1
|
Leveringhaus E, Poljakovic R, Herrmann G, Roman-Sosa G, Becher P, Postel A. Porcine low-density lipoprotein receptor plays an important role in classical swine fever virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2327385. [PMID: 38514916 PMCID: PMC10962300 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2327385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Several cellular factors have been reported to be required for replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. However, many steps of its replication cycle are still poorly understood. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is involved in cell entry and post-entry processes of different viruses including other members of the Flaviviridae. In this study, the relevance of LDLR in replication of CSFV and another porcine pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV), was investigated by antibody-mediated blocking of LDLR and genetically engineered porcine cell lines providing altered LDLR expression levels. An LDLR-specific antibody largely blocked infection with CSFV, but had only a minor impact on BuPV. Infections of the genetically modified cells confirmed an LDLR-dependent replication of CSFV. Compared to wild type cells, lower and higher expression of LDLR resulted in a 3.5-fold decrease or increase in viral titers already 20 h post infection. Viral titers were 25-fold increased in LDLR-overexpressing cells compared to cells with reduced LDLR expression at 72 h post infection. The varying LDLR expression levels had no clear effect on permissivity to BuPV. A decoy receptor assay using recombinant soluble LDLR provided no evidence that LDLR may function as a receptor for CSFV or BuPV. Differences in their dependency on LDLR suggest that CSFV and BuPV likely use different mechanisms to interact with their host cells. Moreover, this study reveals similarities in the replication cycles of CSFV and other members of the family Flaviviridae that are dependent on LDLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Leveringhaus
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robin Poljakovic
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gina Herrmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gleyder Roman-Sosa
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Postel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Praveen M. Characterizing the West Nile Virus's polyprotein from nucleotide sequence to protein structure - Computational tools. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:338-350. [PMID: 38304694 PMCID: PMC10831166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives West Nile virus (WNV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and causes West Nile fever. The mechanism of transmission involves the culex mosquito species. Infected individuals are primarily asymptomatic, and few exhibit common symptoms. Moreover, 10 % of neuronal infection caused by this virus cause death. The proteins encoded by these genes had been uncharacterized, although understanding their function and structure is important for formulating antiviral drugs. Methods Herein, we used in silico approaches, including various bioinformatic tools and databases, to analyse the proteins from the WNV polyprotein individually. The characterization included GC content, physicochemical properties, conserved domains, soluble and transmembrane regions, signal localization, protein disorder, and secondary structure features and their respective 3D protein structures. Results Among 11 proteins, eight had >50 % GC content, eight proteins had basic pI values, three proteins were unstable under in vitro conditions, four were thermostable according to >100 AI values and some had negative GRAVY values in physicochemical analyses. All protein-conserved domains were shared among Flaviviridae family members. Five proteins were soluble and lacked transmembrane regions. Two proteins had signals for localization in the host endoplasmic reticulum. Non-structural (NS) 2A showed low protein disorder. The secondary structural features and tertiary structure models provide a valuable biochemical resource for designing selective substrates and synthetic inhibitors. Conclusions WNV proteins NS2A, NS2B, PM, NS3 and NS5 can be used as drug targets for the pharmacological design of lead antiviral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallari Praveen
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Latanova A, Karpov V, Starodubova E. Extracellular Vesicles in Flaviviridae Pathogenesis: Their Roles in Viral Transmission, Immune Evasion, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2144. [PMID: 38396820 PMCID: PMC10889558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the Flaviviridae family are becoming an emerging threat for public health, causing an increasing number of infections each year and requiring effective treatment. The consequences of these infections can be severe and include liver inflammation with subsequent carcinogenesis, endothelial damage with hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, and, in some cases, death. The mechanisms of Flaviviridae pathogenesis are being actively investigated, but there are still many gaps in their understanding. Extracellular vesicles may play important roles in these mechanisms, and, therefore, this topic deserves detailed research. Recent data have revealed the involvement of extracellular vesicles in steps of Flaviviridae pathogenesis such as transmission, immune evasion, and inflammation, which is critical for disease establishment. This review covers recent papers on the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae and includes examples of clinical applications of the accumulated data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (E.S.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsishevskaya AA, Alkhireenko DA, Bayandin RB, Kartashov MY, Ternovoi VA, Gladysheva AV. Untranslated Regions of a Segmented Kindia Tick Virus Genome Are Highly Conserved and Contain Multiple Regulatory Elements for Viral Replication. Microorganisms 2024; 12:239. [PMID: 38399643 PMCID: PMC10893285 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel segmented tick-borne RNA viruses belonging to the group of Jingmenviruses (JMVs) are widespread across Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. In this work, we obtained whole-genome sequences of two Kindia tick virus (KITV) isolates and performed modeling and the functional annotation of the secondary structure of 5' and 3' UTRs from JMV and KITV viruses. UTRs of various KITV segments are characterized by the following points: (1) the polyadenylated 3' UTR; (2) 5' DAR and 3' DAR motifs; (3) a highly conserved 5'-CACAG-3' pentanucleotide; (4) a binding site of the La protein; (5) multiple UAG sites providing interactions with the MSI1 protein; (6) three homologous sequences in the 5' UTR and 3' UTR of segment 2; (7) the segment 2 3' UTR of a KITV/2017/1 isolate, which comprises two consecutive 40 nucleotide repeats forming a Y-3 structure; (8) a 35-nucleotide deletion in the second repeat of the segment 2 3' UTR of KITV/2018/1 and KITV/2018/2 isolates, leading to a modification of the Y-3 structure; (9) two pseudoknots in the segment 2 3' UTR; (10) the 5' UTR and 3' UTR being represented by patterns of conserved motifs; (11) the 5'-CAAGUG-3' sequence occurring in early UTR hairpins. Thus, we identified regulatory elements in the UTRs of KITV, which are characteristic of orthoflaviviruses. This suggests that they hold functional significance for the replication of JMVs and the evolutionary similarity between orthoflaviviruses and segmented flavi-like viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Tsishevskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Alkhireenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
- Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman B. Bayandin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Mikhail Yu. Kartashov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Vladimir A. Ternovoi
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Anastasia V. Gladysheva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia; (A.A.T.); (D.A.A.); (R.B.B.); (M.Y.K.); (V.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monath TP. Japanese Encephalitis: Risk of Emergence in the United States and the Resulting Impact. Viruses 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38257754 PMCID: PMC10820346 DOI: 10.3390/v16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family. JEV is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and is characterized by encephalitis, high lethality, and neurological sequelae in survivors. The virus also causes severe disease in swine, which are an amplifying host in the transmission cycle, and in horses. US agricultural authorities have recently recognized the threat to the swine industry and initiated preparedness activities. Other mosquito-borne viruses exotic to the Western Hemisphere have been introduced and established in recent years, including West Nile, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, and JEV has recently invaded continental Australia for the first time. These events amply illustrate the potential threat of JEV to US health security. Susceptible indigenous mosquito vectors, birds, feral and domestic pigs, and possibly bats, constitute the receptive ecological ingredients for the spread of JEV in the US. Fortunately, unlike the other virus invaders mentioned above, an inactivated whole virus JE vaccine (IXIARO®) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for human use in advance of a public health emergency, but there is no veterinary vaccine. This paper describes the risks and potential consequences of the introduction of JEV into the US, the need to integrate planning for such an event in public health policy, and the requirement for additional countermeasures, including antiviral drugs and an improved single dose vaccine that elicits durable immunity in both humans and livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Monath
- Quigley BioPharma LLC, 114 Water Tower Plaza No. 1042, Leominster, MA 01453, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parry RH, Slonchak A, Campbell LJ, Newton ND, Debat HJ, Gifford RJ, Khromykh AA. A novel tamanavirus ( Flaviviridae) of the European common frog ( Rana temporaria) from the UK. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001927. [PMID: 38059479 PMCID: PMC10770923 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavivirids are small, enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses from the family Flaviviridae with genomes of ~9-13 kb. Metatranscriptomic analyses of metazoan organisms have revealed a diversity of flavivirus-like or flavivirid viral sequences in fish and marine invertebrate groups. However, no flavivirus-like virus has been identified in amphibians. To remedy this, we investigated the virome of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) in the UK, utilizing high-throughput sequencing at six catch locations. De novo assembly revealed a coding-complete virus contig of a novel flavivirid ~11.2 kb in length. The virus encodes a single ORF of 3456 aa and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of 227 and 666 nt, respectively. We named this virus Rana tamanavirus (RaTV), as BLASTp analysis of the polyprotein showed the closest relationships to Tamana bat virus (TABV) and Cyclopterus lumpus virus from Pteronotus parnellii and Cyclopterus lumpus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the RaTV polyprotein compared to Flavivirus and Flavivirus-like members indicated that RaTV was sufficiently divergent and basal to the vertebrate Tamanavirus clade. In addition to the Mitcham strain, partial but divergent RaTV, sharing 95.64-97.39 % pairwise nucleotide identity, were also obtained from the Poole and Deal samples, indicating that RaTV is widespread in UK frog samples. Bioinformatic analyses of predicted secondary structures in the 3'UTR of RaTV showed the presence of an exoribonuclease-resistant RNA (xrRNA) structure standard in flaviviruses and TABV. To examine this biochemically, we conducted an in vitro Xrn1 digestion assay showing that RaTV probably forms a functional Xrn1-resistant xrRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys H. Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre (AIDRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lewis J. Campbell
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Natalee D. Newton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre (AIDRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Humberto J. Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina
| | | | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre (AIDRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- AIDRC Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Litov AG, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Kalyanova AS, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Rogova AA, Gmyl LV, Karganova GG. Viromes of Tabanids from Russia. Viruses 2023; 15:2368. [PMID: 38140608 PMCID: PMC10748123 DOI: 10.3390/v15122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have greatly enhanced our knowledge of virus biodiversity. Currently, the viromes of hematophagous invertebrates, such as mosquitoes and ixodid ticks, are being actively studied. Tabanidae (Diptera) are a widespread family, with members mostly known for their persistent hematophagous behavior. They transmit viral, bacterial, and other pathogens, both biologically and mechanically. However, tabanid viromes remain severely understudied. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to describe the viromes of several species in the Hybomitra, Tabanus, Chrysops, and Haematopota genera, which were collected in two distant parts of Russia: the Primorye Territory and Ryazan Region. We assembled fourteen full coding genomes of novel viruses, four partial coding genomes, as well as several fragmented viral sequences, which presumably belong to another twelve new viruses. All the discovered viruses were tested for their ability to replicate in mammalian porcine embryo kidney (PEK), tick HAE/CTVM8, and mosquito C6/36 cell lines. In total, 16 viruses were detected in at least one cell culture after three passages (for PEK and C6/36) or 3 weeks of persistence in HAE/CTVM8. However, in the majority of cases, qPCR showed a decline in virus load over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Anna S. Kalyanova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Rogova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo L, Li B, Han P, Dong N, Zhu Y, Li F, Si H, Shi Z, Wang B, Yang X, Zhang Y. Identification of a Novel Hepacivirus in Southeast Asian Shrew ( Crocidura fuliginosa) from Yunnan Province, China. Pathogens 2023; 12:1400. [PMID: 38133285 PMCID: PMC10745850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Hepacivirus contains single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae, which comprises 14 species. These 14 hepaciviruses have been found in different mammals, such as primates, dogs, bats, and rodents. To date, Hepacivirus has not been reported in the shrew genus of Crocidura. To study the prevalence and genetic evolution of Hepacivirus in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China, molecular detection of Hepacivirus in small mammals from Yunnan Province during 2016 and 2017 was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that the overall infection rate of Hepacivirus in small mammals was 0.12% (2/1602), and the host animal was the Southeast Asian shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa) (12.5%, 2/16). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that Hepacivirus had the highest viral RNA copy number in the liver. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hepaciviruses obtained in this study does not belong to any designated species of hepaciviruses and forms an independent clade. To conclude, a novel hepacivirus was identified for the first time in C. fuliginosa specimens from Yunnan Province, China. This study expands the host range and viral diversity of hepaciviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources Screening, Yunnan Province Key University Laboratory of Zoonoses Cross-Border Prevention and Quarantine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (L.G.); (P.H.); (N.D.); (F.L.)
- Chongqing Jiangbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Peiyu Han
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources Screening, Yunnan Province Key University Laboratory of Zoonoses Cross-Border Prevention and Quarantine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (L.G.); (P.H.); (N.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Na Dong
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources Screening, Yunnan Province Key University Laboratory of Zoonoses Cross-Border Prevention and Quarantine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (L.G.); (P.H.); (N.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fuli Li
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources Screening, Yunnan Province Key University Laboratory of Zoonoses Cross-Border Prevention and Quarantine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (L.G.); (P.H.); (N.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Haorui Si
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhengli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650023, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources Screening, Yunnan Province Key University Laboratory of Zoonoses Cross-Border Prevention and Quarantine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (L.G.); (P.H.); (N.D.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Z, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Lu K, Zhu W, Feng S, Qi J, Niu G. Jingmen tick virus: an emerging arbovirus with a global threat. mSphere 2023; 8:e0028123. [PMID: 37702505 PMCID: PMC10597410 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00281-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is a novel segmented RNA virus identified in 2014 in the Jingmen region of Hubei Province, China. Up to now, JMTV has been detected in a variety of countries or regions in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving a wide range of arthropods and mammals, and even humans. The JMTV genome is composed of four linear RNA segments, two of which are derived from flaviviruses, while the other two segments are unique to JMTV and has no matching virus. Currently, JMTV has been shown to have a pathogenic effect on humans. Humans who had been infected would develop viremia and variable degrees of clinical symptoms. However, the pathogenic mechanism of JMTV has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory studies of JMTV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Lu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs Port Out-Patient Department, Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Guoyu Niu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwasnik M, Rola J, Rozek W. Tick-Borne Encephalitis-Review of the Current Status. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6603. [PMID: 37892741 PMCID: PMC10607749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the arboviral etiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), considered to be one of the most important tick-borne viral diseases in Europe and Asia. In recent years, an increase in the incidence of TBE as well as an increasing geographical range of the disease have been noted. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of restrictions that it necessitated, the incidence of TBE is rising in more than half of the European countries analyzed in recent studies. The virus is transmitted between ticks, animals, and humans. It seems that ticks and small mammals play a role in maintaining TBEV in nature. The disease can also affect dogs, horses, cattle, and small ruminants. Humans are incidental hosts, infected through the bite of an infected tick or by the alimentary route, through the consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products from TBEV-infected animals. TBEV infections in humans may be asymptomatic, but the symptoms can range from mild flu-like to severe neurological. In Europe, cases of TBE are reported every year. While there is currently no effective treatment for TBE, immunization and protection against tick bites are critical in preventing this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kwasnik
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (J.R.); (W.R.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fellenberg J, Dubrau D, Isken O, Tautz N. Packaging defects in pestiviral NS4A can be compensated by mutations in NS2 and NS3. J Virol 2023; 97:e0057223. [PMID: 37695056 PMCID: PMC10537661 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00572-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-structural (NS) proteins of the Flaviviridae members play a dual role in genome replication and virion morphogenesis. For pestiviruses, like bovine viral diarrhea virus, the NS2-3 region and its processing by the NS2 autoprotease is of particular importance. While uncleaved NS2-3 in complex with NS4A is essential for virion assembly, it cannot replace free NS3/4A in the viral replicase. Furthermore, surface interactions between NS3 and the C-terminal cytosolic domain of NS4A were shown to serve as a molecular switch between RNA replication and virion morphogenesis. To further characterize the functionality of NS4A, we performed an alanine-scanning mutagenesis of two NS4A regions, a short highly conserved cytoplasmic linker downstream of the transmembrane domain and the C-terminal domain. NS4A residues critical for polyprotein processing, RNA replication, and/or virion morphogenesis were identified. Three double-alanine mutants, two in the linker region and one close to the C-terminus of NS4A, showed a selective effect on virion assembly. All three packaging defective mutants could be rescued by a selected set of two second-site mutations, located in NS2 and NS3, respectively. This phenotype was additionally confirmed by complementation studies providing the NS2-3/4A packaging molecules containing the rescue mutations in trans. This indicates that the linker region and the cytosolic C-terminal part of NS4A are critical for the formation of protein complexes required for virion morphogenesis. The ability of the identified sets of second-site mutations in NS2-3 to compensate for diverse NS4A defects highlights a surprising functional flexibility for pestiviral NS proteins. IMPORTANCE Positive-strand RNA viruses have a limited coding capacity due to their rather small genome size. To overcome this constraint, viral proteins often exhibit multiple functions that come into play at different stages during the viral replication cycle. The molecular basis for this multifunctionality is often unknown. For the bovine viral diarrhea virus, the non-structural protein (NS) 4A functions as an NS3 protease cofactor, a replicase building block, and a component in virion morphogenesis. Here, we identified the critical amino acids of its C-terminal cytosolic region involved in those processes and show that second-site mutations in NS2 and NS3 can compensate for diverse NS4A defects in virion morphogenesis. The ability to evolve alternative functional solutions by gain-of-function mutations highlights the astounding plasticity of the pestiviral system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fellenberg
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Danilo Dubrau
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Isken
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Tautz
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Souza Andrade A, Oliveira Campos S, Dias J, Campos MA, Kroon EG. Dengue virus 3 genotype I (GI) lineage 1 (L1) isolates elicit differential cytopathic effect with syncytium formation in human glioblastoma cells (U251). Virol J 2023; 20:204. [PMID: 37661255 PMCID: PMC10476378 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is a Flaviviridae member classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1, 2, 3, and 4) and further subdivided genotypes. DENV3 is subdivided into four or five genotypes, depending on the classification adopted. Despite their high genetic proximity, as revealed by phylogenetic complete polyprotein analysis, DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR showed different neurovirulence in mice models. Our group identified six amino acid mutations in protein E, including the E62K and E123Q, which may affect interactions of hydrophobic clusters on domain II, thus leading to the observed differences in the studied viruses. METHODS Human glioblastoma cells (U251) derived from a malignant glioblastoma tumor by explant technique were infected by the DENV3 GIL1 isolates DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR and analyzed by plaque assays and titration, optical, immunofluorescence, and transmission electronic microscopy. RESULTS The two isolates showed different cytopathic effects (CPE) and fusogenic patterns, further confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intense cytopathic effects in DENV3 MG-20 infected U251 cells, displaying endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophy and turgid vesicles with proteins and multiple viruses, distinct from DENV3 PV_BR infected cells. It is hypothesized that the different amino acids in the DENV3 MG-20 isolate are related to an increased membrane fusion ability in viral infection, thus facilitating immune system evasion and increased chances of central nervous system cell infection. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the biological differences between the isolates, which could be a critical factor in host-virus interaction and severe dengue development. Our study presents comparative results of highly similar isolates with the potential to generate more subsidies for a deeper understanding of the DENV pathogenesis. The neurotropism of the isolate DENV3 MG-20 (belonging to the DENV3 GI L1 genotype) showing infection of nervous system cells (U251) could contribute to understanding neurological dengue disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana de Souza Andrade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sofia Oliveira Campos
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jamile Dias
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Campos
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Latanova AA, Tuchinskaya KK, Starodubova ES, Karpov VL. [Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 3 Increases Secretion of Interleukin-lbeta in HEK293T Cells with a Reconstructed NLRP3 Inflammasome]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2023; 57:863-872. [PMID: 37752651 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898423050099, edn: rvpiuq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of diseases arising from infections by viruses of Flaviviridae is largely determined by the development of systemic inflammation. The cytokines interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 play a key role in triggering inflammation. Their secretion from cells, in its turn, is induced upon activation of inflammasomes. Activation of NLRP3 (NLR pyrin domain-containing family 3) inflammasomes was detected in cells infected with Flaviviridae. Some nonstructural proteins of these viruses have been shown to be able to activate or to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, in particular, through interaction with its components. In this study, a functional NLRP3 inflammasome was reconstructed in human HEK293T cells and the effect of some nonstructural proteins of individual Flaviviridae viruses on it was studied. This model did not reveal any impact of nonstructural NS1 proteins of the West Nile virus, NS3 of hepatitis C virus, or NS5 of tick-borne encephalitis virus on the inflammasome components content. At the same time, in the presence of the NS1 of the West Nile virus and NS5 of the tick-borne encephalitis virus, the level of secretion of interleukin-1beta did not change, whereas in the presence of the NS3 protein of the hepatitis C virus, it increased by 1.5 times. Thus, NS3 can be considered as one of the factors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - K K Tuchinskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108811 Russia
| | - E S Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V L Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Osawa T, Aoki M, Ehara H, Sekine SI. Structures of dengue virus RNA replicase complexes. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00470-7. [PMID: 37478848 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by dengue virus (DENV), a member of the flaviviruses. The DENV genome is a 5'-capped positive-sense RNA with a unique 5'-stem-loop structure (SLA), which is essential for RNA replication and 5' capping. The virus-encoded proteins NS5 and NS3 are responsible for viral genome replication, but the structural basis by which they cooperatively conduct the required tasks has remained unclear. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of SLA-bound NS5 (PC), NS3-bound PC (PC-NS3), and an RNA-elongating NS5-NS3 complex (EC). While SLA bridges the NS5 methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains in PC, the NS3 helicase domain displaces it in elongation complex (EC). The SLA- and NS3-binding sites overlap with that of human STAT2. These structures illuminate the key steps in DENV genome replication, namely, SLA-dependent replication initiation, processive RNA elongation, and 5' capping of the nascent genomic RNA, thereby providing foundations to combat flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Osawa
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mari Aoki
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ehara
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Sekine
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sewgobind S, McCracken F, Schilling M. JMM Profile: West Nile virus. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37459154 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is maintained in an enzootic cycle between avian hosts and mosquito vectors. Humans, horses and other mammals are susceptible to infection but are dead-end hosts due to a low viraemia. The disease can manifest itself in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms in people and horses from mild fever to severe encephalitis and morbidity. There are no vaccines licensed for human protection, but parts of Europe, North America, Africa and Australia have vaccines commercially available for horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sewgobind
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Fiona McCracken
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Günther A, Pohlmann A, Globig A, Ziegler U, Calvelage S, Keller M, Fischer D, Staubach C, Groschup M, Harder T, Beer M. Continuous surveillance of potentially zoonotic avian pathogens detects contemporaneous occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV H5) and flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) in several wild and captive birds. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2231561. [PMID: 37381816 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2231561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Three avian viral pathogens circulate in Germany with particular importance for animal disease surveillance due to their zoonotic potential, their impact on wild bird populations and/or poultry farms: Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) of subtype H5 (HPAIV H5), Usutu Virus (USUV), and West Nile Virus (WNV). Whereas HPAIV H5 has been mainly related to epizootic outbreaks in winter, the arthropod-borne viruses USUV and WNV have been detected more frequently during summer months corresponding to peak mosquito activity. Since 2021, tendencies of a potentially year-round, i.e. enzootic, status of HPAIV in Germany have raised concerns that Orthomyxoviruses (AIV) and Flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) may not only circulate in the same region, but also at the same time and in the same avian host range. In search of a host species group suitable for a combined surveillance approach for all mentioned pathogens, we retrospectively screened and summarized case reports, mainly provided by the respective German National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) from 2006-2021. Our dataset revealed an overlap of reported infections among nine avian genera. We identified raptors as a particularly affected host group, as the genera Accipiter, Bubo, Buteo, Falco and Strix represented five of the nine genera, and highlighted their role in passive surveillance. This study may provide a basis for broader, pan-European studies that could deepen our understanding of reservoir and vector species, as HPAIV, USUV and WNV are expected to further become established and/or spread in Europe in the future and thus improved surveillance measures are of high importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Günther
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anja Globig
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dominik Fischer
- Der Gruene Zoo Wuppertal, Hubertusallee 30, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christoph Staubach
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen N, Bai T, Wang S, Wang H, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhu Z. New Insights into the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1473. [PMID: 37374975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-strand RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD). BVDV's unique virion structure, genome, and replication mechanism in the Flaviviridae family render it a useful alternative model for evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral drugs used against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). As one of the most abundant and typical heat shock proteins, HSP70 plays an important role in viral infection caused by the family Flaviviridae and is considered a logical target of viral regulation in the context of immune escape. However, the mechanism of HSP70 in BVDV infection and the latest insights have not been reported in sufficient detail. In this review, we focus on the role and mechanisms of HSP70 in BVDV-infected animals/cells to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein for antiviral therapy during viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pattnaik S, Agrawal R, Murmu J, Kanungo S, Pati S. Does the rise in cases of Kyasanur forest disease call for the implementation of One Health in India? IJID Reg 2023; 7:18-21. [PMID: 36941826 PMCID: PMC10024134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The viral hemorrhagic illness known as Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), also referred to as monkey fever, is transmitted by ticks. The etiological agent, which was formerly isolated from monkeys, is Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV), an RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Since 1957, India has reported 400-500 cases annually, with a case fatality rate of 1-3%. Shiroma, Chikkamagalore, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi are the five regions in Karnataka, India where KFD is highly prevalent, with around 3263 notified cases reported between 2003 and 2012, of which 823 cases were laboratory confirmed. The symptoms of monkey fever can range from mild sickness to severe neurological sequelae. Currently, prophylaxis involves administration of formalin-inactivated tissue culture vaccine. Despite the continuing vaccination programs in endemic areas for KFD, new cases are being reported. The current availability and effectiveness of the vaccine are not enough to provide protective immunity and thus prevent new outbreaks. Our study examined the known literature, knowledge gaps, and host responses associated with KFD. There is a need for robust vector control, public awareness campaigns, mass vaccination programmes, a full understanding of the eco-epidemiological elements of the disease, and implementation of a One Health program. These could all support prevention and management protocols, and thus help to address the issue.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cancino-Faure B, González CR, González AP, Salazar-Viedma M, Pastenes L, Valdés E, Bustos C, Lozada-Yavina R, Canals M. Northern and Central Chile still free of emerging flaviviruses in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2023; 243:106929. [PMID: 37086936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Geographic isolation and strict control limits in border areas have kept Chile free from various pathogens, including Flavivirus. However, the scenario is changing mainly due to climate change, the reintroduction of more aggressive mosquitoes, and the great wave of migration of people from endemic countries in recent years. Hence, it is necessary to surveillance mosquitoes to anticipate a possible outbreak in the population and take action to control it. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Flavivirus RNA by molecular tools with consensus primers in mosquitoes collected in the extreme north and central Chile. From 2019 to 2021, a prospective study was carried out in localities of Northern and part of Central Chile. Larvae, pupae, and adults of mosquitoes were collected in rural and urban sites in each locality. The collected samples were pooled by species and geographical location and tested using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR to determine presence of Flavivirus. 3085 specimens were collected, the most abundant specie Culex quinquefasciatus in the North and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus in the Center of Chile. Both genera are associated with Flavivirus transmission. However, PCR and RT-PCR did not detect Flavivirus RNA in the mosquitoes studied. These negative results indicate we are still a free Flavivirus country, which is reaffirmed by the non-existence of endemic human cases. Despite this, routine surveillance of mosquitoes and the pathogens they carry is highly recommended to evaluate each area-specific risk of vector-borne transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cancino-Faure
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Christian R González
- Instituto de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piñeiro González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcela Salazar-Viedma
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis Pastenes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Valdés
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Camila Bustos
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Rafael Lozada-Yavina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Mauricio Canals
- Programa de Salud Ambiental y Departamento de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gladysheva AA, Gladysheva AV, Ternovoi VA, Loktev VB. [Structural Motifs and Spatial Structures of Helicase (NS3) and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (NS5) of a Flavi-like Kindia tick virus (unclassified Flaviviridae)]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:7-17. [PMID: 36961231 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kindia tick virus (KITV) is a novel segmented unclassified flavi-like virus of the Flaviviridae family. This virus is associated with ixodes ticks and is potentially pathogenic to humans. The main goal of this work was to search for structural motifs of viral polypeptides and to develop a 3D-structure for viral proteins of the flavi-like KITV. MATERIALS AND METHODS The complete genome sequences for KITV, Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and yellow fever viruses were retrieved from GenBank. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the different software packages. RESULTS Analysis of the KITV structural proteins showed that they have no analogues among currently known viral proteins. Spatial models of NS3 and NS5 KITV proteins have been obtained. These models had a high level of topological similarity to the tick-borne encephalitis and dengue viral proteins. The methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase domains were found in the NS5 KITV. The latter was represented by fingers, palm and thumb subdomains, and motifs A-F. The helicase domain and its main structural motifs IVI were identified in NS3 KITV. However, the protease domain typical of NS3 flaviviruses was not detected. The highly conserved amino acid motives were detected in the NS3 and NS5 KITV. Also, eight amino acid substitutions characteristic of KITV/2018/1 and KITV/2018/2 were detected, five of them being localized in alpha-helix and three in loops of nonstructural proteins. CONCLUSION Nonstructural proteins of KITV have structural and functional similarities with unsegmented flaviviruses. This confirms their possible evolutionary and taxonomic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Gladysheva
- State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»
- Novosibirsk National Research State University
| | - A V Gladysheva
- State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»
| | - V A Ternovoi
- State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»
| | - V B Loktev
- State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»
- Novosibirsk National Research State University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kartashov MY, Gladysheva AV, Shvalov AN, Tupota NL, Chernikova AA, Ternovoi VA, Loktev VB. Novel Flavi-like virus in ixodid ticks and patients in Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102101. [PMID: 36529011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel Haseki tick virus (HSTV) was detected in ixodid ticks and patients in the Asian part of Russia. Sequencing of the genome fragments corresponding whole polyprotein and viral RdRp demonstrated that HSTV is genetically close to unclassified Flavi-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of HSTV sequences showed that these viruses were close to Bole tick virus 4 (BLTV 4), which was detected early in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Caribbean region. The organization of the genome predicts that HSTV and BLTV 4 may also be classified as putative new genera within Flaviviridae with enlarged Flavi-like positive-sense ssRNA viral genomes. Cases of HSTV putative human incidents after Ixodes persulcatus attack were discovered in hospital patients with tick-borne infections in Vladivostok (Russia). The illness was associated with 3-5 days of fever, accompanied by acute respiratory lesions. Mixed human tick-borne infections (TBIs) were also detected for these patients as dual or triple coinfections for tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia spp., Anaplasma spp., and HSTV. Thus, it is necessary to study HSTV antibody tests, virus isolation, and surveillance for HSTV sequences in different species of ticks, different geographical regions and patients after tick attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Kartashov
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Gladysheva
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Alexander N Shvalov
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Natalya L Tupota
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Chernikova
- Center of Prevention and Control for AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Vladivostok, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ternovoi
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Valery B Loktev
- State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of Russia, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bauer BU, Runge M, Schneider M, Könenkamp L, Steffen I, Rubel W, Ganter M, Schoneberg C. Co-exposure to Anaplasma spp., Coxiella burnetii and tick-borne encephalitis virus in sheep in southern Germany. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:6. [PMID: 36793116 PMCID: PMC9933384 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacteria Anaplasma spp. and Coxiella burnetii and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are tick-transmitted pathogens circulating in the southern German sheep population. Knowledge of interaction among Anaplasma spp., C. burnetii and TBEV in sheep is lacking, but together they might promote and reinforce disease progression. The current study aimed to identify co-exposure of sheep to Anaplasma spp., C. burnetii and TBEV. For this purpose, 1,406 serum samples from 36 sheep flocks located in both southern German federal states, Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria, were analysed by ELISAs to determine the antibody levels of the three pathogens. Inconclusive and positive results from the TBEV ELISA were additionally confirmed by a serum neutralisation assay. The proportion of sheep with antibodies against Anaplasma spp. (47.2%), C. burnetii (3.7%) and TBEV (4.7%) differed significantly. Significantly more flocks with Anaplasma spp. seropositive sheep (91.7%) were detected than flocks with antibodies against TBEV (58.3%) and C. burnetii (41.7%), but there was no significant difference between the number of flocks which contained TBEV and C. burnetii seropositive sheep. Seropositivity against at least two pathogens was detected in 4.7% of sheep from 20 flocks. Most co-exposed sheep had antibodies against Anaplasma spp./TBEV (n = 36), followed by Anaplasma spp./C. burnetii (n = 27) and Anaplasma spp./C. burnetii/TBEV (n = 2). Only one sheep showed an immune response against C. burnetii and TBEV. Flocks with sheep being positive against more than one pathogen were widely distributed throughout southern Germany. The descriptive analysis revealed no association between the antibody response of the three pathogens at animal level. Taking the flocks as a cluster variable into account, the exposure to TBEV reduced the probability of identifying C. burnetii antibodies in sheep significantly (odds ratio 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.85), but the reason for this is unknown. The presence of Anaplasma spp. antibodies did not influence the detection of antibodies against C. burnetii and TBEV. Studies under controlled conditions are necessary to evaluate any possible adverse impact of co-exposure to tick-borne pathogens on sheep health. This can help to clarify rare disease patterns. Research in this field may also support the One Health approach due to the zoonotic potential of Anaplasma spp., C. burnetii and TBEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ulrich Bauer
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Runge
- grid.500064.7Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Eintrachtweg 17, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Schneider
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Könenkamp
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Steffen
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Rubel
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara Schoneberg
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mifsud JCO, Costa VA, Petrone ME, Marzinelli EM, Holmes EC, Harvey E. Transcriptome mining extends the host range of the Flaviviridae to non-bilaterians. Virus Evol 2022; 9:veac124. [PMID: 36694816 PMCID: PMC9854234 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavivirids (family Flaviviridae) are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that include well-documented agents of human disease. Despite their importance and ubiquity, the timescale of flavivirid evolution is uncertain. An ancient origin, spanning millions of years, is supported by their presence in both vertebrates and invertebrates and by the identification of a flavivirus-derived endogenous viral element in the peach blossom jellyfish genome (Craspedacusta sowerbii, phylum Cnidaria), implying that the flaviviruses arose early in the evolution of the Metazoa. To date, however, no exogenous flavivirid sequences have been identified in these hosts. To help resolve the antiquity of the Flaviviridae, we mined publicly available transcriptome data across the Metazoa. From this, we expanded the diversity within the family through the identification of 32 novel viral sequences and extended the host range of the pestiviruses to include amphibians, reptiles, and ray-finned fish. Through co-phylogenetic analysis we found cross-species transmission to be the predominate macroevolutionary event across the non-vectored flavivirid genera (median, 68 per cent), including a cross-species transmission event between bats and rodents, although long-term virus-host co-divergence was still a regular occurrence (median, 23 per cent). Notably, we discovered flavivirus-like sequences in basal metazoan species, including the first associated with Cnidaria. This sequence formed a basal lineage to the genus Flavivirus and was closer to arthropod and crustacean flaviviruses than those in the tamanavirus group, which includes a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate viruses. Combined, these data attest to an ancient origin of the flaviviruses, likely close to the emergence of the metazoans 750-800 million years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo A Costa
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary E Petrone
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hendy A, Fé NF, Valério D, Hernandez-Acosta E, Chaves BA, da Silva LFA, Santana RAG, da Costa Paz A, Soares MMM, Assunção FP, Andes JT, Andolina C, Scarpassa VM, de Lacerda MVG, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N. Towards the Laboratory Maintenance of Haemagogus janthinomys (Dyar, 1921), the Major Neotropical Vector of Sylvatic Yellow Fever. Viruses 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 36680085 PMCID: PMC9861039 DOI: 10.3390/v15010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemagogus (Haemagogus) janthinomys (Dyar, 1921), the major neotropical vector of sylvatic yellow fever virus, is notoriously difficult to maintain in captivity. It has never been reared beyond an F1 generation, and almost no experimental transmission studies have been performed with this species since the 1940s. Herein we describe installment hatching, artificial blood feeding, and forced-mating techniques that enabled us to produce small numbers of F3 generation Hg. janthinomys eggs for the first time. A total of 62.8% (1562/2486) F1 generation eggs hatched during ≤10 four-day cycles of immersion in a bamboo leaf infusion followed by partial drying. Hatching decreased to 20.1% (190/944) in the F2 generation for eggs laid by mosquitoes copulated by forced mating. More than 85% (79/92) female F2 mosquitoes fed on an artificial blood feeding system. While we were unable to maintain a laboratory colony of Hg. janthinomys past the F3 generation, our methods provide a foundation for experimental transmission studies with this species in a laboratory setting, a critical capacity in a region with hyper-endemic transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, all posing a risk of spillback into a sylvatic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Nelson Ferreira Fé
- Centro de Entomologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Danielle Valério
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara A. Chaves
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Alho da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Rosa Amélia Gonçalves Santana
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Andréia da Costa Paz
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Flamarion Prado Assunção
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - José Tenaçol Andes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Chiara Andolina
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazonas, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou D, Liu S, Guo G, He X, Xing C, Miao Q, Chen G, Chen X, Yan H, Zeng J, Zheng Z, Deng H, Weng S, He J. Virome Analysis of Normal and Growth Retardation Disease-Affected Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0146222. [PMID: 36445118 PMCID: PMC9769563 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01462-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an important aquaculture species in China. Growth retardation disease (GRD) is a common contagious disease in M. rosenbergii, resulting in slow growth and precocious puberty in prawns, and has caused growing economic losses in the M. rosenbergii industry. To investigate the viral diversity of M. rosenbergii and identify potentially high-risk viruses linked to GRD, virome analysis of the GRD-affected and normal M. rosenbergii was carried out using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 327 contigs (>500 bp) were related to viral sequences belonging to 23 families/orders and a group of unclassified viruses. The majority of the viral contigs in M. rosenbergii belonged to the order Picornavirales, with the Solinviviridae family being the most abundant in both the diseased and normal groups. Furthermore, 16 RNA viral sequences with nearly complete genomes were characterized and phylogenetically analyzed, belonging to the families Solinviviridae, Flaviviridae, Polycipiviridae, Marnaviridae, and Dicistroviridae as well as three new clades of the order Picornavirales. Notably, the cross-species transmission of a picorna-like virus was observed between M. rosenbergii and plants. The "core virome" seemed to be present in the diseased and normal prawns. Still, a clear difference in viral abundance was observed between the two groups. These results showed that the broad diversity of viruses is present in M. rosenbergii and that the association between viruses and disease of M. rosenbergii needs to be further investigated. IMPORTANCE Growth retardation disease (GRD) has seriously affected the development and economic growth of the M. rosenbergii aquaculture industry. Our virome analysis showed that diverse viral sequences were present in M. rosenbergii, significantly expanding our knowledge of viral diversity in M. rosenbergii. Some differences in viral composition were noted between the diseased and normal prawns, indicating that some viruses become more abundant in occurrences or outbreaks of diseases. In the future, more research will be needed to determine which viruses pose a risk for M. rosenbergii. Our study provides important baseline information contributing to disease surveillance and risk assessment in M. rosenbergii aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Qijin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lupia T, Marletto FP, Scuvera IT, Bosio R, Rizzello B, Fornari V, Vivenza DML, Ghisetti V, Brusa MT, Corcione S, De Rosa FG. First Human Usutu Virus Reported in Asti (Piedmont, Italy, August 2022) and Early Follow-Up. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120443. [PMID: 36548698 PMCID: PMC9786015 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Usutu virus (USUV) has recently attracted the attention of scientists because of its rapid spread across Europe and its growth over the previous seasons in Italy. Here, we describe the first case of USUV infection in Asti, Piedmont region, Italy. The patient remained asymptomatic in the acute phase and during the early follow-up, despite a mild increase in liver enzymes. The prompt diagnosis in this patient was due to positive qualitative PCR for WNV blood-donor screening with negative RT-PCR of WNV and positive USUV-RNA following the confirmation test. Blood-donor screening and transmission risk monitoring are pivotal in following the spread of this Flavivirus in non-endemic countries, due to the high percentage of asymptomatic carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lupia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0141-489974
| | | | | | - Roberta Bosio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Rizzello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fornari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ghisetti
- Microbiology Unit, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Garcia G, Chakravarty N, Abu AE, Jeyachandran AV, Takano KA, Brown R, Morizono K, Arumugaswami V. Replication-Deficient Zika Vector-Based Vaccine Provides Maternal and Fetal Protection in Mouse Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0113722. [PMID: 36169338 PMCID: PMC9602260 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01137-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne human pathogen, causes dire congenital brain developmental abnormalities in children of infected mothers. The global health crisis precipitated by this virus has led to a concerted effort to develop effective therapies and prophylactic measures although, unfortunately, not very successfully. The error-prone nature of RNA viral genome replication tends to promote evolution of novel viral strains, which could cause epidemics and pandemics. As such, our objective was to develop a safe and effective replication-deficient ZIKV vector-based vaccine candidate. We approached this by generating a ZIKV vector containing only the nonstructural (NS) 5'-untranslated (UTR)-NS-3' UTR sequences, with the structural proteins capsid (C), precursor membrane (prM), and envelope (E) (CprME) used as a packaging system. We efficiently packaged replication-deficient Zika vaccine particles in human producer cells and verified antigen expression in vitro. In vivo studies showed that, after inoculation in neonatal mice, the Zika vaccine candidate (ZVAX) was safe and did not produce any replication-competent revertant viruses. Immunization of adult, nonpregnant mice showed that ZVAX protected mice from lethal challenge by limiting viral replication. We then evaluated the safety and efficacy of ZVAX in pregnant mice, where it was shown to provide efficient maternal and fetal protection against Zika disease. Mass cytometry analysis showed that vaccinated pregnant animals had high levels of splenic CD8+ T cells and effector memory T cell responses with reduced proinflammatory cell responses, suggesting that endogenous expression of NS proteins by ZVAX induced cellular immunity against ZIKV NS proteins. We also investigated humoral immunity against ZIKV, which is potentially induced by viral proteins present in ZVAX virions. We found no significant difference in neutralizing antibody titer in vaccinated or unvaccinated challenged animals; therefore, it is likely that cellular immunity plays a major role in ZVAX-mediated protection against ZIKV infection. In conclusion, we demonstrated ZVAX as an effective inducer of protective immunity against ZIKV, which can be further evaluated for potential prophylactic application in humans. IMPORTANCE This research is important as it strives to address the critical need for effective prophylactic measures against the outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) and outlines an important vaccine technology that could potentially be used to induce immune responses against other pandemic-potential viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikhil Chakravarty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angel Elma Abu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kari-Ann Takano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Flaviviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, including some well-known human pathogens such as Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, which are primarily associated with mosquito and tick vectors. The vast majority of flavivirus research has focused on terrestrial environments; however, recent findings indicate that a range of flaviviruses are also present in aquatic environments, both marine and freshwater. These flaviviruses are found in various hosts, including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms. Although the effects of aquatic flaviviruses on the hosts they infect are not all known, some have been detected in farmed species and may have detrimental effects on the aquaculture industry. Exploration of the evolutionary history through the discovery of the Wenzhou shark flavivirus in both a shark and crab host is of particular interest since the potential dual-host nature of this virus may indicate that the invertebrate-vertebrate relationship seen in other flaviviruses may have a more profound evolutionary root than previously expected. Potential endogenous viral elements and the range of novel aquatic flaviviruses discovered thus shed light on virus origins and evolutionary history and may indicate that, like terrestrial life, the origins of flaviviruses may lie in aquatic environments.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Virus infection is a process that requires combined contributions from both virus and host factors. For this process to be efficient within the crowded host environment, viruses have evolved ways to manipulate and reorganize host structures to produce cellular microenvironments. Positive-strand RNA virus replication and assembly occurs in association with cytoplasmic membranes, causing a reorganization of these membranes to create microenvironments that support viral processes. Similarities between virus-induced membrane domains and cellular organelles have led to the description of these structures as virus replication organelles (vRO). Electron microscopy analysis of vROs in positive-strand RNA virus infected cells has revealed surprising morphological similarities between genetically diverse virus species. For all positive-strand RNA viruses, vROs can be categorized into two groups: those that make invaginations into the cellular membranes (In-vRO), and those that cause the production of protrusions from cellular membranes (Pr-vRO), most often in the form of double membrane vesicles (DMVs). In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the structure and biogenesis of these two different vRO classes as well as comparing morphology and function of vROs between various positive-strand RNA viruses. Finally, we will discuss recent studies describing pharmaceutical intervention in vRO formation as an avenue to control virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Neufeldt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tréguier Y, Cochard J, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Lemoine R, Chouteau P, Roingeard P, Meunier JC, Maquart M. The envelope protein of Zika virus interacts with apolipoprotein E early in the infectious cycle and this interaction is conserved on the secreted viral particles. Virol J 2022; 19:124. [PMID: 35902969 PMCID: PMC9331583 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has caused massive outbreaks of infection in tropical areas over the last decade and has now begun spreading to temperate countries. Little is currently known about the specific host factors involved in the intracellular life cycle of ZIKV. Flaviviridae viruses interact closely with host-cell lipid metabolism and associated secretory pathways. Another Flaviviridae, hepatitis C virus, is highly dependent on apolipoprotein E (ApoE) for the completion of its infectious cycle. We therefore investigated whether ZIKV also interacted with this protein. Methods ZIKV infections were performed on both liver and microglia derived cell lines in order to proceed to colocalization analysis and immunoprecipitation assays of ApoE and Zika envelope glycoprotein (Zika E). Transmission electron microscopy combined to immunogold labeling was also performed on the infected cells and related supernatant to study the association of ApoE and Zika E protein in the virus-induced membrane rearrangements and secreted particles, respectively. Finally, the potential of neutralization of anti-ApoE antibodies on ZIKV particles was studied. Result We demonstrated an interaction between ApoE and the Zika E protein. This specific interaction was observed in virus-induced host-cell membrane rearrangements, but also on newly formed intracellular particles. The partial neutralizing effect of anti-ApoE antibody and the immunogold labeling of the two proteins on secreted virions indicates that this interaction is conserved during ZIKV intracellular trafficking and release. Conclusions These data suggest that another member of the Flaviviridae also interacts with ApoE, indicating that this could be a common mechanism for the viruses from this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Tréguier
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jade Cochard
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plateforme IBiSA des Microscopies, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- Plateforme B Cell Ressources, EA4245 T2I, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Chouteau
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France. .,Plateforme IBiSA des Microscopies, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
| | | | - Marianne Maquart
- INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bamford CGG, Aranday-Cortes E, Sanchez-Velazquez R, Mullan C, Kohl A, Patel AH, Wilson SJ, McLauchlan J. A Human and Rhesus Macaque Interferon-Stimulated Gene Screen Shows That Over-Expression of ARHGEF3/XPLN Inhibits Replication of Hepatitis C Virus and Other Flavivirids. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081655. [PMID: 36016278 PMCID: PMC9414520 DOI: 10.3390/v14081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is restricted to humans, whereas other primates such as rhesus macaques are non-permissive for infection. To identify human and rhesus macaque genes that differ or share the ability to inhibit HCV replication, we conducted a medium-throughput screen of lentivirus-expressed host genes that disrupt replication of HCV subgenomic replicon RNA expressing secreted Gaussia luciferase. A combined total of >800 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were screened. Our findings confirmed established anti-HCV ISGs, such as IRF1, PKR and DDX60. Novel species−specific inhibitors were also identified and independently validated. Using a cell-based system that recapitulates productive HCV infection, we identified that over-expression of the ‘Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 3’ gene (ARHGEF3) from both species inhibits full-length virus replication. Additionally, replication of two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), were also reduced in cell lines over-expressing ARHGEF3 compared to controls. In conclusion, we ascribe novel antiviral activity to the cellular gene ARHGEF3 that inhibits replication of HCV and other important human viral pathogens belonging to the Flaviviridae, and which is conserved between humans and rhesus macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor G. G. Bamford
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Elihu Aranday-Cortes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Velazquez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- BioNTech SE, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Catrina Mullan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Sam J. Wilson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.G.G.B.); (E.A.-C.); (R.S.-V.); (C.M.); (A.K.); (A.H.P.); (S.J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nascimento JM, Gouvêa-Junqueira D, Zuccoli GS, Pedrosa CDSG, Brandão-Teles C, Crunfli F, Antunes ASLM, Cassoli JS, Karmirian K, Salerno JA, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Proenca-Módena JL, Higa LM, Tanuri A, Garcez PP, Rehen SK, Martins-de-Souza D. Zika Virus Strains and Dengue Virus Induce Distinct Proteomic Changes in Neural Stem Cells and Neurospheres. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5549-5563. [PMID: 35732867 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain abnormalities and congenital malformations have been linked to the circulating strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil since 2016 during the microcephaly outbreak; however, the molecular mechanisms behind several of these alterations and differential viral molecular targets have not been fully elucidated. Here we explore the proteomic alterations induced by ZIKV by comparing the Brazilian (Br ZIKV) and the African (MR766) viral strains, in addition to comparing them to the molecular responses to the Dengue virus type 2 (DENV). Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) were cultured both as monolayers and in suspension (resulting in neurospheres), which were then infected with ZIKV (Br ZIKV or ZIKV MR766) or DENV to assess alterations within neural cells. Large-scale proteomic analyses allowed the comparison not only between viral strains but also regarding the two- and three-dimensional cellular models of neural cells derived from iPSCs, and the effects on their interaction. Altered pathways and biological processes were observed related to cell death, cell cycle dysregulation, and neurogenesis. These results reinforce already published data and provide further information regarding the biological alterations induced by ZIKV and DENV in neural cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Minardi Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gouvêa-Junqueira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - André S L M Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Cassoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Salerno
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Proenca-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza M Higa
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Garcez
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil. .,Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil. .,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil. .,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Folly AJ, McElhinney LM, Johnson N. JMM Profile: Louping ill virus. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35604835 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Louping ill virus (LIV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus within the genus Flavivirus that is transmitted to vertebrate hosts by bites from infected ticks, the arthropod vector. The virus affects livestock in upland areas of Great Britain and Ireland, resulting in a febrile illness that can progress to fatal encephalitis. Prevention of the disease is facilitated by combining acaricide treatment, land management and vaccination strategies. However, vaccines have been discontinued in recent years. Although rare, LIV can be transmitted to and cause disease in humans. Consequently, LIV infection is a threat to human and veterinary health and can impact on the rural economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arran J Folly
- Vector-borne diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Weybridge, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Lorraine M McElhinney
- Viral Zoonoses, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Weybridge, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Vector-borne diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Weybridge, KT15 3NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sameroff S, Tokarz R, Vucelja M, Jain K, Oleynik A, Boljfetić M, Bjedov L, Yates RA, Margaletić J, Oura CAL, Lipkin WI, Cvetko Krajinović L, Markotić A. Virome of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis concinna Ticks from Croatia. Viruses 2022; 14:929. [PMID: 35632671 DOI: 10.3390/v14050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases are a serious threat to both public and veterinary health. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the virome of three tick species implicated in the spread of vector-borne disease throughout Croatia. Ten viruses were identified, including seven potential novel species within the viral families Flaviviridae, Nyamiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Nairoviridae.
Collapse
|
35
|
Du H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yun F, Chang Y, Tuersun A, Aisaiti K, Ma Z. Metagenome-Assembled Viral Genomes Analysis Reveals Diversity and Infectivity of the RNA Virome of Gerbillinae Species. Viruses 2022; 14:356. [PMID: 35215951 PMCID: PMC8874536 DOI: 10.3390/v14020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are a known reservoir for extensive zoonotic viruses, and also possess a propensity to roost in human habitation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and catalogue the potentially emerging zoonotic viruses that are carried by rodents. Here, viral metagenomic sequencing was used for zoonotic virus detection and virome characterization on 32 Great gerbils of Rhombomys opimus, Meriones meridianus, and Meiiones Unguiculataus species in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In total, 1848 viral genomes that are potentially pathogenic to rodents and humans, as well as to other wildlife, were identified namely Retro-, Flavi-, Pneumo-, Picobirna-, Nairo-, Arena-, Hepe-, Phenui-, Rhabdo-, Calici-, Reo-, Corona-, Orthomyxo-, Peribunya-, and Picornaviridae families. In addition, a new genotype of rodent Hepacivirus was identified in heart and lung homogenates of seven viscera pools and phylogenetic analysis revealed the closest relationship to rodent Hepacivirus isolate RtMm-HCV/IM2014 that was previously reported to infect rodents from Inner Mongolia, China. Moreover, nine new genotype viral sequences that corresponded to Picobirnaviruses (PBVs), which have a bi-segmented genome and belong to the family Picobirnaviridae, comprising of three segment I and six segment II sequences, were identified in intestines and liver of seven viscera pools. In the two phylogenetic trees that were constructed using ORF1 and ORF2 of segment I, the three segment I sequences were clustered into distinct clades. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that PBV sequences were distributed in the whole tree that was constructed using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of segment II with high diversity, sharing 68.42-82.67% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I and genogroup II PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. By RNA sequencing, we found a high degree of biodiversity of Retro-, Flavi-, Pneumo-, and Picobirnaridae families and other zoonotic viruses in gerbils, indicating that zoonotic viruses are a common presence in gerbils from Xinjiang, China. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the zoonotic potential of these viruses that are carried by other rodent species from different ecosystems and wildlife in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.C.); (A.T.); (K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rahman SU, Abdullah M, Khan AW, Haq MIU, Haq NU, Aziz A, Tao S. A detailed comparative analysis of codon usage bias in Alongshan virus. Virus Res 2022; 308:198646. [PMID: 34822954 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alongshan virus (ALSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that infects humans, causing febrile disease. ALSV uses Ixodes Persulcatus ticks to infect humans with a wide range of signs, from asymptomatic to encephalitis-like syndrome. There is an increasing public health concern about the ALSV infection. To get insight into the impacts of viral relations with their hosts on viral ability, survival, and evasion from hosts immune systems remain unknown. The codon usage is a driving force in viral genome evolution; therefore, we enrolled 41 ALSV strains in codon usage analysis to elucidate the molecular evolutionary dynamics of ALSV. The results indicate that the overall codon usage among ALSV isolates is relatively similar and slightly biased. Base compositions for the cds were in order of G >A >C >U and in the third position of codons G3 >A3 >C3 >T3. The RSCU values revealed that the more frequently used codons were mostly GC ended. Different codon preferences in ALSV genes in relation to codon usage of H. sapiens and Ixodes Persulcatus genes were found. Neutrality plot was determined to reveal the superiority of natural selection over directional mutation pressure in causing CUB based on GC12 versus GC3 contents. The results of these studies suggest that the emergence of ALSV in China, Russia and Finland may also be reflected in ALSV codon usage. Altogether, the presence of both mutation pressure and natural selection effect in shaping the codon usage patterns of ALSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan; College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid Khan
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam Ul Haq
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Haq
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Computer Science & Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27200, Pakistan
| | - Shiheng Tao
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bohm EK, Vangorder-Braid JT, Jaeger AS, Moriarty RV, Baczenas JJ, Bennett NC, O’Connor SL, Fritsch MK, Fuhler NA, Noguchi KK, Aliota MT. Zika Virus Infection of Pregnant Ifnar1-/- Mice Triggers Strain-Specific Differences in Fetal Outcomes. J Virol 2021; 95:e0081821. [PMID: 34379510 PMCID: PMC8513483 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00818-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that causes a constellation of adverse fetal outcomes collectively termed congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). However, not all pregnancies exposed to ZIKV result in an infant with apparent defects. During the 2015 to 2016 American outbreak of ZIKV, CZS rates varied by geographic location. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity in outcomes have not been well defined. Therefore, we sought to characterize and compare the pathogenic potential of multiple Asian-/American-lineage ZIKV strains in an established Ifnar1-/- pregnant mouse model. Here, we show significant differences in the rate of fetal demise following maternal inoculation with ZIKV strains from Puerto Rico, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, and Cambodia. Rates of fetal demise broadly correlated with maternal viremia but were independent of fetus and placenta virus titer, indicating that additional underlying factors contribute to fetal outcome. Our results, in concert with those from other studies, suggest that subtle differences in ZIKV strains may have important phenotypic impacts. With ZIKV now endemic in the Americas, greater emphasis needs to be placed on elucidating and understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fetal outcome. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has been reported in 87 countries and territories around the globe. ZIKV infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including birth defects, microcephaly, neurological complications, and even spontaneous abortion. Rates of adverse fetal outcomes vary between regions, and not every pregnancy exposed to ZIKV results in birth defects. Not much is known about how or if the infecting ZIKV strain is linked to fetal outcomes. Our research provides evidence of phenotypic heterogeneity between Asian-/American-lineage ZIKV strains and provides insight into the underlying causes of adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding ZIKV strain-dependent pathogenic potential during pregnancy and elucidating underlying causes of diverse clinical sequelae observed during human infections is critical to understanding ZIKV on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer T. Vangorder-Braid
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalie C. Bennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael K. Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicole A. Fuhler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin K. Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
James SA, Ong HS, Hari R, Khan AM. A systematic bioinformatics approach for large-scale identification and characterization of host-pathogen shared sequences. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:700. [PMID: 34583643 PMCID: PMC8477458 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biology has entered the era of big data with the advent of high-throughput omics technologies. Biological databases provide public access to petabytes of data and information facilitating knowledge discovery. Over the years, sequence data of pathogens has seen a large increase in the number of records, given the relatively small genome size and their important role as infectious and symbiotic agents. Humans are host to numerous pathogenic diseases, such as that by viruses, many of which are responsible for high mortality and morbidity. The interaction between pathogens and humans over the evolutionary history has resulted in sharing of sequences, with important biological and evolutionary implications. Results This study describes a large-scale, systematic bioinformatics approach for identification and characterization of shared sequences between the host and pathogen. An application of the approach is demonstrated through identification and characterization of the Flaviviridae-human share-ome. A total of 2430 nonamers represented the Flaviviridae-human share-ome with 100% identity. Although the share-ome represented a small fraction of the repertoire of Flaviviridae (~ 0.12%) and human (~ 0.013%) non-redundant nonamers, the 2430 shared nonamers mapped to 16,946 Flaviviridae and 7506 human non-redundant protein sequences. The shared nonamer sequences mapped to 125 species of Flaviviridae, including several with unclassified genus. The majority (~ 68%) of the shared sequences mapped to Hepacivirus C species; West Nile, dengue and Zika viruses of the Flavivirus genus accounted for ~ 11%, ~ 7%, and ~ 3%, respectively, of the Flaviviridae protein sequences (16,946) mapped by the share-ome. Further characterization of the share-ome provided important structural-functional insights to Flaviviridae-human interactions. Conclusion Mapping of the host-pathogen share-ome has important implications for the design of vaccines and drugs, diagnostics, disease surveillance and the discovery of unknown, potential host-pathogen interactions. The generic workflow presented herein is potentially applicable to a variety of pathogens, such as of viral, bacterial or parasitic origin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07657-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Among James
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, 800211, Nigeria
| | - Hui San Ong
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Malaysia
| | - Ranjeev Hari
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Malaysia
| | - Asif M Khan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Malaysia. .,Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Beykoz, Istanbul, 34820, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Velu RM, Kwenda G, Libonda L, Chisenga CC, Flavien BN, Chilyabanyama ON, Simunyandi M, Bosomprah S, Sande NC, Changula K, Muleya W, Mburu MM, Mubemba B, Chitanga S, Tembo J, Bates M, Kapata N, Orba Y, Kajihara M, Takada A, Sawa H, Chilengi R, Simulundu E. Mosquito-Borne Viral Pathogens Detected in Zambia: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081007. [PMID: 34451471 PMCID: PMC8401848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases are a threat to global health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the available evidence of mosquito-borne viral pathogens reported in Zambia. A search of literature was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from 1 January 1930 to 30 June 2020 using a combination of keywords. Eight mosquito-borne viruses belonging to three families, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae and Phenuiviridae were reported. Three viruses (Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus, Mwinilunga virus) were reported among the togaviruses whilst four (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus) were among the flavivirus and only one virus, Rift Valley fever virus, was reported in the Phenuiviridae family. The majority of these mosquito-borne viruses were reported in Western and North-Western provinces. Aedes and Culex species were the main mosquito-borne viral vectors reported. Farming, fishing, movement of people and rain patterns were among factors associated with mosquito-borne viral infection in Zambia. Better diagnostic methods, such as the use of molecular tools, to detect the viruses in potential vectors, humans, and animals, including the recognition of arboviral risk zones and how the viruses circulate, are important for improved surveillance and design of effective prevention and control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Milomba Velu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (C.C.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (R.C.)
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (N.C.S.); (A.T.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia; (G.K.); (S.C.)
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Liyali Libonda
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Eden University, Lusaka P.O. Box 37727, Zambia; (L.L.); (B.N.F.)
| | - Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (C.C.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Bumbangi Nsoni Flavien
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Eden University, Lusaka P.O. Box 37727, Zambia; (L.L.); (B.N.F.)
| | | | - Michelo Simunyandi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (C.C.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Samuel Bosomprah
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (C.C.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana
| | - Nicholus Chintu Sande
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (N.C.S.); (A.T.); (E.S.)
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia;
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia;
| | | | - Benjamin Mubemba
- Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe P.O. Box 21692, Zambia;
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia; (G.K.); (S.C.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek Private Bag 13301, Namibia
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John Tembo
- HerpeZ Infection Research and Training, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Private Bag RW1X Ridgeway, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia; (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthew Bates
- HerpeZ Infection Research and Training, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Private Bag RW1X Ridgeway, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia; (J.T.); (M.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka P.O. Box 30205, Zambia;
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N 20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N 20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (N.C.S.); (A.T.); (E.S.)
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N 20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (N.C.S.); (A.T.); (E.S.)
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N 20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
- Global Virus Network, 725 W Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (C.C.C.); (O.N.C.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (N.C.S.); (A.T.); (E.S.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma P.O. Box 630166, Zambia;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmidt V, Cramer K, Böttcher D, Heenemann K, Rückner A, Harzer M, Ziegler U, Vahlenkamp T, Sieg M. Usutu virus infection in aviary birds during the cold season. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:427-435. [PMID: 34351827 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1962003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mosquito-borne flavivirus Usutu virus (USUV) is responsible for countless deaths in both resident populations and birds kept in outdoor aviaries. Since 2001, USUV outbreaks attract increased attention due to the rapid geographical spread of the virus and its close relation to West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging pathogen in humans and animals. Similar to WNV, the USUV enzootic transmission cycle predominantly involves Culex spp. as vectors, whereas birds serve as amplifying reservoir hosts. In Europe, USUV-associated disease outbreaks in birds are nearly exclusively described during late spring and early autumn (early April to late October). Contagiousness of virus particles excreted by infected animals has not yet been proven, so that the role of non-vector-borne transmission, as it is known for the closely related WNV, remains unclear. Here we report the diagnosis of USUV infection in 15 of 24 birds from mortality outbreaks in eight different aviaries located in Germany, that occured during the cold season between late October 2018 and early April 2019. Detection of USUV was performed using standardized molecular biological methods and immunohistochemistry for verification of the infection. USUV infection in a parrot species, a tropical finch and two estrildid finches are reported for the first time. Further research on the occurrence of USUV infection during the cold season is key to understanding the dynamics of viral transmission as well as for a profound health risk assessment for aviary birds as well as humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 17, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cramer
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 17, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Heenemann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Rückner
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maxi Harzer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Sieg
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Postel A, Smith DB, Becher P. Proposed Update to the Taxonomy of Pestiviruses: Eight Additional Species within the Genus Pestivirus, Family Flaviviridae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081542. [PMID: 34452407 PMCID: PMC8402895 DOI: 10.3390/v13081542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pestiviruses are plus-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae. They comprise several important pathogens like classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus that induce economically important animal diseases. In 2017, the last update of pestivirus taxonomy resulted in demarcation of 11 species designated Pestivirus A through Pestivirus K. Since then, multiple new pestiviruses have been reported including pathogens associated with disease in pigs or small ruminants. In addition, pestivirus sequences have been found during metagenomics analysis of different non-ungulate hosts (bats, rodents, whale, and pangolin), but the consequences of this pestivirus diversity for animal health still need to be established. To provide a systematic classification of the newly discovered viruses, we analyzed the genetic relationship based on complete coding sequences (cds) and deduced polyprotein sequences and calculated pairwise distances that allow species demarcation. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on a highly conserved region within the non-structural protein NS5B. Taking into account the genetic relationships observed together with available information about antigenic properties, host origin, and characteristics of disease, we propose to expand the number of pestivirus species to 19 by adding eight additional species designated Pestivirus L through Pestivirus S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Postel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Donald B. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK;
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8840
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meyer D, Postel A, Wiedemann A, Cagatay GN, Ciulli S, Guercio A, Becher P. Comparative Analysis of Tunisian Sheep-like Virus, Bungowannah Virus and Border Disease Virus Infection in the Porcine Host. Viruses 2021; 13:1539. [PMID: 34452404 DOI: 10.3390/v13081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from the established pestivirus species Pestivirus A to Pestivirus K novel species emerged. Pigs represent not only hosts for porcine pestiviruses, but are also susceptible to bovine viral diarrhea virus, border disease virus (BDV) and other ruminant pestiviruses. The present study focused on the characterization of the ovine Tunisian sheep-like virus (TSV) as well as Bungowannah virus (BuPV) and BDV strain Frijters, which were isolated from pigs. For this purpose, we performed genetic characterization based on complete coding sequences, studies on virus replication in cell culture and in domestic pigs, and cross-neutralization assays using experimentally derived sera. TSV forms a distinct phylogenetic group more closely related to Pestivirus C (classical swine fever virus, CSFV) than to Pestivirus D (BDV). In contrast to BDV and BuPV, TSV replicates by far more efficiently on ovine than on porcine cells. Nevertheless, pigs were susceptible to TSV. As a consequence of close antigenic relatedness of TSV to CSFV, cross-reactivity was detected in CSFV-specific antibody assays. In conclusion, TSV is genetically closely related to CSFV and can replicate in domestic pigs. Due to close antigenic relatedness, field infections of pigs with TSV and other ruminant pestiviruses can interfere with serological diagnosis of classical swine fever.
Collapse
|
43
|
Peyret H, Steele JFC, Jung JW, Thuenemann EC, Meshcheriakova Y, Lomonossoff GP. Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:780. [PMID: 34358196 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the growth of plant molecular farming as an approach to the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. Despite this, there have been notable successes both from a biochemical and a clinical perspective, with a number of clinical trials showing great promise. This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material.
Collapse
|
44
|
Simulundu E, Ndashe K, Chambaro HM, Squarre D, Reilly PM, Chitanga S, Changula K, Mukubesa AN, Ndebe J, Tembo J, Kapata N, Bates M, Sinkala Y, Hang'ombe BM, Nalubamba KS, Kajihara M, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Takada A, Sawa H. West Nile Virus in Farmed Crocodiles, Zambia, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:811-814. [PMID: 32187004 PMCID: PMC7101096 DOI: 10.3201/eid2604.190954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid in crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zambia. Phylogenetically, the virus belonged to lineage 1a, which is predominant in the Northern Hemisphere. These data provide evidence that WNV is circulating in crocodiles in Africa and increases the risk for animal and human transmission.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dong X, Wang G, Hu T, Li J, Li C, Cao Z, Shi M, Wang Y, Zou P, Song J, Gao W, Meng F, Yang G, Tang KFJ, Li C, Shi W, Huang J. A Novel Virus of Flaviviridae Associated with Sexual Precocity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. mSystems 2021; 6:e0000321. [PMID: 34100644 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00003-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, sexual precocity, a typical sign of the iron prawn syndrome (IPS), resulting in the reduced size of farmed giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii, has caused substantial production losses. However, the cause of IPS was not clear. We ran tests for eight major shrimp pathogens, but none were detected from IPS-affected prawns. We performed the histopathological examination of tissues and identified an eosinophilic inclusion in the perinuclear cytoplasm of cells in various tissues associated with nervous and endocrinal functions in the compound eyes. A subsequent bioassay with viral extracts of IPS-affected samples reproduced the gross signs of IPS. Metatranscriptomic sequencing identified a novel virus of Flaviviridae in all IPS-affected M. rosenbergii prawns, which was not found in samples without IPS. This virus contains a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 12,630 nucleotides (nt). Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved RdRp and NS3 domains showed that it may belong to a new genus between Jingmenvirus and Flavivirus. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), putative virus particles showed as spherical with a diameter of 40 to 60 nm. In situ hybridization found hybridization signals consistent with the histopathology in the compound eyes from IPS-affected M. rosenbergii. We provisionally name this virus infectious precocity virus (IPV) and propose the binominal Latin name Crustaflavivirus infeprecoquis gen. nov., sp. nov. We developed a nested reverse transcription-PCR diagnostic assay and confirmed that all IPS-affected prawns tested IPV positive but normal prawns tested negative. Collectively, our study revealed a novel virus of Flaviviridae associated with sexual precocity in M. rosenbergii. IMPORTANCE The iron prawn syndrome (IPS), also described as sexual precocity, results in the reduced size of farmed prawns at harvest and significant economic losses. IPS has been frequently reported in populations of farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii since 2010, but the cause was heretofore unknown. Here, we reported a novel virus identified from prawns with IPS using infection experiments, metatranscriptomic sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy and provisionally named it infectious precocity virus (IPV). Phylogenetic analysis showed that IPV represents a new genus, proposed as Crustaflavivirus gen. nov., in the family Flaviviridae. This study provides novel insight that a viral infection may cause pathological change and sexual maturation and subsequently affect crustacean growth. Therefore, we call for quarantine inspection of IPV in transboundary trade of live M. rosenbergii and enhanced surveillance of IPV in aquaculture in the region and globally.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu K, Fan S, Zou L, Zhao F, Ma S, Fan J, Li X, Zhao M, Yan H, Chen J. Molecular Events Occurring in Lipophagy and Its Regulation in Flaviviridae Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651952. [PMID: 34093468 PMCID: PMC8175637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Flaviviridae have a wide global and economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality. Flaviviridae infection usually leads to severe, acute or chronic diseases, such as liver injury and liver cancer resulting from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused by dengue virus (DENV). Given the highly complex pathogenesis of Flaviviridae infections, they are still not fully understood at present. Accumulating evidence suggests that host autophagy is disrupted to regulate the life cycle of Flaviviridae. Organelle-specific autophagy is able to selectively target different organelles for quality control, which is essential for regulating cellular homeostasis. As an important sub process of autophagy, lipophagy regulates lipid metabolism by targeting lipid droplets (LDs) and is also closely related to the infection of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we briefly understand the LDs interaction relationship with Flaviviridae infection, outline the molecular events of how lipophagy occurs and the related research progress on the regulatory mechanisms of lipophagy in Flaviviridae infection. Exploring the crosstalk between viral infection and lipophagy induced molecular events may provide new avenues for antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichao Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nishizawa T, Usui R, Narabu Y, Takahashi M, Murata K, Okamoto H. Identification of a novel pegivirus in pet cats (Felis silvestris catus) in Japan. Virus Res 2021; 301:198452. [PMID: 33971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel pegivirus in pet cats (Felis silvestris catus) in Japan. This virus was only 44.0-49.6 % identical to the reported viruses in the 11 current Pegivirus species and an unclassified pegivirus in dolphins within the entire protein-coding nucleotide sequence and was detected in 1.6 % of pet cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Reiko Usui
- Usui Dog and Cat Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0136, Japan
| | - Yoko Narabu
- Narabu Animal Hospital, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0227, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Folly AJ, Lawson B, Lean FZ, McCracken F, Spiro S, John SK, Heaver JP, Seilern-Moy K, Masters N, Hernández-Triana LM, Phipps LP, Nuñez A, Fooks AR, Cunningham AA, Johnson N, McElhinney LM. Detection of Usutu virus infection in wild birds in the United Kingdom, 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25. [PMID: 33063656 PMCID: PMC7565854 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.41.2001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In August 2020, as part of a long-term disease surveillance programme, Usutu virus was detected in five Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) and one house sparrow (Passer domesticus) from Greater London, England. This was initially detected by reverse transcription-PCR and was confirmed by virus isolation and by immunohistochemical detection of flavivirus in tissues. Phylogenetic analysis identified Usutu virus African 3.2 lineage, which is prevalent in the Netherlands and Belgium, suggesting a potential incursion from mainland Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arran J Folly
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Becki Lawson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Zx Lean
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona McCracken
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Spiro
- Wildlife Health Services, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shinto K John
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P Heaver
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Seilern-Moy
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nic Masters
- Wildlife Health Services, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Paul Phipps
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Nuñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bates TA, Chuong C, Hawks SA, Rai P, Duggal NK, Weger-Lucarelli J. Development and characterization of infectious clones of two strains of Usutu virus. Virology 2020; 554:28-36. [PMID: 33352463 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV; genus Flavivirus; family Flaviviridae) is a mosquito-borne, positive-sense RNA virus that is currently causing significant die-offs in numerous bird species throughout Europe and has caused infections in humans. Currently, there are no molecular clones for USUV, hence, hindering studies on the pathogenesis and transmission of USUV. Here, we demonstrate the development and characterization of infectious clones for two modern strains of USUV isolated from Europe and Africa. We show that the infectious clone-derived viruses replicated similarly to the parental strains in mammalian and insect cells. Additionally, we observed similar levels of replication and disease in two mouse models. These clones will aid the study of USUV infection, transmission, diagnostics, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Bates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christina Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Seth A Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Evans DeWald L, Starr C, Butters T, Treston A, Warfield KL. Iminosugars: A host-targeted approach to combat Flaviviridae infections. Antiviral Res 2020; 184:104881. [PMID: 32768411 PMCID: PMC7405907 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is the most common form of protein glycosylation and is required for the proper folding, trafficking, and/or receptor binding of some host and viral proteins. As viruses lack their own glycosylation machinery, they are dependent on the host's machinery for these processes. Certain iminosugars are known to interfere with the N-linked glycosylation pathway by targeting and inhibiting α-glucosidases I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbing ER α-glucosidase function can prevent these enzymes from removing terminal glucose residues on N-linked glycans, interrupting the interaction between viral glycoproteins and host chaperone proteins that is necessary for proper folding of the viral protein. Iminosugars have demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against multiple viruses. This review discusses the broad activity of iminosugars against Flaviviridae. Iminosugars have shown favorable activity against multiple members of the Flaviviridae family in vitro and in murine models of disease, although the activity and mechanism of inhibition can be virus-specfic. While iminosugars are not currently approved for the treatment of viral infections, their potential use as future host-targeted antiviral (HTAV) therapies continues to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Starr
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly L. Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA,Corresponding author. 400 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| |
Collapse
|