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Longdon B, Day JP, Schulz N, Leftwich PT, de Jong MA, Breuker CJ, Gibbs M, Obbard DJ, Wilfert L, Smith SCL, McGonigle JE, Houslay TM, Wright LI, Livraghi L, Evans LC, Friend LA, Chapman T, Vontas J, Kambouraki N, Jiggins FM. Vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses are found across three insect families and have dynamic interactions with their hosts. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2381. [PMID: 28100819 PMCID: PMC5310039 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A small number of free-living viruses have been found to be obligately vertically transmitted, but it remains uncertain how widespread vertically transmitted viruses are and how quickly they can spread through host populations. Recent metagenomic studies have found several insects to be infected with sigma viruses (Rhabdoviridae). Here, we report that sigma viruses that infect Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata), Drosophila immigrans, and speckled wood butterflies (Pararge aegeria) are all vertically transmitted. We find patterns of vertical transmission that are consistent with those seen in Drosophila sigma viruses, with high rates of maternal transmission, and lower rates of paternal transmission. This mode of transmission allows them to spread rapidly in populations, and using viral sequence data we found the viruses in D. immigrans and C. capitata had both recently swept through host populations. The viruses were common in nature, with mean prevalences of 12% in C. capitata, 38% in D. immigrans and 74% in P. aegeria. We conclude that vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses may be widespread in a broad range of insect taxa, and that these viruses can have dynamic interactions with their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Longdon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jonathan P Day
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nora Schulz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.,Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip T Leftwich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Maaike A de Jong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Casper J Breuker
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Melanie Gibbs
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Darren J Obbard
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Sophia C L Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - John E McGonigle
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Thomas M Houslay
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Lucy I Wright
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus TR10 9FE, UK.,Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Luca Livraghi
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Luke C Evans
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Research Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Lucy A Friend
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Lab Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Entomology, Institute Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Foundation for Research and Technology, Voutes, 70013, Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Natasa Kambouraki
- Lab Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Entomology, Institute Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Foundation for Research and Technology, Voutes, 70013, Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Francis M Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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