1
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Borriello F, Poli V, Shrock E, Spreafico R, Liu X, Pishesha N, Carpenet C, Chou J, Di Gioia M, McGrath ME, Dillen CA, Barrett NA, Lacanfora L, Franco ME, Marongiu L, Iwakura Y, Pucci F, Kruppa MD, Ma Z, Lowman DW, Ensley HE, Nanishi E, Saito Y, O'Meara TR, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Dowling DJ, Frieman M, Elledge SJ, Levy O, Irvine DJ, Ploegh HL, Williams DL, Zanoni I. An adjuvant strategy enabled by modulation of the physical properties of microbial ligands expands antigen immunogenicity. Cell 2022; 185:614-629.e21. [PMID: 35148840 PMCID: PMC8857056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is key to generate lasting adaptive immunity. PRRs detect unique chemical patterns associated with invading microorganisms, but whether and how the physical properties of PRR ligands influence the development of the immune response remains unknown. Through the study of fungal mannans, we show that the physical form of PRR ligands dictates the immune response. Soluble mannans are immunosilent in the periphery but elicit a potent pro-inflammatory response in the draining lymph node (dLN). By modulating the physical form of mannans, we developed a formulation that targets both the periphery and the dLN. When combined with viral glycoprotein antigens, this mannan formulation broadens epitope recognition, elicits potent antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies, and confers protection against viral infections of the lung. Thus, the physical properties of microbial ligands determine the outcome of the immune response and can be harnessed for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Poli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Shrock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Virology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Carpenet
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Di Gioia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carly A Dillen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucrezia Lacanfora
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella E Franco
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ferdinando Pucci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael D Kruppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Zuchao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Douglas W Lowman
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Harry E Ensley
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshine Saito
- Boston Children's Hospital, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy R O'Meara
- Boston Children's Hospital, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Dowling
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Virology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Stone ET, Hassert M, Geerling E, Wagner C, Brien JD, Ebel GD, Hirsch AJ, German C, Smith JL, Pinto AK. Balanced T and B cell responses are required for immune protection against Powassan virus in virus-like particle vaccination. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110388. [PMID: 35172138 PMCID: PMC8919300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne pathogen for which humans are an incidental host. POWV infection can be fatal or result in long-term neurological sequelae; however, there are no approved vaccinations for POWV. Integral to efficacious vaccine development is the identification of correlates of protection, which we accomplished in this study by utilizing a murine model of POWV infection. Using POWV lethal and sub-lethal challenge models, we show that (1) robust B and T cell responses are necessary for immune protection, (2) POWV lethality can be attributed to both viral- and host-mediated drivers of disease, and (3) knowledge of the immune correlates of protection against POWV can be applied in a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccination approach that provides protection from lethal POWV challenge. Identification of these immune protection factors is significant as it will aid in the rational design of POWV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Colleen Wagner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Cody German
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jessica L Smith
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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3
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Wojcik I, Schmidt DE, de Neef LA, Rab MAE, Meek B, de Weerdt O, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Zwaginga JJ, de Haas M, Falck D, Vidarsson G. A functional spleen contributes to afucosylated IgG in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24045. [PMID: 34911982 PMCID: PMC8674363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lymphoid organ, the spleen hosts a wide range of immune cell populations, which not only remove blood-borne antigens, but also generate and regulate antigen-specific immune responses. In particular, the splenic microenvironment has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in adaptive immune responses to enveloped viral infections and alloantigens. During both types of immunizations, antigen-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) have been characterized by the reduced amount of fucose present on N-linked glycans of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. These glycans are essential for mediating the induction of immune effector functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that a spleen may modulate humoral responses and serve as a preferential site for afucosylated IgG responses, which potentially play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis. To determine the role of the spleen in IgG-Fc glycosylation, we performed IgG subclass-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of Fc glycosylation in a large cohort of individuals splenectomized due to trauma, due to ITP, or spherocytosis. IgG-Fc fucosylation was consistently increased after splenectomy, while no effects for IgG-Fc galactosylation and sialylation were observed. An increase in IgG1- and IgG2/3-Fc fucosylation level upon splenectomy has been reported here for the first time, suggesting that immune responses occurring in the spleen may be particularly prone to generate afucosylated IgG responses. Surprisingly, the level of total IgG-Fc fucosylation was decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, our results suggest a yet unrecognized role of the spleen in either the induction or maintenance of afucosylated IgG responses by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojcik
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - David E Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Okke de Weerdt
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Beyer ASL, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Evert K, Lupp A. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Adaptor Protein FAM159B Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212250. [PMID: 34830137 PMCID: PMC8621455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM159B is a so-called adaptor protein. These proteins are essential components in numerous cell signalling pathways. However, little is known regarding FAM159B expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues. The commercially available rabbit polyclonal anti-human FAM159B antibody HPA011778 was initially characterised for its specificity using Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry and then applied to a large series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic human tissue samples. Confirmation of FAM159B's predicted size and antibody specificity was achieved in BON-1 cells, a neuroendocrine tumour cell line endogenously expressing FAM159B, using targeted siRNA. Immunocytochemical experiments additionally revealed cytoplasmic expression of the adaptor protein. Immunohistochemical staining detected FAM159B expression in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissues such as the cortex, the trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root and intestinal ganglia, the pancreatic islets and the neuroendocrine cells of the bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal tract, but also in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta. FAM159B was also expressed in many of the 28 tumour entities investigated, with high levels in medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, lung and ovarian carcinomas, lymphomas and neuroendocrine tumours of different origins. The antibody HPA011778 can act as a useful tool for basic research and identifying FAM159B expression in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany;
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany;
| | - Katja Evert
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, 04474 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9325678; Fax: +49-3641-9325652
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5
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Xu Q, Guo J, Ma F, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu X, Li X, Jiang M, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Li Q, Chai S, Wang R, Ma Q, Zhang E, Zhang G. A novel linear epitope at the C-terminal region of the classical swine fever virus E2 protein elicits neutralizing activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:837-846. [PMID: 34403672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus, which causes serious economic losses. The re-emergence of the disease in Japan in 2018 has increased awareness of CSFV. In this study, Balb/c mice were immunized with plant-derived E2 protein, and four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 4B11, 7B3, 11A5 and 6F3 were generated. Two of these mAbs, 4B11 and 7B3, effectively blocked CSFV infection of PK-15 cells. Both mAbs recognized a novel linear epitope, 256CLIGNTTVKVHASDER271. The neutralizing ability of anti-CSFV serum decreased 63%, when pre-incubated with the linear peptide at 200 μg/mL. Structural analysis showed that this linear epitope is present at the border of Domain C and Domain D on the surface of the E2 protein. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the epitope was conserved in different subgroups of CSFV but not in other members of the Pestivirus genus. Consistently with the analysis above, this epitope distinguished antibodies against CSFV from those against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Our study provides an ideal candidate peptide for new vaccine design and differential diagnosis of CSFV. These findings will contribute to the control and eradication of classical swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fanshu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linke Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangxiang Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institution of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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6
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Ganaie SS, Schwarz MM, McMillen CM, Price DA, Feng AX, Albe JR, Wang W, Miersch S, Orvedahl A, Cole AR, Sentmanat MF, Mishra N, Boyles DA, Koenig ZT, Kujawa MR, Demers MA, Hoehl RM, Moyle AB, Wagner ND, Stubbs SH, Cardarelli L, Teyra J, McElroy A, Gross ML, Whelan SPJ, Doench J, Cui X, Brett TJ, Sidhu SS, Virgin HW, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Lrp1 is a host entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus. Cell 2021; 184:5163-5178.e24. [PMID: 34559985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic pathogen with pandemic potential. RVFV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (Gn), but host entry factors remain poorly defined. Our genome-wide CRISPR screen identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (mouse Lrp1/human LRP1), heat shock protein (Grp94), and receptor-associated protein (RAP) as critical host factors for RVFV infection. RVFV Gn directly binds to specific Lrp1 clusters and is glycosylation independent. Exogenous addition of murine RAP domain 3 (mRAPD3) and anti-Lrp1 antibodies neutralizes RVFV infection in taxonomically diverse cell lines. Mice treated with mRAPD3 and infected with pathogenic RVFV are protected from disease and death. A mutant mRAPD3 that binds Lrp1 weakly failed to protect from RVFV infection. Together, these data support Lrp1 as a host entry factor for RVFV infection and define a new target to limit RVFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safder S Ganaie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madeline M Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia M McMillen
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Price
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie X Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph R Albe
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shane Miersch
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aidan R Cole
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica F Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devin A Boyles
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Koenig
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Kujawa
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Demers
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita McElroy
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Brett
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Current address: Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Choi JH, Kim JY, Yi MH, Kim M, Yong TS. Anisakis pegreffii Extract Induces Airway Inflammation with Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model System. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:2522305. [PMID: 34580637 PMCID: PMC8464433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2522305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the respiratory system to the Anisakis pegreffii L3 crude extract (AE) induces airway inflammation; however, the mechanism underlying this inflammatory response remains unknown. AE contains allergens that promote allergic inflammation; exposure to AE may potentially lead to asthma. In this study, we aimed to establish a murine model to assess the effects of AE on characteristic features of chronic asthma, including airway hypersensitivity (AHR), airway inflammation, and airway remodeling. Mice were sensitized for five consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. AHR, lung inflammation, and airway remodeling were evaluated 24 h after the last exposure. Lung inflammation and airway remodeling were assessed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To confirm the immune response in the lungs, changes in gene expression in the lung tissue were assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The levels of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in blood and cytokine levels in the BALF, splenocyte, and lung lymph node (LLN) culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. An increase in AHR was prominently observed in AE-exposed mice. Epithelial proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the BALF and lung tissue sections. Collagen deposition was detected in lung tissues. AE exposure increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in the lung, as well as the levels of antibodies specific to AE. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were upregulated only in LLN. These findings indicate that an increase in IL-4+ CD4+ T cells in the LLN and splenocyte resulted in increased Th2 response to AE exposure. Exposure of the respiratory system to AE resulted in an increased allergen-induced Th2 inflammatory response and AHR through accumulation of inflammatory and IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and collagen deposition. It was confirmed that A. pegreffii plays an essential role in causing asthma in mouse models and has the potential to cause similar effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-hee Yi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Voss C, Esmail S, Liu X, Knauer MJ, Ackloo S, Kaneko T, Lowes L, Stogios P, Seitova A, Hutchinson A, Yusifov F, Skarina T, Evdokimova E, Loppnau P, Ghiabi P, Haijan T, Zhong S, Abdoh H, Hedley BD, Bhayana V, Martin CM, Slessarev M, Chin-Yee B, Fraser DD, Chin-Yee I, Li SS. Epitope-specific antibody responses differentiate COVID-19 outcomes and variants of concern. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148855. [PMID: 34081630 PMCID: PMC8410046 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe role of humoral immunity in COVID-19 is not fully understood, owing, in large part, to the complexity of antibodies produced in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is a pressing need for serology tests to assess patient-specific antibody response and predict clinical outcome.METHODSUsing SARS-CoV-2 proteome and peptide microarrays, we screened 146 COVID-19 patients' plasma samples to identify antigens and epitopes. This enabled us to develop a master epitope array and an epitope-specific agglutination assay to gauge antibody responses systematically and with high resolution.RESULTSWe identified linear epitopes from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and showed that the epitopes enabled higher resolution antibody profiling than the S or N protein antigen. Specifically, we found that antibody responses to the S-811-825, S-881-895, and N-156-170 epitopes negatively or positively correlated with clinical severity or patient survival. Moreover, we found that the P681H and S235F mutations associated with the coronavirus variant of concern B.1.1.7 altered the specificity of the corresponding epitopes.CONCLUSIONEpitope-resolved antibody testing not only affords a high-resolution alternative to conventional immunoassays to delineate the complex humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and differentiate between neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies, but it also may potentially be used to predict clinical outcome. The epitope peptides can be readily modified to detect antibodies against variants of concern in both the peptide array and latex agglutination formats.FUNDINGOntario Research Fund (ORF) COVID-19 Rapid Research Fund, Toronto COVID-19 Action Fund, Western University, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Foundation, and Academic Medical Organization of Southwestern Ontario (AMOSO) Innovation Fund.
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MESH Headings
- Agglutination Tests/methods
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- COVID-19/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/mortality
- COVID-19 Serological Testing/methods
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Microarray Analysis/methods
- Nucleocapsid/chemistry
- Nucleocapsid/genetics
- Nucleocapsid/immunology
- Peptides/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael J. Knauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Lori Lowes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Skarina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Evdokimova
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Loppnau
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pegah Ghiabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taraneh Haijan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Husam Abdoh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin D. Hedley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vipin Bhayana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudio M. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Douglas D. Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Chin-Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Clarkson KA, Talaat KR, Alaimo C, Martin P, Bourgeois AL, Dreyer A, Porter CK, Chakraborty S, Brubaker J, Elwood D, Frölich R, DeNearing B, Weerts HP, Feijoo B, Halpern J, Sack D, Riddle MS, Fonck VG, Kaminski RW. Immune response characterization in a human challenge study with a Shigella flexneri 2a bioconjugate vaccine. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103308. [PMID: 33813141 PMCID: PMC8047506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality affecting all ages, but especially children under the age of five in resource-limited settings. Shigella is a leading contributor to diarrheal diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and is considered a significant antimicrobial resistance threat. While improvements in hygiene, and access to clean water help as control measures, vaccination remains one of the most viable options for significantly reducing morbidity and mortality. METHODS Flexyn2a is a bioconjugate vaccine manufactured using novel conjugation methodologies enzymatically linking the O-polysaccharide of S. flexneri 2a to exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protective capacity of Flexyn2a was assessed in a controlled human infection model after two intramuscular immunizations. Immune responses pre- and post-immunization and/or infection were investigated and are described here. FINDINGS Flexyn2a induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific serum IgG responses post-immunization which were associated with protection against shigellosis. Additionally, several other immune parameters, including memory B cell responses, bactericidal antibodies and serum IgA, were also elevated in vaccinees protected against shigellosis. Immunization with Flexyn2a also induced gut-homing, LPS-specific IgG and IgA secreting B cells, indicating the vaccine induced immune effectors functioning at the site of intestinal infection. INTERPRETATION Collectively, the results of these immunological investigations provide insights into protective immune mechanisms post-immunization with Flexyn2a which can be used to further guide vaccine development and may have applicability to the larger Shigella vaccine field. FUNDING Funding for this study was provided through a Wellcome Trust grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Clarkson
- Department of Enteric Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Chad K Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessica Brubaker
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Elwood
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Barbara DeNearing
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hailey P Weerts
- Department of Enteric Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Brittany Feijoo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jane Halpern
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Robert W Kaminski
- Department of Enteric Infections, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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10
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Hollemans MS, de Vries Reilingh G, de Vries S, Parmentier HK, Lammers A. Effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on antibody levels in early and later life of broiler chickens. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 117:103954. [PMID: 33309542 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune maturation of broiler chickens may be affected by management, such as early life feeding strategy (early versus delayed nutrition) or by low or high sanitary conditions (LSC versus HSC). We compared systemic maternal (MAb), natural (NAb), natural auto- (NAAb), and antigen specific antibody (SpAb) levels (IgM, IgY) between broilers (n = 48 per treatment) that received early (EN) or delayed nutrition for 72 h (DN) housed in either low (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) between 7 and 35 d of age. We found minimal interactions between feeding strategy and sanitary conditions. At 7 d of age, broilers receiving EN compared with DN, had elevated levels of IgM binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), phosphoryl-conjugated ovalbumin (PC-OVA), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), whereas effects of feeding strategy diminished at later ages. In LSC compared with HSC broilers, levels of NAb agglutinating RRBC and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were already elevated from 14 d of age onwards. At 33 d of age, antibody levels (NAb, NAAb, anti-LPS, anti-MDP) were all elevated in LSC, compared with HSC broilers, for both IgM and IgY, but not IgM against KLH. Western blotting revealed different binding patterns of NAAb against chicken liver homogenate, which may indicate that the NAAb repertoire is affected by antigenic pressure. Our data suggest that antibody levels are affected for an important part by environmental conditions (feeding strategy and sanitary conditions), but minimally by their interaction. However, it remains to be further studied whether the enhanced levels of antibodies as initiated by EN and LSC contribute to enhanced resistance to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hollemans
- Coppens Diervoeding B.V, PO Box 79, NL-5700AB, Helmond, the Netherlands; Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - G de Vries Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S de Vries
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Liu R, Americo JL, Cotter CA, Earl PL, Erez N, Peng C, Moss B. One or two injections of MVA-vectored vaccine shields hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026785118. [PMID: 33688035 PMCID: PMC8000198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026785118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-restricted smallpox vaccine, and numerous clinical studies of recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are in progress. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Modifications of full-length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site, and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) is flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced antibodies, which neutralized a pseudovirus in vitro and, upon passive transfer, protected hACE2 transgenic mice from lethal infection with SARS-CoV-2, as well as S-specific CD3+CD8+IFNγ+ T cells. Antibody boosting occurred following a second rMVA or adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Immunity conferred by a single vaccination of hACE2 mice prevented morbidity and weight loss upon intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 3 wk or 7 wk later. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 and subgenomic viral mRNAs in the lungs and greatly reduced induction of cytokine and chemokine mRNAs. A low amount of virus was found in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of low levels of subgenomic mRNAs in turbinates indicated that replication was aborted in immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Liu
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey L Americo
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Catherine A Cotter
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Patricia L Earl
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Noam Erez
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chen Peng
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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12
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Sakaguchi A, Nakajima C, Sawano A, Tanaka Y, Kurihara Y. Rapid and reliable hybridoma screening method that is suitable for production of functional structure-recognizing monoclonal antibody. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:696-702. [PMID: 33745778 PMCID: PMC7972868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are extremely valuable functional biomaterials that are widely used not only in life science research but also in antibody drugs and test drugs. There is also a strong need to develop high-quality neutralizing antibodies as soon as possible in order to stop the rapid spread of new infectious diseases such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study has developed a membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method for obtaining high-quality monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and high speed. In addition to these advantages, this paper demonstrates that the MIHS method can selectively obtain monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the functional structure of proteins. The MIHS method is a useful technology that greatly contributes to the research community because it can be easily introduced in any laboratory that uses a flow cytometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nakajima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sawano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Engineering Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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13
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Hu X, Wu C, Situ B, Tian P, An T, Li Q, Pan W, Zhang R, Yang B, Sun D, Hu Y, Wang Q, Zheng L. EDTA-K 2 Improves the Detection Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibodies by Chelating Colloidal Gold in the Immunochromatographic Assay. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:715-724. [PMID: 33542626 PMCID: PMC7853433 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s281594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is now rapidly spreading globally. Serological tests are an important method to assist in the diagnosis of COVID-19, used for epidemiological investigations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different types of vacuum collection tubes on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, using the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 112 patients with COVID-19 and 200 healthy control subjects with no infection were enrolled in this study. Their serum and plasma were collected into four different types of vacuum blood collection tubes. SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG specific antibodies in the plasma and serum were then detected by GICA and chemiluminescence assay (CA), respectively. In addition, the particle sizes of different colloidal gold solutions in the presence of different anticoagulants and coagulants were evaluated by both laser diffraction (Malvern) and confocal laser microscope, respectively. RESULTS Our results revealed that anticoagulated plasma with EDTA-K2 improved the positive detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies. Furthermore, our results shown that the detection results by GICA and CA were highly consistent, especially, the results of EDTA-K2 anticoagulated plasma detected by GICA was more consistent with CA results. We confirmed that EDTA-K2 could improve the detection sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by chelating excessive colloidal gold compared with sodium citrate or lithium heparin, these methodologies did not appear to cause false positives. Colloidal gold particles could be chelated and aggregated by EDTA-K2, but not by sodium citrate, lithium heparin and coagulants. CONCLUSION GICA is widely used to detect antibodies for the advantages of convenient, fast, low cost, suitable for screening large sample and require minimal equipment. In this study, we found that EDTA-K2 amplified the positive antibody signal by chelating colloidal gold and improved the detection sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies when using the GICA. Therefore, we suggested that EDTA-K2 anticoagulated plasma was more suitable for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changmeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peifu Tian
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan430010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taixue An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilun Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehua Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Hu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan430010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Kanno T, Adachi Y, Ohashi-Doi K, Matsuhara H, Hiratsuka R, Ishibashi KI, Yamanaka D, Ohno N. Latent 1,3-β-D-glucan acts as an adjuvant for allergen-specific IgE production induced by Japanese cedar pollen exposure. Allergol Int 2021; 70:105-113. [PMID: 32919904 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen grains of several plant species contain 1,3-β-D-glucan (BG). BG activates dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently regulates the innate immune responses. Within Japan, the most common disease associated with type-I hypersensitivity is Japanese cedar pollinosis. However, the role of BG in Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) remains unclear. This study examined the localization and immunological effects of BG in JCP. METHODS The localization of BG in JCP grain was determined by immunohistochemical staining using a soluble dectin-1 protein probe and a BG recognition protein (BGRP). The content of BG extracted from JCP was measured by a BGRP-based ELISA-like assay. The cytokine production by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) obtained from wild-type and BG receptor (dectin-1) knock-out mice was examined in vitro. The mice were intranasally administered JCP grains and the specific serum Ig levels were then quantified. RESULTS BG was detected in the exine and cell wall of the generative cell and tube cell of the JCP grain. Moreover, BG in the exine stimulated production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BMDCs via a dectin-1-dependent mechanism. Meanwhile, JCP-specific IgE and IgG were detected in the serum of wild-type mice that had been intranasally administered with JCP grains. These mice also exhibited significantly enhanced sneezing behavior. However, dectin-1 knock-out mice exhibited significantly lower JCP-specific IgE and IgG levels compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Latent BG in JCP can act as an adjuvant to induce JCP-specific antibody production via dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Matsuhara
- Research Laboratory, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Hiratsuka
- Division of Biology, Department of Natural Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Niborski LL, Potenza M, Chirivi RGS, Simonetti L, Ossowski MS, Grippo V, May M, Staquicini DI, Parodi-Talice A, Robello C, Comini MA, Alonso GD, Raats JMH, Gómez KA. Recombinant antibody against Trypanosoma cruzi from patients with chronic Chagas heart disease recognizes mammalian nervous system. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103206. [PMID: 33429173 PMCID: PMC7809174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To deeply understand the role of antibodies in the context of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, we decided to characterize A2R1, a parasite antibody selected from single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries constructed from B cells of chronic Chagas heart disease patients. METHODS Immunoblot, ELISA, cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize A2R1 reactivity. To identify the antibody target, we performed an immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry and confirmed A2R1 specific interaction by producing the antigen in different expression systems. Based on these data, we carried out a comparative in silico analysis of the protein target´s orthologues, focusing mainly on post-translational modifications. FINDINGS A2R1 recognizes a parasite protein of ~50 kDa present in all life cycle stages of T. cruzi, as well as in other members of the kinetoplastid family, showing a defined immunofluorescence labeling pattern consistent with the cytoskeleton. A2R1 binds to tubulin, but this interaction relies on its post-translational modifications. Interestingly, this antibody also targets mammalian tubulin only present in brain, staining in and around cell bodies of the human peripheral and central nervous system. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of a human antibody against T. cruzi tubulin capable of cross-reacting with a human neural protein. This work re-emphasizes the role of molecular mimicry between host and parasitic antigens in the development of pathological manifestations of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia L Niborski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Potenza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Micaela S Ossowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Grippo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria May
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Staquicini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología e Parasitología, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Parodi-Talice
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo D Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Karina A Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lopez E, van Heerden J, Bosch-Camós L, Accensi F, Navas MJ, López-Monteagudo P, Argilaguet J, Gallardo C, Pina-Pedrero S, Salas ML, Salt J, Rodriguez F. Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121474. [PMID: 33371460 PMCID: PMC7767464 DOI: 10.3390/v12121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has become the major threat for the global swine industry. Furthermore, the epidemiological situation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in some endemic regions of Sub-Saharan Africa is worse than ever, with multiple virus strains and genotypes currently circulating in a given area. Despite the recent advances on ASF vaccine development, there are no commercial vaccines yet, and most of the promising vaccine prototypes available today have been specifically designed to fight the genotype II strains currently circulating in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated the ability of BA71∆CD2, a recombinant LAV lacking CD2v, to confer protection against homologous (BA71) and heterologous genotype I (E75) and genotype II (Georgia2007/01) ASFV strains, both belonging to same clade (clade C). Here, we extend these results using BA71∆CD2 as a tool trying to understand ASFV cross-protection, using phylogenetically distant ASFV strains. We first observed that five out of six (83.3%) of the pigs immunized once with 106 PFU of BA71∆CD2 survived the tick-bite challenge using Ornithodoros sp. soft ticks naturally infected with RSA/11/2017 strain (genotype XIX, clade D). Second, only two out of six (33.3%) survived the challenge with Ken06.Bus (genotype IX, clade A), which is phylogenetically more distant to BA71∆CD2 than the RSA/11/2017 strain. On the other hand, homologous prime-boosting with BA71∆CD2 only improved the survival rate to 50% after Ken06.Bus challenge, all suffering mild ASF-compatible clinical signs, while 100% of the pigs immunized with BA71∆CD2 and boosted with the parental BA71 virulent strain survived the lethal challenge with Ken06.Bus, without almost no clinical signs of the disease. Our results confirm that cross-protection is a multifactorial phenomenon that not only depends on sequence similarity. We believe that understanding this complex phenomenon will be useful for designing future vaccines for ASF-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lopez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Juanita van Heerden
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Laia Bosch-Camós
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Francesc Accensi
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
- Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Navas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Paula López-Monteagudo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Carmina Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sonia Pina-Pedrero
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
| | - Maria Luisa Salas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jeremy Salt
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.-C.); (F.A.); (M.J.N.); (P.L.-M.); (J.A.); (S.P.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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Odagiri K, Yoshizawa N, Sakihara H, Umeda K, Rahman S, Nguyen SV, Suzuki T. Development of Genotype-Specific Anti-Bovine Rotavirus A Immunoglobulin Yolk Based on a Current Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bovine Rotaviruses A Collected in Japan during 2017-2020. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121386. [PMID: 33287460 PMCID: PMC7761885 DOI: 10.3390/v12121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus A (RVA), a major causative pathogen of diarrhea in dairy and Japanese beef calves, has led to severe economic losses in numerous countries. A dual genotyping system based on genomic segments encoding VP7 (G genotype) and VP4 (P genotype), comprising the outer layer of the virion, has been used to understand the epidemiological dynamics of RVAs at the national and global levels. This study aimed to investigate occurrence frequency of G and P genotypes for multiple bovine RVAs from calf diarrheic samples collected in Japan from 2017 to 2020. After we produced anti-bovine RVA immunoglobulin yolks (IgYs) from hens immunized with the two RVAs with different genotypes (G6P[5] and G10P[11]) selected on the basis of the current epidemiological survey, we investigated cross-reactivity against bovine RVAs with different G and P combinations owing to establish a useful strategy to protect calves from RVA infections using the two IgYs. Consequently, the two produced anti-bovine IgYs showed strong cross-reactivity against bovine RVAs with the same G and/or P genotypes in neutralization assay, respectively. Therefore, our data suggest the possibility of a passive immunization to protect calves from a bovine RVA infections epidemic in Japan via oral administration of the two IgYs into calves. The findings presented herein will provide important information that IgY is one of the effective tools to prevent infections of various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Odagiri
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan K.K., Gifu 501-1101, Japan; (K.O.); (H.S.); (K.U.); (S.R.); (S.V.N.)
| | - Nobuki Yoshizawa
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan;
- Ehime Prefectural Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, Toon, Ehime 791-0212, Japan
| | - Hisae Sakihara
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan K.K., Gifu 501-1101, Japan; (K.O.); (H.S.); (K.U.); (S.R.); (S.V.N.)
| | - Koji Umeda
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan K.K., Gifu 501-1101, Japan; (K.O.); (H.S.); (K.U.); (S.R.); (S.V.N.)
| | - Shofiqur Rahman
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan K.K., Gifu 501-1101, Japan; (K.O.); (H.S.); (K.U.); (S.R.); (S.V.N.)
| | - Sa Van Nguyen
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan K.K., Gifu 501-1101, Japan; (K.O.); (H.S.); (K.U.); (S.R.); (S.V.N.)
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zheng Z, Liu M, Meng F, Zhang W, Zhang L. Differential distribution and potential regulatory roles of estrogen receptor 2a and 2b in the pituitary of ricefield eel Monopterus albus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113554. [PMID: 32687932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play important regulatory roles in the pituitary of vertebrates. Two forms of estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2), namely Esr2a and Esr2b, are identified in teleosts, but their differential roles remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, expression and potential functional roles of Esr2a and Esr2b were characterized in ricefield eels. esr2a and esr2b mRNA were broadly distributed in tissues, with high levels observed in the brain, pituitary, and gonads. In order to examine the cellular localization of Esr2a and Esr2b in the pituitary, specific antisera against ricefield eel Esr2a and Esr2b were generated, respectively. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that Esr2a and Esr2b were differentially distributed in the pituitary, with the former localized to the adenohypophysis while the latter to the neurohypophysis. Dual fluorescent immunostaining showed that immunoreactive Esr2a was present in Gh and Prl cells, but not in Lh and Fsh cells. Estradiol (E2) stimulated lhb and prl gene expression in dispersed pituitary cells of intersexual ricefield eels, but had no effects on gh, fshb, and gnrhr2 gene expression and Gh release. Results of the present study are helpful for further understanding the roles and mechanisms of estrogen signals in the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zheng
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Minqi Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feiyan Meng
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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19
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Zhou T, Teng IT, Olia AS, Cerutti G, Gorman J, Nazzari A, Shi W, Tsybovsky Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Katsamba PS, Petrova Y, Banach BB, Fahad AS, Liu L, Lopez Acevedo SN, Madan B, Oliveira de Souza M, Pan X, Wang P, Wolfe JR, Yin M, Ho DD, Phung E, DiPiazza A, Chang LA, Abiona OM, Corbett KS, DeKosky BJ, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Ruckwardt T, Sullivan NJ, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108322. [PMID: 33091382 PMCID: PMC7550166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. Here, we design constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions include full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also design mutants that eliminate recognition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection range from ∼0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes are characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe is determined by cryoelectron microscopy. We also characterize antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bailey B Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sheila N Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacy R Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael Yin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukola M Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The success of antibody therapeutics is strongly influenced by their multifunctional nature that couples antigen recognition mediated by their variable regions with effector functions and half-life extension mediated by a subset of their constant regions. Nevertheless, the monospecific IgG format is not optimal for many therapeutic applications, and this has led to the design of a vast number of unique multispecific antibody formats that enable targeting of multiple antigens or multiple epitopes on the same antigen. Despite the diversity of these formats, a common challenge in generating multispecific antibodies is that they display suboptimal physical and chemical properties relative to conventional IgGs and are more difficult to develop into therapeutics. Here we review advances in the design and engineering of multispecific antibodies with drug-like properties, including favorable stability, solubility, viscosity, specificity and pharmacokinetic properties. We also highlight emerging experimental and computational methods for improving the next generation of multispecific antibodies, as well as their constituent antibody fragments, with natural IgG-like properties. Finally, we identify several outstanding challenges that need to be addressed to increase the success of multispecific antibodies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali S. Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.S.S.); (C.N.S.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Craig N. Streu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.S.S.); (C.N.S.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224, USA
| | - Lina Wu
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.S.S.); (C.N.S.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Kharrazian D, Herbert M, Vojdani A. Cross-Reactivity between Chemical Antibodies Formed to Serum Proteins and Thyroid Axis Target Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197324. [PMID: 33023043 PMCID: PMC7583776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In some instances, when chemicals bind to proteins, they have the potential to induce a conformational change in the macromolecule that may misfold in such a way that makes it similar to the various target sites or act as a neoantigen without conformational change. Cross-reactivity then can occur if epitopes of the protein share surface topology to similar binding sites. Alteration of peptides that share topological equivalence with alternating side chains can lead to the formation of binding surfaces that may mimic the antigenic structure of a variant peptide or protein. We investigated how antibodies made against thyroid target sites may bind to various chemical–albumin compounds where binding of the chemical has induced human serum albumin (HSA) misfolding. We found that specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies developed against thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, 5′-deiodinase, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) bound to various chemical HSA compounds. Our study identified a new mechanism through which chemicals bound to circulating serum proteins lead to structural protein misfolding that creates neoantigens, resulting in the development of antibodies that bind to key target proteins of the thyroid axis through protein misfolding. For demonstration of specificity of thyroid antibody binding to various haptenic chemicals bound to HSA, both serial dilution and inhibition studies were performed and proportioned to the dilution. A significant decline in these reactions was observed. This laboratory analysis of immune reactivity between thyroid target sites and chemicals bound to HSA antibodies identifies a new mechanism by which chemicals can disrupt thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datis Kharrazian
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martha Herbert
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
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22
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Chatterjee T, Knappik A, Sandford E, Tewari M, Choi SW, Strong WB, Thrush EP, Oh KJ, Liu N, Walter NG, Johnson-Buck A. Direct kinetic fingerprinting and digital counting of single protein molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22815-22822. [PMID: 32868420 PMCID: PMC7502736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008312117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitive and accurate quantification of protein biomarkers plays important roles in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Sandwich ELISA and its variants accomplish the capture and detection of a target protein via two antibodies that tightly bind at least two distinct epitopes of the same antigen and have been the gold standard for sensitive protein quantitation for decades. However, existing antibody-based assays cannot distinguish between signal arising from specific binding to the protein of interest and nonspecific binding to assay surfaces or matrix components, resulting in significant background signal even in the absence of the analyte. As a result, they generally do not achieve single-molecule sensitivity, and they require two high-affinity antibodies as well as stringent washing to maximize sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we show that surface capture with a high-affinity antibody combined with kinetic fingerprinting using a dynamically binding, low-affinity fluorescent antibody fragment differentiates between specific and nonspecific binding at the single-molecule level, permitting the direct, digital counting of single protein molecules with femtomolar-to-attomolar limits of detection (LODs). We apply this approach to four exemplary antigens spiked into serum, demonstrating LODs 55- to 383-fold lower than commercially available ELISA. As a real-world application, we establish that endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be quantified in 2-µL serum samples from chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy patients without washing away excess serum or detection probes, as is required in ELISA-based approaches. This kinetic fingerprinting thus exhibits great potential for the ultrasensitive, rapid, and streamlined detection of many clinically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Achim Knappik
- Life Science Group, Antibodies Division, Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, 82178 Puchheim, Germany
| | - Erin Sandford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - William B Strong
- Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA 94547
| | - Evan P Thrush
- Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA 94547
| | - Kenneth J Oh
- Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA 94547
| | - Ning Liu
- Life Science Group, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA 94547
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055;
| | - Alexander Johnson-Buck
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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23
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Köhler VK, Crescioli S, Fazekas-Singer J, Bax HJ, Hofer G, Pranger CL, Hufnagl K, Bianchini R, Flicker S, Keller W, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. Filling the Antibody Pipeline in Allergy: PIPE Cloning of IgE, IgG 1 and IgG 4 against the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5693. [PMID: 32784509 PMCID: PMC7460837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Birch pollen allergy is among the most prevalent pollen allergies in Northern and Central Europe. This IgE-mediated disease can be treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which typically gives rise to IgG antibodies inducing tolerance. Although the main mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are known, questions regarding possible Fc-mediated effects of IgG antibodies remain unanswered. This can mainly be attributed to the unavailability of appropriate tools, i.e., well-characterised recombinant antibodies (rAbs). We hereby aimed at providing human rAbs of several classes for mechanistic studies and as possible candidates for passive immunotherapy. We engineered IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 using Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) cloning. We tested IgE functionality and IgG blocking capabilities using appropriate model cell lines. In vitro studies showed IgE engagement with FcεRI and CD23 and Bet v 1-dependent degranulation. Overall, we hereby present fully functional, human IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against Bet v 1 and showcase possible applications in first mechanistic studies. Furthermore, our IgG antibodies might be useful candidates for passive immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Köhler
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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24
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Wen GP, He L, Tang ZM, Wang SL, Zhang X, Chen YZ, Lin X, Liu C, Chen JX, Ying D, Chen ZH, Wang YB, Luo WX, Huang SJ, Li SW, Zhang J, Zheng ZZ, Zhu J, Xia NS. Quantitative evaluation of protective antibody response induced by hepatitis E vaccine in humans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3971. [PMID: 32769993 PMCID: PMC7414844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy evaluation through human trials is crucial for advancing a vaccine candidate to clinics. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used to quantify B cell repertoire response and trace antibody lineages during vaccination. Here, we demonstrate this application with a case study of Hecolin®, the licensed vaccine for hepatitis E virus (HEV). Four subjects are administered the vaccine following a standard three-dose schedule. Vaccine-induced antibodies exhibit a high degree of clonal diversity, recognize five conformational antigenic sites of the genotype 1 HEV p239 antigen, and cross-react with other genotypes. Unbiased repertoire sequencing is performed for seven time points over six months of vaccination, with maturation pathways characterize for a set of vaccine-induced antibodies. In addition to dynamic repertoire profiles, NGS analysis reveals differential patterns of HEV-specific antibody lineages and highlights the necessity of the long vaccine boost. Together, our study presents a quantitative strategy for vaccine evaluation in small-scale human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zi-Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Si-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaohe Lin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dong Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ying-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wen-Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shou-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zi-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
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25
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Abstract
Natural environments can present diverse challenges, but some genotypes remain fit across many environments. Such "generalists" can be hard to evolve, outcompeted by specialists fitter in any particular environment. Here, inspired by the search for broadly neutralizing antibodies during B cell affinity maturation, we demonstrate that environmental changes on an intermediate timescale can reliably evolve generalists, even when faster or slower environmental changes are unable to do so. We find that changing environments on timescales comparable with evolutionary transients in a population enhance the rate of evolving generalists from specialists, without enhancing the reverse process. The yield of generalists is further increased in more complex dynamic environments, such as a "chirp" of increasing frequency. Our work offers design principles for how nonequilibrium fitness "seascapes" can dynamically funnel populations to genotypes unobtainable in static environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Sachdeva
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60627
| | - Kabir Husain
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60627
| | - Jiming Sheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shenshen Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Arvind Murugan
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60627;
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26
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Abstract
Immunoblotting allows detection of a protein antigen immobilized on the protein-retaining membrane support such as nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The detection of the protein of interest relies on the binding of an antibody that specifically recognizes the protein of interest exposed on the membrane. The protein of interest can be purified or mixed with other proteins as in cell or tissue extracts. Usually immunoblotting combines the resolution of proteins by gel electrophoresis with immunochemical detection and is referred to as "western blotting." Immunoblotting can be used to determine the presence and the steady-state level of the protein of interest in the sample, its relative molecular weight, and the distribution of the protein between cellular fractions. Immunoblotting can be performed using the antibodies raised against synthetic peptide antigens modified to mimic posttranslational modifications of proteins, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, to study these modifications in the protein of interest in vivo. When antibodies against the protein of interest are not available, immunoblotting can be performed using antibodies that specifically recognize the recombinant epitope tags (hemagglutinin [HA]-, Flag-, cMyc-, or glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) fused to the protein of interest using recombinant DNA techniques. Immunoblotting has a variety of research, clinical, and forensic medicine applications. It is also one of the standard techniques for characterization of antibodies from different samples of polyclonal sera or hybridoma supernatants.
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27
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Morozova OV, Panov VV, Bakhvalova VN. Innate and adaptive immunity in wild rodents spontaneously and experimentally infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 80:104187. [PMID: 31927073 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two dominant species of wild small rodents trapped in Novosibirsk region, South-Western Siberia, Russia differed in their susceptibility to the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection. TBEV RNA average detection rate for Northern red-backed vole Myodes rutilus (Pallas, 1779) (82.2 ± 5.8% blood samples and 63.1 ± 2.7% organ samples) significantly exceeded the corresponding values for the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) (47.0 ± 8.7% blood and 24.5 ± 2.8% organ samples) (p <0.001). Innate immunity may be one of possible reasons of the differences. Th1 cytokine gene expression distinguished between M. rutilus (12.5 ± 8.5%) and A. agrarius (66.6 ± 11.4%), whereas Th2 cytokine frequencies were statistically similar (81.8 ± 12.2% and 100.0%, respectively). Polarization indexes (PI) of the innate immunity calculated as ratio of Th2 to Th1 cytokine RNA detection rates for both M. rutilus (6.5) and A. agrarius (1.5) suggested Th2 mainly humoral immune response against persistent TBEV in natural mammalian hosts. Therefore, the TBEV-induced antibodies were analyzed by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. The TBEV-specific antibodies were detected in 74.8 ± 4.3% sera of M. rutilus and 67.3 ± 6.8% of A. agrarius. Among them HI antibodies were found in 4.8 ± 2.1% of the same analyzed sera of M. rutilus and in 6.0 ± 3.4% blood samples of A. agrarius only. To model the TBEV persistence both M. rutilus and A. agrarius were infected with the suspensions of the TBEV-infected ticks with further observations during 4 subsequent months. Detection rate of the TBEV RNA and antigen E remained high during the whole period, however, pathogenic for laboratory suckling mice virus was isolated up to 8 days postinfection. At late stages of the persistent infection (1-4 months) the TBEV RNA detection rate in northern red-backed voles remained high 70.6 ± 7.9% whereas in striped field mice significantly declined to 26.7 ± 9.2% (p < .001). Comparative analysis of the innate immunity of the wild rodents in 2 months postinfection showed similar frequencies of Th2 cytokine gene expression for M. rutilus (77.8 ± 10.1%) and A. agrarius (71.4 ± 12.5%) (p > .05) but Th1 cytokine mRNA detection rates were different (44.4 ± 12.5% and 85.7 ± 9.7%, respectively) (p < .05). In 2 months PI decreased from 6.5 until 1.75 for M. rutilus and from 1.5 until 0.83 for A. agrarius. Nevertheless, Th2 mainly humoral immune response was confirmed by direct detection of the TBEV-specific antibodies. HI and neutralizing antibodies were revealed in blood sera of the small rodents of both studied species in 30 days postinfection and remained at detectable levels during 4 months of observations. Accordingly, Th2 polarized innate immunity of small rodents might facilitate the TBEV intracellular persistence in the presence of HI and neutralization antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Morozova
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of the National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of N.F. Gamaleya of the Russian Ministry of Health, 16 Gamaleya Street, 123098 Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Victor V Panov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze Street, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina N Bakhvalova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze Street, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Jin Y, Gao H, Jorgensen R, Salloum J, Jian DI, Ng PK, Gangur V. Mechanisms of Wheat Allergenicity in Mice: Comparison of Adjuvant-Free vs. Alum-Adjuvant Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093205. [PMID: 32369940 PMCID: PMC7247356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat protein is considered a major type of food allergen in many countries including the USA. The mechanisms of allergenicity of wheat proteins are not well understood at present. Both adjuvant-based and adjuvant-free mouse models are reported for this food allergy. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms underlying wheat allergenicity in these two types of models are similar or different. Therefore, we compared the molecular mechanisms in a novel adjuvant-free (AF) model vs. a conventional alum-adjuvant (AA) model of wheat allergy using salt-soluble wheat protein (SSWP). In the AF model, Balb/cJ mice were sensitized with SSWP via skin exposure. In the AA model, mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of SSWP with alum. In both models, allergic reactions were elicited using an identical protocol. Robust IgE as well as mucosal mast cell protein-1 responses were elicited similarly in both models. However, an analysis of the spleen immune markers identified strikingly different molecular activation patterns in these two models. Furthermore, a number of immune markers associated with intrinsic allergenicity were also identified in both models. Since the AF model uses skin exposure without an adjuvant, the mechanisms in the AF model may more closely simulate the human wheat allergenicity mechanisms from skin exposure in occupational settings such as in the baking industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jin
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
| | - Haoran Gao
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
| | - Rick Jorgensen
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
| | - Jillian Salloum
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
| | - Dan Ioan Jian
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
| | - Perry K.W. Ng
- Cereal Science Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Venugopal Gangur
- Food Allergy & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.); (R.J.); (S.J.); (D.I.J.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Wisnewski AV, Liu J. Molecular Characterization and Experimental Utility of Monoclonal Antibodies with Specificity for Aliphatic Di- and Polyisocyanates. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 39:66-73. [PMID: 32302507 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic di- and polyisocyanates are crucial chemical ingredients in many industrial processes and are a well-recognized cause of occupational asthma. Serologic detection of "chemical epitopes" in biological samples could serve as an exposure surveillance approach toward disease prevention, and thus we sought to generate aliphatic isocyanate-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Three hybridomas were generated from Balb/c mice immunized with a commercial product containing a combination of uretdione, homopolymer, and monomeric forms of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Three stable hybridomas were subcloned by limiting dilution, two secreting IgG1κ and one secreting IgMκ mAb that bind aliphatic di- and polyisocyanates (conjugated to albumin), but not aromatic toluene or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (TDI or MDI). Each mAb demonstrates slight differences in epitope specificity, for example, recognition of hydrogenated MDI (HMDI) or different carrier proteins (transferrin, actin) reacted with vapor phase HDI, and is encoded by unique recombination of different germline antibody genes, with distinct complementary determining regions. By western blot, all three mAbs detect a molecule with characteristics of an albumin adduct uniquely in urine from mice skin exposed to a mixture of aliphatic di- and polyisocyanate. Together, the data define molecular determinants of humoral immune recognition of aliphatic di- and polyisocyanates through new mAbs, which will serve as useful research reagents and may be applicable to future exposure surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam V Wisnewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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30
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Sánchez Acosta G, Kinaciyan T, Kitzmüller C, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Bohle B. IgE-blocking antibodies following SLIT with recombinant Mal d 1 accord with improved apple allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:894-900.e2. [PMID: 32259540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that 16 weeks of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with recombinant (r) Mal d 1, but not rBet v 1, significantly improved birch pollen-related apple allergy. Allergen-specific IgE-blocking IgG antibodies have been associated with clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE We compared the quantity, quality, and IgE-blocking bioactivity of SLIT-induced Mal d 1-specific IgG antibodies in both treatment groups. METHODS Pre- and post-SLIT sera were assessed for rMal d 1-specific IgG antibodies in ELISA and for their ability to inhibit apple allergen-induced upregulation of CD63 on basophils from nontreated individuals with birch pollen-related apple allergy. Post-SLIT sera depleted of IgG1 or IgG4 were compared for their IgE-blocking activity. IgG1 binding to rMal d 1 was competed with rMal d 1 and rBet v 1 in ELISA. RESULTS SLIT with rMal d 1 and rBet v 1 induced comparable levels of rMal d 1-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies. Only post-rMal d 1 SLIT sera displayed IgE-blocking activity, which was significantly reduced by depletion of IgG1 and less so by IgG4 depletion. In competition ELISA, IgG1 binding to Mal d 1 in post-rMal d 1 SLIT sera was fully inhibited with rMal d 1 but not with rBet v 1. Correspondingly, Bet v 1 was the more potent competitor for IgG1 binding to Mal d 1 in post-rBet v 1 SLIT sera. CONCLUSION rMal d 1 SLIT for 16 weeks induced functional, primarily Mal d 1-specific IgE-blocking antibodies, whereas rBet v 1 SLIT induced Bet v 1-specific, Mal d 1-cross-reactive IgG antibodies with limited cross-blocking activity. These results provide a possible explanation for the limited effectiveness of birch pollen immunotherapy in birch pollen-related food allergy and indicate a dominant protective role of functional IgE-blocking IgG1 antibodies in the early phase of allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sánchez Acosta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Sayama Y, Sano M, Asano T, Furusawa Y, Takei J, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Okamoto S, Handa S, Komatsu Y, Nakamura Y, Yanagawa M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of PMab-241, a Lymphatic Endothelial Cell-Specific Anti-Bear Podoplanin Monoclonal Antibody. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 39:77-81. [PMID: 32240034 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-bear podoplanin (bPDPN) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including PMab-247 and PMab-241, have been previously established. Although PMab-247 has shown positive immunostaining for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), type I alveolar cells of the lung, and podocytes of the kidney, PMab-241 stains LECs but does not react with lung type I alveolar cells. PDPN possesses three platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains (PLAG1, PLAG2, and PLAG3) and the PLAG-like domain (PLD). The binding epitope of PMab-247 was previously determined to include bPDPN residues Asp76, Arg78, Glu80, and Arg82. Among these, Glu80 and Arg82 are included in PLD of bPDPN. The purpose of this study is to determine the binding epitope of PMab-241 and to clarify the difference between these two anti-bPDPN mAbs. Analysis of bPDPN deletion mutants revealed that the N-terminus of the PMab-241 epitope exists between amino acids (aa) 75 and 80 of bPDPN. In addition, analysis of bPDPN point mutants demonstrated that the critical epitope of PMab-241 includes Thr75, Asp76, and Arg78 of bPDPN. The binding epitopes of PMab-241 and PMab-247 seem to overlap, but this slight difference may be sufficient to provide the specificity of PMab-241 to discriminate LECs from type I alveolar cells of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saki Okamoto
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Handa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Komatsu
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Yanagawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kleski KA, Trabbic KR, Shi M, Bourgault JP, Andreana PR. Enhanced Immune Response Against the Thomsen-Friedenreich Tumor Antigen Using a Bivalent Entirely Carbohydrate Conjugate. Molecules 2020; 25:E1319. [PMID: 32183149 PMCID: PMC7144725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen is a key target for the development of anticancer vaccines, and this ongoing challenge remains relevant due to the poor immunogenicity of the TF antigen. To overcome this challenge, we adopted a bivalent conjugate design which introduced both the TF antigen and the Thomsen-nouveau (Tn) antigen onto the immunologically relevant polysaccharide A1 (PS A1). The immunological results in C57BL/6 mice revealed that the bivalent, Tn-TF-PS A1 conjugate increased the immune response towards the TF antigen as compared to the monovalent TF-PS A1. This phenomenon was first observed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) where the bivalent conjugate generated high titers of IgG antibodies where the monovalent conjugate generated an exclusive IgM response. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis also revealed increased binding events to the tumor cell lines MCF-7 and OVCAR-5, which are consistent with the enhanced tumor cell lysis observed in a complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. The cytokine profile generated by the bivalent construct revealed increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ. This increase in cytokine concentration was matched with an increase in cytokine producing cells as observed by ELISpot. We hypothesized the mechanisms for this phenomenon to involve the macrophage galactose N-acetylgalactosamine specific lectin 2 (MGL2). This hypothesis was supported by using biotinylated probes and recombinant MGL2 to measure carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter R. Andreana
- 2801 West Bancroft Street, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (K.A.K.); (K.R.T.); (M.S.); (J.-P.B.)
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33
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Bi J, Li F, Zhang M, Wang H, Lu J, Zhang Y, Ling H, Wang J, Gao F, Kong W, Yu B, Yu X. An HIV-1 vaccine based on bacterium-like particles elicits Env-specific mucosal immune responses. Immunol Lett 2020; 222:29-39. [PMID: 32173375 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although many vaccines have been designed to induce effective mucosal immune responses against HIV-1, designing an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a challenge. Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are a new type of vector used to induce mucosal immune responses, and have already been used for some vaccines against respiratory tract viruses. In this study, we designed a mucosal vaccine against HIV-1 based on BLPs. The vaccine was used to immunize both mice and guinea pigs via intramuscular (i.m.) injection or intranasal (i.n.) drip. We found that gp120 trimers bound to BLPs delivered via i.n. drip successfully induced Env-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) at mucosal sites in mice. Furthermore, nasal washes from guinea pigs immunized via i.n. drip showed neutralizing activity against HIV-1 tier 1 pseudoviruses. Thus, gp120 trimers bound to BLPs may be an effective vaccine strategy against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangshen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiaye Wang
- Key Lab of Heilongjiang Province for infection and Immunity, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Lab of Heilongjiang Province Education Bureau for Etiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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34
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Mazzoni E, Bononi I, Pietrobon S, Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Pugliatti M, Casetta I, Castellazzi M, Granieri E, Guerra G, Martini F, Tognon M. Specific antibodies reacting to JC polyomavirus capsid protein mimotopes in sera from multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases-affected patients. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5847-5855. [PMID: 32012272 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Published data support the hypothesis that viruses could be trigger agents of multiple sclerosis onset. This link is based on evidence of early exposure to viral agents in patients affected by this neurologic disease. JC (JC polyomavirus [JCPyV]), BK (BKPyV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) neurotropic polyomavirus footprints have been detected in brain tissue specimens and samples from patients affected by different neurological diseases. In this investigation, serum samples from patients affected by multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory and noninflammatory neurologic diseases, as well as healthy subjects representing the control, were investigated for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against JCPyV. To this end, an immunologic approach was employed, which consists of employing indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing with synthetic peptides mimicking viral capsid protein 1 antigens. A significantly lower prevalence of IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 epitopes, with a low titer, was detected in serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases than in healthy subjects. Our study indicates that the prevalence of JCPyV antibodies from patients with multiple sclerosis is 50% lower than in healthy subjects, suggesting specific immune impairments. These results indicate that patients affected by neurological diseases, including MS, respond poorly to JCPyV VP1 antigens, suggesting specific immunologic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialized Surgeries, Section of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Easterhoff D, Pollara J, Luo K, Tolbert WD, Young B, Mielke D, Jha S, O'Connell RJ, Vasan S, Kim J, Michael NL, Excler JL, Robb ML, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Sinangil F, Tartaglia J, Phogat S, Kepler TB, Alam SM, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Pazgier M, Haynes BF, Ferrari G. Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency. J Virol 2020; 94:e01120-19. [PMID: 31776278 PMCID: PMC6997759 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01120-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of protective antibodies is a critical goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. One strategy is to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) that kill virus-infected cells, as these antibody specificities have been implicated in slowing HIV-1 disease progression and in protection. HIV-1 Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) frequently mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), making them an important vaccine target. Here, we explore the effect of delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine recipients with AIDSVAX B/E on the C1C2-specific MAb repertoire. It was found that boosting increased clonal lineage-specific ADCC breadth and potency. A ligand crystal structure of a vaccine-induced broad and potent ADCC-mediating C1C2-specific MAb showed that it bound a highly conserved Env gp120 epitope. Thus, boosting to affinity mature these types of IgG C1C2-specific antibody responses may be one method by which to make an improved HIV vaccine with higher efficacy than that seen in the RV144 trial.IMPORTANCE Over one million people become infected with HIV-1 each year, making the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine an important unmet medical need. The RV144 human HIV-1 vaccine regimen is the only HIV-1 clinical trial to date to demonstrate vaccine efficacy. An area of focus has been on identifying ways by which to improve upon RV144 vaccine efficacy. The RV305 HIV-1 vaccine regimen was a follow-up boost of RV144 vaccine recipients that occurred 6 to 8 years after the conclusion of RV144. Our study focused on the effect of delayed boosting in humans on the vaccine-induced Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2)-specific antibody repertoire. It was found that boosting with an HIV-1 Env vaccine increased C1C2-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potency and breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kan Luo
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brianna Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jha
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Army Medical Directorate, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions of Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Engelberts PJ, Hiemstra IH, de Jong B, Schuurhuis DH, Meesters J, Beltran Hernandez I, Oostindie SC, Neijssen J, van den Brink EN, Horbach GJ, Verploegen S, Labrijn AF, Salcedo T, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI, Breij ECW. DuoBody-CD3xCD20 induces potent T-cell-mediated killing of malignant B cells in preclinical models and provides opportunities for subcutaneous dosing. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102625. [PMID: 31981978 PMCID: PMC6992935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DuoBody®-CD3xCD20 (GEN3013) is a full-length human IgG1 bispecific antibody (bsAb) recognizing CD3 and CD20, generated by controlled Fab-arm exchange. Its Fc domain was silenced by introduction of mutations L234F L235E D265A. Methods T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry following co-culture with tumour cells. Anti-tumour activity of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 was assessed in humanized mouse models in vivo. Non-clinical safety studies were performed in cynomolgus monkeys. Findings DuoBody-CD3xCD20 induced highly potent T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards malignant B cells in vitro. Comparison of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 to CD3 bsAb targeting alternative B-cell antigens, or to CD3xCD20 bsAb generated using alternative CD20 Ab, emphasized its exceptional potency. In vitro comparison with other CD3xCD20 bsAb in clinical development showed that DuoBody-CD3xCD20 was significantly more potent than three other bsAb with single CD3 and CD20 binding regions and equally potent as a bsAb with a single CD3 and two CD20 binding regions. DuoBody-CD3xCD20 showed promising anti-tumour activity in vivo, also in the presence of excess levels of a CD20 Ab that competes for binding. In cynomolgus monkeys, DuoBody-CD3xCD20 demonstrated profound and long-lasting B-cell depletion from peripheral blood and lymphoid organs, which was comparable after subcutaneous and intravenous administration. Peak plasma levels of DuoBody-CD3xCD20 were lower and delayed after subcutaneous administration, which was associated with a reduction in plasma cytokine levels compared to intravenous administration, while bioavailability was comparable. Interpretation Based on these preclinical studies, a clinical trial was initiated to assess the clinical safety of subcutaneous DuoBody-CD3xCD20 in patients with B-cell malignancies. Funding Genmab
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Mutation
- Recombinant Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dept of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Genmab, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dept of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage-derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for influenza A virus has been used since the 1940s. The assay may be utilized to detect or quantify antibodies to influenza A viruses and can be used to characterize differences in antigenic reactivity between influenza isolates. In addition, data from HI assays are routinely used for antigenic cartography, influenza virus surveillance, epidemiology, and vaccine-seed strain selection. For antibody quantification, the HI assay is a fast and inexpensive method; other than a source of red blood cells, no expensive or unusual lab equipment is needed, and results can be obtained within a few hours. Historically, the HI assay has also served as a primary method of subtype identification and is still used widely. However, as gene sequencing technology has evolved to be cheaper and faster, it is replacing the HI assay for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Spackman
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
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39
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Qi R, Sun XF, Qin XR, Wang LJ, Zhao M, Jiang F, Wang L, Lei XY, Liu JW, Yu XJ. Suggestive Serological Evidence of Infection with Shrew-Borne Imjin Virus ( Hantaviridae) in Humans. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121128. [PMID: 31817575 PMCID: PMC6949945 DOI: 10.3390/v11121128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the shrew-borne Imjin virus (MJNV) is unknown. The objective of our study was to find serological evidence of MJNV infection in humans. Partial MJNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) was cloned and expressed as an antigen for double-antigen sandwich ELISA, IgM capture ELISA, and dot blot to detect MJNV specific antibodies in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) patients’ and healthy persons’ sera from endemic areas in China. The purified recombinant NP reacted with neither the 90 healthy individuals’ sera from non-endemic areas of MJNV nor the 100 antisera to HFRS-causing virus, indicating that the MJNV NP had no cross-reaction with normal human sera and HFRS-causing viral antibodies. As determined by screening ELISA and dot blot analysis, IgG antibodies against MJNV NP were detected in sera from two of 385 healthy individuals from MJNV-endemic areas, suggesting infection with MJNV or MJNV-like thottimvirus. Based on the suggestive evidence, healthcare workers should be alert to febrile diseases occurring among individuals with exposure to shrew-infested habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
| | - Xi-Feng Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
| | - Fachun Jiang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255026, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lei
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (J.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-8782
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Biaz A, Raiss C, El-Amin G, Uwingabiye J, El-Machtani-Idrissi S, Dami A, Ouzzif Z, Bouhsain S. Better Resolution of Gel Electrophoresis than that of Capillary Electrophoresis: About a Case Report. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 31710450 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2019.190424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shehata L, Maurer DP, Wec AZ, Lilov A, Champney E, Sun T, Archambault K, Burnina I, Lynaugh H, Zhi X, Xu Y, Walker LM. Affinity Maturation Enhances Antibody Specificity but Compromises Conformational Stability. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3300-3308.e4. [PMID: 31553901 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have recently emerged as one of the most promising classes of biotherapeutics. A potential advantage of B cell-derived mAbs as therapeutic agents is that they have been subjected to natural filtering mechanisms, which may enrich for B cell receptors (BCRs) with favorable biophysical properties. Here, we evaluated 400 human mAbs for polyreactivity, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability using high-throughput screening assays. Overall, mAbs derived from memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) display reduced levels of polyreactivity, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability compared with naive B cell-derived mAbs. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is inversely associated with all three biophysical properties, as well as BCR expression levels. Finally, the developability profiles of the human B cell-derived mAbs are comparable with those observed for clinical mAbs, suggesting their high therapeutic potential. The results provide insight into the biophysical consequences of affinity maturation and have implications for therapeutic antibody engineering and development.
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Ding P, Jin Q, Chen X, Yang S, Guo J, Xing G, Deng R, Wang A, Zhang G. Nanovaccine Confers Dual Protection Against Influenza A Virus And Porcine Circovirus Type 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7533-7548. [PMID: 31571862 PMCID: PMC6754344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza A virus (IAV) is known for its high variability and poses a huge threat to the health of humans and animals. Pigs play a central role in the cross-species reassortment of IAV. Ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is the most conserved protective antigen in IAV and can be used to develop nanovaccines through nanoparticles displaying to increase its immunogenicity. However, the high immunogenicity of nanoparticles can cause the risk of off-target immune response, and excess unwanted antibodies may interfere with the protective efficacy of M2e-specific antibodies. Therefore, it is necessary to select reasonable nanoparticles to make full use of antibodies against nanoparticles while increasing the level of M2e-specific antibodies. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most susceptible virus in pigs and can promote IAV infection. It is meaningful to develop a vaccine that can simultaneously control swine influenza virus (SIV) and PCV2. METHODS In the present study, M2e of different copy numbers were inserted into the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 and expressed in Escherichia coli to form self-assembled chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) nanovaccine. BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized with these nanovaccines to explore optimal anti-IAV and anti-PCV2 immunity. RESULTS Cap is capable of carrying at least 81 amino acid residues (three copies of M2e) at its C-terminal without impairing VLPs formation. Cap-3M2e VLPs induced the highest levels of M2e-specific immune responses, conferring protection against lethal challenge of IAVs from different species and induced specific immune responses consistent with PCV2 commercial vaccines in mice. In addition, Cap-3M2e VLPs induced high levels of M2e-specific antibodies and PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies in pigs. CONCLUSION Cap-3M2e VLP is an economical and promising bivalent nanovaccine, which provides dual protection against IAV and PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Ding
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
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Pattyn J, Van Keer S, Tjalma W, Matheeussen V, Van Damme P, Vorsters A. Infection and vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions. A review of the literature. Papillomavirus Res 2019; 8:100185. [PMID: 31494291 PMCID: PMC6804463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects and propagates in the cervical mucosal epithelium. Hence, in addition to assessing systemic immunity, the accurate measurement of cervical immunity is important to evaluate local immune responses to HPV infection and vaccination. This review discusses studies that investigated the presence of infection and vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS). Methods We searched the two main health sciences databases, PubMed and the ISI Web of Science, from the earliest dates available to March 2019. From the eligible publications, information was extracted regarding: (i) study design, (ii) the reported HPV-specific antibody concentrations in CVS (and the associated serum levels, when provided), (iii) the CVS collection method, and (iv) the immunoassays used. Results The systematic search and selection process yielded 44 articles. The evidence of HPV-specific antibodies in CVS after natural infection (26/44) and HPV vaccination (18/44) is discussed. Many studies indicate that HPV-specific antibody detection in CVS is variable but feasible with a variety of collection methods and immunoassays. Most CVS samples were collected by cervicovaginal washing or wicks, and antibody presence was mostly determined by VLP-based ELISAs. The moderate to strong correlation between vaccine-induced antibody levels in serum and in CVS indicates that HPV vaccines generate antibodies that transudate through the cervical mucosal epithelium. Conclusion Although HPV-specific antibodies have lower titres in CVS than in serum samples, studies have shown that their detection in CVS is feasible. Nevertheless, the high variability of published observations and the lack of a strictly uniform, well-validated method for the collection, isolation and quantification of antibodies indicates a need for specific methods to improve and standardize the detection of HPV-specific antibodies in CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pattyn
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Severien Van Keer
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) (Belgium), Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, and Oncology (MIPRO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Matheeussen
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) (Belgium); Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp (Belgium); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Boyle MJ, Chan JA, Handayuni I, Reiling L, Feng G, Hilton A, Kurtovic L, Oyong D, Piera KA, Barber BE, William T, Eisen DP, Minigo G, Langer C, Drew DR, de Labastida Rivera F, Amante FH, Williams TN, Kinyanjui S, Marsh K, Doolan DL, Engwerda C, Fowkes FJI, Grigg MJ, Mueller I, McCarthy JS, Anstey NM, Beeson JG. IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax4489. [PMID: 31579826 PMCID: PMC6760923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on human immunity to malaria have focused on the roles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas the roles of IgM remain undefined. Analyzing multiple human cohorts to assess the dynamics of malaria-specific IgM during experimentally induced and naturally acquired malaria, we identified IgM activity against blood-stage parasites. We found that merozoite-specific IgM appears rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and is prominent during malaria in children and adults with lifetime exposure, together with IgG. Unexpectedly, IgM persisted for extended periods of time; we found no difference in decay of merozoite-specific IgM over time compared to that of IgG. IgM blocked merozoite invasion of red blood cells in a complement-dependent manner. IgM was also associated with significantly reduced risk of clinical malaria in a longitudinal cohort of children. These findings suggest that merozoite-specific IgM is an important functional and long-lived antibody response targeting blood-stage malaria parasites that contributes to malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Boyle
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
| | - J. A. Chan
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I. Handayuni
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - L. Reiling
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Feng
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Hilton
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Oyong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - K. A. Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B. E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - T. William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D. P. Eisen
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - C. Langer
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. R. Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - F. H. Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T. N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S. Kinyanjui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. L. Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F. J. I. Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - I. Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J. S. McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N. M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J. G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
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Gu J, Li Q, Chen B, Xu C, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Hu Z, Wang B. Species identification of Bombyx mori and Antheraea pernyi silk via immunology and proteomics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9381. [PMID: 31253818 PMCID: PMC6599025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the origin, transmission and communication of silk. However, this is still an unsolved mystery in archaeology. The identification of silk-producing species, especially silk produced by Bombyx mori (B. mori) and Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi), is of key significance to address this challenge. In this study, two innovative methods, i.e. immunology and proteomics, were proposed and successfully established for the species identification of silks. ELISAs result demonstrated that the two prepared antibodies exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing B. mori and A. pernyi silk. No cross-reactivity with each other was observed. Moreover, biomarkers were obtained for Bombyx and Antheraea through proteomic analysis. It was also confirmed that the biomarkers were suitable for identifying the species that produced a given silk sample. Compared with conventional methods for distinguishing silk species, immunological and proteomics techniques used in tandem can provide intact information and have the potential to provide accurate and reliable information for species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Boyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hailing Zheng
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
| | - Zhiqin Peng
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Ignat'eva NV, Ziganshina MM, Shilova NV, Khasbiullina NR, Bovin NV, Tyutyunnik VL, Sukhikh GT. Isolation of IgG Associated with Human Placenta. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:120-122. [PMID: 31183643 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We optimized the method of isolation of antibodies from placental tissue of a conventionally healthy patient. Four protocols of antibody isolation were evaluated and a protocol with tissue grinding (without homogenization) and successive elution of the antibodies with acidic and alkaline buffers was recommended for use. The repertoire of the isolated antibodies was characterized using a glycan array. Partial coincidence of the specificity of the isolated antibodies with antibodies in the peripheral blood was demonstrated, which indicates their possible association with carbohydrate antigens in the placenta. Identification of potential molecular targets of resident antibodies in the placenta is necessary for understanding the mechanisms of formation of immunological tolerance to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ignat'eva
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Ziganshina
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N V Shilova
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N R Khasbiullina
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Bovin
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V L Tyutyunnik
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G T Sukhikh
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Trabbic KR, Whalen K, Abarca-Heideman K, Xia L, Temme JS, Edmondson EF, Gildersleeve JC, Barchi JJ. A Tumor-Selective Monoclonal Antibody from Immunization with a Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5662. [PMID: 30952968 PMCID: PMC6450958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously studied the generation of immune responses after vaccination with tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-containing glycopeptides from the tandem repeat (TR) sequence of MUC4, an aberrantly expressed mucin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. A specific lead antigen from that study containing the Thomsen-Friedenreich TACA disaccharide facilitated the pursuit of a monoclonal antibody to this synthetic hapten. Initial evaluation of polyclonal antiserum resulting from immunization with a KLH conjugate of this glycopeptide into rabbits showed high titer antibodies by ELISA assays, and selective immunoreactivity with MUC4+ cells by western blot and flow cytometry techniques. Glycan microarray analysis showed an intriguing binding pattern where the antiserum showed near complete specificity for MUC4 TR glycopeptides and peptides, relative to all components on the array. Tissue staining also showed distinct tumor specificity to pancreatic tumor tissue in relation to normal pancreatic tissue, with a preference for more aggressive tumor foci. Based on this data, we produced a monoclonal antibody whose binding and reactivity profile was similar to that of the polyclonal serum, with the added benefit of being more specific for the N-terminal glycosylated peptide domain. This epitope represents a novel immunogen to potentially develop diagnostic antibodies or immunotherapies against various MUC4-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Trabbic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Li Xia
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Pathology and Histotechnology Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Cecon E, Ivanova A, Luka M, Gbahou F, Friederich A, Guillaume JL, Keller P, Knoch K, Ahmad R, Delagrange P, Solimena M, Jockers R. Detection of recombinant and endogenous mouse melatonin receptors by monoclonal antibodies targeting the C-terminal domain. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12540. [PMID: 30475390 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin receptors play important roles in the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, sleep, retinal functions, the immune system, depression, and type 2 diabetes development. Melatonin receptors are approved drug targets for insomnia, non-24-hour sleep-wake disorders, and major depressive disorders. In mammals, two melatonin receptors (MTRs) exist, MT1 and MT2 , belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Similar to most other GPCRs, reliable antibodies recognizing melatonin receptors proved to be difficult to obtain. Here, we describe the development of the first monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for mouse MT1 and MT2 . Purified antibodies were extensively characterized for specific reactivity with mouse, rat, and human MT1 and MT2 by Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. Several mABs were specific for either mouse MT1 or MT2 . None of the mABs cross-reacted with rat MTRs, and some were able to react with human MTRs. The specificity of the selected mABs was validated by immunofluorescence microscopy in three established locations (retina, suprachiasmatic nuclei, pituitary gland) for MTR expression in mice using MTR-KO mice as control. MT2 expression was not detected in mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells or pancreatic beta-cells. Collectively, we report the first monoclonal antibodies recognizing recombinant and native mouse melatonin receptors that will be valuable tools for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Molecular Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marine Luka
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Friederich
- Molecular Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Guillaume
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Keller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Knoch
- Molecular Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raise Ahmad
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy, France
| | - Michele Solimena
- Molecular Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Simopoulou M, Sfakianoudis K, Maziotis E, Grigoriadis S, Giannelou P, Rapani A, Tsioulou P, Pantou A, Kalampokas T, Vlahos N, Pantos K, Koutsilieris M. The Impact of Autoantibodies on IVF Treatment and Outcome: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E892. [PMID: 30791371 PMCID: PMC6412530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
- Assisted Conception Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76, Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Evangelos Maziotis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sokratis Grigoriadis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Polina Giannelou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece.
| | - Anna Rapani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Petroula Tsioulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Agni Pantou
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodoros Kalampokas
- Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Fertility Center-Assisted Reproduction Unit, Aberdeen AB25 2ZL, UK.
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Assisted Conception Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76, Vasilisis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Pantos
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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50
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Abstract
Engineering the fragment crystallizable (Fc) of human IgG can bring improved effector functions to monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion-based medicines and vaccines. Such Fc-effector functions are largely controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) within the Fc, including the addition of glycans that introduce structural and functional heterogeneity to this class of therapeutic. Here, we describe a detailed method to allow the detection of hyper-sialylated Fcs to glycan receptors that will facilitate the future development of new mAbs and Fc-fragment therapies and vaccines.
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