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Hao X, Li J, Wang J, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Pan S, Zhu J, Zhang F, Yin S, Yang Y, Hu S, Shang S. Co-administration of chicken IL-2 alleviates clinical signs and replication of the ILTV chicken embryo origin vaccine by pre-activating natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 2023; 97:e0132223. [PMID: 37882519 PMCID: PMC10688355 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01322-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chickens immunized with the infectious laryngotracheitis chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine (Medivac, PT Medion Farma Jaya) experience adverse reactions, hindering its safety and effective use in poultry flocks. To improve the effect of the vaccine, we sought to find a strategy to alleviate the respiratory reactions associated with the vaccine. Here, we confirmed that co-administering the CEO vaccine with chIL-2 by oral delivery led to significant alleviation of the vaccine reactions in chickens after immunization. Furthermore, we found that the co-administration of chIL-2 with the CEO vaccine reduced the clinical signs of the CEO vaccine while enhancing natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to decrease viral loads in their tissues, particularly in the trachea and conjunctiva. Importantly, we demonstrated that the chIL-2 treatment can ameliorate the replication of the CEO vaccine without compromising its effectiveness. This study provides new insights into further applications of chIL-2 and a promising strategy for alleviating the adverse reaction of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shan Pan
- Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Shandong Binzhou Wohua Biotech Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Piray A, Foroutanifar S. Chromium Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Constituents, and Immune Competence of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2876-2888. [PMID: 34417722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to assess the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions, but the shape and strength of the associations between Cr supplementation and broiler chickens' responses to HS remain unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of Cr. The results indicated non-linear dose-response associations between Cr supplementation and body mass gain (BMG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat relative weight (Pnon-linearity < 0.05). The maximum BMG, FI, and the relative weight of carcass, breast, and leg would be achieved with 1200, 1100, 900, 800, and 800 ppb of Cr, respectively, while the lowest FCR and abdominal fat relative weight might be obtained with the supplementation of 1100 and 1000 ppb of Cr, compared with no Cr supplementation. Referring to BMG, supplementation with 1200-1700 ppb inorganic Cr or 2700 ppb or less organic Cr had a significant beneficial effect on the BMG, while NanoCr supplementation did not influence this outcome variable. A non-linear association was observed for blood total cholesterol concentration (TC, Pnon-linearity < 0.05), with the maximum reduction of TC concentration observed at approximately 900 ppb of Cr. The cholesterol-lowering effect of Cr (≤ 2400 ppb) was only found in severe HS conditions. Moreover, supplemental Cr caused a significant linear reduction in the blood triglycerides and glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). The blood concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin increased linearly, and the corticosterone concentration reduced, with increasing supplemental Cr (P < 0.05). There was a non-linear inverse association between Cr supplementation and cortisol level (Pnon-linearity < 0.05), and the lowest concentration of cortisol was observed with the supplementation of 1000 ppb of Cr. Meanwhile, significant positive linear associations between Cr supplementation and bursa percentage, thymus percentage, infectious bronchitis vaccine titer, avian influenza vaccine titer, Newcastle disease vaccine titer, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response, and serum immunoglobulin G level were found (P < 0.05). However, Cr supplementation caused a linear reduction in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the recommended optimum amount of supplemental Cr is 1100 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alihossein Piray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saheb Foroutanifar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zhang R, Zhang H, Liu J, Zeng X, Wu Y, Yang C. Rhamnolipids enhance growth performance by improving the immunity, intestinal barrier function, and metabolome composition in broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:908-919. [PMID: 34235749 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhamnolipids (RLS), well known as glycolipid biosurfactants, display low toxicity, high biodegradability, and strong antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of RLS supplementation as a substitute for antibiotics, and particularly to evaluate its effects on growth performance, immunity, intestinal barrier function, and metabolome composition in broilers. RESULTS The RLS treatment improved the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in broilers. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the genus Alistipes was the dominant genus in broilers treated by RLS. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomic analysis indicated that the sphingolipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, the gycerophospholipid metabolism, and the tryptophan metabolism were changed in broilers that were treated with RLS. CONCLUSION l-Tryptophan may be the medium for RLS to regulate the growth and physiological metabolism. Rhamnolipids can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics, with similar functions to antibiotics in the diet of broilers. The optimal level of supplemented RLS in the diet was 1000 mg kg-1 . © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Xinfu Zeng
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Nath B, Morla S, Kumar S. Reverse Genetics and Its Usage in the Development of Vaccine Against Poultry Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2411:77-92. [PMID: 34816399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective and economic way of combating poultry viruses. However, the use of traditional live-attenuated poultry vaccines has problems such as antigenic differences with the currently circulating strains of viruses and the risk of reversion to virulence. In veterinary medicine, reverse genetics is applied to solve these problems by developing genotype-matched vaccines, better attenuated and effective live vaccines, broad-spectrum vaccine vectors, bivalent vaccines, and genetically tagged recombinant vaccines that facilitate the serological differentiation of vaccinated animals from infected animals. In this chapter, we discuss reverse genetics as a tool for the development of recombinant vaccines against economically devastating poultry viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Nath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Zamani K, Irajian G, Zahedi Bialvaei A, Zahraei Salehi T, Khormali M, Vosough A, Masjedian Jazi F. Passive immunization with anti- chimeric protein PilQ/PilA -DSL region IgY does not protect against mortality associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in a rabbit model. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:258-264. [PMID: 34896925 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis is associated with unacceptably high mortality and, for many of those who survive, long-term morbidity. The aims of this study were to production of IgY against chimeric protein pilQ-pilA-DSL region and killed- whole cell Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1 (PAO1) strain and their efficacy for immunoprophylaxis of sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa in a rabbit model. METHODS Specific IgY was obtained by immunization of hens. The purity of IgY was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The effect of IgY on growth and hydrophobicity of P. aeruginosa were performed through time-kill assay and microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test (MATH), respectively. The efficacy of specific IgYs was examined against P. aeruginosa sepsis in a rabbit model. The rabbits were monitored for 72 h to record physiological characters and survival. Hematologic factors, C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial count from blood and solid organs were measured, periodically. RESULTS We found that the growth inhibitory effect of the anti- killed whole cell IgY was higher than anti-pilQ-pilA IgY (P < 0.001). The hydrophobicity effect of PAO1 increased when bacteria were opsonized by anti- killed whole cell IgY while the hydrophobicity activity was decreased following incubation of PAO1 with anti-pilQ-pilA IgY in a broth medium (P < 0.001). Following intravenous (IV) administration of produced IgYs, no significant difference was observed in the survival, decrease in inflammatory mediators and clinical symptoms between the groups 48h post infection (P > 0.05). Moreover, no considerable decrease was observed in the bacterial load of blood, lungs and kidneys in rabbits treated with specific IgYs and control groups (P > 0.05). No bacteria were found in the spleen and liver samples from infected rabbits. CONCLUSION Although produced IgYs had a good immunoreactivity, IV immunization of IgYs was not protective against P. aeruginosa sepsis in the rabbit model. Further studies are needed to assess the immune response and decreasing mortality rate using the rabbit sepsis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Zahedi Bialvaei
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohmood Khormali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Araz Vosough
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ren Z, Yu R, Meng Z, Sun M, Huang Y, Xu T, Guo Q, Qin T. Spiky titanium dioxide nanoparticles-loaded Plantaginis Semen polysaccharide as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:1096-1104. [PMID: 34610351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare spiky titanium dioxide nanoparticles-loaded Plantaginis Semen polysaccharide (SN-TiO2-PSP), and the structural characterization and immune response of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine in Hetian chickens were investigated. The structural characterization of SN-TiO2-PSP was analyzed by FT-IR, TEM, and TGA analysis. And the immune organs indexes, lymphocytes proliferation, specific antibody levels, and ratios of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were studied. Structural characterization results showed that SN-TiO2-PSP has a typical polysaccharide absorption peak and good stability. The SN-TiO2-PSP's shape was similar to sea urchin, and its zeta potential and particle size were 27.56 mV and 976.11 nm, respectively. In vivo results showed that SN-TiO2-PSP could enhance the proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes, specific antibody levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes ratios, IL-4 and INF-γ levels in Hetian chickens vaccinated with ILT vaccine on D7, D14, D21, and D28. In addition, SN-TiO2-PSP not only enhanced the indexes of immune organs but also promoted the development of immune organs. Therefore, SN-TiO2-PSP has immune adjuvant activity and may become a new potential immune adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Mengke Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongyuan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ting Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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Shanmugasundaram R, Acevedo K, Mortada M, Akerele G, Applegate TJ, Kogut MH, Selvaraj RK. Effects of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Heidelberg on host CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell suppressive immune responses in chickens. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260280. [PMID: 34843525 PMCID: PMC8629318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry infected with Salmonella mount an immune response initially, however the immune responses eventually disappear leading the bird to be a carrier of Salmonella. The hypothesis of this study is that Salmonella infection induces T regulatory cell numbers and cytokine production and suppress host T cells locally in the gut to escape the host immune responses. An experiment was conducted to comparatively analyze the effect of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and S. enterica ser. Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) infection on CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell properties in chickens. A total of 144 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into three experimental groups of non-infected control, S. Enteritidis infected and S. Heidelberg infected groups. Chickens were orally inoculated with PBS (control) or 5x106 CFU/mL of either S. Enteritidis or S. Heidelberg at 3 d of age. Each group was replicated in six pens with eight chickens per pen. Chickens infected with S. Enteritidis had 6.2, 5.4, and 3.8 log10 CFU/g, and chickens infected with S. Heidelberg had 7.1, 4.8, and 4.1 log10 CFU/g Salmonella in the cecal contents at 4, 11, and 32 dpi, respectively. Both S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg were recovered from the liver and spleen 4 dpi. At 4, 11, and 32 dpi, chickens infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg had increased CD4+CD25+ cell numbers as well as IL-10 mRNA transcription of CD4+CD25+ cells compared to that in the control group. CD4+CD25+ cells from S. Enteritidis- and S. Heidelberg-infected chickens and restimulated with 1 μg antigen in vitro, had higher (P < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA transcription than the CD4+CD25+ cells from the non-infected controls Though at 4dpi, chickens infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in CD4+CD25- IL-2, IL-1β, and IFNγ mRNA transcription, the CD4+CD25- IL-2, IL-1β, and IFNγ mRNA transcription, were comparable to that in the control group at 11 and 32dpi identifying that the host inflammatory response against Salmonella disappears at 11 dpi. It can be concluded that S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg infection at 3 d of age induces a persistent infection through inducing CD4+CD25+ cells and altering the IL-10 mRNA transcription of CD4+CD25+ cell numbers and cytokine production in chickens between 3 to 32 dpi allowing chickens to become asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella after 18 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keila Acevedo
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohamad Mortada
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Akerele
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Applegate
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS, Plains Area, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Jastrzębski JP, Grzybek M, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV. Viruses 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34960643 PMCID: PMC8708055 DOI: 10.3390/v13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the "white chicks syndrome" associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV-chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at -70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens' spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Karthikeyan M, Indhuprakash ST, Gopal G, Ambi SV, Krishnan UM, Diraviyam T. Passive immunotherapy using chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against diarrheagenic E. coli: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108381. [PMID: 34810126 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal diarrhea due to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been a major concern in the field of livestock farming leading to a severe loss of domesticated animals. This systematic review aims to analyze medical shreds of evidence available in the literature and to discover the effect of IgY in treatment and protection against E. coli diarrhea. METHODS AND RESULTS Research reports that aimed to evaluate the effect of IgY against E. coli diarrhea were searched and collected from several databases (Science Direct, Springer link, Wiley, T&F). The collected studies were screened based on the inclusion criteria. 19 studies were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk ratios were calculated for the studies and found to be statistically significant to support the therapeutic effect of IgY against E. coli diarrhea but the 95% confidence interval of a majority of studies includes a relative risk of 1. This variability between the effect of IgY in the overall estimate and individual studies accounts due to the presence of methodological heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed the grounds for heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis provide concrete evidence for the favorable effect of IgY as a prophylactic and therapeutic modality against E. coli diarrhea. Yet, more research pieces of evidence with standardized animal studies aimed to utilize IgY against E. coli are vital. Further studies and trials on human subjects could open new perspectives in the application IgY as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunthan Karthikeyan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srichandrasekar Thuthikkadu Indhuprakash
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Gopal
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology and School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumalai Diraviyam
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yang J, Wang J, Huang K, Liu Q, GuofangLiu, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhu M. Selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis yb-114246 improved growth and immunity of broiler chickens through modified ileal bacterial composition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21690. [PMID: 34737359 PMCID: PMC8568892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a Selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) strain was generated and supplemented to broiler chickens' diet, and the impact in ileum bacterial microbiome, immunity and body weight were assessed. In a nutshell, five hundred 1-old old chicken were randomly divided into five groups: control, inorganic Se, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), SEBS, and antibiotic, and colonization with B. subtilis and SEBS in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In summary, Chicks fed SEBS or B. subtilis had higher body weight than the control chicks or those given inorganic Se. SEBS colonized in distal segments of the ileum improved bacterial diversity, reduced the endogenous pathogen burden and increased the number of Lactobacillus sp. in the ileal mucous membrane. Species of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, uncultured Anaerosporobacter, Peptococcus, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and unclassified Butyricicoccus in the ileal mucous membrane played a key role in promoting immunity. Inorganic Se supplementation also improved bacterial composition of ileal mucous membranes, but to a less extent. In conclusion, SEBS improved performance and immunity of broiler chickens through colonization and modulation of the ileal mucous membrane microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - GuofangLiu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Mengling Zhu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Yadav JP, Batra K, Singh Y, Singh M. Comparative evaluation of indirect-ELISA and DOT blot assay for serodetection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae antibodies in poultry. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 189:106317. [PMID: 34474104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian mycoplasmosis, mainly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an economically important disease of the poultry industry. The present study was aimed to develop whole cell based indirect-ELISA (i-ELISA) and DOT blot assay (DOT-ELISA) as rapid, sensitive, specific and economical sero-detection tests for MG and MS. A total of 306 blood samples were collected from birds slaughtered at local meat shops of different districts of Haryana, India to detect MG and MS antibodies. Sonicated antigens prepared from freshly grown culture of MG and MS were used to develop i-ELISA and DOT blot assay. In i-ELISA, 50.32% and 61.76% serum samples were found to be positive for MG and MS antibodies, respectively. However in DOT blot assay, 41.83% and 53.92% serum samples were found positive for MG and MS antibodies, respectively. The relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DOT-ELISA were measured considering i-ELISA as a reference test. The relative diagnostic sensitivity of the DOT blot assay was found to be 69.48% and 82.01%; whereas relative diagnostic specificity was 86.18% and 91.45% for the detection of MG and MS antibodies, respectively. The developed serological assays may be used as rapid and economical diagnostic tools for large scale screening of poultry sera for MG and MS antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Yarvendra Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125 004, India.
| | - Mahavir Singh
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125 004, India
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12
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Ingberman M, Caron LF, Rigo F, Araujo LC, de Almeida MAP, Dal Bérto L, Beirão BCB. Relevance of antibodies against the Chicken Anaemia Virus. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 122:104112. [PMID: 33971216 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chicken Infectious Anaemia (CIA) Virus (CAV) inhibits the function of multiple immune compartments. Mortality due to clinical infection is controlled in broilers by passive immunization derived from vaccinated breeders. Therefore, serological tests are often used in chicks to determine maternally-derived antibodies (MDA). We used a vaccine overdose-induced model of CIA. The model replicated the most common features of the disease. This model was used to determine the role of MDA in the protection of chicks. Hatchlings were tested for anti-CAV titers by ELISA and were sorted into groups based on antibody levels. SPF chicks were used as a no-antibody control. Lower specific antibody levels seemed to facilitate viral entry into the thymus, but viral levels, CD4+ and CD8+ counts, thymus architecture, and haematocrit were preserved by MDA, regardless of its levels. Levels of MDA are not correlated with protection from CIA, but are important for the progression CAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ingberman
- Imunova Análises Biológicas, Curitiba, 80215-182, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Caron
- Imunova Análises Biológicas, Curitiba, 80215-182, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas UFPR, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rigo
- Imunova Análises Biológicas, Curitiba, 80215-182, Brazil
| | - Liliam C Araujo
- Hendrix Genetics, Estr. Mun. Slt-161, Km 08, 53, Salto, 13328-400, Brazil
| | | | | | - Breno Castello Branco Beirão
- Imunova Análises Biológicas, Curitiba, 80215-182, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas UFPR, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil.
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13
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Rozek W, Kwasnik M, Socha W, Sztromwasser P, Rola J. Analysis of Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) Induced by Passages of Equine Influenza Virus H3N8 in Embryonated Chicken Eggs. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081551. [PMID: 34452416 PMCID: PMC8402691 DOI: 10.3390/v13081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. Many manufacturers use embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) for the propagation of vaccine strains. However, the adaptation of viral strains during subsequent passages can lead to additional virus evolution and lower effectiveness of the resulting vaccines. In our study, we analyzed the distribution of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of equine influenza virus (EIV) during passaging in ECE. Viral RNA from passage 0 (nasal swabs), passage 2 and 5 was sequenced using next generation technology. In total, 50 SNVs with an occurrence frequency above 2% were observed, 29 of which resulted in amino acid changes. The highest variability was found in passage 2, with the most variable segment being IV encoding hemagglutinin (HA). Three variants, HA (W222G), PB2 (A377E) and PA (R531K), had clearly increased frequency with the subsequent passages, becoming dominant. None of the five nonsynonymous HA variants directly affected the major antigenic sites; however, S227P was previously reported to influence the antigenicity of EIV. Our results suggest that although host-specific adaptation was observed in low passages of EIV in ECE, it should not pose a significant risk to influenza vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rozek
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.K.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Malgorzata Kwasnik
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.K.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Wojciech Socha
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.K.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Pawel Sztromwasser
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Rola
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.K.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
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14
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Song SJ, Shin GI, Noh J, Lee J, Kim DH, Ryu G, Ahn G, Jeon H, Diao HP, Park Y, Kim MG, Kim WY, Kim YJ, Sohn EJ, Song CS, Hwang I. Plant-based, adjuvant-free, potent multivalent vaccines for avian influenza virus via Lactococcus surface display. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:1505-1520. [PMID: 34051041 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics frequently and unpredictably break out all over the world, and seriously affect the breeding industry and human activity. Inactivated and live attenuated viruses have been used as protective vaccines but exhibit high risks for biosafety. Subunit vaccines enjoy high biosafety and specificity but have a few weak points compared to inactivated virus or live attenuated virus vaccines, especially in low immunogenicity. In this study, we developed a new subunit vaccine platform for a potent, adjuvant-free, and multivalent vaccination. The ectodomains of hemagglutinins (HAs) of influenza viruses were expressed in plants as trimers (tHAs) to mimic their native forms. tHAs in plant extracts were directly used without purification for binding to inactivated Lactococcus (iLact) to produce iLact-tHAs, an antigen-carrying bacteria-like particle (BLP). tHAs BLP showed strong immune responses in mice and chickens without adjuvants. Moreover, simultaneous injection of two different antigens by two different formulas, tHAH5N6 + H9N2 BLP or a combination of tHAH5N6 BLP and tHAH9N2 BLP, led to strong immune responses to both antigens. Based on these results, we propose combinations of plant-based antigen production and BLP-based delivery as a highly potent and cost-effective platform for multivalent vaccination for subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jian Song
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | | | - Jiho Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Deok-Hwan Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Gyeongryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hyungmin Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hai-Ping Diao
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Bioapp, Inc., Pohang Technopark Complex, Pohang, 37668, Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- Bioapp, Inc., Pohang Technopark Complex, Pohang, 37668, Korea
| | - Chang Seon Song
- KCAV Inc., Gwangjin-gu, 05029, Korea
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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15
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Tomczak A, Misiak M, Zielińska-Dawidziak M. Soybean and Lupine Addition in Hen Nutrition-Influence on Egg Immunoreactivity. Molecules 2021; 26:4319. [PMID: 34299594 PMCID: PMC8305273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying hen fodder is a common way of changing eggs composition today. However, there is no information on the effect of the source of protein in the fodder replacement on egg allergenicity. This research aimed to detect potential differences in the immunoreactivity and protein composition of eggs from hens fed with fodder containing legume. The aim of the first step of the study was to select the proper solvent for extracting allergenic proteins from hen eggs. Two of them (containing Tween 20 and Triton 100) were selected, based on protein profile and concentration analysis. Egg-white- and egg-yolk-proteins extracts prepared with them were checked for potential differences, using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and then the Western-blot method, using sera from children allergic to eggs and soy. Preliminary studies on the influence of fodder composition on the composition of egg proteins suggest that the addition of soy and lupine to fodder modifies the expression of egg proteins. The observed differences in the immunoreactivity of proteins contained in hen egg-white samples do not seem to be as significant as the appearance of protein with a molecular weight of ~13 kDa in the yolk of eggs obtained from soybean-fed hens. This protein may increase the immunoreactivity of eggs for children allergic solely to soy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 62-623 Poznań, Poland; (A.T.); (M.M.)
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16
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Gu X, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Z, Feng J, Li J, Pan K, Ni X, Zeng D, Jing B, Zhang D. Effects of Bacillus cereus PAS38 on Immune-Related Differentially Expressed Genes of Spleen in Broilers. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:425-438. [PMID: 31243733 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly explored the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus cereus PAS38 (PB) on broiler spleen. A total of 120 avian white feather broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups (N = 30), as follows: control (CNTL, fed with basal diet), PB (fed with diet supplemented with probiotic B. cereus PAS38), vaccine (VAC, fed with basal diet and injected with Newcastle disease virus vaccine), and vaccine + PB group (PBVAC, fed with basal diet supplemented with B. cereus PAS38 and injected with NDV vaccine). The experiment was conducted for 42 days. Twelve spleens were collected from four different groups, weighed, and cut into histological sections, and transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq. Results of the spleen and histological section relative weights showed that feeding with probiotic B. cereus PAS38 and vaccination had a similar tendency to promote spleen development. Compared with the CNTL group, 21 immune-related genes were significantly downregulated in the PB and PBVAC groups. These genes were mainly involved in attenuating inflammatory response. The upregulated antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin and guanylate-binding protein 1 expression levels indicated that this strain enhanced the body's antimicrobial capacity. B. cereus PAS38 also amplified the broilers' immune response to the vaccine, which mainly reflected on nonspecific immunity. Hence, probiotic B. cereus PAS38 can regulate and promote the immune function of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Vocational College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wengjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Tong ZWM, Karawita AC, Kern C, Zhou H, Sinclair JE, Yan L, Chew KY, Lowther S, Trinidad L, Challagulla A, Schat KA, Baker ML, Short KR. Primary Chicken and Duck Endothelial Cells Display a Differential Response to Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060901. [PMID: 34200798 PMCID: PMC8230508 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in gallinaceous poultry are associated with viral infection of the endothelium, the induction of a ‘cytokine storm, and severe disease. In contrast, in Pekin ducks, HPAIVs are rarely endothelial tropic, and a cytokine storm is not observed. To date, understanding these species-dependent differences in pathogenesis has been hampered by the absence of a pure culture of duck and chicken endothelial cells. Here, we use our recently established in vitro cultures of duck and chicken aortic endothelial cells to investigate species-dependent differences in the response of endothelial cells to HPAIV H5N1 infection. We demonstrate that chicken and duck endothelial cells display a different transcriptional response to HPAI H5N1 infection in vitro—with chickens displaying a more pro-inflammatory response to infection. As similar observations were recorded following in vitro stimulation with the viral mimetic polyI:C, these findings were not specific to an HPAIV H5N1 infection. However, similar species-dependent differences in the transcriptional response to polyI:C were not observed in avian fibroblasts. Taken together, these data demonstrate that chicken and duck endothelial cells display a different response to HPAIV H5N1 infection, and this may help account for the species-dependent differences observed in inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei Marcus Tong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Anjana C. Karawita
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
- CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health, and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong 3219, Australia; (S.L.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Colin Kern
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jane E. Sinclair
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Limin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Keng Yih Chew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Sue Lowther
- CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health, and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong 3219, Australia; (S.L.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Lee Trinidad
- CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health, and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong 3219, Australia; (S.L.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Arjun Challagulla
- CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health, and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong 3219, Australia; (S.L.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Karel A. Schat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health, and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong 3219, Australia; (S.L.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (Z.W.M.T.); (A.C.K.); (J.E.S.); (L.Y.); (K.Y.C.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lee L, Samardzic K, Wallach M, Frumkin LR, Mochly-Rosen D. Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696003. [PMID: 34177963 PMCID: PMC8220206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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19
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Jin X, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 34090326 PMCID: PMC8180125 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date. RESULTS This study established a lifespan model of C. elegans, enabling the preselection of LAB to counter C. jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to C. elegans against C. jejuni. The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of C. jejuni in C. elegans. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of C. elegans was verified using mice and chickens infected with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect C. elegans against C. jejuni. C. elegans provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to C. jejuni on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China.
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20
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Wang Y, Yang F, Yin H, He Q, Lu Y, Zhu Q, Lan X, Zhao X, Li D, Liu Y, Xu H. Chicken interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) can control ALV-J virus infection by triggering type I interferon production through affecting genes related with innate immune signaling pathway. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104026. [PMID: 33497733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to breed new birds with strong disease resistance, it is necessary to first understand the mechanism of avian antiviral response. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is not only a member of type I interferons (IFNs) regulatory factor (IRFs) family, but also a major regulator of the IFN response in mammals. However, whether IRF7 is involved in the host innate immune response remains unclear in poultry, due to the absence of IRF3. Here, we first observed by HE stains that with the increase of the time of ALV-J challenge, the thymus was obviously loose and swollen, the arrangement of liver cell was disordered, and the bursa of fabricius formed vacuolated. Real-time PCR detection showed that the expression level of IRF7 gene and related immune genes in ALV-J group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). To further study the role of chicken IRF7 during avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection, we constructed an induced IRF7 overexpression and interfered chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) cell and performed in vitro infection using low pathogenic ALV-J and virus analog poly(I:C). In ALV-J and poly(I:C) stimulated CEFs cells, the expression level of STAT1, IFN-α, IFN-β, TLR3 and TLR7 were increased after IRF7 overexpressed, while the results were just the opposite after IRF7 interfered, which indicating that IRF7 may be associated with Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that chicken IRF7 is an important regulator of IFN and is involved in chicken anti-ALV-J innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fuling Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qijian He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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21
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Lu M, Panebra A, Kim WH, Lillehoj HS. Characterization of immunological properties of chicken chemokine CC motif ligand 5 using new monoclonal antibodies. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104023. [PMID: 33497732 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CCL5 (formerly RANTES) belongs to the CC (or β) chemokine family and is associated with a plethora of inflammatory disorders and pathologic states. CCL5 is mainly produced and secreted by T cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts and acts as a chemoattractant to recruit effector cells to the inflammation sites. Chicken CCL5 (chCCL5) protein is closely related to avian CCL5 orthologs but distinct from mammalian orthologs, and its modulatory roles in the immune response are largely unknown. The present work was undertaken to characterize the immunological properties of chCCL5 using the new sets of anti-chCCL5 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Eight different mAbs (6E11, 6H1, 8H11, 11G1, 11G11, 12H1, 13D1, and 13G3) were characterized for their specificity and binding ability toward chCCL5. Two (13G3 and 6E11) of them were selected to detect native chCCL5 in chCCL5-specific antigen-capture ELISA. Using 13G3 and 6E11 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, the ELISA system detected serum chCCL5 secretions in Clostridium perfringens- and Eimeria-infected chickens. The intracellular expressions of chCCL5 in primary cells or cell lines derived from chickens were validated in immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry assays using both 13G3 and 6E11 mAbs. Furthermore, 6E11, but not 13G3, neutralized chCCL5-induced chemotaxis in vitro using chicken PBMCs. These molecular characteristics of chCCL5 demonstrate the potential application of anti-chCCL5 mAbs and CCL5-specific antigen-capture detection ELISA for detecting native chCCL5 in biological samples. The availability of these new immunological tools will be valuable for fundamental and applied studies in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Alfredo Panebra
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Woo H Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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22
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Xu J, Cai Y, Ma Z, Jiang B, Liu W, Cheng J, Jin H, Li Y. DEAD/DEAH-box helicase 5 is hijacked by an avian oncogenic herpesvirus to inhibit interferon beta production and promote viral replication. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104048. [PMID: 33609615 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) plays a significant role in tumorigenesis and regulates viral replication of several viruses. An avian oncogenic herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV), is widely known to cause immunosuppression and lymphoma in chickens. However, the underlying mechanisms of how DDX5 plays a role in viral replication remain unclear. In this study, we show that MDV inhibits the production of interferon beta (IFN-β) in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) by increasing the expression level and promoting the nuclear aggregation of DDX5. We further reveal how DDX5 down-regulates melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5/toll-like receptor 3 signaling through the fundamental transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 1. MDV replication is suppressed, and the production of IFN-β is promoted in the DDX5 absented CEFs. Taken together, our investigations demonstrate that MDV inhibits IFN-β production by targeting DDX5-mediated signaling to facilitate viral replication, which offers a novel insight into the mechanism by which an avian oncogenic herpesvirus replicates in chicken cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yunhong Cai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Zhenbang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Huan Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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23
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Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the effects of dietary source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on immune response in broiler chickens, represented by cytotoxic cell activity. A total of 255 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were fed on fish oil (FO)-, flaxseed oil-enriched diets at 50 and 19 g/kg, respectively, in addition to the soybean-based control diet. At slaughter, samples of blood and spleen were harvested from 20 birds/treatment (n = 20). The immune tissues' fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the cytotoxic cell activity was investigated. The results showed that supplementing broiler chickens with diets rich in n-3 PUFA had a substantial effect on the broiler immune tissues' fatty acid profile. Cytotoxic cell activity was significantly higher in splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from broilers fed flaxseed oil than those provided FO and the soybean control diet. These results suggest that flaxseed oil may be used to enrich chickens with n-3 PUFA and improve the immune status of chicken flocks to resist diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Afaf Al-Nasser
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait, Kuwait
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24
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Mwale PF, Lee CH, Huang PN, Tseng SN, Shih SR, Huang HY, Leu SJ, Huang YJ, Chiang LC, Mao YC, Wang WC, Yang YY. In Vitro Characterization of Neutralizing Hen Antibodies to Coxsackievirus A16. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4146. [PMID: 33923724 PMCID: PMC8074035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Children aged <5 years are the most affected by CA16 HFMD globally. Although clinical symptoms of CA16 infections are usually mild, severe complications, such as aseptic meningitis or even death, have been recorded. Currently, no vaccine or antiviral therapy for CA16 infection exists. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies significantly inhibit viral infection and could be a potential treatment for controlling the infection. In this study, scFv phage display libraries were constructed from splenocytes of a laying hen immunized with CA16-infected lysate. The pComb3X vector containing the scFv genes was introduced into ER2738 Escherichia coli and rescued by helper phages to express scFv molecules. After screening with five cycles of bio-panning, an effective scFv antibody showing favorable binding activity to proteins in CA16-infected lysate on ELISA plates was selected. Importantly, the selected scFv clone showed a neutralizing capability against the CA16 virus and cross-reacted with viral proteins in EV71-infected lysate. Intriguingly, polyclonal IgY antibody not only showed binding specificity against proteins in CA16-infected lysate but also showed significant neutralization activities. Nevertheless, IgY-binding protein did not cross-react with proteins in EV71-infected lysate. These results suggest that the IgY- and scFv-binding protein antibodies provide protection against CA16 viral infection in in vitro assays and may be potential candidates for treating CA16 infection in vulnerable young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharaoh Fellow Mwale
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (P.F.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chi-Hsin Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (P.F.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Nien Tseng
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yuan Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300040, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (P.F.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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25
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Tang LP, Li WH, Liu YL, Lun JC, He YM. Heat stress inhibits expression of the cytokines, and NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway in broiler chickens infected with salmonella typhimurium. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102945. [PMID: 34016362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High ambient temperature has potential influence on oxidative stress, or systemic inflammation affecting poultry production and immune status of chickens. Heat stress (HS) induces intestinal inflammation and increases susceptibility of harmful pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Intestinal inflammation is a common result of body immune dysfunction. Therefore, we designed an experiment to analyze the effects of 35 ± 2 °C HS on salmonella infection in chickens through regulation of the immune responses. 40 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, heat stress (HS) group, salmonella typhimurium (ST) group and model group (heat stress + salmonella typhimurium, HS + ST). Birds in HS and model group were treated with 35 ± 2 °C heat stress 6 h a day and for 14 continuous days. Then, ST and model group birds were orally administrated with 1 mL ST inoculum (109 cfu/mL). Chickens were sacrificed at the 4th day after ST administration and ileum tissues were measured. We observed that heat stress decreased ileum TNF-α and IL-1β protein expressions. Concomitantly heat stress decreased NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein levels. The protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65 and p-IκB-α in ileum. Heat stress also inhibited IFN-α, p-IRF3 and p-TBK1, showing a deficiency in the HS + ST group birds. Together, the present data suggested that heat stress suppressed intestinal immune activity in chickens infected by salmonella typhimurium, as observed by the decrease of immune cytokines levels, which regulated by NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yi-Lei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jian-Chi Lun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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26
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Alizadeh M, Bavananthasivam J, Shojadoost B, Astill J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Alqazlan N, Boodhoo N, Shoja Doost J, Sharif S. In Ovo and Oral Administration of Probiotic Lactobacilli Modulate Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses in Newly Hatched Chicks. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664387. [PMID: 33912191 PMCID: PMC8072127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is some evidence that lactobacilli can strengthen the immune system of chickens. This study evaluated the effects of in ovo and oral administration of a lactobacilli cocktail on cytokine gene expression, antibody-mediated immune responses, and spleen cellularity in chickens. Lactobacilli were administered either in ovo at embryonic day 18, orally at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-hatches, or a combination of both in ovo and post-hatch inoculation. On day 5 and 10 post-hatch, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were collected for gene expression and cell composition analysis. On days 14 and 21 post-hatch, birds were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and sera were collected on days 7, 14, and 21 post-primary immunization. Birds that received lactobacilli (107 CFU) via in ovo followed by weekly oral administration showed a greater immune response by enhancing antibody responses, increasing the percentage of CD4+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in the spleen and upregulating the expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-13, and IL-18 in the spleen and expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18 in the bursa. These findings suggest that pre-and post-hatch administration of lactobacilli can modulate the immune response in newly hatched chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine & McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Quality Control Department, Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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27
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Memon FU, Yang Y, Leghari IH, Lv F, Soliman AM, Zhang W, Si H. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Ameliorative Effects of Bacillus Based Probiotic on Immunity, Gut Barrier System, and Metabolism of Chicken under an Experimentally Induced Eimeria tenella Infection. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040536. [PMID: 33917156 PMCID: PMC8067821 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis in the cecum tissues of negative control untreated non-challenged (NC), positive control untreated challenged (PC), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) fed challenged chickens (BS + ET) in order to examine the underlying potential therapeutic mechanisms of Bacillus based probiotic feeding under an experimental Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection. Our results for clinical parameters showed that birds in probiotic diet decreased the bloody diarrhea scores, oocyst shedding, and lesion scores compared to positive control birds. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that in total, 2509 up-regulated and 2465 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the PC group versus NC group comparison. In the comparison of BS + ET group versus PC group, a total of 784 up-regulated and 493 down-regulated DEGs were found. Among them, several DEGs encoding proteins involved in immunity, gut barrier integrity, homeostasis, and metabolism were up-regulated by the treatment of probiotic. Functional analysis of DEGs also revealed that some gene ontology (GO) terms related with immunity, metabolism and cellular development were significantly affected by the exposure of probiotic. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs in the cecum of B. subtilis-fed challenged group were mainly participated in the pathways related with immunity and gut barrier integrity, included mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, tight junction, and so on. Taken together, these results suggest that Bacillus based probiotic modulate the immunity, maintain gut homeostasis as well as barrier system and improve chicken metabolism during E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Uddin Memon
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Imdad Hussain Leghari
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Feifei Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Agricultural Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.); (Y.Y.); (F.L.); (A.M.S.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Halabi S, Ghosh M, Stevanović S, Rammensee HG, Bertzbach LD, Kaufer BB, Moncrieffe MC, Kaspers B, Härtle S, Kaufman J. The dominantly expressed class II molecule from a resistant MHC haplotype presents only a few Marek's disease virus peptides by using an unprecedented binding motif. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001057. [PMID: 33901176 PMCID: PMC8101999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases pose major threats to humans and other animals, including the billions of chickens that are an important food source as well as a public health concern due to zoonotic pathogens. Unlike humans and other typical mammals, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of chickens can confer decisive resistance or susceptibility to many viral diseases. An iconic example is Marek's disease, caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus with over 100 genes. Classical MHC class I and class II molecules present antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes, and it has been hard to understand how such MHC molecules could be involved in susceptibility to Marek's disease, given the potential number of peptides from over 100 genes. We used a new in vitro infection system and immunopeptidomics to determine peptide motifs for the 2 class II molecules expressed by the MHC haplotype B2, which is known to confer resistance to Marek's disease. Surprisingly, we found that the vast majority of viral peptide epitopes presented by chicken class II molecules arise from only 4 viral genes, nearly all having the peptide motif for BL2*02, the dominantly expressed class II molecule in chickens. We expressed BL2*02 linked to several Marek's disease virus (MDV) peptides and determined one X-ray crystal structure, showing how a single small amino acid in the binding site causes a crinkle in the peptide, leading to a core binding peptide of 10 amino acids, compared to the 9 amino acids in all other reported class II molecules. The limited number of potential T cell epitopes from such a complex virus can explain the differential MHC-determined resistance to MDV, but raises questions of mechanism and opportunities for vaccine targets in this important food species, as well as providing a basis for understanding class II molecules in other species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Halabi
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ghosh
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Kaspers
- Ludwig Maximillians University, Veterinary Faculty, Planegg, Germany
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Ludwig Maximillians University, Veterinary Faculty, Planegg, Germany
| | - Jim Kaufman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hollemans MS, de Vries Reilingh G, de Vries S, Parmentier HK, Lammers A. Effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on antibody levels in early and later life of broiler chickens. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 117:103954. [PMID: 33309542 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune maturation of broiler chickens may be affected by management, such as early life feeding strategy (early versus delayed nutrition) or by low or high sanitary conditions (LSC versus HSC). We compared systemic maternal (MAb), natural (NAb), natural auto- (NAAb), and antigen specific antibody (SpAb) levels (IgM, IgY) between broilers (n = 48 per treatment) that received early (EN) or delayed nutrition for 72 h (DN) housed in either low (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) between 7 and 35 d of age. We found minimal interactions between feeding strategy and sanitary conditions. At 7 d of age, broilers receiving EN compared with DN, had elevated levels of IgM binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), phosphoryl-conjugated ovalbumin (PC-OVA), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), whereas effects of feeding strategy diminished at later ages. In LSC compared with HSC broilers, levels of NAb agglutinating RRBC and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were already elevated from 14 d of age onwards. At 33 d of age, antibody levels (NAb, NAAb, anti-LPS, anti-MDP) were all elevated in LSC, compared with HSC broilers, for both IgM and IgY, but not IgM against KLH. Western blotting revealed different binding patterns of NAAb against chicken liver homogenate, which may indicate that the NAAb repertoire is affected by antigenic pressure. Our data suggest that antibody levels are affected for an important part by environmental conditions (feeding strategy and sanitary conditions), but minimally by their interaction. However, it remains to be further studied whether the enhanced levels of antibodies as initiated by EN and LSC contribute to enhanced resistance to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hollemans
- Coppens Diervoeding B.V, PO Box 79, NL-5700AB, Helmond, the Netherlands; Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - G de Vries Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S de Vries
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Otiang E, Thumbi SM, Campbell ZA, Njagi LW, Nyaga PN, Palmer GH. Impact of routine Newcastle disease vaccination on chicken flock size in smallholder farms in western Kenya. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248596. [PMID: 33735266 PMCID: PMC7971550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry represent a widely held economic, nutritional, and sociocultural asset in rural communities worldwide. In a recent longitudinal study in western Kenya, the reported mean number of chickens per household was 10, with increases in flock size constrained principally by mortality. Newcastle disease virus is a major cause of chicken mortality globally and hypothesized to be responsible for a large part of mortality in smallholder flocks. Our goal was to determine the impact of routine Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination on flock size and use this data to guide programs to improve small flock productivity. Methods We conducted a factorial randomized controlled trial in 537 households: in 254 households all chickens were vaccinated every 3 months with I-2 NDV vaccine while chickens in 283 households served as unvaccinated controls. In both arms of the trial, all chickens were treated with endo- and ecto parasiticides every 3 months. Data on household chicken numbers and reported gains and losses were collected monthly for 18 months. Results Consistent with prior studies, the overall flock size was small but with increases in both arms of the study over time. The mean number of chickens owned at monthly census was 13.06±0.29 in the vaccinated households versus 12.06±0.20 in the control households (p = 0.0026) with significant gains in number of chicks (p = 0.06), growers (p = 0.09), and adults (p = 0.03) in the vaccinated flocks versus the controls. Household reported gains were 4.50±0.12 total chickens per month when vaccinated versus 4.15±0.11 in the non-vaccinated controls (p = 0.03). Gains were balanced by voluntary decreases, reflecting household decision-making for sales or household consumption, which were marginally higher, but not statistically significant, in vaccinated households and by involuntary losses, including mortality and loss due to predation, which were marginally higher in control households. Conclusion Quarterly NDV vaccination and parasiticidal treatment resulted in an increase in flock size by a mean of one bird per household as compared to households where the flock received only parasiticidal treatment. While results suggest that the preventable fraction of mortality attributable to Newcastle disease is comparatively small relatively to all-cause mortality in smallholder households, there was a significant benefit to vaccination in terms of flock size. Comparison with previous flock sizes in the study households indicate a more significant benefit from the combined vaccination and parasiticidal treatment, supporting a comprehensive approach to improving flock health and improving household benefits of production in the smallholder setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkanah Otiang
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel M. Thumbi
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Lucy W. Njagi
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philip N. Nyaga
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guy H. Palmer
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
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Riahi I, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Ramos AJ, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E, Schulthess J, Marquis V. Biomarkers of Deoxynivalenol Toxicity in Chickens with Special Emphasis on Metabolic and Welfare Parameters. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:217. [PMID: 33803037 PMCID: PMC8002947 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is the most widespread mycotoxin in poultry feed worldwide. Long term-exposure from low to moderate DON concentrations can produce alteration in growth performance and impairment of the health status of birds. To evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying agent alleviating the toxic effects of DON, the most relevant biomarkers of toxicity of DON in chickens should be firstly determined. The specific biomarker of exposure of DON in chickens is DON-3 sulphate found in different biological matrices (plasma and excreta). Regarding the nonspecific biomarkers called also biomarkers of effect, the most relevant ones are the impairment of the productive parameters, the intestinal morphology (reduction of villus height) and the enlargement of the gizzard. Moreover, the biomarkers of effect related to physiology (decrease of blood proteins, triglycerides, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes and the increase of alanine transaminase (ALT)), immunity (response to common vaccines and release of some proinflammatory cytokines) and welfare status of the birds (such as the increase of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the stress index), has been reported. This review highlights the available information regarding both types of biomarkers of DON toxicity in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Riahi
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA Mas Bové), 43120 Constanti, Spain; (A.M.P.-V.); (J.B.); (E.E.-G.)
| | - Anna Maria Pérez-Vendrell
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA Mas Bové), 43120 Constanti, Spain; (A.M.P.-V.); (J.B.); (E.E.-G.)
| | - Antonio J. Ramos
- Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Joaquim Brufau
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA Mas Bové), 43120 Constanti, Spain; (A.M.P.-V.); (J.B.); (E.E.-G.)
| | - Enric Esteve-Garcia
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA Mas Bové), 43120 Constanti, Spain; (A.M.P.-V.); (J.B.); (E.E.-G.)
| | - Julie Schulthess
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 137 Rue Gabriel Péri, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, France; (J.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginie Marquis
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 137 Rue Gabriel Péri, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, France; (J.S.); (V.M.)
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Mortada M, Cosby DE, Akerele G, Ramadan N, Oxford J, Shanmugasundaram R, Ng TT, Selvaraj RK. Characterizing the immune response of chickens to Campylobacter jejuni (Strain A74C). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247080. [PMID: 33720955 PMCID: PMC7959354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the major foodborne pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The immune response of broiler chickens to C. jejuni is under-researched. This study aimed to characterize the immune response of chickens to Campylobacter jejuni colonization. Birds were challenged orally with 0.5 mL of 2.4 x 108 CFU/mL of Campylobacter jejuni or with 0.5 mL of 0.85% saline. Campylobacter jejuni persisted in the ceca of challenged birds with cecal colonization reaching 4.9 log10 CFU/g on 21 dpi. Campylobacter was disseminated to the spleen and liver on 7 dpi and was cleared on 21 dpi from both internal organs. Challenged birds had a significant increase in anti-Campylobacter serum IgY (14&21 dpi) and bile IgA (14 dpi). At 3 dpi, there was a significant suppression in T-lymphocytes derived from the cecal tonsils of birds in the challenge treatment when compared to the control treatment after 72 h of ex vivo stimulation with Con A or C. jejuni. The T-cell suppression on 3 dpi was accompanied by a significant decrease in LITAF, K60, CLAU-2, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-6 mRNA levels in the ceca and an increase in nitric oxide production from adherent splenocytes of challenged birds. In addition, on 3 dpi, there was a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the challenge treatment. On 14 dpi, both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in the spleen, and a significant increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes in Campylobacter-challenged birds’ ceca was observed. The persistence of C. jejuni in the ceca of challenged birds on 21 dpi was accompanied by an increase in IL-10 and LITAF mRNA levels, an increase in MNC proliferation when stimulated ex-vivo with the diluted C. jejuni, an increase in serum specific IgY antibodies, an increase in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and a decrease in CD4+:CD8+ cell ratio. The balanced Th1 and Th2 immune responses against C. jejuni might explain the ceca’s bacterial colonization and the absence of pathology in Campylobacter-challenged birds. Future studies on T lymphocyte subpopulations should elucidate a pivotal role in the persistence of Campylobacter in the ceca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mortada
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Cosby
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Akerele
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nour Ramadan
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jarred Oxford
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Theros T. Ng
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Han C, Wang X, Zhang D, Wei Y, Cui Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Synergistic use of florfenicol and Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide can enhance immune responses in broilers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111825. [PMID: 33412284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of florfenicol (FFC) combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMPs) on immune function of Broilers. One hundred and twenty-one-day-old chicks were chosen and divided into 6 groups. The group A received standard basal diet only, the group B received a basal diet with FFC (0.15 g/L diet), and the group C, D, E received a basal diet with FFC (0.15 g/L diet) and SMPs (1.25 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L diet),the group F received a basal diet with SMPs (5 g/L diet). FFC can significantly inhibit the growth performance of broilers, but has no significant damage to the immune function of broilers. The combination of FFC and SMPs can improve the growth performance of broilers, increase the number of leukocyte subtypes in blood (P < 0.05), increase the number of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) antibodies in blood, the number of immunoglobulins, and the content of cytokines (P < 0.05). In addition, it significantly improve the lymphocyte conversion rate of broiler peripheral blood (P < 0.05). So that, synergistic use of FFC and SMPs can enhance immune responses in Broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding 071001, China.
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Lagler J, Schmidt S, Mitra T, Stadler M, Grafl B, Hatfaludi T, Hess M, Gerner W, Liebhart D. Comparative investigation of IFN-γ-producing T cells in chickens and turkeys following vaccination and infection with the extracellular parasite Histomonas meleagridis. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103949. [PMID: 33253751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The re-emerging disease histomonosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis that affects chickens and turkeys. Previously, protection by vaccination with in vitro attenuated H. meleagridis has been demonstrated and an involvement of T cells, potentially by IFN-γ production, was hypothesized. However, comparative studies between chickens and turkeys on H. meleagridis-specific T cells were not conducted yet. This work investigated IFN-γ production within CD4+, CD8α+ and TCRγδ+ (chicken) or CD3ε+CD4-CD8α- (turkey) T cells of spleen and liver from vaccinated and/or infected birds using clonal cultures of a monoxenic H. meleagridis strain. In infected chickens, re-stimulated splenocytes showed a significant increase of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells. Contrariwise, significant increments of IFN-γ-producing cells within all major T-cell subsets of the spleen and liver were found for vaccinated/infected turkeys. This indicates that the vaccine in turkeys causes more intense systemic immune responses whereas in chickens protection might be mainly driven by local immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lagler
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Selma Schmidt
- Institute of Immunology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tamas Hatfaludi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Jiang A, Zhang Y, Wu D, Li S, Liu Z, Yang Z, Wei Z. Sodium molybdate induces heterophil extracellular traps formation in chicken. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111886. [PMID: 33421725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is not only an important rare metal that is widely used in industrial production but also an essential trace element for plants and animals. Nevertheless, in Mo polluted areas, excess Mo intake will not only cause gout in humans but also cause diarrhea in livestock and growth inhibition of chickens. Heterophils extracellular traps (HETs) are an important way to clear pathogens in the innate immune system of the chicken. However, the effects of Mo on the innate immune responses of HETs formation in chicken, and the mechanism undergoing this phenomenon remain unknown. In the study, we firstly aim to investigate the effects of sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) on chicken HETs formation in vitro, and further to explore its related metabolic requirements and molecular mechanisms. Chicken heterophils were cultured with Na2MoO4, and Na2MoO4-induced HETs structures were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, Na2MoO4-induced HETs were quantified by Quant-iT PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay kits and fluorescence microplate. It has been shown that Na2MoO4 truly triggered HETs-like structures that were composed of DNA decorated with citrullinated histone 3 (citH3) and elastase. The inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly reduced Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. Further experiments on energy metabolism involving Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation showed that Na2MoO4-induced HETs release was relevant to glucose, and the inhibitors of glycolysis including 3PO, AZD23766 and 3-Bromopyuvic acid, the inhibitors of glucose transport including STF31 and Ritonavir and NSC23766 significantly decreased Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. In summary, these results demonstrate that Mo does induce chicken HETs formation in vitro, and the formation of HETs is a process relying on glucose transport 1 (GLUT1),glucose transport 4 (GLUT4), glycolysis, and ROS production depended on the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, which also reflects the early innate immune responses of chicken against excessive molybdenum intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuangqiu Li
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China.
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Hong Y, Lee J, Vu TH, Lee S, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Exosomes of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chicken macrophages modulate immune response through the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 115:103908. [PMID: 33115603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-extracellular vesicles produced from multivesicular bodies and play a role in cell-to-cell signaling. Exosomes from immune cells can regulate immune responses of recipient cells by releasing their contents. In the immune system, macrophages recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of gram-negative bacteria by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and intracellular pathways, such as NF-κB pathway, are activated, inducing proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, no studies have investigated the functions of exosomes in chicken macrophages. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the immunoregulatory functions of LPS-activated exosomes in chicken immune systems. Therefore, chicken macrophages cells (HD11) were activated with LPS, and exosomes were purified. The LPS-activated exosomes enhanced the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-4, CCL4, CCL17, and CCL19, in naive chicken macrophages. Furthermore, LPS-activated exosomes induced the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, as an immune response against gram-negative bacterial infection, LPS-activated chicken macrophages can release exosomes that are delivered to inactivated macrophages by regulating the expression of immune-related genes and the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the future, LPS-stimulated exosomes may be utilized as an immune stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Paul SS, Vantharam Venkata HGR, Raju MV, Rama Rao SV, Nori SS, Suryanarayan S, Kumar V, Perveen Z, Prasad CS. Dietary supplementation of extracts of red sea weed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) improves growth, intestinal morphology, expression of intestinal genes and immune responses in broiler chickens. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:997-1008. [PMID: 32761828 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of supplementation of dried alkaline (referred to as MVP1) and aqueous (referred to as PBD1) extracts of Kappaphycus alvarezii, were evaluated in broiler (Vencobb 400) chickens (1-35 days post-hatch). In experiment I, each of the seven diets (basal diet with three levels (0.5, 1.5 or 5.0 g kg-1 diet) of MVP1 or PBD1 and a negative control was fed to 12 pen replicates containing five birds in each. In experiment II, each of three diets [a negative control, and PBD1 at two levels (1.0 or 1.5 g kg-1 diet)] was fed to 16 pen replicates of five chicks in each. RESULTS Concentrations of total phenolics, phycobillins and free radical scavenging activity were higher (P < 0.01) whereas carrageenan was lower in PBD1 than in MVP1. In the experiment I, PBD1 at 1.5 g kg-1 diet improved (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) (7.11% higher). In the experiment II, both the treatments improved (P < 0.01) BW (9.18% and 8.47%, respectively) compared to the control. The group fed with PBD1@ 1.0 g kg-1 had higher (P < 0.05) haemagglutination inhibition titre, expression of intestinal claudin 2, TLR2A, NOD1, avian beta defensin 4, interleukin 2 and interleukin 6 genes than control. Treatments did not influence feed efficiency or levels of most of the antioxidant enzymes. Villus width and crypt depth were significantly higher in the group fed with 1.5 g kg-1 of PBD1. CONCLUSION Supplementing dried aqueous extract of K. alvarezii at 1 g kg-1 diet may be an effective strategy to increase growth and immunity in broiler chickens. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sri Sailaja Nori
- Sea6 Energy Pvt Ltd, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Shrikumar Suryanarayan
- Sea6 Energy Pvt Ltd, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Zeba Perveen
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Cadaba Srinivas Prasad
- Sea6 Energy Pvt Ltd, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS TIFR, Bangalore, India
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García C, Soriano JM, Cortés V, Sevilla-Navarro S, Marin C, Balaguer JL, Catalá-Gregori P. Monitoring serologic response to single in ovo vaccination with an immune complex vaccine against infectious bursal disease in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100999. [PMID: 33610895 PMCID: PMC7905475 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus is one of the most resistant and prevalent virus worldwide in the poultry industry, being vaccination the main tool to control the disease. For this reason, consistent and uniform immunization of broiler flocks against IBD is necessary to avoid the disease spreading. The aim of this study was to apply and assess an epidemiologic mapping tool focused on the immunization by in ovo single broiler vaccination using an immune complex IBD vaccine. With this regard, 7,576 serum samples were collected from 603 broiler flocks raised in 354 Spanish farms. To do so, blood samples were randomly collected from birds with ages between 35 to 51 d, and the serum was analyzed by ELISA. The results obtained from this study suggested a high uniform immunization against IBDV and a protective immunization between 35 and 51 d of age, with mean titer values ranging between 6,331 and 7,426. In addition, seroprevalence titer data of this large-scale monitoring study fitted a polynomial equation with a R2 value of 0.77, helping to explain and predict the humoral response to IBD vaccination. This seroprevalence map was applied to broiler production and was based on business intelligence tool that incorporates newly developed mapping tool to cover the need of having real-time information of humoral response to IBD vaccination and could be an effective tool for veterinary services to control and prevent IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García
- Center for Poultry Quality and Animal Feeding of the Valencian Community (CECAV), Castellón, Spain.
| | - J M Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Cortés
- Center for Poultry Quality and Animal Feeding of the Valencian Community (CECAV), Castellón, Spain
| | - S Sevilla-Navarro
- Center for Poultry Quality and Animal Feeding of the Valencian Community (CECAV), Castellón, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - C Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - J L Balaguer
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Moncada, Spain
| | - P Catalá-Gregori
- Center for Poultry Quality and Animal Feeding of the Valencian Community (CECAV), Castellón, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
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Huang X, Liu W, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang M, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X, Xu Y, Li Y, Tang L. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus-induced immune injury is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines imbalance in the bursa of fabricius. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103839. [PMID: 32898577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) can cause a highly contagious disease in young chickens, resulting in bursal necrosis that causes severe damage to the immune system. The effects of various IBDV strains on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) have been extensively studied; however, few studies have investigated the effects of IBDV strain LJ-5, a newly discovered very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), infection on young chicken BF. In this study, three-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with vvIBDV for one to five days. LJ-5 decreased the bursa index, B lymphocyte viability and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, including IgM and IgA in the bursa and IgY in the sera. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis and depletion of the lymphoid cells and complete loss of bursal architecture in the BF, and transmission electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial vacuoles, cristae breaks, and nuclear damage in vvIBDV-infected bursa tissue. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive nuclei significantly increased following IBDV infection. Cytokine levels increased in the bursa after IBDV infection, promoting inflammation and causing an inflammatory imbalance. Apoptotic gene expression confirmed that vvIBDV infection promotes the apoptosis of bursal cells. These results suggest that vvIBDV infection attenuate immune responses by reducing B lymphocyte activity of secretion Ig in the bursa or sera and triggers inflammation, apoptosis, and an imbalance of inflammatory cytokines in the BF, resulting in immune injury in SPF chickens, which offered basic data for further study of vvIBDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zengsu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, PR China.
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40
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Verwoolde MB, van den Biggelaar RHGA, de Vries Reilingh G, Arts JAJ, van Baal J, Lammers A, Jansen CA. Innate immune training and metabolic reprogramming in primary monocytes of broiler and laying hens. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103811. [PMID: 32750399 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported trained innate immunity in laying chicken monocytes. In the present study, we further investigated trained innate immunity of monocytes in layers and broilers. Monocytes of both breeds isolated from blood were trained in vitro with β-glucan, rec-chicken IL-4 or a combination of both, and restimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), after which inflammation and metabolism-related responses were measured. Training of laying and broiler hen monocytes resulted in increased mRNA levels of IL-1β, iNOS and HIF-1α, but enhanced surface expression of CD40 and NO production was only observed in layers. Our in vitro study demonstrates that monocytes from different genetic backgrounds can be trained. However, the observed differences suggest a differential effect on immune functionality associated with innate training. Whether these differences in immune functions between layers and broilers have effect on disease resistance remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel B Verwoolde
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robin H G A van den Biggelaar
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ger de Vries Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop A J Arts
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen van Baal
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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41
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Hu W, Zhang W, Shah SWA, Ishfaq M, Li J. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection triggered histopathological changes, oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus and spleen. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103832. [PMID: 32805307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies mainly focused on the inflammatory responses caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in the chicken respiratory mucosa, setting the stage for chronic infection and disease manifestation. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Spleen and thymus are important immune organs, which play a critical role in eliciting protective immune responses to ensure healing process and elimination of harmful stimuli. In the present study, the effects of MG infection on chicken spleen and thymus were investigated. The results showed that MG infection reduced antioxidant activities and induced oxidative stress in the spleen and thymus tissues. Histological examination showed normal morphology of chicken spleen and thymus in control group compared to MG infection group. In contrast, increased number of necrotic and nuclear debris, lymphocytolysis, prominent reticuloepithelial cells and loose arrangement of cells in the spleen and thymus were seen in MG-infected chickens. Ultrastructural analysis indicated nuclear and mitochondrial damage including mitochondrial swelling, deformation of nuclear membrane and congestion of chromatin material in MG infection group. The mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes were significantly upregulated in the spleen and thymus of MG-infected chickens compared to control group. Moreover, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay results suggested that MG infection increased the number of positive-stained nuclei in the spleen and thymus. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen and thymus were altered by MG infection. In summary, these results showed that MG induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, which could be the possible causes associated with the immune damage, structural impairment and disease pathogenesis of MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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42
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Meijerink N, van Haarlem DA, Velkers FC, Stegeman AJ, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. Analysis of chicken intestinal natural killer cells, a major IEL subset during embryonic and early life. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103857. [PMID: 32891731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Restrictions on antimicrobials demand alternative strategies to improve broiler health, such as supplying feed additives which stimulate innate immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells. The main objective of this study was to characterize intestinal NK cells in broiler chickens during embryonic and early life and compare these to NK cells in spleen, blood and bone marrow. Also T-cell subsets were determined. The majority of intestinal NK cells expressed IL-2Rα rather than 20E5 and 5C7, and showed low level of activation. Within intestinal NK cells the activation marker CD107 was mostly expressed on IL-2Rα+ cells while in spleen and blood 20E5+ NK cells primarily expressed CD107. High percentages of intestinal CD8αα+, CD8αβ+ and from 2 weeks onward also gamma delta T cells were found. Taken together, we observed several intestinal NK subsets in broiler chickens. Differences in NK subsets were mostly observed between organs, rather than differences over time. Targeting these intestinal NK subsets may be a strategy to improve immune-mediated resistance in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meijerink
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, the Netherlands.
| | - Daphne A van Haarlem
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, the Netherlands.
| | - Francisca C Velkers
- Department Population Health Sciences, Division Farm Animal Health, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Arjan J Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Division Farm Animal Health, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, the Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, the Netherlands.
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Jahejo AR, Jia FJ, Raza SHA, Shah MA, Yin JJ, Ahsan A, Waqas M, Niu S, Ning GB, Zhang D, Khan A, Tian WX. Screening of toll-like receptor signaling pathway-related genes and the response of recombinant glutathione S-transferase A3 protein to thiram induced apoptosis in chicken erythrocytes. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103831. [PMID: 32818608 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of genes related to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway were determined. Group A, B and C fed with basal diet and group D, E and F induced TD by feeding a basal diet containing 100 mg·kg-1 thiram. rGSTA3 protein was injected at 20 μg·kg-1 in group B, E and at 50 μg·kg-1 in C, F. Results suggested that lameness and death of chondrocytes were significant on day 14. TLRs signaling pathway related genes were screened based on the transcriptome enrichment, and validated on qPCR. IL-7, TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MyD88, MHC-II, MDA5 and TRAF6 were significantly (p < 0.05) expressed in group E and F as compared to group D on day 14 and 23. IL-7, MHCII, TRAF6, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR15 determined insignificant in group D compared to group A on day 23. TD occur in an early phase and alleviated in the later period. rGSTA3 protein can prevent apoptosis and repair degraded chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Fa-Jie Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | | | - Mujahid Ali Shah
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Anam Ahsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, District Poonch, 12350, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Guan-Bao Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
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Lee A, Dal Pont GC, Farnell MB, Jarvis S, Battaglia M, Arsenault RJ, Kogut MH. Supplementing chestnut tannins in the broiler diet mediates a metabolic phenotype of the ceca. Poult Sci 2021; 100:47-54. [PMID: 33357706 PMCID: PMC7772675 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demand for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) increases in food animal production, phytobiotic compounds gain popularity because of their ability to mimic the desirable bioactive properties of AGP. Chestnut tannins (ChT) are one of many phytobiotic compounds used as feed additives, particularly in South America, for broilers because of its favorable antimicrobial and growth promotion capabilities. Although studies have observed the microbiological and immunologic effects of ChT, there is a lack of studies evaluating the metabolic function of ChT. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cecal metabolic changes induced by ChT inclusion and how they relate to growth promotion. A total of 200 day-of-hatch broiler chicks were separated into 2 feed treatment groups: control and 1% ChT. The ceca from all the chicks in the treatment groups were collected on day 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 after hatch. The cytokine mRNA quantitative RT-PCR was determined using TaqMan gene expression assays for IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon gamma quantification. The cytokine expression showed highly significant increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 on day 2 and 6, whereas the other proinflammatory cytokines did not have significantly increased expression. The results from the kinome array demonstrated that the ceca from birds fed with 1% ChT had significant (P < 0.05) metabolic alterations based on the number of peptides when compared with the control group across all day tested. The increased expression of IL-6 appeared to be strongly indicative of altered metabolism, whereas the increased expression of IL-10 indicated the regulatory effect against other proinflammatory cytokines other than IL-6. The ChT initiate a metabolic mechanism during the first 10 d in the broiler. For the first time, we show that a phytobiotic product initially modulates metabolism while also potentially supporting growth and feed efficiency downstream. In conclusion, a metabolic phenotype alteration in the ceca of chickens fed ChT may indicate the importance of enhanced broiler gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | | | - Morgan B Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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45
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Li F, Ning H, Duan X, Chen Z, Xu L. Effect of dietary l-arginine of broiler breeder hens on embryonic development, apparent metabolism, and immunity of offspring. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106537. [PMID: 32891986 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplemented l-arginine (l-Arg) in broiler breeder hens' diets on the embryonic development and physiological changes of offspring during the hatching period. A total of 480 35-wk-old healthy female Arbor Acres broiler breeders were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed a corn and soybean meal diet with 6 digestible Arg levels (0.96%, 1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%). After a 10-wk experiment, eggs were collected for incubation. At embryonic day (E) 11 to E21, eggs, embryos, and organs (liver, breast muscle, and thigh muscle) were weighed. Total protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride in plasma, were measured. Plasma level of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured at E13, E17, and E21. Messenger RNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) in liver and breast muscle tissues was assessed at E13, E17, and E21. The results showed that 1.16% Arg in maternal diet increased egg weight (P < 0.05). The level of Arg in maternal diet has a significant effect on organ index and embryo weight of multiple embryonic days (P < 0.05). Embryonic plasma total protein concentration was significantly affected by maternal dietary Arg level (P < 0.05) and exhibited quadratic responses at E11, E15, E17, and E21 (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, and cholesterol level were also significantly affected by the level of maternal Arg at different embryonic ages (P < 0.05). Dietary digestible Arg levels quadratically influenced plasma urea nitrogen level at E21 (P < 0.05) and cholesterol concentration at E17 and E19 (P < 0.01). L-Arg supplementation in maternal diet significantly improved the IgG level at E17 and E21 (1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, and 1.74%; P < 0.05), the IgM level at E13 (1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%) and E17 (P < 0.05) and the NOS level at E13, E17, and E21 (P < 0.05). Maternal dietary L-Arg supplementation significantly improved the expression of CPS1 gene, OTC gene (1.16%, 1.35%, and 1.55%), and ASS gene (1.35% and 1.55%) in the liver (P < 0.05), and also enhanced the CPS1 gene (except 1.35%) and OTC gene (1.55% and 1.74%) expression in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal Arg level affected the embryonic development of offspring and regulated the apparent metabolic programming and immunity state of the embryo. Arginine level of 1.55% in hens' diet was beneficial to the protein synthesis and immunity of the offspring in the embryonic period, and it was recommended to obtain healthy offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - H Ning
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X Duan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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46
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Gibson MS, Steyn A, Kealy D, Kaspers B, Fife MS. Molecular cloning and characterisation of chicken IL-18 binding protein. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103850. [PMID: 32918930 PMCID: PMC7661785 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The human IL-1 receptor family is comprised of 11 membrane bound or soluble receptors and the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). These receptors are dispersed across seven genomic loci, with the majority at a single locus. Direct orthologues were identified in the chicken at conserved genomic loci; however, the IL-18BP remained absent from the first four builds of the chicken genome sequence. Subsequent assemblies identified the gene at a locus syntenic with mammals; however, these predicted sequences differed between genome builds and contained multiple errors. A partial IL-18BP-like sequence in the NCBI EST database was used to clone the full-length cDNA. A splice variant, which lacks the exon that encodes part of the signal peptide, was also cloned. Human IL-18BP is differentially spliced to produce a number of variants, which are all secreted. By contrast, the spliced chicken isoform was predicted to be intracellular, and we identified similar variants with the same exon missing in a limited number of divergent vertebrate species. Mammalian and viral IL-18BPs inhibit IL-18 activity by directly binding to this cytokine. Full-length and intracellular chicken IL-18BPs were equally effective at inhibiting IL-18-mediated IFN-γ release from an avian B-cell line. Analysis of the predicted chIL-18BP protein sequence revealed two crucial residues, which account for 50% of the binding affinity between human IL-18 and IL-18BP, are conserved in the chicken and a fowlpox-encoded homologue, fpv214. This suggests specific fowlpox viruses used in humans as a vaccine vector have the potential to dampen anti-viral host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gibson
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - David Kealy
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark S Fife
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK; Aviagen Ltd, Newbridge, UK.
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Hao X, Li S, Chen L, Dong M, Wang J, Hu J, Gu M, Wang X, Hu S, Peng D, Liu X, Shang S. Establishing a Multicolor Flow Cytometry to Characterize Cellular Immune Response in Chickens Following H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121396. [PMID: 33291218 PMCID: PMC7762099 DOI: 10.3390/v12121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) emerged and has continued to re-emerge, continuously posing great threats to animal and human health. The detection of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or virus neutralization antibodies (NA) is essential for assessing immune protection against AIV. However, the HI/NA-independent immune protection is constantly observed in vaccines’ development against H7N9 subtype AIV and other subtypes in chickens and mammals, necessitating the analysis of the cellular immune response. Here, we established a multi-parameter flow cytometry to examine the innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in chickens after intranasal infection with low pathogenicity H7N9 AIV. This assay allowed us to comprehensively define chicken macrophages, dendritic cells, and their MHC-II expression, NK cells, γδ T cells, B cells, and distinct T cell subsets in steady state and during infection. We found that NK cells and KUL01+ cells significantly increased after H7N9 infection, especially in the lung, and the KUL01+ cells upregulated MHC-II and CD11c expression. Additionally, the percentages and numbers of γδ T cells and CD8 T cells significantly increased and exhibited an activated phenotype with significant upregulation of CD25 expression in the lung but not in the spleen and blood. Furthermore, B cells showed increased in the lung but decreased in the blood and spleen in terms of the percentages or/and numbers, suggesting these cells may be recruited from the periphery after H7N9 infection. Our study firstly disclosed that H7N9 infection induced local and systemic cellular immune responses in chickens, the natural host of AIV, and that the flow cytometric assay developed in this study is useful for analyzing the cellular immune responses to AIVs and other avian infectious diseases and defining the correlates of immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Maoli Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-514-879-914-16 (X.L.); +86-514-879-770-81 (S.S.)
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.G.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (D.P.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-514-879-914-16 (X.L.); +86-514-879-770-81 (S.S.)
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Levkut M, Karaffová V, Levkutová M, Seman V, Revajová V, Ševčíková Z, Herich R, Levkut M. Influence of Lacto-Immuno-Vital on growth performance and gene expression of IgA, MUC-2, and growth factor IGF-2 in the jejunum of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6569-6575. [PMID: 33248572 PMCID: PMC7705053 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Lacto-Immuno-Vital synbiotic preparation on gene expression of IgA, MUC-2, and growth factor IGF-2 in the jejunum and on BW gain in broiler chickens were studied. A flock of 64,400 1-day-old Hybrid ROSS 308 chickens was inducted in the 42-day experiment. The chickens were divided into 2 equally size groups in separate halls. The chickens in the experimental (E) group received 500 g of Lacto-Immuno-Vital in 1,000 L of drinking water. The preparation was administered daily from the first day (day 1) to day 7 of the experiment. From day 7 to day 22, it was given in pulsed manner (every third day) at a dose of 300 g in 1,000 L of drinking water. The broiler chickens in the E group gained more weight (P < 0.001) compared with control from day 10 to day 42. Death of animals during feeding period was 1,078 chickens in the E group compared with 1,115 dead chickens in the control group. Feed conversion ratio was 1.61 kg of supplemented diet/kg of BW in the E group compare with 1.67 kg of nonsupplemented diet/kg of BW in control. The relative expression of IgA gene in the jejunum was upregulated on day 22 in the E group compared with control (P < 0.05), whereas relative expression of MUC-2 gene was upregulated in the E group compared with control on day 8 and day 22 (P < 0.05; P < 0.001). Similarly, relative expression of IGF-2 gene was upregulated in the E group compared with control on both samplings (P < 0.01). The composition of Lacto-Immuno-Vital synbiotic preparation showed beneficial effects on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, morbidity, mortality, and selected parameters of mucosal immunity in the chicken jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levkut
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - V Karaffová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - M Levkutová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - V Seman
- Regional Association of Veterinary Doctors, Trebišov, Slovak Republic
| | - V Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Z Ševčíková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Herich
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - M Levkut
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic; Neuroimmunological Institute SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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49
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Mohammed GM, ElZorkany HE, Farroh KY, Abd El-Aziz WR, Elshoky HA. Potential improvement of the immune response of chickens against E. coli vaccine by using two forms of chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:395-404. [PMID: 33275976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis disease has an important economic impact on poultry production worldwide. It is one of the most common causes of mortality in commercial layer and breeder chickens. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the main cause of this disease. Nanoparticles have been widely used in vaccine design as both adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles. The present study aimed to produce an efficient vaccine from E. coli serogroups O1 and O78 to help in controlling colibacillosis in chicken using two forms of chitosan (CS) and ascorbate chitosan (AsCS) nanoparticles. Nanovaccines has been prepared through loading and encapsulation of outer membrane and flagellar antigen on CS and AsCS nanoparticles with loading efficiency 86, 63,55, 48% for CS-loaded-, Cs-capsulated-, AsCS-loaded- and AsCS-capsulated-E. coli Antigen, respectively. Two hundred specific pathogens free (SPF) 3-weeks old broiler chickens were used and divided into four groups to investigate the immune response of nanovaccines. The immune response was measured by the microagglutination, ELISA, and challenge test. From results, it could be concluded that generally adding chitosan NPs is capable of improving vaccine efficacy via the induction of strong immunity. Moreover, we recommend the production of the nanovaccine CS-capsulated -antigen from E. coli O1 and O78 serotypes to be used as a potent vaccine to aid in controlling colibacillosis. Also, the ascorbate chitosan is a great alternate for the initiation of a potent immune response in critical infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Mohammed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Heba ElSayed ElZorkany
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Antigens and Sera, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Elshoky
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
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50
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Rehman A, Arif M, Sajjad N, Al-Ghadi MQ, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Alhimaidi AR, Elnesr SS, Almutairi BO, Amran RA, Hussein EOS, Swelum AA. Dietary effect of probiotics and prebiotics on broiler performance, carcass, and immunity. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6946-6953. [PMID: 33248610 PMCID: PMC7705049 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of probiotics (Protexin) and prebiotics (active MOS, mannan oligosaccharides) on growth performance, carcasses, and antibody titer in broilers. A total number of 360-day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly divided into 9 groups in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Nine broiler starter (0-21 d) and finisher (21-35 d) diets were formulated by using 3 levels of probiotics (0, 1, and 2 g/kg of feed) and 3 levels of MOS (0, 1, and 1.5 g/kg of feed) and were randomly allotted to 9 groups. Feed intake was not affected by interaction of treatments during all phases (P > 0.05). Feed intake was improved due to the main effect of probiotic (P = 0.0001) or MOS (P = 0.005). No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed for weight gain in the starter, finisher, and overall phases. While, during the starter and finisher phases, weight gain was increased by probiotics (P = 0.028 or 0.04, respectively). Dietary supplementation of MOS improved weight gain (P = 0.01) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.03) during the overall period, but during starter and finisher periods, weight gain and FCR were not affected by prebiotics. Apart from dressing percentage, no interaction or individual effect of probiotics and prebiotics was observed for carcass, breast, thigh, heart, liver, and gizzard weight. Antibody titer for infectious bursal disease (IBD) was improved (P = 0.026) by the interaction effect between probiotics and prebiotics, when compared with the control group. Antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) was not affected by probiotics or prebiotics or their interactions (P > 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementation of prebiotics or probiotics can improve the growth performance of broilers. It may also be helpful in improving the antibody titer against IBD in broilers fed antibiotic-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rehman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - M Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - N Sajjad
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - M Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - M E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - A R Alhimaidi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - B O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R A Amran
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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