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Litov AG, Shchetinin AM, Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Ivannikova AY, Kovpak AA, Gushchin VA, Karganova GG. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Three Rhabdoviruses Persisting in the IRE/CTVM19 Cell Line. Viruses 2024; 16:576. [PMID: 38675918 PMCID: PMC11054507 DOI: 10.3390/v16040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from ticks have become a commonly used tool for the isolation and study of tick-borne pathogens and tick biology. The IRE/CTVM19 cell line, originating from embryos of Ixodes ricinus, is one such line. Previously, reovirus-like particles, as well as sequences with similarity to rhabdoviruses and iflaviruses, were detected in the IRE/CTVM19 cell line, suggesting the presence of multiple persisting viruses. Subsequently, the full genome of an IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus was recovered from a cell culture during the isolation of the Alongshan virus. In the current work, we used high-throughput sequencing to describe a virome of the IRE/CTVM19 cell line. In addition to the previously detected IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus, two rhabdoviruses were detected: Chimay rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1. In the follow-up experiments, we were able to detect both positive and negative RNA strands of the IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1 in the IRE/CTVM19 cells, suggesting their active replication in the cell line. Passaging attempts in cell lines of mammalian origin failed for all three discovered rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Shchetinin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Y. Ivannikova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Perin PP, Turmina T, Arias-Pacheco CA, Gomes JS, Andrade LDO, Zolla NDO, Mendonça TO, Oliveira WJ, Fahl WDO, Scheffer KC, Cunha Neto RDS, Chierato MER, Mori E, Felicio ALDA, Haga GSI, Guido MC, Barrochelo LH, Marcos ADS, Lux Hoppe EG. Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Invasive Wild Boars ( Sus scrofa) from Brazil. Pathogens 2024; 13:303. [PMID: 38668258 PMCID: PMC11054148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies, one of the most lethal global zoonoses, affects all mammals. It remains circulating worldwide in sylvatic cycles through terrestrial and airborne reservoirs, and in Brazil, bats are currently the main reservoirs and source of transmission. Wild boars, an important invasive alien species in Brazil, are a proven food source for hematophagous bats and may participate in the Brazilian sylvatic cycle of rabies. We evaluated the presence of this pathogen in hunted wild boars from the São Paulo state using histopathology, the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA), viral isolation in cell culture (VICC), the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results of histopathological, DFA, VICC, and RT-qPCR analysis were negative for all samples; seven serum samples tested positive in the RFFIT, and titers ranged from 0.13 IU/mL to 0.5 IU/mL. The presence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in the studied wild boars suggests the circulation of the virus in these animals. Educative actions directed at hunters should include information on the prevention of this important zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Parreira Perin
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Talita Turmina
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Carmen Andrea Arias-Pacheco
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Jonathan Silvestre Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Lívia de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Natália de Oliveira Zolla
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Talita Oliveira Mendonça
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Wilson Junior Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
| | - Willian de Oliveira Fahl
- Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311090, Brazil; (W.d.O.F.); (K.C.S.); (M.E.R.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Karin Correa Scheffer
- Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311090, Brazil; (W.d.O.F.); (K.C.S.); (M.E.R.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Rene dos Santos Cunha Neto
- Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311090, Brazil; (W.d.O.F.); (K.C.S.); (M.E.R.C.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Enio Mori
- Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311090, Brazil; (W.d.O.F.); (K.C.S.); (M.E.R.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Artur Luiz de Almeida Felicio
- Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Guilherme Shin Iwamoto Haga
- Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Maria Carolina Guido
- Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Luiz Henrique Barrochelo
- Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Affonso dos Santos Marcos
- Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of São Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil (C.A.A.-P.); (W.J.O.)
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Nadeem S, Aslam R, Sajjad-ur-Rahman, Khan MK. Risk analysis and seroprevalence of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Punjab, Pakistan. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:67-76. [PMID: 38623155 PMCID: PMC11016300 DOI: 10.17221/95/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the RNA virus which belongs to the genus Ephemerovirus and the family Rhabdoviridae. To evaluate the effect of the risk factors like the breed of cattle and buffaloes, age, sex, lactation, housing and region on the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) prevalence, ELISA and virus neutralisation (VN) tests (n = 600) were performed for the BEFV prevalence. The seroprevalence in cattle was 45.6% and 42% by ELISA and VN, respectively (P = 0.001). The breed-wise seropositive ratio was (55-64%) in cattle and (22.5-18.3%) in buffaloes by VN and ELISA. The sex-wise prevalence was (40-49.4%) in females and (35.8-46%) in males by VN and ELISA in cattle and a similar prevalence was reported in buffaloes. The age-wise prevalence in bovines by ELISA was 5.33, 22.66 and 17.66% in the age group < 1 year, 1-3 years and > 3 years, respectively. The disease prevalence was higher in the age group of 1-3 years. The prevalence was higher during the 3rd lactation in bovines. The region-wise prevalence was higher in the 07 districts while lower (18-21%) in Rawalpindi District by VN and ELISA, respectively (P = 0.001). Commercial dairy farms of cattle showed a higher disease prevalence (52% and 44%) than non-commercial farms (38% and 36%) by ELISA and VN, respectively (P = 0.227). Exotic cows showed higher disease prevalence (76.67% and 70%) by ELISA and VN. The mortality in bovines was 5% (7.7% and 2.3%) in the cattle and buffaloes. The case fatality of BEFV in bovines was 12.25%. There was a significant effect of the risk factors like the breed, age, sex, lactation, housing and region on the BEFV prevalence. This is the first comprehensive study of BEFV in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Nadeem
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-ur-Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zamorano A, Carevic P, Gamboa C, Cui W, Curkovic T, Córdova P, Higuera G, Ramos-Castillo L, Quiroga N, Fiore N. Old and New Aphid-Borne Viruses in Coriander in Chile: An Epidemiological Approach. Viruses 2024; 16:226. [PMID: 38400002 PMCID: PMC10893044 DOI: 10.3390/v16020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In Chile, edible herbs are mainly grown by small farmers. This type of horticultural crop typically requires intensive management because it is highly susceptible to insects, some of which transmit viruses that severely affect crop yield and quality. In 2019, in coriander plants tested negative for all previously reported viruses, RNA-Seq analysis of one symptomatic plant revealed a plethora of viruses, including one virus known to infect coriander, five viruses never reported in coriander, and a new cytorhabdovirus with a 14,180 nucleotide RNA genome for which the species name Cytorhabdovirus coriandrum was proposed. Since all the detected viruses were aphid-borne, aphids and weeds commonly growing around the coriander field were screened for viruses. The results showed the occurrence of the same seven viruses and the alfalfa mosaic virus, another aphid-borne virus, in aphids and weeds. Together, our findings document the presence of multiple viruses in coriander and the potential role of weeds as virus reservoirs for aphid acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Zamorano
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Paulina Carevic
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Camila Gamboa
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Weier Cui
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Tomislav Curkovic
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Pamela Córdova
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Gastón Higuera
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Luz Ramos-Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Quiroga
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, Campus Colchagua, San Fernando 3070000, Chile;
| | - Nicola Fiore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.Z.); (P.C.); (C.G.); (W.C.); (T.C.); (L.R.-C.)
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Litov AG, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Kalyanova AS, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Rogova AA, Gmyl LV, Karganova GG. Viromes of Tabanids from Russia. Viruses 2023; 15:2368. [PMID: 38140608 PMCID: PMC10748123 DOI: 10.3390/v15122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have greatly enhanced our knowledge of virus biodiversity. Currently, the viromes of hematophagous invertebrates, such as mosquitoes and ixodid ticks, are being actively studied. Tabanidae (Diptera) are a widespread family, with members mostly known for their persistent hematophagous behavior. They transmit viral, bacterial, and other pathogens, both biologically and mechanically. However, tabanid viromes remain severely understudied. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to describe the viromes of several species in the Hybomitra, Tabanus, Chrysops, and Haematopota genera, which were collected in two distant parts of Russia: the Primorye Territory and Ryazan Region. We assembled fourteen full coding genomes of novel viruses, four partial coding genomes, as well as several fragmented viral sequences, which presumably belong to another twelve new viruses. All the discovered viruses were tested for their ability to replicate in mammalian porcine embryo kidney (PEK), tick HAE/CTVM8, and mosquito C6/36 cell lines. In total, 16 viruses were detected in at least one cell culture after three passages (for PEK and C6/36) or 3 weeks of persistence in HAE/CTVM8. However, in the majority of cases, qPCR showed a decline in virus load over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Anna S. Kalyanova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Rogova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (O.A.B.); (I.S.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.R.); (L.V.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Barnes M, Price DC. Endogenous Viral Elements in Ixodid Tick Genomes. Viruses 2023; 15:2201. [PMID: 38005880 PMCID: PMC10675110 DOI: 10.3390/v15112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The documentation of endogenous viral elements (EVEs; virus-derived genetic material integrated into the genome of a nonviral host) has offered insights into how arthropods respond to viral infection via RNA interference pathways. Small non-coding RNAs derived from EVE loci serve to direct RNAi pathways in limiting replication and infection from cognate viruses, thus benefiting the host's fitness and, potentially, vectorial capacity. Here we use informatic approaches to analyze nine available genome sequences of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae; Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. microplus, R. annulatus, Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus, I. scapularis, Hyalomma asiaticum, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Dermacentor silvarum) to identify endogenous viral elements and to illustrate the shared ancestry of all elements identified. Our results highlight a broad diversity of viral taxa as having given rise to 1234 identified EVEs in ticks, with Mononegavirales (specifically Rhabdoviridae) well-represented in this subset of hard ticks. Further investigation revealed extensive adintovirus integrations in several Ixodes species, the prevalence of Bunyavirales EVEs (notably not observed in mosquitoes), and the presence of several elements similar to known emerging human and veterinary pathogens. These results will inform subsequent work on current and past associations with tick species with regard to the viruses from which their "viral fossils" are derived and may serve as a reference for quality control of various tick-omics data that may suffer from misidentification of EVEs as viral genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana C. Price
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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Podgoreanu P, Petre A, Tănasă RI, Dinu S, Oprea M, Marandiuc IM, Vlase E. Sequencing and Partial Molecular Characterization of BAB-TMP, the Babeș Strain of the Fixed Rabies Virus Adapted for Multiplication in Cell Lines. Viruses 2023; 15:1851. [PMID: 37766258 PMCID: PMC10536377 DOI: 10.3390/v15091851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus is a major zoonosis that causes severe nervous disease in humans, leading to paralysis and death. The world's second anti-rabies center was established in 1888 by Victor Babeș, in Bucharest, where an eponymous strain of rabies was isolated and used to develop a method for immunization. The Babeș strain of the rabies virus was used for over 100 years in Romania to produce a rabies vaccine for human use, based on animal nerve tissue, thus having a proven history of prophylactic use. The present study aimed to sequence the whole genome of the Babeș strain and to explore its genetic relationships with other vaccine strains as well as to characterize its relevant molecular traits. After being adapted for multiplication in cell lines and designated BAB-TMP, 99% of the viral genome was sequenced. The overall organization of the genome is similar to that of other rabies vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BAB-TMP strain is closely related to the Russian RV-97 vaccine strain, and both seem to have a common ancestor. The nucleoprotein gene of the investigated genome was the most conserved, and the glycoprotein showed several unique amino acid substitutions within the major antigenic sites and linear epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Radu Iulian Tănasă
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (P.P.); (A.P.)
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Kuhn JH, Abe J, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Kumar Baranwal V, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blouin AG, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Kumar Chaturvedi K, Chooi KM, Crane A, Dal Bó E, Carlos de la Torre J, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Laura García M, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin TR, Gong W, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq J, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther I, Günther S, Hammond J, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Hepojoki J, Higgins CM, Hongō S, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Ikeda K, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Liu R, Lukashevich IS, MacDiarmid RM, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mühlberger E, Nabeshima T, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Ochoa-Corona FM, Okada T, Palacios G, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Rabbidge LO, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rodrigues TCS, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sadiq S, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Shimomoto Y, Kavi Sidharthan V, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Takeyama S, Tatara A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tian X, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Maria Vaira A, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Waltzek TB, Whitfield AE, Wolf YI, Xia H, Xylogianni E, Yanagisawa H, Yano K, Ye G, Yuan Z, Zerbini FM, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhang YZ, Zhao L, Økland AL. Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001864. [PMID: 37622664 PMCID: PMC10721048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Junya Abe
- Ornamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V. Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS,, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnaud G. Blouin
- Virology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William M. de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J. Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R. Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaskin
- Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Consolidation (LELF), Frankfurt, Germany
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ines Günther
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M. Higgins
- The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kenichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J. Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Illumina (China), Beijing, PR China
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robin M. MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H. Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoCampus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L. Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R. Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lee O. Rabbidge
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O. Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thaís C. S. Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Sabrina Sadiq
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen R. Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sawana Takeyama
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Tatara
- Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Tian
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX,, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Evanthia Xylogianni
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kazutaka Yano
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Shepherd JG, Davis C, Streicker DG, Thomson EC. Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:878. [PMID: 37372162 PMCID: PMC10294888 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdoviridae is a large viral family, with members infecting a diverse range of hosts including, vertebrate species, arthropods, and plants. The predominant human pathogen within the family is Rabies lyssavirus, the main cause of human rabies. While rabies is itself a neglected disease, there are other, less well studied, rhabdoviruses known to cause human infection. The increasing application of next-generation sequencing technology to clinical samples has led to the detection of several novel or rarely detected rhabdoviruses associated with febrile illness. Many of these viruses have been detected in low- and middle-income countries where the extent of human infection and the burden of disease remain largely unquantified. This review describes the rhabdoviruses other than Rabies lyssavirus that have been associated with human infection. The discovery of the Bas Congo virus and Ekpoma virus is discussed, as is the re-emergence of species such as Le Dantec virus, which has recently been detected in Africa 40 years after its initial isolation. Chandipura virus and the lyssaviruses that are known to cause human rabies are also described. Given their association with human disease, the viruses described in this review should be prioritised for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Shepherd
- Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.D.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Chris Davis
- Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.D.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Daniel G. Streicker
- Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.D.); (D.G.S.)
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emma C. Thomson
- Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.D.); (D.G.S.)
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Goldberg TL, Blevins E, Leis EM, Standish IF, Richard JC, Lueder MR, Cer RZ, Bishop-Lilly KA. Plasticity, Paralogy, and Pseudogenization: Rhabdoviruses of Freshwater Mussels Elucidate Mechanisms of Viral Genome Diversification and the Evolution of the Finfish-Infecting Rhabdoviral Genera. J Virol 2023; 97:e0019623. [PMID: 37154732 PMCID: PMC10231222 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00196-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae display remarkable genomic variation and ecological diversity. This plasticity occurs despite the fact that, as negative sense RNA viruses, rhabdoviruses rarely if ever recombine. Here, we describe nonrecombinatorial evolutionary processes leading to genomic diversification in the Rhabdoviridae inferred from two novel rhabdoviruses of freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida). Killamcar virus 1 (KILLV-1) from a plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) is closely related phylogenetically and transcriptionally to finfish-infecting viruses in the subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae. KILLV-1 offers a novel example of glycoprotein gene duplication, differing from previous examples in that the paralogs overlap. Evolutionary analyses reveal a clear pattern of relaxed selection due to subfunctionalization in rhabdoviral glycoprotein paralogs, which has not previously been described in RNA viruses. Chemarfal virus 1 (CHMFV-1) from a western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) is closely related phylogenetically and transcriptionally to viruses in the genus Novirhabdovirus, the sole recognized genus in the subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae, representing the first known gammarhabdovirus of a host other than finfish. The CHMFV-1 G-L noncoding region contains a nontranscribed remnant gene of precisely the same length as the NV gene of most novirhabdoviruses, offering a compelling example of pseudogenization. The unique reproductive strategy of freshwater mussels involves an obligate parasitic stage in which larvae encyst in the tissues of finfish, offering a plausible ecological mechanism for viral host-switching. IMPORTANCE Viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae infect a variety of hosts, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and fungi, with important consequences for health and agriculture. This study describes two newly discovered viruses of freshwater mussels from the United States. One virus from a plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) is closely related to fish-infecting viruses in the subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae. The other virus from a western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) is closely related to viruses in the subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae, which until now were only known to infect finfish. Genome features of both viruses provide new evidence of how rhabdoviruses evolved their extraordinary variability. Freshwater mussel larvae attach to fish and feed on tissues and blood, which may explain how rhabdoviruses originally jumped between mussels and fish. The significance of this research is that it improves our understanding of rhabdovirus ecology and evolution, shedding new light on these important viruses and the diseases they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emilie Blevins
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric M. Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Midwest Fisheries Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Isaac F. Standish
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Midwest Fisheries Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordan C. Richard
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern Virginia Field Office, Abingdon, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lueder
- Leidos, Reston, Virginia, USA
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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11
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Chabi-Jesus C, Ramos-González PL, Tassi AD, Rossetto Pereira L, Bastianel M, Lau D, Canale MC, Harakava R, Novelli VM, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J. Citrus Bright Spot Virus: A New Dichorhavirus, Transmitted by Brevipalpus azores, Causing Citrus Leprosis Disease in Brazil. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12061371. [PMID: 36987059 PMCID: PMC10053991 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus leprosis (CL) is the main viral disease affecting the Brazilian citriculture. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) trees affected by CL were identified in small orchards in Southern Brazil. Rod-like particles of 40 × 100 nm and electron lucent viroplasm were observed in the nucleus of infected cells in symptomatic tissues. RNA extracts from three plants, which proved negative by RT-PCR for known CL-causing viruses, were analyzed by high throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing after RT-PCR. The genomes of bi-segmented ss(-)RNA viruses, with ORFs in a typical organization of members of the genus Dichorhavirus, were recovered. These genomes shared 98-99% nt sequence identity among them but <73% with those of known dichorhavirids, a value below the threshold for new species demarcation within that genus. Phylogenetically, the three haplotypes of the new virus called citrus bright spot virus (CiBSV) are clustered with citrus leprosis virus N, which is a dichorhavirus transmitted by Brevipalpus phoenicis sensu stricto. In CiBSV-infected citrus plants, B. papayensis and B. azores were found, but the virus could only be transmitted to Arabidopsis plants by B. azores. The study provides the first evidence of the role of B. azores as a viral vector and supports the assignment of CiBSV to the tentative new species Dichorhavirus australis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo 04014-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marinês Bastianel
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Canale
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina/Epagri, Paulo Lopes 88490-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elliot Watanabe Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo 04014-002, São Paulo, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Medberry AN, Srivastava A, Diaz-Lara A, Rwahnih MA, Villamor DEV, Tzanetakis IE. A Novel, Divergent Member of the Rhabdoviridae Family Infects Strawberry. Plant Dis 2023; 107:620-623. [PMID: 35857372 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1078-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most important berry crop worldwide and viruses pose a constant threat to the industry. In this communication, we describe a novel virus in the family Rhabdoviridae referred to as strawberry virus 3 (StrV-3). The virus does not show significant homology when compared with recognized rhabdoviruses and, therefore, the establishment of a new genus should be considered. A triplex reverse-transcription PCR test was developed and successfully employed in a survey of the National Clonal Germplasm Repository Fragaria collection. A CRISPR-Cas-based protocol was also developed and shown to detect the virus in as little as 1 fg of total RNA, a protocol to be used in the detection of the virus in candidate G1 plants. The strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) was evaluated-alas, unsuccessfully-as a potential vector of the virus. This work broadens our understanding of the family Rhabdoviridae and assists in the quest of releasing plant material free of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava N Medberry
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, UP 284403, India
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Dan E V Villamor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
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Perinet LC, Mutebi JP, Powers AM, Lutwama JJ, Mossel EC. Yata Virus (Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Ephemerovirus) Isolation from Mosquitoes from Uganda, the First Reported Isolation since 1969. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010021. [PMID: 36810535 PMCID: PMC9944095 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of a systematic study of mosquitoes and associated viruses in Uganda, a virus was isolated from a pool of Mansonia uniformis collected in July 2017, in the Kitgum District of northern Uganda. Sequence analysis determined that the virus is Yata virus (YATAV; Ephemerovirus yata; family Rhabdoviridae). The only previous reported isolation of YATAV was in 1969 in Birao, Central African Republic, also from Ma. uniformis mosquitoes. The current sequence is over 99% identical at the nucleotide level to the original isolate, indicating a high level of YATAV genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C. Perinet
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Ann M. Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eric C. Mossel
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kud J, Dahan J, Orellana GE, Dandurand LM, Karasev AV. A Novel Rhabdovirus Associated with the Idaho Population of Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 36560722 DOI: 10.3390/v14122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globodera pallida, a potato cyst nematode (PCN), is a quarantine endoparasitic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the US due to its effects on yield and quality of potato tubers. A new rhabdovirus, named potato cyst nematode rhabdovirus (PcRV), was revealed and characterized in the G. pallida populations collected in Idaho through use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and RT-PCR and found to be most closely related to soybean cyst nematode rhabdovirus (ScRV). PcRV has a 13,604 bp long, single-stranded RNA genome encoding five open reading frames, including four rhabdovirus-specific genes, N, P, G, and L, and one unknown gene. PcRV was found present in eggs, invasive second-stage juveniles, and parasitic females of G. pallida, implying a vertical transmission mode. RT-PCR and partial sequencing of PcRV in laboratory-reared G. pallida populations maintained over five years suggested that the virus is highly persistent and genetically stable. Two other Globodera spp. reproducing on potato and reported in the US, G. rostochiensis and G. ellingtonae, tested negative for PcRV presence. To the best of our knowledge, PcRV is the first virus experimentally found infecting G. pallida. Based on their similar genome organizations, the phylogeny of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains (L gene), and relatively high identity levels in their protein products, PcRV and ScRV are proposed to form a new genus, provisionally named "Gammanemrhavirus", within the family Rhabdoviridae.
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15
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Sameroff S, Tokarz R, Vucelja M, Jain K, Oleynik A, Boljfetić M, Bjedov L, Yates RA, Margaletić J, Oura CAL, Lipkin WI, Cvetko Krajinović L, Markotić A. Virome of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis concinna Ticks from Croatia. Viruses 2022; 14:929. [PMID: 35632671 DOI: 10.3390/v14050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases are a serious threat to both public and veterinary health. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the virome of three tick species implicated in the spread of vector-borne disease throughout Croatia. Ten viruses were identified, including seven potential novel species within the viral families Flaviviridae, Nyamiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Nairoviridae.
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16
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Litov AG, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Gmyl LV, Oorzhak ND, Saryglar AA, Ishmukhametov AA, Karganova GG. Possible Arbovirus Found in Virome of Melophagus ovinus. Viruses 2021; 13:2375. [PMID: 34960644 DOI: 10.3390/v13122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Lipopteninae subfamily are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals. The sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) is a widely distributed ectoparasite of sheep. It can be found in most sheep-rearing areas and can cause skin irritation, restlessness, anemia, weight loss and skin injuries. Various bacteria and some viruses have been detected in M. ovinus; however, the virome of this ked has never been studied using modern approaches. Here, we study the virome of M. ovinus collected in the Republic of Tuva, Russia. In our research, we were able to assemble full genomes for five novel viruses, related to the Rhabdoviridae (Sigmavirus), Iflaviridae, Reoviridae and Solemoviridae families. Four viruses were found in all five of the studied pools, while one virus was found in two pools. Phylogenetically, all of the novel viruses clustered together with various recently described arthropod viruses. All the discovered viruses were tested on their ability to replicate in the mammalian porcine embryo kidney (PEK) cell line. Aksy-Durug Melophagus sigmavirus RNA was detected in the PEK cell line cultural supernate after the first, second and third passages. Such data imply that this virus might be able to replicate in mammalian cells, and thus, can be considered as a possible arbovirus.
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Phumee A, Wacharapluesadee S, Petcharat S, Siriyasatien P. A new cluster of rhabdovirus detected in field-caught sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) collected from southern Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:569. [PMID: 34749797 PMCID: PMC8576998 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is changing rapidly due to climate change. This issue has implications for the epidemiology of sand fly-borne diseases, especially sand fly-associated viruses. Few studies concerning sand fly-associated viruses have been conducted in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a molecular survey of groups of pathogenic RNA viruses belonging to the Orbivirus, Phlebovirus, and Flavivirus genera and family Rhabdoviridae in sand fly samples collected from southern Thailand. METHODS Sand flies were collected at two locations in Trang and Songkhla provinces of southern Thailand, and individual sand fly samples were processed for species identification and virus detection. The Orbivirus, Phlebovirus, and Flavivirus genera and family Rhabdoviridae molecular determination was performed by RT-PCR, and positive samples were identified by cloning and sequencing, cell culture inoculation, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The results presented in this study were based on the analysis of a total of 331 female sand flies. This molecular study revealed evidence of Rhabdoviridae family virus presence in Phlebotomus papatasi (3/331, 0.9%). The findings demonstrated a new cluster of rhabdovirus that was closely related to Bactrocera dorsalis sigmavirus strain BDSV.abc5 and the lineages of insect-specific Rhabdoviridae. In addition, the Bayesian tree suggested that the common ancestor of this group was the dimarhabdovirus clade. It was assumed that the virus may have switched hosts during its evolution. However, the detection of Orbivirus, Phlebovirus, and Flavivirus genera using specific primers for RT-PCR was negative in the collected sand flies. CONCLUSIONS There is limited knowledge on the genetic diversity and ecology of Rhabdoviridae in Thailand. This is the first data regarding the circulation of Rhabdoviridae in Ph. papatasi from Thailand. We found a new cluster of rhabdoviruses that was close to the new B. dorsalis sigmavirus. It is possible that there is a great deal of diversity in this family yet to be discovered, and a more extensive survey for new rhabdoviruses may uncover viruses from a wide diversity of host taxa and broaden our understanding of the relationships among the Rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Phumee
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.,Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.,Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sininat Petcharat
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Snyman J, Venter GJ, Venter M. An Investigation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Potential Vectors of Medically and Veterinary Important Arboviruses in South Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:1978. [PMID: 34696407 DOI: 10.3390/v13101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicoides-borne viruses such as bluetongue, African horse sickness, and Schmallenberg virus cause major economic burdens due to animal outbreaks in Africa and their emergence in Europe and Asia. However, little is known about the role of Culicoides as vectors for zoonotic arboviruses. In this study, we identify both veterinary and zoonotic arboviruses in pools of Culicoides biting midges in South Africa, during 2012–2017. Midges were collected at six surveillance sites in three provinces and screened for Alphavirs, Flavivirus, Orthobunyavirus, and Phlebovirus genera; equine encephalosis virus (EEV); and Rhaboviridae, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In total, 66/331 (minimum infection rate (MIR) = 0.4) pools tested positive for one or more arbovirus. Orthobunyaviruses, including Shuni virus (MIR = 0.1) and EEV (MIR = 0.2) were more readily detected, while only 2/66 (MIR = 0.1) Middelburg virus and 4/66 unknown Rhabdoviridae viruses (MIR = 0.0) were detected. This study suggests Culicoides as potential vectors of both veterinary and zoonotic arboviruses detected in disease outbreaks in Africa, which may contribute to the emergence of these viruses to new regions.
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Pallandre L, Lautraite A, Feuvrier C, Pozet F, Dacheux L, Bigarré L. A New Lineage of Perch Rhabdovirus Associated with Mortalities of Farmed Perch. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101256. [PMID: 34684205 PMCID: PMC8540231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A perhabdovirus was isolated from a mortality episode affecting a fish farm in 2019 in Western Europe. This virus was produced in cell culture and was readily detected by a species-specific real-time PCR assay. The near-complete sequence of the virus obtained showed some relatedness with viruses of the species Perhabdovirus perca. However, it was distinct enough from these viruses to form a separate genetic lineage. Multiple substitutions along the genome caused non-detection using a range of conventional PCRs previously shown to target four known genogroups of perhabdoviruses. However, various generic PCRs efficiently detected the isolated virus. The origin of this virus remains to be elucidated. It may have been introduced into the farm via wild genitors. This finding provides new evidence of the high genetic diversity of percid perhabdoviruses and the potential of new genotypes to emerge as threats for fish farming. Efforts to improve the existing diagnostic methods and control this large group of viruses are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Pallandre
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | | | - Claudette Feuvrier
- Jura Departemental Analysis Laboratory, 39802 Poligny, France; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Françoise Pozet
- Jura Departemental Analysis Laboratory, 39802 Poligny, France; (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus, Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France;
| | - Laurent Bigarré
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-298224982
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McGregor BL, Rozo-Lopez P, Davis TM, Drolet BS. Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana from Insects Collected during the 2020 Outbreak in Kansas, USA. Pathogens 2021; 10:1126. [PMID: 34578160 PMCID: PMC8471201 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a reportable viral disease which affects horses, cattle, and pigs in the Americas. Outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) in the United States typically occur on a 5-10-year cycle, usually affecting western and southwestern states. In 2019-2020, an outbreak of VSV Indiana serotype (VSV-IN) extended eastward into the states of Kansas and Missouri for the first time in several decades, leading to 101 confirmed premises in Kansas and 37 confirmed premises in Missouri. In order to investigate which vector species contributed to the outbreak in Kansas, we conducted insect surveillance at two farms that experienced confirmed VSV-positive cases, one each in Riley County and Franklin County. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps were used to collect biting flies on the premises. Two genera of known VSV vectors, Culicoides biting midges and Simulium black flies, were identified to species, pooled by species, sex, reproductive status, and collection site, and tested for the presence of VSV-IN RNA by RT-qPCR. In total, eight positive pools were detected from Culicoides sonorensis (1), Culicoides stellifer (3), Culicoides variipennis (1), and Simulium meridionale (3). The C. sonorensis- and C. variipennis-positive pools were from nulliparous individuals, possibly indicating transovarial or venereal transmission as the source of virus. This is the first report of VSV-IN in field caught C. stellifer and the first report of either serotype in S. meridionale near outbreak premises. These results improve our understanding of the role midges and black flies play in VSV epidemiology in the United States and broadens the scope of vector species for targeted surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L. McGregor
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (B.L.M.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Paula Rozo-Lopez
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Travis M. Davis
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (B.L.M.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Barbara S. Drolet
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (B.L.M.); (T.M.D.)
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21
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Zeng YJ, Hsu MK, Tsai CA, Chu CY, Wu HC, Wang HY. A Senescence-Like Cellular Response Inhibits Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Proliferation. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:601. [PMID: 34200003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During industrial-scale production of viruses for vaccine manufacturing, anti-viral response of host cells can dampen maximal viral antigen yield. In addition to interferon responses, many other cellular responses, such as the AMPK signaling pathway or senescence-like response may inhibit or slow down virus amplification in the cell culture system. In this study, we first performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole-genome mRNA transcriptome and found a senescence-like cellular response in BHK-21 cells when infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). To demonstrate that this senescence-like state may reduce virus growth, BHK-21 subclones showing varying degrees of a senescence-like state were infected with BEFV. The results showed that the BHK-21 subclones showing high senescence staining could inhibit BEFV replication while low senescence-staining subclones are permissive to virus replication. Using a different approach, a senescence-like state was induced in BHK-21 using a small molecule, camptothecin (CPT), and BEFV susceptibility were examined. The results showed that CPT-treated BHK-21 is more resistant to virus infection. Overall, these results indicate that a senescence-like response may be at play in BHK-21 upon virus infection. Furthermore, cell clone selection and modulating treatments using small molecules may be tools in countering anti-viral responses.
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22
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Sharpe SR, Morrow JL, Brettell LE, Shearman DC, Gilchrist S, Cook JM, Riegler M. Tephritid fruit flies have a large diversity of co-occurring RNA viruses. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107569. [PMID: 33727045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tephritid fruit flies are amongst the most devastating pests of horticulture, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs have been developed for their control. Their interactions with viruses are still mostly unexplored, yet, viruses may negatively affect tephritid health and performance in SIT programs, and, conversely, constitute potential biological control agents. Here we analysed ten transcriptome libraries obtained from laboratory populations of nine tephritid species from Australia (six species of Bactrocera, and Zeugodacus cucumis), Asia (Bactrocera dorsalis) and Europe (Ceratitis capitata). We detected new viral diversity, including near-complete (>99%) and partially complete (>80%) genomes of 34 putative viruses belonging to eight RNA virus families. On average, transcriptome libraries included 3.7 viruses, ranging from 0 (Z. cucumis) to 9 (B. dorsalis). Most viruses belonged to the Picornavirales, represented by fourteen Dicistroviridae (DV), nine Iflaviridae (IV) and two picorna-like viruses. Others were a virus from Rhabdoviridae (RV), one from Xinmoviridae (both Mononegavirales), several unclassified Negev- and toti-like viruses, and one from Metaviridae (Ortervirales). Using diagnostic PCR primers for four viruses found in the transcriptome of the Bactrocera tryoni strain bent wings (BtDV1, BtDV2, BtIV1, and BtRV1), we tested nine Australian laboratory populations of five species (B. tryoni, Bactrocera neohumeralis, Bactrocera jarvisi, Bactrocera cacuminata, C. capitata), and one field population each of B. tryoni, B. cacuminata and Dirioxa pornia. Viruses were present in most laboratory and field populations yet their incidence differed for each virus. Prevalence and co-occurrence of viruses in B. tryoni and B. cacuminata were higher in laboratory than field populations. This raises concerns about the potential accumulation of viruses and their potential health effects in laboratory and mass-rearing environments which might affect flies used in research and control programs such as SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Morrow
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Laura E Brettell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Deborah C Shearman
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - James M Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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23
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Jia W, Wang F, Xiao S, Yang Y, Chen L, Li J, Bao Y, Song Q, Ye G. Identification and characterization of a novel rhabdovirus in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. Virus Res 2021; 296:198281. [PMID: 33548414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecological diverse groups of RNA viruses, with remarkable genome complexity and wide host range. Rhabdoviruses are discovered in many insect species, and insects, such as midges, mosquitoes, aphids and leafhoppers, act as crucial vectors for rhabdovirus transmission. Here, a novel rhabdovirus was identified in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a common virus vector on rice. This virus was named as Nephotettix cincticeps negative-stranded RNA virus-1 (NcNSRV-1). The genome of NcNSRV-1 is 12,361 nucleotides in length, flanked by untranslated 3' leader and 5' trailer. The anti-sense viral genome consists of five major structural protein genes (N, P, M, G and L), which shares a typical architecture with the family Rhabdoviridae. An additional gene, P6, is interposed between G and L genes. NcNSRV-1 is phylogenetically clustered with the unclassified rhabdoviruses isolated from insects and exhibits low sequence identities with other viruses. The transcription regulatory sequences in NcNSRV-1 gene junctions were determined, revealing a unique transcription initiation sequence. In view of the phylogeny, sequence identity and genome organization, NcNSRV-1 is likely to be an insect rhabdovirus. Field surveys showed NcNSRV-1 was prevalent in the rice field populations of N. cincticeps in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Blitvich BJ, Magalhaes T, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Foy BD. Sexual Transmission of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090933. [PMID: 32854298 PMCID: PMC7552039 DOI: 10.3390/v12090933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily maintained in nature in transmission cycles between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but an increasing number of arboviruses have been isolated from or indirectly detected in the urogenital tract and sexual secretions of their vertebrate hosts, indicating that further investigation on the possibility of sexual transmission of these viruses is warranted. The most widely recognized sexually-transmitted arbovirus is Zika virus but other arboviruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus, might also be transmitted, albeit occasionally, by this route. This review summarizes our current understanding on the ability of arboviruses to be sexually transmitted. We discuss the sexual transmission of arboviruses between humans and between vertebrate animals, but not arthropod vectors. Every taxonomic group known to contain arboviruses (Asfarviridae, Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Togaviridae) is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-9861; Fax: +1-515-294-8500
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
| | - S. Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Brian D. Foy
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
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25
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Pallandre L, Luo D, Feuvrier C, Lieffrig F, Pozet F, Dacheux L, Bigarré L. Revisiting the Classification of Percid Perhabdoviruses Using New Full-Length Genomes. Viruses 2020; 12:E649. [PMID: 32560066 DOI: 10.3390/v12060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhabdoviruses are a threat to some freshwater fish species raised in aquaculture farms in Europe. Although the genetic diversity of these viruses is suspected to be high, the classification of isolates is still in its infancy, with just one full-length genome available and only partial sequences for a limited number of others. Here, we characterized a series of viruses isolated from percids in France from 1999 to 2009 by sequencing the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Four main clusters were distinguished, all related at varying levels of similarity to one of the two already-recognized species, namely Perch perhabdovirus and Sea trout perhabdovirus. Furthermore, we obtained the complete genome of five isolates, including one belonging to Sea trout rhabdovirus. The analysis of the complete L genes and the concatenated open reading frames confirmed the existence of four main genetic clusters, sharing 69 to 74% similarity. We propose the assignation of all these viral isolates into four species, including two new ones: Perch perhabdovirus 1, Perch perhabdovirus 2, Sea trout perhabdovirus 1 and Sea trout perhabdovirus 2. In addition, we developed new primers to readily amplify specific portions of the N gene of any isolate of each species by conventional PCR. The presence of such genetically diverse viruses in France is likely due to divergent viral populations maintained in the wild and then introduced to experimental facilities or farms, as well as via trade between farms across the European continent. It is now urgent to improve the identification tools for this large group of viruses to prevent their unchecked dissemination.
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26
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Lytras S, Hughes J. Synonymous Dinucleotide Usage: A Codon-Aware Metric for Quantifying Dinucleotide Representation in Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E462. [PMID: 32325924 PMCID: PMC7232450 DOI: 10.3390/v12040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct patterns of dinucleotide representation, such as CpG and UpA suppression, are characteristic of certain viral genomes. Recent research has uncovered vertebrate immune mechanisms that select against specific dinucleotides in targeted viruses. This evidence highlights the importance of systematically examining the dinucleotide composition of viral genomes. We have developed a novel metric, called synonymous dinucleotide usage (SDU), for quantifying dinucleotide representation in coding sequences. Our method compares the abundance of a given dinucleotide to the null hypothesis of equal synonymous codon usage in the sequence. We present a Python3 package, DinuQ, for calculating SDU and other relevant metrics. We have applied this method on two sets of invertebrate- and vertebrate-specific flaviviruses and rhabdoviruses. The SDU shows that the vertebrate viruses exhibit consistently greater under-representation of CpG dinucleotides in all three codon positions in both datasets. In comparison to existing metrics for dinucleotide quantification, the SDU allows for a statistical interpretation of its values by comparing it to a null expectation based on the codon table. Here we apply the method to viruses, but coding sequences of other living organisms can be analysed in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Lytras
- MRC—University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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27
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de Almeida GL, Cargnelutti JF, Ries AS, Ferreira JC, Rosa JCA, Batista HBCR, Flores EF, Weiblen R. Sequence analysis of nucleoprotein gene reveals the co-circulation of lineages and sublineages of rabies virus in herbivorous in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:837-846. [PMID: 31953649 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented outbreak of rabies occurred in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from 2012 onward, resulting in thousands of bovine deaths, important economic losses, and posing risk to human health. This article describes a genetic analysis of 145 rabies viruses (RABV) recovered from herbivorous from RS between 2012 and 2017, based on partial sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) gene. High nucleotide (nt) identity (95.5 to 100%) and amino acid (aa) similarity (96.7 to 100%) were observed among the analyzed sequences. These sequences displayed a high sequence nt identity/aa similarity with bovine RABV sequences (96.4-97.9%; 98.1-100%, respectively) and vampire bat RABV sequences (96.3-97.5%; 97.8-99.5%). Phylogenetic analyzes based on the N sequence allowed for the segregation of viruses into two distinct clusters. Cluster 1 comprised RABV sequences covering the whole studied period, whereas cluster 2 grouped a lower number of viruses from 2013, 2014, 2015, to 2017. In some cases, viruses obtained from the same region within a short period of time grouped to distinct clusters or sub-clusters, indicating the co-circulation of distinct virus lineages in these outbreaks. The segregation into sub-clusters was also observed for viral sequences obtained from the same region at different times, indicating the involvement of distinct viruses. In summary, partial sequence analyses revealed a high conservation of N protein and the circulation of two lineages and different sublineages of RABV in the region. In addition, our results confirm the suitability of N gene to study the genetic relationships among RABV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisane L de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Hospital Veterinário, prédio 97, sala 126, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.,Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1384, Menino Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90150-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ananda S Ries
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Hospital Veterinário, prédio 97, sala 126, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - José C Ferreira
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1384, Menino Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90150-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio C A Rosa
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1384, Menino Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90150-900, Brazil
| | - Helena B C R Batista
- Instituto Pasteur, Av. Paulista, 393, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01311-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Rudi Weiblen
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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28
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Emelianchik A, Rodrigues TCS, Subramaniam K, Nielsen O, Burek-Huntington KA, Rotstein D, Popov VL, Stone D, Waltzek TB. Characterization of a novel rhabdovirus isolated from a stranded harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Virus Res 2019; 273:197742. [PMID: 31499088 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An adult male harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded off the coast of Alaska displaying poor body condition, scattered mild ulcerative dermatitis, and necrotizing balanoposthitis. Necropsy findings included severe verminous panniculitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, and enteritis. Histopathological examination of skin lesions revealed a pustular epidermitis and dermatitis, with ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes and occasional amphophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. A swab sample collected from the ulcerative penile lesions was processed for virus isolation resulting in cytopathic effects observed in primary beluga whale kidney (BWK) cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed bullet-shaped virions budding from the cell surface of infected BWK cells consistent with a rhabdovirus. A cDNA library was prepared using RNA extracted from infected cell culture supernatant and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. The near-complete genome of a novel rhabdovirus was recovered. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses based on the complete L gene supported the harbour porpoise rhabdovirus (HPRV) as a new species. HPRV clustered phylogenetically with dolphin rhabdovirus (DRV) and this cetacean rhabdovirus clade was found to be the sister group to members of the genus Perhabdovirus that infect fish. A specific nested RT-PCR assay detected HPRV RNA in the epaxial musculature of the harbour porpoise. Our results are consistent with a previous hypothesis that cetacean rhabdoviruses may have arisen following a host jump from fish and suggest that DRV and HPRV represent separate species belonging in a new genus within the family Rhabdoviridae. Further research is needed to determine the health impact of HPRV in harbour porpoise populations, its prevalence, and route of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - David Rotstein
- Marine Mammal Pathology Services, 19117 Bloomfield Road, 20832, Olney, Maryland, USA
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, 77555-0609, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - David Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, 32611, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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29
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Caì Y, Yú S, Jangra RK, Postnikova EN, Wada J, Tesh RB, Whelan SPJ, Lauck M, Wiley MR, Finch CL, Radoshitzky SR, O’Connor DH, Palacios G, Chandran K, Chiu CY, Kuhn JH. Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Bat Cells Are Broadly Susceptible to Tibrovirus Particle Cell Entry. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31105663 PMCID: PMC6499107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the genome of a novel rhabdovirus, Bas-Congo virus (BASV), was discovered in the acute-phase serum of a Congolese patient with presumed viral hemorrhagic fever. In the absence of a replicating virus isolate, fulfilling Koch's postulates to determine whether BASV is indeed a human virus and/or pathogen has been impossible. However, experiments with vesiculoviral particles pseudotyped with Bas-Congo glycoprotein suggested that BASV particles can enter cells from multiple animals, including humans. In 2015, genomes of two related viruses, Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1) and Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2), were detected in human sera in Nigeria. Isolates could not be obtained. Phylogenetic analyses led to the classification of BASV, EKV-1, and EKV-2 in the same genus, Tibrovirus, together with five biting midge-borne rhabdoviruses [i.e., Beatrice Hill virus (BHV), Bivens Arm virus (BAV), Coastal Plains virus (CPV), Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV), and Tibrogargan virus (TIBV)] not known to infect humans. Using individual recombinant vesiculoviruses expressing the glycoproteins of all eight known tibroviruses and more than 75 cell lines representing different animal species, we demonstrate that the glycoproteins of all tibroviruses can mediate vesiculovirus particle entry into human, bat, nonhuman primate, cotton rat, boa constrictor, and Asian tiger mosquito cells. Using four of five isolated authentic tibroviruses (i.e., BAV, CPV, SWBV, and TIBV), our experiments indicate that many cell types may be partially resistant to tibrovirus replication after virion cell entry. Consequently, experimental data solely obtained from experiments using tibrovirus surrogate systems (e.g., vesiculoviral pseudotypes, recombinant vesiculoviruses) cannot be used to predict whether BASV, or any other tibrovirus, infects humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yíngyún Caì
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shuǐqìng Yú
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Elena N. Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Lauck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael R. Wiley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Courtney L. Finch
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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30
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Moreira IL, de Sousa DER, Ferreira-Junior JA, de Castro MB, Fino TCM, Borges JRJ, Soto-Blanco B, Câmara ACL. Paralytic rabies in a goat. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:338. [PMID: 30419906 PMCID: PMC6233588 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paralytic form of rabies is frequent in cattle in Latin America, but it is uncommon in goats. There are few clinical reports on furious rabies affecting goats, and the sporadic cases of rabid goats from surveillance programs worldwide lack clinical data. Furthermore, few studies reported the cerebrospinal fluid findings in rabid livestock. Case presentation On a farm in Midwestern Brazil, six of 47 Saanen goats died within one week. No vaccination protocols were implemented on the farm and the owner stated bat bites history on the livestock. Although rabies is endemic in Brazil, livestock vaccination is not mandatory. One 1-year-old buck was evaluated and showed non-specific clinical signs evolving within 12-h to nervous signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis, hyperproteinemia and high glucose levels. At necropsy, no gross lesions were present. Microscopically, discrete to moderate perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffing in gray and white matter, neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and mononuclear ganglioneuritis was observed in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong anti-rabies virus immunostaining. Fresh central nervous system samples were positive for rabies in direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) and mouse intracerebral inoculation test (MIT). Exposed livestock recommendations included immediate vaccination, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks. Conclusion IHC revealed the widespread distribution of rabies virus antigen in the goat’s CNS, contrasting the discrete pathological changes. In this goat, definitive diagnosis of paralytic rabies was obtained through the association of epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, pathological findings (histology and IHC) and gold standard confirmatory tests (dFAT and MIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Louzada Moreira
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Jair Alves Ferreira-Junior
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Tayná Cardim Morais Fino
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - José Renato Junqueira Borges
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31275-013, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
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31
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Walker PJ, Blasdell KR, Calisher CH, Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Kurath G, Longdon B, Stone DM, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Rhabdoviridae. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:447-448. [PMID: 29465028 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae comprises viruses with negative-sense (-) single-stranded RNA genomes of 10.8-16.1 kb. Virions are typically enveloped with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Rhabdoviruses infect plants and animals including mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, as well as arthropods which serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants. Rhabdoviruses include important pathogens of humans, livestock, fish and agricultural crops. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of Rhabdoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Ben Longdon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA
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32
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Longdon B, Day JP, Schulz N, Leftwich PT, de Jong MA, Breuker CJ, Gibbs M, Obbard DJ, Wilfert L, Smith SCL, McGonigle JE, Houslay TM, Wright LI, Livraghi L, Evans LC, Friend LA, Chapman T, Vontas J, Kambouraki N, Jiggins FM. Vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses are found across three insect families and have dynamic interactions with their hosts. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2381. [PMID: 28100819 PMCID: PMC5310039 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A small number of free-living viruses have been found to be obligately vertically transmitted, but it remains uncertain how widespread vertically transmitted viruses are and how quickly they can spread through host populations. Recent metagenomic studies have found several insects to be infected with sigma viruses (Rhabdoviridae). Here, we report that sigma viruses that infect Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata), Drosophila immigrans, and speckled wood butterflies (Pararge aegeria) are all vertically transmitted. We find patterns of vertical transmission that are consistent with those seen in Drosophila sigma viruses, with high rates of maternal transmission, and lower rates of paternal transmission. This mode of transmission allows them to spread rapidly in populations, and using viral sequence data we found the viruses in D. immigrans and C. capitata had both recently swept through host populations. The viruses were common in nature, with mean prevalences of 12% in C. capitata, 38% in D. immigrans and 74% in P. aegeria. We conclude that vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses may be widespread in a broad range of insect taxa, and that these viruses can have dynamic interactions with their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Longdon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jonathan P Day
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nora Schulz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.,Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip T Leftwich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Maaike A de Jong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Casper J Breuker
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Melanie Gibbs
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Darren J Obbard
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Sophia C L Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - John E McGonigle
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Thomas M Houslay
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Lucy I Wright
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK.,Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Luca Livraghi
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Luke C Evans
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Lucy A Friend
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Lab Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Entomology, Institute Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Foundation for Research and Technology, Voutes, 70013, Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Natasa Kambouraki
- Lab Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Entomology, Institute Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Foundation for Research and Technology, Voutes, 70013, Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Francis M Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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33
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Vennerström P, Välimäki E, Lyytikäinen T, Hautaniemi M, Vidgren G, Koski P, Virtala AM. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV Id) infections are detected more consistently using syndromic vs. active surveillance. Dis Aquat Organ 2017; 126:111-123. [PMID: 29044041 DOI: 10.3354/dao03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The eradication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV Id) from Finnish brackish-water rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss farms located in the restriction zone in the Province of Åland, Baltic Sea, failed several times in the 2000s. The official surveillance programme was often unable to find VHSV-positive populations, leading to the misbelief in the fish farming industry that virus eradication could be achieved. The ability of 3 other surveillance programmes to detect infected fish populations was compared with the official programme. One programme involved syndromic surveillance based on the observation of clinical disease signs by fish farmers, while 2 programmes comprised active surveillance similar to the official programme, but included increased sampling frequencies and 2 additional tests. The syndromic surveillance concentrated on sending in samples for analysis when any sign of a possible infectious disease at water temperatures below 15°C was noticed. This programme clearly outperformed active surveillance. A real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method proved to be at least as sensitive as virus isolation in cell culture in detecting acute VHSV infections. An ELISA method was used to test fish serum for antibodies against VHSV. The ELISA method may be a useful tool in VHSV eradication for screening populations during the follow-up period, before declaring an area free of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Vennerström
- Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Damle RG, Sankararaman V, Bhide VS, Mahamuni SA, Walimbe AM, Cherian SS. Genetic characterization of the glycoprotein G of Chandipura viruses in India with emphasis on an outbreak of 2015. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 55:112-116. [PMID: 28882516 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is found to be associated with sporadic encephalitis outbreaks in humans in India since 1965. We report here, the investigation of CHPV activity during the period of June-August 2015 in the state of Gujarat, which revealed 24.44% positivity among 45 referred encephalitis cases. Phylogenetic study of the G gene sequences of strains from Gujarat 2015 along with available sequences of additional strains from different geographical locations and isolation years (1965-2015), indicated the relatedness of the 2015 strain to a group of the CHPV prototype strain of 1965 and the earliest outbreak strains of 2003. Analyses of selection pressure in the G gene revealed positively selected sites within the signal peptide region and a putative CHPV epitope. These results indicate a probable role of G protein-based immune selection and underline the need for continued surveillance to monitor genetic and antigenic variations in the CHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Damle
- Encephalitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - V Sankararaman
- Encephalitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - V S Bhide
- Encephalitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S A Mahamuni
- Encephalitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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35
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Shchelkanov MY, Deviatkin AA, Ananiev VY, Frolov EV, Dombrovskaya IE, Dedkov VG, Ardashev AV, Kolomeets SA, Korotkova IP, Lyubchenko EN, Bandeev VV, Prosyannikova MN, Galkina IV, Ivanushko ES, Emelyanova NP, Baranov NI, Ulyanova SA, Aramilev SV, Fomenko PV, Surovy AL, Poroshin NA, Sokol NN, Maslov DV, Makhinya EE, Shipulin GA. Isolation and complete genome sequencing of rabies virus strain isolated from a brown bear (Ursus arctos) that attacked a human in Primorsky krai (November, 2014). Vopr Virusol 2016; 61:180-186. [PMID: 36494967 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-4-180-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An attack of a brown bear (Ursus arctos) on human was detected in November, 2014 in the Barabash village (Khasan region of the Primorski krai) located in close proximity to the national park Land of the Leopard. The bear was shot. The deviant behavior of the bear indicated the possibility of rabies. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of laboratory methods. The strain RABV/Ursus arctos/Russia/Primorye/PO 01/2014 (further PO 01) was isolated from the brain of the bear. PO 01 is the first completely sequenced Far Eastern strain of RABV. It can be considered as topotypic. PO 01 considerably differs from the vaccine strain RV 97 (GenBank EF542830) that is the basis of attenuated vaccine applied in the Land of the Leopard. At the same time, the immunodominant sites in PO 01 and RV 97 proteins differ slightly. It can be recommended to continue application of the vaccine. The analysis of the PO 01 genome (GenBank KP997032) revealed its belonging to the Eurasian genetic subgroup of the genotype 1 (street rage). Thus, this genetic subgroup stretches to the East. Expansion of the cross-border protected territories of Russia and China in the Far East demands the correct statistics of circulation of the lyssaviruses to be kept.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Shchelkanov
- Far Eastern Federal University.,Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky krai.,Institute of Biological and Soil Science
| | - A A Deviatkin
- Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology
| | - V Y Ananiev
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky krai
| | - E V Frolov
- Inter-regional Veterinary Laboratory in Primorsky krai
| | | | - V G Dedkov
- Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology
| | - A V Ardashev
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky krai
| | - S A Kolomeets
- Regional offices of Rospotrebnadzor in Primorsky krai
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N I Baranov
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky krai
| | - S A Ulyanova
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky krai
| | | | | | - A L Surovy
- Department on Protection, Control and Regulation of Fauna Use of the Administration of Primorsky krai
| | - N A Poroshin
- Inter-regional Veterinary Laboratory in Primorsky krai
| | - N N Sokol
- Inter-regional Veterinary Laboratory in Primorsky krai
| | - D V Maslov
- Regional offices of Rospotrebnadzor in Primorsky krai
| | | | - G A Shipulin
- Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology
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36
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Moutailler S, Popovici I, Devillers E, Vayssier-Taussat M, Eloit M. Diversity of viruses in Ixodes ricinus, and characterization of a neurotropic strain of Eyach virus. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 11:71-81. [PMID: 27158509 PMCID: PMC4845080 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit more pathogens—including bacteria, parasites and viruses—than any other arthropod vector. Although the epidemiological status of many tick-borne bacteria is very well characterized, tick-borne viruses are still relatively under-studied. Recently, several novel tick-borne viruses have been isolated from human febrile illnesses following tick bites, indicating the existence of other potential new and unknown tick-borne viruses. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the virome of Ixodes ricinus, the main vector of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. The majority of collected viral sequences were assigned to two potentially novel Nairovirus and Phlebovirus viruses, with prevalence rates ranging from 3.95% to 23.88% in adults and estimated to be between 0.14% and 72.16% in nymphs. These viruses could not be isolated from the brains of inoculated immunocompromised mice, perhaps indicating that they are unable to infect vertebrates. Within the I. ricinus virome, we also identified contigs with >90% identity to the known Eyach virus. Initially isolated in the 1980s, this virus was indirectly associated with human disease, but had never been extensively studied. Eyach virus prevalence varied between 0.07% and 5.26% in ticks from the French Ardennes and Alsace regions. Eyach virus was successfully isolated following intracerebral inoculation of immunocompromised mice with Eyach virus-positive tick extracts. This virus was also able to multiply and persist in the blood of immunocompetent mice inoculated by intraperitoneal injection, and caused brain infections in three of nine juveniles, without any obvious deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moutailler
- UMR Bipar, INRA, Anses, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - I Popovici
- UMR Bipar, INRA, Anses, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Public Health, Iasi, Romania
| | - E Devillers
- UMR Bipar, INRA, Anses, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - M Eloit
- PathoQuest SAS, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France
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37
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Chen Y, Redinbaugh MG, Michel AP. Molecular interactions and immune responses between Maize fine streak virus and the leafhopper vector Graminella nigrifrons through differential expression and RNA interference. Insect Mol Biol 2015; 24:391-401. [PMID: 25693649 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graminella nigrifrons is the only known vector for Maize fine streak virus (MFSV). In this study, we used real-time quantitative PCR to compare the expression profiles of transcripts that putatively function in the insect immune response: four peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP-SB1, -SD, -LC and LB), Toll, spaetzle, defensin, Dicer-2 (Dcr-2), Argonaut-2 (Ago-2) and Arsenic resistance protein 2 (Ars-2). Except for PGRP-LB and defensin, transcripts involved in humoral pathways were significantly suppressed in G. nigrifrons fed on MFSV-infected maize. The abundance of three RNA interference (RNAi) pathway transcripts (Dcr-2, Ago-2, Ars-2) was significantly lower in nontransmitting relative to transmitting G. nigrifrons. Injection with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) encoding segments of the PGRP-LC and Dcr-2 transcripts effectively reduced transcript levels by 90 and 75% over 14 and 22 days, respectively. MFSV acquisition and transmission were not significantly affected by injection of either dsRNA. Knock-down of PGRP-LC resulted in significant mortality (greater than 90%) at 27 days postinjection, and resulted in more abnormal moults relative to those injected with Dcr-2 or control dsRNA. The use of RNAi to silence G. nigrifrons transcripts will facilitate the study of gene function and pathogen transmission, and may provide approaches for developing novel targets of RNAi-based pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Entomology, the Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OSU-OARDC), Wooster, OH, USA
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38
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Chandler JA, Liu RM, Bennett SN. RNA shotgun metagenomic sequencing of northern California (USA) mosquitoes uncovers viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:185. [PMID: 25852655 PMCID: PMC4371751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes, most often recognized for the microbial agents of disease they may carry, harbor diverse microbial communities that include viruses, bacteria, and fungi, collectively called the microbiota. The composition of the microbiota can directly and indirectly affect disease transmission through microbial interactions that could be revealed by its characterization in natural populations of mosquitoes. Furthermore, the use of shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) approaches could allow the discovery of unknown members of the microbiota. In this study, we use RNA SMS to characterize the microbiota of seven individual mosquitoes (species include Culex pipiens, Culiseta incidens, and Ochlerotatus sierrensis) collected from a variety of habitats in California, USA. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq platform and the resulting sequences were quality-checked and assembled into contigs using the A5 pipeline. Sequences related to single stranded RNA viruses of the Bunyaviridae and Rhabdoviridae were uncovered, along with an unclassified genus of double-stranded RNA viruses. Phylogenetic analysis finds that in all three cases, the closest relatives of the identified viral sequences are other mosquito-associated viruses, suggesting widespread host-group specificity among disparate viral taxa. Interestingly, we identified a Narnavirus of fungi, also reported elsewhere in mosquitoes, that potentially demonstrates a nested host-parasite association between virus, fungi, and mosquito. Sequences related to 8 bacterial families and 13 fungal families were found across the seven samples. Bacillus and Escherichia/Shigella were identified in all samples and Wolbachia was identified in all Cx. pipiens samples, while no single fungal genus was found in more than two samples. This study exemplifies the utility of RNA SMS in the characterization of the natural microbiota of mosquitoes and, in particular, the value of identifying all microbes associated with a specific host.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Angus Chandler
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel M Liu
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon N Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA, USA
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39
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Gotesman M, Soliman H, Besch R, El-Matbouli M. Inhibition of spring viraemia of carp virus replication in an Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line by RNAi. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:197-207. [PMID: 24460815 PMCID: PMC4303980 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is an aetiological agent of a serious disease affecting carp farms in Europe and is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses. The genome of SVCV codes for five proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a powerful tool to inhibit gene transcription and is used to study genes important for viral replication. In previous studies regarding another member of Rhabdoviridae, siRNA inhibition of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene provided in vitro and in vivo protection against rabies. In this study, synthetic siRNA molecules were designed to target SVCV-N and SVCV-P transcripts to inhibit SVCV replication and were tested in an epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line. Inhibition of gene transcription was measured by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The efficacy of using siRNA for inhibition of viral replication was analysed by RT-qPCR measurement of a reporter gene (glycoprotein) expression and by virus endpoint titration. Inhibition of nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein gene expression by siRNA reduced SVCV replication. However, use of tandem siRNAs that target phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein worked best at reducing SVCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gotesman
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary MedicineVienna, Austria
| | - H Soliman
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary MedicineVienna, Austria
- Fish Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of AssiutAssiut, Egypt
| | - R Besch
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - M El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary MedicineVienna, Austria
- CorrespondenceM El-Matbouli, Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria (e-mail: )
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Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated and concise systematic review on taxonomy, history, arthropod vectors, vertebrate hosts, animal disease, and geographic distribution of all arboviruses known to date to cause disease in homeotherm (endotherm) vertebrates, except those affecting exclusively man. Fifty arboviruses pathogenic for animals have been documented worldwide, belonging to seven families: Togaviridae (mosquito-borne Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalilitis viruses; Sindbis, Middelburg, Getah, and Semliki Forest viruses), Flaviviridae (mosquito-borne yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Usutu, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu and Wesselsbron viruses; tick-borne encephalitis, louping ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, and Tyuleniy viruses), Bunyaviridae (tick-borne Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado, and Bhanja viruses; mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever, La Crosse, Snowshoe hare, and Cache Valley viruses; biting midges-borne Main Drain, Akabane, Aino, Shuni, and Schmallenberg viruses), Reoviridae (biting midges-borne African horse sickness, Kasba, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki, equine encephalosis, Peruvian horse sickness, and Yunnan viruses), Rhabdoviridae (sandfly/mosquito-borne bovine ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, vesicular stomatitis-Alagoas, and Coccal viruses), Orthomyxoviridae (tick-borne Thogoto virus), and Asfarviridae (tick-borne African swine fever virus). They are transmitted to animals by five groups of hematophagous arthropods of the subphyllum Chelicerata (order Acarina, families Ixodidae and Argasidae-ticks) or members of the class Insecta: mosquitoes (family Culicidae); biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae); sandflies (subfamily Phlebotominae); and cimicid bugs (family Cimicidae). Arboviral diseases in endotherm animals may therefore be classified as: tick-borne (louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, Tyuleniy fever, Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado fever, Bhanja fever, Thogoto fever, African swine fever), mosquito-borne (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitides, Highlands J disease, Getah disease, Semliki Forest disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Usutu disease, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu disease/duck egg-drop syndrome, Wesselsbron disease, La Crosse encephalitis, Snowshoe hare encephalitis, Cache Valley disease, Main Drain disease, Rift Valley fever, Peruvian horse sickness, Yunnan disease), sandfly-borne (vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, New Jersey, and Alagoas, Cocal disease), midge-borne (Akabane disease, Aino disease, Schmallenberg disease, Shuni disease, African horse sickness, Kasba disease, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki disease, equine encephalosis, bovine ephemeral fever, Kotonkan disease), and cimicid-borne (Buggy Creek disease). Animals infected with these arboviruses regularly develop a febrile disease accompanied by various nonspecific symptoms; however, additional severe syndromes may occur: neurological diseases (meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis); hemorrhagic symptoms; abortions and congenital disorders; or vesicular stomatitis. Certain arboviral diseases cause significant economic losses in domestic animals-for example, Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides, West Nile encephalitis, Nairobi sheep disease, Rift Valley fever, Akabane fever, Schmallenberg disease (emerged recently in Europe), African horse sickness, bluetongue, vesicular stomatitis, and African swine fever; all of these (except for Akabane and Schmallenberg diseases) are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Hubálek
- Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivo Rudolf
- Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Ng TFF, Driscoll C, Carlos MP, Prioleau A, Schmieder R, Dwivedi B, Wong J, Cha Y, Head S, Breitbart M, Delwart E. Distinct lineage of vesiculovirus from big brown bats, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1978-80. [PMID: 24274823 PMCID: PMC3840891 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a novel rhabdovirus, American bat vesiculovirus, from postmortem tissue samples from 120 rabies-negative big brown bats with a history of human contact. Five percent of the tested bats were infected with this virus. The extent of zoonotic exposure and possible health effects in humans from this virus are unknown.
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Vasilakis N, Widen S, Mayer SV, Seymour R, Wood TG, Popov V, Guzman H, Travassos da Rosa APA, Ghedin E, Holmes EC, Walker PJ, Tesh RB. Niakha virus: a novel member of the family Rhabdoviridae isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Senegal. Virology 2013; 444:80-9. [PMID: 23773405 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the family Rhabdoviridae have been assigned to eight genera but many remain unassigned. Rhabdoviruses have a remarkably diverse host range that includes terrestrial and marine animals, invertebrates and plants. Transmission of some rhabdoviruses often requires an arthropod vector, such as mosquitoes, midges, sandflies, ticks, aphids and leafhoppers, in which they replicate. Herein we characterize Niakha virus (NIAV), a previously uncharacterized rhabdovirus isolated from phebotomine sandflies in Senegal. Analysis of the 11,124 nt genome sequence indicates that it encodes the five common rhabdovirus proteins with alternative ORFs in the M, G and L genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the L protein indicate that NIAV's closest relative is Oak Vale rhabdovirus, although in this analysis NIAV is still so phylogenetically distinct that it might be classified as distinct from the eight currently recognized Rhabdoviridae genera. This observation highlights the vast, and yet not fully recognized diversity, of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Vasilakis
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
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