1
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Counoupas C, Pino P, Stella AO, Ashley C, Lukeman H, Bhattacharyya ND, Tada T, Anchisi S, Metayer C, Martinis J, Aggarwal A, Dcosta BM, Britton WJ, Kint J, Wurm MJ, Landau NR, Steain M, Turville SG, Wurm FM, David SA, Triccas JA. High-Titer Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Induced by Alhydroxyquim-II-Adjuvanted Trimeric Spike Antigens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0169521. [PMID: 35171046 PMCID: PMC8849074 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01695-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global control of COVID-19 will require the deployment of vaccines capable of inducing long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this report, we describe an adjuvanted subunit candidate vaccine that affords elevated, sustained, and cross-variant SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in multiple animal models. Alhydroxiquim-II is a Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 7/8 small-molecule agonist chemisorbed on aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel). Vaccination with Alhydroxiquim-II combined with a stabilized, trimeric form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (termed CoVac-II) resulted in high-titer NAbs in mice, with no decay in responses over an 8-month period. NAbs from sera of CoVac-II-immunized mice, horses and rabbits were broadly neutralizing against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Boosting long-term CoVac-II-immunized mice with adjuvanted spike protein from the Beta variant markedly increased levels of NAb titers against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants; notably, high titers against the Delta variant were observed. These data strongly support the clinical assessment of Alhydroxiquim-II-adjuvanted spike proteins to protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need for next-generation COVID-19 vaccines that are safe, demonstrate high protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants and can be manufactured at scale. We describe a vaccine candidate (CoVac-II) that is based on stabilized, trimeric spike antigen produced in an optimized, scalable and chemically defined production process. CoVac-II demonstrates strong and persistent immunity after vaccination of mice, and is highly immunogenic in multiple animal models, including rabbits and horses. We further show that prior immunity can be boosted using a recombinant spike antigen from the Beta variant; importantly, plasma from boosted mice effectively neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro, including Delta. The strong humoral and Th1-biased immunogenicity of CoVac-II is driven by use of Alhydroxiquim-II (AHQ-II), the first adjuvant in an authorized vaccine that acts through the dual Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR8 pathways, as part of the Covaxin vaccine. Our data suggest AHQ-II/spike protein combinations could constitute safe, affordable, and mass-manufacturable COVID-19 vaccines for global distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Counoupas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Alberto O. Stella
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline Ashley
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Lukeman
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nayan D. Bhattacharyya
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Dcosta
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Warwick J. Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Nathaniel R. Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Steain
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart G. Turville
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, Monthey, Switzerland
- Life Science Faculty, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - James A. Triccas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Bates TA, McBride SK, Leier HC, Guzman G, Lyski ZL, Schoen D, Winders B, Lee JY, Lee DX, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG. Vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize variants. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8014. [PMID: 35076258 PMCID: PMC8939472 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively reduce overall morbidity and mortality and are vitally important to controlling the pandemic. Individuals who previously recovered from COVID-19 have enhanced immune responses after vaccination (hybrid immunity) compared with their naïve-vaccinated peers; however, the effects of post-vaccination breakthrough infections on humoral immune response remain to be determined. Here, we measure neutralizing antibody responses from 104 vaccinated individuals, including those with breakthrough infections, hybrid immunity, and no infection history. We find that human immune sera after breakthrough infection and vaccination after natural infection broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) variants to a similar degree. Although age negatively correlates with antibody response after vaccination alone, no correlation with age was found in breakthrough or hybrid immune groups. Together, our data suggest that the additional antigen exposure from natural infection substantially boosts the quantity, quality, and breadth of humoral immune response regardless of whether it occurs before or after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Gaelen Guzman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Zoe L. Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Devin Schoen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Bradie Winders
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - David Xthona Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Fendler A, Shepherd STC, Au L, Wilkinson KA, Wu M, Schmitt AM, Tippu Z, Farag S, Rogiers A, Harvey R, Carlyle E, Edmonds K, Del Rosario L, Lingard K, Mangwende M, Holt L, Ahmod H, Korteweg J, Foley T, Barber T, Emslie-Henry A, Caulfield-Lynch N, Byrne F, Shum B, Gerard CL, Deng D, Kjaer S, Song OR, Queval C, Kavanagh C, Wall EC, Carr EJ, Namjou S, Caidan S, Gavrielides M, MacRae JI, Kelly G, Peat K, Kelly D, Murra A, Kelly K, O'Flaherty M, Shea RL, Gardner G, Murray D, Yousaf N, Jhanji S, Van As N, Young K, Furness AJS, Pickering L, Beale R, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Gamblin S, Bauer DLV, Kassiotis G, Howell M, Nicholson E, Walker S, Wilkinson RJ, Larkin J, Turajlic S. Immune responses following third COVID-19 vaccination are reduced in patients with hematological malignancies compared to patients with solid cancer. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:114-116. [PMID: 34968417 PMCID: PMC8716090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fendler
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Scott T C Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lewis Au
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Katalin A Wilkinson
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas M Schmitt
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zayd Tippu
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sheima Farag
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Aljosja Rogiers
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleanor Carlyle
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kim Edmonds
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lyra Del Rosario
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Karla Lingard
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mary Mangwende
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lucy Holt
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Hamid Ahmod
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Justine Korteweg
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Tara Foley
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Taja Barber
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrea Emslie-Henry
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Fiona Byrne
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin Shum
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Camille L Gerard
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Daqi Deng
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christophe Queval
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caitlin Kavanagh
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma C Wall
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Edward J Carr
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sina Namjou
- Safety, Health & Sustainability, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simon Caidan
- Safety, Health & Sustainability, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mike Gavrielides
- Scientific Computing Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kema Peat
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Denise Kelly
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Aida Murra
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kayleigh Kelly
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Molly O'Flaherty
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robyn L Shea
- Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Gail Gardner
- Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Darren Murray
- Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nadia Yousaf
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK; Acute Oncology Service, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Shaman Jhanji
- Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Nicholas Van As
- Clincal Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kate Young
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lisa Pickering
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Steve Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David L V Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma Nicholson
- Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Susanna Walker
- Acute Oncology Service, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
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4
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Naranbhai V, St Denis KJ, Lam EC, Ofoman O, Garcia-Beltran WF, Mairena CB, Bhan AK, Gainor JF, Balazs AB, Iafrate AJ. Neutralization breadth of SARS-CoV-2 viral variants following primary series and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:103-108.e2. [PMID: 34990570 PMCID: PMC8730528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are more likely to have impaired immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We study the breadth of responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after primary vaccination in 178 patients with a variety of tumor types and after booster doses in a subset. Neutralization of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta SARS-CoV-2 variants is impaired relative to wildtype, regardless of vaccine type. Regardless of viral variant, mRNA1273 is the most immunogenic, followed by BNT162b2, and then Ad26.COV2.S. Neutralization of more variants (breadth) is associated with a greater magnitude of wildtype neutralization, and increases with time since vaccination; advancing age associates with a lower breadth. The concentrations of anti-spike protein antibody are a good surrogate for breadth (positive predictive value of =90% at >1,000 U/mL). Booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccines confer enhanced breadth. These data suggest that achieving a high antibody titer is desirable to achieve broad neutralization; a single booster dose with the current vaccines increases the breadth of responses against variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Naranbhai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onosereme Ofoman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Atul K Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the functional effects of mutations in emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) acquired four patterns of spike glycoprotein mutations that enhance transmissibility and immune evasion: 1) mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD), 2) mutations in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), 3) mutations at interchain contacts of the spike trimer, and 4) furin cleavage site mutations. Most distinguishing mutations among variants of concern are exhibited in the NTD, localized to sites of high structural flexibility. Emerging variants of interest such as mu, lambda and C.1.2 exhibit the same patterns of mutations as variants of concern. There is a strong likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 variants will continue to emerge with mutations in these defined patterns, thus providing a basis for the development of next line antiviral drugs and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Glenn W Knox
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Ebihara T, Masuda A, Takahashi D, Hino M, Mon H, Kakino K, Fujii T, Fujita R, Ueda T, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Production of scFv, Fab, and IgG of CR3022 Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1223-1234. [PMID: 34304364 PMCID: PMC8310559 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is currently spreading around the world and causing many casualties. Antibodies against such emerging infectious diseases are one of the important tools for basic viral research and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. CR3022 is a monoclonal antibody against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV found in SARS patients, but it was also shown to have strong affinity for that of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we produced large amounts of three formats of CR3022 antibodies (scFv, Fab and IgG) with high purity using a silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system. Furthermore, SPR measurements showed that the affinity of those silkworm-produced IgG antibodies to S protein was almost the same as that produced in mammalian expression system. These results indicate that the silkworm-baculovirus expression system is an excellent expression system for emerging infectious diseases that require urgent demand for diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ebihara
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hino
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohei Kakino
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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7
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Najmeddin A, Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi M, Behdani M, Dorkoosh F. Nanobodies as powerful pulmonary targeted biotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, pharmaceutical point of view. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129974. [PMID: 34343644 PMCID: PMC8325376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Since December 2019, the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to infect humans and many people died from severe Covid-19 during the last 2 years worldwide. Different approaches are being used for treatment of this infection and its consequences, but limited results have been achieved and new therapeutics are still needed. One of the most interesting biotherapeutics in this era are Nanobodies which have shown very promising results in recent researches. Scope of review Here, we have reviewed the potentials of Nanobodies in Covid-19 treatment. We have also discussed the properties of these biotherapeutics that make them very suitable for pulmonary drug delivery, which seems to be very important route of administration in this disease. Major conclusion Nanobodies with their special biological and biophysical characteristics and their resistance against harsh manufacturing condition, can be considered as promising, targeted biotherapeutics which can be administered by pulmonary delivery pharmaceutical systems against Covid-19. General significance Covid-19 has become a global problem during the last two years and with emerging mutant strains, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are still highly needed. Nanobodies with their specific properties can be considered as valuable and promising candidates in Covid-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najmeddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | | | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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8
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Gutiérrez-Álvarez J, Honrubia JM, Sanz-Bravo A, González-Miranda E, Fernández-Delgado R, Rejas MT, Zúñiga S, Sola I, Enjuanes L. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a propagation-defective RNA replicon elicited sterilizing immunity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2111075118. [PMID: 34686605 PMCID: PMC8639359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111075118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA replicons are promising platforms for vaccine generation. Their defects in one or more essential functions for viral replication, particle assembly, or dissemination make them highly safe as vaccines. We previously showed that the deletion of the envelope (E) gene from the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) produces a replication-competent propagation-defective RNA replicon (MERS-CoV-ΔE). Evaluation of this replicon in mice expressing human dipeptidyl peptidase 4, the virus receptor, showed that the single deletion of the E gene generated an attenuated mutant. The combined deletion of the E gene with accessory open reading frames (ORFs) 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 resulted in a highly attenuated propagation-defective RNA replicon (MERS-CoV-Δ[3,4a,4b,5,E]). This RNA replicon induced sterilizing immunity in mice after challenge with a lethal dose of a virulent MERS-CoV, as no histopathological damage or infectious virus was detected in the lungs of challenged mice. The four mutants lacking the E gene were genetically stable, did not recombine with the E gene provided in trans during their passage in cell culture, and showed a propagation-defective phenotype in vivo. In addition, immunization with MERS-CoV-Δ[3,4a,4b,5,E] induced significant levels of neutralizing antibodies, indicating that MERS-CoV RNA replicons are highly safe and promising vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Defective Viruses/genetics
- Defective Viruses/immunology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, env
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
- RNA, Viral/administration & dosage
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Replicon
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virulence/genetics
- Virulence/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gutiérrez-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Honrubia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz-Bravo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E González-Miranda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Rejas
- Electron Microscopy Service, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - S Zúñiga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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9
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Canti L, Humblet-Baron S, Desombere I, Neumann J, Pannus P, Heyndrickx L, Henry A, Servais S, Willems E, Ehx G, Goriely S, Seidel L, Michiels J, Willems B, Liston A, Ariën KK, Beguin Y, Goossens ME, Marchant A, Baron F. Predictors of neutralizing antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:174. [PMID: 34689821 PMCID: PMC8542409 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors affecting response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients remain to be elucidated. METHODS Forty allo-HCT recipients were included in a study of immunization with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine at days 0 and 21. Binding antibodies (Ab) to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) were assessed at days 0, 21, 28, and 49 while neutralizing Ab against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (NT50) were assessed at days 0 and 49. Results observed in allo-HCT patients were compared to those obtained in 40 healthy adults naive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood cells was performed before vaccination to identify potential predictors of Ab responses. RESULTS Three patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab before vaccination. Among the 37 SARS-CoV-2 naive patients, 20 (54%) and 32 (86%) patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab 21 days and 49 days postvaccination. Comparing anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients and healthy adults, we observed significantly lower anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients at days 21, 28 and 49. Further, 49% of allo-HCT patients versus 88% of healthy adults had detectable NT50 Ab at day 49 while allo-HCT recipients had significantly lower NT50 Ab titers than healthy adults (P = 0.0004). Ongoing moderate/severe chronic GVHD (P < 0.01) as well as rituximab administration in the year prior to vaccination (P < 0.05) correlated with low anti-RBD and NT50 Ab titers at 49 days after the first vaccination in multivariate analyses. Compared to healthy adults, allo-HCT patients without chronic GVHD or rituximab therapy had comparable anti-RBD Ab levels and NT50 Ab titers at day 49. Flow cytometry analyses before vaccination indicated that Ab responses in allo-HCT patients were strongly correlated with the number of memory B cells and of naive CD4+ T cells (r > 0.5, P < 0.01) and more weakly with the number of follicular helper T cells (r = 0.4, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Chronic GVHD and rituximab administration in allo-HCT recipients are associated with reduced Ab responses to BNT162b2 vaccination. Immunological markers could help identify allo-HCT patients at risk of poor Ab response to mRNA vaccination. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrialsregister.eu on 11 March 2021 (EudractCT # 2021-000673-83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Pannus
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Henry
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Willems
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Betty Willems
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria E Goossens
- SD Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 642 Engelandstraat, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, University of Liege and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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10
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Meyer M, Wang Y, Edwards D, Smith GR, Rubenstein AB, Ramanathan P, Mire CE, Pietzsch C, Chen X, Ge Y, Cheng WS, Henry C, Woods A, Ma L, Stewart-Jones GB, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Periasamy S, Shi PY, Graham BS, Moore IN, Ramos I, Troyanskaya OG, Zaslavsky E, Carfi A, Sealfon SC, Bukreyev A. Attenuated activation of pulmonary immune cells in mRNA-1273-vaccinated hamsters after SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148036. [PMID: 34449440 PMCID: PMC8516449 DOI: 10.1172/jci148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-1273 vaccine is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and was granted emergency use authorization by the FDA. Clinical studies, however, cannot provide the controlled response to infection and complex immunological insight that are only possible with preclinical studies. Hamsters are the only model that reliably exhibits severe SARS-CoV-2 disease similar to that in hospitalized patients, making them pertinent for vaccine evaluation. We demonstrate that prime or prime-boost administration of mRNA-1273 in hamsters elicited robust neutralizing antibodies, ameliorated weight loss, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airways, and better protected against disease at the highest prime-boost dose. Unlike in mice and nonhuman primates, low-level virus replication in mRNA-1273-vaccinated hamsters coincided with an anamnestic response. Single-cell RNA sequencing of lung tissue permitted high-resolution analysis that is not possible in vaccinated humans. mRNA-1273 prevented inflammatory cell infiltration and the reduction of lymphocyte proportions, but enabled antiviral responses conducive to lung homeostasis. Surprisingly, infection triggered transcriptome programs in some types of immune cells from vaccinated hamsters that were shared, albeit attenuated, with mock-vaccinated hamsters. Our results support the use of mRNA-1273 in a 2-dose schedule and provide insight into the potential responses within the lungs of vaccinated humans who are exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Computer Science and
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Gregory R. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aliza B. Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad E. Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Colette Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wan Sze Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - LingZhi Ma
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kevin W. Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bianca M. Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science and
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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11
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King HAD, Joyce MG, Lakhal-Naouar I, Ahmed A, Cincotta CM, Subra C, Peachman KK, Hack HR, Chen RE, Thomas PV, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Hajduczki A, Martinez EJ, Peterson CE, Chang WC, Choe M, Smith C, Headley JA, Elyard HA, Cook A, Anderson A, Wuertz KM, Dong M, Swafford I, Case JB, Currier JR, Lal KG, Amare MF, Dussupt V, Molnar S, Daye SP, Zeng X, Barkei EK, Alfson K, Staples HM, Carrion R, Krebs SJ, Paquin-Proulx D, Karasavvas N, Polonis VR, Jagodzinski LL, Vasan S, Scott PT, Huang Y, Nair MS, Ho DD, de Val N, Diamond MS, Lewis MG, Rao M, Matyas GR, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106433118. [PMID: 34470866 PMCID: PMC8463842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106433118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report the evaluation of a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination of macaques using a two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses and reciprocal peak mean serum neutralizing antibody titers of 14,000 to 21,000. Rapid control of viral replication was achieved in the upper and lower airways of animals after high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge, with undetectable replication within 4 d in seven of eight animals receiving 50 µg of RFN. Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 decreased only approximately twofold relative to WA1/2020. In addition, neutralizing, effector antibody and cellular responses targeted the heterotypic SARS-CoV-1, highlighting the broad immunogenicity of RFN-ALFQ for SARS-CoV-like Sarbecovirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A D King
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Caroline Subra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kristina K Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Holly R Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Clayton Smith
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jarrett A Headley
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | | | | | - Alexander Anderson
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Ming Dong
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Isabella Swafford
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kerri G Lal
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Mihret F Amare
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sharon P Daye
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Erica K Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kendra Alfson
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Hilary M Staples
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Linda L Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Paul T Scott
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | | | - Mangala Rao
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Gary R Matyas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Sheila A Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;
| | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
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12
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Karer M, Stiasny K, Zeitlinger M, Jilma B. Subcutaneous injection of mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: an option for severe bleeding disorders or anticoagulated patients? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2021; 32:423-424. [PMID: 34397451 PMCID: PMC8373386 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Park Y, Min K, Kim NH, Kim JH, Park M, Kang H, Sohn EJ, Lee S. Porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein produced in N. benthamiana forms virus-like particles that elicit production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. N Biotechnol 2021; 63:29-36. [PMID: 33667631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virus of the Circoviridae family, with a small, circular, single-stranded DNA genome. PCV2 infections cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Currently, commercially produced PCV2 vaccines are expensive, whereas plant-based expression systems can produce recombinant proteins at low cost for use as vaccines. In this study, recombinant PCV2 capsid protein (rCap) was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and purified by metal affinity chromatography, with a yield of 102 mg from 1 kg plant leaves. Electron microscopy confirmed that purified rCap self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) at neutral pH. It was shown to provoke a strong immune response in guinea pigs. The results indicate that plant systems can enable production of large amounts of proteins to serve as candidates for subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Min
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyung Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangju Kang
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lin X, Lin F, Liang T, Ducatez MF, Zanin M, Wong SS. Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071400. [PMID: 34372607 PMCID: PMC8310379 DOI: 10.3390/v13071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fangmei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | | | - Mark Zanin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-178-2584-6078
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15
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Murji AA, Qin JS, Hermanus T, Morris L, Georgiev IS. Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Immunization with Nanoparticle Vaccine Platforms. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071296. [PMID: 34372503 PMCID: PMC8310022 DOI: 10.3390/v13071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading strategy for developing a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is the elicitation of antibodies that can neutralize a large fraction of circulating HIV-1 variants. However, a major challenge that has limited the effectiveness of current vaccine candidates is the extensive global diversity of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), the sole target for HIV-neutralizing antibodies. To address this challenge, various strategies incorporating Env diversity into the vaccine formulation have been proposed. Here, we assessed the potential of two such strategies that utilize a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses. The nanoparticle immunogens developed here consisted of different formulations of Envs from strains BG505 (clade A) and CZA97 (clade C), attached to the N-termini of bacterial ferritin. Single—antigen nanoparticle cocktails, as well as mosaic nanoparticles bearing both Env trimers, elicited high antibody titers in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, serum from guinea pigs immunized with nanoparticle immunogens achieved autologous, and in some cases heterologous, tier 2 neutralization, although significant differences between mosaic and single—antigen nanoparticles were not observed. These results provide insights into the ability of different vaccine strategies for incorporating Env sequence diversity to elicit neutralizing antibodies, with implications for the development of broadly protective HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amyn A. Murji
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Juliana S. Qin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (T.H.); (L.M.)
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (T.H.); (L.M.)
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Marchi S, Viviani S, Remarque EJ, Ruello A, Bombardieri E, Bollati V, Milani GP, Manenti A, Lapini G, Rebuffat A, Montomoli E, Trombetta CM. Characterization of antibody response in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253977. [PMID: 34214116 PMCID: PMC8253392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing high morbidity and mortality burden worldwide with unprecedented strain on health care systems. To investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome we performed a study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As comparison we also investigated the time course of the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. Study results show that patients produce a strong antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with high correlation between different viral antigens (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and among antibody classes (IgA, IgG, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies). The antibody peak is reached by 3 weeks from hospital admission followed by a sharp decrease. No difference was observed in any parameter of the antibody classes, including neutralizing antibodies, between subjects who recovered or with fatal outcome. Only few asymptomatic subjects developed antibodies at detectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Viviani
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Edmond J. Remarque
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Annunziata Rebuffat
- Presidio Ospedaliero di Campostaggia, Località Campostaggia, Poggibonsi, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia M. Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
It has been more than a year since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged. Many studies have provided insights into the various aspects of the immune response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Especially for antibody treatment and vaccine development, humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has been studied extensively, though there is still much that is unknown and controversial. Here, we introduce key discoveries on the humoral immune responses in COVID-19, including the immune dynamics of antibody responses and correlations with disease severity, neutralizing antibodies and their cross-reactivity, how long the antibody and memory B-cell responses last, aberrant autoreactive antibodies generated in COVID-19 patients, and the efficacy of currently available therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, and highlight gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an ongoing pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses have been detected and characterized not only in COVID-19 patients and convalescents, but also unexposed individuals. Here, we review the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients and the relationships between SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and COVID-19 severity. In addition, we describe the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells after recovery from COVID-19 and discuss the presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in unexposed individuals and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. A better understanding of T-cell responses is important for effective control of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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19
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Lee L, Samardzic K, Wallach M, Frumkin LR, Mochly-Rosen D. Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696003. [PMID: 34177963 PMCID: PMC8220206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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20
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de Alwis R, Gan ES, Chen S, Leong YS, Tan HC, Zhang SL, Yau C, Low JGH, Kalimuddin S, Matsuda D, Allen EC, Hartman P, Park KJJ, Alayyoubi M, Bhaskaran H, Dukanovic A, Bao Y, Clemente B, Vega J, Roberts S, Gonzalez JA, Sablad M, Yelin R, Taylor W, Tachikawa K, Parker S, Karmali P, Davis J, Sullivan BM, Sullivan SM, Hughes SG, Chivukula P, Ooi EE. A single dose of self-transcribing and replicating RNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produces protective adaptive immunity in mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1970-1983. [PMID: 33823303 PMCID: PMC8019652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-transcribing and replicating RNA (STARR)-based vaccine (LUNAR-COV19) has been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine encodes an alphavirus-based replicon and the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike glycoprotein. Translation of the replicon produces a replicase complex that amplifies and prolongs SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expression. A single prime vaccination in mice led to robust antibody responses, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing up to day 60. Activation of cell-mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Assaying for intracellular cytokine staining for interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-positive CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes as well as anti-spike glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a/IgG1 ratios supported a strong Th1-dominant immune response. Finally, single LUNAR-COV19 vaccination at both 2 μg and 10 μg doses completely protected human ACE2 transgenic mice from both mortality and even measurable infection following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings collectively suggest the potential of LUNAR-COV19 as a single-dose vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Alphavirus/genetics
- Alphavirus/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/pathology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/biosynthesis
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Replicon/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Transgenes
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L Zhang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clement Yau
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G H Low
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daiki Matsuda
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Allen
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paula Hartman
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Maher Alayyoubi
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hari Bhaskaran
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adrian Dukanovic
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanjie Bao
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brenda Clemente
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jerel Vega
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Roberts
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jose A Gonzalez
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Marciano Sablad
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rodrigo Yelin
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wendy Taylor
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Tachikawa
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Suezanne Parker
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Priya Karmali
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jared Davis
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian M Sullivan
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sean M Sullivan
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Steve G Hughes
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Pad Chivukula
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Frieman M, Harris AD, Herati RS, Krammer F, Mantovani A, Rescigno M, Sajadi MM, Simon V. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for all but a single dose for COVID-19 survivors. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103401. [PMID: 34051441 PMCID: PMC8149267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
| | | | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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22
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Chatterjee D, Lewis FJ, Sutton HJ, Kaczmarski JA, Gao X, Cai Y, McNamara HA, Jackson CJ, Cockburn IA. Avid binding by B cells to the Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein repeat suppresses responses to protective subdominant epitopes. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108996. [PMID: 33852850 PMCID: PMC8052187 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting the NANP/NVDP repeat domain of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSPRepeat) can protect against malaria. However, it has also been suggested that the CSPRepeat is a decoy that prevents the immune system from mounting responses against other domains of CSP. Here, we show that, following parasite immunization, B cell responses to the CSPRepeat are immunodominant over responses to other CSP domains despite the presence of similar numbers of naive B cells able to bind these regions. We find that this immunodominance is driven by avid binding of the CSPRepeat to cognate B cells that are able to expand at the expense of B cells with other specificities. We further show that mice immunized with repeat-truncated CSP molecules develop responses to subdominant epitopes and are protected against malaria. These data demonstrate that the CSPRepeat functions as a decoy, but truncated CSP molecules may be an approach for malaria vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepyan Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fiona J Lewis
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joe A Kaczmarski
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yeping Cai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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23
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Sakaguchi A, Nakajima C, Sawano A, Tanaka Y, Kurihara Y. Rapid and reliable hybridoma screening method that is suitable for production of functional structure-recognizing monoclonal antibody. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:696-702. [PMID: 33745778 PMCID: PMC7972868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are extremely valuable functional biomaterials that are widely used not only in life science research but also in antibody drugs and test drugs. There is also a strong need to develop high-quality neutralizing antibodies as soon as possible in order to stop the rapid spread of new infectious diseases such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study has developed a membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method for obtaining high-quality monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and high speed. In addition to these advantages, this paper demonstrates that the MIHS method can selectively obtain monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the functional structure of proteins. The MIHS method is a useful technology that greatly contributes to the research community because it can be easily introduced in any laboratory that uses a flow cytometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nakajima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sawano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Engineering Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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24
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Lenders M, Scharnetzki D, Heidari A, Di Iorio D, Wegner SV, Brand E. Generation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Human Reference Antibody to Measure Anti-Drug Antibody Titers in Patients with Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2680. [PMID: 33800950 PMCID: PMC7961705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Male patients with Fabry disease (FD) are at high risk for the formation of antibodies to recombinant α-galactosidase A (AGAL), used for enzyme replacement therapy. Due to the rapid disease progression, the identification of patients at risk is highly warranted. However, currently suitable references and standardized protocols for anti-drug antibodies (ADA) determination do not exist. Here we generate a comprehensive patient-derived antibody mixture as a reference, allowing ELISA-based quantification of antibody titers from individual blood samples. Serum samples of 22 male patients with FD and ADAs against AGAL were pooled and purified by immune adsorption. ADA-affinities against agalsidase-α, agalsidase-β and Moss-AGAL were measured by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). AGAL-specific immune adsorption generated a polyclonal ADA mixture showing a concentration-dependent binding and inhibition of AGAL. Titers in raw sera and from purified total IgGs (r2 = 0.9063 and r2 = 0.8952, both p < 0.0001) correlated with the individual inhibitory capacities of ADAs. QCM-D measurements demonstrated comparable affinities of the reference antibody for agalsidase-α, agalsidase-β and Moss-AGAL (KD: 1.94 ± 0.11 µM, 2.46 ± 0.21 µM, and 1.33 ± 0.09 µM, respectively). The reference antibody allows the ELISA-based ADA titer determination and quantification of absolute concentrations. Furthermore, ADAs from patients with FD have comparable affinities to agalsidase-α, agalsidase-β and Moss-AGAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Lenders
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center Muenster (IFAZ), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (D.S.); (E.B.)
| | - David Scharnetzki
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center Muenster (IFAZ), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (D.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Ali Heidari
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (A.H.); (D.D.I.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Daniele Di Iorio
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (A.H.); (D.D.I.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Seraphine Valeska Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (A.H.); (D.D.I.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Eva Brand
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center Muenster (IFAZ), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (D.S.); (E.B.)
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25
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Borgström A, Peinelt C, Stokłosa P. TRPM4 in Cancer-A New Potential Drug Target. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020229. [PMID: 33562811 PMCID: PMC7914809 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is widely expressed in various organs and associated with cardiovascular and immune diseases. Lately, the interest in studies on TRPM4 in cancer has increased. Thus far, TRPM4 has been investigated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, prostate, colorectal, liver, breast, urinary bladder, cervical, and endometrial cancer. In several types of cancer TRPM4 is overexpressed and contributes to cancer hallmark functions such as increased proliferation and migration and cell cycle shift. Hence, TRPM4 is a potential prognostic cancer marker and a promising anticancer drug target candidate. Currently, the underlying mechanism by which TRPM4 contributes to cancer hallmark functions is under investigation. TRPM4 is a Ca2+-activated monovalent cation channel, and its ion conductivity can decrease intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, TRPM4 can interact with different partner proteins. However, the lack of potent and specific TRPM4 inhibitors has delayed the investigations of TRPM4. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms of action and discuss new small molecule TRPM4 inhibitors, as well as the TRPM4 antibody, M4P. Additionally, we provide an overview of TRPM4 in human cancer and discuss TRPM4 as a diagnostic marker and anticancer drug target.
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26
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Dogan M, Kozhaya L, Placek L, Gunter C, Yigit M, Hardy R, Plassmeyer M, Coatney P, Lillard K, Bukhari Z, Kleinberg M, Hayes C, Arditi M, Klapper E, Merin N, Liang BTT, Gupta R, Alpan O, Unutmaz D. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and neutralization assays reveal the wide range of the humoral immune response to virus. Commun Biol 2021; 4:129. [PMID: 33514825 PMCID: PMC7846565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of antibody protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pressing question for public health and for vaccine development. We developed highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and neutralization assays. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or Nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies at titers more than 1:100,000 were detectable in all PCR+ subjects (n = 115) and were absent in the negative controls. Other isotype antibodies (IgA, IgG1-4) were also detected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was determined in COVID-19 and convalescent plasma at up to 10,000-fold dilution, using Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviruses, which were also blocked by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Hospitalized patients had up to 3000-fold higher antibody and neutralization titers compared to outpatients or convalescent plasma donors. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients also possessed NAbs against SARS-CoV Spike protein pseudovirus. Together these results demonstrate the high specificity and sensitivity of our assays, which may impact understanding the quality or duration of the antibody response during COVID-19 and in determining the effectiveness of potential vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- COVID-19/diagnosis
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Convalescence
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Immunity, Humoral
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lentivirus/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neutralization Tests
- Phosphoproteins/chemistry
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail Dogan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lina Kozhaya
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lindsey Placek
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Courtney Gunter
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mesut Yigit
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Hardy
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zaheer Bukhari
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kleinberg
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chelsea Hayes
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Klapper
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noah Merin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Tsan-Tang Liang
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Raavi Gupta
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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27
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Guest JD, Wang R, Elkholy KH, Chagas A, Chao KL, Cleveland TE, Kim YC, Keck ZY, Marin A, Yunus AS, Mariuzza RA, Andrianov AK, Toth EA, Foung SKH, Pierce BG, Fuerst TR. Design of a native-like secreted form of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015149118. [PMID: 33431677 PMCID: PMC7826332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015149118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major worldwide health burden, and a preventive vaccine is needed for global control or eradication of this virus. A substantial hurdle to an effective HCV vaccine is the high variability of the virus, leading to immune escape. The E1E2 glycoprotein complex contains conserved epitopes and elicits neutralizing antibody responses, making it a primary target for HCV vaccine development. However, the E1E2 transmembrane domains that are critical for native assembly make it challenging to produce this complex in a homogenous soluble form that is reflective of its state on the viral envelope. To enable rational design of an E1E2 vaccine, as well as structural characterization efforts, we have designed a soluble, secreted form of E1E2 (sE1E2). As with soluble glycoprotein designs for other viruses, it incorporates a scaffold to enforce assembly in the absence of the transmembrane domains, along with a furin cleavage site to permit native-like heterodimerization. This sE1E2 was found to assemble into a form closer to its expected size than full-length E1E2. Preservation of native structural elements was confirmed by high-affinity binding to a panel of conformationally specific monoclonal antibodies, including two neutralizing antibodies specific to native E1E2 and to its primary receptor, CD81. Finally, sE1E2 was found to elicit robust neutralizing antibodies in vivo. This designed sE1E2 can both provide insights into the determinants of native E1E2 assembly and serve as a platform for production of E1E2 for future structural and vaccine studies, enabling rational optimization of an E1E2-based antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan D Guest
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Khadija H Elkholy
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Andrezza Chagas
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Kinlin L Chao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Thomas E Cleveland
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Young Chang Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zhen-Yong Keck
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Eric A Toth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Steven K H Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brian G Pierce
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850;
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850;
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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28
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Billon-Denis E, Ferrier-Rembert A, Garnier A, Cheutin L, Vigne C, Tessier E, Denis J, Badaut C, Rougeaux C, Depeille Wuille A, Timera H, Boutin LI, Drouet I, Verguet N, Nolent F, Gorgé O, Ferraris O, Tournier JN. Differential serological and neutralizing antibody dynamics after an infection by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. Infection 2021; 49:781-783. [PMID: 33387262 PMCID: PMC7776280 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background We report here the case of two coworkers infected by the same SARS-CoV-2 strain, presenting two different immunological outcomes. Case One patient presented a strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response correlated with a low and rapidly decreasing titer of neutralizing antibodies. The other patient had a similar strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response but high neutralizing antibody titers. Discussion and conclusion Thus, host individual factors may be the main drivers of the immune response varying with age and clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Institut Pasteur, Innovative Vaccine Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Ferrier-Rembert
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Annabelle Garnier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Laurence Cheutin
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Clarisse Vigne
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Emilie Tessier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Jessica Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Cyril Badaut
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Clémence Rougeaux
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Anne Depeille Wuille
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Hawa Timera
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Laet Itia Boutin
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Isabelle Drouet
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Noémie Verguet
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Flora Nolent
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Olivier Gorgé
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 1 place Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Innovative Vaccine Laboratory, Paris, France.
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.
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29
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Guo Y, Kawaguchi A, Takeshita M, Sekiya T, Hirohama M, Yamashita A, Siomi H, Murano K. Potent mouse monoclonal antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100346. [PMID: 33524396 PMCID: PMC7846482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a global pandemic since its first outbreak in the winter of 2019. An extensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for disease control. Various recombinant monoclonal antibodies of human origin that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection have been isolated from convalescent patients and will be applied as therapies and prophylaxis. However, the need for dedicated monoclonal antibodies suitable for molecular pathology research is not fully addressed. Here, we produced six mouse anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike monoclonal antibodies that not only exhibit robust performance in immunoassays including western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation, but also demonstrate neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection to VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. Due to their mouse origin, our monoclonal antibodies are compatible with the experimental immunoassay setups commonly used in basic molecular biology research laboratories, providing a useful tool for future research. Furthermore, in the hope of applying the antibodies of clinical setting, we determined the variable regions of the antibodies and used them to produce recombinant human/mouse chimeric antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Subunits/administration & dosage
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeshita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sekiya
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mikako Hirohama
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kensaku Murano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Malladi SK, Singh R, Pandey S, Gayathri S, Kanjo K, Ahmed S, Khan MS, Kalita P, Girish N, Upadhyaya A, Reddy P, Pramanick I, Bhasin M, Mani S, Bhattacharyya S, Joseph J, Thankamani K, Raj VS, Dutta S, Singh R, Nadig G, Varadarajan R. Design of a highly thermotolerant, immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 spike fragment. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100025. [PMID: 33154165 PMCID: PMC7832000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently in clinical testing are stored in a refrigerated or frozen state prior to use. This is a major impediment to deployment in resource-poor settings. Furthermore, several of them use viral vectors or mRNA. In contrast to protein subunit vaccines, there is limited manufacturing expertise for these nucleic-acid-based modalities, especially in the developing world. Neutralizing antibodies, the clearest known correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2, are primarily directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein, suggesting that a suitable RBD construct might serve as a more accessible vaccine ingredient. We describe a monomeric, glycan-engineered RBD protein fragment that is expressed at a purified yield of 214 mg/l in unoptimized, mammalian cell culture and, in contrast to a stabilized spike ectodomain, is tolerant of exposure to temperatures as high as 100 °C when lyophilized, up to 70 °C in solution and stable for over 4 weeks at 37 °C. In prime:boost guinea pig immunizations, when formulated with the MF59-like adjuvant AddaVax, the RBD derivative elicited neutralizing antibodies with an endpoint geometric mean titer of ∼415 against replicative virus, comparing favorably with several vaccine formulations currently in the clinic. These features of high yield, extreme thermotolerance, and satisfactory immunogenicity suggest that such RBD subunit vaccine formulations hold great promise to combat COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/biosynthesis
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- HEK293 Cells
- Hot Temperature
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Domains
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Stability
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Potency
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randhir Singh
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suman Pandey
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Savitha Gayathri
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kawkab Kanjo
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Parismita Kalita
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nidhi Girish
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aditya Upadhyaya
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Poorvi Reddy
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ishika Pramanick
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Munmun Bhasin
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeswin Joseph
- Virology Scientific Research (VSR) Laboratory, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Kerala, India
| | - Karthika Thankamani
- Virology Scientific Research (VSR) Laboratory, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Kerala, India
| | - V Stalin Raj
- Virology Scientific Research (VSR) Laboratory, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Kerala, India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Gautham Nadig
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India.
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31
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Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective means to prevent infectious diseases, especially for viral infection. The key to an excellent antiviral vaccine is the ability to induce long-term protective immunity against a specific virus. Bacterial vaccine vectors have been used to impart protection against self, as well as heterologous antigens. One significant benefit of using live bacterial vaccine vectors is their ability to invade and colonize deep effector lymphoid tissues after mucosal delivery. The bacterium Salmonella is considered the best at this deep colonization. This is critically essential for inducing protective immunity. This chapter describes the methodology for developing genetically modified self-destructing Salmonella (GMS) vaccine delivery systems targeting influenza infection. Specifically, the methods covered include the procedures for the development of GMSs for protective antigen delivery to induce cellular immune responses and DNA vaccine delivery to induce systemic immunity against the influenza virus. These self-destructing GMS could be modified to provide effective biological containment for genetically engineered bacteria used for a diversity of purposes in addition to vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Female
- Genes, Lethal
- Genetic Engineering/methods
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunization/methods
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nucleoproteins/genetics
- Nucleoproteins/immunology
- Organisms, Genetically Modified
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Salmonella typhimurium/genetics
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Transgenes
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kong
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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32
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Korn J, Schäckermann D, Kirmann T, Bertoglio F, Steinke S, Heisig J, Ruschig M, Rojas G, Langreder N, Wenzel EV, Roth KDR, Becker M, Meier D, van den Heuvel J, Hust M, Dübel S, Schubert M. Baculovirus-free insect cell expression system for high yield antibody and antigen production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21393. [PMID: 33288836 PMCID: PMC7721901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential tools for therapy and diagnostics. Yet, production remains expensive as it is mostly done in mammalian expression systems. As most therapeutic IgG require mammalian glycosylation to interact with the human immune system, other expression systems are rarely used for production. However, for neutralizing antibodies that are not required to activate the human immune system as well as antibodies used in diagnostics, a cheaper production system would be advantageous. In our study, we show cost-efficient, easy and high yield production of antibodies as well as various secreted antigens including Interleukins and SARS-CoV-2 related proteins in a baculovirus-free insect cell expression system. To improve yields, we optimized the expression vector, media and feeding strategies. In addition, we showed the feasibility of lyophilization of the insect cell produced antibodies. Furthermore, stability and activity of the antibodies was compared to antibodies produced by Expi293F cells revealing a lower aggregation of antibodies originating from High Five cell production. Finally, the newly established High Five expression system was compared to the Expi293F mammalian expression system in regard of yield and costs. Most interestingly, all tested proteins were producible in our High Five cell expression system what was not the case in the Expi293F system, hinting that the High Five cell system is especially suited to produce difficult-to-express target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Korn
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dorina Schäckermann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Toni Kirmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Janyn Heisig
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 16040, 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nora Langreder
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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33
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Abstract
Neurological symptoms are seen in patients with COVID-19 and can persist or re-emerge after clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Recent findings suggest that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can cross-react with mammalian proteins. Focusing on neurological symptoms, we discuss whether these cross-reactive antibodies could contribute to COVID-19 disease pathology and to the persistence of symptoms in patients who have cleared the initial viral infection. Neurological symptoms are increasingly being observed in patients with COVID-19; this Comment article considers whether cross-reactive antibodies might contribute to the pathology associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kreye
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Momsen Reincke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Kandeil A, Gomaa MR, El Taweel A, Mostafa A, Shehata M, Kayed AE, Kutkat O, Moatasim Y, Mahmoud SH, Kamel MN, Shama NMA, El Sayes M, El-Shesheny R, Yassien MA, Webby RJ, Kayali G, Ali MA. Common childhood vaccines do not elicit a cross-reactive antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241471. [PMID: 33112930 PMCID: PMC7592750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence showed a negative correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and incidence of COVID-19. Incidence of the disease in children is much lower than in adults. It is hypothesized that BCG and other childhood vaccinations may provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection through trained or adaptive immune responses. Here, we tested whether BCG, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae, Hepatitis B, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccines provide cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice. Results indicated that none of these vaccines provided antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 up to seven weeks post vaccination. We conclude that if such vaccines have any role in COVID-19 immunity, this role is not antibody-mediated.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Cross Reactions
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Sera/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- Neutralization Tests
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar R. Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Kayed
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Link, Hazmieh, Baabda, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (GK); (MAA)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail: (GK); (MAA)
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35
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Yu F, Xiang R, Deng X, Wang L, Yu Z, Tian S, Liang R, Li Y, Ying T, Jiang S. Receptor-binding domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:212. [PMID: 32963228 PMCID: PMC7506210 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, have posed severe threats to global public health and the economy. Treatment and prevention of these viral diseases call for the research and development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMAbs). Scientists have screened neutralizing antibodies using the virus receptor-binding domain (RBD) as an antigen, indicating that RBD contains multiple conformational neutralizing epitopes, which are the main structural domains for inducing neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses. This review summarizes the structure and function of RBD and RBD-specific NMAbs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 currently under development.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Virion/immunology
- Virion/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shijun Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanbai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Liu L, Liu Z, Chen H, Liu H, Gao Q, Cong F, Gao G, Chen Y. Subunit Nanovaccine with Potent Cellular and Mucosal Immunity for COVID-19. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:5633-5638. [PMID: 35021794 PMCID: PMC7451068 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To combat the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, we formulated the S1 subunit of the virus with two adjuvants, amphiphilic adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A for Toll-like receptor 4 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for Toll-like receptor 9, into cationic liposomes to produce a potent, safer, and translatable nanovaccine. The nanovaccine can efficiently elicit a humoral immune response and strong IgA antibodies in mice. The sera from the vaccinated mice significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 from infecting Vero cells. Moreover, relative to the free S1 with a traditional Alum adjuvant, the nanovaccine can elicit strong T-cell immunity by activating both CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional
Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275,
China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional
Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275,
China
| | - Haolin Chen
- School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional
Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275,
China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional
Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275,
China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Sinovac Biotech Co.
Ltd, No. 39 Shangdi Xi Road, Beijing 100085,
China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory
Animal Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of
Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633,
China
| | - Guangxia Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and
Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional
Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275,
China
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37
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Chen X, Pan Z, Yue S, Yu F, Zhang J, Yang Y, Li R, Liu B, Yang X, Gao L, Li Z, Lin Y, Huang Q, Xu L, Tang J, Hu L, Zhao J, Liu P, Zhang G, Chen Y, Deng K, Ye L. Disease severity dictates SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:180. [PMID: 32879307 PMCID: PMC7464057 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients exhibit differential disease severity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is currently unknown as to the correlation between the magnitude of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In a cohort of 59 recovered patients with disease severity including severe, moderate, mild, and asymptomatic, we observed the positive correlation between serum neutralizing capacity and disease severity, in particular, the highest NAb capacity in sera from the patients with severe disease, while a lack of ability of asymptomatic patients to mount competent NAbs. Furthermore, the compositions of NAb subtypes were also different between recovered patients with severe symptoms and with mild-to-moderate symptoms. These results reveal the tremendous heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb responses and their correlations to disease severity, highlighting the needs of future vaccination in COVID-19 patients recovered from asymptomatic or mild illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Yue
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhao Huang
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, 610083, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Pinghuang Liu
- Comparative Immunology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510050, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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38
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Gao Q, Bao L, Mao H, Wang L, Xu K, Yang M, Li Y, Zhu L, Wang N, Lv Z, Gao H, Ge X, Kan B, Hu Y, Liu J, Cai F, Jiang D, Yin Y, Qin C, Li J, Gong X, Lou X, Shi W, Wu D, Zhang H, Zhu L, Deng W, Li Y, Lu J, Li C, Wang X, Yin W, Zhang Y, Qin C. Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020; 369:77-81. [PMID: 32376603 PMCID: PMC7202686 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 975] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. Because of the novelty of the virus, there are currently no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available. Therefore, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here, we developed a pilot-scale production of PiCoVacc, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate, which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against other strains. Three immunizations using two different doses, 3 or 6 micrograms per dose, provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These data support the clinical development and testing of PiCoVacc for use in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pilot Projects
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/adverse effects
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Minnan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Chengfeng Qin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiuyu Lou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lang Zhu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangxi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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39
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Gao Q, Bao L, Mao H, Wang L, Xu K, Yang M, Li Y, Zhu L, Wang N, Lv Z, Gao H, Ge X, Kan B, Hu Y, Liu J, Cai F, Jiang D, Yin Y, Qin C, Li J, Gong X, Lou X, Shi W, Wu D, Zhang H, Zhu L, Deng W, Li Y, Lu J, Li C, Wang X, Yin W, Zhang Y, Qin C. Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science 2020; 369:77-81. [PMID: 32376603 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.046375v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. Because of the novelty of the virus, there are currently no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available. Therefore, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here, we developed a pilot-scale production of PiCoVacc, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate, which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against other strains. Three immunizations using two different doses, 3 or 6 micrograms per dose, provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These data support the clinical development and testing of PiCoVacc for use in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pilot Projects
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/adverse effects
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Minnan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Chengfeng Qin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiuyu Lou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lang Zhu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangxi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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40
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Lin L, Lyke KE, Koren M, Jarman RG, Eckels KH, Lepine E, McArthur MA, Currier JR, Friberg H, Moris P, Keiser PB, De La Barrera R, Vaughn DW, Paris RM, Thomas SJ, Schmidt AC. Safety and Immunogenicity of an AS03 B-Adjuvanted Inactivated Tetravalent Dengue Virus Vaccine Administered on Varying Schedules to Healthy U.S. Adults: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:132-141. [PMID: 32342848 PMCID: PMC7356407 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue disease and its causative agents, the dengue viruses (DENV-1-4), cause high morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. We evaluated three dosing regimens of the investigational tetravalent AS03B-adjuvanted dengue-purified inactivated vaccine (DPIV+AS03B). In this phase 1/2, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT02421367), 140 healthy adults were randomized 1:1:2 to receive DPIV+AS03B according to the following regimens: 0-1 month (M), 0-1-6 M, or 0-3 M. Participants received DPIV+AS03B or placebo at M0, M1, M3, and M6 according to their dosing schedule. Primary objectives were 1) to evaluate the safety of DPIV+AS03B for 28 days (D) after each dose; 2) to demonstrate the added value of a booster dose (0-1-6 M versus 0-1 M) based on neutralizing antibody titers to each DENV type (DENV-1-4) at 28 D after the last dose; and, if this objective was met, 3) to demonstrate the benefit of a longer interval between the first and second doses (0-1 M versus 0-3 M). Adverse events (AEs) within 7 D after vaccination tended to be more frequent after DPIV+AS03B doses than placebo; the number of grade 3 AEs was low (≤ 4.5% after DPIV+AS03B; ≤ 2.9% after placebo), with no obvious differences across groups. Within 28 D following each dose, the frequency of unsolicited AEs after DPIV+AS03B appeared higher for three-dose (0-1-6 M) than two-dose (0-1 M and 0-3 M) regimens. No serious AEs were considered related to vaccination, and no potential immune-mediated diseases were reported during the study. All three schedules were well tolerated. Both primary immunogenicity objectives were demonstrated. The 0-3 M and 0-1-6 M regimens were more immunogenic than the 0-1 M regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Lin
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Koren
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Monica A. McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Heather Friberg
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Paul B. Keiser
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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41
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Graepel KW, Kochhar S, Clayton EW, Edwards KE. Balancing Expediency and Scientific Rigor in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Development. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:180-182. [PMID: 32365191 PMCID: PMC7239154 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Graepel
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
- Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen W Clayton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society and Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn E Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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42
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Sesterhenn F, Yang C, Bonet J, Cramer JT, Wen X, Wang Y, Chiang CI, Abriata LA, Kucharska I, Castoro G, Vollers SS, Galloux M, Dheilly E, Rosset S, Corthésy P, Georgeon S, Villard M, Richard CA, Descamps D, Delgado T, Oricchio E, Rameix-Welti MA, Más V, Ervin S, Eléouët JF, Riffault S, Bates JT, Julien JP, Li Y, Jardetzky T, Krey T, Correia BE. De novo protein design enables the precise induction of RSV-neutralizing antibodies. Science 2020; 368:eaay5051. [PMID: 32409444 PMCID: PMC7391827 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo protein design has been successful in expanding the natural protein repertoire. However, most de novo proteins lack biological function, presenting a major methodological challenge. In vaccinology, the induction of precise antibody responses remains a cornerstone for next-generation vaccines. Here, we present a protein design algorithm called TopoBuilder, with which we engineered epitope-focused immunogens displaying complex structural motifs. In both mice and nonhuman primates, cocktails of three de novo-designed immunogens induced robust neutralizing responses against the respiratory syncytial virus. Furthermore, the immunogens refocused preexisting antibody responses toward defined neutralization epitopes. Overall, our design approach opens the possibility of targeting specific epitopes for the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies and, more generally, will be applicable to the design of de novo proteins displaying complex functional motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sesterhenn
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Che Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Johannes T Cramer
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Wen
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chi-I Chiang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Iga Kucharska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giacomo Castoro
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sabrina S Vollers
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elie Dheilly
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Corthésy
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Georgeon
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Villard
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Delphyne Descamps
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Teresa Delgado
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Vicente Más
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean Ervin
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Sabine Riffault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - John T Bates
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology & Center of Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Theodore Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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43
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Stappers F, Scharnetzki D, Schmitz B, Manikowski D, Brand SM, Grobe K, Lenders M, Brand E. Neutralising anti-drug antibodies in Fabry disease can inhibit endothelial enzyme uptake and activity. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:334-347. [PMID: 31587315 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disease, treatable by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) that substitutes deficient α-galactosidase A (AGAL). The formation of neutralising anti-drug antibodies (ADA) inhibiting AGAL activity during infusion is associated with disease progression in affected male patients. In this study we analysed if ADAs also inhibit endothelial enzyme uptake as well as intracellular enzyme activity. Therefore, fluorescence-labelled AGAL in combination with ADA-positive sera from FD patients (n = 8) was used to analyse enzyme uptake in endothelial and FD-specific cells. Furthermore, immune adsorption and a comprehensive ADA epitope mapping were performed. Pre-incubation of AGAL with ADAs significantly inhibited intracellular enzyme activity, which was rescued by immune adsorption (both P < .01). ADAs from some patients also inhibited enzyme uptake. ADA epitope mapping identified an epitope at position 121 to 140 aa potentially responsible for uptake inhibition for these patients. Further analyses revealed the presence of stable AGAL/ADA-immune complexes at pH 4.5 and decreased intracellular enzyme activity in endothelial cells (P < .001). Finally, the pre-incubation of AGAL with ADAs resulted in a reduced depletion of intracellular globotriaosylceramide in patient-derived AGAL-deficient cells, demonstrating a direct negative impact of ADAs on intracellular clearance. Neutralising ADAs may not only inhibit infused AGAL activity, but according to their epitopes can also inhibit endothelial AGAL uptake. Indeed, internalised AGAL/ADA-complexes may not dissociate, underlining the importance of novel therapeutic approaches for ADA reduction and prevention to increase therapy efficiency in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska Stappers
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - David Scharnetzki
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dominique Manikowski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Malte Lenders
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Brand
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Bajrovic I, Schafer SC, Romanovicz DK, Croyle MA. Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaau4819. [PMID: 32181330 PMCID: PMC7056310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel, thin-film platform that preserves live viruses, bacteria, antibodies, and enzymes without refrigeration for extended periods of time is described. Studies with recombinant adenovirus in an optimized formulation that supports recovery of live virus through 16 freeze-thaw cycles revealed that production of an amorphous solid with a glass transition above room temperature and nitrogen-hydrogen bonding between virus and film components are critical determinants of stability. Administration of live influenza virus in the optimized film by the sublingual and buccal routes induced antibody-mediated immune responses as good as or better than those achieved by intramuscular injection. This work introduces the possibility of improving global access to a variety of medicines by offering a technology capable of reducing costs of production, distribution, and supply chain maintenance.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Administration, Buccal
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunization/methods
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Male
- Membranes, Artificial
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Preservation, Biological/methods
- Temperature
- Vaccine Potency
- Vaccines, Attenuated/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Irnela Bajrovic
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephen C. Schafer
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Dwight K. Romanovicz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Maria A. Croyle
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Gao N, Gai Y, Meng L, Wang C, Zhang X, Wang W, Qin C, Yu X, Gao F. Development of Antibodies with Broad Neutralization Specificities against HIV-1 after Long Term SHIV Infection in Macaques. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020163. [PMID: 32023860 PMCID: PMC7077270 DOI: 10.3390/v12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are the only animal model suitable to evaluate the protection efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines. It is important to understand how and when neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) with specificities similar to those of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) develop in NHPs. To address these questions, we determined plasma neutralization specificities in two macaques which developed neutralization breadth after long-term simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection and identified neutralization escape mutations by analyzing the env sequences from longitudinal plasma samples. Neutralization activities targeting V2, CD4bs, V3 and gp120-gp41 interface only became detectable in week 350 plasma from macaques G1015R and G1020R using 25710 env mutants. When mapped with CAP45 env mutants, only V2 specificity was detected at week 217 and persisted until week 350 in G1015R. Neutralization escape mutations were found in CD4bs and V2 regions. However, all of them were different from those resistant mutations identified for human bnAbs. These results show that nAbs with specificities similar to human bnAbs are only detectable after long-term SHIV infection and that neutralization escape mutations in macaques are different from those found in HIV-1-infected individuals. These findings can have important implications in the best utilization of the NHP model to evaluate HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanxin Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lina Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; (W.W.)
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; (W.W.)
- Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (F.G.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-7826 (X.Y.); +1-919-668-6433 (F.G.); Fax: +86-431-8516-7674 (X.Y.); +1-919-681-8992 (F.G.)
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (N.G.); (Y.G.); (L.M.); (C.W.); (X.Z.)
- Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (F.G.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-7826 (X.Y.); +1-919-668-6433 (F.G.); Fax: +86-431-8516-7674 (X.Y.); +1-919-681-8992 (F.G.)
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46
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Lorentzen EM, Henriksen S, Kaur A, Kro GB, Hammarström C, Hirsch HH, Midtvedt K, Rinaldo CH. Early fulminant BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in two kidney transplant patients with low neutralizing antibody titers receiving allografts from the same donor. Virol J 2020; 17:5. [PMID: 31924245 PMCID: PMC6954500 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) causes premature graft failure in 1 to 15% of kidney transplant (KT) recipients. High-level BKPyV-viruria and BKPyV-DNAemia precede polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), and guide clinical management decisions. In most cases, BKPyV appears to come from the donor kidney, but data from biopsy-proven PyVAN cases are lacking. Here, we report the early fulminant course of biopsy-proven PyVAN in two male KT recipients in their sixties, receiving kidneys from the same deceased male donor. CASE PRESENTATIONS Both recipients received intravenous basiliximab induction, and maintenance therapy consisting of tacrolimus (trough levels 3-7 ng/mL from time of engraftment), mycophenolate mofetil 750 mg bid, and prednisolone. At 4 weeks post-transplant, renal function was satisfactory with serum creatinine concentrations of 106 and 72 μmol/L in recipient #1 and recipient #2, respectively. Plasma BKPyV-DNAemia was first investigated at 5 and 8 weeks post-transplant being 8.58 × 104 and 1.12 × 106 copies/mL in recipient #1 and recipient #2, respectively. Renal function declined and biopsy-proven PyVAN was diagnosed in both recipients at 12 weeks post-transplant. Mycophenolate mofetil levels were reduced from 750 mg to 250 mg bid while tacrolimus levels were kept below 5 ng/mL. Recipient #2 cleared BKPyV-DNAemia at 5.5 months post-transplant, while recipient #1 had persistent BKPyV-DNAemia of 1.07 × 105 copies/mL at the last follow-up 52 weeks post-transplant. DNA sequencing of viral DNA from early plasma samples revealed apparently identical viruses in both recipients, belonging to genotype Ib-2 with archetype non-coding control region. Retrospective serological work-up, demonstrated that the donor had high BKPyV-IgG-virus-like particle ELISA activity and a high BKPyV-genotype I neutralizing antibody titer, whereas both KT recipients only had low neutralizing antibody titers pre-transplantation. By 20 weeks post-transplant, the neutralizing antibody titer had increased by > 1000-fold in both recipients, but only recipient #2 cleared BKPyV-DNAemia. CONCLUSIONS Low titers of genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies in recipients pre-transplant, may identify patients at high risk for early fulminant donor-derived BKPyV-DNAemia and PyVAN, but development of high neutralizing antibody titers may not be sufficient for clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Myrvoll Lorentzen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stian Henriksen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department Biomedicine Transplantation & Clinical Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grete Birkeland Kro
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Hammarström
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Department Biomedicine Transplantation & Clinical Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation, Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Hanssen Rinaldo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Ringe RP, Colin P, Torres JL, Yasmeen A, Lee WH, Cupo A, Ward AB, Klasse PJ, Moore JP. SOS and IP Modifications Predominantly Affect the Yield but Not Other Properties of SOSIP.664 HIV-1 Env Glycoprotein Trimers. J Virol 2019; 94:e01521-19. [PMID: 31619555 PMCID: PMC6912111 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01521-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble recombinant native-like (NL) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers of various human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypes are being developed as vaccine candidates aimed at the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The prototypic design, designated BG505 SOSIP.664, incorporates an intersubunit disulfide bond (SOS) to covalently link the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits and a point substitution, I559P (IP), to further stabilize the gp41ECTO components. Without the SOS and IP changes, proteolytically cleaved trimers tend to disintegrate into their constituent gp120 and gp41ECTO subunits. We show, however, that NL trimers lacking the SOS and/or IP change can be affinity purified in amounts sufficient for analyses of their antigenicity and thermal stability. In general, these trimer variants have properties highly comparable to those of the fully stabilized SOSIP.664 version. We conclude that the major effect of the SOS and IP changes is to substantially increase trimer stability during and after the expression process, thereby allowing useful amounts to be produced. However, once the trimers have been purified, the SOS and IP changes have only subtle impacts on thermostability and the antigenicity of bNAb and other epitopes.IMPORTANCE Recombinant trimeric proteins based on HIV-1 env genes are being developed for vaccine trials in humans. A feature of these proteins is their mimicry of the envelope glycoprotein structure on virus particles that is targeted by neutralizing antibodies, i.e., antibodies that prevent cells from becoming infected. One vaccine concept under exploration is that recombinant trimers may be able to elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies when delivered as immunogens. A commonly used design is designated SOSIP.664, a term reflecting the sequence changes that are used to stabilize the trimers and allow their production in practically useful amounts. Here, we show that these stabilizing changes act to increase trimer yield during the biosynthesis process within the producer cell but have little impact on the properties of purified trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Ringe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Colin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - P J Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Meyer M, Yoshida A, Ramanathan P, Saphire EO, Collins PL, Crowe JE, Samal S, Bukreyev A. Antibody Repertoires to the Same Ebola Vaccine Antigen Are Differentially Affected by Vaccine Vectors. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1816-1829. [PMID: 30110638 PMCID: PMC6145141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative immune response profiling is important for selecting next-generation vaccines. We comprehensively evaluated the antibody responses from a panel of nine respiratory vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) derived from human and avian paramyxoviruses expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Most vaccines were protective in guinea pigs but yielded antibody repertoires that differed in proportion targeting key antigenic regions, avidity, neutralizing antibody specificities, and linear epitope preferences. Competition studies with monoclonal antibodies from human survivors revealed that some epitopes in GP targeted for neutralization were vector dependent, while EBOV-neutralizing titers correlated with the response magnitude toward the receptor-binding domain and GP1/GP2 interface epitopes. While an immunogen determines the breadth of antibody response, distinct vaccine vectors can induce qualitatively different responses, affecting protective efficacy. These data suggest that immune correlates of vaccine protection cannot be generalized for all vaccines against the same pathogen, even if they use the exact same immunogen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebolavirus/drug effects
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- RNA Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Siba Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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49
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Mutsvunguma LZ, Rodriguez E, Escalante GM, Muniraju M, Williams JC, Warden C, Qin H, Wang J, Wu X, Barasa A, Mulama DH, Mwangi W, Ogembo JG. Identification of multiple potent neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus gp350 protein with potential for clinical application and as reagents for mapping immunodominant epitopes. Virology 2019; 536:1-15. [PMID: 31377598 PMCID: PMC6733660 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has focused on generating neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeting the major envelope glycoprotein gp350/220 (gp350). In this study, we generated 23 hybridomas producing gp350-specific antibodies. We compared the candidate gp350-specific antibodies to the well-characterized nAb 72A1 by: (1) testing their ability to detect gp350 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblot; (2) sequencing their heavy and light chain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs); (3) measuring the ability of each monoclonal antibody (mAb) to neutralize EBV infection in vitro; and (4) mapping the gp350 amino acids bound by the mAbs using competitive cell and linear peptide binding assays. We performed sequence analysis to identify 15 mAbs with CDR regions unique from those of murine 72A1 (m72A1). We observed antigen binding competition between biotinylated m72A1, serially diluted unlabeled gp350 nAbs (HB1, HB5, HB11, HB20), and our recently humanized 72A1, but not gp350 non-nAb (HB17) or anti-KSHV gH/gL antibody.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/prevention & control
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Hybridomas/chemistry
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Mice
- Protein Binding
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Z Mutsvunguma
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela M Escalante
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Murali Muniraju
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Charles Warden
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anne Barasa
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David H Mulama
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Javier Gordon Ogembo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Seber Kasinger LE, Dent MW, Mahajan G, Hamorsky KT, Matoba N. A novel anti-HIV-1 bispecific bNAb-lectin fusion protein engineered in a plant-based transient expression system. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1646-1656. [PMID: 30729651 PMCID: PMC6662308 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has been a major step towards better prophylactic and therapeutic agents against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, effective therapy will likely require a combination of anti-HIV agents to avoid viral evasion. One possible solution to this problem is the creation of bispecific molecules that can concurrently target two vulnerable sites providing synergistic inhibitory effects. Here, we describe the production in plants and anti-HIV activity of a novel bispecific fusion protein consisting of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of the CD4 binding site-specific bNAb VRC01 and the antiviral lectin Avaren, which targets the glycan shield of the HIV-1 envelope (VRC01Fab -Avaren). This combination was justified by a preliminary experiment demonstrating the synergistic HIV-1 neutralization activity of VRC01 and Fc-fused Avaren dimer (Avaren-Fc). Using the GENEWARE® tobacco mosaic virus vector, VRC01Fab -Avaren was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and purified using a three-step chromatography procedure. Surface plasmon resonance and ELISA demonstrated that both the Avaren and VRC01Fab moieties retain their individual binding specificities. VRC01Fab -Avaren demonstrated enhanced neutralizing activity against representative HIV-1 strains from A, B and C clades, compared to equimolar combinations of VRC01Fab and Avaren. Notably, VRC01Fab -Avaren showed significantly stronger neutralizing effects than the bivalent parent molecules VRC01 IgG and Avaren-Fc, with IC50 values ranging from 48 to 310 pm. These results support the continued development of bispecific anti-HIV proteins based on Avaren and bNAbs, to which plant-based transient overexpression systems will provide an efficient protein engineering and production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew W. Dent
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Garima Mahajan
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Krystal Teasley Hamorsky
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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