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Bruijn TV, Geraedts A, Vlahu CA, Jaspars L, Elshot YS. IgA pemphigus as an immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated skin manifestation. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 47:41-43. [PMID: 38633887 PMCID: PMC11021218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V.M. Bruijn
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Geraedts
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen A. Vlahu
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lies.H. Jaspars
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yannick S. Elshot
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Muttaleb Asfoor H, Saied Hamied A. Immune response to colonization of Candida albicans in mice treated with Cefoperazone. Cytokine 2024; 179:156611. [PMID: 38640559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Candida species are a normal human flora in humans' digestive and reproductive systems, oral cavity, skin, and mucosal surfaces. This study aimed to detect the immunological role of Candida infection by using some immunological markers. The results of levels in serum showed high concentrations of IgA (56.20 ± 12 pg/ml,29.55 ± 4.5 pg/ml respectively) and IgG (12.05 ± 3.218 pg/ml, 3.836 ± 1.23 pg/ml respectively) in mice infected with C. albicans and mice treated with Cefoperazone and infected with Candida with significant differences (P value < 0.05). The results showed high serum levels of IL-17(191.5 ± 42.81 pg/ml) and TLR2(7.651 ± 1.5 pg/ml) in group mice infected with C. albicans compared with negative control and group mice treated with Cefoperazone. Also, high levels of IL-17 (91.33 ± 4.816 pg/ml) and TLR2 (2.630 ± 0.5 pg/ml) in group mice treated with Cefoperazone and infected with Candida compared with negative control and group mice treated with Cefoperazone (P value < 0.05). The results of antibodies and immunological markers in the intestine showed high levels of IgA and IgG in mice infected with C.albicans (55.7 ± 4.9 pg/ml, 18.19 ± 0.63 pg/ml respectively).Also,IgA and IgG in mice treated with Cefoperazone and infected with Candida were high level (43.04 ± 2.1 pg/ml, 2.927 ± 0.2 pg/ml respectively) in mice infected with C. albicans with significant differences (P value < 0.05). The results levels of IL-17 and TLR2 were increased in mice infected with C. albicans (191.5 ± 42.81 pg/ml, 7.651 ± 1.5 pg/ml respectively) and mice treated with Cefoperazone and infected with Candida (91.33 ± 4.816 pg/ml,2.630 ± 0.5 pg/ml respectively) with significant differences (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cefoperazone treatment and infection by Candida albicans changed the microbiome components in the gut and finally can change host immune responses. It was observed that elevated levels of the antibodies production (IgA and IgG) and immunological markers (IL-17, and TLR2) in serum and the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Muttaleb Asfoor
- Department of Biology, College of Education for pure science Ibn-Al Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Atyaf Saied Hamied
- Department of Biology, College of Education for pure science Ibn-Al Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Wang C, Lu Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Savelkoul HFJ, Jansen CA, Liu G. TLR9 mediates IgA production in the porcine small intestine during PEDV infection. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110096. [PMID: 38636174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
IgA plays a vital role in defending against the infectious pathogens. However, the specific regulatory pathways involved in IgA secretion in the context of PEDV infection have remained elusive. Therefore, in this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IgA secretion in response to infection, with a particular focus on PEDV, a devastating enteric virus affecting global swine production. Our investigation begins by examining changes in IgA concentrations in both serum and small intestinal contents following PEDV infection in 2- and 4-week-old pigs. Remarkably, a significant increase in IgA levels in these older pigs post-infection were observed. To delve deeper into the regulatory mechanisms governing IgA secretion in response to PEDV infection, isolated porcine intestinal B cells were co-cultured with monocytes derived DCs (Mo-DCs) in vitro. In the intestinal DC-B cell co-cultures, IgA secretion was found to increase significantly after PEDV infection, as well as upregulating the expression of AID, GLTα and PSTα reflecting isotype switching to IgA. In addition, the expression of TLR9 was upregulated in these cultures, as determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Moreover, our findings extend to in vivo observations, where we detected higher levels of TLR9 expression in the ileum of pig post PEDV infection. Collectively, our results highlight the ability of PEDV to stimulate the generation of IgA, particularly in elder pigs, and identify TLR9 as a critical mediator of IgA production within the porcine intestinal microenvironment during PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yabin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Zhao T, Chen L, Jiang G, Geng Y, Li W, Yin S, Tong X, Tao Y, Ni J, Lu Q, Ning M, Wu C. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection augments the magnitude and durability of systemic and mucosal immunity in triple-dose CoronaVac recipients. mBio 2024; 15:e0240723. [PMID: 38456703 PMCID: PMC11005357 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02407-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The inactivated whole-virion vaccine, CoronaVac, is one of the most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines worldwide. There is a paucity of data indicating the durability of the immune response and the impact of immune imprinting induced by CoronaVac upon Omicron infection. In this prospective cohort study, 41 recipients of triple-dose CoronaVac and 14 unvaccinated individuals were recruited. We comprehensively profiled adaptive immune parameters in both groups, including spike-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA titers, neutralizing activity, B cells, circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and their memory subpopulations at 12 months after the third booster dose and at 4 and 20 weeks after Omicron BA.5 infection. Twelve months after the third CoronaVac vaccination, spike-specific antibodies and cellular responses were detectable in most vaccinated individuals. BA.5 infection significantly augmented the magnitude, cross-reactivity, and durability of serum neutralization activities, Fc-mediated phagocytosis, nasal spike-specific IgA responses, memory B cells, activated cTfh cells, memory CD4+ T cells, and memory CD8+ T cells for both the ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants, compared to unvaccinated individuals. Notably, the increase in BA.5-specific immunity after breakthrough infection was consistently comparable to or higher than that of the ancestral strain, suggesting no evidence of immune imprinting. Immune landscape analyses showed that vaccinated individuals have better synchronization of multiple immune components than unvaccinated individuals upon heterologous infection. Our data provide detailed insight into the protective role of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in shaping humoral and cellular immunity to Omicron infection. IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of data indicating the durability of the immune response and the impact of immune imprinting induced by CoronaVac upon Omicron breakthrough infection. In this prospective cohort study, the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adaptive responses were analyzed before and after the Omicron BA.5 infection. Our data provide detailed insight into the protective role of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in shaping humoral and cellular immune responses to heterologous Omicron infection. CLINICAL TRIAL This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05680896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuhan Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Dubois C, Ducas É, Laforce-Lavoie A, Robidoux J, Delorme A, Live LS, Brouard D, Masson JF. A portable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the detection of immunoglobulin A in plasma. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 38591151 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A life-threatening anaphylactic shock can occur if a patient with undiagnosed immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (i.e., IgA levels <500 ng/mL) receives IgA-containing blood, hence the need for a rapid, point-of-care (POC) method for IgA deficiency screening. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is routinely used to detect IgA, but this method requires trained specialists and ≥24 h to obtain a result. We developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based protocol to identify IgA-deficient patients or donors within 1 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SPR sensor relies on the detection of IgAs captured by primary antibodies adsorbed on the SPR chip and quantified with secondary antibodies. The sensor was calibrated from 0 to 2000 ng/mL in buffer, IgA-depleted human serum, and plasma samples from IgA-deficient individuals. A critical concentration of 500 ng/mL was set for IgA deficiency. The optimized sensor was then tested on eight plasma samples with known IgA status (determined by ELISA), including five with IgA deficiency and three with normal IgA levels. RESULTS The limit of detection was estimated at 30 ng/mL in buffer and 400 ng/mL in diluted plasma. The results obtained fully agreed with ELISA among the eight plasma samples tested. The protocol distinguished IgA-deficient from normal samples, even for samples with an IgA concentration closer to critical concentration. DISCUSSION In conclusion, we developed a reliable POC assay for the quantification of IgA in plasma. This test may permit POC testing at blood drives and centralized centers to maintain reserves of IgA-deficient blood and in-hospital testing of blood recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dubois
- Département de Chimie, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Institut Courtois, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Éric Ducas
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Robidoux
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Delorme
- Département de Chimie, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Institut Courtois, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Danny Brouard
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Département de Chimie, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Institut Courtois, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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6
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Peraire J, García-Pardo G, Chafino S, Sánchez A, Botero-Gallego M, Olona M, Espineira S, Reverté L, Skouridou V, Peiró ÓM, Gómez-Bertomeu F, Vidal F, O' Sullivan CK, Rull A. Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:223. [PMID: 38581072 PMCID: PMC10998353 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pneumonia causes hyperinflammatory response that culminates in acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) related to increased multiorgan dysfunction and mortality risk. Antiviral-neutralizing immunoglobulins production reflect the host humoral status and illness severity, and thus, immunoglobulin (Ig) circulating levels could be evidence of COVID-19 prognosis. METHODS The relationship among circulating immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) and COVID-19 pneumonia was evaluated using clinical information and blood samples in a COVID-19 cohort composed by 320 individuals recruited during the acute phase and followed up to 4 to 8 weeks (n = 252) from the Spanish first to fourth waves. RESULTS COVID-19 pneumonia development depended on baseline Ig concentrations. Circulating IgA levels together with clinical features at acute phase was highly associated with COVID-19 pneumonia development. IgM was positively correlated with obesity (ρb = 0.156, P = 0.020), dyslipemia (ρb = 0.140, P = 0.029), COPD (ρb = 0.133, P = 0.037), cancer (ρb = 0.173, P = 0.007) and hypertension (ρb = 0.148, P = 0.020). Ig concentrations at recovery phase were related to COVID-19 treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable information on the dynamics of immunoglobulins upon SARS-CoV-2 infection or other similar viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Peraire
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Graciano García-Pardo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Chafino
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maryluz Botero-Gallego
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- INTERFIBIO Consolidated Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Olona
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Espineira
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Reverté
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vasso Skouridou
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- INTERFIBIO Consolidated Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Óscar M Peiró
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fréderic Gómez-Bertomeu
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K O' Sullivan
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain.
- INTERFIBIO Consolidated Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Rull
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain.
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain.
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Lindeman I, Høydahl LS, Christophersen A, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Iversen R. Generation of circulating autoreactive pre-plasma cells fueled by naive B cells in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114045. [PMID: 38578826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are characteristic of celiac disease (CeD), and TG2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells are abundant in gut biopsies of patients. Here, we describe the corresponding population of autoreactive B cells in blood. Circulating TG2-specific IgA cells are present in untreated patients on a gluten-containing diet but not in controls. They are clonally related to TG2-specific small intestinal plasma cells, and they express gut-homing molecules, indicating that they are plasma cell precursors. Unlike other IgA-switched cells, the TG2-specific cells are negative for CD27, placing them in the double-negative (IgD-CD27-) category. They have a plasmablast or activated memory B cell phenotype, and they harbor fewer variable region mutations than other IgA cells. Based on their similarity to naive B cells, we propose that autoreactive IgA cells in CeD are generated mainly through chronic recruitment of naive B cells via an extrafollicular response involving gluten-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Beyer H, Sommerfeld M, Grandien K, Faust C, Tillmann B, Leuschner WD, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Weil S, Rao E, Langer T. Functional studies with IgM and IgA immunoglobulins: binding to pIgR, FcαμR, FcμR, and CDC activities. APMIS 2024; 132:277-288. [PMID: 38232051 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
IgMs are the first antibodies produced by the immune system upon encounter of a possible pathogen and are one of five antibody subclasses in humans. For IgG, the most intensively studied antibody class, the N-linked glycosylation site located in the Fc-domain is directly involved in high affinity binding to the respective receptors and initiation of corresponding immune response. IgM molecules have five N-glycosylation sites and one N-glycosylation site in the J-chain, which can be incorporated in IgM or IgA molecules. There is only limited knowledge available concerning the function of these N-glycosylations in IgMs. To address this question, we produced IgM molecules lacking a particular N-glycosylation site and tested these variants as well as IgA molecules for binding to the known receptors: the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the dual receptor for IgA and IgM, FcαμR, and the specific receptor for IgM, FcμR. The single glycosylation sites did not show an impact on expression and multimerization, except for variant N402Q, which could not be expressed. In SPR measurements, no major impact on the binding to the receptors by particular glycosylation sites could be detected. In cellular assays, deglycosylated variants showed some alterations in induction of CDC activity. Most strikingly, we observed also binding of IgA to the FcμR in the same affinity range as IgM, suggesting that this might have a physiological role. To further substantiate the binding of IgA to FcμR we used IgA from different origins and were able to confirm binding of IgA preparations to the FcμR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Beyer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Sommerfeld
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kaj Grandien
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Faust
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wulf Dirk Leuschner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Weil
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tsuge S, Mizushima I, Horita M, Kawahara H, Sanada H, Yoshida M, Takahashi Y, Zoshima T, Nishioka R, Hara S, Suzuki Y, Ito K, Kawano M. High serum IgA levels in patients with IgG4-related disease are associated with mild inflammation, sufficient disease-specific features, and favourable responses to treatments. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:621-631. [PMID: 37307433 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although elevated serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels are thought to exclude a diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), IgG4-RD has been definitively diagnosed in some patients despite elevated serum IgA levels. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of elevated IgA levels in patients with IgG4-RD and to compare the clinical features of IgG4-RD patients with and without elevated IgA levels. METHODS The clinical features of 169 IgG4-RD patients were retrospectively compared among those with and without elevated serum IgA levels. RESULTS Of the 169 patients with IgG4-RD, 17 (10.1%) had elevated serum IgA levels. Those with elevated serum IgA levels showed higher serum C-reactive protein levels and lower prevalence of relapse than those without. Other clinical features did not differ significantly, including inclusion scores of the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria. Cox regression analysis showed that elevated serum IgA levels were associated with a lower incidence of relapse. Moreover, patients with elevated serum IgA levels showed prompt improvement in response to glucocorticoids in the IgG4-RD responder index. CONCLUSIONS Some patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD have high serum IgA levels. These patients may form a subgroup, characterized by good response to glucocorticoids, less frequent relapse, mildly elevated serum C-reactive protein levels, and possible complications of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makoto Horita
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Sanada
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Misaki Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Zoshima
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishioka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Sarnelli G, Del Re A, Palenca I, Franzin SB, Lu J, Seguella L, Zilli A, Pesce M, Rurgo S, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Esposito G. Intranasal administration of Escherichia coli Nissle expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces long-term immunization and prevents spike protein-mediated lung injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116441. [PMID: 38518597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While current anti-Spike protein (SP) vaccines have been pivotal in managing the pandemic, their limitations in delivery, storage, and the inability to provide mucosal immunization (preventing infections) highlight the ongoing necessity for research and innovation. To tackle these constraints, our research group developed a bacterial-based vaccine using a non-pathogenic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain genetically modified to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on its surface (EcN-pAIDA1-SP). We intranasally delivered the EcN-pAIDA1-SP in two doses and checked specific IgG/IgA production as well as the key immune mediators involved in the process. Moreover, following the initial and booster vaccine doses, we exposed both immunized and non-immunized mice to intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 SP to assess the effectiveness of EcN-pAIDA1-SP in protecting lung tissue from the inflammation damage. We observed detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG in serum samples and IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid two weeks after the initial treatment, with peak concentrations in the respective samples on the 35th day. Moreover, immunoglobulins displayed a progressively enhanced avidity index, suggesting a selective binding to the spike protein. Finally, the pre-immunized group displayed a decrease in proinflammatory markers (TLR4, NLRP3, ILs) following SP challenge, compared to the non-immunized groups, along with better preservation of tissue morphology. Our probiotic-based technology provides an effective immunobiotic tool to protect individuals against disease and control infection spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy; Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Silvia Basili Franzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Jie Lu
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Aurora Zilli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Walter Sanseverino
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), Naples 80100, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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11
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Hu C, Xie X, Zhao D, Liu H, Liu X, Yang T, Sun W. Antibody level comparison after porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccination via different immunization routes. Pol J Vet Sci 2024; 27:143-146. [PMID: 38511679 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a disease extremely harmful to pig health. Intramuscular and Houhai acupoint injections are the main immunization routes to prevent and control PED. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these two routes in pregnant sows based on serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody levels. PED virus (PEDV) immunoprophylaxis with live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines was administered. The vaccinations for the intramuscular injections elevated IgG and neutralizing antibody levels more than Houhai acupoint injections at most timepoints after immunization. However, the anti-PEDV IgA antibodies induced by vaccination with the two immunization routes did not differ significantly. In conclusion, intramuscular injections are better than Houhai acupoint injections for PEDV vaccination of pregnant sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hu
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - X Xie
- Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, Hunan, 413055, China
| | - D Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - H Liu
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - X Liu
- Xiangtan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China
| | - T Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, China
| | - W Sun
- Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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12
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Rui W, Zhong S, Li X, Tang X, Wang L, Yang J. Evaluating the Role of Postbiotics in the Modulation of Human Oral Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10238-y. [PMID: 38502383 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of clinical data to support the effectiveness and safety of postbiotics in the modulation of human oral microbiota and oral health care. Here, volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to two cohorts: a placebo group (n = 15) and a postbiotic group (n = 16). The placebo group used toothpaste that did not contain postbiotics, while the postbiotic group used toothpaste with postbiotics (3 × 1010 CFU inactivated Lactobacillus salivarius LS97, L. paracasei LC86, and L. acidophilus LA85). Saliva samples were collected at different time points and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were determined, while the salivary microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results showed that salivary IgA levels and acetic and propionic acid levels were notably higher in the postbiotic group (P < 0.05), accompanied by an increase in the level of alpha diversity of the salivary microbiota, and these indexes remained high 1 month after discontinuing the use of toothpaste with or without postbiotics. A notable decrease in the relative abundance of the unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia, etc. in the postbiotic group was accompanied by a notable increase in Ruminofilibacter and Lactobacillus. However, both groups did not cause significant changes in the overall structure of the host salivary microbiota. In conclusion, postbiotics dramatically and consistently improved oral immunity levels and SCFA content in the host. In addition, postbiotics were able to increase the level of microbial alpha diversity and down-regulate the abundance of some harmful microbes without significantly altering the structure of the host salivary microbiota. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( www.chictr.org.cn ) under the registration number ChiCTR2300074088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Rui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saiwei Zhong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Endodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Endodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Li L, Liu Z, Shi J, Yang M, Yan Y, Fu Y, Shen Z, Peng G. The CDE region of feline Calicivirus VP1 protein is a potential candidate subunit vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:80. [PMID: 38443948 PMCID: PMC10916247 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection causes severe upper respiratory disease in cats, but there are no effective vaccines available for preventing FCV infection. Subunit vaccines have the advantages of safety, low cost and excellent immunogenicity, but no FCV subunit vaccine is currently available. The CDE protein is the dominant neutralizing epitope region of the main antigenic structural protein of FCV, VP1. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the CDE region as a truncated FCV VP1 protein in preventing FCV infection to provide a strategy for developing potential FCV subunit vaccines. RESULTS Through the prediction of FCV VP1 epitopes, we found that the E region is the dominant neutralizing epitope region. By analysing the spatial structure of VP1 protein, 13 amino acid sites in the CD and E regions were found to form hydrogen bonding interactions. The results show the presence of these interaction forces supports the E region, helping improve the stability and expression level of the soluble E protein. Therefore, we selected the CDE protein as the immunogen for the immunization of felines. After immunization with the CDE protein, we found significant stimulation of IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody production in serum and swab samples, and the cytokine TNF-α levels and the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes were increased. Moreover, a viral challenge trial indicated that the protection generated by the CDE subunit vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of disease in animals. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we studied the efficacy of the CDE protein, which is the dominant neutralizing epitope region of the FCV VP1 protein, in preventing FCV infection. We revealed that the CDE protein can significantly activate humoral, mucosal and cellular immunity, and the resulting protective effect can significantly reduce the incidence of animal disease. The CDE region of the FCV capsid is easy to produce and has high stability and excellent immunogenicity, which makes it a candidate for low-cost vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiale Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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14
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Sinha D, Yaugel-Novoa M, Waeckel L, Paul S, Longet S. Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105823. [PMID: 38331200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity has regained its spotlight amidst the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with numerous studies highlighting the crucial role of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) in protection against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 infections. The observed limitations in the efficacy of currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines in inducing effective mucosal immune responses remind us of the limitations of systemic vaccination in promoting protective mucosal immunity. This resurgence of interest has motivated the development of vaccine platforms capable of enhancing mucosal responses, specifically the SIgA response, and the development of IgA-based therapeutics. Recognizing viral respiratory infections as a global threat, we would like to comprehensively review the existing knowledge on mucosal immunity, with a particular emphasis on SIgA, in the context of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. This review aims to describe the structural and functional specificities of SIgA, along with its nuanced role in combating influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Subsequent sections further elaborate promising vaccine strategies, including mucosal vaccines against Influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses, currently undergoing preclinical and clinical development. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with mucosal vaccine development, concluding with a discussion on IgA-based therapeutics as a promising platform for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes current insights into mucosal immunity but also identifies critical knowledge gaps, strengthening the way for further advancements in our current understanding and approaches to combat respiratory viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sinha
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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15
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Carzaniga T, Casiraghi L, Nava G, Zanchetta G, Inzani T, Chiari M, Bollati V, Epis S, Bandi C, Lai A, Zehender G, Bellini T, Buscaglia M. Serum antibody fingerprinting of SARS-CoV-2 variants in infected and vaccinated subjects by label-free microarray biosensor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1323406. [PMID: 38476234 PMCID: PMC10927789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1323406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Both viral infection and vaccination affect the antibody repertoire of a person. Here, we demonstrate that the analysis of serum antibodies generates information not only on the virus type that caused the infection but also on the specific virus variant. We developed a rapid multiplex assay providing a fingerprint of serum antibodies against five different SARS-CoV-2 variants based on a microarray of virus antigens immobilized on the surface of a label-free reflectometric biosensor. We analyzed serum from the plasma of convalescent subjects and vaccinated volunteers and extracted individual antibody profiles of both total immunoglobulin Ig and IgA fractions. We found that Ig level profiles were strongly correlated with the specific variant of infection or vaccination and that vaccinated subjects displayed a larger quantity of total Ig and a lower fraction of IgA relative to the population of convalescent unvaccinated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Zanchetta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Inzani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and Pediatric Clinical Research Center (CRC) ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and Pediatric Clinical Research Center (CRC) ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianguglielmo Zehender
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Buscaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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González-Pereira P, Trinh R, Vasuthasawat A, Bartsch-Jiménez A, Nuñez-Soto C, Altamirano C. Enhancing Antibody-Specific Productivity: Unraveling the Impact of XBP1s Overexpression and Glutamine Availability in SP2/0 Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:201. [PMID: 38534475 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Augmentation of glycoprotein synthesis requirements induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and triggering unconventional XBP1 splicing. As a result, XBP1s orchestrates the expression of essential genes to reduce stress and restore homeostasis. When this mechanism fails, chronic stress may lead to apoptosis, which is thought to be associated with exceeding a threshold in XBP1s levels. Glycoprotein assembly is also affected by glutamine (Gln) availability, limiting nucleotide sugars (NS), and preventing compliance with the increased demands. In contrast, increased Gln intake synthesizes ammonia as a by-product, potentially reaching toxic levels. IgA2m(1)-producer mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) were used as the cellular mammalian model. We explored how IgA2m(1)-specific productivity (qIgA2m(1)) is affected by (i) overexpression of human XBP1s (h-XBP1s) levels and (ii) Gln availability, evaluating the kinetic behavior in batch cultures. The study revealed a two and a five-fold increase in qIgA2m(1) when lower and higher levels of XBP1s were expressed, respectively. High h-XBP1s overexpression mitigated not only ammonia but also lactate accumulation. Moreover, XBP1s overexpressor showed resilience to hydrodynamic stress in serum-free environments. These findings suggest a potential application of h-XBP1s overexpression as a feasible and cost-effective strategy for bioprocess scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla González-Pereira
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Ryan Trinh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alex Vasuthasawat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angelo Bartsch-Jiménez
- Escuela Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362735, Chile
| | - Constanza Nuñez-Soto
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Av. Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma-Placilla, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
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17
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Xu J, Chen J, Wen F, Liu K, Chen Y. Detection methods and dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies in patients with COVID-19: A review of the early literature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24580. [PMID: 38317938 PMCID: PMC10839880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Early and accurate diagnosis and quarantine remain the most effective mitigation strategy. Although reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, recent studies suggest that nucleic acids were undetectable in a significant number of cases with clinical features of COVID-19.Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a role in diagnosis of COVID-19, in understanding viral epidemiology and screening convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, to better understand the immune response to the virus, and to assess the degree and duration of the response of specific antibodies. In this article, we retrieved PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WEB OF SCI databases for articles and reviews published before December 1, 2022. Using "IgM, IgG,IgA, neutralizing antibody, specific antibody,COVID-19, dynamic characteristics" as keywords, and comprehensively reviewed on their basis.According to the authors' criteria, only articles deemed relevant were included, covering original articles, case series, experimental studies, reviews, and case reports. Articles on performance evaluation, opinion pieces, and technical issues were excluded. From the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, the median time of seroconversion was 11 days for immunoglobulin A (IgA), the median time of peak antibody titer was 23 (16-30 days) for IgA.Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is detected prior to immunoglobulin G (IgG), peaking 2-5 weeks post symptom onset and detectable for a minimum of 8 weeks in the immunocompetent.Neutralizing antibodies were earliest detectable within 6-7 days following disease onset, with levels increasing until days 14-22 before levelling and then decreasing, but titres were lower in clinically mild disease. Different clinical types of patients showed different antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, with severe COVID-19 patients > non-severe COVID-19 patients > asymptomatic infected persons, but no difference in the early stage of the disease. Usually, IgM and IgA antibodies are detectable earlier than IgG antibodies.IgA antibodys plays an important role in local mucosal immunity.Detection of IgM antibodies tends to indicate recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2, whereas the detection of COVID-19 IgG antibodies indicates virus exposure some time ago. The detection of potent neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma is important in the context of development of therapeutics and vaccines.With the emergence of immune escape variants of SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of Specific antibodies is critical to guide vaccine design strategies and antibody-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fazhi Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - KangSheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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18
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Urrete J, Mitra T, Boland BS, Bertrand K, Chambers C, Rivera-Nieves J. Vedolizumab Does Not Affect Antibody Secreting Cell Recruitment to the Lactating Mammary Gland of Mothers With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae023. [PMID: 38334263 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lay Summary
Despite a known role for α4β7 and MAdCAM-1 for the recruitment of antibody secreting cells to the lactating mammary gland, vedolizumab which targets integrin α4β7 did not lower breastmilk IgA in lactating mothers with IBD receiving the drug. It is likely that antibody secreting cells alternatively employ α4β1 to arrest on VCAM-1 also expressed by the lactating mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Urrete
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- GI Section, San Diego VA Medical Center (SDVAMC), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brigid S Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kerri Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Science and Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAñ
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Science and Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAñ
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- GI Section, San Diego VA Medical Center (SDVAMC), San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Wang Y, Xiao J. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of immunoglobulin A. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38329005 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the human immune system, particularly in mucosal immunity. IgA antibodies that target the mucosal surface are made up of two to five IgA monomers linked together by the joining chain, forming polymeric molecules. These IgA polymers are transported across mucosal epithelial cells by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor pIgR, resulting in the formation of secretory IgA (SIgA). This review aims to explore recent advancements in our molecular understanding of IgA, with a specific focus on SIgA, and the interaction between IgA and pathogen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Lim RS, Yeo SC, Barratt J, Rizk DV. An Update on Current Therapeutic Options in IgA Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:947. [PMID: 38398259 PMCID: PMC10889409 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains the leading cause of primary glomerular disease worldwide. Outcomes are poor with high rates of progressive chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, which contributes to global healthcare costs. Although this disease entity has been described, there were no disease-specific treatments until recently, with the current standard of care focusing on optimal supportive measures including lifestyle modifications and optimization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade. However, with significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IgAN in the past decade, and the acceptance of surrogate outcomes for accelerated drug approval, there have been many new investigational agents tested to target this disease. As these agents become available, we envision a multi-pronged treatment strategy that simultaneously targets the consequences of ongoing nephron loss, stopping any glomerular inflammation, inhibiting pro-fibrotic signals in the glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium, and inhibiting the production of pathogenic IgA molecules. This review is an update on a previous review published in 2021, and we aim to summarize the developments and updates in therapeutic strategies in IgAN and highlight the promising discoveries that are likely to add to our armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Shaoying Lim
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore; (R.S.L.); (S.C.Y.)
| | - See Cheng Yeo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore; (R.S.L.); (S.C.Y.)
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 614, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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21
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Winklmeier S, Rübsamen H, Özdemir C, Wratil PR, Lupoli G, Stern M, Schneider C, Eisenhut K, Ho S, Wong HK, Taskin D, Petry M, Weigand M, Eichhorn P, Foesel BU, Mader S, Keppler OT, Kümpfel T, Meinl E. Intramuscular vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 transiently induces neutralizing IgG rather than IgA in the saliva. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330864. [PMID: 38375482 PMCID: PMC10875124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immunity is crucial for restricting SARS-CoV-2 at its entry site. Intramuscularly applied vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 stimulate high levels of neutralizing Abs in serum, but the impact of these intramuscular vaccinations on features of mucosal immunity is less clear. Here, we analyzed kinetic and functional properties of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs in the saliva after vaccination with BNT162b2. We analyzed a total of 24 healthy donors longitudinally for up to 16 months. We found that specific IgG appeared in the saliva after the second vaccination, declined thereafter and reappeared after the third vaccination. Adjusting serum and saliva for the same IgG concentration revealed a strong correlation between the reactivity in these two compartments. Reactivity to VoCs correlated strongly as seen by ELISAs against RBD variants and by live-virus neutralizing assays against replication-competent viruses. For further functional analysis, we purified IgG and IgA from serum and saliva. In vaccinated donors we found neutralizing activity towards authentic virus in the IgG, but not in the IgA fraction of the saliva. In contrast, IgA with neutralizing activity appeared in the saliva only after breakthrough infection. In serum, we found neutralizing activity in both the IgA and IgG fractions. Together, we show that intramuscular mRNA vaccination transiently induces a mucosal immunity that is mediated by IgG and thus differs from the mucosal immunity after infection. Waning of specific mucosal IgG might be linked to susceptibility for breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ceren Özdemir
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul R. Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Celine Schneider
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenhut
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Samantha Ho
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hoi Kiu Wong
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marvin Petry
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Weigand
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel U. Foesel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Mader
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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22
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Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a widely distributed cation channel activated by extracellular ATP (eATP) with exclusive peculiarities with respect to other P2XRs. In recent years, P2X7R has been shown to regulate the adaptive immune response by conditioning T cell signaling and activation as well as polarization, lineage stability, cell death, and function in tissues. Here we revise experimental observations in this field, with a focus on adaptive immunity at mucosal sites, particularly in the gut, where eATP is hypothesized to act in the reciprocal conditioning of the host immune system and commensal microbiota to promote mutualism. The importance of P2X7R activity in the intestine is consistent with the transcriptional upregulation of P2xr7 gene by retinoic acid, a metabolite playing a key role in mucosal immunity. We emphasize the function of the eATP/P2X7R axis in controlling T follicular helper (Tfh) cell in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and, consequently, T-dependent secretory IgA (SIgA), with a focus on high-affinity SIgA-mediated protection from enteropathogens and shaping of a beneficial microbiota for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Marino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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23
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Gao M, Xing X, Hao W, Zhang X, Zhong K, Lu C, Deng X, Yu L. Diverse immune responses in vaccinated individuals with and without symptoms after omicron exposure during the recent outbreak in Guangzhou, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24030. [PMID: 38293451 PMCID: PMC10827461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives During the recent wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in China, most individuals have been vaccinated and exposed to the omicron variant. In the present study, two cohorts were observed in the vaccinated population: vaccinated individuals with symptoms (VIWS) and those without symptoms (VIWOS). Our study aimed to characterize the antibody response in two cohorts: VIWS and VIWOS. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the community. Blood and saliva samples were collected from 124 individuals in the VIWS and VIWOS cohorts. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific antibodies. Results The questionnaire survey revealed that 30.0 % (302/1005) of individuals in the older adult group (≥65 years) experienced no symptoms, whereas the rate of individuals without symptoms in the younger group (<65 years) was 17.8 % (166/932). Nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgM (N-IgM) was detected in the blood samples at a rate of 69.2 % (54/78) in the VIWS cohort. The positivity rate for N-specific IgA (N-IgA) was 93.6 % (73/78). In addition, the positivity rates of spike (S)-specific IgA (S-IgA) and N-IgA detected in saliva samples were 42 % (21/50) and 54 % (27/50), respectively. Both N-IgA positivity and negativity were observed in the VIWOS cohort. The detection rate of N-IgM positivity was 57.1 % (12/21) in the N-IgA-positive group. In addition, 54.3 % (25/46) of the vaccinated individuals without symptoms were IgA-negative. Conclusions Our study indicates that substantial N-specific antibodies were induced during omicron infection and that testing for N-IgA in both blood and saliva may aid in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaomin Xing
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenbiao Hao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xulei Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kexin Zhong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Canhui Lu
- Jiahe Community Health Service Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xilong Deng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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24
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Murphy K, Gromisch M, Srinivasan S, Wang T, Wood L, Proll S, Liu C, Fiedler T, Valint DJ, Fredricks DN, Keller MJ, Herold BC. IgA coating of vaginal bacteria is reduced in the setting of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and preferentially targets BV-associated species. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0037323. [PMID: 38099624 PMCID: PMC10790818 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00373-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) bacterial coating has been described in the gastrointestinal tract and linked to inflammatory bowel disease; however, little is known about Ig coating of vaginal bacteria and whether it plays a role in vaginal health including bacterial vaginosis (BV). We examined Ig coating in 18 women with symptomatic BV followed longitudinally before, 1 week, and 1 month after oral metronidazole treatment. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and/or immunoglobulin G (IgG) coating of vaginal bacteria was assessed by flow cytometry, and Ig coated and uncoated bacteria were sorted and characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Despite higher levels of IgG compared to IgA in cervicovaginal fluid, the predominant Ig coating the bacteria was IgA. The majority of bacteria were uncoated at all visits, but IgA coating significantly increased after treatment for BV. Despite similar amounts of uncoated and IgA coated majority taxa ( >1% total) across all visits, there was preferential IgA coating of minority taxa (0.2%-1% total) associated with BV including Sneathia, several Prevotella species, and others. At the time of BV, we identified a principal component (PC) driven by proinflammatory mediators that correlated positively with an uncoated BV-associated bacterial community and negatively with an IgA coated protective Lactobacillus bacterial community. The preferential coating of BV-associated species, increase in coating following metronidazole treatment, and positive correlation between uncoated BV-associated species and inflammation suggest that coating may represent a host mechanism designed to limit bacterial diversity and reduce inflammatory responses. Elucidating the role of Ig coating in vaginal mucosal immunity may promote new strategies to prevent recurrent BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Gromisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lianna Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sean Proll
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Congzhou Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tina Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D. J. Valint
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marla J. Keller
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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25
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Marcotte H, Cao Y, Zuo F, Simonelli L, Sammartino JC, Pedotti M, Sun R, Cassaniti I, Hagbom M, Piralla A, Yang J, Du L, Percivalle E, Bertoglio F, Schubert M, Abolhassani H, Sherina N, Guerra C, Borte S, Rezaei N, Kumagai-Braesch M, Xue Y, Su C, Yan Q, He P, Grönwall C, Klareskog L, Calzolai L, Cavalli A, Wang Q, Robbiani DF, Hust M, Shi Z, Feng L, Svensson L, Chen L, Bao L, Baldanti F, Xiao J, Qin C, Hammarström L, Yang X, Varani L, Xie XS, Pan-Hammarström Q. Conversion of monoclonal IgG to dimeric and secretory IgA restores neutralizing ability and prevents infection of Omicron lineages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315354120. [PMID: 38194459 PMCID: PMC10801922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315354120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Omicron lineages and descendent subvariants continues to present a severe threat to the effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. We have previously suggested that an insufficient mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) response induced by the mRNA vaccines is associated with a surge in breakthrough infections. Here, we further show that the intramuscular mRNA and/or inactivated vaccines cannot sufficiently boost the mucosal secretory IgA response in uninfected individuals, particularly against the Omicron variant. We thus engineered and characterized recombinant monomeric, dimeric, and secretory IgA1 antibodies derived from four neutralizing IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 01A05, rmAb23, DXP-604, and XG014) targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. Compared to their parental IgG antibodies, dimeric and secretory IgA1 antibodies showed a higher neutralizing activity against different variants of concern (VOCs), in part due to an increased avidity. Importantly, the dimeric or secretory IgA1 form of the DXP-604 antibody significantly outperformed its parental IgG antibody, and neutralized the Omicron lineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 with a 25- to 75-fold increase in potency. In human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice, a single intranasal dose of the dimeric IgA DXP-604 conferred prophylactic and therapeutic protection against Omicron BA.5. Thus, dimeric or secretory IgA delivered by nasal administration may potentially be exploited for the treatment and prevention of Omicron infection, thereby providing an alternative tool for combating immune evasion by the current circulating subvariants and, potentially, future VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Marcotte
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Cao
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing102206, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanglei Zuo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Luca Simonelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Josè Camilla Sammartino
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Mattia Pedotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Marie Hagbom
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Jinxuan Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Likun Du
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig38106, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig38106, Germany
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Natalia Sherina
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Concetta Guerra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Borte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig04129, Germany
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig04129, Germany
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14194, Iran
| | - Makiko Kumagai-Braesch
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm14186, Sweden
| | - Yintong Xue
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm17176, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm17176, Sweden
- Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm17176, Sweden
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra21027, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Davide F. Robbiani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig38106, Germany
| | - Zhengli Shi
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm17177, Sweden
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou510005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, People’s Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Beijing102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia27100, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia27100, Italy
| | - Junyu Xiao
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, People’s Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Beijing102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona6500, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing102206, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
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Yoshimura M, Sakamoto A, Ozuru R, Kurihara Y, Itoh R, Ishii K, Shimizu A, Chou B, Sechi Y, Fujikane A, Nabeshima S, Hiromatsu K. Insufficient anti-spike RBD IgA responses after triple vaccination with intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23595. [PMID: 38187240 PMCID: PMC10770545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine whether the parenterally administered mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can induce sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We examined the longitudinal kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG responses in sera of Japanese healthcare workers (HCWs) after receiving two doses and the third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. During the prospective cohort study, Omicron breakthrough infections occurred in 62 participants among 370 HCWs who had received triple doses of the vaccine. Pre-breakthrough sera of infected HCWs and non-infected HCWs were examined for the levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers. Results The seropositivity of anti-RBD IgA at 1 M after the second vaccine (2D-1M) and after the third dose (3D-1M) was 65.4% and 87.4%, respectively, and wanes quickly. The boosting effect on anti-RBD Ab titers following breakthrough infections was more notable for anti-RBD IgA than for IgG. There were partial cause-relationships between the lower anti-RBD IgA or IgG at pre-breakthrough sera and the breakthrough infection. Conclusions Parenterally administered COVID-19 vaccines do not generate sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses despite strong systemic IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2. These results demonstrate the necessity and importance of reevaluating vaccine design and scheduling to efficiently increase oral or respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Sakamoto
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Ozuru
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryota Itoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bin Chou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sechi
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Aya Fujikane
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Kawamoto S, Hara E. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and cellular senescence: a vicious cycle leading to aging gut. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(23)00254-4. [PMID: 38220548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Two phenomena, the accumulation of senescent cells and changes in the gut microbiota, are thought to contribute to the decline of biological functions and the development of diseases associated with aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena and their effects on aging remains to be clarified. Recently, we have reported that gut bacteria induce cellular senescence in ileal germinal center (GC) B cells, resulting in decreased IgA production and diversity. This, in turn, leads to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Thus, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular senescence via the host immune system may establish a vicious cycle and contribute to the disruption of gut homeostasis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Renson P, Mahé S, Andraud M, Le Dimna M, Paboeuf F, Rose N, Bourry O. Effect of vaccination route (intradermal vs. intramuscular) against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome using a modified live vaccine on systemic and mucosal immune response and virus transmission in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:5. [PMID: 38172908 PMCID: PMC10763156 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease with worldwide distribution and an enormous economic impact. To control PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, modified live vaccines (MLVs) are widely used in the field, mainly administered via an intramuscular (IM) route. Currently, some MLVs are authorized for intradermal (ID) administration, which has many practical and welfare advantages. The objectives of the study were to compare the immune responses (systemic in blood and mucosal in lungs) and vaccine efficacy in preventing challenge strain transmission after IM or needle-free ID immunization of piglets with an MLV against PRRSV-1 (MLV1). METHODS Groups of sixteen 5-week-old specific pathogen-free piglets were vaccinated with Porcilis PRRS® (MSD) either by an IM (V+ IM) or ID route (V+ ID) using an IDAL®3G device or kept unvaccinated (V-). Four weeks after vaccination, in each group, 8 out of the 16 piglets were challenged intranasally with a PRRSV-1 field strain, and one day later, the inoculated pigs were mingled by direct contact with the remaining 8 sentinel noninoculated pigs to evaluate PRRSV transmission. Thus, after the challenge, each group (V+ IM, V+ ID or V-) included 8 inoculated and 8 contact piglets. During the postvaccination and postchallenge phases, PRRSV replication (RT-PCR), PRRSV-specific antibodies (ELISA IgG and IgA, virus neutralization tests) and cell-mediated immunity (ELISPOT Interferon gamma) were monitored in blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). RESULTS Postvaccination, vaccine viremia was lower in V+ ID pigs than in V+ IM pigs, whereas the cell-mediated immune response was detected earlier in the V+ ID group at 2 weeks postvaccination. In the BAL fluid, a very low mucosal immune response (humoral and cellular) was detected. Postchallenge, the vaccine efficacy was similar in inoculated animals with partial control of PRRSV viremia in V+ ID and V+ IM animals. In vaccinated sentinel pigs, vaccination drastically reduced PRRSV transmission with similar estimated transmission rates and latency durations for the V+ IM and V+ ID groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the tested MLV1 induced a faster cell-mediated immune response after ID immunization two weeks after vaccination but was equally efficacious after IM or ID immunization towards a challenge four weeks later. Considering the practical and welfare benefits of ID vaccination, these data further support the use of this route for PRRS MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Renson
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, 22440, France.
| | - Sophie Mahé
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Mireille Le Dimna
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, 22440, France
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Ota K, Sakai H, Sasaki D, Mitsumoto-Kaseida F, Sakamoto K, Kosai K, Hasegawa H, Takazono T, Izumikawa K, Mukae H, Tun MMN, Morita K, Yanagihara K. Rapid increase in salivary IgA and broad recognition of spike protein following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Virus Res 2024; 339:199294. [PMID: 38056502 PMCID: PMC10749273 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a key component of mucosal immunity, which protects the oral cavity from viral infections. However, salivary immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in terms of immunoglobulin dynamics and recognition, have not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, saliva samples were collected from individuals that received SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA against whole spike protein and S1 protein were measured. IgA against whole spike protein increased significantly following vaccination, while IgA against S1 protein did not. Of note, the IgA response was evident two weeks after the first vaccine dose and continued to rise thereafter. On the contrary, IgG antibodies against S1 increased significantly at four weeks after vaccination. These results reveal the dynamics and recognition antigens of immunoglobulins in saliva, indicating the function of IgA in the mucosal immune system. These findings may pave the way for further studies on mucosal immune response induced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hironori Sakai
- CellSpect Co. Ltd., 2-4, Kita Iioka, Morioka, Iwate 020-0857, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Fujiko Mitsumoto-Kaseida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; Dejima Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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30
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Ning K, Shi C, Chi YY, Zhou YF, Zheng W, Duan Y, Tong W, Xie Q, Xiang H. Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128375. [PMID: 38000581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a vegetable that contains a variety of active compounds with nutritional properties and has the potential to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POP) in alleviating UC remain unclear. In this study, we prepared an aqueous extract of purslane and separated a fraction with molecular weight >10 kDa using membrane separation. This fraction was used to isolate POP. The effect of POP on gut microbiota and colon transcriptome in dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC model mice was evaluated. POP treatment reduced inflammation and oxidative stress imbalance in UC mice. In addition, POP improved the intestinal barrier and regulated intestinal homeostasis. Importantly, POP was found to regulate gut microbiota, maintain the levels of retinol and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, promote the proliferation and differentiation of B cells in the colon, and increase the expression of immunoglobulin A. These results provide novel insights into the role of POP in regulating intestinal homeostasis, which should guide further development of POP as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yan-Yu Chi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yameng Duan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, PR China.
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31
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Dickinson A, Joenväärä S, Tohmola T, Renkonen J, Mattila P, Carpén T, Mäkitie A, Silén S. Altered microheterogeneity at several N-glycosylation sites in OPSCC in constant protein expression conditions. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:26-39. [PMID: 38223202 PMCID: PMC10782471 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation responds sensitively to disease states. It is implicated in every hallmark of cancer and has recently started to be considered as a hallmark itself. Changes in N-glycosylation microheterogeneity are more dramatic than those of protein expression due to the non-template nature of protein glycosylation. This enables their potential use in serum-based diagnostics. Here, we perform glycopeptidomics on serum from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), compared to controls and comparing between cancers based on etiology (human papilloma virus- positive or negative). Using MS2, we then targeted glycoforms, significantly different between the groups, to identify their glycopeptide compositions. Simultaneously we investigate the same serum proteins, comparing whether N-glycosylation changes reflect protein-level changes. Significant glycoforms were identified from proteins such as alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1), haptoglobin, and different immunoglobulins. SERPINA1 had glycovariance at 2 N-glycosylation sites, that were up to 35 times more abundant in even early-stage OPSCCs, despite minimal differences between SERPINA1 protein levels between groups. Some identified glycoforms' fold changes (FCs) were in line with serum protein level FCs, others were less abundant in early-stage cancers but with great variance in higher-stage cancers, such as on immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2, despite no change in protein levels. Such findings indicate that glycovariant analysis might be more beneficial than proteomic analysis, which is yet to be fruitful in the search for biomarkers. Highly sensitive glycopeptide changes could potentially be used in the future for cancer screening. Additionally, characterizing the glycopeptide changes in OPSCC is valuable in the search for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dickinson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sakari Joenväärä
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- HUSLABHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tiialotta Tohmola
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- HUSLABHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jutta Renkonen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Petri Mattila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Timo Carpén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Suvi Silén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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32
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Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Interaction of Bacteriophages with the Immune System: Induction of Bacteriophage-Specific Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:183-196. [PMID: 38066370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In all cases when a bacteriophage makes a direct contact with a mammalian organism, it may challenge the mammalian immunological system. Its major consequence is the production of antibodies specific to the bacteriophage, particularly IgM, IgG, and IgA as the typical response. Here we present protocols applicable in studies of the ability of bacteriophage to induce specific antibodies; immunization to whole virions or to isolated phage proteins has been included. The protocols have been divided into three parts: purification, immunization, and detection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gembara
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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33
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Aydin-Ghormoz EA, Perlmutter J, Koizumi N, Ortiz J, Faddoul G. Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with IgA nephropathy based on induction: A UNOS data analysis. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15225. [PMID: 38127110 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IgA nephropathy (IgAN) can cause end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study assesses the impact of induction and maintenance immunosuppression on IgAN recurrence, graft survival, and mortality in living and deceased donor kidney transplants (LDKT and DDKT). METHODS Retrospective analysis of the UNOS database in adults with ESKD secondary to IgAN who received kidney transplants between January 2000 and June 30, 2022. Patients with thymoglobulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, or basiliximab/daclizumab induction with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with or without prednisone maintenance were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors correlated with IgA recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for clinically suspected risk factors. Kaplan Meir Analysis was utilized for overall graft survival. RESULTS Compared to ATG with steroid maintenance, alemtuzumab with steroid increased the odds of IgAN recurrence in DDKTs (OR 1.90, p < .010, 95% CI [1.169-3.101]). Alemtuzumab with and without steroid increased the odds of recurrence by 52% (p = .036) and 56% (p = .005), respectively, in LDKTs. ATG without steroids was associated with less risk of IgAN recurrence (HR .665, p = .044, 95% CI [.447-.989]), graft failure (HR .758, p = .002, 95% CI [.633-.907]), and death (HR .619, p < .001, 95% CI [.490-.783]) in DDKTs. Recurrence was strongly associated with risks of graft failure in DDKTs and LDKTs and death in LDKTs. CONCLUSION In patients with IgAN requiring a kidney transplant, Alemtuzumab induction correlates with increased IgAN recurrence. Relapse significantly affects graft survival and mortality. ATG without steroids is associated with the least graft loss and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naoru Koizumi
- Schar School of Policy & Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Jorge Ortiz
- Department of Surgery, Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Geovani Faddoul
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, New York, USA
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Liu M, Yang Z, Wu Q, Yang Y, Zhao D, Cheng Q, Li Y, Liu G, Zhao C, Pan J, Zhang Y, Deng F, Jin T. IL-4-secreting CD40L + MAIT cells support antibody production in the peripheral blood of Heonch-Schönlein purpura patients. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:35-46. [PMID: 38147125 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we explored the phenotype and function of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with HSP. METHODS Blood samples from HSP patients and HDs were assessed by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the proportion, phenotype, and function of MAIT cells. Th-cytokines in the serum of HSP patients were analyzed by CBA. IgA in cocultured supernatant was detected by CBA to analyze antibody production by B cells. RESULTS The percentage of MAIT cells in HSP patients was significantly reduced compared with that in HDs. Genes related to T cell activation and effector were up-regulated in HSP MAIT cells, indicating a more activated phenotype. In addition, HSP MAIT cells displayed a Th2-like profile with the capacity to produce more IL-4 and IL-5, and IL-4 was correlated with IgA levels in the serum of HSP patients. Furthermore, CD40L was up-regulated in HSP MAIT cells, and CD40L+ MAIT cells showed an increased ability to produce IL-4 and to enhance IgA production by B cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that MAIT cells in HSP patients exhibit an activated phenotype. The enhanced IL-4 production and CD40L expression of MAIT cells in HSP patients could take part in the pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muziying Liu
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ziqiang Yang
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230071, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yunru Yang
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230071, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230071, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gengyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changfeng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China.
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230071, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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Portales-Castillo I, Jalal A, Kendall PL, Parks D. Normal Levels of Ionized Calcium Despite Persistent Increase in Total Calcium in a Patient With IgA Paraproteinemia. JCEM Case Rep 2024; 2:luad163. [PMID: 38143927 PMCID: PMC10742367 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of the calcium in the blood circulates in the ionized, free form; which is critical for cellular function. As a result, its levels are tightly regulated by homeostatic mechanisms dependent on hormones such as PTH, vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor-23. The other half of the total calcium is in a complex with anions, predominantly albumin. Clinically, the levels of albumin are known to influence the relationship of total calcium to free calcium. However, the relevance of changes in other serum proteins on calcium homeostasis is less appreciated. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who was followed over 5 years with persistently elevated total calcium levels but with normal ionized calcium levels. Her evaluation was notable for IgA paraprotein, which paralleled her history of elevated total serum calcium. Extensive clinical investigations did not reveal hyperparathyroidism or cancer-mediated hypercalcemia. Additional in vitro analyses comparing the plasma containing the IgA paraprotein against a healthy control revealed that a high-molecular-weight IgA paraprotein in the patient has increased capacity to reduce the amount of free calcium in solution, thus providing a direct mechanistic explanation for the clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Portales-Castillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abdullah Jalal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah Parks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Shinkura R. Development of Orally Ingestible IgA Antibody Drugs to Maintain Symbiosis Between Humans and Microorganisms. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1444:165-176. [PMID: 38467979 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, dysbiosis, abnormalities in the gut microbiota, has been reported to be associated with the development of many diseases, and improving the gut microbiota is important for health maintenance. It has been shown that the host recognizes and regulates intestinal bacteria by means of IgA antibodies secreted into the gut, but the precise nature of the commensal gut bacteria recognized by each IgA antibody is unclear. We have cloned monoclonal IgA antibodies from mouse intestinal IgA-producing cells and are searching for bacterial molecules recognized by each IgA clone. Although the interaction of IgA antibodies with intestinal bacteria is still largely unknown and requires further basic research, we discuss the potential use of orally ingestible IgA antibodies as agents to improve intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Roland MM, Peacock TE, Hall N, Mohammed AD, Ball R, Jolly A, Alexeev S, Dopkins N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Kubinak JL. B-cell-specific MhcII regulates microbiota composition in a primarily IgA-independent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253674. [PMID: 38187389 PMCID: PMC10766766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MhcII) molecules on B cells is required for the development of germinal centers (GCs) in lymphoid follicles; the primary sites for the generation of T-cell-dependent (TD) antibody responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are secondary lymphoid tissues (SLOs) in the small intestine (SI) that give rise to high-affinity, TD antibodies (mainly immunoglobulin A (IgA)) generated against the microbiota. While several studies have demonstrated that MhcII antigen presentation by other immune cells coordinate TD IgA responses and regulate microbiota composition, whether or not B-cell-specific MhcII influences gut microbial ecology is unknown. Methods Here, we developed a novel Rag1 -/- adoptive co-transfer model to answer this question. In this model, Rag1 -/- mice were reconstituted with naïve CD4+ T cells and either MhcII-sufficient or MhcII-deficient naïve B cells. Subsequent to this, resulting shifts in microbiota composition was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of SI-resident and fecal bacterial communities. Results Results from our experiments indicate that SLO development and reconstitution of an anti-commensal TD IgA response can be induced in Rag1 -/- mice receiving T cells and MhcII-sufficient B cells, but not in mice receiving T cells and MhcII-deficient B cells. Results from our 16S experiments confirmed that adaptive immunity is a relevant host factor shaping microbial ecology in the gut, and that its impact was most pronounced on SI-resident bacterial communities. Conclusion Our data also clearly establishes that MhcII-mediated cognate interactions between B cells and T cells regulates this effect by maintaining species richness in the gut, which is a phenotype commonly associated with good health. Finally, contrary to expectations, our experimental results indicate that IgA was not responsible for driving any of the effects on the microbiota ascribed to the loss of B cell-specific MhcII. Collectively, results from our experiments support that MhcII-mediated antigen presentation by B cells regulates microbiota composition and promotes species richness through an IgA-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason L. Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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Udoye CC, Ehlers M, Manz RA. The B Cell Response and Formation of Allergenic and Anti-Allergenic Antibodies in Food Allergy. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 38132327 PMCID: PMC10740584 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in children and young adults. Allergen-specific IgE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of food allergies, but their titers poorly correlate with allergy development. Host immune systems yield allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgE and IgG subclasses with low or high affinities and differential Fc N-glycosylation patterns that can affect the allergic reaction to food in multiple ways. High-affinity IgE is required to induce strong mast cell activation eventually leading to allergic anaphylaxis, while low-affinity IgE can even inhibit the development of clinically relevant allergic symptoms. IgA and IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation through various mechanisms, thereby protecting IgE-positive individuals from allergy development. The production of IgE and IgG with differential allergenic potential seems to be affected by the signaling strength of individual B cell receptors, and by cytokines from T cells. This review provides an overview of the diversity of the B cell response and the diverse roles of antibodies in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Udoye
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Ahmadi AR, Song G, Gao T, Ma J, Han X, Hu MW, Cameron AM, Wesson RN, Philosophe B, Ottmann S, King E, Gurakar A, Qi L, Peiffer B, Burdick J, Anders R, Zhou Z, Lu H, Feng D, Chen CS, Qian J, Gao B, Zhu H, Sun Z. Discovery and characterization of cross-reactive intrahepatic antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis. eLife 2023; 12:RP86678. [PMID: 38055614 PMCID: PMC10699809 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) remains unknown. We analyzed immunoglobulins (Ig) in explanted livers from SAH patients (n=45) undergoing liver transplantation and tissues from corresponding healthy donors (HD, n=10) and found massive deposition of IgG and IgA isotype antibodies associated with complement fragment C3d and C4d staining in ballooned hepatocytes in SAH livers. Ig extracted from SAH livers, but not patient serum exhibited hepatocyte killing efficacy. Employing human and Escherichia coli K12 proteome arrays, we profiled the antibodies extracted from explanted SAH, livers with other diseases, and HD livers. Compared with their counterparts extracted from livers with other diseases and HD, antibodies of IgG and IgA isotypes were highly accumulated in SAH and recognized a unique set of human proteins and E. coli antigens. Further, both Ig- and E. coli-captured Ig from SAH livers recognized common autoantigens enriched in several cellular components including cytosol and cytoplasm (IgG and IgA), nucleus, mitochondrion, and focal adhesion (IgG). Except IgM from primary biliary cholangitis livers, no common autoantigen was recognized by Ig- and E. coli-captured Ig from livers with other diseases. These findings demonstrate the presence of cross-reacting anti-bacterial IgG and IgA autoantibodies in SAH livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Guang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tianshun Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiaomei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ming-Wen Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Andrew M Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Russell N Wesson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Benjamin Philosophe
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shane Ottmann
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Elizabeth King
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ahmet Gurakar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Le Qi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Brandon Peiffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - James Burdick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Robert Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research CampusKannapolisUnited States
| | - Hongkun Lu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Elesela S, Arzola-Martínez L, Rasky A, Ptaschinski C, Hogan SP, Lukacs NW. Mucosal IgA immune complex induces immunomodulatory responses in allergic airway and intestinal T H2 disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1607-1618.e1. [PMID: 37604310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin at the mucosal surface and although its role in regulating mucosal immunity is not fully understood, its presence is associated with protection from developing allergic disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of IgA immune complexes for therapeutic application to mucosal allergic responses. METHODS Trinitrophenol (TNP)-specific IgA immune complexes were applied, using TNP-coupled ovalbumin (OVA), to airway and gut mucosal surfaces in systemically sensitized allergic animals to regulate allergen challenge responses. Animals were assessed for both pathologic and immune-mediated responses in the lung and gut, respectively, using established mouse models. RESULTS The mucosal application of IgA immune complexes in the lung and gut with TNP-OVA regulated TH2-driven allergic response in the lung and gut, reducing TH2 cytokines and mucus (lung) as well as diarrhea and temperature loss (gut), but increasing IL-10 and the number of regulatory T cells. The IgA-OVA immune complex did not alter peanut-induced anaphylaxis, indicating antigen specificity. Using OVA-specific DO.11-green fluorescent protein IL-4 reporter mouse-derived TH2-skewed cells in a transfer model demonstrated that mucosal IgA immune complex treatment reduced TH2-cell expansion and increased the number of regulatory T cells. To address a potential mechanism of action, TGF-β and IL-10 were induced in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells when they were exposed to IgA immune complex, suggesting a regulatory phenotype induced in dendritic cells that also led to an altered primary T-cell-mediated response in in vitro OVA-specific assays. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight one possible mechanism of how allergen-specific IgA may provide a regulatory signal to reduce the development of allergic responses in the lung and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Elesela
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Llilian Arzola-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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Rodríguez I, Noda AA, Bosshard PP, Lienhard R. Anti-Treponema pallidum IgA response as a potential diagnostic marker of syphilis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1603.e1-1603.e4. [PMID: 37611864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serological tests for syphilis detect mainly total Ig, IgM or IgG antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the specific IgA response in syphilis patients according to disease stage. METHODS A serum IgA-enzyme immunoassay was developed using commercially available microplates coated with recombinant treponemal antigens and an anti-IgA-conjugate. To define a cut-off, we used 91 syphilis positive and 136 negative sera previously defined by the rapid plasma reagin and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination results. Then we determined the intra- and inter-assay precisions, diagnostic sensitivity according to the clinical stage (in 66, 55 and 42 sera from primary, secondary and latent syphilis patients, respectively) and specificity (in 211 sera from people with conditions different to syphilis). IgA values were further measured in 71 sera from patients with previously treated syphilis. RESULTS The newly developed IgA-enzyme immunoassay showed a good discrimination between negative and positive samples with intra- and inter-assay variation coefficients <20%. The sensitivity was 80.3% (95% CI, 70.0-90.6), 100.0% (95% CI, 99.1-100.0) and 95.2% (95% CI, 87.6-100.0) in primary, secondary and latent syphilis, respectively, and the specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 96.0-100.0). Further, IgA values were negative in 61.3% (38/62) of patients with previously treated syphilis. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest serum IgA as a sensitive and specific marker of syphilis and its detection could be used as a screening assay for active infection. Further evaluation is needed in prospective longitudinal field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islay Rodríguez
- National Reference Laboratory of Treponemes and Special Pathogens, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Angel A Noda
- National Reference Laboratory of Treponemes and Special Pathogens, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhou B, Zhou R, Chan JFW, Zeng J, Zhang Q, Yuan S, Liu L, Robinot R, Shan S, Liu N, Ge J, Kwong HYH, Zhou D, Xu H, Chan CCS, Poon VKM, Chu H, Yue M, Kwan KY, Chan CY, Chan CCY, Chik KKH, Du Z, Au KK, Huang H, Man HO, Cao J, Li C, Wang Z, Zhou J, Song Y, Yeung ML, To KKW, Ho DD, Chakrabarti LA, Wang X, Zhang L, Yuen KY, Chen Z. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks neutralizing dimeric IgA for nasal infection and injury in Syrian hamsters 1. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2245921. [PMID: 37542391 PMCID: PMC10444022 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2245921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in nasal turbinate (NT) requires in vivo evaluation of IgA neutralizing antibodies. Here, we report the efficacy of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monomeric B8-mIgA1 and B8-mIgA2, and dimeric B8-dIgA1, B8-dIgA2 and TH335-dIgA1 against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters. These antibodies exhibited comparable neutralization potency against authentic virus by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for RBD binding. While reducing viral loads in lungs significantly, prophylactic intranasal B8-dIgA unexpectedly led to high amount of infectious viruses and extended damage in NT compared to controls. Mechanistically, B8-dIgA failed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission, but was hijacked by the virus through dendritic cell-mediated trans-infection of NT epithelia leading to robust nasal infection. Cryo-EM further revealed B8 as a class II antibody binding trimeric RBDs in 3-up or 2-up/1-down conformation. Neutralizing dIgA, therefore, may engage an unexpected mode of SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Hainan-Medical University – The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, and Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Control of Chronic Viral Infections Group, Virus & Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Sisi Shan
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwan Ge
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hugo Yat-Hei Kwong
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yin Chan
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Du
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Kit Au
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Haode Huang
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu-On Man
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianli Cao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A. Chakrabarti
- Control of Chronic Viral Infections Group, Virus & Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Hainan-Medical University – The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, and Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Akula S, Welinder C, Fu Z, Olsson AK, Hellman L. Identification of the Major Protein Components of Human and Cow Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16838. [PMID: 38069163 PMCID: PMC10705902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows produce saliva in very large quantities to lubricate and facilitate food processing. Estimates indicate an amount of 50-150 L per day. Human saliva has previously been found to contain numerous antibacterial components, such as lysozyme, histatins, members of the S-100 family and lactoferrin, to limit pathogen colonization. Cows depend on a complex microbial community in their digestive system for food digestion. Our aim here was to analyze how this would influence the content of their saliva. We therefore sampled saliva from five humans and both nose secretions and saliva from six cows and separated the saliva on SDS-PAGE gradient gels and analyzed the major protein bands with LC-MS/MS. The cow saliva was found to be dominated by a few major proteins only, carbonic anhydrase 6, a pH-stabilizing enzyme and the short palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2A (SPLUNC2A), also named bovine salivary protein 30 kDa (BSP30) or BPIFA2B. This latter protein has been proposed to play a role in local antibacterial response by binding bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and inhibiting bacterial growth but may instead, according to more recent data, primarily have surfactant activity. Numerous peptide fragments of mucin-5B were also detected in different regions of the gel in the MS analysis. Interestingly, no major band on gel was detected representing any of the antibacterial proteins, indicating that cows may produce them at very low levels that do not harm the microbial flora of their digestive system. The nose secretions of the cows primarily contained the odorant protein, a protein thought to be involved in enhancing the sense of smell of the olfactory receptors and the possibility of quickly sensing potential poisonous food components. High levels of secretory IgA were also found in one sample of cow mouth drippings, indicating a strong upregulation during an infection. The human saliva was more complex, containing secretory IgA, amylase, carbonic anhydrase 6, lysozyme, histatins and a number of other less abundant proteins, indicating a major difference to the saliva of cows that show very low levels of antibacterial components, most likely to not harm the microbial flora of the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
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Soffritti I, D’Accolti M, Bini F, Mazziga E, Proietto D, Dallan B, Laurentis MD, Ghisellini S, Nicoli F, Caselli E. Development of an Oral IgA Response against SARS-CoV-2 Following Immunization with Different COVID-19 Vaccines. Viruses 2023; 15:2319. [PMID: 38140560 PMCID: PMC10748229 DOI: 10.3390/v15122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune response is recognized to be important in the early control of infection sustained by viruses with mucosal tissues as the primary site of entry and replication, such as SARS-CoV-2. Mucosal IgA has been consistently reported in the mouth and eye of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, where it correlated inversely with COVID-19 symptom severity. Yet, there is still scarce information on the comparative ability of the diverse SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce local IgA responses at the virus entry site. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in the saliva of 95 subjects vaccinated with a booster dose and different combinations of vaccines, including mRNA-1273 (Moderna), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca). The results showed the presence of a mucosal response in 93.7% of vaccinated subjects, with a mean IgA titer of 351.5 ± 31.77 U/mL, strongly correlating with the serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences emerged between the vaccine types, although the salivary IgA titer appeared slightly higher after receiving a booster dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) following two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), compared to the other vaccine combinations. These data confirm what was previously reported at the eye level and suggest that monitoring salivary IgA may be a useful tool for driving forward vaccine design and surveillance strategies, potentially leading to novel routes of vaccine administration and boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.S.); (M.D.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria D’Accolti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.S.); (M.D.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesca Bini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.S.); (M.D.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.S.); (M.D.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology (BIM), University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy (F.N.)
| | - Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology (BIM), University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy (F.N.)
| | - Martina De Laurentis
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology (BIM), University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy (F.N.)
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital St. Anna, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology (BIM), University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy (F.N.)
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.S.); (M.D.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
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45
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Goh YS, Fong SW, Hor PX, Loh CY, Wang B, Salleh SNM, Ngoh EZX, Lee RTC, Poh XY, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Lim C, Teo J, Pada S, Sun LJ, Ong DLS, Somani J, Lee ES, Maurer-Stroh S, Wang CI, Leo YS, Lye DC, Young BE, Ng LFP, Renia L. Variant-specific IgA protects against Omicron infection. J Infect Dis 2023:jiad525. [PMID: 37996071 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, coupled with waning vaccine-induced immunity, has contributed to the rise of vaccine breakthrough infections. It is crucial to understand how vaccine-induced protection is mediated. METHODS We examined two prospective cohorts of mRNA-vaccinated-and-boosted individuals during the Omicron wave of infection in Singapore. RESULTS We found that, individuals, who remain uninfected over the follow-up period, had a higher variant-specific IgA, but not IgG, antibody response at 1-month post booster vaccination, compared with individuals who became infected. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that IgA may have a potential contributory role in protection against Omicron infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Raphael Tze Chuen Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Jefanie Teo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Viney M, Cheynel L. Gut immune responses and evolution of the gut microbiome-a hypothesis. Discov Immunol 2023; 2:kyad025. [PMID: 38567055 PMCID: PMC10917216 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an assemblage of microbes that have profound effects on their hosts. The composition of the microbiome is affected by bottom-up, among-taxa interactions and by top-down, host effects, which includes the host immune response. While the high-level composition of the microbiome is generally stable over time, component strains and genotypes will constantly be evolving, with both bottom-up and top-down effects acting as selection pressures, driving microbial evolution. Secretory IgA is a major feature of the gut's adaptive immune response, and a substantial proportion of gut bacteria are coated with IgA, though the effect of this on bacteria is unclear. Here we hypothesize that IgA binding to gut bacteria is a selection pressure that will drive the evolution of IgA-bound bacteria, so that they will have a different evolutionary trajectory than those bacteria not bound by IgA. We know very little about the microbiome of wild animals and even less about their gut immune responses, but it must be a priority to investigate this hypothesis to understand if and how host immune responses contribute to microbiome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Viney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Cheynel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
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47
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Deal CE, Richards AF, Yeung T, Maron MJ, Wang Z, Lai YT, Fritz BR, Himansu S, Narayanan E, Liu D, Koleva R, Licht S, Hsiao CJ, Rajlic IL, Koch H, Kleyman M, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ, Doering JE, Lindberg SK, Mantis NJ, Carfi A, Plante OJ. An mRNA-based platform for the delivery of pathogen-specific IgA into mucosal secretions. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101253. [PMID: 37918405 PMCID: PMC10694625 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the gut and airways by pathogenic bacteria can lead to local tissue destruction and life-threatening systemic infections, especially in immunologically compromised individuals. Here, we describe an mRNA-based platform enabling delivery of pathogen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibodies into mucosal secretions. The platform consists of synthetic mRNA encoding IgA heavy, light, and joining (J) chains, packaged in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that express glycosylated, dimeric IgA with functional activity in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, mRNA-derived IgA had a significantly greater serum half-life and a more native glycosylation profile in mice than did a recombinantly produced IgA. Expression of an mRNA encoded Salmonella-specific IgA in mice resulted in intestinal localization and limited Peyer's patch invasion. The same mRNA-LNP technology was used to express a Pseudomonas-specific IgA that protected from a lung challenge. Leveraging the mRNA antibody technology as a means to intercept bacterial pathogens at mucosal surfaces opens up avenues for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ding Liu
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E Pulse
- HSC College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA
| | - William J Weiss
- HSC College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA
| | - Jennifer E Doering
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12211, USA
| | - Samantha K Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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48
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Yokota C, Fujimoto K, Yamakawa N, Kono M, Miyaoka D, Shimohigoshi M, Uematsu M, Watanabe M, Kamei Y, Sugimoto A, Kawasaki N, Yabuno T, Okamura T, Kuroda E, Hamaguchi S, Sato S, Hotomi M, Akeda Y, Ishii KJ, Yasutomi Y, Sunami K, Uematsu S. Prime-boost-type PspA3 + 2 mucosal vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from intratracheal challenge with pneumococci. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:55. [PMID: 37964391 PMCID: PMC10647109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccination is recommended for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, the frequency of pneumococcal pneumonia is still high worldwide. In fact, no vaccines are effective for all pneumococcal serotypes. Fusion pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown to induce a broad range of cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and afford cross-protection against pneumococcal challenge in mice. Furthermore, we developed prime-boost-type mucosal vaccines that induce both antigen-specific IgG in serum and antigen-specific IgA in targeted mucosal organs in previous studies. We investigated whether our prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA was effective against pneumococcal infection in mice and cynomolgus macaques. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan. Six weeks later, PspA was administered intranasally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some mice were given intranasal Streptococcus pneumoniae and the severity of infection was analyzed. Macaques were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan at week 0 and week 4. Then, 13 or 41 weeks later, PspA was administered intratracheally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some macaques were intranasally administered S. pneumoniae and analyzed for the severity of pneumonia. RESULTS Serum samples from mice and macaques injected with antigens in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan contained antigen-specific IgG. Bronchial samples contained antigen-specific IgA after the fusion PspA boosting. This immunization regimen effectively prevented S. pneumoniae infection. CONCLUSIONS Prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA prevented S. pneumoniae infection in mice and macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Yokota
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyaoka
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimohigoshi
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Kamei
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawasaki
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takato Yabuno
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuroda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kishiko Sunami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
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49
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Castro VT, Chardin H, Amorim dos Santos J, Barra GB, Castilho GR, Souza PM, Magalhães PDO, Acevedo AC, Guerra ENS. Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies in vaccinated adults. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296603. [PMID: 38022522 PMCID: PMC10661372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the detection of antibodies becomes useful for immunological monitoring and COVID-19 control. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum and saliva of COVID-19-vaccinated adults. The study included 13 not vaccinated and 35 vaccinated participants with two doses of CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan) vaccine who subsequently received BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine as a booster dose. Vaccinated participants donated saliva and serum in three different time points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for antibody detection. In our results, the serum neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detected in 34/35 samples after second dose and in 35/35 samples one and five months after the booster dose. In saliva, NAb were detected in 30/35 samples after second dose and in 35/35 of samples one and five months after the booster dose. IgA was detected in 19/34 saliva samples after second dose, in 18/35 one month after the booster and in 30/35 five months after. IgG in saliva was detected in 1/34 samples after second dose, 33/35 samples one month after the booster dose and in 20/35 five months after. A strong correlation was found between IgG and neutralizing activity in saliva, and salivary IgA would be a sign of recent exposure to the virus. In conclusion, saliva can be suitable for monitoring antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Heterologous vaccination contributed to increase anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Brazilian health context. Complementary studies with large groups are mandatory to conclude the interest in following mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Tavares Castro
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hélène Chardin
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI) de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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50
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Dowell AC, Tut G, Begum J, Bruton R, Bentley C, Butler M, Uwenedi G, Zuo J, Powell AA, Brent AJ, Brent B, Baawuah F, Okike I, Beckmann J, Ahmad S, Aiano F, Garstang J, Ramsay ME, Moss P, Ladhani SN. Nasal mucosal IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses are low in children but boosted by reinfection. J Infect 2023; 87:403-412. [PMID: 37660754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Repeated coronavirus infections in childhood drive progressive maturation of systemic immune responses into adulthood. Analyses of immune responses in children have focused primarily upon systemic assessment but the importance of mucosal immunity is increasingly recognised. We studied virus-specific antibody responses in contemporaneous nasal swabs and blood samples from 99 children (4-15 years) and 28 adults (22-56 years), all of whom had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whilst mucosal IgA titres against Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial virus were comparable between children and adults, those against all coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, were lower in children. Mucosal IgA antibodies demonstrated comparable relative neutralisation capacity in both groups and retained activity against recent omicron variants such as XBB.1 which are highly evasive of IgG neutralisation. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection preferentially enhanced mucosal IgA responses whilst the impact of vaccination was more modest. Nasal IgA levels against coronaviruses thus display a pattern of incremental response to reinfection which likely determines the natural history of reinfection. This highlights the particular significance of developing mucosal vaccines against coronaviruses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Dowell
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Bruton
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Bentley
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Butler
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Uwenedi
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel A Powell
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Brent
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Brent
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Baawuah
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ifeanyichukwu Okike
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter New Road, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Beckmann
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, 9 Allie Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shazaad Ahmad
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Aiano
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Garstang
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Holt Street, Aston, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Ramsay
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, United Kingdom.
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