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Yang A, Luo Y, Yang J, Xie T, Wang W, Wan X, Wang K, Pang D, Yang D, Dai H, Wu J, Meng S, Guo J, Wang Z, Shen S. Quantitation of Enterovirus A71 Empty and Full Particles by Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Viruses 2024; 16:573. [PMID: 38675915 DOI: 10.3390/v16040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The enterovirus A71 (EV71) inactivated vaccine is an effective intervention to control the spread of the virus and prevent EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is widely administered to infants and children in China. The empty particles (EPs) and full particles (FPs) generated during production have different antigenic and immunogenic properties. However, the antigen detection methods currently used were established without considering the differences in antigenicity between EPs and FPs. There is also a lack of other effective analytical methods for detecting the different particle forms, which hinders the consistency between batches of products. In this study, we analyzed the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) in characterizing the EPs and FPs of EV71. Our results showed that the proportions of the two forms could be quantified simultaneously by SV-AUC. We also determined the repeatability and accuracy of this method and found that both parameters were satisfactory. We assessed SV-AUC for bulk vaccine quality control, and our findings indicated that SV-AUC can be used effectively to analyze the percentage of EPs and FPs and monitor the consistency of the process to ensure the quality of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yun Luo
- The Research Core Facilities for Life Science (HUST), College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Tingbo Xie
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Hanyu Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
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Hou YN, Jin YQ, Zhang XF, Tang F, Hou JW, Liu ZM, Han ZB, Zhang H, Du LF, Shao S, Su JG, Liang Y, Zhang J, Li QM. Chimeric virus-like particles of human norovirus constructed by structure-guided epitope grafting elicit cross-reactive immunity against both GI.1 and GII.4 genotypes. J Virol 2023; 97:e0093823. [PMID: 37792003 PMCID: PMC10617407 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00938-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human norovirus (HuNoV) is highly infectious and can result in severe illnesses in the elderly and children. So far, there is no effective antiviral drug to treat HuNoV infection, and thus, the development of HuNoV vaccines is urgent. However, NoV evolves rapidly, and currently, at least 10 genogroups with numerous genotypes have been found. The genetic diversity of NoV and the lack of cross-protection between different genotypes pose challenges to the development of broadly protective vaccines. In this study, guided by structural alignment between GI.1 and GII.4 HuNoV VP1 proteins, several chimeric-type virus-like particles (VLPs) were designed through surface-exposed loop grafting. Mouse immunization studies show that two of the designed chimeric VLPs induced cross-immunity against both GI.1 and GII.4 HuNoVs. To our knowledge, this is the first designed chimeric VLPs that can induce cross-immune activities across different genogroups of HuNoV, which provides valuable strategies for the development of cross-reactive HuNoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nan Hou
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin Jin
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng Zhang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Tang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wei Hou
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ming Liu
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Bo Han
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fang Du
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Guo Su
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
- High Performance Computing Center, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ming Li
- The Sixth Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), Beijing, China
- National Engineering Center for New Vaccine Research, Beijing, China
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Rao PG, Lambert GS, Upadhyay C. Broadly neutralizing antibody epitopes on HIV-1 particles are exposed after virus interaction with host cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0071023. [PMID: 37681958 PMCID: PMC10537810 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00710-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The envelope (Env) glycoproteins on HIV-1 virions are the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and the focus of vaccines. However, many cross-reactive conserved epitopes are often occluded on virus particles, contributing to the evasion of humoral immunity. This study aimed to identify the Env epitopes that are exposed/occluded on HIV-1 particles and to investigate the mechanisms contributing to their masking. Using a flow cytometry-based assay, three HIV-1 isolates, and a panel of antibodies, we show that only select epitopes, including V2i, the gp120-g41 interface, and gp41-MPER, are accessible on HIV-1 particles, while V3, V2q, and select CD4bs epitopes are masked. These epitopes become accessible after allosteric conformational changes are induced by the pre-binding of select Abs, prompting us to test if similar conformational changes are required for these Abs to exhibit their neutralization capability. We tested HIV-1 neutralization where the virus-mAb mix was pre-incubated/not pre-incubated for 1 hour prior to adding the target cells. Similar levels of neutralization were observed under both assay conditions, suggesting that the interaction between virus and target cells sensitizes the virions for neutralization via bNAbs. We further show that lectin-glycan interactions can also expose these epitopes. However, this effect is dependent on the lectin specificity. Given that, bNAbs are ideal for providing sterilizing immunity and are the goal of current HIV-1 vaccine efforts, these data offer insight on how HIV-1 may occlude these vulnerable epitopes from the host immune response. In addition, the findings can guide the formulation of effective antibody combinations for therapeutic use. IMPORTANCE The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates viral entry and is the sole target of neutralizing antibodies. Our data suggest that antibody epitopes including V2q (e.g., PG9, PGT145), CD4bs (e.g., VRC01, 3BNC117), and V3 (2219, 2557) are masked on HIV-1 particles. The PG9 and 2219 epitopes became accessible for binding after conformational unmasking was induced by the pre-binding of select mAbs. Attempts to understand the masking mechanism led to the revelation that interaction between virus and host cells is needed to sensitize the virions for neutralization by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). These data provide insight on how bNAbs may gain access to these occluded epitopes to exert their neutralization effects and block HIV-1 infection. These findings have important implications for the way we evaluate the neutralizing efficacy of antibodies and can potentially guide vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gadam Rao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory S. Lambert
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Nguyen HT, Wang Q, Anang S, Sodroski JG. Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein Conformational States on Infectious Virus Particles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0185722. [PMID: 36815832 PMCID: PMC10062176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into cells involves triggering of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ([gp120/gp41]3) by the primary receptor, CD4, and coreceptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. The pretriggered (State-1) conformation of the mature (cleaved) Env is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are inefficiently elicited compared with poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs). Here, we characterize variants of the moderately triggerable HIV-1AD8 Env on virions produced by an infectious molecular proviral clone; such virions contain more cleaved Env than pseudotyped viruses. We identified three types of cleaved wild-type AD8 Env trimers on virions: (i) State-1-like trimers preferentially recognized by bNAbs and exhibiting strong subunit association; (ii) trimers recognized by pNAbs directed against the gp120 coreceptor-binding region and exhibiting weak, detergent-sensitive subunit association; and (iii) a minor gp41-only population. The first Env population was enriched and the other Env populations reduced by introducing State-1-stabilizing changes in the AD8 Env or by treatment of the virions with crosslinker or the State-1-preferring entry inhibitor, BMS-806. These stabilized AD8 Envs were also more resistant to gp120 shedding induced by a CD4-mimetic compound or by incubation on ice. Conversely, a State-1-destabilized, CD4-independent AD8 Env variant exhibited weaker bNAb recognition and stronger pNAb recognition. Similar relationships between Env triggerability and antigenicity/shedding propensity on virions were observed for other HIV-1 strains. State-1 Envs on virions can be significantly enriched by minimizing the adventitious incorporation of uncleaved Env; stabilizing the pretriggered conformation by Env modification, crosslinking or BMS-806 treatment; strengthening Env subunit interactions; and using CD4-negative producer cells. IMPORTANCE Efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine have been frustrated by the inability to elicit broad neutralizing antibodies that recognize multiple virus strains. Such antibodies can bind a particular shape of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer, as it exists on a viral membrane but before engaging receptors on the host cell. Here, we establish simple yet powerful assays to characterize the envelope glycoproteins in a natural context on virus particles. We find that, depending on the HIV-1 strain, some envelope glycoproteins change shape and fall apart, creating decoys that can potentially divert the host immune response. We identify requirements to keep the relevant envelope glycoprotein target for broad neutralizing antibodies intact on virus-like particles. These studies suggest strategies that should facilitate efforts to produce and use virus-like particles as vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Desai D, Khan AR, Soneja M, Mittal A, Naik S, Kodan P, Mandal A, Maher GT, Kumar R, Agarwal A, Gowda NR, H V, Kumar P, Pandey S, Pandey RM, Kumar A, Ray A, Jorwal P, Nischal N, Choudhary A, Brijwal M, Madan K, Lodha R, Sinha S, Dar L, Wig N, Guleria R. Effectiveness of an inactivated virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152, in India: a test-negative, case-control study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022; 22:349-356. [PMID: 34826383 PMCID: PMC8610201 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that has been deployed in India. The results of the phase 3 trial have shown clinical efficacy of BBV152. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BBV152 against symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We conducted a test-negative, case-control study among employees of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India), who had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and had an RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during the peak of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India between April 15 and May 15, 2021. Cases (test-positives) and controls (test-negatives) were matched (1:1) on the basis of age and gender. The odds of vaccination with BBV152 were compared between cases and controls and adjusted for level of occupational exposure (to COVID-19), previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and calendar time, using conditional logistic regression. The primary outcome was effectiveness of two doses of BBV152 (with the second dose received at least 14 days before testing) in reducing the odds of symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, expressed as (1 – odds ratio) × 100%. Findings Between April 15 and May 15, 2021, 3732 individuals had an RT-PCR test. Of these, 2714 symptomatic employees had data on vaccination status, and 1068 matched case-control pairs were available for analysis. The adjusted effectiveness of BBV152 against symptomatic COVID-19 after two doses administered at least 14 days before testing was 50% (95% CI 33–62; p<0·0001). The adjusted effectiveness of two doses administered at least 28 days before testing was 46% (95% CI 22–62) and administered at least 42 days before testing was 57% (21–76). After excluding participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, the adjusted effectiveness of two doses administered at least 14 days before testing was 47% (95% CI 29–61). Interpretation This study shows the effectiveness of two doses of BBV152 against symptomatic COVID-19 in the context of a huge surge in cases, presumably dominated by the potentially immune-evasive delta (B.1.617.2) variant of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings support the ongoing roll-out of this vaccine to help control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while continuing the emphasis on adherence to non-pharmacological measures. Funding None. Translation For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Desai
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Adil Rashid Khan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivdas Naik
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Kodan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayan Mandal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen R Gowda
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas H
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmeshwar Kumar
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Jorwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Nischal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashish Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Megha Brijwal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Stone ET, Hassert M, Geerling E, Wagner C, Brien JD, Ebel GD, Hirsch AJ, German C, Smith JL, Pinto AK. Balanced T and B cell responses are required for immune protection against Powassan virus in virus-like particle vaccination. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110388. [PMID: 35172138 PMCID: PMC8919300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne pathogen for which humans are an incidental host. POWV infection can be fatal or result in long-term neurological sequelae; however, there are no approved vaccinations for POWV. Integral to efficacious vaccine development is the identification of correlates of protection, which we accomplished in this study by utilizing a murine model of POWV infection. Using POWV lethal and sub-lethal challenge models, we show that (1) robust B and T cell responses are necessary for immune protection, (2) POWV lethality can be attributed to both viral- and host-mediated drivers of disease, and (3) knowledge of the immune correlates of protection against POWV can be applied in a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccination approach that provides protection from lethal POWV challenge. Identification of these immune protection factors is significant as it will aid in the rational design of POWV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Colleen Wagner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Cody German
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jessica L Smith
- The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Lücke AC, vom Hemdt A, Wieseler J, Fischer C, Feldmann M, Rothenfusser S, Drexler JF, Kümmerer BM. High-Throughput Platform for Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies Using Flavivirus Reporter Replicon Particles. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020346. [PMID: 35215941 PMCID: PMC8880525 DOI: 10.3390/v14020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus outbreaks require fast and reliable diagnostics that can be easily adapted to newly emerging and re-emerging flaviviruses. Due to the serological cross-reactivity among flavivirus antibodies, neutralization tests (NT) are considered the gold standard for sero-diagnostics. Here, we first established wild-type single-round infectious virus replicon particles (VRPs) by packaging a yellow fever virus (YFV) replicon expressing Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) with YFV structural proteins in trans using a double subgenomic Sindbis virus (SINV) replicon. The latter expressed the YFV envelope proteins prME via the first SINV subgenomic promoter and the capsid protein via a second subgenomic SINV promoter. VRPs were produced upon co-electroporation of replicon and packaging RNA. Introduction of single restriction enzyme sites in the packaging construct flanking the prME sequence easily allowed to exchange the prME moiety resulting in chimeric VRPs that have the surface proteins of other flaviviruses including dengue virus 1-4, Zika virus, West Nile virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Besides comparing the YF-VRP based NT assay to a YF reporter virus NT assay, we analyzed the neutralization efficiencies of different human anti-flavivirus sera or a monoclonal antibody against all established VRPs. The assays were performed in a 96-well high-throughput format setting with Gluc as readout in comparison to classical plaque reduction NTs indicating that the VRP-based NT assays are suitable for high-throughput analyses of neutralizing flavivirus antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlen-Celina Lücke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.-C.L.); (A.v.H.); (J.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Anja vom Hemdt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.-C.L.); (A.v.H.); (J.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Janett Wieseler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.-C.L.); (A.v.H.); (J.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universtät Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.F.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Marie Feldmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.-C.L.); (A.v.H.); (J.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKliP), Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universtät Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.F.); (J.F.D.)
- Martinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119435 Moskow, Russia
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Mareike Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.-C.L.); (A.v.H.); (J.W.); (M.F.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Malhotra S, Mani K, Lodha R, Bakhshi S, Mathur VP, Gupta P, Kedia S, Sankar J, Kumar P, Kumar A, Ahuja V, Sinha S, Guleria R. SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Rate and Estimated Effectiveness of the Inactivated Whole Virion Vaccine BBV152 Against Reinfection Among Health Care Workers in New Delhi, India. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2142210. [PMID: 34994793 PMCID: PMC8742193 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance A surge of COVID-19 occurred from March to June 2021, in New Delhi, India, linked to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccines were rolled out for health care workers (HCWs) starting in January 2021. Objective To assess the incidence density of reinfection among a cohort of HCWs and estimate the effectiveness of the inactivated whole virion vaccine BBV152 against reinfection. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective cohort study among HCWs working at a tertiary care center in New Delhi, India. Exposures Vaccination with 0, 1, or 2 doses of BBV152. Main Outcomes and Measures The HCWs were categorized as fully vaccinated (with 2 doses and ≥15 days after the second dose), partially vaccinated (with 1 dose or 2 doses with <15 days after the second dose), or unvaccinated. The incidence density of COVID-19 reinfection per 100 person-years was computed, and events from March 3, 2020, to June 18, 2021, were included for analysis. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Estimated vaccine effectiveness (1 - adjusted HR) was reported. Results Among 15 244 HCWs who participated in the study, 4978 (32.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean (SD) age was 36.6 (10.3) years, and 55.0% were male. The reinfection incidence density was 7.26 (95% CI: 6.09-8.66) per 100 person-years (124 HCWs [2.5%], total person follow-up period of 1696 person-years as time at risk). Fully vaccinated HCWs had lower risk of reinfection (HR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.08-0.23]), symptomatic reinfection (HR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.07-0.24]), and asymptomatic reinfection (HR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.05-0.53]) compared with unvaccinated HCWs. Accordingly, among the 3 vaccine categories, reinfection was observed in 60 of 472 (12.7%) of unvaccinated (incidence density, 18.05 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 14.02-23.25), 39 of 356 (11.0%) of partially vaccinated (incidence density 15.62 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 11.42-21.38), and 17 of 1089 (1.6%) fully vaccinated (incidence density 2.18 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.35-3.51) HCWs. The estimated effectiveness of BBV152 against reinfection was 86% (95% CI, 77%-92%); symptomatic reinfection, 87% (95% CI, 76%-93%); and asymptomatic reinfection, 84% (95% CI, 47%-95%) among fully vaccinated HCWs. Partial vaccination was not associated with reduced risk of reinfection. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that BBV152 was associated with protection against both symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection in HCWs after a complete vaccination schedule, when the predominant circulating variant was B.1.617.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R.A Institute–Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeeva Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmeshwar Kumar
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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9
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Rockstroh A, Wolf J, Fertey J, Kalbitz S, Schroth S, Lübbert C, Ulbert S, Borte S. Correlation of humoral immune responses to different SARS-CoV-2 antigens with virus neutralizing antibodies and symptomatic severity in a German COVID-19 cohort. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:774-781. [PMID: 33830901 PMCID: PMC8079054 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1913973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the humoral protective immune response and its durability after SARS-CoV-2 infections is essential for risk assessment of reinfections, the improvement of diagnostic methods and the evaluation of vaccine trials. We have analyzed neutralizing antibodies and IgG responses specific to different antigens, including the inactivated whole-virion of SARS-CoV-2, the spike subunit 1 protein and its receptor binding domain, as well as the nucleocapsid protein. We show the dynamic developments of the responses from the early convalescent stages up to 9 months post symptoms onset in follow-up samples from 57 COVID-19 patients with varying clinical severity. By correlating antibody signals to neutralizing titres, valid diagnostic markers for the estimation of neutralizing protection could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig (IDCL) at Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fertey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Kalbitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schroth
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Lübbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Borte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig (IDCL) at Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Chepurnov AA, Kazachinskaya EI, Kazachkova EA, Sharshov KA, Kononova YV, Shelemba AA, Alekseev AY, Gulyeva MA, Voevoda MI, Shestopalov AM. Development of a Purified Viral Preparation for Studies of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Biology. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 172:49-52. [PMID: 34787781 PMCID: PMC8596366 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Different methods for producing bulk quantities of concentrated and purified SARS-CoV-2 for the use as antigens and for the research into COVID-19 biology were tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Chepurnov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - E I Kazachinskaya
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Kazachkova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K A Sharshov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu V Kononova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Shelemba
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Alekseev
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Gulyeva
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M I Voevoda
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A M Shestopalov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Prévost J, Medjahed H, Vézina D, Chen HC, Hahn BH, Smith AB, Finzi A. HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Proteolytic Cleavage Protects Infected Cells from ADCC Mediated by Plasma from Infected Individuals. Viruses 2021; 13:2236. [PMID: 34835042 PMCID: PMC8625184 DOI: 10.3390/v13112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum as a trimeric gp160 precursor, which requires proteolytic cleavage by a cellular furin protease to mediate virus-cell fusion. Env is conformationally flexible but controls its transition from the unbound "closed" conformation (State 1) to downstream CD4-bound conformations (States 2/3), which are required for fusion. In particular, HIV-1 has evolved several mechanisms that reduce the premature "opening" of Env which exposes highly conserved epitopes recognized by non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Env cleavage decreases its conformational transitions favoring the adoption of the "closed" conformation. Here we altered the gp160 furin cleavage site to impair Env cleavage and to examine its impact on ADCC responses mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. We found that infected primary CD4+ T cells expressing uncleaved, but not wildtype, Env are efficiently recognized by nnAbs and become highly susceptible to ADCC responses mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. Thus, HIV-1 limits the exposure of uncleaved Env at the surface of HIV-1-infected cells at least in part to escape ADCC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA;
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.P.); (H.M.); (D.V.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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12
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Yang MH, Hu CC, Wong CH, Liang JJ, Ko HY, He MH, Lin YL, Lin NS, Hsu YH. Convenient Auto-Processing Vector Based on Bamboo Mosaic Virus for Presentation of Antigens Through Enzymatic Coupling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739837. [PMID: 34721406 PMCID: PMC8551676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new binary epitope-presenting CVP platform based on bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) by using the sortase A (SrtA)-mediated ligation technology. The reconstructed BaMV genome harbors two modifications: 1) a coat protein (CP) with N-terminal extension of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease recognition site plus 4 extra glycine (G) residues as the SrtA acceptor; and 2) a TEV protease coding region replacing that of the triple-gene-block proteins. Inoculation of such construct, pKB5G, on Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the efficient production of filamentous CVPs ready for SrtA-mediated ligation with desired proteins. The second part of the binary platform includes an expression vector for the bacterial production of donor proteins. We demonstrated the applicability of the platform by using the recombinant envelope protein domain III (rEDIII) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as the antigen. Up to 40% of the BaMV CP subunits in each CVP were loaded with rEDIII proteins in 1 min. The rEDIII-presenting BaMV CVPs (BJLPET5G) could be purified using affinity chromatography. Immunization assays confirmed that BJLPET5G could induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against JEV infections. The binary platform could be adapted as a useful alternative for the development and mass production of vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoacyltransferases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/blood
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/immunology
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/genetics
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Potexvirus/enzymology
- Potexvirus/genetics
- Potexvirus/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/immunology
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Virion/enzymology
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hzeng Wong
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun He
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Wang HI, Chuang ZS, Kao YT, Lin YL, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Liao CL, Lai MMC, Yu CY. Small Structural Proteins E and M Render the SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus More Infectious and Reveal the Phenotype of Natural Viral Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169087. [PMID: 34445789 PMCID: PMC8396568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus is a commonly used strategy that mimics certain biological functions of the authentic virus by relying on biological legitimacy at the molecular level. Despite the fact that spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins together wrap up the SARS-CoV-2 virion, most of the reported pseudotype viruses consist of only the S protein. Here, we report that the presence of E and M increased the virion infectivity by promoting the S protein priming. The S, E, and M (SEM)-coated pseudovirion is spherical, containing crown-like spikes on the surface. Both S and SEM pseudoviruses packaged the same amounts of viral RNA, but the SEM virus bound more efficiently to cells stably expressing the viral receptor human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) and became more infectious. Using this SEM pseudovirus, we examined the infectivity and antigenic properties of the natural SARS-CoV-2 variants. We showed that some variants have higher infectivity than the original virus and that some render the neutralizing plasma with lower potency. These studies thus revealed possible mechanisms of the dissemination advantage of these variants. Hence, the SEM pseudovirion provides a useful tool to evaluate the viral infectivity and capability of convalescent sera in neutralizing specific SARS-CoV-2 S dominant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (H.-I.W.); (Z.-S.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Zih-Shiuan Chuang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (H.-I.W.); (Z.-S.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Yu-Ting Kao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (H.-I.W.); (Z.-S.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.)
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (H.-I.W.); (Z.-S.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Michael M. C. Lai
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.M.C.L.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (H.-I.W.); (Z.-S.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.C.L.); (C.-Y.Y.)
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14
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Tanriover MD, Doğanay HL, Akova M, Güner HR, Azap A, Akhan S, Köse Ş, Erdinç FŞ, Akalın EH, Tabak ÖF, Pullukçu H, Batum Ö, Şimşek Yavuz S, Turhan Ö, Yıldırmak MT, Köksal İ, Taşova Y, Korten V, Yılmaz G, Çelen MK, Altın S, Çelik İ, Bayındır Y, Karaoğlan İ, Yılmaz A, Özkul A, Gür H, Unal S. Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. Lancet 2021; 398:213-222. [PMID: 34246358 PMCID: PMC8266301 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CoronaVac, an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has been shown to be well tolerated with a good safety profile in individuals aged 18 years and older in phase 1/2 trials, and provided a good humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. We present the interim efficacy and safety results of a phase 3 clinical trial of CoronaVac in Turkey. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Volunteers aged 18-59 years with no history of COVID-19 and with negative PCR and antibody test results for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled at 24 centres in Turkey. Exclusion criteria included (but were not limited to) immunosuppressive therapy (including steroids) within the past 6 months, bleeding disorders, asplenia, and receipt of any blood products or immunoglobulins within the past 3 months. The K1 cohort consisted of health-care workers (randomised in a 1:1 ratio), and individuals other than health-care workers were also recruited into the K2 cohort (randomised in a 2:1 ratio) using an interactive web response system. The study vaccine was 3 μg inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virion adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide in a 0·5 mL aqueous suspension. Participants received either vaccine or placebo (consisting of all vaccine components except inactivated virus) intramuscularly on days 0 and 14. The primary efficacy outcome was the prevention of PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 at least 14 days after the second dose in the per protocol population. Safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04582344) and is active but no longer recruiting. FINDINGS Among 11 303 volunteers screened between Sept 14, 2020, and Jan 5, 2021, 10 218 were randomly allocated. After exclusion of four participants from the vaccine group because of protocol deviations, the intention-to-treat group consisted of 10 214 participants (6646 [65·1%] in the vaccine group and 3568 [34·9%] in the placebo group) and the per protocol group consisted of 10 029 participants (6559 [65·4%] and 3470 [34·6%]) who received two doses of vaccine or placebo. During a median follow-up period of 43 days (IQR 36-48), nine cases of PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 were reported in the vaccine group (31·7 cases [14·6-59·3] per 1000 person-years) and 32 cases were reported in the placebo group (192·3 cases [135·7-261·1] per 1000 person-years) 14 days or more after the second dose, yielding a vaccine efficacy of 83·5% (95% CI 65·4-92·1; p<0·0001). The frequencies of any adverse events were 1259 (18·9%) in the vaccine group and 603 (16·9%) in the placebo group (p=0·0108) with no fatalities or grade 4 adverse events. The most common systemic adverse event was fatigue (546 [8·2%] participants in the vaccine group and 248 [7·0%] the placebo group, p=0·0228). Injection-site pain was the most frequent local adverse event (157 [2·4%] in the vaccine group and 40 [1·1%] in the placebo group, p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION CoronaVac has high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with a good safety and tolerability profile. FUNDING Turkish Health Institutes Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Levent Doğanay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences İstanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Rahmet Güner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alpay Azap
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sıla Akhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İzmir Provincial Health Directorate, İzmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Şebnem Erdinç
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Halis Akalın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University Health Application and Research Centre, Bursa Uludağ University Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Fehmi Tabak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Batum
- Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İzmir Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Şimşek Yavuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University, İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Turhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Taner Yıldırmak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, Prof Dr Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İftihar Köksal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Acıbadem University Atakent Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Taşova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital Health Application and Research Centre, Adana, Turkey
| | - Volkan Korten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gürdal Yılmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Keçiören Sanatorium, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Çelen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Sedat Altın
- Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences İstanbul Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Bayındır
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İnönü University Turgut Özal Health Centre, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İlkay Karaoğlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Application Centre, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Aydın Yılmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Keçiören Sanatorium, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gür
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Nowak S, Harhala M, Lecion D, Kęska W, Owczarek B, Ciekot J, Drab M, Kędzierski P, Mazurkiewicz-Kania M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Immune Response to Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages in Mammals: Kinetics of Induction, Immunogenic Structural Proteins, Natural and Induced Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639570. [PMID: 34194425 PMCID: PMC8236893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are able to affect the human immune system. Phage-specific antibodies are considered as major factors shaping phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. So far, general knowledge of phage antigenicity nevertheless remains extremely limited. Here we present comparative studies of immunogenicity in two therapeutic bacteriophages, A3R and 676Z, active against Staphylococcus aureus, routinely applied in patients at the Phage Therapy Unit, Poland. Comparison of the overall ability of whole phages to induce specific antibodies in a murine model revealed typical kinetics of IgM and IgG induction by these two phages. In further studies we identified the location of four phage proteins in the virions, with the focus on the external capsid head (Mcp) or tail sheath (TmpH) or an unidentified precise location (ORF059 and ORF096), and we confirmed their role as structural proteins of these viruses. Next, we compared the immune response elicited by these proteins after phage administration in mice. Similar to that in T4 phage, Mcp was the major element of the capsid that induced specific antibodies. Studies of protein-specific sera revealed that antibodies specific to ORF096 were able to neutralize antibacterial activity of the phages. In humans (population level), none of the studied proteins plays a particular role in the induction of specific antibodies; thus none potentially affects in a particular way the effectiveness of A3R and 676Z. Also in patients subjected to phage therapy, we did not observe increased specific immune responses to the investigated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nano-Structural Bio-Interactions, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Liu R, Ma R, Liu Z, Hu H, Shu J, Hu P, Kang J, Zhang Y, Han M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Ying Q, Hou S, Wang W, Wang F, Cheng N, Zhuang Y, Lian J, Jin X, Wu X. HTNV infection of CD8 + T cells is associated with disease progression in HFRS patients. Commun Biol 2021; 4:652. [PMID: 34079056 PMCID: PMC8173013 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan viruses (HTNVs) are zoonotic pathogens transmitted mainly by rodents and capable of infecting humans. Increasing knowledge of the human response to HTNV infection can guide the development of new preventative vaccines and therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that HTNV can infect CD8+ T cells in vivo in patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Electron microscopy-mediated tracking of the life cycle and ultrastructure of HTNV-infected CD8+ T cells in vitro showed an association between notable increases in cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies and virus production. Notably, based on a clinical cohort of 280 patients, we found that circulating HTNV-infected CD8+ T cell numbers in blood were proportional to disease severity. These results demonstrate that viral infected CD8+ T cells may be used as an adjunct marker for monitoring HFRS disease progression and that modulating T cell functions may be explored for new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Infective Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwei Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qikang Ying
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyuan Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqiu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infective Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqi Lian
- Department of Infective Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Spengler JR, Welch SR, Scholte FEM, Rodriguez SE, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Nichol ST, Montgomery JM, Bergeron É, Spiropoulou CF. Viral replicon particles protect IFNAR -/- mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge three days after vaccination. Antiviral Res 2021; 191:105090. [PMID: 34044061 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes mild to severe and fatal disease in humans. Person-to-person transmission is common, necessitating the availability of rapidly deliverable therapeutic and prophylactic interventions to mitigate CCHFV spread. Previously, we showed complete protection using one dose of a viral replicon particle (VRP) vaccine administered 28 days before CCHFV challenge. In order to determine the utility of the VRP vaccine for rapid vaccination protocols, we assessed the efficacy of such vaccination administered at various intervals relative to challenge in IFNAR-/- mice. Unvaccinated mice uniformly succumbed to disease by 8 days post infection (dpi). All mice vaccinated 14, 7, or 3 days prior to CCHFV challenge survived infection. Mice vaccinated -14 or -7 dpi were fully protected from clinical disease, whereas mice inoculated -3 dpi developed signs of disease prior to recovering to baseline values 5-9 dpi. These data support the utility of the VRP vaccine for modified short course vaccination protocols to protect against disease and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Sergio E Rodriguez
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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18
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Zhang C, Xu C, Dai W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang H, Gong S, Cong Y, Huang Z. Functional and structural characterization of a two-MAb cocktail for delayed treatment of enterovirus D68 infections. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2904. [PMID: 34006855 PMCID: PMC8131599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen associated with respiratory diseases and/or acute flaccid myelitis. Here, two MAbs, 2H12 and 8F12, raised against EV-D68 virus-like particle (VLP), show distinct preference in binding VLP and virion and in neutralizing different EV-D68 strains. A combination of 2H12 and 8F12 exhibits balanced and potent neutralization effects and confers broader protection in mice than single MAbs when given at onset of symptoms. Cryo-EM structures of EV-D68 virion complexed with 2H12 or 8F12 show that both antibodies bind to the canyon region of the virion, creating steric hindrance for sialic acid receptor binding. Additionally, 2H12 binding can impair virion integrity and trigger premature viral uncoating. We also capture an uncoating intermediate induced by 2H12 binding, not previously described for picornaviruses. Our study elucidates the structural basis and neutralizing mechanisms of the 2H12 and 8F12 MAbs and supports further development of the 2H12/8F12 cocktail as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent against EV-D68 infections in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Enterovirus D, Human/drug effects
- Enterovirus D, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus D, Human/physiology
- Enterovirus Infections/drug therapy
- Enterovirus Infections/immunology
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Time-to-Treatment
- Treatment Outcome
- Virion/drug effects
- Virion/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
- Virion/ultrastructure
- Virus Uncoating/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Yang H, Llano A, Cedeño S, von Delft A, Corcuera A, Gillespie GM, Knox A, Leneghan DB, Frater J, Stöhr W, Fidler S, Mothe B, Mak J, Brander C, Ternette N, Dorrell L. Incoming HIV virion-derived Gag Spacer Peptide 2 (p1) is a target of effective CD8 + T cell antiviral responses. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109103. [PMID: 33979627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of HIV through integration into host DNA in CD4+ T cells presents a major barrier to virus eradication. Viral integration may be curtailed when CD8+ T cells are triggered to kill infected CD4+ T cells through recognition of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-bound peptides derived from incoming virions. However, this has been reported only in individuals with "beneficial" HLA alleles that are associated with superior HIV control. Through interrogation of the pre-integration immunopeptidome, we obtain proof of early presentation of a virion-derived HLA-A∗02:01-restricted epitope, FLGKIWPSH (FH9), located in Gag Spacer Peptide 2 (SP2). FH9-specific CD8+ T cell responses are detectable in individuals with primary HIV infection and eliminate HIV-infected CD4+ T cells prior to virus production in vitro. Our data show that non-beneficial HLA class I alleles can elicit an effective antiviral response through early presentation of HIV virion-derived epitopes and also demonstrate the importance of SP2 as an immune target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK; Research In Viral Eradication of Reservoirs (RIVER) trial study group.
| | - Anuska Llano
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Annette von Delft
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK; Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica Corcuera
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | - Andrew Knox
- Immunocore Ltd, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK; Research In Viral Eradication of Reservoirs (RIVER) trial study group
| | - Wolfgang Stöhr
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK; Research In Viral Eradication of Reservoirs (RIVER) trial study group
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK; Research In Viral Eradication of Reservoirs (RIVER) trial study group
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Johnson Mak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Christian Brander
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK; Immunocore Ltd, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK; Research In Viral Eradication of Reservoirs (RIVER) trial study group.
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20
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Zhuang S, Torbett BE. Interactions of HIV-1 Capsid with Host Factors and Their Implications for Developing Novel Therapeutics. Viruses 2021; 13:417. [PMID: 33807824 PMCID: PMC8001122 DOI: 10.3390/v13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) virion contains a conical shell, termed capsid, encasing the viral RNA genome. After cellular entry of the virion, the capsid is released and ensures the protection and delivery of the HIV-1 genome to the host nucleus for integration. The capsid relies on many virus-host factor interactions which are regulated spatiotemporally throughout the course of infection. In this paper, we will review the current understanding of the highly dynamic HIV-1 capsid-host interplay during the early stages of viral replication, namely intracellular capsid trafficking after viral fusion, nuclear import, uncoating, and integration of the viral genome into host chromatin. Conventional anti-retroviral therapies primarily target HIV-1 enzymes. Insights of capsid structure have resulted in a first-in-class, long-acting capsid-targeting inhibitor, GS-6207 (Lenacapavir). This inhibitor binds at the interface between capsid protein subunits, a site known to bind host factors, interferes with capsid nuclear import, HIV particle assembly, and ordered assembly. Our review will highlight capsid structure, the host factors that interact with capsid, and high-throughput screening techniques, specifically genomic and proteomic approaches, that have been and can be used to identify host factors that interact with capsid. Better structural and mechanistic insights into the capsid-host factor interactions will significantly inform the understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and the development of capsid-centric antiretroviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentian Zhuang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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21
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Asok Kumar N, Muraleedharan Suma S, Kunnakkadan U, Nag J, Koolaparambil Mukesh R, Lyles DS, Johnson JB. Functional Dissection of the Dominant Role of CD55 in Protecting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus against Complement-Mediated Neutralization. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030373. [PMID: 33652918 PMCID: PMC7996768 DOI: 10.3390/v13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. Its effector pathways largely mediate virus neutralization. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activates the classical pathway of the complement, leading to virus neutralization by lysis. Two host-derived membrane-associated regulators of complement activation (RCA), CD55 and CD46, which are incorporated into the VSV envelope during egress, confer protection by delaying/resisting complement-mediated neutralization. We showed previously that CD55 is more effective than CD46 in the inhibition of neutralization. In this study, we identified that, at the protein level, VSV infection resulted in the down-regulation of CD46 but not CD55. The mRNA of both the RCAs was significantly down-regulated by VSV, but it was delayed in the case of CD55. The immunoblot analysis of the levels of RCAs in the progeny virion harvested at three specific time intervals, points to an equal ratio of its distribution relative to viral proteins. Besides reconfirming the dominant role of CD55 over CD46 in shielding VSV from complement, our results also highlight the importance of the subtle modulation in the expression pattern of RCAs in a system naturally expressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Asok Kumar
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sreenath Muraleedharan Suma
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
| | - Umerali Kunnakkadan
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Joydeep Nag
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Reshma Koolaparambil Mukesh
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Douglas S. Lyles
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - John Bernet Johnson
- Pathogen Biology, Virology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; (N.A.K.); (S.M.S.); (U.K.); (J.N.); (R.K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Baranov MV, Kumar M, Sacanna S, Thutupalli S, van den Bogaart G. Modulation of Immune Responses by Particle Size and Shape. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607945. [PMID: 33679696 PMCID: PMC7927956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has to cope with a wide range of irregularly shaped pathogens that can actively move (e.g., by flagella) and also dynamically remodel their shape (e.g., transition from yeast-shaped to hyphal fungi). The goal of this review is to draw general conclusions of how the size and geometry of a pathogen affect its uptake and processing by phagocytes of the immune system. We compared both theoretical and experimental studies with different cells, model particles, and pathogenic microbes (particularly fungi) showing that particle size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness are important parameters for cellular uptake and subsequent immune responses, particularly inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles affect immune responses can aid the design of better vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V. Baranov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Simons Center for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Stefano Sacanna
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shashi Thutupalli
- Simons Center for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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23
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Dussupt V, Modjarrad K, Krebs SJ. Landscape of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Zika and Dengue: Therapeutic Solutions and Critical Insights for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621043. [PMID: 33664734 PMCID: PMC7921836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented 2015-2016 Zika outbreak in the Americas sparked global concern and drove the rapid deployment of vaccine and therapeutic countermeasures against this re-emerging pathogen. Alongside vaccine development, a number of potent neutralizing antibodies against Zika and related flaviviruses have been identified in recent years. High-throughput antibody isolation approaches have contributed to a better understanding of the B cell responses elicited following infection and/or vaccination. Structure-based approaches have illuminated species-specific and cross-protective epitopes of therapeutic value. This review will highlight previously described monoclonal antibodies with the best therapeutic potential against ZIKV and related flaviviruses, and discuss their implications for the rational design of better vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and the Critical Pattern of COVID-19: Possibilities and Considerations. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:422-429. [PMID: 33882487 PMCID: PMC8339023 DOI: 10.1159/000516693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic infection with profound effects on human society, has challenged our ability to control viral infections. Although at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the epidemic seemed controllable in Southern Iran, the disease presented a critical pattern as of May 2020. After a few months of the emergence of COVID-19, its severity and mortality increased dramatically. It has been proposed that antibodies produced during previous exposure to local circulating human coronaviruses or possibly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 might contribute to the development of more severe and lethal presentations of COVID-19 possibly by triggering antibody-dependent enhancement. The binding of virions complexed with antibodies to Fcγ receptors on the target cells initiates receptor-mediated signaling events, leading to enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and suppression of intracellular antiviral responses at the transcriptome level, followed by endocytosis of the virus and subsequent activation of immune cells. The activated immune cells might accumulate in the lung and promote cytokine storm and lymphopenia. Furthermore, the formation of immune complexes can promote complement activation and subsequent tissue damage. Although there are currently no clinical data to support this hypothesis, a better understanding of these immunopathologic phenomena and their relation to the disease course and severity might give insights into the development of the most efficient prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. This review demonstrates the critical pattern of COVID-19 in Southern Iran and highlights the possible interplay of factors leading to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- *Reza Taherkhani,
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25
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Grenga L, Gallais F, Pible O, Gaillard JC, Gouveia D, Batina H, Bazaline N, Ruat S, Culotta K, Miotello G, Debroas S, Roncato MA, Steinmetz G, Foissard C, Desplan A, Alpha-Bazin B, Almunia C, Gas F, Bellanger L, Armengaud J. Shotgun proteomics analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and how it can optimize whole viral particle antigen production for vaccines. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1712-1721. [PMID: 32619390 PMCID: PMC7473198 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1791737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and is continuing to spread rapidly around the globe. No effective vaccine is currently available to prevent COVID-19, and intense efforts are being invested worldwide into vaccine development. In this context, all technology platforms must overcome several challenges resulting from the use of an incompletely characterized new virus. These include finding the right conditions for virus amplification for the development of vaccines based on inactivated or attenuated whole viral particles. Here, we describe a shotgun tandem mass spectrometry workflow, the data produced can be used to guide optimization of the conditions for viral amplification. In parallel, we analysed the changes occurring in the host cell proteome following SARS-CoV-2 infection to glean information on the biological processes modulated by the virus that could be further explored as potential drug targets to deal with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Fabrice Gallais
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Duarte Gouveia
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Hélène Batina
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Niza Bazaline
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sylvie Ruat
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Karen Culotta
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Stéphanie Debroas
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Marie-Anne Roncato
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Gérard Steinmetz
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Charlotte Foissard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Anne Desplan
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Fabienne Gas
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Laurent Bellanger
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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26
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Morris DH, Petrova VN, Rossine FW, Parker E, Grenfell BT, Neher RA, Levin SA, Russell CA. Asynchrony between virus diversity and antibody selection limits influenza virus evolution. eLife 2020; 9:e62105. [PMID: 33174838 PMCID: PMC7748417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses create a persistent global disease burden by evolving to escape immunity induced by prior infections and vaccinations. New antigenic variants have a substantial selective advantage at the population level, but these variants are rarely selected within-host, even in previously immune individuals. Using a mathematical model, we show that the temporal asynchrony between within-host virus exponential growth and antibody-mediated selection could limit within-host antigenic evolution. If selection for new antigenic variants acts principally at the point of initial virus inoculation, where small virus populations encounter well-matched mucosal antibodies in previously-infected individuals, there can exist protection against reinfection that does not regularly produce observable new antigenic variants within individual infected hosts. Our results provide a theoretical explanation for how virus antigenic evolution can be highly selective at the global level but nearly neutral within-host. They also suggest new avenues for improving influenza control.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Biological Evolution
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Models, Statistical
- Selection, Genetic/genetics
- Selection, Genetic/immunology
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Morris
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Velislava N Petrova
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fernando W Rossine
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Bryan T Grenfell
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Simon A Levin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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27
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Croft S, Wong YC, Smith SA, Flesch IEA, Tscharke DC. Surprisingly Effective Priming of CD8 + T Cells by Heat-Inactivated Vaccinia Virus Virions. J Virol 2020; 94:e01486-20. [PMID: 32759313 PMCID: PMC7527048 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01486-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust priming of CD8+ T cells by viruses is considered to require infection and de novo expression of viral antigens. A corollary of this is that inactivated viruses are thought of as being inevitably poor vaccines for eliciting these responses. In contrast to this dogma, we found that some antigens present in vaccinia virus (VACV) virions prime strong CD8+ T cell responses when the virus was rendered noninfectious by heat. More surprisingly, in some cases these responses were similar in magnitude to those primed by infectious virus administered at an equivalent dose. Next, we tested whether this was a special property of particular antigens and their epitopes and found that foreign epitopes tagged onto three different VACV virion proteins were able to elicit CD8+ T cell responses irrespective of whether the virus was viable or heat killed. Further, the polyfunctionality and cytotoxic ability of the CD8+ T cells primed by these VACVs was equivalent irrespective of whether they were administered to mice as inactivated or live viruses. Finally, we used these VACVs in prime-boost combinations of inactivated and live virus and found that priming with dead virus before a live booster was the most immunogenic regime. We conclude that VACV virions can be efficient vectors for targeting antigens to dendritic cells for effective priming of CD8+ T cells, even when rendered noninfectious and speculate that this might also be the case for other viruses.IMPORTANCE The design of viral vectored vaccines is often considered to require a trade-off between efficacy and safety. This is especially the case for vaccines that aim to induce killer (CD8+) T cells, where there is a well-established dogma that links infection in vaccinated individuals with effective induction of immunity. However, we found that some proteins of vaccinia virus generate strong CD8+ T cell responses even when the virus preparation was inactivated by heat prior to administration as a vaccine. We took advantage of this finding by engineering a new vaccine vector virus that could be used as an inactivated vaccine. These results suggest that vaccinia virus may be a more versatile vaccine vector than previously appreciated and that in some instances safety can be prioritized by the complete elimination of viral replication without a proportional loss of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Croft
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stewart A Smith
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Inge E A Flesch
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - David C Tscharke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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28
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Yu F, Xiang R, Deng X, Wang L, Yu Z, Tian S, Liang R, Li Y, Ying T, Jiang S. Receptor-binding domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:212. [PMID: 32963228 PMCID: PMC7506210 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, have posed severe threats to global public health and the economy. Treatment and prevention of these viral diseases call for the research and development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMAbs). Scientists have screened neutralizing antibodies using the virus receptor-binding domain (RBD) as an antigen, indicating that RBD contains multiple conformational neutralizing epitopes, which are the main structural domains for inducing neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses. This review summarizes the structure and function of RBD and RBD-specific NMAbs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 currently under development.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Virion/immunology
- Virion/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shijun Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanbai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Since infectious diseases, particularly viral infections, have threatened human health and caused huge economical losses globally, a rapid, sensitive, and selective virus detection platform is highly demanded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with flat solid substrates has been dominantly used in detecting whole viruses for its straightforwardness and simplicity in assay protocols, but it often suffers from limited sensitivity, poor quantification range, and a time-consuming assay procedure. Here, a lipid-nanopillar-array-based immunosorbent assay (LNAIA) is developed with a nanopillar-supported lipid bilayer substrate with fluorophore-modified antibodies for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of viruses. 3D nanopillar array structures and fluid antibodies with fluorophores facilitate faster and efficient target binding and rapid fluorophore localization for quick, reliable analysis on binding events with a conventional fluorescence microscopy setup. LNAIA enables quantification of H1N1 virus that targets down to 150 virus particles with 5-orders-of-magnitude dynamic range within 25 min, which cannot be achieved with conventional ELISA platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junhyoung Ahn
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - JaeJong Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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30
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Kim J, Kim S, Ahn J, Lee J, Nam JM. A Lipid-Nanopillar-Array-Based Immunosorbent Assay. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001360. [PMID: 32449217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since infectious diseases, particularly viral infections, have threatened human health and caused huge economical losses globally, a rapid, sensitive, and selective virus detection platform is highly demanded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with flat solid substrates has been dominantly used in detecting whole viruses for its straightforwardness and simplicity in assay protocols, but it often suffers from limited sensitivity, poor quantification range, and a time-consuming assay procedure. Here, a lipid-nanopillar-array-based immunosorbent assay (LNAIA) is developed with a nanopillar-supported lipid bilayer substrate with fluorophore-modified antibodies for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of viruses. 3D nanopillar array structures and fluid antibodies with fluorophores facilitate faster and efficient target binding and rapid fluorophore localization for quick, reliable analysis on binding events with a conventional fluorescence microscopy setup. LNAIA enables quantification of H1N1 virus that targets down to 150 virus particles with 5-orders-of-magnitude dynamic range within 25 min, which cannot be achieved with conventional ELISA platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junhyoung Ahn
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - JaeJong Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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31
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Sharma J, Shepardson K, Johns LL, Wellham J, Avera J, Schwarz B, Rynda-Apple A, Douglas T. A Self-Adjuvanted, Modular, Antigenic VLP for Rapid Response to Influenza Virus Variability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:18211-18224. [PMID: 32233444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous evolution of influenza A virus (IAV) requires the influenza vaccine formulations to be updated annually to provide adequate protection. Recombinant protein-based vaccines provide safer, faster, and a more scalable alternative to the conventional embryonated egg approach for developing vaccines. However, these vaccines are typically poorer in immunogenicity than the vaccines containing inactivated or attenuated influenza viruses and require administration of a large antigen dosage together with potent adjuvants. The presentation of protein antigens on the surface of virus-like particles (VLP) provides an attractive strategy to rapidly induce stronger antigen-specific immune responses. Here we have examined the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of P22 VLPs conjugated with multiple copies of the globular head domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein from the PR8 strain of IAV in a murine model of influenza pathogenesis. Using a covalent attachment strategy (SpyTag/SpyCatcher), we conjugated the HA globular head, which was recombinantly expressed in a genetically modified E. coli strain and found to refold as a monomer, to preassembled P22 VLPs. Immunization of mice with this P22-HAhead conjugate provided full protection from morbidity and mortality following infection with a homologous IAV strain. Moreover, the P22-HAhead conjugate also elicited an accelerated and enhanced HA head specific IgG response, which was significantly higher than the soluble HA head, or the admixture of P22 and HA head without the need for adjuvants. Thus, our results show that the HA head can be easily prepared by in vitro refolding in a modified E. coli strain, maintaining its intact structure and enabling the induction of a strong immune response when conjugated to P22 VLPs, even when presented as a monomer. These results also demonstrate that the P22 VLPs can be rapidly modified in a modular fashion, resulting in an effective vaccine construct that can generate protective immunity without the need for additional adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kelly Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Laura L Johns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Julia Wellham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - John Avera
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Matrivax Research and Development Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United Sates
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Agnieszka Rynda-Apple
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Storni F, Zeltins A, Balke I, Heath MD, Kramer MF, Skinner MA, Zha L, Roesti E, Engeroff P, Muri L, von Werdt D, Gruber T, Cragg M, Mlynarczyk M, Kündig TM, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. Vaccine against peanut allergy based on engineered virus-like particles displaying single major peanut allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1240-1253.e3. [PMID: 31866435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is a severe and increasingly frequent disease with high medical, psychosocial, and economic burden for affected patients and wider society. A causal, safe, and effective therapy is not yet available. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop an immunogenic, protective, and nonreactogenic vaccine candidate against peanut allergy based on virus-like particles (VLPs) coupled to single peanut allergens. METHODS To generate vaccine candidates, extracts of roasted peanut (Ara R) or the single allergens Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 were coupled to immunologically optimized Cucumber Mosaic Virus-derived VLPs (CuMVtt). BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with peanut extract absorbed to alum. Immunotherapy consisted of a single subcutaneous injection of CuMVtt coupled to Ara R, Ara h 1, or Ara h 2. RESULTS The vaccines CuMVtt-Ara R, CuMVtt-Ara h 1, and CuMVtt-Ara h 2 protected peanut-sensitized mice against anaphylaxis after intravenous challenge with the whole peanut extract. Vaccines did not cause allergic reactions in sensitized mice. CuMVtt-Ara h 1 was able to induce specific IgG antibodies, diminished local reactions after skin prick tests, and reduced the infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract by eosinophils and mast cells after oral challenge with peanut. The ability of CuMVtt-Ara h 1 to protect against challenge with the whole extract was mediated by IgG, as shown via passive IgG transfer. FcγRIIb was required for protection, indicating that immune complexes with single allergens were able to block the allergic response against the whole extract, consisting of a complex allergen mixture. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that vaccination using single peanut allergens displayed on CuMVtt may represent a novel therapy against peanut allergy with a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Storni
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Center of Anhui Agricultural Center, Anhui, China
| | - Elisa Roesti
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego von Werdt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas M Kündig
- Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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33
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Lu M, Zhang Z, Xue M, Zhao BS, Harder O, Li A, Liang X, Gao TZ, Xu Y, Zhou J, Feng Z, Niewiesk S, Peeples ME, He C, Li J. N 6-methyladenosine modification enables viral RNA to escape recognition by RNA sensor RIG-I. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:584-598. [PMID: 32015498 PMCID: PMC7137398 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most common and abundant modifications of RNA. However, the biological roles of viral RNA m6A remain elusive. Here, using human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as a model, we demonstrate that m6A serves as a molecular marker for innate immune discrimination of self from non-self RNAs. We show that HMPV RNAs are m6A methylated and that viral m6A methylation promotes HMPV replication and gene expression. Inactivating m6A addition sites with synonymous mutations or demethylase resulted in m6A-deficient recombinant HMPVs and virion RNAs that induced increased expression of type I interferon, which was dependent on the cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I, and not on melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Mechanistically, m6A-deficient virion RNA induces higher expression of RIG-I, binds more efficiently to RIG-I and facilitates the conformational change of RIG-I, leading to enhanced interferon expression. Furthermore, m6A-deficient recombinant HMPVs triggered increased interferon in vivo and were attenuated in cotton rats but retained high immunogenicity. Collectively, our results highlight that (1) viruses acquire m6A in their RNA as a means of mimicking cellular RNA to avoid detection by innate immunity and (2) viral RNA m6A can serve as a target to attenuate HMPV for vaccine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miaoge Xue
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Boxuan Simen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia Harder
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anzhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xueya Liang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Z Gao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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34
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Rosário-Ferreira N, Preto AJ, Melo R, Moreira IS, Brito RMM. The Central Role of Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) in Influenza Biology and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1511. [PMID: 32098424 PMCID: PMC7073157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza (flu) is a contagious viral disease, which targets the human respiratory tract and spreads throughout the world each year. Every year, influenza infects around 10% of the world population and between 290,000 and 650,000 people die from it according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a negative sense eight-segment single-stranded RNA genome that encodes 11 different proteins. The only control over influenza seasonal epidemic outbreaks around the world are vaccines, annually updated according to viral strains in circulation, but, because of high rates of mutation and recurrent genetic assortment, new viral strains of influenza are constantly emerging, increasing the likelihood of pandemics. Vaccination effectiveness is limited, calling for new preventive and therapeutic approaches and a better understanding of the virus-host interactions. In particular, grasping the role of influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and related known interactions in the host cell is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms of virus infection and replication, and thus propose more effective antiviral approaches. In this review, we assess the structure of NS1, its dynamics, and multiple functions and interactions, to highlight the central role of this protein in viral biology and its potential use as an effective therapeutic target to tackle seasonal and pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícia Rosário-Ferreira
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology. University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António J. Preto
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology. University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Rita Melo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology. University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology. University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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He M, Xu L, Zheng Q, Zhu R, Yin Z, Zha Z, Lin Y, Yang L, Huang Y, Ye X, Li S, Hou W, Wu Y, Han J, Liu D, Li Z, Chen Z, Yu H, Que Y, Wang Y, Yan X, Zhang J, Gu Y, Zhou ZH, Cheng T, Li S, Xia N. Identification of Antibodies with Non-overlapping Neutralization Sites that Target Coxsackievirus A16. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:249-261.e5. [PMID: 32027857 PMCID: PMC7539366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common childhood illness primarily caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), for which there are no current vaccines or treatments. We identify three CVA16-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) with therapeutic potential: 18A7, 14B10, and NA9D7. We present atomic structures of these nAbs bound to all three viral particle forms-the mature virion, A-particle, and empty particle-and show that each Fab can simultaneously occupy the mature virion. Additionally, 14B10 or NA9D7 provide 100% protection against lethal CVA16 infection in a neonatal mouse model. 18A7 binds to a non-conserved epitope present in all three particles, whereas 14B10 and NA9D7 recognize broad protective epitopes but only bind the mature virion. NA9D7 targets an immunodominant site, which may overlap the receptor-binding site. These findings indicate that CVA16 vaccines should be based on mature virions and that these antibodies could be used to discriminate optimal virion-based immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenghui Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lisheng Yang
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wangheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yangtao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinle Han
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zekai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuqiong Que
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0378, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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36
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Wang C, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles and Empty Virus-Like Particles Show Distinct but Overlapping Immunostimulatory Properties. J Virol 2019; 93:e00129-19. [PMID: 31375592 PMCID: PMC6803287 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that has been developed for multiple biomedical and nanotechnology applications, including immunotherapy. Two key platforms are available: virus nanoparticles (VNPs) based on the complete CMPV virion, including the genomic RNA, and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) based on the empty CPMV (eCPMV) virion. It is unclear whether these platforms differ in terms of immunotherapeutic potential. We therefore compared their physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities following in situ vaccination of an aggressive ovarian tumor mouse model (ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A). In physicochemical terms, CPMV and eCPMV were very similar, and both significantly increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice and showed promising antitumor efficacy. However, they demonstrated distinct yet overlapping immunostimulatory effects due to the presence of virus RNA in wild-type particles, indicating their suitability for different immunotherapeutic strategies. Specifically, we found that the formulations had similar effects on most secreted cytokines and immune cells, but the RNA-containing CPMV particles were uniquely able to boost populations of potent antigen-presenting cells, such as tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and activated dendritic cells. Our results will facilitate the development of CPMV and eCPMV as immunotherapeutic vaccine platforms with tailored responses.IMPORTANCE The engagement of antiviral effector responses caused by viral infection is essential when using viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) as an immunotherapeutic agent. Here, we compare the chemophysical and immunostimulatory properties of wild-type cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) (RNA containing) and eCPMV (RNA-free VLPs) produced from two expression systems (agrobacterium-based plant expression system and baculovirus-insect cell expression). CPMV and eCPMV could each be developed as novel adjuvants to overcome immunosuppression and thus promote tumor regression in ovarian cancer (and other tumor types). To our knowledge, this is the first study to define the immunotherapeutic differences between CPMV and eCPMV, which is essential for the further development of biomedical applications for plant viruses and the selection of rational combinations of immunomodulatory reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ding P, Jin Q, Chen X, Yang S, Guo J, Xing G, Deng R, Wang A, Zhang G. Nanovaccine Confers Dual Protection Against Influenza A Virus And Porcine Circovirus Type 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7533-7548. [PMID: 31571862 PMCID: PMC6754344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza A virus (IAV) is known for its high variability and poses a huge threat to the health of humans and animals. Pigs play a central role in the cross-species reassortment of IAV. Ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is the most conserved protective antigen in IAV and can be used to develop nanovaccines through nanoparticles displaying to increase its immunogenicity. However, the high immunogenicity of nanoparticles can cause the risk of off-target immune response, and excess unwanted antibodies may interfere with the protective efficacy of M2e-specific antibodies. Therefore, it is necessary to select reasonable nanoparticles to make full use of antibodies against nanoparticles while increasing the level of M2e-specific antibodies. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most susceptible virus in pigs and can promote IAV infection. It is meaningful to develop a vaccine that can simultaneously control swine influenza virus (SIV) and PCV2. METHODS In the present study, M2e of different copy numbers were inserted into the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 and expressed in Escherichia coli to form self-assembled chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) nanovaccine. BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized with these nanovaccines to explore optimal anti-IAV and anti-PCV2 immunity. RESULTS Cap is capable of carrying at least 81 amino acid residues (three copies of M2e) at its C-terminal without impairing VLPs formation. Cap-3M2e VLPs induced the highest levels of M2e-specific immune responses, conferring protection against lethal challenge of IAVs from different species and induced specific immune responses consistent with PCV2 commercial vaccines in mice. In addition, Cap-3M2e VLPs induced high levels of M2e-specific antibodies and PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies in pigs. CONCLUSION Cap-3M2e VLP is an economical and promising bivalent nanovaccine, which provides dual protection against IAV and PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Ding
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Antibodies have been shown to hinder the movement of herpes simplex virus virions in cervicovaginal mucus, as well as other viruses in other mucus secretions. However, it has not been possible to directly observe the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, so the nature of virion-antibody-mucin interactions remain poorly understood. In this work, we analyzed thousands of virion traces from single particle tracking experiments to explicate how antibodies must cooperate to immobilize virions for relatively long time periods. First, using a clustering analysis, we observed a clear separation between two classes of virion behavior: freely diffusing and immobilized. While the proportion of freely diffusing virions decreased with antibody concentration, the magnitude of their diffusivity did not, implying an all-or-nothing dichotomy in the pathwise effect of the antibodies. Proceeding under the assumption that all binding events are reversible, we used a novel switch-point detection method to conclude that there are very few, if any, state switches on the experimental timescale of 20 s. To understand this slow state switching, we analyzed a recently proposed continuous-time Markov chain model for binding kinetics and virion movement. Model analysis implied that virion immobilization requires cooperation by multiple antibodies that are simultaneously bound to the virion and mucin matrix and that there is an entanglement phenomenon that accelerates antibody-mucin binding when a virion is immobilized. In addition to developing a widely applicable framework for analyzing multistate particle behavior, this work substantially enhances our mechanistic understanding of how antibodies can reinforce a mucus barrier against passive invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Jensen
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott A McKinley
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Mejido DCP, de Oliveira JM, Gaspar AMC, Gardinali NR, Bottino FDO, de Carvalho LG, Lopes dos Santos DR, Kevorkian YB, Xavier LL, Moran J, Pelajo-Machado M, Marchevsky RS, Pinto MA. Evidences of HEV genotype 3 persistence and reactivity in liver parenchyma from experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218472. [PMID: 31211801 PMCID: PMC6581283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, responsible for sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E worldwide. Primate models have proven to be an essential tool for the study of HEV pathogenesis. Here we describe the outcomes of HEV infection in Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus) inoculated experimentally with genotype 3. Eight adult cynomolgus macaques were inoculated intravenously with HEV-3 viral particles isolated from swine and human samples. Liver, spleen, duodenum, gallbladder and bile were sequential assessed up to the end-point of this study, 67 days post-inoculation (dpi). Our previously published findings showed that biochemical parameters return gradually to baseline levels at 55 dpi, whereas anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA become undetectable in the serum and feces of all animals, indicating a non-viremic phase of recovery. Nevertheless, at a later stage during convalescence (67 dpi), the presence of HEV-3 RNA and antigen persist in central organs, even after peripheral viral clearance. Our results show that two cynomolgus inoculated with swine HEV-3 (animals I3 and O1) presented persistence of HEV RNA low titers in liver, gallbladder and bile. At this same stage of infection, HEV antigen (HEV Ag) could be detected in all infected animals, predominantly in non-reactive Kupffer cells (CD68+iNOS-) and sinusoidal lining cells. Simultaneously, CD4+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ immune cells were identified in hepatic sinusoids and small inflammatory clusters of lobular mononuclear cells, at the end-point of this study. Inability of HEV clearance in humans can result in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, with subsequent liver failure requiring transplantation. The results of our study support the persistence of HEV-3 during convalescence at 67 dpi, with active immune response in NHP. We alert to the inherent risk of viral transmission through liver transplantation, even in the absence of clinical and biochemical signs of acute infection. Thus, besides checking conventional serological markers of HEV infection, we strongly recommend HEV-3 RNA and antigen detection in liver explants as public health measure to prevent donor-recipient transmission and spread of hepatitis E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chaves Pereira Mejido
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Noemi Rovaris Gardinali
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Bottino
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Debora Regina Lopes dos Santos
- Departament of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Yohan Brito Kevorkian
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leandro Layter Xavier
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Julio Moran
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Renato Sergio Marchevsky
- Laboratory of Control of Neurovirulence, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Gonelli CA, Khoury G, Center RJ, Purcell DFJ. HIV-1-based Virus-like Particles that Morphologically Resemble Mature, Infectious HIV-1 Virions. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060507. [PMID: 31159488 PMCID: PMC6630479 DOI: 10.3390/v11060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A prophylactic vaccine eliciting both broad neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and strong T cell responses would be optimal for preventing HIV-1 transmissions. Replication incompetent HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) offer the opportunity to present authentic-structured, virion-associated Env to elicit bNAbs, and also stimulate T cell responses. Here, we optimize our DNA vaccine plasmids as VLP expression vectors for efficient Env incorporation and budding. The original vector that was used in human trials inefficiently produced VLPs, but maximized safety by inactivating RNA genome packaging, enzyme functions that are required for integration into the host genome, and deleting accessory proteins Vif, Vpr, and Nef. These original DNA vaccine vectors generated VLPs with incomplete protease-mediated cleavage of Gag and were irregularly sized. Mutations to restore function within the defective genes revealed that several of the reverse transcriptase (RT) deletions mediated this immature phenotype. Here, we made efficient budding, protease-processed, and mature-form VLPs that resembled infectious virions by introducing alternative mutations that completely removed the RT domain, but preserved most other safety mutations. These VLPs, either expressed from DNA vectors in vivo or purified after expression in vitro, are potentially useful immunogens that can be used to elicit antibody responses that target Env on fully infectious HIV-1 virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Gonelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Georges Khoury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Rob J Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Viral Entry and Vaccines Laboratory, Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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41
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Knierim D, Menzel W, Winter S. Immunocapture of virions with virus-specific antibodies prior to high-throughput sequencing effectively enriches for virus-specific sequences. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216713. [PMID: 31071169 PMCID: PMC6542260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus discovery based on high-throughput sequencing relies on enrichment for virus sequences prior to library preparation to achieve a sufficient number of viral reads. In general, preparations of double-stranded RNA or total RNA preparations treated to remove rRNA are used for sequence enrichment. We used virus-specific antibodies to immunocapture virions from plant sap to conduct cDNA synthesis, followed by library preparation and HTS. For the four potato viruses PLRV, PVY, PVA and PYV, template preparation by virion immunocapture provided a simpler and less expensive method than the enrichment of total RNA by ribosomal depletion. Specific enrichment of viral sequences without an intermediate amplification step was achieved, and this high coverage of sequences across the viral genomes was important to identify rare sequence variations. Using this approach, the first complete genome sequence of a potato yellowing virus isolate (PYV, DSMZ PV-0706) was determined in this study. PYV can be confidently assigned as a distinct species in the genus Ilarvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Knierim
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms
and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig,
Germany
| | - Wulf Menzel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms
and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig,
Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephan Winter
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms
and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig,
Germany
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42
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Wu CY, Yu SL, Chen YT, Chen YH, Hsiao PW, Chow YH, Chen JR. The mature EV71 virion induced a broadly cross-neutralizing VP1 antibody against subtypes of the EV71 virus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210553. [PMID: 30650163 PMCID: PMC6334917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a neurological virus causing life-threatening diseases in young children and infants. Although EV71 vaccines in development have presented promising results in several clinical trials, the identified key antigen for improving the broad protective efficacy of EV71 vaccines has not been well investigated. In this report, we show that different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of the B4(E59) virus significantly affect EV71 vaccine production in a serum-free microcarrier bioreactor system. The antigens produced from high MOIs of 10−1 and 10−2 exhibited higher yield and more infectious full particle (FP) contents in the EV71 vaccines than those produced with low MOIs of 10−4 and 10−6, leading to better cross-neutralizing efficacy. The C4(E36) neutralization results showed that only antisera raised from EV71 FPs provided substantial neutralizing titers against C4(E36), whereas empty particles (EPs) of EV71 conferred no efficacy. Competitive ELISA showed that anti-FP mainly binds to FPs and that 20% of antibodies bind to EPs, whereas most anti-EP binds EPs, with only 10% antibodies binding to FPs. VP1-adsorbed anti-FP lost most of the virus neutralization efficiency, suggesting that the VP1 subunit of FP is the major immunogenic antigen determining the ability of the EV71 vaccine to elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies against EV71 virus subtypes. These findings demonstrate that the high-MOI production approach is significantly correlated with FP productivity, thereby improving the cross-neutralization efficacy of an EV71 vaccine and providing the basis for a better vaccine design against widespread EV71 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Ling Yu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Juine-Ruey Chen); (Yen-Hung Chow)
| | - Juine-Ruey Chen
- Adimmune Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Juine-Ruey Chen); (Yen-Hung Chow)
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43
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Carravilla P, Chojnacki J, Rujas E, Insausti S, Largo E, Waithe D, Apellaniz B, Sicard T, Julien JP, Eggeling C, Nieva JL. Molecular recognition of the native HIV-1 MPER revealed by STED microscopy of single virions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30622256 PMCID: PMC6325134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against the Membrane-Proximal External Region (MPER) of the Env gp41 subunit neutralize HIV-1 with exceptional breadth and potency. Due to the lack of knowledge on the MPER native structure and accessibility, different and exclusive models have been proposed for the molecular mechanism of MPER recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, accessibility of antibodies to the native Env MPER on single virions has been addressed through STED microscopy. STED imaging of fluorescently labeled Fabs reveals a common pattern of native Env recognition for HIV-1 antibodies targeting MPER or the surface subunit gp120. In the case of anti-MPER antibodies, the process evolves with extra contribution of interactions with the viral lipid membrane to binding specificity. Our data provide biophysical insights into the recognition of the potent and broadly neutralizing MPER epitope on HIV virions, and as such is of importance for the design of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jakub Chojnacki
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Edurne Rujas
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Insausti
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eneko Largo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dominic Waithe
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Beatriz Apellaniz
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Institute of Applied Optics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - José L Nieva
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) pseudoparticles (HCVpp) are generated by cotransfection of HCV envelope (E1 and E2) genes along with a retroviral packaging/reporter construct into HEK293T cells. Enveloped particles bearing HCV E1E2 proteins on their surface are released through a retroviral budding process into the supernatant. Viral E1E2 glycoproteins facilitate a single round of receptor-mediated entry of HCVpp into hepatoma cells, which can be quantified by reporter gene expression. These HCVpp have been employed to study mechanisms of HCV entry into hepatoma cells, as well as HCV neutralization by immune sera or HCV-specific monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Bailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven K H Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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45
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Warfield KL, Howell KA, Vu H, Geisbert J, Wong G, Shulenin S, Sproule S, Holtsberg FW, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Swenson DL, Bavari S, Kobinger GP, Geisbert TW, Aman MJ. Role of Antibodies in Protection Against Ebola Virus in Nonhuman Primates Immunized With Three Vaccine Platforms. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S553-S564. [PMID: 29939318 PMCID: PMC6249597 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several vaccine platforms have been successfully evaluated for prevention of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) in nonhuman primates and humans. Despite remarkable efficacy by multiple vaccines, the immunological correlates of protection against EVD are incompletely understood. Methods We systematically evaluated the antibody response to various EBOV proteins in 79 nonhuman primates vaccinated with various EBOV vaccine platforms. We evaluated the serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers against EBOV glycoprotein (GP), the ability of the vaccine-induced antibodies to bind GP at acidic pH or to displace ZMapp, and virus neutralization titers. The correlation of these outcomes with survival from EVD was evaluated by appropriate statistical methods. Results Irrespective of the vaccine platform, protection from EVD strongly correlated with anti-GP IgG titers. The GP-directed antibody levels required for protection in animals vaccinated with virus-like particles (VLPs) lacking nucleoprotein (NP) was significantly higher than animals immunized with NP-containing VLPs or adenovirus-expressed GP, platforms that induce strong T-cell responses. Furthermore, protective immune responses correlated with anti-GP antibody binding strength at acidic pH, neutralization of GP-expressing pseudovirions, and the ability to displace ZMapp components from GP. Conclusions These findings suggest key quantitative and qualitative attributes of antibody response to EVD vaccines as potential correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Vu
- Integrated BioTherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | | | | | - Daisy W Leung
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dana L Swenson
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sina Bavari
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland
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Zhu L, Hu X, Kumar D, Chen F, Feng Y, Zhu M, Liang Z, Huang L, Yu L, Xu J, Xue R, Cao G, Gong C. Both ganglioside GM2 and cholesterol in the cell membrane are essential for Bombyx mori cypovirus cell entry. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 88:161-168. [PMID: 30031014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) enters permissive cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. However, the distinct entry mechanism for BmCPV is still ambiguous. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of gangliosides and cholesterol in BmCPV cell entry. The number of BmCPV virions attached to the cell surface and the expression level of BmCPV vp1 gene was significantly decreased by digestion of terminal sialic acids in gangliosides with neuraminidase (NA). Preincubation of different concentration of ganglioside GM1, GM2 or GM3 with BmCPV prior to infection, the reduction of BmCPV infectivity was found by GM2-treated in a dose-depend manner. BmCPV virions were found to colocalize with GM2 in the cell surface. The infectivity of BmCPV was reduced by anti-GM2 antibody treatment cells. Moreover, BmCPV infection was impaired by depletion of membrane cholesterol with MβCD, but the inhibitory effect of MβCD was restored by supplementing with cholesterol. The number of viral particles attached on the BmN cells was significantly decreased by pretreated with MβCD, and BmCPV infection was inhibited by silencing the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (Hmg-r) in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. These results indicate that ganglioside GM2 and cholesterol in membrane lipid rafts are essential for BmCPV attachment to cell surface for its cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongjie Feng
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lixu Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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47
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Wang Y, Shan Y, Gao X, Gong R, Zheng J, Zhang XD, Zhao Q. Screening and expressing HIV-1 specific antibody fragments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:279-285. [PMID: 30342371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeast displaying techniques have been widely used for identifying novel single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and engineering their binding properties. In this study, we establish a set of vectors for scFv screening and production in the yeast system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This suite includes a display vector pYS for screening of recombinant scFv libraries as well as an expression vector pYE for production of scFv candidates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The display vector, pYS, give the identification of the HIV-1-specific scFv clones from one scFv display library by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Subsequently, the expression vector pYE can offer high quality scFvs of interest up to hundreds of microgram scale for bioactivity analysis. As the result, one identified scFv was confirmed to exhibit HIV-1 neutralization activity in a cell line-based pseudovirus assay. The advantage of this system enables the identical post-translation of mammalian scFvs in the same host cells. Therefore, this vector set can be useful for the rapid screening and expression of antibody genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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48
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Zhu R, Xu L, Zheng Q, Cui Y, Li S, He M, Yin Z, Liu D, Li S, Li Z, Chen Z, Yu H, Que Y, Liu C, Kong Z, Zhang J, Baker TS, Yan X, Hong Zhou Z, Cheng T, Xia N. Discovery and structural characterization of a therapeutic antibody against coxsackievirus A10. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat7459. [PMID: 30255146 PMCID: PMC6155056 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) recently emerged as a major pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpangina in children worldwide, and lack of a vaccine or a cure against CVA10 infections has made therapeutic antibody identification a public health priority. By targeting a local isolate, CVA10-FJ-01, we obtained a potent antibody, 2G8, against all three capsid forms of CVA10. We show that 2G8 exhibited both 100% preventive and 100% therapeutic efficacy against CVA10 infection in mice. Comparisons of the near-atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of the three forms of CVA10 capsid and their complexes with 2G8 Fab reveal that a single Fab binds a border region across the three capsid proteins (VP1 to VP3) and explain 2G8's remarkable cross-reactivities against all three capsid forms. The atomic structures of this first neutralizing antibody of CVA10 should inform strategies for designing vaccines and therapeutics against CVA10 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Maozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Zizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiong Que
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Timothy S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0378, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0378, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
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Sinigaglia L, Gracias S, Décembre E, Fritz M, Bruni D, Smith N, Herbeuval JP, Martin A, Dreux M, Tangy F, Jouvenet N. Immature particles and capsid-free viral RNA produced by Yellow fever virus-infected cells stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to secrete interferons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10889. [PMID: 30022130 PMCID: PMC6052170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in the production of interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infections. The Flaviviridae family comprises enveloped RNA viruses such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Dengue virus (DENV). Cell-free flaviviridae virions poorly stimulate pDCs to produce IFN. By contrast, cells infected with HCV and DENV potently stimulate pDCs via short-range delivery of viral RNAs, which are either packaged within immature virions or secreted exosomes. We report that cells infected with Yellow fever virus (YFV), the prototypical flavivirus, stimulated pDCs to produce IFNs in a TLR7- and cell contact- dependent manner. Such stimulation was unaffected by the presence of YFV neutralizing antibodies. As reported for DENV, cells producing immature YFV particles were more potent at stimulating pDCs than cells releasing mature virions. Additionally, cells replicating a release-deficient YFV mutant or a YFV subgenomic RNA lacking structural protein-coding sequences participated in pDC stimulation. Thus, viral RNAs produced by YFV-infected cells reach pDCs via at least two mechanisms: within immature particles and as capsid-free RNAs. Our work highlights the ability of pDCs to respond to a variety of viral RNA-laden carriers generated from infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sinigaglia
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Décembre
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Fritz
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Bruni
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, UMR8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, UMR8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Annette Martin
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Dreux
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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50
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Shin YC, Bischof GF, Lauer WA, Gonzalez-Nieto L, Rakasz EG, Hendricks GM, Watkins DI, Martins MA, Desrosiers RC. A recombinant herpesviral vector containing a near-full-length SIVmac239 genome produces SIV particles and elicits immune responses to all nine SIV gene products. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007143. [PMID: 29912986 PMCID: PMC6023237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pose serious difficulties for the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. Here we describe the construction and characterization of recombinant (r), replication-competent forms of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a gamma-2 herpesvirus, containing a near-full-length (nfl) genome of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). A 306-nucleotide deletion in the pol gene rendered this nfl genome replication-incompetent as a consequence of deletion of the active site of the essential reverse transcriptase enzyme. Three variations were constructed to drive expression of the SIV proteins: one with SIV’s own promoter region, one with a cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early promoter/enhancer region, and one with an RRV dual promoter (p26 plus PAN). Following infection of rhesus fibroblasts in culture with these rRRV vectors, synthesis of the early protein Nef and the late structural proteins Gag and Env could be demonstrated. Expression levels of the SIV proteins were highest with the rRRV-SIVcmv-nfl construct. Electron microscopic examination of rhesus fibroblasts infected with rRRV-SIVcmv-nfl revealed numerous budding and mature SIV particles and these infected cells released impressive levels of p27 Gag protein (>150 ng/ml) into the cell-free supernatant. The released SIV particles were shown to be incompetent for replication. Monkeys inoculated with rRRV-SIVcmv-nfl became persistently infected, made readily-detectable antibodies against SIV, and developed T-cell responses against all nine SIV gene products. Thus, rRRV expressing a near-full-length SIV genome mimics live-attenuated strains of SIV in several important respects: the infection is persistent; >95% of the SIV proteome is naturally expressed; SIV particles are formed; and CD8+ T-cell responses are maintained indefinitely in an effector-differentiated state. Although the magnitude of anti-SIV immune responses in monkeys infected with rRRV-SIVcmv-nfl falls short of what is seen with live-attenuated SIV infection, further experimentation seems warranted. Given the magnitude and impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, development of a safe, effective vaccine against HIV remains a top priority for biomedical research. While live-attenuated strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have shown promise in monkey studies, concern for safety has limited efforts along these lines. In an attempt to mimic the epitope presentation, epitope coverage, and persistence of live attenuated SIV, we have generated recombinant strains of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV; a gamma-2 herpesvirus) containing a near-full-length genome of SIV. The near-full-length genome retains 96.7% of the coding capacity of SIV yet is incompetent for replication. Such recombinant RRV produces abundant SIV particles in infected cells in culture. Monkeys inoculated with one of these recombinant RRV strains became persistently infected, made readily detectable antibodies against the SIV envelope protein, and developed cellular immune responses to all nine SIV gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young C. Shin
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Georg F. Bischof
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - William A. Lauer
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eva G. Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Hendricks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mauricio A. Martins
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MAM); (RCD)
| | - Ronald C. Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MAM); (RCD)
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