricultural waste by-products such olive cake (OC), which, in turn, provides healthy, safe, and affordable feedstuff. This study assessed the combined impact of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented OC (AFOC) on the growth performance, intestinal morphometry, blood biochemistry, lysozyme activity, gut immune-related genes, and flesh quality of Nile tilapia. We divided 225 fish into five groups and further subdivided into three replicates (n = 15 each) and fed them five diets (Control, AFOC5, AFOC10, AFOC15, AFOC20) to determine AFOC nutritional value and its optimized incorporation level in the diet. The trial continued for 3 months. The crude protein content of OC improved by 7.77% after A. oryzae fermentation, while lipid content decreased by 14.19%. In addition, growth and feed utilization significantly improved at (10.8-11.2) % AFOC dietary level. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly improved, and the serum lysozyme level was significantly higher in the AFOC10 group compared to other groups. Interestingly, gut-related inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) revealed higher relative mRNA expression in the AFOC10 group compared to other groups. The histomorphometric parameters was greatly influenced by the AFOC incorporation level (10%-20%). These findings suggested that A. orzae fermentation modifies the nutritional quality of OC, as seen through its positive impact on the growth performance, local and systemic immunity, and intestinal absorptive capacity of Nile tilapia. The recommended dose for dietary AFOC was around 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed Hegazi
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Eldsokey Nassef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Shehab El-Din
- Department of Fish Health, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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9
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Hendam BM, Nofal MI, El-Son MAM. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves growth, intestinal histomorphometry, immunity, antioxidant status and modulates transcription of cytokine genes in hapa-reared Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 117:339-349. [PMID: 34153429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the impacts of dietary supplementation with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBL) on the growth, intestinal histomorphometry, immunity, antioxidant status, and expression of cytokine genes in Nile tilapia reared in the hapas. A control diet was enriched with different GBL levels (0.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 g/kg) to form 4 experimental diets and were fed to Nile tilapia for 8 weeks. The findings illustrated that dietary GBL significantly enhanced the growth and feed utilization indices compared to those reared in the control group. A dose-dependent increase of hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities alongside a decline of hepatic malondialdehyde levels were recorded in GBL groups compared with the control. Serum lysozyme activity, complement C3, and immunoglobulin M levels were significantly increased in GBL groups compared with the control group. Moreover, dietary GBL maintained the normal intestinal and hepatopancreatic histological structures with a significant increase of some histomorphometric measurements of proximal, middle, and distal intestinal parts of the treated fish. Interestingly, dietary GBL supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) genes in the splenic tissues of treated fish over the control group. To conclude, it could be recommended to use GBL as a functional phytogenic feed additive to improve the growth, hepatic and intestinal health status, hepatic antioxidant status, and immunity of treated Nile tilapia. Besides, the second order polynomial regression revealed that 7.50 g GBL/kg diet is the optimal inclusion level to improve growth with no negative impacts on the overall health condition of treated Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Nofal
- Manzala Fish Farm, General Authority of Fish Resources Development (GAFRD), Manzala, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Mai A M El-Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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10
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Dawood MAO, Ali MF, Amer AA, Gewaily MS, Mahmoud MM, Alkafafy M, Assar DH, Soliman AA, Van Doan H. The influence of coconut oil on the growth, immune, and antioxidative responses and the intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry features of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:869-880. [PMID: 33770301 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The trials of finding non-conventional and alternative aquafeed ingredients are increasing. In this sense, this study evaluated the influence of coconut oil on the growth, feed utilization, immune, and antioxidative responses of Nile tilapia. Five test diets were formulated by mixing coconut oil with the other ingredients at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total ration and presented for tilapia for 60 successive days. The final weight, SGR, weight gain (WG), and feed intake were superior in fish delivered 2% of coconut oil (P < 0.05). Concurrently, fish that received 2% coconut oil had lower FCR and higher PER than fish of the control and 4% groups (P < 0.05). Higher lipase activity was observed in fish of 2% and 3% levels than the remaining groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the amylase and protease activities of fish in 1%, 2%, and 3% groups were higher than the 0% level (P < 0.05). The total blood cholesterol, RBCs, and PCV showed higher values in Nile tilapia fed 2% and 3% coconut oil (P < 0.05). The lysozyme and phagocytic activities were higher in fish fed 2% and 3% levels than the control (P < 0.05), while the phagocytic index in 2% and 3% levels was higher than 0% and 4% levels. Furthermore, SOD and CAT were higher in fish fed 1%, 2%, and 3% than fish fed 0% and 4% levels while GSH was higher in fish of 1%, 2%, and 3% than fish fed 0% level (P < 0.05). However, the MDA level was markedly lower in fish fed 25, 3%, and 4% coconut oil than the 0% level (P < 0.05). The intestine's histological structure in all groups appeared normal, forming of intestinal villi projecting from the intestinal wall. Also, the structure of the hepatopancreas had a normal architecture in all groups. To sum up, the inclusion of coconut oil at 2 to 3% is recommended as a replacer for fish oil in Nile tilapia diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Ali
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mona M Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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11
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Hoppe MI, Meloro C, Edwards MS, Codron D, Clauss M, Duque-Correa MJ. Less need for differentiation? Intestinal length of reptiles as compared to mammals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253182. [PMID: 34214090 PMCID: PMC8253402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although relationships between intestinal morphology between trophic groups in reptiles are widely assumed and represent a cornerstone of ecomorphological narratives, few comparative approaches actually tested this hypothesis on a larger scale. We collected data on lengths of intestinal sections of 205 reptile species for which either body mass (BM), snout-vent-length (SVL) or carapax length (CL) was recorded, transforming SVL or CL into BM if the latter was not given, and analyzed scaling patterns with BM and SVL, accounting for phylogeny, comparing three trophic guilds (faunivores, omnivores, herbivores), and comparing with a mammal dataset. Length-BM relationships in reptiles were stronger for the small than the large intestine, suggesting that for the latter, additional factors might be relevant. Adding trophic level did not consistently improve model fit; only when controlling for phylogeny, models indicated a longer large intestine in herbivores, due to a corresponding pattern in lizards. Trophic level effects were highly susceptible to sample sizes, and not considered strong. Models that linked BM to intestine length had better support than models using SVL, due to the deviating body shape of snakes. At comparable BM, reptiles had shorter intestines than mammals. While the latter finding corresponds to findings of lower tissue masses for the digestive tract and other organs in reptiles as well as our understanding of differences in energetic requirements between the classes, they raise the hitherto unanswered question what it is that reptiles of similar BM have more than mammals. A lesser effect of trophic level on intestine lengths in reptiles compared to mammals may stem from lesser selective pressures on differentiation between trophic guilds, related to the generally lower food intake and different movement patterns of reptiles, which may not similarly escalate evolutionary arms races tuned to optimal agility as between mammalian predators and prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika I. Hoppe
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Edwards
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - María J. Duque-Correa
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Oliveira KRB, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Marconi JN, Paulino RR, Diógenes AF, Viegas EMM. Maize distillers dried grains with solubles alter dietary digestibility and improve intestine health of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus juveniles. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1331-1343. [PMID: 32943117 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of soyabean meal replacement by maize distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for pacu juveniles. Five diets were formulated with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g of DDGS/kg diet replacing up to total dietary soyabean meal. In trial 1, the experimental diets were fed to five groups of fish to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC). In trial 2, four groups of fish were fed each experimental diet for 100 d to evaluate the effects of these diets on digestive enzyme activity, intestine oxidative stress and intestine morphology. The ADC of DM and energy was reduced with dietary DDGS inclusion, while the ADC of lipids was increased, and no differences were observed for the ADC of protein. Independent of dietary treatment, pH increased from anterior to the distal intestine with dietary DDGS inclusion. Digestive enzyme activities were higher on anterior than the distal intestine. Dietary DDGS decreased lipase, amylase, chymotrypsin and trypsin activities, while no differences were observed for total protease activity. Intestine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was reduced in fish fed the DDGS diets, while catalase activity increased. Lipid peroxidation was lower in fish fed DDGS diets than the control. Intestine histomorphology improved with dietary DDGS inclusion. Overall, the negative effects of soyabean meal could be decreased by dietary replacement with maize DDGS which may have a prebiotic effect, improving intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Peres
- Department of Biology, CIIMAR and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Department of Biology, CIIMAR and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nize Marconi
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo13635-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Rosa Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais37200-000, Brazil
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Park S, Yuan H, Zhang T, Wu X, Huang SK, Cho SM. Long-term silk peptide intake promotes skeletal muscle mass, reduces inflammation, and modulates gut microbiota in middle-aged female rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111415. [PMID: 33761619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging alters body composition to induce sarcopenia, particularly in women, but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that silk peptide(SP) intake could prevent an age-related decrease in muscle mass and strength in middle-aged female rats and explored the action mechanism. After the acute intake of SP and defatted soybean peptides, serum concentrations of amino acids were measured in ten middle-aged rats in each group. Forty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks including 0.5 g casein/kg body weight(BW)/day(Aged), 0.15 g SP plus 0.35 g casein/kg BW/day(Low-SP), 0.5 g SP/kg BW/day(High-SP), or 40 mg metformin plus 0.5 g casein/kg BW/day(Metformin). Ten rats aged 7-week old(Young) had the same treatment as the Aged-group. The body composition, grip strength, glucose metabolism, intestinal tissue morphology, and gut microbiota were also determined. After an acute consumption, total amino acids were more quickly absorbed and maintained at higher levels in SP than soybean peptides. Lean body mass(LBM) and grip strength were lower in the Aged-group than the Young and Low-SP groups, and the High-SP regimen increased these parameters as much as the Young-group. Serum concentrations and mRNA expression of TNF-α in the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles were higher in the Aged-group than the Young-group, whereas SP intake reduced their serum levels and skeletal muscles. Glucose and insulin tolerance indicated that insulin resistance was elevated in the Aged-group compared to the Young-group, while Low-SP and High-SP alleviated them as much as the Young-group. High-SP increased serum propionate and butyrate concentrations compared to the Aged-group. SP intake increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella and decreased Blautia and Clostridium in the feces. In conclusion, SP intake protects against a decrease in lean body mass and grip strength in middle-aged female rats. The protection was partly related to maintaining higher serum concentrations of total amino acids after SP consumption and decreasing inflammation and insulin resistance through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Shao Kai Huang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mee Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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14
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Purushothaman K, Tan JKH, Lau D, Saju JM, Thevasagayam NM, Wee CL, Vij S. Feed Restriction Modulates Growth, Gut Morphology and Gene Expression in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041814. [PMID: 33670431 PMCID: PMC7917766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in daily caloric or nutrient intake has been observed to promote health benefits in mammals and other vertebrates. Feed Restriction (FR), whereby the overall food intake of the organism is reduced, has been explored as a method to improve metabolic and immune health, as well as to optimize productivity in farming. However, less is known regarding the molecular and physiological consequences of FR. Using the model organism, Danio rerio, we investigated the impact of a short-term (month-long) FR on growth, gut morphology and gene expression. Our data suggest that FR has minimal effects on the average growth rates, but it may affect weight and size heterogeneity in a sex-dependent manner. In the gut, we observed a significant reduction in gut circumference and generally lower mucosal heights, whereas other parameters remained unchanged. Gene Ontology (GO), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified numerous metabolic, reproductive, and immune response pathways that were affected by FR. These results broaden our understanding of FR and contribute towards growing knowledge of its effects on vertebrate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jerryl Kim Han Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Doreen Lau
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jolly M. Saju
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Natascha M. Thevasagayam
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
| | - Shubha Vij
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
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15
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Amer SA, Mohamed WAM, Gharib HSA, Al-Gabri NA, Gouda A, Elabbasy MT, Abd El-Rahman GI, Omar AE. Changes in the growth, ileal digestibility, intestinal histology, behavior, fatty acid composition of the breast muscles, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by dietary inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 33541348 PMCID: PMC7863266 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of safflower oil and vitamin C (Vit. C) inclusion in broiler chicken diets on the growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient "AID%" of amino acids, intestinal histology, behavior, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, antioxidant and immune status for a 35-day feeding period were evaluated. A total of 300 three-day-old Ross chicks (58.25 g ± 0.19) were randomly allotted in a 2 × 3 factorial design consisting of two levels of vitamin C (0 and 400 mg/kg diet) and three levels of safflower oil (0, 5, and 10 g/kg diet). RESULTS An increase in the final body weight, total body weight gain, total feed intake, and the relative growth rate (P < 0.05) were reported by safflower oil and vitamin C inclusion. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the ingestive, resting, and feather preening behavior. Vitamin C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, and valine. Safflower inclusion (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of methionine and isoleucine. Safflower oil inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the levels of stearic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) in the breast muscle. In contrast, the supplementation of only 10 g of safflower oil/kg diet increased (P = 0.01) the omega-3/omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) fatty acids ratio. Vit. C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the CAT serum levels, SOD, and GSH enzymes. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C improved the intestinal histology. They increased the villous height and width, crypt depth, villous height/crypt depth ratio, mucosal thickness, goblet cell count, and intra-epithelium lymphocytic lick cell infiltrations. The serum levels of IgA and complement C3 were increased (P < 0.01) by Vit. C supplementation and prominent in the 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil group. CONCLUSION A dietary combination of safflower oil and vitamin C resulted in improved growth rate, amino acids AID%, intestinal histology, welfare, immune and antioxidant status of birds, and obtaining ω-3 and linoleic acid-enriched breast muscles. The best inclusion level was 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A M Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Naif A Al-Gabri
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dahamar, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Center (CMDPT) Hail University, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Anaam E Omar
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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16
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Ranjan A, Kumar S, Sahu NP, Jain KK, Deo AD. Exogenous phytase and xylanase supplementation of formulated diets for rohu (Labeo rohita): impact on haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:49-58. [PMID: 33099718 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to delineate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation of fermented or non-fermented de-oiled rice bran (DORB) on haematology, histology and expression of IGF I gene expression of Labeo rohita. Four test diets, namely, T1 (DORB), T2 (fermented DORB), T3 (DORB+exogenous enzyme) and T4 (fermented DORB+exogenous enzyme) were formulated and fed to the L. rohita for a period of 60 days. The test diets T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.1 g kg-1 xylanase (16,000 U kg-1) and 0.1 g kg-1 phytase (500 U kg-1) enzymes. A total of 120 juveniles of L. rohita (average weight 5.01 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in 12 rectangular tanks with 10 fish per tank in triplicates. At the end of the experiment, haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression of the different groups were analysed. The haemoglobin (Hb) content, RBC count and WBC count of L. rohita varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different groups. T3 diet-fed group had the highest Hb content, RBC count and WBC count as compared to the other groups. The MCV content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in T3 group. The DORB type, exogenous enzyme supplementation and their interaction have no significant (p > 0.05) effect on MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte content of the cultured fish. The group which were fed T3 diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher IGF-I gene expression as compared to other groups. The histological examination of liver revealed no pathological alteration of this organ. Similarly, there were no pathological changes observed in intestinal tissue in any dietary treatment group. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that exogenous enzyme supplementation of DORB-based diets improves the physiological status and growth performances of Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India.
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kamal Kant Jain
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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17
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Liao L, Li J, Li J, Huang Y, Wu Y. Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:64-72. [PMID: 33357708 PMCID: PMC7772699 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) infection induces serious immunosuppression and intestinal injury in Muscovy ducklings with a high morbidity and mortality, and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) pretreatment could efficiently protect ducklings from MDRV infection, although the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of APS on the intestinal mucosal immunity in MDRV-infected Muscovy ducklings. A total of 190 1-day-old healthy Muscovy ducklings were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 50): normal control group, APS pretreatment for MDRV-infected group, and cohabitation infection group, then pretreated with 0.6 g/L APS or only drinking water followed by MDRV cohabitation infection with the remaining 40 artificially infected ducklings, respectively. At the 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 15 d after cohabitation infection, the intestinal samples were prepared to measure intestinal parameters including villus length, villus length/crypt depth (V/C) ratio, and wall thickness, together with counts of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and goblet cell (GC) by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Meanwhile, ileal secretory IgA (sIgA) and duodenal cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon gamma were detected by the ELISA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The results showed that APS significantly improved intestinal injuries of villi length, V/C ratio, and wall thickness of the small intestine infected with MDRV, effectively inhibited the reduction of IEL and GC caused by MDRV infection, subsequently increased sIgA and all the cytokine secretions at most time points, suggesting that APS pretreatment can effectively stimulate mucosal immune function by improving intestinal morphology and repair MDRV caused injures of small intestinal mucosal immune barrier in infected ducklings. Our findings lay the foundation for further application of APS in prevention and treatment of MDRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyan Liao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Wu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Bjørgen H, Li Y, Kortner TM, Krogdahl Å, Koppang EO. Anatomy, immunology, digestive physiology and microbiota of the salmonid intestine: Knowns and unknowns under the impact of an expanding industrialized production. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:172-186. [PMID: 32979510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased industrialized production of salmonids challenges aspects concerning available feed resources and animal welfare. The immune system plays a key component in this respect. Novel feed ingredients may trigger unwarranted immune responses again affecting the well-being of the fish. Here we review our current knowledge concerning salmon intestinal anatomy, immunity, digestive physiology and microbiota in the context of industrialized feeding regimes. We point out knowledge gaps and indicate promising novel technologies to improve salmonid intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanxian Li
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Javanmardi S, Rezaei Tavabe K, Rosentrater KA, Solgi M, Bahadori R. Effects of different levels of vitamin B 6 in tank water on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, intestine and liver histology, and intestinal enzyme activity. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1909-1920. [PMID: 32592129 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the importance of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) as a water-soluble vitamin on the physiological conditions of aquatic animals, the present study aimed to investigate effects of different concentrations of this vitamin in recycle system culture water on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Treatments including 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1 vitamin B6 were adjusted in triplicate recirculating systems. Each of the experimental tanks (100 L) was stocked 15 fingerling Nile tilapia during 60-day experimental period. According to the findings, weight gain in treatments of 30 and 40 mg L-1 pyridoxine was significantly higher than the other treatments while blood cortisol hormone in the treatment of 40 mg L-1 was significantly highest among the treatments. In addition, mid-intestine trypsin activity in the treatment of 40 mg L-1 was significantly higher than the other treatments. The histological analysis of the intestine showed that the number of mucus-secreting cells significantly decreased in treatments of 30 and 40 mg L-1. Our findings here suggest that pyridoxine can possibly be absorbed by the Nile tilapia's body through culture water and it seems 20-30 mg L-1 pyridoxine in the culture water is the optimal concentration for the Nile tilapia juveniles in recycle system culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Javanmardi
- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kamran Rezaei Tavabe
- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kurt A Rosentrater
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 3327 Elings Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-3270, USA
| | - Masoomeh Solgi
- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rana Bahadori
- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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20
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Zahran E, El Sebaei MG, Awadin W, Elbahnaswy S, Risha E, Elseady Y. Withania somnifera dietary supplementation improves lipid profile, intestinal histomorphology in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and modulates cytokines response to Streptococcus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:133-141. [PMID: 32738514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite Withania somnifera (WS), stimulating effects have been investigated on many animal species, its role on lipid profile and intestinal histomorphology in healthy animals, and its modulating role on pro-inflammatory cytokines following infection in fish are yet scarce. In this context, lipid profile, liver, and intestinal histomorphology were measured in Nile tilapia fed with a basal diet or diets containing 2.5 and 5% of supplementary WS for 60 days. Besides, cytokines response was measured at 1, 3,7, and 14 days following Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) infection after the feeding trial. All lipid profile parameters were nominally lowered, excluding high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that exhibited a significant increase in WS 5% group compared to other groups. Improved gut health integrity was observed, especially in WS 5% group in terms of increased goblet cell numbers, villous height, the width of lamina propria in all parts of the intestine, and a decrease in the diameter of the intestinal lumen of the distal intestine only. A significant down-regulation in the mRNA transcript level of cytokine genes (interleukin 1β/IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α/TNFα, and interleukin 6/IL-6) was demonstrated in the kidney and spleen of WS-supplemented groups following S. iniae infection compared with the control infected (positive control/PC) group. Our findings give new insights for the potential roles of WS dietary inclusion not only on lipid profile and intestinal health integrity improvement in healthy fish under normal rearing but also as a prophylactic against the infection. Thus, WS can be incorporated as a promising nutraceutical in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud G El Sebaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Walaa Awadin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Engy Risha
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Youssef Elseady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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21
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Lu P, Choi J, Yang C, Mogire M, Liu S, Lahaye L, Adewole D, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Yang C. Effects of antibiotic growth promoter and dietary protease on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, meat quality, and intestinal gene expression in broiler chickens: a comparison. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa254. [PMID: 32776130 PMCID: PMC7470467 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a dietary protease on growth performance, digestive function, intestinal morphology, and meat quality as compared with feeding diets with or without an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). A total of 240 1-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500, 48.3 ± 3.3 g) were distributed to three treatments with eight replicates (10 birds per replicate). Three treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal basal diets (CTRL), 2) basal diets with 0.003% avilamycin (AB), and 3) basal diets with 0.0125% protease (PRT). The diets were provided as mash form, and birds were fed ad libitum during the whole experimental period. On day 45, birds were euthanized, and tissue and digesta samples were collected. On day 46, the remaining birds were processed in a commercial slaughterhouse, and breast muscle samples were collected. Despite a trend for a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the AB group during the whole phase (P = 0.071), no significant differences in growth performance parameters and relative weights of organs were observed (P > 0.05) among the groups. The AB and PRT groups showed significantly greater apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) compared with the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group significantly improved the morphology of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). No differences were detected for meat quality, white striping, and woody breast among the groups (P > 0.05). For the gene expressions, the AB group showed a greater level of B0-system neutral amino acid co-transporter 1 and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance compared with PRT group, while a significantly lesser level of cationic amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance was observed in the AB group compared with CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group had a lesser level of peptide transporter 1 mRNA abundance in the jejunum than the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1 and cadherin 1 were observed in the CTRL group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of avilamycin tended to reduce FCR and significantly improved AA utilization, and supplementation of dietary protease significantly enhanced intestinal morphology and AA utilization in broilers. In that respect, exogenous protease use appears to be an interesting tool to be considered in AGP reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marion Mogire
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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22
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Archambeault SL, Durston DJ, Wan A, El-Sabaawi RW, Matthews B, Peichel CL. Phosphorus limitation does not drive loss of bony lateral plates in freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evolution 2020; 74:2088-2104. [PMID: 32537747 PMCID: PMC7773418 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Connecting the selective forces that drive the evolution of phenotypes to their underlying genotypes is key to understanding adaptation, but such connections are rarely tested experimentally. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are a powerful model for such tests because genotypes that underlie putatively adaptive traits have been identified. For example, a regulatory mutation in the Ectodysplasin (Eda) gene causes a reduction in the number of bony armor plates, which occurs rapidly and repeatedly when marine sticklebacks invade freshwater. However, the source of selection on plate loss in freshwater is unknown. Here, we tested whether dietary reduction of phosphorus can account for selection on plate loss due to a growth advantage of low-plated fish in freshwater. We crossed marine fish heterozygous for the 16 kilobase freshwater Eda haplotype and compared the growth of offspring with different genotypes under contrasting levels of dietary phosphorus in both saltwater and freshwater. Eda genotype was not associated with growth differences in any treatment, or with mechanisms that could mitigate the impacts of phosphorus limitation, such as differential phosphorus deposition, phosphorus excretion, or intestine length. This study highlights the importance of experimentally testing the putative selective forces acting on phenotypes and their underlying genotypes in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Archambeault
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Alex Wan
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Aquafeed Research Unit (ANARU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine L. Peichel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Adeshina I, Abubakar MIO, Ajala BE. Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enhanced the growth, gut morphometry, antioxidant capacity, and the immune response in juveniles of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1375-1385. [PMID: 32232615 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus-fortified diets on growth performance, antioxidant profiles, and immunity-related gene expressions of common carp, Cyprinus carpio juveniles. Four isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 102, 104, or 106 cfu/mL/kg L. acidophilus were fed to 240 Cyprinus carpio juveniles (mean = 21.34 ± 1.85 g), allotted to 12 rectangular tanks in a completely randomized designed at 3% body weight for 56 days. Growth performance and nutrient utilization were evaluated using standard procedures. Intestinal villi were measured, antioxidant profiles were evaluated from blood sera, and immunity-related gene expressions were evaluated. The results revealed that fish fed dietary 106 had significantly higher weight gain, SGR, feed intake, and lower FCR. Also, villi length, width, and areas of absorption were significantly improved in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, innate immune profiles, superoxide dismutase, catalase, respiratory bust activity as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were significantly stimulated. This study evoked that Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation enhanced better growth performance, improved antioxidant profiles, and modulated expression of immune-related genes of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, than the fish fed control diet. Results show that fish fed fortified diets had better growth performance, improved antioxidant profiles, and modulated expression of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | | | - Bunmi Elizabeth Ajala
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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24
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Pervin MA, Jahan H, Akter R, Omri A, Hossain Z. Appraisal of different levels of soybean meal in diets on growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidation, and gut histology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1397-1407. [PMID: 32222857 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of fishmeal (FM) replacement with soybean meal (SBM) in the diet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidation, and gut histomorphology were assessed in the fish fed with five different formulated diets that increasingly replaced FM. The SBM0 contained 100% FM, followed by 25% (SBM25), 50% (SBM50), 75% (SBM75), and 100% (SBM100). Juvenile tilapia having weight and length of 6.6 ± 0.1 g and 5.4 ± 0.2 cm, respectively, were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Each group had 40 individual fish and fed to visual satiation for 90 days. Body weight gain and specific growth rate in fish fed with 25-75% SBM increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with those in fish fed with SBM100. Fish having the same weight fed with diets SBM50, SBM75, and SBM100 showed a significantly (P < 0.01) longer intestine compared with those fed with SBM0 and SBM25. Villus height of the stomach and intestine was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in the fish fed with the diets SBM0, SBM25, and SBM50 compared with SBM75 and SBM100. Muscular thickness was inversely related with the increasing villus height. Protease activity increased significantly (P < 0.01) in the stomach, anterior intestine, and posterior intestine of fish fed with SBM0 compared with SBM100. In the stomach and anterior and posterior segments of the intestine, significantly (P < 0.01) higher lipase activity was observed in fish fed with the diets SBM0 and SBM25 compared with diet SBM100. In the stomach, anterior intestine, and posterior intestine, amylase activity was also significantly (P < 0.01) greater in SBM0 compared with SBM100. The antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase of the liver were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in fish fed SBM100 compared with SBM0. These results suggest that the replacement of FM up to 75% with SBM could be possible considering the growth performances, gut health, and activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Arzu Pervin
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Halima Jahan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Akter
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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25
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Lin SM, Zhou XM, Zhou YL, Kuang WM, Chen YJ, Luo L, Dai FY. Intestinal morphology, immunity and microbiota response to dietary fibers in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoide. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 103:135-142. [PMID: 32423866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at identifying the effects of dietary fiber on gut health, as well as the association between that understanding and fiber consumption in fish. A total of 300 juvenile largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides, initial average weight: 15.38 ± 0.16g) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (4 replicates per group). Fish were fed with isoproteic and isolipidic diets containing 0% (low fiber, LF), 4% (moderate fiber, MF) and 8% (high fiber, HF) soybean fiber, respectively. The intestine and intestinal content of test fish per treatment group after 56 days of treatment were sampled. The results showed that the anterior intestinal sections had normal histological architecture, and no considerable damage or inflammation was observed in any histological section from all subjects examined. Curiously, fish fed the MF diet had better histological alterations than the other treatments. Meanwhile, the intestinal antioxidant capacity in the MF group was significantly promoted when compared to the other groups, as well as up-regulated expression of antioxidant-related genes including sod, cat and gpx with increasing dietary fiber concentrations. Importantly, the administrations of MF diet remarkably elevated largemouth bass innate immune parameters include intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) and total protein content. Similarly, dietary administrations of fiber down-regulated notablely the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and TNFα, whereas up-regulated tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA levels. In addition, dietary fibers also modulated the community structure of the intestinal microbiota by significantly altering bacterial diversity. Dietary supplemental fibers regulated intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass, characterized by a reduced abundance of Fusobacteria along with increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Taken together, the present results suggested that moderate fiber supplementation was beneficial to promoting intestinal health status of fish through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which could be at least partially responsible by the modulation of gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Xing-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yue-Lang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wen-Ming Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fang-Yin Dai
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402160, PR China
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Kroupova P, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J, Bunschoten A, Vodicka M, Irodenko I, Oseeva M, Zacek P, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M, Horakova O. Omega-3 Phospholipids from Krill Oil Enhance Intestinal Fatty Acid Oxidation More Effectively than Omega-3 Triacylglycerols in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072037. [PMID: 32660007 PMCID: PMC7400938 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisteatotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3) in obese rodents seem to vary depending on the lipid form of their administration. Whether these effects could reflect changes in intestinal metabolism is unknown. Here, we compare Omega-3-containing phospholipids (krill oil; ω3PL-H) and triacylglycerols (ω3TG) in terms of their effects on morphology, gene expression and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the small intestine. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with 30 mg/g diet of ω3TG or ω3PL-H. Omega-3 index, reflecting the bioavailability of Omega-3, reached 12.5% and 7.5% in the ω3PL-H and ω3TG groups, respectively. Compared to HFD mice, ω3PL-H but not ω3TG animals had lower body weight gain (−40%), mesenteric adipose tissue (−43%), and hepatic lipid content (−64%). The highest number and expression level of regulated intestinal genes was observed in ω3PL-H mice. The expression of FA ω-oxidation genes was enhanced in both Omega-3-supplemented groups, but gene expression within the FA β-oxidation pathway and functional palmitate oxidation in the proximal ileum was significantly increased only in ω3PL-H mice. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal FA oxidation could contribute to the strong antisteatotic effects of Omega-3 when administered as phospholipids to dietary obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kroupova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Evert M. van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.v.S.); (J.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.v.S.); (J.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.v.S.); (J.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Martin Vodicka
- Laboratory of Epithelial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ilaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Marina Oseeva
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Petr Zacek
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Division BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (O.H.); Tel.: +420-296443706 (M.R. & O.H.); Fax: +420 296442599 (M.R. & O.H.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (I.I.); (M.O.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (O.H.); Tel.: +420-296443706 (M.R. & O.H.); Fax: +420 296442599 (M.R. & O.H.)
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27
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Ayiku S, Shen JF, Tan BP, Dong XH, Liu HY. Effects of dietary yeast culture on shrimp growth, immune response, intestinal health and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:286-295. [PMID: 32334129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of yeast culture (YC) supplementation at 0% (YC 0%), 1% (YC 1%), and 2% (YC 2%) on growth, feed conversion ratio, body composition, intestinal morphology, microflora, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio harveyi infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. After 8-weeks feeding trial, the results showed significant improvement (p < .05) in the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and low feed conversion ratio in YC groups than the control. Serum total protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme, and phenol oxidase in shrimps fed diet YC (2%) were significantly higher (p < .05), whereas significantly decreased trend in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (p < .05) were observed in YC (2%) diet. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the core phylum bacteria found in the shrimp intestines. At the genus level, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio was significantly decreased (p < .05) while beneficial bacteria Pseudoalteromonas was increased in YC (2%) group. Intestinal villus height and width in shrimps fed YC diets were significantly improved than the control diet (p < .05). YC groups challenged test significantly showed (p < .05) improved shrimps immune response against V. harveyi infections with YC (2%) recording the highest percentage survival rate (70%). The present study demonstrated that supplementing YC (2%) can improve growth, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and immune response against V. harveyi infections in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ayiku
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Fei Shen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China.
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Zhang B, Li C, Wang X, Liu C, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Administration of commensal Shewanella sp. MR-7 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestine dysfunction in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:460-468. [PMID: 32389740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate whether the administration of commensal Shewanella sp. MR-7 (MR-7) could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestine dysfunction in turbot. Fish (body weight: 70.00 ± 2.00 g) were randomly divided into three groups including the control group treated with dough, the LPS group treated with dough plus LPS, and the LPS+MR-7 (LMR) group treated with dough plus LPS and MR-7. These three groups with 24 fish each were force-fed with 1 g dough daily for 7 continuous days. The results revealed that MR-7 administration ameliorated LPS-induced intestinal injury, showing higher intestinal villus and microvillus height. Further results showed that MR-7 could inhibit LPS-induced activation of TLR-NF-κB signaling thus maintaining the normal expression levels of cytokines and finally ameliorate the intestinal inflammatory response in turbot. Compared with the LPS group, LMR group had less goblet cells and lower mucin-2 expression level. Moreover, MR-7 restored LPS-induced down-regulation of tight junction protein-related gene expression (zonula occluden-1, occludin, tricellulin and claudin-3). Further investigations indicated that MR-7 partially counteracted LPS-induced changes in gut microbiota composition, enhanced the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and reduced the Pseudomonas, thus maintaining the overall microbiota balance. Taken together, the administration of MR-7 could effectively restore LPS-induced intestine function disorder in turbot by ameliorating inflammatory response, mucosal barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Amer SA, Naser MAF, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Saleh AA, Elsayed SAM, Abdel Fattah DM, Metwally AE. Effect of dietary supplementation of alpha-galactosidase on the growth performance, ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:144. [PMID: 32434502 PMCID: PMC7238633 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the effect of Alpha-galactosidase (AlphaGal) supplementation with two energy levels on the growth performance, amino acid ileal digestibility coefficient "AID%," economic value, intestinal histology, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Two-hundred 3-day-old broiler chicks (average body weight 74.34 g ±0.52 Ross 308) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two energy diets groups: in the first group, the birds were fed on a recommended energy diet (RED) while the second group was reduced 120 kcal/kg diet as a low energy diet (LED) and two levels of AlphaGal (0 or 50 mg/kg diet) for RED and LED for the 35-day feeding period. RESULTS The interaction effects between the energy level and the AlphaGal supplementations resulted in significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the body weight, body weight gain, and the relative growth rate. The feed conversion ratio was signficantly increased in LED without supplementation of AlphaGal group during the entire experimental period, this negative effect on the growth performance was corrected by AlphaGal supplementation. The AID% value was increased significantly by AlphaGal supplementation. Blood triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased (P = 0.02) in the LED group with or without AlphaGal supplementation, while the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly decreased (P = 0.01) in the LED or RED groups supplemented with 50 mg RED AlphaGal. Histologically, the number of intestinal glands and goblet cells increased in both RED and LED groups supplemented with AlphaGal and their secretions were mainly neutral mucopolysaccharides and less acidic mucopolysaccharides. CONCLUSION AlphaGal supplementation improved the growth performance of broiler chickens fed LED and the growth performance is similar to those fed RED, thereby consequently improving the economic value of these diets. AlphaGal supplementation improves intestinal histology and morphology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A F Naser
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Shafika A M Elsayed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Abdel Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E Metwally
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Borey M, Estellé J, Caidi A, Bruneau N, Coville JL, Hennequet-Antier C, Mignon-Grasteau S, Calenge F. Broilers divergently selected for digestibility differ for their digestive microbial ecosystems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232418. [PMID: 32421690 PMCID: PMC7233591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the digestive efficiency of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) could reduce organic waste, increase the use of alternative feed not used for human consumption and reduce the impact of feed in production costs. By selecting chicken lines divergently for their digestive efficiency, we showed previously that digestive efficiency is under genetic control and that the two resulting divergent lines, D+ (high digestive efficiency or “digestibility +”) and D- (low digestive efficiency or “digestibility -”), also differ for the abundance of specific bacteria in their caeca. Here we perform a more extensive census of the bacteria present in the digestive microbiota of 60 chickens selected for their low apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn-) or high (AMEn+) digestive efficiency in a [D+ x D-] F8 progeny of 200 individuals. We sequenced the 16S rRNA genes of the ileal, jejunal and caecal microbiotas, and compared the compositions and predicted functions of microbiotas from the different intestinal segments for 20 AMEn+ and 19 AMEn- birds. The intestinal segment of origin was the main factor structuring the samples. The caecal microbiota was the most impacted by the differences in digestive efficiency, with 41 bacterial species with abundances differing between highly and poorly efficient birds. Furthermore, we predicted that the caecal microbiota of efficient birds might be enriched in genes contributing to the degradation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from non-starch polysaccharides. These results confirm the impact of the genetic selection led on digestibility on the caecal microbiota taxonomic composition. They open the way toward the identification of specific, causal genes of the host controlling variations in the abundances of bacterial taxons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Borey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aziza Caidi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Bruneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coville
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Fanny Calenge
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Zanu HK, Keerqin C, Kheravii SK, Morgan N, Wu SB, Bedford MR, Swick RA. Influence of meat and bone meal, phytase, and antibiotics on broiler chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 2. intestinal permeability, organ weights, hematology, intestinal morphology, and jejunal gene expression. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2581-2594. [PMID: 32359594 PMCID: PMC7597457 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Undigested proteins entering the hindgut may favor the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens. Using phytase to eliminate the need for meat and bone meal (MBM) as a P source may reduce potential infection with C. perfringens. A study was conducted to determine the impact of MBM, phytase, and antibiotics (AB) on intestinal permeability and morphology, organ weights, and jejunal gene expression in Ross 308 chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE). Male Ross 308-day-old chicks (672 each) were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 6 replicate pens each housing 14 birds. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: MBM (no or yes); AB (no or yes-Zn bacitracin 100 in S and 50 ppm in G/F and salinomycin Na 60 ppm in all phases); phytase (500 or 1,500 FTU/kg, both using 500 FTU matrix values) using wheat-SBM-canola meal diets. Birds were challenged with Eimeria spp on day 9, and C. perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on day 14 and 15. An AB × MBM interaction (P < 0.05) was detected for relative gizzard weight (with contents) being lower in birds fed MBM and AB compared to those fed MBM and no AB. A MBM × AB interaction (P > 0.01) was detected for lymphocyte counts being lower with MBM and AB compared to MBM without AB. A phytase × AB interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for villi length being increased with high phytase and no AB compared to with AB. Inclusion of MBM increased (P < 0.05) blood FICT-d concentration, whereas AB decreased it (P < 0.05). Antibiotics increased RBC (P < 0.05), Hgb (P < 0.05), and PCV (P < 0.05) and expression of Ca-binding protein, CALB1 (P > 0.05). Inclusion of MBM decreased expression of MUC2 (P < 0.05). Results indicate that dietary MBM has a detrimental effect on gut health of broilers but this may be counteracted using AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Zanu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - C Keerqin
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - N Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S-B Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - R A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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Seeburger VC, D’Alvise P, Shaaban B, Schweikert K, Lohaus G, Schroeder A, Hasselmann M. The trisaccharide melezitose impacts honey bees and their intestinal microbiota. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230871. [PMID: 32275718 PMCID: PMC7147780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) feed on honey produced from collected nectar. In the absence of nectar, during certain times of the year or in monocultural landscapes, honey bees forage on honeydew. Honeydew is excreted by different herbivores of the order Hemiptera that consume phloem sap of plant species. In comparison to nectar, honeydew is composed of a higher variety of sugars and additional sugars with higher molecular weight, like the trisaccharide melezitose that can be a major constituent of honeydew. However, melezitose-containing honey is known to cause malnutrition in overwintering honey bees. Following the hypothesis that melezitose may be the cause for the so called ‘honeydew flow disease’, three independent feeding experiments with caged bees were conducted in consecutive years. Bees fed with melezitose showed increased food uptake, higher gut weights and elevated mortality compared to bees fed a control diet. Moreover, severe disease symptoms, such as swollen abdomen, abdomen tipping and impaired movement were observed in melezitose-fed bees. 16S-amplicon sequencing indicated that the melezitose diet changed the species composition of the lactic acid bacteria community within the gut microbiota. Based on these results, we conclude that melezitose cannot be easily digested by the host and may accumulate in the hindgut. Within cages or during winter, when there is no opportunity for excretion, the accumulated melezitose can cause severe intestinal symptoms and death of the bees, probably as result of poor melezitose metabolism capabilities in the intestinal microbiota. These findings confirm the causal relation between the trisaccharide melezitose and the honeydew flow disease and indicate a possible mechanism of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Charlotte Seeburger
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D’Alvise
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Basel Shaaban
- Molecular Plant Science/ Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Karsten Schweikert
- Core Facility Hohenheim and Institute of Economics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Lohaus
- Molecular Plant Science/ Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Annette Schroeder
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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Wang H, Tang W, Zhang P, Zhang Z, He J, Zhu D, Bi Y. Modulation of gut microbiota contributes to effects of intensive insulin therapy on intestinal morphological alteration in high-fat-diet-treated mice. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:455-467. [PMID: 31749050 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Disturbance of intestinal homeostasis promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. Although intensive insulin therapy has been shown to promote extended glycemic remission in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients through multiple mechanisms, its effect on intestinal homeostasis remains unknown. METHODS This study evaluated the effects of intensive insulin therapy on intestinal morphometric parameters in a hyperglycemic mice model induced by high-fat diet (HFD). 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing and multivariate analysis were utilized to evaluate the structural changes of gut microbiota. RESULTS HFD-induced increases in the lengths of villus, microvillus and crypt depth were significantly reversed after intensive insulin therapy. Moreover, intestinal proliferation was notably decreased after intensive insulin therapy, whereas intestinal apoptosis was further increased. Importantly, intensive insulin therapy significantly shifted the overall structure of the HFD-disrupted gut microbiota toward that of mice fed a normal diet and changed the gut microbial composition. The abundances of 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were changed by intensive insulin therapy. Thirty altered OTUs correlated with two or more intestinal morphometric parameters and were designated 'functionally relevant phylotypes.' CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our data indicate that intensive insulin therapy recovers diabetes-associated gut structural abnormalities and restores the microbiome landscape. Moreover, specific altered 'functionally relevant phylotypes' correlates with improvement in diabetes-associated gut structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Pengzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jielei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Noakes MJ, Karasov WH, McKechnie AE. Seasonal variation in body composition in an Afrotropical passerine bird: increases in pectoral muscle mass are, unexpectedly, associated with lower thermogenic capacity. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:371-380. [PMID: 32189062 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility in avian metabolic rates and body composition have been well-studied in high-latitude species, which typically increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit metabolism (Msum) when acclimatized to winter conditions. Patterns of seasonal metabolic acclimatization are more variable in lower-latitude birds that experience milder winters, with fewer studies investigating adjustments in avian organ and muscle masses in the context of metabolic flexibility in these regions. We quantified seasonal variation (summer vs winter) in the masses of organs and muscles frequently associated with changes in BMR (gizzard, intestines and liver) and Msum (heart and pectoral muscles), in white-browed sparrow-weavers (Plocepasser mahali). We also measured pectoral muscle thickness using a portable ultrasound system to determine whether we could non-lethally estimate muscle size. A concurrent study measured seasonal changes in BMR and Msum in the same population of sparrow-weavers, but different individuals. There was no seasonal variation in the dry masses of the gizzard, intestines or liver of sparrow-weavers, and during the same period, BMR did not vary seasonally. We found significantly higher heart (~ 18% higher) and pectoral muscle (~ 9% higher) dry mass during winter, although ultrasound measurements did not detect seasonal changes in pectoral muscle size. Despite winter increases in pectoral muscle mass, Msum was ~ 26% lower in winter compared to summer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an increase in avian pectoral muscle mass but a concomitant decrease in thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Noakes
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - William H Karasov
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Tan X, Sun Z, Ye C. Dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts supplementation improved immunity and intestinal morphology, antioxidant ability and tight junction proteins mRNA expression of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:611-618. [PMID: 31533081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For many years, Ginkgo biloba has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) supplementation on immune response, intestinal morphology, antioxidant ability and tight junction proteins mRNA expression of hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets. Basal diets supplemented with GBLE at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 10.00 g/kg were fed to hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. The study showed that dietary GBLE supplementation significantly improved immune ability by increasing plasma complement 3, complement 4 and Immunoglobulin M content. Dietary supplementation of 0.50-2.00 g/kg GBLE improved intestinal morphology and increased the expression of zonula occludens 1, zonula occludens 2, zonula occludens 3, occludin and claudin 3a. Dietary supplementation of 0.50-2.00 g/kg GBLE improved antioxidant ability by increasing activities and expressions of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, suppressed inflammatory by increasing expression of interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1 and target of rapamycin, and decreased apoptotic responses by reducing the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 in the intestine of hybrid grouper fed high lipid diets. This study indicated that dietary GBLE supplementation was clearly beneficial for intestinal health and immunity in hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets and it could be used as a functional feed additive in aquaculture to promote the application of high lipid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Cheng Y, Chen Y, Li J, Qu H, Zhao Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary β-sitosterol regulates serum lipid level and improves immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1400-1408. [PMID: 32111314 PMCID: PMC7587718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated effects of dietary β-sitosterol addition at different levels on serum lipid levels, immune function, oxidative status, and intestinal morphology in broilers. One-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to 5 groups of 6 replicates. Chickens in the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg of β-sitosterol for 42 D, respectively. β-Sitosterol linearly decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of serum total cholesterol, jejunal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and ileal interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and mRNA relative expressions levels of jejunal TLR4 and ileal MyD88, whereas it linearly increased (P < 0.05) contents of jejunal immunoglobulin G (IgG), ileal secreted IgA and glutathione, jejunal catalase activity and Nrf2 mRNA relative expression level, villus height (VH), and VH-to-crypt depth (CD) ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum. Linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.05) in absolute and relative spleen weight were observed by dietary β-sitosterol, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the jejunum and ileum followed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary β-sitosterol at higher than or equal to 60 mg/kg level decreased (P < 0.05) contents of serum total cholesterol, ileal MDA, and jejunal TLR4 mRNA relative expression level, whereas it increased (P < 0.05) absolute spleen weight and ileal glutathione content. Higher than or equal to 80 mg/kg level of β-sitosterol enhanced (P < 0.05) jejunal IgG concentration, VH, catalase activity, and Nrf2 relative expression level and ileal secreted IgA content, but reduced (P < 0.05) ileal IL-1β content and MyD88 mRNA relative expression level. β-Sitosterol addition at 60 and 80 mg/kg levels increased (P < 0.05) relative spleen weight, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal MDA accumulation. Moreover, 100 mg/kg level of β-sitosterol reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal TNF-α level, but it increased (P < 0.05) VH in the jejunum and VH:CD in the jejunum and ileum. Accordingly, dietary β-sitosterol supplementation could regulate serum cholesterol level, promote immune function, and improve intestinal oxidative status and morphology in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengman Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yurui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Kholodkevich S, Sharov A, Chen C, Feng Y, Ren N, Sun K. Effects of cadmium on intestinal histology and microbiota in freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Chemosphere 2020; 242:125105. [PMID: 31675589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 2, 5 and 10 mg/L) of cadmium (Cd). We studied the effects of Cd exposure on intestinal histology and microbiota in P. clarkii. The results demonstrated that exposure to Cd caused histological alterations in the intestines of P. clarkii. Meanwhile, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Cd exposure could alter the richness, diversity, and composition of intestinal microbiota in P. clarkii. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of the prevalent phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria changed significantly after exposure to Cd. At the genus level, the most prevalent genera with significant difference in relative abundance were Bacteroides, Clostridium XlVb, Hafnia, Buttiauxella, Shewanella, Anaerorhabdus, Alistipes, Arcobacter, Azoarcus, Chryseobacterium, and so on. Furthermore, functional prediction analysis of intestinal microbial communities showed that Cd exposure could significantly alter the pathways related to metabolism, diseases, cellular processes, and so on. Taken together, exposure to Cd could induce intestinal histological damage and affect intestinal microbiota composition and functions of P. clarkii. Our study can be an important step toward a better understanding of the toxic effects of Cd on aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zheyu Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Sergey Kholodkevich
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Andrey Sharov
- Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia; Papanin Institute for Biology of the Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Matulić D, Barišić J, Aničić I, Tomljanović T, Safner R, Treer T, Gao J, Glojnarić I, Čož-Rakovac R. Growth, health aspects and histopathology of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.): replacing fishmeal with soybean meal and brewer's yeast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1104. [PMID: 31980692 PMCID: PMC6981201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A ten-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) and brewer's yeast (BY) on growth performance, blood parameters, oxidative stress and micromorphology of liver and intestines in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.). Fish were fed nine feeds in which FM was replaced with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SBM (K1, K2, K3 and K4) and 17% + 8%, 42% + 8%, 67% + 8% and 92% + 8% of SBM/BY combination (K5, K6, K7, K8). Growth indices showed greater outcomes for the K2 group in comparison to all other groups. A decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations was found after FM replacement. Activity of SOD was higher in groups K4, K7 and K8. The early inflammatory indications with abnormal vacuolization of lamina propria and basal epithelium were present in diets K4 and K8. Hepatocytes were irregular in shape with signs of inflammatory reaction in diet K8. A decreased perimeter of hepatocyte nuclei was detected in all experimental diets when compared with the control. This study demonstrates that the optimal replacement of FM with SBM/BY in brown bullhead diets contains up to 50% of FM replaced with SBM in order to obtain advantageous growth performance and adequate health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matulić
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josip Barišić
- Laboratory for biotechnology in aquaculture, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Aničić
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Tomljanović
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roman Safner
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Treer
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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de Souza FP, de Lima ECS, Urrea-Rojas AM, Suphoronski SA, Facimoto CT, Bezerra Júnior JDS, de Oliveira TES, Pereira UDP, Santis GWD, de Oliveira CAL, Lopera-Barrero NM. Effects of dietary supplementation with a microalga (Schizochytrium sp.) on the hemato-immunological, and intestinal histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia in net cages. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226977. [PMID: 31896132 PMCID: PMC6940142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional improvements in intensive aquaculture production systems is necessary for the reduction of stress, maximum utilization of nutritional components, and expression of the genetic potential of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemato-immunological, and histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia fed with the microalga Schizochytrium sp. Males of Nile tilapia were distributed among eight net cages (6 m3), and fed for 105 days with two diets: control (CON), without Schizochytrium sp., and supplemented (SUP), with 1.2% Schizochytrium sp. in the diet. The final weight, mortality, hematocrit, total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin, hematimetric indices, white blood cell count (WBC), total protein, and serum lysozyme were measured. Alterations in intestinal morphology were evaluated. The gut microbiota was evaluated with next-generation sequencing. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the final weight and mortality between diets. Regarding the hematological parameters, a difference (p<0.05) was detected only in RBC, with there being lower values in the SUP, although this group also showed a tendency toward having an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin level. There were no differences (p>0.05) in total protein and serum lysozyme concentrations or in WBCs between diets, except for lymphocytes, which presented lower values (p<0.05) in the SUP, suggesting immunomodulation by the polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the microalga. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the intestinal morphology between diets. Metagenomic data indicated greater richness (represented by the Chao index) and a higher abundance of the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of the tilapia fed with the SUP diet, demonstrating that the digestion and use of the components of the microalga could influence the microbial community. The results indicated that the microalga had modulatory effects on blood cells and the intestinal microbiota, without affecting the structure and integrity of the intestinal villi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - César Toshio Facimoto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ulisses de Pádua Pereira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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Jiang S, Mohammed AA, Jacobs JA, Cramer TA, Cheng HW. Effect of synbiotics on thyroid hormones, intestinal histomorphology, and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress. Poult Sci 2020; 99:142-150. [PMID: 32416795 PMCID: PMC7587863 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined effect of a dietary synbiotic supplement on the concentrations of plasma thyroid hormones, expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and intestinal histomorphology in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS). Three hundred and sixty day old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly distributed among 3 dietary treatments containing a synbiotic (PoultryStar meUS) at 0 (control), 0.5 (0.5×), and 1.0 (1.0×) g/kg. Each treatment contained 8 replicates of 15 birds each housed in floor pens in a temperature and lighting controlled room. Heat stimulation was established from days 15 to 42 at 32°C for 9 h daily. The results indicated that under the HS condition, both synbiotic fed groups had lower liver and hypothalamus HSP70 levels (P < 0.001) compared to control group; however, HSP70 mRNA expression was not different among treatments (P > 0.05). There were no treatment effects on the levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as T3/T4 ratio (P > 0.05). Compared to controls, 1.0× HS broilers had greater villus height in the duodenum (P < 0.01), and greater villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratios in the ileum (P < 0.01). There were no differences among treatments on the measured intestinal parameters in the jejunum (P > 0.05). The results suggest that the synbiotic may ameliorate the negative effects of HS on chicken health as indicated by the changes in the intestinal architecture and the levels of HSP70. Dietary synbiotic supplement could be a feasible nutritive strategy for the poultry industry to improve the health and welfare of chickens when exposed to hot environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - A A Mohammed
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - J A Jacobs
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 125 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - T A Cramer
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - H W Cheng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Ahmed I, Qaisrani SN, Azam F, Pasha TN, Bibi F, Naveed S, Murtaza S. Interactive effects of threonine levels and protein source on growth performance and carcass traits, gut morphology, ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, and immunity in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:280-289. [PMID: 32416812 PMCID: PMC7587638 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was executed to test the hypothesis that supplementation of dietary threonine (d-Thr), above NRC recommendation to diets containing poorly digestible protein source (PS) may compensate its detrimental effects on overall performance of broilers. In total, nine hundred 1-day-old mixed sex broilers (Ross-308) were randomly distributed over 6 (2 × 3) experimental diets comprising 5 replicates of 30 broilers each for 35 d. The experimental diets contain either soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM) with 3 levels (100, 110, and 120% of NRC recommendation) of d-Thr. During the course of the trial (0 to 35 D), interactions (P < 0.05) between PS and d-Thr were observed for feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, and gut health parameters. The broilers fed recommended level (100%) of d-Thr had 7 and 5% poorer FCR compared with those fed diets with 110 and 120% d-Thr, respectively. For villus height (VH), an interaction (P = 0.007) was found between PS and d-Thr level. Broilers consuming SBM diets had 22% longer villi, 10% deeper crypts, and 30% greater VH to crypt depth ratio (VCR) compared to those fed CM. The broilers fed 110% d-Thr diets had 9% lower crypt depth (CD) and 15% greater VCR compared with those fed diets containing NRC recommended levels. CM resulted in 9% lower protein digestibility with lower (P < 0.05) of some AA, whereas it was improved by 7% in broilers fed 120% d-Thr supplemented diets. The bursa and spleen weights were positively affected (P < 0.001) by PS. Threonine supplementation (10%) resulted in 25% greater thymus, 18% heavier bursa, and 30% greater infectious bursal disease titer. In conclusion, supplementation of d-Thr, above NRC recommendation, resulted in a better growth performance and carcass traits, improved ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, better gut health, and immunity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - S N Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - F Azam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - T N Pasha
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - F Bibi
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 66000, Pakistan
| | - S Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - S Murtaza
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
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Ekim B, Calik A, Ceylan A, Saçaklı P. Effects of Paenibacillus xylanexedens on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poult Sci 2020; 99:214-223. [PMID: 32416805 PMCID: PMC7587685 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments (8 floor pens, 10 birds/pen) including 1) negative control (NC) birds fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; 2) positive control (PC) birds fed a basal diet and challenged with of E. coli K88; 3) P. xylanexedens ysm1 treatment (PRO) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 × 109P. xylanexedens ysm1 cfu/kg feed and challenged with E. coli K88; and 4) antibiotic treatment (ANT) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg of colistin sulphate/kg of feed and challenged with E. coli K88. The E. coli challenge decreased (P < 0.05) BWG in PC birds compared with the ANT birds on days 21 and 28. The FCR was higher (P < 0.01) in PC birds compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on days 14, 21, and 28. Compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on day 28, PC birds had shorter villi and higher number of goblet cells in both jejunum and ileum (P < 0.001). Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the E. coli challenge reduced the number of PCNA-positive cells in both the jejunum and ileum on day 28. Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 treatment resulted in higher concentration of mucosal sIgA in the jejunum as compared to the other treatment groups on days 14 and 28. The numbers of cecal E. coli were reduced (P = 0.017) in broilers treated with P. xylanexedens ysm1 or antibiotic in comparison with the PC group on day 28. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of this new probiotic bacteria P. xylanexedens ysm1 improved broiler performance by modulating intestinal morphology, enhancing immune response, and reducing the number of E. coli in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ekim
- Life Sciences Research and Application Centre, Gazi University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Calik
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Saçaklı
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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Ye Q, Feng Y, Wang Z, Zhou A, Xie S, Fan L, Xiang Q, Song E, Zou J. Effects of dietary Gelsemium elegans alkaloids on intestinal morphology, antioxidant status, immune responses and microbiota of Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:464-478. [PMID: 31546035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous plant extracts used as feed additives in aquaculture have been shown to stimulate appetite, promote growth and enhance immunostimulatory and disease resistance in cultured fish. However, there are few studies on the famous Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium elegans, which attracts our attention. In this study, we used the Megalobrama amblycephala to investigate the effects of G. elegans alkaloids on fish intestinal health after diet supplementation with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg G. elegans alkaloids for 12 weeks. We found that dietary G. elegans alkaloids at 40 mg/kg improved intestinal morphology by increasing villus length, muscle thickness and villus number in the foregut and midgut and muscle thickness in the hindgut (P < 0.05). These alkaloids also significantly improved intestinal antioxidant capabilities by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels and up-regulated intestinal Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD (P < 0.05) at 20 and 40 mg/kg. Dietary G. elegans alkaloids improved intestinal immunity via up-regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-α and down-regulating expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β (P < 0.05) at 20 and 40 mg/kg. The expression of Toll-like receptors TRL1, 3, 4 and 7 were also up-regulated in intestine of M. amblycephala (P < 0.05). In intestinal microbiota, the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased while the Firmicutes abundance was decreased at phylum level after feeding the alkaloids (P < 0.05). The alkaloids also increased the abundance of the probiotic Rhodobacter and decreased the abundance of the pathogenic Staphylococcus at genus level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary G. elegans alkaloid supplementation promoted intestine health by improving intestine morphology, immunity, antioxidant abilities and intestinal microbiota in M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ye
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyong Feng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Enfeng Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jang WJ, Lee JM, Hasan MT, Lee BJ, Lim SG, Kong IS. Effects of probiotic supplementation of a plant-based protein diet on intestinal microbial diversity, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal structure, and immunity in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:719-727. [PMID: 31271838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intestinal microbial manipulation by dietary probiotic supplementation on digestive enzyme activity, immune-related gene transcription, intestinal structure alteration, and viability against pathogenic challenge in olive flounder. Similar-sized flounders (14.92 ± 0.21 g) were divided into three groups and supplemented with a control (without probiotic) or 1 × 108 CFU/g diet of each of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 (ProB) and Lactobacillus plantarum (ProL) for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the estimated intestinal microbial richness (Chao1) and diversity (Shannon) demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) abundance in the ProB group (484.80 ± 88.75, 5.08 ± 0.17) compared to the ProL (285.32 ± 17.78, 4.54 ± 0.09) and control groups (263.23 ± 20.20, 4.30 ± 0.20). A similar alteration phenomenon was also found at the phylum level, with a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Trypsin and lipase activities were elevated in both the ProB and ProL groups compared to the control, but amylase was only higher in the ProB group. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were significantly higher in the ProB group than in the other two groups. There was a significant increase in transcription of IL-10 in both the ProB and ProL groups compared to the control. The length of villi and microvilli of probiotic-fed olive flounder was increased but was not significantly different from the control group. In an in vivo challenge experiment with Streptococcus iniae (1 × 108 CFU/mL), the survival rates of the ProB and ProL groups were 29.17% and 12.50%, respectively, when control mortality reached 100%. Therefore, intestinal microbiota manipulation by probiotic supplementation increased the richness of the bacterial population, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal immune gene transcription, and infectious disease protection in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Lim
- Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Jenabi Haghparast R, Sarvi Moghanlou K, Mohseni M, Imani A. Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on fish performance, hemato-immunological parameters, lipid biochemistry, antioxidant status, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal histomorphometry of pre-spawning Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 91:50-57. [PMID: 31085329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean lecithin (SBL) supplementation on performance, hemato-immunological parameters, lipid biochemistry, antioxidant status, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal histomorphometry of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius in the pre-spawning stage. The basal diet was supplemented with 0% (control), 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% of SBL to obtain five experimental diets. Fish with an average weight of 350 ± 10 g were randomly distributed among five experimental groups and fed for 90 days. Dietary SBL resulted in better performance including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). Among the different hemato-immunological parameters, white blood cell counts (WBC), lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50) and total immunoglobulin (IgM) content of serum were significantly increased with dietary SBL inclusion (p < 0.05). For antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) showed significant differences among various experimental diets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, digestive enzymes activity including alkaline protease, lipase and amylase were increased in those fish received SBL supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that the dietary SBL improved some physiological responses of the fish and indicate 6-9% dietary SBL supplementation would improve the physiological competence of the pre-spawning Caspian brown trout breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jenabi Haghparast
- Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - K Sarvi Moghanlou
- Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - M Mohseni
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Cold-water Fishes Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tonekabon, Iran
| | - A Imani
- Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Li C, Bei T, Niu Z, Guo X, Wang M, Lu H, Gu X, Tian H. Adhesion and Colonization of the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Labeled by Dsred2 in Mouse Gut. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:896-903. [PMID: 31115599 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The health-promoting effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus are based on its adherence and colonization ability. However, little is known about its adhesion and colonization rates. Lactobacillus rhamnosus in mouse intestinal mucosa a mutant of the red fluorescence protein (RFP) DSred2 was used to tag L. rhamnosus to observe the adhesion and distribution of L. rhamnosus in mouse intestinal mucosa. A mutant of the red fluorescence protein (RFP) Dsred2 was used to tag L. rhamnosus to allow us to observe and distinguish it in the mouse intestine. Seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were fed once (at day 0) with an oral administration of the labeled L. rhamnosus, and the number of labeled bacteria was detected in different regions of the intestinal tract at 3 h and at day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 15 after administration. The labeling process changed the morphology of L. rhamnosus, as it appeared after observation under the microscope, but did not change its basic probiotic properties in vitro. In vivo, labeled L. rhamnosus reached the colonization peak at the fourth day after gavage. From the distribution point of view, the number of colonization strains increased from the proximal to the distal small intestine (duodenum < jejunum < ileum) and the number of strains in the colon was less than the distal small intestine (ileum). The labeling protocol actually allowed the detection of the distribution and adhesion of this bacterium to the intestine, thus demonstrating that the health-promoting effects of this probiotic are satisfied. This study provides a scientific basis in the use of probiotics such as L. rhamnosus in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tingting Bei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhihua Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Miaoshu Wang
- New Hope Tensun (Hebei) Dairy Co., Ltd, Baoding, China
| | - Haiqiang Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xinxi Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Xie JJ, Liu QQ, Liao S, Fang HH, Yin P, Xie SW, Tian LX, Liu YJ, Niu J. Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 90:456-465. [PMID: 31075403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of dietary mixed probiotics on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Juvenile shrimp (initial body weight 1.21 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing graded probiotics (F1: 0 mg/kg probiotics; F2: 1000 mg/kg probiotics; F3: 2000 mg/kg probiotics; F4: 4000 mg/kg compound probiotics; F5: 6000 mg/kg probiotics; F6: 8000 mg/kg probiotics) for 8 weeks. The result of this trial showed that the growth performance (SGR, WG, FBW) of shrimp fed diets containing probiotics (F2∼F6) were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed diet without supplemental probiotics (F1) (P < 0.05), and the highest values of the growth performance (SGR, WG, FBW) and lowest FCR were found in shrimp fed the diet containing 2000 mg/kg probiotics. Total antioxidant capacity of shrimp fed diet F2 and F3 were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the basal diets (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase in F4 treatment was significantly higher than that of basal treatment (P < 0.05). Catalase of shrimp in all probiotics supplemented (F2∼F6) treatments were significantly higher than that of the control one (F1) (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde in F5 groups was significantly lower than that of F1 groups (P < 0.05). Alkline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in F3 treatments were significantly higher than those of the basal one (P < 0.05). Lysozyme of shrimp fed F2∼F6 were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed F1 diet (P < 0.05). The lipase and amylase activities in 2000 mg/kg probiotics groups showed the highest activities and were significantly higher than that of control one (P < 0.05). Intestinal villi height in F3∼F6 treatments were significantly higher than that of control one (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity indices including observed species, chao1, ACE and shannon indices showed that F2 and F3 groups had higher microbial diversity in their intestines, both richness and evenness. PCA plot showed that there was a clear shift of F2 and F3 groups from the control groups in microbial community structure. The dominant phyla in pacific white shrimp are proteobacteria, bacteroidetes and actinobacteria, the dominant genus were algoriphagus and vibrio. As the probiotics increased, the gemmatimonadetes, acidobacteria, deltaproteobacteria and xanthomonadales firstly increased and then decreased, with the highest content in F2 group, which was no significant difference to F3 group (P > 0.05) while significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement of mixed species probiotics can promote growth performance, enhance the non-specific immunity, influence the microbiota of the pacific white shrimps and the recommended optimum dosage in diet of Litopenaeus vannamei was 2000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group, Zhanjiang, 524017, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Delgado R, Abad-Guamán R, Nicodemus N, Diaz-Perales A, García J, Carabaño R, Menoyo D. Effect of pre- and post-weaning dietary supplementation with arginine and glutamine on rabbit performance and intestinal health. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:199. [PMID: 31196135 PMCID: PMC6567899 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to assess if the exposure to glutamine (Gln), arginine (Arg) or their combination from pregnancy, through the maternal diet, to a post weaning supplemented diet, can stimulate litter performance, gut development and immune function. To this end does and their litters were fed the same basal diet no supplemented (control C), or supplemented with 0.4% Gln, 0.4% Arg, or 0.4 Gln + 0.4 Arg. Rabbits were weaned at 25 d of age and fed the same experimental diet as their mothers for 10 additional days (35 d of age). Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) at 6 d of age and intestinal histology, enzymatic activity, phenotypical and functional analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from the appendix were determined at 6, 25 and 35 d of age. RESULTS No significant differences on animal performance or mortality rates were observed among dietary treatments. However, kits from rabbit does supplemented with Gln tended (P ≤ 0.10) to reduce the translocation of total number of both aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria to the MLN. Also, rabbits fed the Gln supplemented diets maintained intestinal villous height at weaning compared to the non-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD45+CD4+ and CD45+CD8+ IEL in the appendix were not affected by dietary means. However, in rabbits IEL at weaning dietary Gln significantly upregulated IL-2 and downregulated IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of effect on performance and mortality the inclusion of 0.4% Gln has a positive effect by maintaining intestinal villous height and modulating the cytokine profile at weaning. The supplementation with Arg or Arg + Gln at the selected doses in this study did not exert positive effects on rabbit intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Delgado
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Abad-Guamán
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Nicodemus
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Carabaño
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Menoyo
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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You C, Chen B, Wang M, Wang S, Zhang M, Sun Z, Juventus AJ, Ma H, Li Y. Effects of dietary lipid sources on the intestinal microbiome and health of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 89:187-197. [PMID: 30936050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VO) in diets is economically desirable for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. However, inflammation provoked by FO replacement limited its widely application in fish industry. In order to understand the mechanism of VO-induced inflammation, this study investigated the impact of different dietary vegetable oils on the intestinal health and microbiome in carnivorous marine fish golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Three diets supplemented with fish oil (FO, rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids), soybean oil (SO, rich in 18:2n-6) and linseed oil (LO, rich in 18:3n-3), respectively, were fed on juvenile golden pompano for 8 weeks, and the intestinal histology, digestive enzymes activities, immunity and antioxidant indices as well as intestinal microbiome were determined. The results showed that dietary SO significantly impaired intestinal health, and decreased the number and height of intestinal folds, and muscle thickness, as well as the zonula occludens-1 (zo-1) mRNA expression in intestine. Moreover, the two dietary VO significantly decreased the amylase and lipase activities in intestine, and reduced the trypsin activity in the dietary SO group. Furthermore, the two VO diets increased intestinal acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, while intestinal lysozyme (LZM) activity and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the SO group were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the two VO diets significantly increased the abundance of intestinal potentially pathogenic bacteria (Mycoplasma and Vibrio) and decreased proportions of intestinal probiotics (Bacillus and Lactococcus), especially in the dietary SO group. These results indicate that complete replacement of FO with VO in diets would induce intestinal inflammation and impair intestinal function, which might be due to changes in intestinal microbiota profiles, and that dietary SO would have a more negative effect compared to dietary LO on intestinal health in T. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Baojia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhijie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Aweya Jude Juventus
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Zhang H, Li Y, Chen Y, Ying Z, Su W, Zhang T, Dong Y, Htoo JK, Zhang L, Wang T. Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra-uterine growth-retarded suckling piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:868-881. [PMID: 30941824 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with L -methionine (L -Met), DL -methionine (DL -Met) and calcium salt of the methionine hydroxyl analog (MHA-Ca) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function in intra-uterine growth-retarded (IUGR) suckling piglets. Six normal birthweight (NBW) female piglets and 24 same-sex IUGR piglets were selected at birth. Piglets were fed nutrient adequate basal diet supplemented with 0.08% L -alanine (NBW-CON), 0.08% L -alanine (IUGR-CON), 0.12% L -Met (IUGR-LM), 0.12% DL -Met (IUGR-DLM) and 0.16% MHA-Ca (IUGR-MHA-Ca) from 7 to 21 days of age respectively (n = 6). The results indicated that IUGR decreased average daily milk (dry matter) intake and average daily gain and increased feed conversion ratio of suckling piglets (p < 0.05). Compared with the NBW-CON piglets, IUGR also impaired villus morphology and reduced antioxidant capacity and immune homeostasis in the intestine of IUGR-CON piglets (p < 0.05). Supplementation with L -Met enhanced jejunal villus height (VH) and villus area and ileal VH of IUGR piglets compared with IUGR-CON piglets (p < 0.05). Similarly, DL -Met supplementation increased VH and the ratio of VH to crypt depth in the jejunum compared with IUGR-CON pigs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with L -Met and DL -Met (0.12%) tended to increase reduced glutathione content and reduced glutathione: oxidized glutathione ratio and decrease protein carbonyl concentration in the jejunum of piglets when compared with the IUGR-CON group (p < 0.10). However, supplementation with MHA-Ca had no effect on the intestinal redox status of IUGR piglets (p > 0.10). In conclusion, supplementation with either L -Met or DL -Met has a beneficial effect on the intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity of IUGR suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weipeng Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau, Germany
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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