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Murji AA, Qin JS, Hermanus T, Morris L, Georgiev IS. Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Immunization with Nanoparticle Vaccine Platforms. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071296. [PMID: 34372503 PMCID: PMC8310022 DOI: 10.3390/v13071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading strategy for developing a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is the elicitation of antibodies that can neutralize a large fraction of circulating HIV-1 variants. However, a major challenge that has limited the effectiveness of current vaccine candidates is the extensive global diversity of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), the sole target for HIV-neutralizing antibodies. To address this challenge, various strategies incorporating Env diversity into the vaccine formulation have been proposed. Here, we assessed the potential of two such strategies that utilize a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses. The nanoparticle immunogens developed here consisted of different formulations of Envs from strains BG505 (clade A) and CZA97 (clade C), attached to the N-termini of bacterial ferritin. Single—antigen nanoparticle cocktails, as well as mosaic nanoparticles bearing both Env trimers, elicited high antibody titers in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, serum from guinea pigs immunized with nanoparticle immunogens achieved autologous, and in some cases heterologous, tier 2 neutralization, although significant differences between mosaic and single—antigen nanoparticles were not observed. These results provide insights into the ability of different vaccine strategies for incorporating Env sequence diversity to elicit neutralizing antibodies, with implications for the development of broadly protective HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amyn A. Murji
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Juliana S. Qin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (T.H.); (L.M.)
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (T.H.); (L.M.)
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (A.A.M.); (J.S.Q.)
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen M, Ma Y, Chen H, Dai J, Dong L, Yang C, Li Y, Luo H, Zhang R, Jin X, Yang L, Cheung AKL, Jia M, Song Z. HIV-1 genetic transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196548. [PMID: 29698467 PMCID: PMC5919538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yunnan has the greatest share of reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in China. In recent years, HIV prevalence and incidence remained stubbornly high in men who have sex with men (MSM). To follow the dynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM, HIV-1 genetic characteristics and genetic transmission networks were investigated. METHODS Blood samples from 190 newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases among MSM were continuously collected at fixed sites from January 2013 to December 2015 in Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Partial gag, pol and env genes were sequenced and used for phylogenetic and genotypic drug resistance analyses. The genetic characteristics of the predominant HIV-1 strains were analyzed by the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The genetic transmission networks were identified with a genetic distance of 0.03 substitutions/site and 90% bootstrap support. RESULTS Among the 190 HIV-1 positive MSM reported during 2013-2105, various genotypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (45.3%), CRF07_BC (35.8%), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (11.6%), CRF08_BC (3.2%), CRF55_01B (2.1%), subtype B (1.6%) and CRF59_01B (0.5%). The effective population sizes (EPS) for CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC increased exponentially from approximately 2001-2010 and 2005-2009, respectively. Genetic transmission networks were constructed with 308 pol sequences from MSM diagnosed during 2010-2015. Of the 308 MSM, 109 (35.4%) were identified in 38 distinct clusters. Having multiple male partners was associated with a high probability of identification in the genetic transmission networks. Of the 38 clusters, 27 (71.1%) contained individuals diagnosed in different years. Of the 109 individuals in the networks, 26 (23.9%) had ≥2 potential transmission partners (≥2 links). The proportion of MSM with ≥2 links was higher among those diagnosed from 2010-2012. The constituent ratios of their potential transmission partners by areas showed no significant difference among MSM from Kunming, other cities in Yunnan and other provinces. Additionally, surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were identified in 5% of individuals. CONCLUSION This study revealed the various HIV-a genotypes circulating among MSM in Kunming. MSM with more partners were more easily detected in transmission networks, and early-diagnosed MSM remained active in transmission networks. These findings suggested that the routine interventions should be combined with HIV testing and linkage to care and early antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive MSM.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- China
- Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics
- Genotype
- HIV Infections/diagnosis
- HIV Infections/transmission
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/isolation & purification
- Homosexuality, Male
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monte Carlo Method
- Probability
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Young Adult
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/classification
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/classification
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/classification
- pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huichao Chen
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Dong
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaojun Yang
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youfang Li
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Renzhong Zhang
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaomei Jin
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manhong Jia
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (MJ)
| | - Zhizhong Song
- Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (MJ)
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Murray JM, Maher S, Mota T, Suzuki K, Kelleher AD, Center RJ, Purcell D. Differentiating founder and chronic HIV envelope sequences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171572. [PMID: 28187204 PMCID: PMC5302377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in characterizing broadly neutralizing antibodies against the HIV envelope glycoprotein Env, but an effective vaccine has proven elusive. Vaccine development would be facilitated if common features of early founder virus required for transmission could be identified. Here we employ a combination of bioinformatic and operations research methods to determine the most prevalent features that distinguish 78 subtype B and 55 subtype C founder Env sequences from an equal number of chronic sequences. There were a number of equivalent optimal networks (based on the fewest covarying amino acid (AA) pairs or a measure of maximal covariance) that separated founders from chronics: 13 pairs for subtype B and 75 for subtype C. Every subtype B optimal solution contained the founder pairs 178–346 Asn-Val, 232–236 Thr-Ser, 240–340 Lys-Lys, 279–315 Asp-Lys, 291–792 Ala-Ile, 322–347 Asp-Thr, 535–620 Leu-Asp, 742–837 Arg-Phe, and 750–836 Asp-Ile; the most common optimal pairs for subtype C were 644–781 Lys-Ala (74 of 75 networks), 133–287 Ala-Gln (73/75) and 307–337 Ile-Gln (73/75). No pair was present in all optimal subtype C solutions highlighting the difficulty in targeting transmission with a single vaccine strain. Relative to the size of its domain (0.35% of Env), the α4β7 binding site occurred most frequently among optimal pairs, especially for subtype C: 4.2% of optimal pairs (1.2% for subtype B). Early sequences from 5 subtype B pre-seroconverters each exhibited at least one clone containing an optimal feature 553–624 (Ser-Asn), 724–747 (Arg-Arg), or 46–293 (Arg-Glu).
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Murray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen Maher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Talia Mota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rob J. Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damian Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mbondji-Wonje C, Ragupathy V, Zhao J, Nanfack A, Lee S, Torimiro J, Nyambi P, Hewlett IK. Genotypic prediction of tropism of highly diverse HIV-1 strains from Cameroon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112434. [PMID: 25379669 PMCID: PMC4224497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of CCR5 antagonists involves determination of HIV-1 tropism prior to initiation of treatment. HIV-1 tropism can be assessed either by phenotypic or genotypic methods. Genotypic methods are extensively used for tropism prediction. However, their validation in predicting tropism of viral isolates belonging to group M non-B subtypes remains challenging. In Cameroon, the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains is the broadest reported worldwide. To facilitate the integration of CCR5 antagonists into clinical practice in this region, there is a need to evaluate the performance of genotypic methods for predicting tropism of highly diverse group M HIV-1 strains. METHODS Tropism of diverse HIV-1 strains isolated from PBMCs from Cameroon was determined using the GHOST cell assay. Prediction, based on V3 sequences from matched plasma samples, was determined using bioinformatics algorithms and rules based on position 11/25 and net charge applied independently or combined according to Delobel's and Garrido's rules. Performance of genotypic methods was evaluated by comparing prediction generated with tropism assigned by the phenotypic assay. RESULTS Specificity for predicting R5-tropic virus was high, ranging from 83.7% to 97.7% depending on the genotypic methods used. Sensitivity for X4-tropic viruses was fairly low, ranging from 33.3% to 50%. In our study, overall, genotypic methods were less able to accurately predict X4-tropic virus belonging to subtype CRF02_AG. In addition, it was found that of the methods we used the Garrido rule has the highest sensitivity rate of over 50% with a specificity of 93%. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that overall, genotypic methods were less sensitive for accurate prediction of HIV-1 tropism in settings where diverse HIV-1 strains co-circulate. Our data suggest that further optimization of genotypic methods is needed and that larger studies to determine their utility for tropism prediction of diverse HIV-1 strains may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Mbondji-Wonje
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Viswanath Ragupathy
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States of America
| | - Jiangqin Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States of America
| | - Aubin Nanfack
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sherwin Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States of America
| | - Judith Torimiro
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Phillipe Nyambi
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Indira K. Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transmission Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States of America
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Jahanbakhsh F, Hattori J, Matsuda M, Ibe S, Monavari SHR, Memarnejadian A, Aghasadeghi MR, Mostafavi E, Mohraz M, Jabbari H, Kamali K, Keyvani H, Azadmanesh K, Sugiura W. Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran between 2010 and 2011. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61864. [PMID: 23626742 PMCID: PMC3633940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Drug-resistant (DR) HIV emerges during combined antiretroviral treatment (cART), creating concern about widespread transmission of DR-HIV as cART is expanded in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant HIV-1 subtypes and prevalence of transmitted DR mutations among antiretroviral-naïve patients in Iran. Design To monitor transmission of DR HIV, a threshold surveillance based on the world health organization (WHO) guidelines was implemented in Iran. Methods For this HIVDR threshold surveillance study, blood samples were collected from 50 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. Antiretroviral-resistant mutations were determined by sequencing HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. The HIV-1 subtype was determined by sequencing the p17 and C2-V5 regions of the gag and env genes, respectively. Results Phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced regions revealed that 45 (95.7%) of 47 samples that were successfully obtained were CRF35_AD. The remaining two cases were subtype B (2.1%) and CRF01_AE (2.1%). Consistent results were obtained also from Env and Gag sequences. Regarding prevalence of transmitted DR viruses, two cases were found to harbor reverse transcriptase-inhibitor-resistant mutations (4.3%). In addition, although not in the WHO list for surveillance of transmitted mutations, 13 minor protease-inhibitor-resistant mutations listed in the International AIDS Society-USA panel of drug resistance mutations were found. No DR mutations were detected in the integrase region. Conclusions Our study clarified that CRF35_AD is the major subtype among HIV-1-infected patients in Iran. According to the WHO categorization method of HIVDR threshold survey, the prevalence of transmitted drug resistant HIV in Iran was estimated as moderate (5–15%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jahanbakhsh
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junko Hattori
- Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Ibe
- Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (RCHA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossain Jabbari
- Infectious Diseases Department, Iranian Research Center for HIV/ AIDS (RCHA), Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vienna General Hospital, University, Department of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Wien, Austria
| | - Kianoush Kamali
- AIDS Office, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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Giliazova AV, Zenin PV, Pronin AI, Serkov IL, Khametova KM, Orlova-Morozova EA, Zhukova EV, Kornilaeva GV, Pasternak AO, Lukashov VV, Karamov EV. [Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 strains in the Moscow Region]. Vopr Virusol 2010; 55:25-29. [PMID: 21260992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Moscow Region is one of the HIV-1-affected subjects of the Russian Federation; there were 34613 HIV-1-infected subjects as of October 31, 2009. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the Moscow Region, the investigators obtained and studied HIV-1 variants from 61 infected subjects of the region, who were major risk groups: intravenous drug users (IDUs) and hetero- and homosexually infected persons. Genetic analysis of HIV-1 variants was carried out by sequencing the gag genes (729 nucleotides in length, including full-length protein p17 and partial p24) andlor env (270 nucleotides in length, V3 region) with further phylogenetic analysis. The findings demonstrated that HIV-1 subtype A variants are dominant in the Moscow Region and detectable in 93.5% of IDUs and 100% of heterosexually infected persons. Phylogenetically (and accordingly epidemiologically) unrelated HIV-1 subtype B strains were revealed in 4 patients, including 2 IDUs.
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Abstract
The enormous diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to the idea that designing vaccines to specific geographic regions, or clades, could simplify the complexity of the task. Yet, despite the sequence diversity, all HIV viruses known to date interact with the same cellular receptors (CD4 and/or a coreceptor, CCR5 or CXCR4). In this review we examine the existing evidence to support a clade-specific vaccine strategy for induction of neutralising antibodies. We concentrate on lessons learnt from natural infection of humans. In short, the vast majority of studies to date indicate that neutralisation of HIV-1 is not clade specific. Potent sera tend to neutralise a range of heterologous viruses with no apparent clade preference, and none of the human neutralising monoclonal antibodies so far generated demonstrate significant clade preference. All but one of the most broadly neutralising antibodies are to functional regions involved in receptor interactions and plasma membrane fusion. Given these facts, we suggest that vaccine approaches that focus on 'clade-specific' and 'clade-generic' vaccines will logically converge on the same functionally conserved envelope structures. It still remains to be determined whether or not the task of designing a 'clade-generic' vaccine could be simplified by focusing on the viral envelopes with 'transmitting phenotypes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine McKnight
- Centre for Infectious Disease, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Denistry, London, UK.
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Wang SH, Xing H, Wang JJ, Su B, Chen X, Quan Y, Zhao QB, Ruan YH, Xu JQ, Song YH, Shao YM. [Sequence analysis of gag and env genes of HIV type 1 circulating in former blood donors of Fuyang city, Anhui province]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007; 87:1535-9. [PMID: 17785105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the subtype and analyze the genetic characteristics of the HIV-1 predominantly circulating in the former blood donors of Fuyang city, Anhui province. METHODS Whole blood samples were collected from 294 HIV-positive former blood donors of Fuyang city, 157 males and 137 females, aged 42 +/- 8. The fragments of HIV-1 env and gag genes were amplified by nested-PCR from the whole blood samples and thereafter sequenced. The env and gag sequences derived from 244 and 245 HIV infected individuals respectively were analyzed by using MEGA software, and related researches were also done according to the disease progression of the HIV infected individuals. RESULTS Phylogenetic trees showed that both the env and gag strains were clustered with the Thailand B reference strains. The internal nucleotide distances of the env and gag genes were 9.11% and 3.59% respectively. The nucleotide distances of both env and gag genes significantly increased as the CD4 T-cell counts decreased or as the viral load rose (both P < 0.001). The V3 loop tip motifs were dramatically dominated by GPGQ in the long-time non-progressors, and by GPGR in the slow progressors (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION The predominant strains circulating in the HIV-1 infected former blood donors of Fuyang city are of the Thailand B clade. Low CD4 T-cell count and high viral load are associated with the increase of genetic distances among viral isolates. The V3 loop tip motif changes from GPGQ to GPGR along with the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-hua Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, China
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