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Hrvat A, Benders S, Kimmig R, Brandau S, Mallmann-Gottschalk N. Immunoglobulins and serum proteins impair anti-tumor NK cell effector functions in malignant ascites. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360615. [PMID: 38646521 PMCID: PMC11026578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignant ascites indicates ovarian cancer progression and predicts poor clinical outcome. Various ascites components induce an immunosuppressive crosstalk between tumor and immune cells, which is poorly understood. In our previous study, imbalanced electrolytes, particularly high sodium content in malignant ascites, have been identified as a main immunosuppressive mechanism that impaired NK and T-cell activity. Methods In the present study, we explored the role of high concentrations of ascites proteins and immunoglobulins on antitumoral NK effector functions. To this end, a coculture system consisting of healthy donor NK cells and ovarian cancer cells was used. The anti-EGFR antibody Cetuximab was added to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK activity was assessed in the presence of different patient ascites samples and immunoglobulins that were isolated from ascites. Results Overall high protein concentration in ascites impaired NK cell degranulation, conjugation to tumor cells, and intracellular calcium signaling. Immunoglobulins isolated from ascites samples competitively interfered with NK ADCC and inhibited the conjugation to target cells. Furthermore, downregulation of regulatory surface markers CD16 and DNAM-1 on NK cells was prevented by ascites-derived immunoglobulins during NK cell activation. Conclusion Our data show that high protein concentrations in biological fluids are able to suppress antitumoral activity of NK cells independent from the mechanism mediated by imbalanced electrolytes. The competitive interference between immunoglobulins of ascites and specific therapeutic antibodies could diminish the efficacy of antibody-based therapies and should be considered in antibody-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hrvat
- Experimental and Translational Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja Benders
- Experimental and Translational Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, St. Joseph Hospital Kupferdreh, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Experimental and Translational Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen-Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Mallmann-Gottschalk
- Experimental and Translational Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Mimura Y, Mimura-Kimura Y, Saldova R, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin by Fc Galactosylation and Nonfucosylation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818382. [PMID: 35154135 PMCID: PMC8831331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of various autoimmune/inflammatory diseases although its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recently, nonfucosylated IgG has been shown to be preferentially bound to Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) on circulating natural killer cells; therefore, we hypothesized that nonfucosylated IVIG may modulate immune responses through FcγRIIIa blockade. Here, homogeneous fucosylated or nonfucosylated glycoforms of normal polyclonal IgG bearing sialylated, galactosylated or nongalactosylated Fc oligosaccharides were generated by chemoenzymatic glycoengineering to investigate whether the IgG glycoforms can inhibit antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Among the six IgG glycoforms, galactosylated, nonfucosylated IgG [(G2)2] had the highest affinity to FcγRIIIa and 20 times higher potency to inhibit ADCC than native IgG. A pilot study of IVIG treatment in mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis highlighted the low-dose (G2)2 glycoform of IVIG (0.1 g/kg) as an effective immunomodulatory agent as the 10-fold higher dose of native IVIG. These preliminary results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of IVIG is in part mediated via activating FcγR blockade by galactosylated, nonfucosylated IgG and that such nonfucosylated IgG glycoforms bound to FcγRs on immune cells play immunomodulatory roles in health and disease. This study provides insights into improved therapeutic strategies for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases using glycoengineered IVIG and recombinant Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yusuke Mimura,
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Tibbetts R, Yeo KK, Muthugounder S, Lee MH, Jung C, Porras-Corredor T, Sheard MA, Asgharzadeh S. Anti-disialoganglioside antibody internalization by neuroblastoma cells as a mechanism of immunotherapy resistance. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:153-164. [PMID: 34043024 PMCID: PMC10991857 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) accounts for a disproportionate number of deaths among childhood malignancies despite intensive multimodal therapy that includes antibody targeting disialoganglioside GD2, a NBL antigen. Unfortunately, resistance to anti-GD2 immunotherapy is frequent and we aimed to investigate mechanisms of resistance in NBL. GD2 expression was quantified by flow cytometry and anti-GD2 antibody internalization was measured using real-time microscopy in 20 human NBL cell lines. Neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays were performed on a subset of the cell lines (n = 12), and results were correlated with GD2 expression and antibody internalization. GD2 was expressed on 19 of 20 NBL cell lines at variable levels, and neutrophil-mediated ADCC was observed only in GD2-expressing cell lines. We found no correlation between level of GD2 expression and sensitivity to neutrophil-mediated ADCC, suggesting that GD2 expression of many cell lines was above a threshold required for maximal ADCC, such that expression level could not be used to predict subsequent cytotoxicity. Instead, anti-GD2 antibody internalization, a process that occurred universally but differentially across GD2-expressing NBL cell lines, was inversely correlated with ADCC. Treatment with endocytosis inhibitors EIPA, chlorpromazine, MBCD, and cytochalasin-D showed potential to inhibit antibody internalization; however, only MBCD resulted in significantly increased sensitivity to neutrophil-mediated ADCC in 4 of 4 cell lines in vitro. Our data suggest that antibody internalization may represent a novel mechanism of immunotherapy escape by NBL and provide proof-of-principle that targeting pathways involved in antibody internalization may improve the efficacy of anti-GD2 immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Tibbetts
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kee Kiat Yeo
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakunthala Muthugounder
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Cham Jung
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Tania Porras-Corredor
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Michael A Sheard
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Richard J, Prévost J, Goyette G, Finzi A. A new flow cytometry assay to measure antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-expressing cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100851. [PMID: 34541555 PMCID: PMC8435374 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies can engage specific receptors at the surface of effector cells and mediate several functions beyond viral neutralization. Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), have an important role in protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We engineered a cell line stably expressing a GFP-tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike to measure ADCC. This protocol provides an optimized way of measuring ADCC activity mediated by anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike monoclonal antibodies or plasma from previously infected or vaccinated individuals. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Anand et al. (2021b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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5
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Wu Z, Lau CM, Sottile R, Le Luduec JB, Panjwani MK, Conaty PM, Srpan K, Laib Sampaio K, Mertens T, Adler SP, Hill AB, Barker JN, Cheung NKV, Sun JC, Hsu KC. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Expansion of a Functionally Superior Cytoplasmic CD3 + NK Cell Subset with a Bcl11b-Regulated T Cell Signature. J Immunol 2021; 207:2534-2544. [PMID: 34625521 PMCID: PMC8578400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that indelibly shapes the NK cell repertoire. Using transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic approaches to evaluate peripheral blood NK cells from healthy human volunteers, we find that prior HCMV infection promotes NK cells with a T cell-like gene profile, including the canonical markers CD3ε, CD5, and CD8β, as well as the T cell lineage-commitment transcription factor Bcl11b. Although Bcl11b expression is upregulated during NK maturation from CD56bright to CD56dim, we find a Bcl11b-mediated signature at the protein level for FcεRIγ, PLZF, IL-2Rβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε in later-stage, HCMV-induced NK cells. BCL11B is targeted by Notch signaling in T cell development, and culture of NK cells with Notch ligand increases cytoplasmic CD3ε expression. The Bcl11b-mediated gain of CD3ε, physically associated with CD16 signaling molecules Lck and CD247 in NK cells is correlated with increased Ab-dependent effector function, including against HCMV-infected cells, identifying a potential mechanism for their prevalence in HCMV-infected individuals and their prospective clinical use in Ab-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Sottile
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Kazim Panjwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Peter M Conaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katja Srpan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ann B Hill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY;
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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6
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Prévost J, Medjahed H, Vézina D, Chen HC, Hahn BH, Smith AB, Finzi A. HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Proteolytic Cleavage Protects Infected Cells from ADCC Mediated by Plasma from Infected Individuals. Viruses 2021; 13:2236. [PMID: 34835042 PMCID: PMC8625184 DOI: 10.3390/v13112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum as a trimeric gp160 precursor, which requires proteolytic cleavage by a cellular furin protease to mediate virus-cell fusion. Env is conformationally flexible but controls its transition from the unbound "closed" conformation (State 1) to downstream CD4-bound conformations (States 2/3), which are required for fusion. In particular, HIV-1 has evolved several mechanisms that reduce the premature "opening" of Env which exposes highly conserved epitopes recognized by non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Env cleavage decreases its conformational transitions favoring the adoption of the "closed" conformation. Here we altered the gp160 furin cleavage site to impair Env cleavage and to examine its impact on ADCC responses mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. We found that infected primary CD4+ T cells expressing uncleaved, but not wildtype, Env are efficiently recognized by nnAbs and become highly susceptible to ADCC responses mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. Thus, HIV-1 limits the exposure of uncleaved Env at the surface of HIV-1-infected cells at least in part to escape ADCC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA;
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Kdimati S, Mullins CS, Linnebacher M. Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111597. [PMID: 34769026 PMCID: PMC8583861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the primary component of the human serum antibody fraction, representing about 75% of the immunoglobulins and 10-20% of the total circulating plasma proteins. Generally, IgG sequences are highly conserved, yet the four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, differ in their physiological effector functions by binding to different IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). Thus, despite a similarity of about 90% on the amino acid level, each subclass possesses a unique manner of antigen binding and immune complex formation. Triggering FcγR-expressing cells results in a wide range of responses, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and complement activation. Textbook knowledge implies that only B lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies, which recognize specific antigenic structures derived from pathogens and infected endogenous or tumorigenic cells. Here, we review recent discoveries, including our own observations, about misplaced IgG expression in tumor cells. Various studies described the presence of IgG in tumor cells using immunohistology and established correlations between high antibody levels and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and poor clinical prognosis for the respective tumor patients. Furthermore, blocking tumor-cell-derived IgG inhibited tumor cells. Tumor-cell-derived IgG might impede antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by binding antigens while, at the same time, lacking the capacity for complement activation. These findings recommend tumor-cell-derived IgG as a potential therapeutic target. The observed uniqueness of Ig heavy chains expressed by tumor cells, using PCR with V(D)J rearrangement specific primers, suggests that this specific part of IgG may additionally play a role as a potential tumor marker and, thus, also qualify for the neoantigen category.
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Gruijs M, Ganzevles SH, Stigter-van Walsum M, van der Mast R, van Ostaijen-ten Dam MM, Tuk CW, Schilham MW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, van Egmond M, van de Ven R, Bakema JE. NK Cell-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Immunotherapy Is Improved In Vitro and In Vivo When Combined with Agonists for Toll-like Receptor 2 in Head and Neck Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11057. [PMID: 34681717 PMCID: PMC8541276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive character of head and neck cancers may explain the relatively low response rates to antibody therapy targeting a tumor antigen, such as cetuximab, and anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Immunostimulatory agents that overcome tumor-derived inhibitory signals could augment therapeutic efficacy, thereby enhancing tumor elimination and improving patient survival. Here, we demonstrate that cetuximab treatment combined with immunostimulatory agonists for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 induces profound immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells, isolated from healthy individuals or patients with head and neck cancer, harbored enhanced cytotoxic capacity and increased tumor-killing potential in vitro. Additionally, combination treatment increased the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by NK cells. Tumor-bearing mice that received cetuximab and the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 showed increased infiltration of immune cells into the tumors compared to mice that received cetuximab monotherapy, resulting in a significant delay in tumor growth or even complete tumor regression. Moreover, combination treatment resulted in improved overall survival in vivo. In conclusion, combining tumor-targeting antibody-based immunotherapy with TLR stimulation represents a promising treatment strategy to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. This treatment could well be applied together with other therapeutic strategies such as anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibition to further overcome immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab/pharmacology
- Cetuximab/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopeptides/pharmacology
- Lipopeptides/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, IgG/agonists
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Gruijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Sonja H. Ganzevles
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Richard van der Mast
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Monique M. van Ostaijen-ten Dam
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Cornelis W. Tuk
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Marco W. Schilham
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - C. René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Jantine E. Bakema
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
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9
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Anand SP, Ding S, Tolbert WD, Prévost J, Richard J, Gil HM, Gendron-Lepage G, Cheung WF, Wang H, Pastora R, Saxena H, Wakarchuk W, Medjahed H, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Shaw GM, Martin MA, Burton DR, Hangartner L, Evans DT, Pazgier M, Cossar D, McLean MD, Finzi A. Enhanced Ability of Plant-Derived PGT121 Glycovariants To Eliminate HIV-1-Infected Cells. J Virol 2021; 95:e0079621. [PMID: 34232070 PMCID: PMC8387047 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00796-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting HIV-1 depends on pleiotropic functions, including viral neutralization and the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells. Several in vivo studies have suggested that passive administration of bNAbs represents a valuable strategy for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1. In addition, different strategies are currently being tested to scale up the production of bNAbs to obtain the large quantities of antibodies required for clinical trials. Production of antibodies in plants permits low-cost and large-scale production of valuable therapeutics; furthermore, pertinent to this work, it also includes an advanced glycoengineering platform. In this study, we used Nicotiana benthamiana to produce different Fc-glycovariants of a potent bNAb, PGT121, with near-homogeneous profiles and evaluated their antiviral activities. Structural analyses identified a close similarity in overall structure and glycosylation patterns of Fc regions for these plant-derived Abs and mammalian cell-derived Abs. When tested for Fc-effector activities, afucosylated PGT121 showed significantly enhanced FcγRIIIa interaction and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against primary HIV-1-infected cells, both in vitro and ex vivo. However, the overall galactosylation profiles of plant PGT121 did not affect ADCC activities against infected primary CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that the abrogation of the Fc N-linked glycan fucosylation of PGT121 is a worthwhile strategy to boost its Fc-effector functionality. IMPORTANCE PGT121 is a highly potent bNAb and its antiviral activities for HIV-1 prevention and therapy are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The importance of its Fc-effector functions in clearing HIV-1-infected cells is also under investigation. Our results highlight enhanced Fc-effector activities of afucosylated PGT121 MAbs that could be important in a therapeutic context to accelerate infected cell clearance and slow disease progression. Future studies to evaluate the potential of plant-produced afucosylated PGT121 in controlling HIV-1 replication in vivo are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hwi Min Gil
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malcom A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David T. Evans
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Doug Cossar
- PlantForm Corporation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Lee WS, Selva KJ, Davis SK, Wines BD, Reynaldi A, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Haycroft ER, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Hogarth PM, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Chung AW, Kent SJ. Decay of Fc-dependent antibody functions after mild to moderate COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100296. [PMID: 33997824 PMCID: PMC8106889 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of antibodies to engage with immune cells via the Fc region is important in preventing and controlling many infectious diseases. The evolution of such antibodies during convalescence from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely unknown. We develop assays to measure Fc-dependent antibody functions against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-expressing cells in serial samples from subjects primarily with mild-moderate COVID-19 up to 149 days post-infection. We find that S-specific antibodies capable of engaging Fcγ receptors decay over time, with S-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) activity within plasma declining accordingly. Although there is significant decay in ADCC and ADP activity, they remain readily detectable in almost all subjects at the last time point studied (94%) in contrast with neutralization activity (70%). Although it remains unclear the degree to which Fc effector functions contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our results indicate that antibodies with Fc effector functions persist longer than neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin John Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebene R. Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Wang Z, Chimenti MS, Strouse C, Weiner GJ. T cells, particularly activated CD4 + cells, maintain anti-CD20-mediated NK cell viability and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:237-249. [PMID: 34110453 PMCID: PMC8783893 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a mainstay of therapy for B cell malignancies, however many patients fail to respond or eventually develop resistance. The current understanding of mechanisms responsible for this resistance is limited. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were cultured with Raji cells for 7 days, rituximab (RTX) induced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), enhanced NK cell viability and increased or maintained NK expression of CD56, CD16, CD57 and KIR. T cells, mainly CD4+, mediated these changes in a contact-dependent manner, with local T cell production of IL2 playing a central role. Similar findings were found when autologous B cells were used as target cells demonstrating the need for T cell help was not due to allogenic reaction. Results with other anti-CD20 and anti-EGFR antibodies were consistent. Small numbers of T cells activated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads or bispecific antibody enhanced RTX-mediated NK cell ADCC, viability and phenotypical changes. Pathway analysis of bulk NK cell mRNA sequencing after activation by RTX with and without T cells was consistent with T cells maintaining the viability of the activated NK cells. These findings suggest T cell help, mediated in large part by local production of IL2, contributes to NK cell ADCC and viability, and that activating T cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as through the use of anti-CD3 based bispecific antibodies, could enhance the efficacy of anti-CD20 and other mAb therapies where NK-mediated ADCC is a primary mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Strouse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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12
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Bahri M, Kailayangiri S, Vermeulen S, Galopin N, Rossig C, Paris F, Fougeray S, Birklé S. SIRPα-specific monoclonal antibody enables antibody-dependent phagocytosis of neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:71-83. [PMID: 34023958 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides some benefits for patients with neuroblastoma (NB). However, the therapeutic efficacy remains limited, and treatment is associated with significant neuropathic pain. Targeting O-acetylated GD2 (OAcGD2) by 8B6 mAb has been proposed to avoid pain by more selective tumor cell targeting. Thorough understanding of its mode of action is necessary to optimize this treatment strategy. Here, we found that 8B6-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) performed by macrophages is a key effector mechanism. But efficacy is limited by upregulation of CD47 expression on neuroblastoma cells in response to OAcGD2 mAb targeting, inhibiting 8B6-mediated ADCP. Antibody specific for the CD47 receptor SIRPα on macrophages restored 8B6-induced ADCP of CD47-expressing NB cells and improved the antitumor activity of 8B6 mAb therapy. These results identify ADCP as a critical mechanism for tumor cytolysis by anti-disialoganglioside mAb and support a combination with SIRPα blocking agents for effective neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bahri
- CRCINA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Rossig
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Fougeray
- CRCINA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- UFR Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, 44035-01, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Birklé
- CRCINA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- UFR Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, 44035-01, Nantes, France.
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13
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Gunn BM, Lu R, Slein MD, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Atyeo C, Schendel SL, Kim J, Cain C, Roy V, Suscovich TJ, Takada A, Halfmann PJ, Kawaoka Y, Pauthner MG, Momoh M, Goba A, Kanneh L, Andersen KG, Schieffelin JS, Grant D, Garry RF, Saphire EO, Bukreyev A, Alter G. A Fc engineering approach to define functional humoral correlates of immunity against Ebola virus. Immunity 2021; 54:815-828.e5. [PMID: 33852832 PMCID: PMC8111768 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protective Ebola virus (EBOV) antibodies have neutralizing activity and induction of antibody constant domain (Fc)-mediated innate immune effector functions. Efforts to enhance Fc effector functionality often focus on maximizing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, yet distinct combinations of functions could be critical for antibody-mediated protection. As neutralizing antibodies have been cloned from EBOV disease survivors, we sought to identify survivor Fc effector profiles to help guide Fc optimization strategies. Survivors developed a range of functional antibody responses, and we therefore applied a rapid, high-throughput Fc engineering platform to define the most protective profiles. We generated a library of Fc variants with identical antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) from an EBOV neutralizing antibody. Fc variants with antibody-mediated complement deposition and moderate natural killer (NK) cell activity demonstrated complete protective activity in a stringent in vivo mouse model. Our findings highlight the importance of specific effector functions in antibody-mediated protection, and the experimental platform presents a generalizable resource for identifying correlates of immunity to guide therapeutic antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jiyoung Kim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Cain
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Donald Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Candelaria PV, Leoh LS, Penichet ML, Daniels-Wells TR. Antibodies Targeting the Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) as Direct Anti-cancer Agents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607692. [PMID: 33815364 PMCID: PMC8010148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), also known as cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that binds transferrin (Tf) and performs a critical role in cellular iron uptake through the interaction with iron-bound Tf. Iron is required for multiple cellular processes and is essential for DNA synthesis and, thus, cellular proliferation. Due to its central role in cancer cell pathology, malignant cells often overexpress TfR1 and this increased expression can be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer. The elevated levels of TfR1 expression on malignant cells, together with its extracellular accessibility, ability to internalize, and central role in cancer cell pathology make this receptor an attractive target for antibody-mediated therapy. The TfR1 can be targeted by antibodies for cancer therapy in two distinct ways: (1) indirectly through the use of antibodies conjugated to anti-cancer agents that are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis or (2) directly through the use of antibodies that disrupt the function of the receptor and/or induce Fc effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Although TfR1 has been used extensively as a target for antibody-mediated cancer therapy over the years, interest continues to increase for both targeting the receptor for delivery purposes and for its use as direct anti-cancer agents. This review focuses on the developments in the use of antibodies targeting TfR1 as direct anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre V. Candelaria
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lai Sum Leoh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tracy R. Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Damelang T, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lopez E, Killian M, Unger HW, Salanti A, Shub A, McCarthy E, Kedzierska K, Lappas M, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Antibody mediated activation of natural killer cells in malaria exposed pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4130. [PMID: 33602987 PMCID: PMC7893158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune effector responses against Plasmodium falciparum include antibody-mediated activation of innate immune cells, which can induce Fc effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effector functions are regulated by the composition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-linked glycans. However, a role for antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cells activation or Fc N-linked glycans in pregnant women with malaria has not yet been established. Herein, we studied the capacity of IgG antibodies from pregnant women, with placental malaria or non-placental malaria, to induce NK cell activation in response to placental malaria-associated antigens DBL2 and DBL3. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation was observed in pregnant women with malaria, but no differences were associated with susceptibility to placental malaria. Elevated anti-inflammatory glycosylation patterns of IgG antibodies were observed in pregnant women with or without malaria infection, which were not seen in healthy non-pregnant controls. This suggests that pregnancy-associated anti-inflammatory Fc N-linked glycans may dampen the antibody-mediated activation of NK cells in pregnant women with malaria infection. Overall, although anti-inflammatory glycans and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were detected in pregnant women with malaria, a definitive role for these antibody features in protecting against placental malaria remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holger W Unger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Butler SE, Crowley AR, Natarajan H, Xu S, Weiner JA, Bobak CA, Mattox DE, Lee J, Wieland-Alter W, Connor RI, Wright PF, Ackerman ME. Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618685. [PMID: 33584712 PMCID: PMC7876222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection will play a critical role in the development of vaccines and antibody-based interventions. We report systemic and mucosal antibody responses in convalescent individuals who experienced varying severity of disease. Whereas assessment of neutralization and antibody-mediated effector functions revealed polyfunctional antibody responses in serum, only robust neutralization and phagocytosis were apparent in nasal wash samples. Serum neutralization and effector functions correlated with systemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response magnitude, while mucosal neutralization was associated with nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA. Antibody depletion experiments support the mechanistic relevance of these correlations. Associations between nasal IgA responses, virus neutralization at the mucosa, and less severe disease suggest the importance of assessing mucosal immunity in larger natural infection cohorts. Further characterization of antibody responses at the portal of entry may define their ability to contribute to protection from infection or reduced risk of hospitalization, informing public health assessment strategies and vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E. Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Shiwei Xu
- Program in Quantitative and Biology Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Carly A. Bobak
- Program in Quantitative and Biology Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Daniel E. Mattox
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Wendy Wieland-Alter
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ruth I. Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Peter F. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Program in Quantitative and Biology Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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17
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Doepker LE, Danon S, Harkins E, Ralph DK, Yaffe Z, Garrett ME, Dhar A, Wagner C, Stumpf MM, Arenz D, Williams JA, Jaoko W, Mandaliya K, Lee KK, Matsen FA, Overbaugh JM. Development of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity function in HIV-1 antibodies. eLife 2021; 10:e63444. [PMID: 33427196 PMCID: PMC7884072 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for the design of an HIV vaccine that elicits protective antibodies is understanding the developmental pathways that result in desirable antibody features. The development of antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is particularly relevant because such antibodies have been associated with HIV protection in humans. We reconstructed the developmental pathways of six human HIV-specific ADCC antibodies using longitudinal antibody sequencing data. Most of the inferred naive antibodies did not mediate detectable ADCC. Gain of antigen binding and ADCC function typically required mutations in complementarity determining regions of one or both chains. Enhancement of ADCC potency often required additional mutations in framework regions. Antigen binding affinity and ADCC activity were correlated, but affinity alone was not sufficient to predict ADCC potency. Thus, elicitation of broadly active ADCC antibodies may require mutations that enable high-affinity antigen recognition along with mutations that optimize factors contributing to functional ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Doepker
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Sonja Danon
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Elias Harkins
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Duncan K Ralph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Zak Yaffe
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Meghan E Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Amrit Dhar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Statistics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Cassia Wagner
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Megan M Stumpf
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Dana Arenz
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - James A Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Department of Medicinal Microbiology, University of NairobiNairobiKenya
| | - Kishor Mandaliya
- Coast Provincial General Hospital, Women’s Health ProjectMombasaKenya
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Julie M Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
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18
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Chen D, Zhao Y, Li M, Shang H, Li N, Li F, Wang W, Wang Y, Jin R, Liu S, Li X, Gao S, Tian Y, Li R, Li H, Zhang Y, Du M, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang Y, Hu LA, Li F, Zhang H. A general Fc engineering platform for the next generation of antibody therapeutics. Theranostics 2021; 11:1901-1917. [PMID: 33408788 PMCID: PMC7778609 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fc engineering has become the focus of antibody drug development. The current mutagenesis and in silico protein design methods are confined by the limited throughput and high cost, while the high-throughput phage display and yeast display technologies are not suitable for screening glycosylated Fc variants. Here we developed a mammalian cell display-based Fc engineering platform. Methods: By using mammalian cell display and next generation sequencing, we screened millions of Fc variants for optimized affinity and specificity for FcγRIIIa or FcγRIIb. The identified Fc variants with improved binding to FcγRIIIa were substituted into trastuzumab and rituximab and the effector function of antibodies were examined in the PBMC-based assay. On the other hand, the identified Fc variants with selectively enhanced FcγRIIb binding were applied to CD40 agonist antibody and the activities of the antibodies were measured on different cell assays. The immunostimulatory activity of CD40 antibodies was also evaluated by OVA-specific CD8+ T cell response model in FcγR/CD40-humanized mice. Results: Using this approach, we screened millions of Fc variant and successfully identified several novel Fc variants with enhanced FcγRIIIa or FcγRIIb binding. These identified Fc variants displayed a dramatic increase in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in PBMC-based assay. Novel variants with selectively enhanced FcγRIIb binding were also identified. CD40 agonist antibodies substituted with these Fc variants displayed activity more potent than the parental antibody in the in vitro and in vivo models.Conclusions: This approach increased the throughput of Fc variant screening from thousands to millions magnitude, enabled screening variants containing multiple mutations and could be integrated with glycoengineering technology, represents an ideal platform for Fc engineering. The initial efforts demonstrated the capability of the platform and the novel Fc variants could be substituted into nearly any antibody for the next generation of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruina Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun Li
- Amgen Research, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mingjuan Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Youjia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Analytical Science, Zhenge Biotech, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Liaoyuan A. Hu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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19
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Ustyanovska Avtenyuk N, Visser N, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The Neutrophil: The Underdog That Packs a Punch in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7820. [PMID: 33105656 PMCID: PMC7659937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has had a major impact on the outcome and overall survival in many types of cancer. Current immunotherapeutic strategies typically aim to (re)activate anticancer T cell immunity, although the targeting of macrophage-mediated anticancer innate immunity has also emerged in recent years. Neutrophils, although comprising ≈ 60% of all white blood cells in the circulation, are still largely overlooked in this respect. Nevertheless, neutrophils have evident anticancer activity and can induce phagocytosis, trogocytosis, as well as the direct cytotoxic elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, therapeutic tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies trigger anticancer immune responses through all innate Fc-receptor expressing cells, including neutrophils. Indeed, the depletion of neutrophils strongly reduced the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment and increased tumor progression in various preclinical studies. In addition, the infusion of neutrophils in murine cancer models reduced tumor progression. However, evidence on the anticancer effects of neutrophils is fragmentary and mostly obtained in in vitro assays or murine models with reports on anticancer neutrophil activity in humans lagging behind. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the available knowledge of anticancer activity by neutrophils. Furthermore, we will describe strategies being explored for the therapeutic activation of anticancer neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
| | - Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
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20
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Tuyishime M, Garrido C, Jha S, Moeser M, Mielke D, LaBranche C, Montefiori D, Haynes BF, Joseph S, Margolis DM, Ferrari G. Improved killing of HIV-infected cells using three neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5157-5170. [PMID: 32584790 PMCID: PMC7524508 DOI: 10.1172/jci135557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses with protection from and delayed progression of HIV-1 infection provides a rationale to leverage ADCC-mediating antibodies for treatment purposes. We evaluated ADCC mediated by different combinations of 2 to 6 neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-HIV-1 Envelope (Env) mAbs, using concentrations ≤ 1 μg/mL, to identify combinations effective at targeting latent reservoir HIV-1 viruses from 10 individuals. We found that within 2 hours, combinations of 3 mAbs mediated more than 30% killing of HIV-infected primary CD4+ T cells in the presence of autologous NK cells, with the combination of A32 (C1C2), DH511.2K3 (MPER), and PGT121 (V3) mAbs being the most effective. Increasing the incubation of target and effector cells in the presence of mAb combinations from 2 to 24 hours resulted in increased specific killing of infected cells, even with neutralization-resistant viruses. The same combination eliminated reactivated latently HIV-1-infected cells in an ex vivo quantitative viral outgrowth assay. Therefore, administration of a combination of 3 mAbs should be considered in planning in vivo studies seeking to eliminate persistently HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tuyishime
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Joseph
- UNC HIV Cure Center and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - David M. Margolis
- UNC HIV Cure Center and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Gordan S, Albert H, Danzer H, Lux A, Biburger M, Nimmerjahn F. The Immunological Organ Environment Dictates the Molecular and Cellular Pathways of Cytotoxic Antibody Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3033-3046.e4. [PMID: 31801071 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic immunoglobulin G antibodies are an essential component of therapeutic approaches aimed at depleting self-reactive or malignant cells. More recent evidence suggests that the tissue in which the target cell resides influences the underlying molecular and cellular pathways responsible for cytotoxic antibody activity. By studying cytotoxic IgG activity directed against natural killer cells in primary and secondary immunological organs, we show that distinct organ-specific effector pathways are responsible for target cell depletion. While in the bone marrow, the classical complement pathway and the high-affinity Fcγ-receptor I expressed on organ-resident macrophages were both involved in removing opsonized target cells; in the spleen and blood, all activating FcγRs but not the classical complement pathway were critical for target cell killing. Our study suggests that future strategies aimed at optimizing overall cytotoxic antibody activity may need to consider organ-specific pathways to achieve a maximal therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gordan
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Albert
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Danzer
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Nguyen R, Patel AG, Griffiths LM, Dapper J, Stewart EA, Houston J, Johnson M, Akers WJ, Furman WL, Dyer MA. Next-generation humanized patient-derived xenograft mouse model for pre-clinical antibody studies in neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:721-732. [PMID: 32915319 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Faithful tumor mouse models are fundamental research tools to advance the field of immuno-oncology (IO). This is particularly relevant in diseases with low incidence, as in the case of pediatric malignancies, that rely on pre-clinical therapeutic development. However, conventional syngeneic and genetically engineered mouse models fail to recapitulate the tumor heterogeneity and microenvironmental complexity of human pathology that are essential determinants of cancer-directed immunity. Here, we characterize a novel mouse model that supports human natural killer (NK) cell development and engraftment of neuroblastoma orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (O-PDX) for pre-clinical antibody and cytokine testing. Using cytotoxicity assays, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and multi-color flow cytometry, we demonstrate that NK cells that develop in the humanized mice are fully licensed to execute NK cell cytotoxicity, permit human tumor engraftment, but can be therapeutically redirected to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although these cells share phenotypic and molecular features with healthy controls, we noted that they lacked an NK cell subset, termed activated NK cells, that is characterized by differentially expressed genes that are induced by cytokine activation. Because this subset of genes is also downregulated in patients with neuroblastoma compared to healthy controls, we hypothesize that this finding could be due to tumor-mediated suppressive effects. Thus, despite its technical complexity, this humanized patient-derived xenograft mouse model could serve as a faithful system for future testing of IO applications and studies of underlying immunologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anand G Patel
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lyra M Griffiths
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Dapper
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jim Houston
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics (CIVIT), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Walter J Akers
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics (CIVIT), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wayne L Furman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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23
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Zhao NQ, Vendrame E, Ferreira AM, Seiler C, Ranganath T, Alary M, Labbé AC, Guédou F, Poudrier J, Holmes S, Roger M, Blish CA. Natural killer cell phenotype is altered in HIV-exposed seronegative women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238347. [PMID: 32870938 PMCID: PMC7462289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals present a unique setting to study mechanisms of protection against HIV acquisition. As natural killer (NK) cell activation and function have been implicated as a correlate of protection in HESN individuals, we sought to better understand the features of NK cells that may confer protection. We used mass cytometry to phenotypically profile NK cells from a cohort of Beninese sex workers and healthy controls. We found that NK cells from HESN women had increased expression of NKG2A, NKp30 and LILRB1, as well as the Fc receptor CD16, and decreased expression of DNAM-1, CD94, Siglec-7, and NKp44. Using functional assessments of NK cells from healthy donors against autologous HIV-infected CD4+ T cells, we observed that NKp30+ and Siglec-7+ cells had improved functional activity. Further, we found that NK cells from HESN women trended towards increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity; this activity correlated with increased CD16 expression. Overall, we identify features of NK cells in HESN women that may contribute to protection from HIV infection. Follow up studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Q. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anne-Maud Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michel Alary
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, Service de maladies infectieuses et microbiologie, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Johanne Poudrier
- Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michel Roger
- Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (CAB); (MR)
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAB); (MR)
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24
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Ge S, Chu M, Choi J, Louie S, Vo A, Jordan SC, Toyoda M. Imlifidase Inhibits HLA Antibody-mediated NK Cell Activation and Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) In Vitro. Transplantation 2020; 104:1574-1579. [PMID: 32732834 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important pathway responsible for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Imlifidase (IdeS) cleaves human IgG into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments, potentially inhibiting ADCC. Here we examined the effect of IdeS on allo-antibody-mediated NK cell activation (Allo-CFC) and ADCC in vitro. METHODS For Allo-CFC, normal whole blood was incubated with third-party peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pretreated with anti-HLA antibody positive (HS) or negative (NC) sera to measure IFNγ+ NK cell%. For ADCC, normal PBMCs were incubated with Farage B (FB) cells with HS or NC sera to measure 7-AAD+ lysed FB cell%. To assess the effect of IdeS on these assays, serum-treated PBMCs (Allo-CFC-1) and serum used for PBMC pretreatment (Allo-CFC-2) in Allo-CFC, and serum used for ADCC were preincubated with IdeS. Sera from IdeS-treated patients were also tested for Allo-CFC (Allo-CFC-3). RESULTS IFNγ+ NK cell% were significantly elevated in HS versus NC sera in Allo-CFC-1 (10 ± 3% versus 2 ± 1%, P = 0.001), Allo-CFC-2 (20 ± 10% versus 4 ± 2%, P = 0.01) and 7AAD+ FB cell% (11 ± 3% versus 4 ± 2%, P = 0.02) in ADCC. These were significantly reduced by IdeS treatment. Patient sera with significantly reduced anti-HLA antibody levels at 1 day postimlifidase lost the capacity to activate NK cells in Allo-CFC-3, but those at 1-3 months postimlifidase regained the capacity. CONCLUSIONS IdeS inhibited NK cell activation and ADCC in vitro and in treated patients. These results and reported inhibition of complement activating anti-HLA antibodies by IdeS suggest its possible role in treatment of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Ge
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maggie Chu
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jua Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sabrina Louie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ashley Vo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stanley C Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mieko Toyoda
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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25
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Abstract
It has been well-established that antibody isotype, glycosylation, and epitope all play roles in the process of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). For natural killer (NK) cells, these phenotypes are linked to cellular activation through interaction with the IgG receptor FcγRIIIa, a single pass transmembrane receptor that participates in cytoplasmic signaling complexes. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that there may be underlying spatial and geometric principles that guide proper assembly of an activation complex within the NK cell immune synapse. Further, synergy of antibody phenotypic properties as well as allosteric changes upon antigen binding may also play an as-of-yet unknown role in ADCC. Understanding these facets, however, remains hampered by difficulties associated with studying immune synapse dynamics using classical approaches. In this review, I will discuss relevant NK cell biology related to ADCC, including the structural biology of Fc gamma receptors, and how the dynamics of the NK cell immune synapse are being studied using innovative microscopy techniques. I will provide examples from the literature demonstrating the effects of spatial and geometric constraints on the T cell receptor complex and how this relates to intracellular signaling and the molecular nature of lymphocyte activation complexes, including those of NK cells. Finally, I will examine how the integration of high-throughput and "omics" technologies will influence basic NK cell biology research moving forward. Overall, the goal of this review is to lay a basis for understanding the development of drugs and therapeutic antibodies aimed at augmenting appropriate NK cell ADCC activity in patients being treated for a wide range of illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
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26
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Fischinger S, Shin S, Boudreau CM, Ackerman M, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kim JH, Robb ML, Michael NL, O’Connell RJ, Vasan S, Streeck H, Alter G. Protein-based, but not viral vector alone, HIV vaccine boosting drives an IgG1-biased polyfunctional humoral immune response. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135057. [PMID: 32554928 PMCID: PMC7406243 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial results showed moderate reduction in viral infections among vaccinees as well as induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and vaccine-specific IgG and IgG3 responses directed at variable loop regions 1 and 2 of the HIV envelope protein. However, with the recent failure of the HVTN 702 clinical trial, comprehensive profiling of humoral immune responses may provide insight for these disappointing results. One of the changes included in the HVTN 702 study was the addition of a late boost, aimed at augmenting peak immunity and durability. The companion vaccine trial RV305 was designed to permit the evaluation of the immunologic impact of late boosting with either the boosting protein antigen alone, the canarypox viral vector ALVAC alone, or a combination of both. Although previous data showed elevated levels of IgG antibodies in both boosting arms, regardless of ALVAC-HIV vector incorporation, the effect on shaping antibody effector function remains unclear. Thus, here we analyzed the antibody and functional profile induced by RV305 boosting regimens and found that although IgG1 levels increased in both arms that included protein boosting, IgG3 levels were reduced compared with the original RV144 vaccine strategy. Most functional responses increased upon protein boosting, regardless of the viral vector-priming agent incorporation. These data suggest that the addition of a late protein boost alone is sufficient to increase functionally potent vaccine-specific antibodies previously associated with reduced risk of infection with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Merlin L. Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J. O’Connell
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Naiman NE, Slyker J, Richardson BA, John-Stewart G, Nduati R, Overbaugh JM. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity targeting CD4-inducible epitopes predicts mortality in HIV-infected infants. EBioMedicine 2020; 47:257-268. [PMID: 31501077 PMCID: PMC6796543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been associated with improved infant outcome in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. Epitopes of these ADCC-mediating antibodies remain unidentified. CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitopes on gp120 are common ADCC targets in natural infection and vaccination. We tested whether CD4i epitope-specific ADCC mediated by maternal antibodies or passively-acquired antibodies in infants is associated with reduced MTCT and improved infant survival. METHODS We used variants of CD4i cluster A-specific antibodies, A32 and C11, and a cluster C-specific antibody, 17b, with mutations abolishing Fc-Fc receptor interactions as inhibitors in a competition rapid and fluorometric ADCC assay using gp120-coated CEM-nkr target cells with plasma from 51 non-transmitting and 21 transmitting breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. FINDINGS Cluster A-specific ADCC was common. Individually, neither A32-like nor C11-like ADCC was statistically significantly associated with risk of MTCT or infected infant survival. In combination, total maternal cluster A-specific ADCC was statistically significantly associated with decreased infected infant survival in a log-rank test (p = 0·017). There was a non-significant association for infant passively-acquired total cluster A-specific ADCC and decreased infected infant survival (p = 0·14). Surprisingly, plasma ADCC was enhanced in the presence of the defective Fc 17b competitor. Defective Fc 17b competitor-mediated maternal ADCC enhancement was statistically significantly associated with reduced infected infant survival (p = 0·011). A non-significant association was observed for passively-acquired infant ADCC enhancement and decreased survival (p = 0·19). INTERPRETATIONS These data suggest that ADCC targeting CD4i epitopes is not associated with protection against breast milk HIV transmission but is associated with decreased survival of infected infants. FUND: This study was funded by NIH grant R01AI076105 and NIH fellowship F30AI136636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Naiman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9(th) Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julie M Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States of America.
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28
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Easterhoff D, Pollara J, Luo K, Tolbert WD, Young B, Mielke D, Jha S, O'Connell RJ, Vasan S, Kim J, Michael NL, Excler JL, Robb ML, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kaewkungwal J, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Sinangil F, Tartaglia J, Phogat S, Kepler TB, Alam SM, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Pazgier M, Haynes BF, Ferrari G. Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency. J Virol 2020; 94:e01120-19. [PMID: 31776278 PMCID: PMC6997759 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01120-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of protective antibodies is a critical goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. One strategy is to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) that kill virus-infected cells, as these antibody specificities have been implicated in slowing HIV-1 disease progression and in protection. HIV-1 Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) frequently mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), making them an important vaccine target. Here, we explore the effect of delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine recipients with AIDSVAX B/E on the C1C2-specific MAb repertoire. It was found that boosting increased clonal lineage-specific ADCC breadth and potency. A ligand crystal structure of a vaccine-induced broad and potent ADCC-mediating C1C2-specific MAb showed that it bound a highly conserved Env gp120 epitope. Thus, boosting to affinity mature these types of IgG C1C2-specific antibody responses may be one method by which to make an improved HIV vaccine with higher efficacy than that seen in the RV144 trial.IMPORTANCE Over one million people become infected with HIV-1 each year, making the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine an important unmet medical need. The RV144 human HIV-1 vaccine regimen is the only HIV-1 clinical trial to date to demonstrate vaccine efficacy. An area of focus has been on identifying ways by which to improve upon RV144 vaccine efficacy. The RV305 HIV-1 vaccine regimen was a follow-up boost of RV144 vaccine recipients that occurred 6 to 8 years after the conclusion of RV144. Our study focused on the effect of delayed boosting in humans on the vaccine-induced Env constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2)-specific antibody repertoire. It was found that boosting with an HIV-1 Env vaccine increased C1C2-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potency and breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kan Luo
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brianna Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shalini Jha
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Army Medical Directorate, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions of Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Irure-Ventura J, San Segundo D, Rodrigo E, Merino D, Belmar-Vega L, Ruiz San Millán JC, Valero R, Benito A, López-Hoyos M. High Pretransplant BAFF Levels and B-cell Subset Polarized towards a Memory Phenotype as Predictive Biomarkers for Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030779. [PMID: 31991734 PMCID: PMC7037386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) is one of the leading causes of graft loss in kidney transplantation and B cells play an important role in the development of it. A B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine involved in B cell ontogeny. Here, we analyzed whether B cell maturation and the effect of B cell soluble factors, such as BAFF could be involved in AbMR. Serum BAFF levels and B and T cell subpopulations were analyzed 109 kidney transplant patients before transplantation and at 6 and 12 months after kidney transplantation. Pretransplant serum BAFF levels as well as memory B cell subpopulations were significantly higher in those patients who suffered clinical AbMR during the first 12 months after kidney transplantation. Similar results were observed in the prospective analysis of patients with subclinical antibody-mediated rejection detected in the surveillance biopsy performed at 12 months after kidney transplantation. A multivariate analysis confirmed the independent role of BAFF in the development of AbMR, irrespective of other classical variables. Pretransplant serum BAFF levels could be an important non-invasive biomarker for the prediction of the development of AbMR and posttransplant increased serum BAFF levels contribute to AbMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Irure-Ventura
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
| | - David San Segundo
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Emilio Rodrigo
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - David Merino
- Health Research Institute-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Lara Belmar-Vega
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz San Millán
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Rosalía Valero
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Adalberto Benito
- Health Research Institute-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.-H.); Tel.: +34-942-202520 (ext. 73225)
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30
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Ding S, Grenier MC, Tolbert WD, Vézina D, Sherburn R, Richard J, Prévost J, Chapleau JP, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Abrams C, Sodroski J, Pazgier M, Smith AB, Finzi A. A New Family of Small-Molecule CD4-Mimetic Compounds Contacts Highly Conserved Aspartic Acid 368 of HIV-1 gp120 and Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. J Virol 2019; 93:e01325-19. [PMID: 31554684 PMCID: PMC6880173 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01325-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates virus entry into cells. The "closed" conformation of Env is resistant to nonneutralizing antibodies (nnAbs). These antibodies mostly recognize occluded epitopes that can be exposed upon binding of CD4 or small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc). Here, we describe a new family of small molecules that expose Env to nnAbs and sensitize infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These compounds have a limited capacity to inhibit virus infection directly but are able to sensitize viral particles to neutralization by otherwise nonneutralizing antibodies. Structural analysis shows that some analogs of this family of CD4mc engage the gp120 Phe43 cavity by contacting the highly conserved D368 residue, making them attractive scaffolds for drug development.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has evolved multiple strategies to avoid humoral responses. One efficient mechanism is to keep its envelope glycoprotein (Env) in its "closed" conformation. Here, we report on a new family of small molecules that are able to "open up" Env, thus exposing vulnerable epitopes. This new family of molecules binds in the Phe43 cavity and contacts the highly conserved D368 residue. The structural and biological attributes of molecules of this family make them good candidates for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa C Grenier
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chapleau
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Cameron Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Abstract
Introduction: ADCC by natural killer (NK) cells is a key mechanism for several clinically successful tumor-targeting therapeutic antibodies. Most patients, however, have limited responses to this therapy and/or develop resistance. NK cells exclusively recognize IgG by their low-affinity FcγR CD16A.Areas covered: We describe in this editorial a novel recombinant FcγR that consists of CD64, the only high affinity IgG receptor, and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of CD16A, a potent activating receptor. CD64/16A was expressed in engineered iPSCs that were differentiated into NK cells (referred to as iNK cells).Expert opinion: iNK-CD64/16A cells in combination with therapeutic antibodies provide a universal tumor antigen targeting approach and potential off-the-shelf cell therapy to treat various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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32
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Ding S, Gasser R, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Tolbert WD, Sodroski J, Pazgier M, Finzi A. CD4 Incorporation into HIV-1 Viral Particles Exposes Envelope Epitopes Recognized by CD4-Induced Antibodies. J Virol 2019; 93:e01403-19. [PMID: 31484748 PMCID: PMC6819941 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01403-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 downregulation on infected cells is a highly conserved function of primate lentiviruses. It has been shown to positively impact viral replication by a variety of mechanisms, including enhanced viral release and infectivity, decrease of cell reinfection, and protection from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is often mediated by antibodies that require CD4 to change envelope (Env) conformation. Here, we report that incorporation of CD4 into HIV-1 viral particles affects Env conformation resulting in the exposure of occluded epitopes recognized by CD4-induced antibodies. This translates into enhanced neutralization susceptibility by these otherwise nonneutralizing antibodies but is prevented by the HIV-1 Nef accessory protein. Altogether, these findings suggest that another functional consequence of Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation is the protection of viral particles from neutralization by commonly elicited CD4-induced antibodies.IMPORTANCE It has been well established that Env-CD4 complexes expose epitopes recognized by commonly elicited CD4-induced antibodies at the surface of HIV-1-infected cells, rendering them vulnerable to ADCC responses. Here, we show that CD4 incorporation has a profound impact on Env conformation at the surface of viral particles. Incorporated CD4 exposes CD4-induced epitopes on Env, rendering HIV-1 susceptible to neutralization by otherwise nonneutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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He X, Jiang XH, Yie KYX, Chen J, Zhang JB, Yie SM. An autoantibody against a 48-Kd fragment of human DNA-topoiomerase I in breast cancer: Implication for diagnosis and prognosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104007. [PMID: 31732123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) derived from human DNA-topoiomerase I (TOP 1). In the present study, we demonstrated that the autoantibody against the TAA could be a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC). To understand the survival benefits in BC patients, we investigated whether the autoantibody could induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities (ADCC) against breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that the autoantibody exhibited significant ADCC activities that destroyed breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The ADCC activities of the autoantibody were significantly correlated with the number of natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, our findings showed that the autoantibody not only represented an early index of immune response to the TAA, but also was involved in host immune defense mechanisms that initiated the destruction of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases for Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kevin Yi-Xiao Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shang-Mian Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Gray GE, Huang Y, Grunenberg N, Laher F, Roux S, Andersen-Nissen E, De Rosa SC, Flach B, Randhawa AK, Jensen R, Swann EM, Bekker LG, Innes C, Lazarus E, Morris L, Mkhize NN, Ferrari G, Montefiori DC, Shen X, Sawant S, Yates N, Hural J, Isaacs A, Phogat S, DiazGranados CA, Lee C, Sinangil F, Michael NL, Robb ML, Kublin JG, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Corey L. Immune correlates of the Thai RV144 HIV vaccine regimen in South Africa. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaax1880. [PMID: 31534016 PMCID: PMC7199879 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the most successful HIV vaccines to date, the RV144 vaccine tested in Thailand, demonstrated correlates of protection including cross-clade V1V2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) breadth, Env-specific CD4+ T cell polyfunctionality, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vaccinees with low IgA binding. The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 097 trial evaluated this vaccine regimen in South Africa, where clade C HIV-1 predominates. We compared cellular and humoral responses at peak and durability immunogenicity time points in HVTN 097 and RV144 vaccinee samples, and evaluated vaccine-matched and cross-clade immune responses. At peak immunogenicity, HVTN 097 vaccinees exhibited significantly higher cellular and humoral immune responses than RV144 vaccinees. CD4+ T cell responses were more frequent in HVTN 097 irrespective of age and sex, and CD4+ T cell Env-specific functionality scores were higher in HVTN 097. Env-specific CD40L+ CD4+ T cells were more common in HVTN 097, with individuals having this pattern of expression demonstrating higher median antibody responses to HIV-1 Env. IgG and IgG3 binding antibody rates and response magnitude to gp120 vaccine- and V1V2 vaccine-matched antigens were higher or comparable in HVTN 097 than in RV144 ADCC, and ADCP functional antibody responses were elicited in HVTN 097. Env-specific IgG and CD4+ Env responses declined significantly over time in both trials. Overall, cross-clade immune responses associated with protection were better than expected in South Africa, suggesting wider applicability of this regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa
| | - Surita Roux
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Britta Flach
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - April K Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Jensen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Edith M Swann
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Craig Innes
- The Aurum Institute, Klerksdorp 2570, South Africa
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla N Mkhize
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicole Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Abby Isaacs
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Carter Lee
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Mastrangeli R, Palinsky W, Bierau H. Glycoengineered antibodies: towards the next-generation of immunotherapeutics. Glycobiology 2019; 29:199-210. [PMID: 30289453 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently the largest and fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals, and they address unmet medical needs, e.g., in oncology and in auto-immune diseases. Their clinical efficacy and safety is significantly affected by the structure and composition of their glycosylation profile which is commonly heterogeneous, heavily dependent on the manufacturing process, and thus susceptible to variations in the cell culture conditions. Glycosylation is therefore considered a critical quality attribute for mAbs. Commonly, in currently marketed therapeutic mAbs, the glycosylation profile is suboptimal in terms of biological properties such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or may give rise to safety concerns due to the presence of non-human glycans. This article will review recent innovative developments in chemo-enzymatic glycoengineering, which allow generating mAbs carrying single, well-defined, uniform Fc glycoforms, which confers the desired biological properties for the target application. This approach offers significant benefits such as enhanced Fc effector functions, improved safety profiles, higher batch-to-batch consistency, decreased risks related to immunogenicity and manufacturing process changes, and the possibility to manufacture mAbs, in an economical manner, in non-mammalian expression systems. Overall, this approach could facilitate and reduce mAb manufacturing costs which in turn would translate into tangible benefits for both patients and manufacturers. The first glycoengineered mAbs are about to enter clinical trials and it is expected that, once glycoengineering reagents are available at affordable costs, and in-line with regulatory requirements, that targeted remodeling of antibody Fc glycosylation will become an integral part in manufacturing the next-generation of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Via Luigi Einaudi, 11. Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Programme, Merck Biopharma, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Zone Industrielle de l'Ouriettaz, Aubonne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Via Luigi Einaudi, 11. Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
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36
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Anand SP, Grover JR, Tolbert WD, Prévost J, Richard J, Ding S, Baril S, Medjahed H, Evans DT, Pazgier M, Mothes W, Finzi A. Antibody-Induced Internalization of HIV-1 Env Proteins Limits Surface Expression of the Closed Conformation of Env. J Virol 2019; 93:e00293-19. [PMID: 30894474 PMCID: PMC6532100 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00293-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To minimize immune responses against infected cells, HIV-1 limits the surface expression of its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Here, we demonstrate that this mechanism is specific for the Env conformation and affects the efficiency of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we show that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the "closed" conformation of Env induce its internalization from the surface. In contrast, non-neutralizing antibodies (nNAbs) are displayed on the cell surface for prolonged period of times. The bNAb-induced Env internalization can be decreased by blocking dynamin function, which translates into higher susceptibilities of infected cells to ADCC. Our results suggest that antibody-mediated Env internalization is a mechanism used by HIV-1 to evade immune responses against the "closed" conformation of Env expressed on HIV-1-infected cells.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has evolved to acquire several strategies to limit the exposure of its envelope glycoproteins (Env) on the surface of infected cells. In this study, we show that antibody-induced Env internalization is conformation specific and reduces the susceptibility of infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Thus, a better understanding of this mechanism might help develop antibodies with improved capacities to mediate ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Baril
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David T Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Friedman J, Padget M, Lee J, Schlom J, Hodge J, Allen C. Direct and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by high-affinity natural killer cells. Oral Oncol 2019; 90:38-44. [PMID: 30846174 PMCID: PMC6410731 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High affinity natural killer cells (haNKs) are a cell therapy product capable of mediating both direct and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These cells may be particularly useful in tumors that escape T-cell anti-tumor immunity by harboring antigen processing and presentation defects. Here, we demonstrated that haNKs directly kill both HPV-positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Variable tumor cell sensitivity to haNK direct cytotoxicity did not correlated with MHC class I chain-related protein A or B (MICA or MICB) expression. Importantly, haNK killing was significantly enhanced via ADCC mediated by cetuximab or avelumab in cells with higher baseline EGFR or PD-L1 expression, respectively. The ability of IFNγ to induce tumor cell PD-L1 expression correlated with enhanced PD-L1-specific ADCC. IFNγ induced neither tumor cell EGFR expression nor EGFR-specific ADCC. Although a single dose of 8 Gy IR did not appear to directly enhance susceptibility to haNK killing alone, enhanced PD-L1- and EGFR-mediated ADCC after IR correlated with increased PD-L1 and EGFR expression in one of four models. This pre-clinical evidence supports the investigation of haNK cellular therapy in combination with ADCC-mediating mAbs, with or without IR, in the clinical trial setting for patients with advanced HNSCCs. Given the MHC-unrestricted nature of this treatment, it may represent an opportunity to treat patients with non-T-cell inflamed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Friedman
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Padget
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John Lee
- NantKWest, Culver City, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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38
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Aldeghaither DS, Zahavi DJ, Murray JC, Fertig EJ, Graham GT, Zhang YW, O'Connell A, Ma J, Jablonski SA, Weiner LM. A Mechanism of Resistance to Antibody-Targeted Immune Attack. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:230-243. [PMID: 30563830 PMCID: PMC6359950 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) represents a crucial mechanism underlying these approaches. The majority of patients have limited responses to monoclonal antibody therapy due to the development of resistance. Models of ADCC provide a system for uncovering immune-resistance mechanisms. We continuously exposed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) A431 cells to KIR-deficient NK92-CD16V effector cells and the anti-EGFR cetuximab. Persistent ADCC exposure yielded ADCC-resistant cells (ADCCR1) that, compared with control ADCC-sensitive cells (ADCCS1), exhibited reduced EGFR expression, overexpression of histone- and interferon-related genes, and a failure to activate NK cells, without evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These properties gradually reversed following withdrawal of ADCC selection pressure. The development of resistance was associated with lower expression of multiple cell-surface molecules that contribute to cell-cell interactions and immune synapse formation. Classic immune checkpoints did not modulate ADCC in this unique model system of immune resistance. We showed that the induction of ADCC resistance involves genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a general loss of target cell adhesion properties that are required for the establishment of an immune synapse, killer cell activation, and target cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal S Aldeghaither
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David J Zahavi
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joseph C Murray
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Allison O'Connell
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Williams KL, Stumpf M, Naiman NE, Ding S, Garrett M, Gobillot T, Vézina D, Dusenbury K, Ramadoss NS, Basom R, Kim PS, Finzi A, Overbaugh J. Identification of HIV gp41-specific antibodies that mediate killing of infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007572. [PMID: 30779811 PMCID: PMC6396944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that mediate killing of HIV-infected cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) have been implicated in protection from HIV infection and disease progression. Despite these observations, these types of HIV antibodies are understudied compared to neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) obtained from one individual that target the HIV transmembrane protein, gp41, and mediate ADCC activity. These four mAbs arose from independent B cell lineages suggesting that in this individual, multiple B cell responses were induced by the gp41 antigen. Competition and phage peptide display mapping experiments suggested that two of the mAbs target epitopes in the cysteine loop that are highly conserved and a common target of HIV gp41-specific antibodies. The amino acid sequences that bind these mAbs are overlapping but distinct. The two other mAbs were competed by mAbs that target the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) and the fusion peptide proximal region (FPPR) and appear to both target a similar unique conformational epitope. These gp41-specific mAbs mediated killing of infected cells that express high levels of Env due to either pre-treatment with interferon or deletion of vpu to increase levels of BST-2/Tetherin. They also mediate killing of target cells coated with various forms of the gp41 protein, including full-length gp41, gp41 ectodomain or a mimetic of the gp41 stump. Unlike many ADCC mAbs that target HIV gp120, these gp41-mAbs are not dependent on Env structural changes associated with membrane-bound CD4 interaction. Overall, the characterization of these four new mAbs that target gp41 and mediate ADCC provides evidence for diverse gp41 B cell lineages with overlapping but distinct epitopes within an individual. Such antibodies that can target various forms of envelope protein could represent a common response to a relatively conserved HIV epitope for a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Williams
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Megan Stumpf
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Nicole Elise Naiman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Shilei Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meghan Garrett
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Theodore Gobillot
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Dani Vézina
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katharine Dusenbury
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
- Divisions of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nitya S. Ramadoss
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, United States of America
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40
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Fantini M, David JM, Wong HC, Annunziata CM, Arlen PM, Tsang KY. An IL-15 Superagonist, ALT-803, Enhances Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Elicited by the Monoclonal Antibody NEO-201 Against Human Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:147-159. [PMID: 30601063 PMCID: PMC6482908 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major mechanism of action for therapeutic antibodies is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ALT-803 is an interleukin-15 superagonist complex that enhances ADCC against human carcinoma cells in vitro and exerts an antitumor activity in murine, rat, and human carcinomas in vivo. The authors investigated the ability of ALT-803 to modulate ADCC mediated by the humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) NEO-201 against human carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALT-803 modulating activity on ADCC mediated by NEO-201 was evaluated on several NEO-201 ligand-expressing human carcinoma cells. Purified human natural killer (NK) cells from multiple healthy donors were treated with ALT-803 before their use as effectors in ADCC assay. Modulation of NK cell phenotype and cytotoxic function by exposure to ALT-803 was evaluated by flow cytometry and gene expression analysis. RESULTS ALT-803 significantly enhanced ADCC mediated by NEO-201. ALT-803 also upregulated NK activating receptors, antiapoptotic factors, and factors involved in the NK cytotoxicity, as well as downregulated gene expression of NK inhibiting receptors. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ALT-803 can enhance ADCC activity mediated by NEO-201, by modulating NK activation and cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible clinical use of ALT-803 in combination with NEO-201 for the treatment of human carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina M. Annunziata
- Women's Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kwong Y. Tsang
- Precision Biologics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Kwong Y. Tsang; Precision Biologics, Inc.; 9600 Medical Center Drive, Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20850
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41
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Carter MJ, Dahal LN, Cleary KLS, Marshall MJE, French RR, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Immunological Methods to Study Monoclonal Antibody Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1881:173-184. [PMID: 30350206 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8876-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades it has become increasingly apparent that malignant cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, do not exist in isolation. Rather they coalesce with numerous "normal" cells of the body and, in the case of CLL, inhabit key immunological niches within secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), where a plethora of stromal and immune cells mediate their growth and survival. With the advent and approval of targeted immune therapies such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb), which elicit their efficacy by engaging immune-mediated effector mechanisms, it is important to develop accurate methods to measure their activities. Here, we describe a series of reliable assays capable of measuring important antibody-mediated effector functions: antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) that measure these immune activities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/instrumentation
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/methods
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/instrumentation
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Macrophages
- Mice
- Monocytes
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture/instrumentation
- Primary Cell Culture/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - L N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K L S Cleary
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - M J E Marshall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - S A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can mediate antitumor activity by multiple mechanisms. They can bind directly to tumor receptors resulting in tumor cell death, or can bind to soluble growth factors, angiogenic factors, or their cognate receptors blocking signals required for tumor cell growth or survival. Monoclonal antibodies, upon binding to tumor cell, can also engage the host's immune system to mediate immune-mediated destruction of the tumor. The Fc portion of the antibody is essential in engaging the host immune system by fixing complement resulting in complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) of the tumor, or by engaging Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) expressed by leukocytes leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of tumor cells. Antibodies whose Fc portion preferentially engage activating FcγRs have shown greater inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Monoclonal antibodies can also stimulate the immune system by binding to targets expressed on immune cells. These antibodies may stimulate antitumor immunity by antagonizing a negative regulatory signal, agonizing a costimulatory signal, or depleting immune cells that are inhibitory. The importance of Fc:FcγR interactions in antitumor therapy for each of these mechanisms have been demonstrated in both mouse models and clinical trials and will be the focus of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Graziano
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - John J Engelhardt
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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43
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Tomalka AG, Resto-Garay I, Campbell KS, Popkin DL. In vitro Evidence That Combination Therapy With CD16-Bearing NK-92 Cells and FDA-Approved Alefacept Can Selectively Target the Latent HIV Reservoir in CD4+ CD2hi Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2552. [PMID: 30455699 PMCID: PMC6230627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of the latent HIV reservoir remains the biggest hurdle to achieve HIV cure. In order to specifically eliminate HIV infected cells they must be distinguishable from uninfected cells. CD2 was recently identified as a potential marker enriched in the HIV-1 reservoir on CD4+ T cells, the largest, longest-lived and best-characterized constituent of the HIV reservoir. We previously proposed to repurpose FDA-approved alefacept, a humanized α-CD2 fusion protein, to reduce the HIV reservoir in CD2hi CD4+ memory T cells. Here, we show the first evidence that alefacept can specifically target and reduce CD2hi HIV infected cells in vitro. We explore a variety of natural killer (NK) cells as mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) including primary NK cells, expanded NK cells as well as the CD16 transduced NK-92 cell line which is currently under study in clinical trials as a treatment for cancer. We demonstrate that CD16.NK-92 has a natural preference to kill CD2hi CD45RA- memory T cells, specifically CD45RA- CD27+ central memory/transitional memory (TCM/TM) subset in both healthy and HIV+ patient samples as well as to reduce HIV DNA from HIV+ samples from donors well controlled on antiretroviral therapy. Lastly, alefacept can combine with CD16.NK-92 to decrease HIV DNA in some patient samples and thus may yield value as part of a strategy toward sustained HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G. Tomalka
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ivelisse Resto-Garay
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel L. Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Neumann F, Acker F, Schormann C, Pfreundschuh M, Bittenbring JT. Determination of optimum vitamin D3 levels for NK cell-mediated rituximab- and obinutuzumab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1709-1718. [PMID: 30132083 PMCID: PMC11028244 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) deficiency impairs rituximab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas (DLBCL). Since the optimum 25-OH-D3 serum levels for NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are unknown, we determined the 25-OH-D3 serum levels associated with maximum NK cell-mediated ADCC. CD20 antibody-loaded CD20+ B-cell lymphoma cell lines were cultured with NK cells and ADCC activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Using a newly developed formula, pre-defined 25-OH-D3 serum levels were achieved with high individual precision over a wide range. NK cells from 20 healthy individuals killed antibody-treated CD20+ lymphoma cells in a concentration- and E:T ratio-dependent manner with obinutuzumab displaying a stronger ADCC activity than rituximab. Maximum NK-cell activity and ADCC were observed at 65 ng/ml 25-OH-D3, the middle of the normal range (30-100 ng/ml). 25-OH-D3 serum levels around this range should be the target in interventional trials aiming at improving NK cell-mediated ADCC by 25-OH-D3 substitution. Lower levels do not provide significant ADCC improvements in individuals with 25-OH-D3 deficiency or insufficiency and might result in the failure of interventions with 25-OH-D3.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cholecalciferol/blood
- Cholecalciferol/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rituximab/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neumann
- José Carreras Center for Immuno and Gene Therapy, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Fabian Acker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Claudia Schormann
- José Carreras Center for Immuno and Gene Therapy, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Joerg Thomas Bittenbring
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
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Abstract
MM cells express high levels of CD38, while CD38 is expressed at relatively low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells, and in some non-hematopoietic tissues. This expression profile, together with the role of CD38 in adhesion and as ectoenzyme, resulted in the development of CD38 antibodies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). At this moment several CD38 antibodies are at different phases of clinical testing, with daratumumab already approved for various indications both as monotherapy and in combination with standards of care in MM. CD38 antibodies have Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Inhibition of ectoenzymatic function and direct apoptosis induction may also contribute to the efficacy of the antibodies to kill MM cells. The CD38 antibodies also improve host-anti-tumor immunity by the elimination of regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mechanisms of primary and/or acquired resistance include tumor-related factors, such as reduced cell surface expression levels of the target antigen and high levels of complement inhibitors (CD55 and CD59). Differences in frequency or activity of effector cells may also contribute to differences in outcome. Furthermore, the microenvironment protects MM cells to CD38 antibody-induced ADCC by upregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules, such as survivin. Improved understanding of modes of action and mechanisms of resistance has resulted in rationally designed CD38-based combination therapies, which will contribute to further improvement in outcome of MM patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Z. Usmani
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
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46
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Juliá EP, Amante A, Pampena MB, Mordoh J, Levy EM. Avelumab, an IgG1 anti-PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Triggers NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2140. [PMID: 30294328 PMCID: PMC6159755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients is cytotoxic chemotherapy, but it is restricted since the duration of response is usually short. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway through monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients. Avelumab is a human IgG1 anti-PD-L1 mAb being tested in clinical trials that may also trigger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against cancer cells as an additional antitumor activity. In the present work, we studied in vitro Avelumab-mediated ADCC against a panel of TNBC cells with different PD-L1 expression using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or purified NK cells from healthy donors. We determined that Avelumab significantly enhanced NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against TNBC cells and that tumor cells expressing higher levels of PD-L1 were more sensitive to Avelumab-mediated ADCC. IFN-γ treatment upregulated PD-L1 expression in tumor cells but had a variable impact on Avelumab-mediated ADCC, which could be related to the simultaneous effect of IFN-γ on the expression of NK cell ligands. Moreover, IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation of NK cells enhanced Avelumab-triggered cytokine production and degranulation along with increased lytic activity against tumor cells. Improving the treatment of TNBC remains still a considerable challenge. This in vitro study suggests that Avelumab-mediated ADCC, independently of the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, could be a valuable mechanism for tumor cell elimination in TNBC. Avelumab combination with immunomodulators such as IL-15 or IL-2 could be taken into consideration to increase the therapeutic efficacy of Avelumab in TNBC.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Analía Amante
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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47
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Jiang X, Chen X, Carpenter TJ, Wang J, Zhou R, Davis HM, Heald DL, Wang W. Development of a Target cell-Biologics-Effector cell (TBE) complex-based cell killing model to characterize target cell depletion by T cell redirecting bispecific agents. MAbs 2018; 10:876-889. [PMID: 29985776 PMCID: PMC6152432 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1480299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) or antibody-derived agents that combine tumor antigen recognition with CD3-mediated T cell recruitment are highly potent tumor-killing molecules. Despite the tremendous progress achieved in the last decade, development of such bsAbs still faces many challenges. This work aimed to develop a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling framework that can be used to assist the development of T-cell redirecting bsAbs. A Target cell-Biologics-Effector cell (TBE) complex-based cell killing model was developed using in vitro and in vivo data, which incorporates information on binding affinities of bsAbs to CD3 and target receptors, expression levels of CD3 and target receptors, concentrations of effector and target cells, as well as respective physiological parameters. This TBE model can simultaneously evaluate the effect of multiple system-specific and drug-specific factors on the T-cell redirecting bsAb exposure-response relationship on a physiological basis; it reasonably captured multiple reported in vitro cytotoxicity data, and successfully predicted the effect of some key factors on in vitro cytotoxicity assays and the efficacious dose of blinatumomab in humans. The mechanistic nature of this model uniquely positions it as a knowledge-based platform that can be readily expanded to guide target selection, drug design, candidate selection and clinical dosing regimen projection, and thus support the overall discovery and development of T-cell redirecting bsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Jiang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Carpenter
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Zhou
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Hugh M. Davis
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Donald L. Heald
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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48
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Ollier J, Kervarrec T, Samimi M, Benlalam H, Aumont P, Vivien R, Touzé A, Labarrière N, Vié H, Clémenceau B. Merkel cell carcinoma and cellular cytotoxicity: sensitivity to cellular lysis and screening for potential target antigens suitable for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1209-1219. [PMID: 29808366 PMCID: PMC11028380 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent success of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) confirms that MCC tumors can be immunogenic. However, no treatment directly targeting the tumor is available for use in combination with these checkpoint inhibitors to enhance their efficacity. This study was carried out to characterize MCC line sensitivity to cellular lysis and to identify cell surface antigens that could be used for direct targeting of this tumor. For five representative MCC lines, the absence or low expression of MICA, MICB, HLA-I, and ICAM-1 was associated with low level of recognition by NK cells and T lymphocytes. However, expression of HLA-I and ICAM-1 and sensitivity to cellular lysis could be restored or increased after exposure to INFγ. We tested 41 antibodies specific for 41 different antigens using a novel antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) screening system for target antigens. Anti-CD326 (EpCAM) was the only antibody capable of inducing ADCC on the five MCC lines tested. Because MCC tumors are often directly accessible, local pharmacologic manipulation to restore HLA class-I and ICAM-1 cell surface expression (and thus sensitivity to cell lysis) can potentially benefit immune therapeutic intervention. In line with this, our observation that ADCC against EpCAM can induce lysis of MCC lines and suggests that therapeutic targeting of this antigen deserves to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Ollier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (LabEx IGO), 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Thibault Kervarrec
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Tours, Université Francois Rabelais, avenue de la République, 37170, Chambray-les-tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Infectiologie Santé Publique (UMR INRA ISP) 1282, 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Tours, Université François Rabelais, avenue de la République, 37170, Chambray-les-tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Infectiologie Santé Publique (UMR INRA ISP) 1282, 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Houssem Benlalam
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Aumont
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Régine Vivien
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (LabEx IGO), 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- Université François Rabelais, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Infectiologie Santé Publique (UMR INRA ISP) 1282, 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, 44093, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (LabEx IGO), 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Henri Vié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France.
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), Pays de la Loire, site de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (LabEx IGO), 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1232), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 8 Quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, 44093, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (LabEx IGO), 44000, Nantes, France
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49
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Yin J, Albers AJ, Smith TS, Riddell GT, Richards JO. Differential regulation of human monocytes and NK cells by antibody-opsonized tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1239-1250. [PMID: 29855696 PMCID: PMC11028188 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The monocyte network is important for therapeutic efficacy of antibody therapies against cancer. One mechanism which monocytes/macrophages use to kill cancer cells is phagocytosis. Using trastuzumab and human breast cancer cell lines as a model, we used flow cytometry to evaluate the importance of avidity, antigen density, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) expression, and FcγR polymorphisms in human monocyte phagocytosis. By increasing avidity for the tumor through the addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab, there was a two-to-threefold increase in phagocytosis potency against the HCC1419 cell line compared to antibodies alone, while NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) failed to increase tumor cell death. Consistent with increasing the avidity through multiple antibodies, antigen density significantly enhanced phagocytosis with breast cancer cell lines that were HER2 gene-amplified compared to non-amplified tumor cells. Confirmation that high antigen density enhanced phagocytosis was obtained when HER2 was overexpressed in HER2 non-amplified cell lines. In contrast, NK cell ADCC failed to distinguish differences in tumor cell death when comparing gene-amplified and non-amplified breast cancer cell lines. The level of phagocytosis was influenced by FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa expression. Most monocytes are FcγRIIIa-, and the induction of the receptor significantly enhances antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Although both receptors are involved, when blocked FcγRIIIa had a greater influence on phagocytosis. Furthermore, the polymorphism FcγRIIIa 158V significantly enhanced phagocytosis; whereas FcγRIIa 131H polymorphism appeared to improve phagocytosis but was not statistically significant. Targeting of monocytes for enhanced phagocytosis may improve the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies to improve clinical outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Alex J Albers
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Thomas S Smith
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
- Computer Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Riddell
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - John O Richards
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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50
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Spirig R, Campbell IK, Koernig S, Chen CG, Lewis BJB, Butcher R, Muir I, Taylor S, Chia J, Leong D, Simmonds J, Scotney P, Schmidt P, Fabri L, Hofmann A, Jordi M, Spycher MO, Cattepoel S, Brasseit J, Panousis C, Rowe T, Branch DR, Baz Morelli A, Käsermann F, Zuercher AW. rIgG1 Fc Hexamer Inhibits Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Disease via Effects on Complement and FcγRs. J Immunol 2018; 200:2542-2553. [PMID: 29531170 PMCID: PMC5890536 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Fc receptors and complement by immune complexes is a common important pathogenic trigger in many autoimmune diseases and so blockade of these innate immune pathways may be an attractive target for treatment of immune complex-mediated pathomechanisms. High-dose IVIG is used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and several studies demonstrate that the therapeutic effects of IVIG can be recapitulated with the Fc portion. Further, recent data indicate that recombinant multimerized Fc molecules exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the biochemical and biological properties of an rFc hexamer (termed Fc-μTP-L309C) generated by fusion of the IgM μ-tailpiece to the C terminus of human IgG1 Fc. Fc-μTP-L309C bound FcγRs with high avidity and inhibited FcγR-mediated effector functions (Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, respiratory burst) in vitro. In addition, Fc-μTP-L309C prevented full activation of the classical complement pathway by blocking C2 cleavage, avoiding generation of inflammatory downstream products (C5a or sC5b-9). In vivo, Fc-μTP-L309C suppressed inflammatory arthritis in mice when given therapeutically at approximately a 10-fold lower dose than IVIG, which was associated with reduced inflammatory cytokine production and complement activation. Likewise, administration of Fc-μTP-L309C restored platelet counts in a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia. Our data demonstrate a potent anti-inflammatory effect of Fc-μTP-L309C in vitro and in vivo, likely mediated by blockade of FcγRs and its unique inhibition of complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian K Campbell
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra Koernig
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chao-Guang Chen
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bonnie J B Lewis
- Centre for Innovation Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Butcher
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ineke Muir
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shirley Taylor
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jenny Chia
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Leong
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jason Simmonds
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Pierre Scotney
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Schmidt
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Louis Fabri
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Con Panousis
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tony Rowe
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Donald R Branch
- Centre for Innovation Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada
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