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Corral-Blanco M, Díaz Campos RM, Peláez A, Melero Moreno C. Beyond forced exhalation: impulse oscillometry as a promising tool for bronchial hyperresponsiveness evaluation. J Asthma 2024; 61:427-435. [PMID: 37999625 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2288316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The multiple forced expiratory maneuvers that must be performed during methacholine test require a high degree of collaboration and can lead to fatigue. However, impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a noninvasive test, quick and easy to perform, that does not require effort-dependent maneuvers. Objectives: The primary endpoint was to evaluate the relationship between IOS and spirometry during the methacholine test. The secondary endpoint was to study the predictive value of baseline IOS in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity. Methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional study, with recruitment of consecutive patients from the pulmonology department with clinical suspicion of bronchial asthma with negative bronchodilator test and normal FeNO. Results: Twenty-five patients were included, with a mean age of 49 ± 18 years. Thirteen patients (52%) had a positive methacholine test. The correlation between IOS indices and FEV1 was significant (p < 0.05) in all cases. The indices with the highest predictive power were R5-20 and AX. The optimal cutoff points were an increase of greater than 32.96% in R5, greater than 120.83% for X5, an increase of 30.30 [kPa l-1s-1] in R5-20, and an increase of 1.01 [kPa l-1] for AX. Baseline oscillometry demonstrated a strong predictive value in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity, with a sensitivity of 61.5% and a specificity of 91.7%, using the cut-off point of 160.0% for R5. Conclusions: IOS may be a valuable alternative to forced spirometry in detecting bronchial hyperreactivity during the methacholine test, showing a good correlation between both tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corral-Blanco
- Severe Asthma Unit, Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Díaz Campos
- Severe Asthma Unit, Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Peláez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-HM Hospitales, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Melero Moreno
- Institute for Health Research (i + 12), Hospital Universitario, Madrid, Spain
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Mank MM, Reed LF, Walton CJ, Barup MLT, Ather JL, Poynter ME. Therapeutic ketosis decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L243-L257. [PMID: 34936508 PMCID: PMC8782644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese asthmatics tend to have severe, poorly controlled disease and exhibit methacholine hyperresponsiveness manifesting in proximal airway narrowing and distal lung tissue collapsibility. Substantial weight loss in obese asthmatics or in mouse models of the condition decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone bodies are rapidly elevated during weight loss, coinciding with or preceding relief from asthma-related comorbidities. As ketone bodies may exert numerous potentially therapeutic effects, augmenting their systemic concentrations is being targeted for the treatment of several conditions. Circulating ketone body levels can be increased by feeding a ketogenic diet or by providing a ketone ester dietary supplement, which we hypothesized would exert protective effects in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Weight loss induced by feeding a low-fat diet to mice previously fed a high-fat diet was preceded by increased urine and blood levels of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Feeding a ketogenic diet for 3 wk to high-fat diet-fed obese mice or genetically obese db/db mice increased BHB concentrations and decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness without substantially decreasing body weight. Acute ketone ester administration decreased methacholine responsiveness of normal mice, and dietary ketone ester supplementation of high-fat diet-fed mice decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone ester supplementation also transiently induced an "antiobesogenic" gut microbiome with a decreased Fermicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Dietary interventions to increase systemic BHB concentrations could provide symptom relief for obese asthmatics without the need for the substantial weight loss required of patients to elicit benefits to their asthma through bariatric surgery or other diet or lifestyle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M Mank
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leah F Reed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Camille J Walton
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Madison L T Barup
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
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Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Song L, Polsky K, Wu Y, Kheradmand F, Guo Y, Green LK, Corry DB, Knight JM. Novel acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis model induced by airway mycosis and high dose lipopolysaccharide. Respir Res 2021; 22:263. [PMID: 34629055 PMCID: PMC8503997 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of fungal spores is a strong risk factor for severe asthma and experimentally leads to development of airway mycosis and asthma-like disease in mice. However, in addition to fungal spores, humans are simultaneously exposed to other inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with uncertain relevance to disease expression. To determine how high dose inhalation of LPS influences the expression of allergic airway disease induced by the allergenic mold Aspergillus niger (A. niger). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intranasally challenged with the viable spores of A. niger with and without 1 μg of LPS over two weeks. Changes in airway hyperreactivity, airway and lung inflammatory cell recruitment, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and histopathology were determined. RESULTS In comparison to mice challenged only with A. niger, addition of LPS (1 μg) to A. niger abrogated airway hyperresponsiveness and strongly attenuated airway eosinophilia, PAS+ goblet cells and TH2 responses while enhancing TH1 and TH17 cell recruitment to lung. Addition of LPS resulted in more severe, diffuse lung inflammation with scattered, loosely-formed parenchymal granulomas, but failed to alter fungus-induced IgE and IgG antibodies. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the strongly allergic lung phenotype induced by fungal spores alone, addition of a relatively high dose of LPS abrogates asthma-like features, replacing them with a phenotype more consistent with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). These findings extend the already established link between airway mycosis and asthma to HP and describe a robust model for further dissecting the pathophysiology of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lizhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Polsky
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yubiao Guo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Linda K Green
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John M Knight
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Ma J, Liu MX, Chen LC, Shen JJ, Kuo ML. Ding Chuan Tang Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Eosinophil Infiltration in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Asthmatic Mice. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6692772. [PMID: 34595240 PMCID: PMC8478538 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a T helper 2 (Th2) cell-associated chronic inflammatory diseases characterized with airway obstruction, increased mucus production, and eosinophil infiltration. Conventional medications for asthma treatment cannot fully control the symptoms, and potential side effects are also the concerns. Thus, complement or alternative medicine (CAM) became a new option for asthma management. Ding Chuan Tang (DCT) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction applied mainly for patients with coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and asthma. Previously, DCT has been proved to improve children airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a randomized and double-blind clinical trial. However, the mechanisms of how DCT alleviates AHR remain unclear. Since asthmatic features such as eosinophil infiltration, IgE production, and mucus accumulation are relative with Th2 responses, we hypothesized that DCT may attenuate asthma symptoms through regulating Th2 cells. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as a stimulant to sensitize BALB/c mice to establish an asthmatic model. AHR was detected one day before sacrifice. BALF and serum were collected for immune cell counting and antibody analysis. Splenocytes were cultured with OVA in order to determine Th2 cytokine production. Lung tissues were collected for histological and gene expression analyses. Our data reveal that DCT can attenuate AHR and eosinophil accumulation in the 30-day sensitization asthmatic model. Histological results demonstrated that DCT can reduce cell infiltration and mucus production in peribronchial and perivascular site. In OVA-stimulated splenocyte cultures, a significant reduction of IL-5 and IL-13 in DCT-treated mice suggests that DCT may alleviate Th2 responses. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that DCT has the potential to suppress allergic responses through the reduction of mucus production, eosinophil infiltration, and Th2 activity in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Xun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Choi JH, Kim JY, Yi MH, Kim M, Yong TS. Anisakis pegreffii Extract Induces Airway Inflammation with Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model System. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:2522305. [PMID: 34580637 PMCID: PMC8464433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2522305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the respiratory system to the Anisakis pegreffii L3 crude extract (AE) induces airway inflammation; however, the mechanism underlying this inflammatory response remains unknown. AE contains allergens that promote allergic inflammation; exposure to AE may potentially lead to asthma. In this study, we aimed to establish a murine model to assess the effects of AE on characteristic features of chronic asthma, including airway hypersensitivity (AHR), airway inflammation, and airway remodeling. Mice were sensitized for five consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. AHR, lung inflammation, and airway remodeling were evaluated 24 h after the last exposure. Lung inflammation and airway remodeling were assessed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To confirm the immune response in the lungs, changes in gene expression in the lung tissue were assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The levels of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in blood and cytokine levels in the BALF, splenocyte, and lung lymph node (LLN) culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. An increase in AHR was prominently observed in AE-exposed mice. Epithelial proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the BALF and lung tissue sections. Collagen deposition was detected in lung tissues. AE exposure increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in the lung, as well as the levels of antibodies specific to AE. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were upregulated only in LLN. These findings indicate that an increase in IL-4+ CD4+ T cells in the LLN and splenocyte resulted in increased Th2 response to AE exposure. Exposure of the respiratory system to AE resulted in an increased allergen-induced Th2 inflammatory response and AHR through accumulation of inflammatory and IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and collagen deposition. It was confirmed that A. pegreffii plays an essential role in causing asthma in mouse models and has the potential to cause similar effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-hee Yi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Darby M, Roberts LB, Mackowiak C, Chetty A, Tinelli S, Schnoeller C, Quesniaux V, Berrard S, Togbe D, Selkirk ME, Ryffel B, Horsnell WGC. ILC3-derived acetylcholine promotes protease-driven allergic lung pathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1513-1516.e4. [PMID: 33461747 PMCID: PMC8022224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luke B Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- INEM UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Alisha Chetty
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sasha Tinelli
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Corinna Schnoeller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- INEM UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | | | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- INEM UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- INEM UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; INEM UMR7355 Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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7
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Kim SM, Ryu HW, Kwon OK, Hwang D, Kim MG, Min JH, Zhang Z, Kim SY, Paik JH, Oh SR, Ahn KS, Lee JW. Callicarpa japonica Thunb. ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing NF-κB activation and upregulating HO-1 expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113523. [PMID: 33129947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Callicarpa japonica Thunb., as an herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China and Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-PDA-QTof MS) was used to detect the major phenylethanoid glycosides in the C. japonica extract. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) (on days 0 and 7) and challenged by OVA aerosol (on days 11-13) to induce airway inflammatory response. The mice were also administered with C. japonica Thunb. (CJT) (20 and 40 mg/kg Per oral) on days 9-13. CJT pretreatment was conducted in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated A549 cells. RESULTS CJT administration significantly reduced the secretion of Th2 cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine, and the recruitment of eosinophils in an OVA-exposed mice. In histological analyses, the amelioration of inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion were observed with CJT. The OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), iNOS expression and NF-κB activation were effectively suppressed by CJT administration. In addition, CJT led to the upregulation of HO-1 expression. In an in vitro study, CJT pretreatment suppressed the LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in RAW264.7 cells and attenuated the PMA-induced IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in A549 cells. These effects were accompanied by downregulated NF-κB phosphorylation and by upregulated HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION These results suggested that CJT has protective activity against OVA-induced airway inflammation via downregulation of NF-κB activation and upregulation of HO-1, suggesting that CJT has preventive potential for the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daseul Hwang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Gu Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
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Fang L, Zhou F, Wu F, Yan Y, He Z, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhang T, Yu D. A mouse allergic asthma model induced by shrimp tropomyosin. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107289. [PMID: 33370683 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma remains an important worldwide health issue. Animal models are valuable for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma and the development of effective therapeutics. This study aims to develop an alternative murine model induced by shrimp tropomyosin (ST) instead of ovalbumin (OVA). To investigate responses to short-term exposure to antigens, mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal injections of ST or ST plus aluminum adjuvant on days 0, 7, 14 followed by an intranasal challenge with ST for seven consecutive days. We reveal that sensitization with ST alone or ST plus aluminum induces significant levels of serum total IgE and ST-specific IgE in mice. Challenge results show that ST causes severe eosinophilic airway inflammation. Histology analysis of the lung tissues demonstrates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion within the bronchi in mice exposed to ST. Analysis of the cell composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) shows a significant increase in eosinophil count in ST alone and ST plus aluminum groups. We also detect increased CD4+ T lymphocytes in lung tissues and production of helper T cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) in BALF. In addition, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in ST alone and ST plus aluminum groups is much higher than that in control groups. For the chronic model, mice were sensitized by ST or ST plus aluminum adjuvant for 3weeks and challenged with ST for 6weeks. We find severe structural changes in animals upon prolonged exposure to ST, including goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle thickening. In conclusion, ST-induced asthma is a simple murine model for studying pathogenesis of asthma and evaluating new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fangchao Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenpeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Yangzhou Maternal & Child Care Service Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Xinghua People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Xinghua People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou 225009, China; Xinghua People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China.
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Chen J, Chan WM, Leung HY, Leong PK, Yan CTM, Ko KM. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Cordyceps sinensis Mycelium Culture Extract (Cs-4) on Rodent Models of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184051. [PMID: 32899766 PMCID: PMC7570676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, which are accompanied by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation and the involvement of type 2 T helper cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc is a fungal parasite on the larva of Lepidoptera. It has been considered to be a health-promoting food and, also, one of the best-known herbal remedies for the treatment of airway diseases, such as asthma and lung inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated the antiallergic rhinitis effect of Cs-4, a water extract prepared from the mycelium culture of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk) Sacc, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice and the anti-asthmatic effect of Cs-4 in a rat model of asthma. Treatment with Cs-4 suppressed the nasal symptoms induced in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. The inhibition was associated with a reduction in IgE/OVA-IgE and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 levels in the nasal fluid. Cs-4 treatment also decreased airway responsiveness and ameliorated the scratching behavior in capsaicin-challenged rats. It also reduced plasma IgE levels, as well as IgE and eosinophil peroxidase levels, in the bronchoalveolar fluid. Cs-4 treatment completely suppressed the increases in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in rat lung tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest that Cs-4 has the potential to alleviate immune hypersensitivity reactions in allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Chen
- School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Wing Man Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.M.C.); (H.Y.L.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Hoi Yan Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.M.C.); (H.Y.L.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Pou Kuan Leong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.M.C.); (H.Y.L.); (P.K.L.)
| | - Choly Tat Ming Yan
- Royal Medic Group Holding Limited, 313 Castle Peak Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Kam Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.M.C.); (H.Y.L.); (P.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +85-223-587-298
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10
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Abdulnasser Harfoush S, Hannig M, Le DD, Heck S, Leitner M, Omlor AJ, Tavernaro I, Kraegeloh A, Kautenburger R, Kickelbick G, Beilhack A, Bischoff M, Nguyen J, Sester M, Bals R, Dinh QT. High-dose intranasal application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces the systemic uptakes and allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Respir Res 2020; 21:168. [PMID: 32616045 PMCID: PMC7331175 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a wide range of applications in several industrial and biomedical domains. Based on the evidence, the workers exposed to inhaled nanosized TiO2 powder are more susceptible to the risks of developing respiratory diseases. Accordingly, this issue has increasingly attracted the researchers' interest in understanding the consequences of TiO2 NPs exposure. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to analyze the local effects of TiO2 NPs on allergic airway inflammation and their uptake in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS For the purpose of the study, female BALB/c mice with or without asthma were intranasally administered with TiO2 NPs. The mice were subjected to histological assessment, lung function testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and NP uptake measurement. In addition, T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cytokines were evaluated in the lung homogenate using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS According to the results, the mice receiving OVA alone or OVA plus TiO2 NPs showed eosinophilic infiltrates and mucus overproduction in the lung tissues, compared to the controls. Furthermore, a significant elevation was observed in the circulating Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 after NP exposure. The TiO2 NPs were taken up by alveolar macrophages at different time points. As the results of the SEM and ICP-MS indicated, TiO2 NPs were present in most of the organs in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the current study, intranasally or inhalation exposure to high-dose nanosized TiO2 particles appears to exacerbate the allergic airway inflammation and lead to systemic uptake in extrapulmonary organs. These results indicate the very important need to investigate the upper limit of intranasally or inhalation exposure to nanosized TiO2 particles in occupational and environmental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Abdulnasser Harfoush
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Duc Dung Le
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heck
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Leitner
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Albert Joachim Omlor
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Kautenburger
- Institute of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Campus Dudweiler, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Institute of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Campus Dudweiler, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Martina Sester
- Transplant and Infection Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quoc Thai Dinh
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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11
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Maruthamuthu V, Henry LJK, Ramar MK, Kandasamy R. Myxopyrum serratulum ameliorates airway inflammation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and OVA-induced murine model of allergic asthma. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 255:112369. [PMID: 31683035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myxopyrum serratulum A. W. Hill. (Oleaceae) is a traditionally used Indian medicinal plant for the treatment of cough, asthma and many other inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the protective effects of M. serratulum on airway inflammation was investigated in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic asthma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, and the possible mechanisms were elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemicals present in the methanolic leaf extract of M. serratulum (MEMS) were identified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of MEMS were evaluated by estimating the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF and GM-CSF) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo anti-asthmatic activity of MEMS was studied using OVA-induced murine model. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), was measured; total and differential cell counts, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), NO, ROS, and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), were estimated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum total IgE level was measured; and the histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissue homogenates were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The chromatographic analysis of MEMS identified the presence of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, naringenin and apigenin. MEMS (125 and 250 μg/mL) dose-dependently reduced the levels of NO, ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MEMS (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated AHR; number of inflammatory cells, EPO, PGE2, NO, ROS, and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in BALF; serum total IgE and the histopathological changes associated with lung inflammation. Western blot studies showed that MEMS substantially suppressed COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions in the lung tissues of OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study corroborates for the first time the ameliorative effects of MEMS on airway inflammation by reducing the levels of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting COX-2, iNOS protein expressions, thereby validating the ethnopharmacological uses of M. serratulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Maruthamuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Linda Jeeva Kumari Henry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Kumar Ramar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Lebold KM, Drake MG, Hales-Beck LB, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. IL-5 Exposure In Utero Increases Lung Nerve Density and Airway Reactivity in Adult Offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:493-502. [PMID: 31821769 PMCID: PMC7110978 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. In the lungs, parasympathetic and sensory nerves control airway tone and induce bronchoconstriction. Dysregulation of these nerves results in airway hyperreactivity. Humans with eosinophilic asthma have significantly increased sensory nerve density in airway epithelium, suggesting that type 2 cytokines and inflammatory cells promote nerve growth. Similarly, mice with congenital airway eosinophilia also have airway hyperreactivity and increased airway sensory nerve density. Here, we tested whether this occurs during development. We show that transgenic mice that overexpress IL-5, a cytokine required for eosinophil hematopoiesis, give birth to wild-type offspring that have significantly increased airway epithelial nerve density and airway hyperreactivity that persists into adulthood. These effects are caused by in utero exposure to maternal IL-5 and resulting fetal eosinophilia. Allergen exposure of these adult wild-type offspring results in severe airway hyperreactivity, leading to fatal reflex bronchoconstriction. Our results demonstrate that fetal exposure to IL-5 is a developmental origin of airway hyperreactivity, mediated by hyperinnervation of airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lebold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew G Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lauren B Hales-Beck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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13
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Yocum GT, Hwang JJ, Mikami M, Danielsson J, Kuforiji AS, Emala CW. Ginger and its bioactive component 6-shogaol mitigate lung inflammation in a murine asthma model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L296-L303. [PMID: 31800263 PMCID: PMC7052664 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a common disorder associated with airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, remains a significant clinical burden in need of novel therapeutic strategies. Patients are increasingly seeking complementary and alternative medicine approaches to control their symptoms, including the use of natural products. Ginger, a natural product that we previously demonstrated acutely relaxes airway smooth muscle (ASM), has long been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, although a precise mechanistic understanding is lacking. In these studies, we demonstrate that chronic administration of whole ginger extract or 6-shogaol, a bioactive component of ginger, mitigates in vivo house dust mite antigen-mediated lung inflammation in mice. We further show that this decrease in inflammation is associated with reduced in vivo airway responsiveness. Utilizing in vitro studies, we demonstrate that 6-shogaol augments cAMP concentrations in CD4 cells, consistent with phosphodiesterase inhibition, and limits the induction of nuclear factor-κB signaling and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in activated CD4 cells. Sustained elevations in cAMP concentration are well known to inhibit effector T cell function. Interestingly, regulatory T cells (Tregs) utilize cAMP as a mediator of their immunosuppressive effects, and we demonstrate here that 6-shogaol augments the Treg polarization of naïve CD4 cells in vitro. Taken together with previous reports, these studies suggest that ginger and 6-shogaol have the potential to combat asthma via two mechanisms: acute ASM relaxation and chronic inhibition of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julie J Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Maya Mikami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Danielsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aisha S Kuforiji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Cherginets V, Bashkirova N. [NONSPECIFIC SENSITIVITY OF THE BRONCHES IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND RESPIRATORY ASYMPTOMATIC CHILDREN]. Georgian Med News 2019:68-71. [PMID: 31560666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was a comparative description of the state of bronchial sensitivity to nonspecific stimuli in respiratory asymptomatic children and children with bronchial asthma. We investigated a total of 242 children aged between 7 and 14 years. The group of respiratory asymptomatic children included 100 examined and 142 had an established diagnosis of atopic bronchial asthma at the I, II, and III stages in the phase of remission. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of bioethics. In order to investigate the nature of the reaction, bronchoprovocation test with the acetylcholine (bronchoconstrictor) was conducted in children. The test involved monitoring the state of bronchial patency under the effect of increasing concentrations of the stimulus. The acetylcholine test showed that the state of nonspecific bronchial hypersensitivity was expressed in the most of patients with asthma and in 5% of respiratory asymptomatic children. Comparison of the results of the nonspecific bronchial sensitivity and diagnosed airway obstruction did not reveal the relationship between these characteristics. The findings suggest that the presence of nonspecific bronchial hypersensitivity is a congenital and not an acquired phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cherginets
- State Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Ukraine
| | - N Bashkirova
- State Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Ukraine
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15
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Park JS, Choi YJ, Suh DI, Jung S, Kim YH, Lee SY, Yang SI, Kwon JW, Jang GC, Sun YH, Woo SI, Youn YS, Park KS, Cho HJ, Kook MH, Yi HR, Chung HL, Kim JH, Kim HY, Jung JA, Woo HO, Hong SJ. Profiles and characteristics of bronchial responsiveness in general 7-year-old children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:713-720. [PMID: 30859751 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bronchial responsiveness (BR) is usually categorized as normal or hyperresponsive to aid the diagnosis of asthma, it exists on a continuous spectrum, not in a dichotomous manner. We aimed to evaluate the distribution profile of BR in a general population of 7-year-olds. METHODS In 2015, 7-year-old Korean children from a nationwide birth cohort study visited regional study hospitals for skin prick test, standard spirometry, and bronchial provocation to establish reference values for the general population. Their BR degrees were categorized into five ordered groups: hyperresponsive BRs were classified into group 1 (provocative concentration (PC) of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], PC20 of <4 mg/mL) and group 2 (PC20 of ≥4 mg/mL and <16 mg/mL), and nonresponsive BRs were categorized into group 3 (final FEV1 percentage fall after inhaling 16 mg/mL of methacholine [FEV1%fall] of >15% and ≤20%), group 4 (FEV1%fall of >10% and ≤15%), and group 5 (FEV1%fall of ≤10%). RESULTS In total, 559 subjects finished all tests reliably. Groups 1 and 2 comprised 10.0% and 15.7% of the total population, respectively. Groups 3, 4, and 5 comprised 14.7%, 18.4%, and 41.1%, respectively. As the group number increased, the proportion of those with recent wheezing and those with indoor allergen sensitization decreased (P for trend = 0.001 and P for trend < 0.001, respectively), and the baseline FEV1/FVC increased (P for trend < 0.001) CONCLUSION: BR of the 7-year-olds in the general population, while showing a wide distribution across phenotypes, is associated with allergic symptoms, negatively correlated with baseline lung function and positively correlated with indoor allergen sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song-I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gwang Cheon Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yong Han Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - You-Sook Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kang Seo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kook
- Department of Pediatrics, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryoung Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hai Lee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ja Hyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jin A Jung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Adams S, Lopata AL, Smuts CM, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Relationship between Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Asthma Endpoints. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 16:E43. [PMID: 30585204 PMCID: PMC6338947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential protective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in asthma. This study aimed at determining the association between seafood intake, serum PUFA composition and clinical endpoints of asthma in adults. A cross-sectional study of 642 subjects used the European Committee Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, skin prick tests, spirometry and methacholine challenge tests following ATS guidelines. Sera was analysed for n-3 and n-6 PUFA composition. Subjects had a mean age of 34 years, were largely female (65%) and 51% were current smokers. While 99% reported fish consumption, rock lobster, mussels, squid and abalone were also consumed less frequently. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 11%, current asthma (ECRHS definition) was 8% and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH) was much higher (26%) In adjusted models the n-3 PUFAs 20:5 (EPA) and 22:5 (DPA) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of having NSBH. Total n-3 PUFA composition was associated with decreased NSBH risk (OR = 0.92), while high n-6 PUFA composition was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahieda Adams
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, School of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Douglas, QLD 4814, Australia.
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
| | - Mohamed F Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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Ojiaku CA, Cao G, Zhu W, Yoo EJ, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE, An SS, Panettieri RA. TGF-β1 Evokes Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Shortening and Hyperresponsiveness via Smad3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:575-584. [PMID: 28984468 PMCID: PMC5946330 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0247oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine whose levels are elevated in the airways of patients with asthma, perpetuates airway inflammation and modulates airway structural cell remodeling. However, the role of TGF-β1 in excessive airway narrowing in asthma, or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), remains unclear. In this study, we set out to investigate the direct effects of TGF-β1 on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. The dynamics of AHR and single-cell excitation-contraction coupling were measured in human precision-cut lung slices and in isolated HASM cells using supravital microscopy and magnetic twisting cytometry, respectively. In human precision-cut lung slices, overnight treatment with TGF-β1 significantly augmented basal and carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. In isolated HASM cells, TGF-β1 increased basal and methacholine-induced cytoskeletal stiffness in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TGF-β1-induced single-cell contraction was corroborated by concomitant increases in myosin light chain and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 phosphorylation levels, which were attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Strikingly, these physiological effects of TGF-β1 occurred through a RhoA-independent mechanism, with little effect on HASM cell [Ca2+]i levels. Together, our data suggest that TGF-β1 enhances HASM excitation-contraction coupling pathways to induce HASM cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal a potential link between airway injury-repair responses and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma, and define TGF-β1 signaling as a potential target to reduce AHR in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Ojiaku
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Wanqu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
| | - Edwin J. Yoo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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Cavaleiro Rufo J, Paciência I, Silva D, Martins C, Madureira J, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Padrão P, Moreira P, Delgado L, Moreira A. Swimming pool exposure is associated with autonomic changes and increased airway reactivity to a beta-2 agonist in school aged children: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529048 PMCID: PMC5846785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endurance swimming exercises coupled to disinfection by-products exposure has been associated with increased airways dysfunction and neurogenic inflammation in elite swimmers. However, the impact of swimming pool exposure at a recreational level on autonomic activity has never been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how swimming pool attendance is influencing lung and autonomic function in school-aged children. Methods A total of 858 children enrolled a cross sectional survey. Spirometry and airway reversibility to beta-2 agonist, skin-prick-tests and exhaled nitric oxide measurements were performed. Pupillometry was used to evaluate autonomic nervous function. Children were classified as current swimmers (CS), past swimmers (PS) and non-swimmers (NS), according to the amount of swimming practice. Results Current swimmers group had significantly lower maximum and average pupil constriction velocities when compared to both PS and NS groups (3.8 and 5.1 vs 3.9 and 5.3 vs 4.0 and 5.4 mm/s, p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Moreover, affinity to the beta-2 agonist and levels of exhaled nitric oxide were significantly higher in CS when compared to NS (70 vs 60 mL and 12 vs 10 ppb, p<0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). A non-significant trend for a higher risk of asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis was found with more years of swimming practice, particularly in atopic individuals (β = 1.12, 1.40 and 1.31, respectively). After case-case analysis, it was possible to observe that results were not influenced by the inclusion of individuals with asthma. Conclusions Concluding, swimming pool attendance appears to be associated with autonomic changes and increased baseline airway smooth muscle constriction even in children without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Energy and Built Environment Group, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Inês Paciência
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Energy and Built Environment Group, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Energy and Built Environment Group, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo de Oliveira Fernandes
- Energy and Built Environment Group, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto & Immunoalergology Department S. João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Reznikov LR, Meyerholz DK, Kuan SP, Guevara MV, Atanasova KR, Abou Alaiwa MH. Solitary Cholinergic Stimulation Induces Airway Hyperreactivity and Transcription of Distinct Pro-inflammatory Pathways. Lung 2018; 196:219-229. [PMID: 29380034 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Airway hyperreactivity is a hallmark feature of asthma and can be precipitated by airway insults, such as ozone exposure or viral infection. A proposed mechanism linking airway insults to airway hyperreactivity is augmented cholinergic transmission. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that acute potentiation of cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity. We atomized the cholinergic agonist bethanechol to neonatal piglets and forty-eight hours later measured airway resistance. Bethanechol-treated piglets displayed increased airway resistance in response to intravenous methacholine compared to saline-treated controls. In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets. In the lungs, prior bethanechol treatment increased transcripts for IFNγ and its downstream target CXCL10. These findings suggest that augmented cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity, and raise the possibility that cholinergic-mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways might contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shin-Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maria V Guevara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mahmoud H Abou Alaiwa
- Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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20
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Bao W, Zhang X, Lv C, Bao L, Yin J, Huang Z, Wang B, Zhou X, Zhang M. The Value of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Forced Mid-Expiratory Flow as Predictive Markers of Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Adults with Chronic Cough. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017; 6:1313-1320. [PMID: 29128336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial provocation tests are standard for diagnosing the etiology of chronic cough, but they are time consuming and can induce severe bronchospasm. A safer and faster clinical examination to predict bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is needed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether small-airway function tests can predict BHR in adult patients with chronic cough. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional study of diagnoses made using spirometry and bronchial provocation test results was performed in 290 patients with chronic nonproductive cough. BHR-predictive values were analyzed via the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Optimal cutoff values were determined by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Patients with chronic cough with BHR showed lower forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25%-75%), higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and a higher percentage of eosinophils in blood than patients without BHR (P < .0001 for all). The AUCs of FENO and FEF25%-75% for a BHR diagnosis were 0.788 (95% CI, 0.725-0.851) and 0.702 (95% CI, 0.641-0.763), respectively. Optimal cutoff values were 43 ppb for FENO and 78.5% for FEF25%-75%, with negative predictive values of 85.38% and 81.34%, respectively. The combined use of FENO and FEF25%-75% increased the AUC to 0.843 (95% CI, 0.794-0.892), significantly higher than either FENO (P = .012) or FEF25%-75% (P < .0001) alone. CONCLUSIONS Small-airway dysfunction is present in patients with chronic cough and BHR. FEF25%-75% has value as a negative predictive parameter for BHR, especially when combined with FENO. FENO > 43 ppb and FEF25%-75% < 78.5% strongly predicted a positive bronchial provocation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luhong Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- School of Mathematical sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Huang
- School of Mathematical sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell count in induced sputum is a noninvasive biomarker to assess airway inflammation phenotypes. Accordingly, sputum cell counts are extensively used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. Nevertheless, the clinical application of sputum cell counts in patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate sputum cell counts in patients with ACO which are different from those in patients with asthma and COPD and also to examine the relationship between sputum cell counts in bronchial reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 374 patients participated in the study, including 142 patients with asthma, 160 patients with COPD and 72 patients with ACO. All patients underwent the following tests on the same day: pulmonary function test (PFT), BHR test or bronchodilator reversibility test and inducing sputum. They were classified into the asthma group, COPD group or ACO group based on a clinical history, PFT values and BHR test or bronchodilator reversibility test. RESULTS The three groups had different PFT values (p<0.001) except for forced vital capacity (FVC) between the asthma and ACO groups (p=0.378). The sputum levels of eosinophil% were decreased in patients with COPD when compared with those in patients with asthma and ACO (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). There was a difference in sputum neutrophil% and macrophage% counts among the three groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively); there was no difference in sputum eosinophil% counts between patients with ACO and asthma (p=0.668) and there was no difference in the percentage of induced sputum cells between the stage of airway obstruction and the stage of BHR. CONCLUSION The clinical relevance of this study provides evidence that sputum cell counts as an inflammatory biomarker could carry some information to distinguish ACO, asthma and COPD, and these biomarkers need more studies to provide diagnostic value in the differentiation between ACO, asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wutie Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bida Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sifang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Huizhou, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Asthma affects about 7.5% of the adult population. Evidence-based diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment can improve functioning and quality of life in adult patients with asthma. OBSERVATIONS Asthma is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome primarily affecting the lower respiratory tract, characterized by episodic or persistent symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough. The diagnosis of asthma requires these symptoms and demonstration of reversible airway obstruction using spirometry. Identifying clinically important allergen sensitivities is useful. Inhaled short-acting β2-agonists provide rapid relief of acute symptoms, but maintenance with daily inhaled corticosteroids is the standard of care for persistent asthma. Combination therapy, including inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists, is effective in patients for whom inhaled corticosteroids alone are insufficient. The use of inhaled long-acting β2-agonists alone is not appropriate. Other controller approaches include long-acting muscarinic antagonists (eg, tiotropium), and biological agents directed against proteins involved in the pathogenesis of asthma (eg, omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Asthma is characterized by variable airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Management of persistent asthma requires avoidance of aggravating environmental factors, use of short-acting β2-agonists for rapid relief of symptoms, and daily use of inhaled corticosteroids. Other controller medications, such as long-acting bronchodilators and biologics, may be required in moderate and severe asthma. Patients with severe asthma generally benefit from consultation with an asthma specialist for consideration of additional treatment, including injectable biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McCracken
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Sreenivas P Veeranki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Bill T Ameredes
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - William J Calhoun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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23
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Li L, Hua L, He Y, Bao Y. Differential effects of formaldehyde exposure on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179231. [PMID: 28591193 PMCID: PMC5462467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that formaldehyde (FA) exposure may influence the prevalence and severity of allergic asthma. However, the role of genetic background in FA-induced asthma-like responses is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the nature and severity of asthma-like responses triggered by exposure to different doses of FA together with or without ovalbumin (OVA) in two genetically different mouse strains—BALB/c and C57BL/6. Both mouse strains were divided into two main groups: the non-sensitized group and the OVA-sensitized group. All the groups were exposed to 0, 0.5 or 3.0 mg/m3 FA for 6 h/day over 25 consecutive days. At 24 h after the final FA exposure, the pulmonary parameters were evaluated. We found that FA exposure induced Th2-type allergic responses in non-sensitized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In addition, FA-induced allergic responses were significantly more prominent in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice. In sensitized BALB/c mice, however, FA exposure suppressed the development of OVA-induced allergic responses. Exposure to 3.0 mg/m3 FA in sensitized C57BL/6 mice also led to suppressed allergic responses, whereas exposure to 0.5 mg/m3 FA resulted in exacerbated allergic responses to OVA. Our findings suggest that FA exposure can induce differential airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanluan Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafang He
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Bao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Isogai S, Niwa Y, Yatsuya H, Hayashi M, Yamamoto N, Okamura T, Minezawa T, Goto Y, Yamaguchi T, Takeyama T, Sakakibara Y, Morikawa S, Horiguchi T, Gotoh Y, Mieno Y, Uozu S, Nakanishi T, Okazawa M, Sakakibara H, Imaizumi K. Increased airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine in patients with aspirin intolerant asthma. Allergol Int 2017; 66:360-362. [PMID: 27816384 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumito Isogai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Niwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Histochemistry, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Minezawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakakibara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayako Morikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Horiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Mieno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sakurako Uozu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsushi Okazawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daiyukai General Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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Ogino K, Nagaoka K, Okuda T, Oka A, Kubo M, Eguchi E, Fujikura Y. PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in NC/Nga mice. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1047-1054. [PMID: 27341501 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The allergic inflammatory effects of particulate matter (PM) 2.5, collected with the cyclone system in Yokohama city in Japan, were investigated in NC/Nga mice, which are hypersensitive to mite allergens. PM2.5 with alum was injected intraperitoneally for sensitization. Five days later, 200 μg of PM2.5 in 25 μL of saline was administered to mice intranasally five times for further sensitization. On the 11th day, PM2.5 was administered as a challenge. On the 12th day, mice were examined for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, mRNA expression of Th1 , Th2 cytokines, and metallothioneins in lung tissue, and histopathology. PM2.5 increased AHR, total cell numbers including eosinophils in BALF, and mRNA levels of IL-5, IL-22, eotaxin, eotaxin 2, and metallothionein 3. In PM2.5-induced lungs, inflammation was observed around the bronchus. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 alone, collected with the cyclone system in Yokohama city in Japan, induces asthma-like airway inflammation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1047-1054, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nagaoka
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kubo
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujikura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Brown PM, Harford TJ, Agrawal V, Yen-Lieberman B, Rezaee F, Piedimonte G. Prenatal Exposure to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Alters Postnatal Immunity and Airway Smooth Muscle Contractility during Early-Life Reinfections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168786. [PMID: 28178290 PMCID: PMC5298216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal viral infections can have pathological effects on the developing fetus which last long after birth. Recently, maternal-fetal transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was shown to cause postnatal airway hyperreactivity (AHR) during primary early-life reinfection; however, the influence of prenatal exposure to RSV on offspring airway immunity and smooth muscle contractility during recurrent postnatal reinfections remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine whether maternal RSV infection impairs specific aspects of cell-mediated offspring immunity during early-life reinfections and the mechanisms leading to AHR. Red fluorescent protein-expressing recombinant RSV (rrRSV) was inoculated into pregnant rat dams at midterm, followed by primary and secondary postnatal rrRSV inoculations of their offspring at early-life time points. Pups and weanlings were tested for specific lower airway leukocyte populations by flow cytometry; serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations by multiplex ELISA and neurotrophins concentrations by standard ELISA; and ex vivo lower airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction by physiological tissue bath. Pups born to RSV-infected mothers displayed elevated total CD3+ T cells largely lacking CD4+ and CD8+ surface expression after both primary and secondary postnatal rrRSV infection. Cytokine/chemokine analyses revealed reduced IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-18, and TNF-α, as well as elevated nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. Prenatal exposure to RSV also increased ASM reactivity and contractility during early-life rrRSV infection compared to non-exposed controls. We conclude that maternal RSV infection can predispose offspring to postnatal lower airways dysfunction by altering immunity development, NGF signaling, and ASM contraction during early-life RSV reinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Brown
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Terri J. Harford
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vandana Agrawal
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Belinda Yen-Lieberman
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Center for Pediatric Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Wang R, Xiao X, Shen Z, Cao L, Cao Y. Airborne fine particulate matter causes murine bronchial hyperreactivity via MAPK pathway-mediated M 3 muscarinic receptor upregulation. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:371-381. [PMID: 26916448 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the human health effects, airborne fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ) is an important environmental risk factor. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study examined the hypothesis that PM2.5 causes bronchial hyperreactivity by upregulated muscarinic receptors via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The isolated rat bronchi segments were cultured with different concentration of PM2.5 for different time. The contractile response of the bronchi segments were recorded by a sensitive myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of M3 muscarinic receptors were studied by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The muscarinic receptors agonist, carbachol induced a remarkable contractile response on fresh and DMSO cultured bronchial segments. Compared with the fresh or DMSO culture groups, 1.0 µg/mL of PM2.5 cultured for 24 h significantly enhanced muscarinic receptor-mediated contractile responses in bronchi with a markedly increased maximal contraction. In addition, the expression levels of mRNA and protein for M3 muscarinic receptors in bronchi of PM2.5 group were higher than that of fresh or DMSO culture groups. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the PM2.5 -induced enhanced contraction and increased mRNA and protein expression of muscarinic receptors. However, JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on PM2.5 -induced muscarinic receptor upregulation and bronchial hyperreactivity. In conclusion, airborne PM2.5 upregulates muscarinic receptors, which causes subsequently bronchial hyperreactivity shown as enhanced contractility in bronchi. This process may be mediated by p38 and MEK1/2 MAPK pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 371-381, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Yu B, Cai W, Zhang HH, Zhong YS, Fang J, Zhang WY, Mo L, Wang LC, Yu CH. Selaginella uncinata flavonoids ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a rat model of asthma. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 195:71-80. [PMID: 27916586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring, known as "Cuiyuncao", is a perennial herb widely distributed in the Southeast Asian countries. In the folk medicine, the local minority commonly use it to treat cough and asthma for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to investigate the protective mechanisms of total flavonoids from S. uncinata (SUF) on airway hyperresponsiveness, cytokine release and bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) signaling with emphasis on inflammatory responses in a rat model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce typical asthmatic reactions. Pathological changes of lung tissue were examined by HE staining. The serum levels of T cell-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expressions of T2R10, IP3R1 and Orai1 in lung tissue were assayed by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) while protein expressions of NFAT1 and c-Myc were assayed by western blot analysis. The activation of SUF was investigated on tansgentic T2R10-GFP HEK293 cells. RESULTS SUF treatment attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia compared with OVA-challenged asthmatic rats. The serum levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as well as total and OVA-specific IgE were decreased while serum IFN-γ was increased in SUF-treated rats. SUF treatment significantly up-regulated T2R10 gene expression, down-regulated IP3R1 and Orai1 gene expression. SUF further suppressed eotaxin, NFAT1 and c-Myc protein expression in lung tissues of OVA-challenged rats. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that SUF exerts anti-inflammatory function through the T2R10/IP3R1/NFAT1 dependent signaling pathway, and may warrant further evaluation as a possible agent for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Li Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lu-Chen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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Aldrich TK, Weakley J, Dhar S, Hall CB, Crosse T, Banauch GI, Weiden MD, Izbicki G, Cohen HW, Gupta A, King C, Christodoulou V, Webber MP, Zeig-Owens R, Moir W, Nolan A, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ. Bronchial Reactivity and Lung Function After World Trade Center Exposure. Chest 2016; 150:1333-1340. [PMID: 27445092 PMCID: PMC6026231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed rescue/recovery workers endured massive respiratory insult from inhalation of particulate matter and gases, resulting in respiratory symptoms, loss of lung function, and, for many, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). The persistence of respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities has been well-documented, whereas persistence of BHR has not been investigated. METHODS A total of 173 WTC-exposed firefighters with bronchial reactivity measured within 2 years after September 11, 2001 (9/11) (baseline methacholine challenge test), were reevaluated in 2013 and 2014 (follow-up methacholine challenge test). FEV1 measurements were obtained from the late pre-9/11, early post-9/11, and late post-9/11 periods. Respiratory symptoms and corticosteroid treatment were recorded. RESULTS Bronchial reactivity remained stable (within 1 doubling dilution) for most (n = 101, 58%). Sixteen of 28 (57%) with BHR (provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% decline in FEV1 <8 mg/mL) at baseline had BHR at follow-up, and an additional 27 of the 145 (19%) without BHR at baseline had BHR at follow-up. In multivariable models, we found that BHR baseline was strongly associated with BHR follow-up (OR, 6.46) and that BHR at follow-up was associated with an estimated 15.4 mL/y greater FEV1 decline than experienced by those without BHR at follow-up. Annual FEV1 decline was moderated by corticosteroid use. CONCLUSIONS Persistent BHR and its deleterious influence on lung function suggest a role for airway inflammation in perpetuation of WTC-associated airway disease. In future massive occupational exposure to inorganic dust/gases, we recommend early and serial pulmonary function testing, including measurements of bronchial reactivity, when possible, and inhaled corticosteroid therapy for those with symptoms or pulmonary function tests consistent with airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jessica Weakley
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Sean Dhar
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Charles B Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tesha Crosse
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gisela I Banauch
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Michael D Weiden
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gabriel Izbicki
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Pulmonary Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hillel W Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aanchal Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Camille King
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Mayris P Webber
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - William Moir
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Anna Nolan
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kerry J Kelly
- Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - David J Prezant
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY
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Pirogov AB, Prikhod'ko AG, Perelman YM, Zinovyev SV, Afanasyeva EY, Kolosov VP. Inflammatory Pattern of the Bronchial Mucosa in Patients with Asthma with Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Hypoosmotic Stimulus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:550-3. [PMID: 27591875 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Positive reaction of the bronchi to distilled water inhalation in asthmatics is associated with significant stimulation of the respiratory epithelium desquamation against the background of increased content of eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes in induced sputum, predomination of eosinophil and neutrophil cytolysis, and lower activity of myeloperoxidase in leukocyte granules (in comparison with the parameter in patients with a negative response to bronchostimulation). Enhanced cytolysis and destruction of leukocytes and high myeloperoxidase concentration in the extracellular space are essential for the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to hypoosmotic stimulus in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Pirogov
- Laboratory of Functional Methods of Studies of the Respiratory System, Far Eastern Center of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - A G Prikhod'ko
- Laboratory of Functional Methods of Studies of the Respiratory System, Far Eastern Center of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Yu M Perelman
- Laboratory of Functional Methods of Studies of the Respiratory System, Far Eastern Center of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Blagoveshchensk, Russia.
| | - S V Zinovyev
- Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - E Yu Afanasyeva
- Laboratory of Functional Methods of Studies of the Respiratory System, Far Eastern Center of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - V P Kolosov
- Laboratory of Functional Methods of Studies of the Respiratory System, Far Eastern Center of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
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31
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Huang CQ, Li W, Wu B, Chen WM, Chen LH, Mo GW, Zhang QF, Gong L, Li J, Zhang HC, Zhu HM, Zeng QZ. Pheretima aspergillum decoction suppresses inflammation and relieves asthma in a mouse model of bronchial asthma by NF-κB inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 189:22-30. [PMID: 27184188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE AND AIM OF THE STUDY Guang-Pheretima, the live form of the earthworm Pheretima aspergillum, is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used for the treatment of asthma, cough, stroke, epilepsy and other diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-seizure, thrombolytic and diuretic properties. Although Guang-Pheretima is effective in the relief of asthma, its pharmacological activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we investigated the effects of a Pheretima aspergillum decoction (PAD) against inflammation in a model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in BALB/c mice, as well as the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway involved in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS OVA was used to sensitize and challenge the airway of the mice, and PAD was administrated by gavage. We measured airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the mice 24h following a final methacholine challenge with whole-body plethysmography. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and pulmonary tissues were collected 48h after the last challenge. The levels of inflammatory factors and the related mRNAs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The number of differential inflammatory cells in the BALF was counted. Serum total and OVA-specific IgE levels were measured with ELISA. The activation of NF-κB signaling in the lung was detected by western blotting. In addition, the lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid Schiff stain for histopathological examination. RESULTS PAD treatment significantly alleviated AHR in the asthmatic mice, decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and downregulated IgE. In addition, PAD treatment attenuated mucus secretion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung while inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSIONS PAD effectively inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling in the lungs of mice with OVA-induced asthma, and mitigated AHR and Th2 type inflammatory reactions. Therefore, PAD may serve as a drug candidate for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Qi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guan-Wen Mo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Asumeng Koffuor G, Boye A, Kyei S, Ofori-Amoah J, Akomanin Asiamah E, Barku A, Acheampong J, Amegashie E, Kumi Awuku A. Anti-asthmatic property and possible mode of activity of an ethanol leaf extract of Polyscias fruticosa. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1354-1363. [PMID: 26449896 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1077465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms (Araliaceae) is used as a traditional remedy for asthma in Ghana. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to establish the anti-asthmatic property and a possible mode of activity of an ethanol leaf extract of P. fruticosa (PFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The time (min) for pre-convulsive dyspnea, and time for recovery, after sensitization with 150 μg OVA and induction of bronchospasm with 1% acetylcholine or histamine in normal, and 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg PFE-treated Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs, were recorded. Atropine (0.1 mg), mepyramine (0.1 mg), and PFE (1 mg) effect on a contractile response of 2.0 × 10(-2) μg/ml acetylcholine and 5.8 × 10(-2) μg/ml histamine on the isolated guinea pig ileum was investigated. Cytological and histological studies were conducted using guinea pig peritoneal mast cells and mesenteric cells, respectively, to establish PFE effect on compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation. RESULTS PFE (100-500 mg/kg) prolonged the onset of pre-convulsive dyspnea by 76.1-180.2% (p ≤ 0.01-0.001), and decreased recovery time by 71.9-78.5% (p ≤ 0.01-0.001). It also enhanced percentage protection against histamine-induced bronchospasm by 15.8-80.1-fold (p ≤ 0.05-0.01), and decreased percentage recovery time 2.5-3.3-fold (p ≤ 0.05-0.01). PFE significantly inhibited (60.4 ± 8.3%) contractile responses of histamine and produced significant inhibition (56-79%: p ≤ 0.001) of mast cell degranulation. CONCLUSION PFE has anti-asthmatic, antihistaminic, and mast cell stabilization effect making it useful in traditional asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Asumeng Koffuor
- a Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Alex Boye
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Samuel Kyei
- c Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Jones Ofori-Amoah
- a Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | | | - Atsu Barku
- e Department of Chemistry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Jacqueline Acheampong
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Elikplim Amegashie
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
| | - Albert Kumi Awuku
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape-Coast , Cape-Coast , Ghana
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Chandler JD, Wongtrakool C, Banton SA, Li S, Orr ML, Barr DB, Neujahr DC, Sutliff RL, Go YM, Jones DP. Low-dose oral cadmium increases airway reactivity and lung neuronal gene expression in mice. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12821. [PMID: 27401458 PMCID: PMC4945833 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of cadmium (Cd) is associated with lung diseases, but less is known concerning pulmonary effects of Cd found in the diet. Cd has a decades-long half-life in humans and significant bioaccumulation occurs with chronic dietary intake. We exposed mice to low-dose CdCl2 (10 mg/L in drinking water) for 20 weeks, which increased lung Cd to a level similar to that of nonoccupationally exposed adult humans. Cd-treated mice had increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge, and gene expression array showed that Cd altered the abundance of 443 mRNA transcripts in mouse lung. In contrast to higher doses, low-dose Cd did not elicit increased metallothionein transcripts in lung. To identify pathways most affected by Cd, gene set enrichment of transcripts was analyzed. Results showed that major inducible targets of low-dose Cd were neuronal receptors represented by enriched olfactory, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic gene sets. Olfactory receptors regulate chemosensory function and airway hypersensitivity, and these gene sets were the most enriched. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that Cd treatment also increased metabolites in pathways of glutamatergic (glutamate), serotonergic (tryptophan), cholinergic (choline), and catecholaminergic (tyrosine) receptors in the lung tissue. Protein abundance measurements showed that the glutamate receptor GRIN2A was increased in mouse lung tissue. Together, these results show that in mice, oral low-dose Cd increased lung Cd to levels comparable to humans, increased airway hyperresponsiveness and disrupted neuronal pathways regulating bronchial tone. Therefore, dietary Cd may promote or worsen airway hyperresponsiveness in multiple lung diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cherry Wongtrakool
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Sophia A Banton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael L Orr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David C Neujahr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kang JY, Jo MR, Kang HH, Kim SK, Kim MS, Kim YH, Kim SC, Kwon SS, Lee SY, Kim JW. Long-term azithromycin ameliorates not only airway inflammation but also remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 36:37-45. [PMID: 26778828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of long-term treatment with azithromycin on the pathogenesis of chronic asthma with airway remodeling. METHODS Six-week-old-BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 1 month, then challenged with OVA for 3 months. Azithromycin at 75 mg/kg was administered via oral gavage five times a week during the challenge period. Inflammatory cells, T helper 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were measured. Parameters related to airway remodeling were evaluated. The levels of neutrophil elastase, Interleukin (IL)-8, and BRP-39 (human homologue YKL-40) were assessed. The expression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling were investigated. RESULTS Long-term treatment with azithromycin improved AHR and airway inflammation compared with the OVA and the OVA/LPS groups. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in the OVA/LPS group decreased significantly after azithromycin administration. The levels of neutrophil elastase and IL-8, as surrogate markers of neutrophil activation, were reduced in the azithromycin group compared with the OVA/LPS group. Goblet cell hyperplasia and the smooth muscle thickening of airway remodeling were attenuated after azithromycin treatment. The expression of MAPK/NF-kappaB signal and the level of BRP-39 in the lung decreased remarkably in the OVA/LPS with azithromycin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in a murine model of chronic asthma, long-term azithromycin treatment ameliorates not only airway inflammation but also airway remodeling by influencing on neutrophilc-related mediators, BRP-39 and MAPK/NF-κB signal pathways. Macrolide therapy might be an effective adjuvant therapy in a chronic, severe asthma with remodeling airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hui Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Seog Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Riley CM, Wenzel SE, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Chung KF, Fitzpatrick AM, Gaston B, Israel E, Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Calhoun WJ, Jarjour NN, Busse WW, Peters SP, Teague WG, Sorkness R, Holguin F. Clinical Implications of Having Reduced Mid Forced Expiratory Flow Rates (FEF25-75), Independently of FEV1, in Adult Patients with Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145476. [PMID: 26717486 PMCID: PMC4696666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION FEF25-75 is one of the standard results provided in spirometry reports; however, in adult asthmatics there is limited information on how this physiological measure relates to clinical or biological outcomes independently of the FEV1 or the FEV1/FVC ratio. PURPOSE To determine the association between Hankinson's percent-predicted FEF25-75 (FEF25-75%) levels with changes in healthcare utilization, respiratory symptom frequency, and biomarkers of distal airway inflammation. METHODS In participants enrolled in the Severe Asthma Research Program 1-2, we compared outcomes across FEF25-75% quartiles. Multivariable analyses were done to avoid confounding by demographic characteristics, FEV1, and the FEV1/FVC ratio. In a sensitivity analysis, we also compared outcomes across participants with FEF25-75% below the lower limit of normal (LLN) and FEV1/FVC above LLN. RESULTS Subjects in the lowest FEF25-75% quartile had greater rates of healthcare utilization and higher exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophils. In multivariable analysis, being in the lowest FEF25-75% quartile remained significantly associated with nocturnal symptoms (OR 3.0 [95%CI 1.3-6.9]), persistent symptoms (OR 3.3 [95%CI 1-11], ICU admission for asthma (3.7 [1.3-10.8]) and blood eosinophil % (0.18 [0.07, 0.29]). In the sensitivity analysis, those with FEF25-75% CONCLUSIONS After controlling for demographic variables, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, a reduced FEF25-75% is independently associated with previous ICU admission, persistent symptoms, nocturnal symptoms, blood eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity. This suggests that in some asthmatics, a reduced FEF25-75% is an independent biomarker for more severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, George, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wendy C. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William J. Calhoun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William W. Busse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Peters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - W. Gerald Teague
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia Children’s Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ronald Sorkness
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Hu M, Ou-Yang HF, Han XP, Ti XY, Wu CG. KyoT2 downregulates airway remodeling in asthma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14171-14179. [PMID: 26823730 PMCID: PMC4713516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The typical pathological features of asthma are airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). KyoT2, a negative modulator of Notch signaling, has been linked to asthma in several previous studies. However, whether KyoT2 is involved in the regulation of airway remodeling or the modulation of airway resistance in asthma is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of KyoT2 in preventing asthma-associated airway remodeling and AHR. BALB/c mice were used to generate a mouse model of asthma. Additionally, the expression of Hes1 and Notch1 in airway was analyzed using Immunofluorescence examination. The asthmatic mice were intranasally administered adenovirus expressing KyoT2 and were compared to control groups. Furthermore, subepithelial fibrosis and other airway remodeling features were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Van Gieson's staining and Masson's trichrome staining. AHR was also evaluated. This study revealed that KyoT2 downregulated the expression of Hes1, repressed airway remodeling, and alleviated AHR in asthmatic mice. It is reasonable to assume that KyoT2 downregulates airway remodeling and resistance in asthmatic mice through a Hes1-dependent mechanism. Therefore, KyoT2 is a potential clinical treatment strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Xing-Peng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ti
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Chang-Gui Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
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Zhang H, Lv G, Shang Y, Liu L, Xiang Y, Feng J, Wang Z. Changes of Airway Reactivity after Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Children: A Study for Early Precautions against Pediatric Asthma. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 14:476-482. [PMID: 26742436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and asthma has rarely been explored through examination of airway reactivity. The aim of this study was to determine airway reactivity changes after MP infection in children. First, 106 children were divided into four groups according to the existence of MP infection and/or asthma. Then children with only MP belonged to the MP group; children who had both MP infection and asthma belonged to the MP+A group; children with asthma but not MP infection belonged to the non-MP+A group; normal children were classified as normal control (NC) group. Each subject underwent a bronchial provocation test (BPT) after effectively controlling the symptoms. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) parameters were compared among the groups. BPT positive rates were also calculated and compared. All AHR parameters decreased following MP infection, with a more significant decrease of small airway reactivity related indexes. The BPT-positive rate in the MP+A group was significantly higher than that in the MP group. Large airway reactivity showed no significant differences between the MP+A and non-MP+A groups, while the small airway reactivity augmented more significantly in the MP+A group. MP infection caused increased reactivity of both large and small airways in lungs, and BPT-positive identification in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Gaomei Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Li HT, Zhang TT, Chen ZG, Ye J, Liu H, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL. Intranasal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides reduces lower airway inflammation in a murine model of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:390-8. [PMID: 26163938 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, it can be hypothesized that reducing upper airway inflammation by targeting oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) specifically to the upper airway via intranasal administration in a small volume (10 μL) might improve lower airway (asthma) outcomes. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 10 μL of intranasal versus intradermal administration of CpG-ODN in suppressing lower airway inflammation and methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in mice subjected to ovalbumin (OVA)-induced combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice were subjected to upper-airway intranasal OVA exposure three times per week for 3 weeks. Then, CpG-ODN was administered to a subset of these mice 1h after intranasal OVA exposure, followed by five days of OVA aerosol challenges, thereby targeting OVA to the lower airways. Immunologic variables and nasal symptoms were evaluated. The results showed that the CARAS mice exhibited significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and splenocytes Th2-associated cytokine production, OVA-specific serum IgE, and AHR, as well as nose and lung pathologies. Intranasal administration of CpG-ODN significantly reduced Th2-associated cytokine production, the percentage of eosinophils in the BALF, the IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the supernatants of cultured OVA-challenged splenic lymphocytes, the serum OVA-specific IgE levels, the peribronchial inflammation score in the lungs, and the severity of nose pathology and nasal symptoms. However, intradermal administration of CpG-ODN did not significantly reduce the aforementioned parameters. In conclusion, intranasal treatment with CpG-ODN attenuated AR and significantly alleviated lower airway inflammation and AHR in the CARAS model. CpG-ODN therapy was more effective when administered intranasally than when administered intradermally. The current study supports the development of CpG-ODN nasal spray as a novel therapeutic agent for CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zanini A, Cherubino F, Zampogna E, Croce S, Pignatti P, Spanevello A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reversibility in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:1155-61. [PMID: 26124655 PMCID: PMC4476439 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s80992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), sputum eosinophilia, and bronchial reversibility are often thought to be a hallmark of asthma, yet it has been shown to occur in COPD as well. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between BHR, lung function, and airway inflammation in COPD patients. METHODS Thirty-one, steroid-free patients with stable, mild and moderate COPD were studied. The following tests were carried out: baseline lung function, reversibility, provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, a COPD symptom score, and sputum induction. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients completed the procedures. About 41.4% had BHR, 31.0% had increased sputum eosinophils, and 37.9% had bronchial reversibility. Some of the patients had only one of these characteristics while others had two or the three of them. Patients with BHR had higher sputum eosinophils than patients without BHR (P=0.046) and those with sputum eosinophils ≥3% had more exacerbations in the previous year and a higher COPD symptom score than patients with sputum eosinophils <3% (P=0.019 and P=0.031, respectively). In patients with BHR, the cumulative dose of methacholine was negatively related to the symptom score and the number of exacerbations in the previous year. When patients with bronchial reversibility were considered, bronchodilation was positively related to sputum eosinophils. CONCLUSION Our study showed that BHR, sputum eosinophilia, and bronchial reversibility were not clustered in one single phenotype of COPD but could be present alone or together. Of interest, BHR and airway eosinophilia were associated with clinical data in terms of exacerbations and symptoms. Further investigation is needed to clarify this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zanini
- Division of Pneumology, IRCCS Rehabilitation Institute of Tradate, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation (IRCCS), Tradate, Italy
| | - Francesca Cherubino
- Division of Pneumology, IRCCS Rehabilitation Institute of Tradate, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation (IRCCS), Tradate, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zampogna
- Division of Pneumology, IRCCS Rehabilitation Institute of Tradate, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation (IRCCS), Tradate, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Myung JH, Seo HJ, Park SJ, Kim BY, Shin IS, Jang JH, Kim YK, Jang AS. Association of nasal inflammation and lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren based on an epidemiological survey. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:226-31. [PMID: 25750565 PMCID: PMC4351330 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We sought to increase our understanding of the rhinitis-asthma relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of patients with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway inflammation and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). RESULTS In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had BHR at < 25 mg/mL methacholine PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). Asthma symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with atopy than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 methacholine according to atopy (15.5 ± 1.07 vs. 17.5 ± 0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in BHR was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01 ± 2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38 ± 0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that nasal eosinophilic inflammation might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Il-Sang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Hak Jang
- Department of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Gwangju Workers' Health Center, Gwangju, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Lussana F, Di Marco F, Terraneo S, Parati M, Razzari C, Scavone M, Femia EA, Moro A, Centanni S, Cattaneo M. Effect of prasugrel in patients with asthma: results of PRINA, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:136-41. [PMID: 25387888 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although experimental studies have demonstrated that platelets are proinflammatory cells, no randomized studies have tested the anti-inflammatory effect of antiplatelet agents in humans. The platelet P2Y12 receptors mediated bronchial inflammation in a mouse model of asthma, suggesting that P2Y12 represents a pharmacologic target for asthma. OBJECTIVES In this proof-of concept, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study, we tested the effects of the P2Y12 antagonist prasugrel on bronchial hyperreactivity of asthmatic patients. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty-six asthmatic patients were randomly and blindly allocated to prasugrel (10 mg once daily) or placebo for 15 days. After a ≥ 15-day wash-out, patients were crossed over to the alternative treatment. Before and after each treatment, patients underwent a bronchial provocation test with mannitol and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Inhibition of P2Y12 -dependent platelet reactivity (platelet reactivity index [PRI]) was measured with the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay. RESULTS The provocative dose of mannitol causing a 15% drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 s increased from 142 mg (95% confidence interval [CI] 82-202) to 187 mg (95% CI 113-262) after prasugrel treatment (P = 0.09), and did not change after placebo treatment (136 mg [95% CI 76-196] and 144 mg [95% CI 84-204], P = 0.65). FeNO did not change after either treatment. The PRI decreased from 80% (95% CI 77-83) to 23% (95% CI 7-29) after prasugrel treatment (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged after placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our proof-of-concept, randomized, controlled study is the first one to test in vivo the anti-inflammatory effects of platelet inhibition in human patients. The results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of P2Y12 receptors may slightly reduce the bronchial inflammatory burden, and lay the groundwork for further studies, with clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lussana
- Divisione di Medicina Generale III, Ospedale San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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Wigenstam E, Koch B, Bucht A, Jonasson S. N-acetyl cysteine improves the effects of corticosteroids in a mouse model of chlorine-induced acute lung injury. Toxicology 2014; 328:40-7. [PMID: 25497111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl2) causes tissue damage and a neutrophilic inflammatory response in the airways manifested by pronounced airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The importance of early anti-inflammatory treatment has previously been addressed. In the previous study, both high-dose and low-dose of dexamethasone (DEX) decreased the risk of developing delayed effects, such as persistent lung injuries, while only high-dose treatment could significantly counteract acute-phase effects. One aim of this study was to evaluate whether a low-dose of DEX in combination with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and if different treatments (Triptolide, Reparixin and Rolipram) administered 1h after Cl2-exposure could improve protection against acute lung injury in Cl2-exposed mice. BALB/c mice were exposed to 300 ppm Cl2 during 15 min. Assessment of AHR and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage was analyzed 24h post exposure. Neither of DEX nor NAC reduced the AHR and displayed only minor effects on inflammatory cell influx when given as separate treatments. When given in combination, a protective effect on AHR and a significant reduction in inflammatory cells (neutrophils) was observed. Neither of triptolide, Reparixin nor Rolipram had an effect on AHR but Triptolide had major effect on the inflammatory cell influx. Treatments did not reduce the concentration of either fibrinogen or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in serum, thereby supporting the theory that the inflammatory response is not solely limited to the lung. These results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at identifying new concepts for treatment of chemical-induced lung injury. Studies addressing combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatment are highly motivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wigenstam
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Koch
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Bucht
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Jonasson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden.
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Imahashi Y, Kanazawa H, Ijiri N, Yoshii N, Tamagaki G, Asai K, Tochino Y, Hirata K. Analysis of the contributing factors to airway hyperresponsiveness by a forced oscillation technique in patients with asthma. Osaka City Med J 2014; 60:53-62. [PMID: 25803880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forced oscillation technique (FOT) is increasingly used to obtain much information on the state of the respiratory system. However, there are little data about FOT parameters on methacholine provocation test in adult asthma. This study was designed to determine the physiological implications of FOT parameters during methacholine provocation and analyze the major contributing factors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. METHODS Spirometry and FOT were performed in 22 asthmatic patients and 21 normal control subjects before and after provocation with a maximal dose of methacholine. RESULTS In asthmatic patients, the percent increase in resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and resistance at 20 Hz (R20) after the methacholine provocation was 70 [45-93] % and 16 [5-23] %. The percent change in R20 was not significantly correlated with the percent change in FVC or FEV1. Similarly, the percent change in R5 was not significantly correlated with the percent change in FEV1, but was significantly correlated with the percent change in FVC. Moreover, the percent change in R5 was significantly correlated with the closing index (r = 0.55, p = 0.01). In addition, AHR to methacholine was closely correlated with the percent change in R5 (r = -0.71, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous measurement of FOT and bronchial challenge test provide meaningful information, and greater change in R5 may represent exaggerated response of small airways in asthmatic patients. This study will provide new insights into the physiological implications of each FOT parameter in asthmatic patients.
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[Evaluating bronchial hyperreactivity. Provocation test unmasks overtreatment in bronchial asthma]. MMW Fortschr Med 2014; 156:19. [PMID: 25510004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Gustafsson A, Jonasson S, Sandström T, Lorentzen JC, Bucht A. Genetic variation influences immune responses in sensitive rats following exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles. Toxicology 2014; 326:74-85. [PMID: 25456268 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the immunological responses in rats following inhalation to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), in naïve rats and in rats with induced allergic airway disease. The responses of two different inbred rat strains were compared: the Dark Aguoti (DA), susceptible to chronic inflammatory disorders, and the Brown Norwegian (BN), susceptible to atopic allergic inflammation. Naïve rats were exposed to an aerosol of TiO2 NPs once daily for 10 days. Another subset of rats was sensitized to the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) in order to induce airway inflammation. These sensitized rats were exposed to TiO2 NPs before and during the allergen challenge. Naïve rats exposed to TiO2 NPs developed an increase of neutrophils and lymphocytes in both rat strains. Airway hyperreactivity and production of inflammatory mediators typical of a T helper 1 type immune response were significantly increased, only in DA rats. Sensitization of the rats induced a prominent OVA-specific-IgE and IgG response in the BN rat while DA rats only showed an increased IgG response. Sensitized rats of both strains developed airway eosinophilia following allergen challenge, which declined upon exposure to TiO2 NPs. The level of neutrophils and lymphocytes increased upon exposure to TiO2 NPs in the airways of DA rats but remained unchanged in the airways of BN rats. In conclusion, the responses to TiO2 NPs were strain-dependent, indicating that genetics play a role in both immune and airway reactivity. DA rats were found to be higher responder compared to BN rats, both when it comes to responses in naïve and sensitized rats. The impact of genetically determined factors influencing the inflammatory reactions pinpoints the complexity of assessing health risks associated with nanoparticle exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Gustafsson
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Jonasson
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johnny C Lorentzen
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bucht
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Zhang H, Patil V, Raza A, Karmaus W, Ewart S, Arshad SH. Identifying the heterogeneity of young adult rhinitis through cluster analysis in the Isle of Wight birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:143-50. [PMID: 25085342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinitis affects many young adults and often shows comorbidity with asthma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that young adult rhinitis, like asthma, exhibits clinical heterogeneity identifiable by means of cluster analysis. METHODS Participants in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (n = 1456) were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 10, and 18 years of age. Cluster analysis was performed on those with rhinitis at age 18 years (n = 468) by using 13 variables defining clinical characteristics. RESULTS Four clusters were identified. Patients in cluster 1 (n = 128 [27.4%]; ie, moderate childhood-onset rhinitis) had high atopy and eczema prevalence and high total IgE levels but low asthma prevalence. They showed the best lung function at 18 years of age, with normal fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (Feno), low bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and low bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) but high rhinitis symptoms and treatment. Patients in cluster 2 (n = 199 [42.5%]; ie, mild-adolescence-onset female rhinitis) had the lowest prevalence of comorbid atopy, asthma, and eczema. They had normal lung function and low BHR, BDR, Feno values, and total IgE levels plus low rhinitis symptoms, severity, and treatment. Patients in cluster 3 (n = 59 [12.6%]; ie, severe earliest-onset rhinitis with asthma) had the youngest rhinitis onset plus the highest comorbid asthma (of simultaneous onset) and atopy. They showed the most obstructed lung function with high BHR, BDR, and Feno values plus high rhinitis symptoms, severity, and treatment. Patient 4 in cluster 4 (n = 82 [17.5%]; ie, moderate childhood-onset male rhinitis with asthma) had high atopy, intermediate asthma, and low eczema. They had impaired lung function with high Feno values and total IgE levels but intermediate BHR and BDR. They had moderate rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSION Clinically distinctive adolescent rhinitis clusters are apparent with varying sex and asthma associations plus differing rhinitis severity and treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Veeresh Patil
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Abid Raza
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Susan Ewart
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation, all of which are variable among patients and variable in time within any specific patient. Understanding the mechanism that underlies this observed variability, and using that understanding to advance the science of asthma and the care of asthmatic patients, is an essential purpose of developing phenotypes. Clinical phenotypes have been used for decades, but overlap each other, and do not map cleanly to either pathophysiologic mechanism or with therapeutic response. Molecular phenotyping, although as yet only partially developed, offers the promise of dissecting the mechanistic underpinnings of the variability of asthma and of providing predictive therapeutics for the benefit of patients with this common and troubling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Pillai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.118 John Sealy Annex, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0568, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the intensity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is correlated to other clinical data such as patient age at the onset of asthma, the serum IgE levels and familial genetic susceptibility, with the purpose of establishing a prognosis or phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS BHR was evaluated using the methacholine provocation test, with the patients divided into six groups according to the amount of methacholine needed to obtain PD20. A total of 138 children and adolescents up to age 18 years (94 males and 44 females) were included. Most had a clinical diagnosis of asthma, while tracheobronchitis or rhinitis was diagnosed among the least reactive subjects. The patients were divided into subjects with a family history of atopic disease (84 cases) and those without such a history (54 cases). In this latter case we discuss possible causes of BHR or dyspnoea triggering factors. RESULTS There were no significant differences in patient age at onset or in serum IgE among the patients with different intensities of BHR, or between those with a family history of atopic disease and those without. CONCLUSIONS No differences were found among the groups. It is therefore concluded that the intensity of BHR is not a valid parameter for establishing a prognosis or phenotype, although it can be used to assess the severity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muñoz-López
- Pediatric Immunoallergology Center, Former Head of the Department of Pediatric Immunoallergology, Clínic Hospital - Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona.
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Giovannini M, Valli M, Ribuffo V, Melara R, Cappiello G, Businarolo E, Andreani A. Relationship between Methacholine Challenge Testing and exhaled nitric oxide in adult patients with suspected bronchial asthma. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 46:109-113. [PMID: 24853569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Usually, hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine is considered closely associated with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Recently, it has been clearly pointed out that bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is not a constant feature of asthma and that this condition is not always related to airways inflammation. In the present study we evaluated 42 Patients (21 positive and 21 negative for bronchial hyperreactivity, BHR) with the aim to determine the effect of Methacholine Challenge Testing (MCT) on the levels of exhaled nitric oxide (NO). Higher FeNO levels were found before methacholine provocation in the group that eventually resulted positive to the challenge, while after the challenge in both groups FeNO decreased in similar way, with no statistical difference. These data confirm that MCT is a relevant test for asthma diagnosis, but it is not always related to the severity of bronchial inflammation, while FeNO levels in our study have limited clinical significance when evaluated out of asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giovannini
- Pulmonary Diseases Department, Mirandola Hospital, Via Fogazzaro 6, 41100, Modena, Italy, E-mail:
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Yu X, Zhu H, Yang X, Lu Y, Sun H, Fan L, Tao H, Zhou J, Luo W, Lai K, Hao C. [Study on dynamic changes of airway hyperresponsiveness in children with cough variant asthma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94:1215-1218. [PMID: 24924883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the dynamic changes of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in children with cough variant asthma (CVA). METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University from April 2012 to March 2013. A total of 36 patients were diagnosed as CVA. According to the integral dose of histamine resulting in a 20% (PD20) fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the severity of CVA was graded. Corresponding treatment was administered and the dynamic changes of airway hyperresponsiveness were followed for 0, 1 and 6 months. RESULTS Among them, 14 patients suffered from CVA only while another 22 cases had CVA plus upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). PD20 of CVA and CVA+UACS groups were (0.46 ± 0.26) and (0.58 ± 0.34) mg respectively. No statistically significance existed between two groups (t = -0.880, P > 0.05). According to the value of PD20, AHR in CVA patients was classified into four degrees of severe, moderate, mild and very mild. Initially there were moderate (n = 8), mild (n = 21) and very mild (n = 5). At 1 month follow-up, moderate (n = 1), mild (n = 28) and borderline (n = 7); At 6 month, moderate (n = 2), mild (n = 20) and very mild (n = 7). And 4 cases turned negative and another 3 cases became lost. Cough symptom score and PD20 showed no significant correlation (r = -0.086, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AHR in CVA patients is predominantly mild and very mild. And it decreases rapidly mostly during initial treatment phase. The proportion of conversion from CVA into negative and typical bronchial asthma is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Yu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
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