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Jitsamai W, Kamkong P, Traub RJ, Taweethavonsawat P. New insight into genetic diversity of zoonotic-potential Ancylostoma ceylanicum in stray cats living in Bangkok, Thailand, based on deep amplicon sequencing. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:236-247. [PMID: 38053474 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to characterize feline hookworms from stray cats living in Bangkok. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 56 hookworm-positive faecal samples were identified for hookworm species by using PCR targeting the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 fragment and qPCR targeting ITS2. Of 56 samples, 96.4% (54/56) were identified as Ancylostoma ceylanicum and 1.8% (1/56) as Ancylostoma caninum. With qPCR, 89.3% (50/56) were identified as single A. ceylanicum infection and 5.4% (3/56) as coinfection of A. ceylanicum and A. caninum. For genetic characterization of A. ceylanicum, 10 samples were pooled, and the partial COI gene was amplified, followed by deep amplicon sequencing. Five pooled samples were analysed, and 99.73% were identified with A. ceylanicum sequences, which were allocated into 19 haplotypes (AC01-AC19). Genetic diversity findings for A. ceylanicum in Asia revealed that three of eight haplotypes considered of zoonotic significance occurred in humans, dogs, and cats, including haplotypes H01, H20, and H21. The predominant haplotype in this study, AC01, was clustered with H01-a zoonotic haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The diversity obtained by deep amplicon sequencing supported that the A. ceylanicum community had high genetic variation. Deep amplicon sequencing was a useful method to determine source, zoonotic potential, and host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanarit Jitsamai
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchana Kamkong
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rebecca J Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biomarkers in Animal Parasitology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hahn V, Zühlke D, Winter H, Landskron A, Bernhardt J, Sievers S, Schmidt M, von Woedtke T, Riedel K, Kolb JF. Proteomic profiling of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli GW-AmxH19 isolated from hospital wastewater treated with physical plasma. Proteomics 2024:e2300494. [PMID: 38644344 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics are a global threat to the health of humans and animals. Wastewater treatment plants are known hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistances. Therefore, novel methods for the inactivation of pathogens, and in particular antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARM), are of increasing interest. An especially promising method could be a water treatment by physical plasma which provides charged particles, electric fields, UV-radiation, and reactive species. The latter are foremost responsible for the antimicrobial properties of plasma. Thus, with plasma it might be possible to reduce the amount of ARM and to establish this technology as additional treatment stage for wastewater remediation. However, the impact of plasma on microorganisms beyond a mere inactivation was analyzed in more detail by a proteomic approach. Therefore, Escherichia coli GW-AmxH19, isolated from hospital wastewater in Germany, was used. The bacterial solution was treated by a plasma discharge ignited between each of four pins and the liquid surface. The growth of E. coli and the pH-value decreased during plasma treatment in comparison with the untreated control. Proteome and antibiotic resistance profile were analyzed. Concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were determined as long-lived indicative products of a transient chemistry associated with reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Conversely, hydrogen peroxide served as indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteome analyses revealed an oxidative stress response as a result of plasma-generated RNS and ROS as well as a pH-balancing reaction as key responses to plasma treatment. Both, the generation of reactive species and a decreased pH-value is characteristic for plasma-treated solutions. The plasma-mediated changes of the proteome are discussed also in comparison with the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, no effect of the plasma treatment, on the antibiotic resistance of E. coli, was determined under the chosen conditions. The knowledge about the physiological changes of ARM in response to plasma is of fundamental interest to understand the molecular basis for the inactivation. This will be important for the further development and implementation of plasma in wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hahn
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annchristin Landskron
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juergen F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Lin Y, Fu S, Chen J, Xu L, Liu T, Niu B, Huang Q, Liu H, Zheng C, Liao M, Jia W. Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30. [PMID: 38640498 DOI: 10.3201/eid3006.230530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We characterized the evolution and molecular characteristics of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated in China during 2021-2023. We systematically analyzed the 10-year evolution of the hemagglutinin gene to determine the evolutionary branch. Our results showed recent antigenic drift, providing crucial clues for updating the H7N9 vaccine and disease prevention and control.
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Pakran J, Alsaberi AM, AlFalasi A, Ibrahim TMKH, Alnuaimi AAEF, Goturu S, Mohamed M, Abraham RM, Sundaramurthi VL, Parambath AK, Jose B, Kamat D, Satish TC, Syeda JT, Gul L, Mathias R, Rasheed Vattiyamveetil S, Backar S, Krishna CV, Al Dhabal L. 'Monkeypox 2.0': Case series on a reconditioned virus causing sexually transmissible disease in urban population. Int J STD AIDS 2024:9564624241244832. [PMID: 38610106 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241244832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MPOX (Monkeypox) viral infection, a zoonotic disease previously confined to the African sub-continent, has caught attention worldwide recently due to its resurgence in a new 'avatar' among urban communities. Dermatologists in the U. A. E. started to see patients with fever and a self-limiting pustular necrotic rash that was negative for all other infectious investigations. METHODS We performed a prospective observational multicenter clinical study of the demographics, skin manifestations, and outcomes of patients presenting with necrotic pustular lesions and/or fever. RESULTS 35 cases of PCR confirmed MPOX cases, mostly in the expatriate population, were followed up and found to have high-risk heterosexual contact on an average of 1 week prior to disease onset. We found that they have characteristic annular pustular lesions with necrotic center or "Smoke ring pustules' in all cases. Lesion tenderness and predilection for the lower abdomen, pubic area, and genitalia were observed. Most cases were systemically stable, with fever lasting for an average of 4 days and elevated CRP levels. Genital lesions were prone to secondary bacterial infections. The disease was severe, with larger annular plaques in one of our patients found to be living with HIV. CONCLUSIONS The overall prognosis in healthy individuals is good, with lesions healing within an average of 2 weeks without scarring. 'New world MPOX' should be unclassified from zoonosis to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) capable of transmission in an urban population. Our findings can help in early clinical suspicion and differentiation from other STI's for primary and secondary health care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaheersha Pakran
- Dermatology and Aesthetic center, Rashid hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Amani AlFalasi
- Dermatology and Aesthetic center, Rashid hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beena Jose
- Department of Dermatology, Aster Medical Center, Dubai, UAE
| | - Divya Kamat
- Department of Dermatology, Union Medical Centre, Aster Clinic, Al Karama, Dubai
| | | | | | - Lubna Gul
- Department of Dermatology, Zulekha Hospital, Dubai
| | - Rohini Mathias
- Department of Dermatology, Aster Hospital and Aster Day Surgery Centre, Mankhool, Dubai
| | | | - Shaheela Backar
- Department of Dermatology, NMC Royal Hospital, Abudhabi, UAE
| | - C Vijay Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, UAE
| | - Laila Al Dhabal
- Department of Infectious disease, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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Hobbs CV, Rhinewalt JM, Arguello I, Malloch L, Martin L, Poston WM, Byers P, Bradbury RS. Autochthonous Ascariasis, Mississippi, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:821-823. [PMID: 38526329 PMCID: PMC10977833 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.240176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a 2-year-old child who expelled a single adult female Ascaris lumbricoides worm. The patient is from a rural county in Mississippi, USA, with no reported travel outside of the United States. The caregivers in the home practice good sanitation. Exposure to domestic pigs is the likely source of infection.
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Cope ED, Gupta N, Koehler AV, Gasser RB, Crowe A. Ocular Dirofilariasis in Migrant from Sri Lanka, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:829-830. [PMID: 38526371 PMCID: PMC10977853 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.240125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of imported ocular dirofilariasis in Australia, linked to the Hong Kong genotype of Dirofilaria sp., in a migrant from Sri Lanka. Surgical extraction and mitochondrial sequences analyses confirmed this filarioid nematode as the causative agent and a Dirofilaria sp. not previously reported in Australia.
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Umair M, Rehman Z, Whitmer S, Mobley M, Fahim A, Ikram A, Salman M, Montgomery JM, Klena JD. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diversity and Reassortment, Pakistan, 2017-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:654-664. [PMID: 38526059 PMCID: PMC10977834 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporadic cases and outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have been documented across Pakistan since 1976; however, data regarding the diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in Pakistan is sparse. We whole-genome sequenced 36 CCHFV samples collected from persons infected in Pakistan during 2017-2020. Most CCHF cases were from Rawalpindi (n = 10), followed by Peshawar (n = 7) and Islamabad (n = 4). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Asia-1 genotype was dominant, but 4 reassorted strains were identified. Strains with reassorted medium gene segments clustered with Asia-2 (n = 2) and Africa-2 (n = 1) genotypes; small segment reassortments clustered with the Asia-2 genotype (n = 2). Reassorted viruses showed close identity with isolates from India, Iran, and Tajikistan, suggesting potential crossborder movement of CCHFV. Improved and continuous human, tick, and animal surveillance is needed to define the diversity of circulating CCHFV strains in Pakistan and prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon Whitmer
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Melissa Mobley
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Ammad Fahim
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Muhammad Salman
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - John D. Klena
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
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Schöll M, Höhn C, Boucsein J, Moek F, Plath J, an der Heiden M, Huska M, Kröger S, Paraskevopoulou S, Siffczyk C, Buchholz U, Lachmann R. Bus Riding as Amplification Mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Germany, 2021 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:711-720. [PMID: 38526123 PMCID: PMC10977817 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To examine the risk associated with bus riding and identify transmission chains, we investigated a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany in 2021 that involved index case-patients among bus-riding students. We used routine surveillance data, performed laboratory analyses, interviewed case-patients, and conducted a cohort study. We identified 191 case-patients, 65 (34%) of whom were elementary schoolchildren. A phylogenetically unique strain and epidemiologic analyses provided a link between air travelers and cases among bus company staff, schoolchildren, other bus passengers, and their respective household members. The attack rate among bus-riding children at 1 school was ≈4 times higher than among children not taking a bus to that school. The outbreak exemplifies how an airborne agent may be transmitted effectively through (multiple) short (<20 minutes) public transport journeys and may rapidly affect many persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes Boucsein
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Felix Moek
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Jasper Plath
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Maria an der Heiden
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Matthew Huska
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Stefan Kröger
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
| | - Claudia Siffczyk
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek, M. an der Heiden, M. Huska, S. Kröger, S. Paraskevopoulou, C. Siffczyk, U. Buchholz, R. Lachmann)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (M. Schöll, J. Boucsein, F. Moek)
- Public Health Authority Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hesse, Germany (C. Höhn, J. Plath)
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Gueye YB, Sall Y, Roka JL, Diagne I, Sow KD, Diallo A, Dièye PS, Diallo JP, Diop B, Pasi O. Case Management of Imported Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Senegal, July 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:805-807. [PMID: 38526304 PMCID: PMC10977836 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an imported Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever case in Senegal. The patient received PCR confirmation of virus infection 10 days after symptom onset. We identified 46 patient contacts in Senegal; 87.7% were healthcare professionals. Strengthening border crossing and community surveillance systems can help reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission.
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Kalonji T, Malembi E, Matela JP, Likafi T, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, Vakaniaki EH, Hoff NA, Aziza A, Muyembe F, Kabamba J, Cooreman T, Nguete B, Witte D, Ayouba A, Fernandez-Nuñez N, Roge S, Peeters M, Merritt S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Delaporte E, Pukuta E, Mariën J, Bangwen E, Lakin S, Lewis C, Doty JB, Liesenborghs L, Hensley LE, McCollum A, Rimoin AW, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Shongo R, Kaba D, Mbala-Kingebeni P. Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:761-765. [PMID: 38526165 PMCID: PMC10977837 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In September 2022, deaths of pigs manifesting pox-like lesions caused by swinepox virus were reported in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Two human mpox cases were found concurrently in the surrounding community. Specific diagnostics and robust sequencing are needed to characterize multiple poxviruses and prevent potential poxvirus transmission.
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Wenham C, Brand TL, Carlin EP, Donachie D, Fèvre S, Greve LC, Hardy E, Okello AL, Standley CJ, Stärk KDC, Lawrence Welle CC. How can gender considerations be better integrated into animal health emergency preparedness and response? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:572-575. [PMID: 38295516 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.10.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Global and national authorities have not historically approached animal health emergencies through a gendered lens. Yet these events almost certainly have gendered dimensions, such as differential engagement of women or men depending on their culturally accepted or assigned roles for animal care; risk of exposure to zoonoses; and access to emergency resources during response and recovery. Despite the role that gender seems to play with respect to animal health emergencies, little research has been conducted to better understand such dynamics, and little policy has been promulgated to address it in a way that optimizes response while ensuring equitable outcomes. This piece summarizes 3 key themes that emerged from a panel discussion on gender and animal health emergencies at the World Organisation for Animal Health Global Conference on Emergency Management in April 2023. These themes were differential gendered exposure to pathogens; a lack of equitable gender representation in animal health decision-making; and enhancement of pathways for recognizing gender in national and international actions in preparing for, detecting, and responding to animal health emergencies. Beyond increasing opportunities for women to engage in leadership, the animal health and veterinary communities will benefit from connecting practitioners with gender experts to develop more integrative approaches to emergency preparedness and management. Animal health professionals should also advocate for further research to elucidate gender-specific dynamics in human populations in the context of animal emergencies and the promulgation of evidence-based policies. Such transformative efforts will lead to better outcomes for all people who depend on and provide care for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Wenham
- 1London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Fèvre
- 2World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Lydia C Greve
- 2World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Emily Hardy
- 4School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Anna L Okello
- 5Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Claire J Standley
- 6Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Baz-Flores S, Jiménez-Martín D, Peralbo-Moreno A, Herraiz C, Cano-Terriza D, Cuadrado-Matías R, García-Bocanegra I, Ruiz-Fons F. Animal Exposure Model for Mapping Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Emergence Risk. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:672-680. [PMID: 38526057 PMCID: PMC10977842 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.221604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To estimate the determinants of spatial variation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) transmission and to create a risk map as a preventive public health tool, we designed a survey of small domestic ruminants in Andalusia, Spain. To assess CCHFV exposure spatial distribution, we analyzed serum from 2,440 sheep and goats by using a double-antigen ELISA and modeled exposure probability with environmental predictors by using generalized linear mixed models. CCHFV antibodies detected in 84 samples confirmed low CCHFV prevalence in small domestic ruminants in the region. The best-fitted statistical model indicated that the most significant predictors of virus exposure risk were cattle/horse density and the normalized difference vegetation index. Model validation showed 99.7% specificity and 10.2% sensitivity for identifying CCHFV circulation areas. To map CCHFV exposure risk, we projected the model at a 1 × 1-km spatial resolution. Our study provides insight into CCHFV ecology that is useful for preventing virus transmission.
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13
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Shaw TM, Dettle ST, Mejia A, Hayes JM, Simmons HA, Basu P, Kuhn JH, Ramuta MD, Warren CJ, Jahrling PB, O'Connor DH, Huang L, Zaeem M, Seo J, Slukvin II, Brown ME, Bailey AL. Isolation of Diverse Simian Arteriviruses Causing Hemorrhagic Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:721-731. [PMID: 38526136 PMCID: PMC10977827 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern. Characterization of most simarteriviruses beyond sequence analysis has not been possible because the viruses fail to propagate in the laboratory. We attempted to isolate 4 simarteriviruses, Kibale red colobus virus 1, Pebjah virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus, and Southwest baboon virus 1, by inoculating an immortalized grivet cell line (known to replicate simian hemorrhagic fever virus), primary macaque cells, macrophages derived from macaque induced pluripotent stem cells, and mice engrafted with macaque CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem cells. The combined effort resulted in successful virus isolation; however, no single approach was successful for all 4 simarteriviruses. We describe several approaches that might be used to isolate additional simarteriviruses for phenotypic characterization. Our results will expedite laboratory studies of simarteriviruses to elucidate virus-host interactions, assess zoonotic risk, and develop medical countermeasures.
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14
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Friant S. Human behaviors driving disease emergence. Evol Anthropol 2024; 33:e22015. [PMID: 38130075 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between humans, animals, and the environment facilitate zoonotic spillover-the transmission of pathogens from animals to humans. Narratives that cast modern humans as exogenous and disruptive forces that encroach upon "natural" disease systems limit our understanding of human drivers of disease. This review leverages theory from evolutionary anthropology that situates humans as functional components of disease ecologies, to argue that human adaptive strategies to resource acquisition shape predictable patterns of high-risk human-animal interactions, (2) humans construct ecological processes that facilitate spillover, and (3) contemporary patterns of epidemiological risk are emergent properties of interactions between human foraging ecology and niche construction. In turn, disease ecology serves as an important vehicle to link what some cast as opposing bodies of theory in human ecology. Disease control measures should consider human drivers of disease as rational, adaptive, and dynamic and capitalize on our capacity to influence ecological processes to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagan Friant
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Mistrick J, Kipp EJ, Weinberg SI, Adams CC, Larsen PA, Craft ME. Microbiome diversity and zoonotic bacterial pathogen prevalence in Peromyscus mice from agricultural landscapes and synanthropic habitat. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17309. [PMID: 38429967 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Rodents are key reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Importantly, anthropogenic land-use change has been found to increase the abundance of rodents that thrive in human-built environments (synanthropic rodents), particularly rodent reservoirs of zoonotic disease. Anthropogenic environments also affect the microbiome of synanthropic wildlife, influencing wildlife health and potentially introducing novel pathogens. Our objective was to examine the effect of agricultural development and synanthropic habitat on microbiome diversity and the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in wild Peromyscus mice to better understand the role of these rodents in pathogen maintenance and transmission. We conducted 16S amplicon sequencing on faecal samples using long-read nanopore sequencing technology to characterize the rodent microbiome. We compared microbiome diversity and composition between forest and synanthropic habitats in agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and screened for putative pathogenic bacteria. Microbiome richness, diversity, and evenness were higher in the agricultural landscape and synanthropic habitat compared to undeveloped-forest habitat. Microbiome composition also differed significantly between agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and forest and synanthropic habitats. We detected overall low diversity and abundance of putative pathogenic bacteria, though putative pathogens were more likely to be found in mice from the agricultural landscape. Our findings show that landscape- and habitat-level anthropogenic factors affect Peromyscus microbiomes and suggest that landscape-level agricultural development may be important to predict zoonotic pathogen prevalence. Ultimately, understanding how anthropogenic land-use change and synanthropy affect rodent microbiomes and pathogen prevalence is important to managing transmission of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mistrick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Evan J Kipp
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah I Weinberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Collin C Adams
- Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Lake Itasca, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Dieng I, Diarra M, Sadio BD, Sow B, Gaye A, Diallo A, Faye M, Ndione MHD, Diallo D, Sankhe S, Ndiaye M, Danfakha F, Diop B, Sall AA, Fall G, Faye O, Loucoubar C, Faye O, Weaver SC, Diallo M, Barry MA, Diagne MM. Reemergence of Sylvatic Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Kedougou, Senegal, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:770-774. [PMID: 38526209 PMCID: PMC10977847 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a sylvatic dengue virus serotype 2 infection outbreak resulted in 59 confirmed dengue cases in Kedougou, Senegal, suggesting those strains might not require adaptation to reemerge into urban transmission cycles. Large-scale genomic surveillance and updated molecular diagnostic tools are needed to effectively prevent dengue virus infections in Senegal.
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17
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Hughes EC, de Glanville W, Kibona T, Mmbaga BT, Rostal MK, Swai ES, Cleaveland S, Lankester F, Willett BJ, Allan KJ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:836-838. [PMID: 38526202 PMCID: PMC10977851 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania. CCHFV seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock was high, as were spatial heterogeneity levels. CCHFV could represent an unrecognized human health risk in this region and should be included as a differential diagnosis for febrile illness.
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18
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Erdin M, Polat C, Smura T, Irmak S, Cetintas O, Cogal M, Colak F, Karatas A, Sozen M, Matur F, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Oktem IMA. Phylogenetic Characterization of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava Virus). Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:779-782. [PMID: 38526228 PMCID: PMC10977844 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.230912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We report complete coding sequences of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava virus) Igneada strains and phylogenetic characterization of all available complete coding sequences. Our analyses suggested separation of host-dependent lineages, followed by geographic clustering. Surveillance of orthohantaviruses using complete genomes would be useful for assessing public health threats from Dobrava virus.
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19
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Rios-Muñoz L, Gonzálvez M, Caballero-Gomez J, Castro-Scholten S, Casares-Jimenez M, Agulló-Ros I, Corona-Mata D, García-Bocanegra I, Lopez-Lopez P, Fajardo T, Mesquita JR, Risalde MA, Rivero-Juarez A, Rivero A. Detection of Rat Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs, Spain, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:823-826. [PMID: 38526410 PMCID: PMC10977822 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We identified rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA in farmed pigs from Spain. Our results indicate that pigs might be susceptible to rat HEV and could serve as viral intermediaries between rodents and humans. Europe should evaluate the prevalence of rat HEV in farmed pigs to assess the risk to public health.
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20
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Arruda B, Baker ALV, Buckley A, Anderson TK, Torchetti M, Bergeson NH, Killian ML, Lantz K. Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:738-751. [PMID: 38478379 PMCID: PMC10977838 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains using a pathogenesis and transmission model. All strains replicated in the lung of pigs and caused lesions consistent with influenza A infection. However, viral replication in the nasal cavity and transmission was only observed with mammalian isolates. Mammalian adaptation and reassortment may increase the risk for incursion and transmission of HPAI viruses in feral, backyard, or commercial swine.
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21
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Gurrey SO, Strick LB, Dov LK, Miller JS, Pecha M, Stalter RM, Miller DL, Marshall B, Salazar AP, Newman LP. Lessons Learned from Public Health and State Prison Collaborations during COVID-19 Pandemic and Multifacility Tuberculosis Outbreak, Washington, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S17-S20. [PMID: 38561633 PMCID: PMC10986837 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The large COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons in the Washington (USA) State Department of Corrections (WADOC) system during 2020 highlighted the need for a new public health approach to prevent and control COVID-19 transmission in the system's 12 facilities. WADOC and the Washington State Department of Health (WADOH) responded by strengthening partnerships through dedicated corrections-focused public health staff, improving cross-agency outbreak response coordination, implementing and developing corrections-specific public health guidance, and establishing collaborative data systems. The preexisting partnerships and trust between WADOC and WADOH, strengthened during the COVID-19 response, laid the foundation for a collaborative response during late 2021 to the largest tuberculosis outbreak in Washington State in the past 20 years. We describe challenges of a multiagency collaboration during 2 outbreak responses, as well as approaches to address those challenges, and share lessons learned for future communicable disease outbreak responses in correctional settings.
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22
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Hagan LM, Mosites E, Hughes-Baker L, Butler J. Carceral Health is Public Health. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S1-S4. [PMID: 38561635 PMCID: PMC10986829 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.240258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
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23
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Goodfellow SM, Nofchissey RA, Arsnoe D, Ye C, Lee S, Park J, Kim WK, Chandran K, Whitmer SLM, Klena JD, Dyal JW, Shoemaker T, Riner D, Stobierski MG, Signs K, Bradfute SB. Case of Human Orthohantavirus Infection, Michigan, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:817-821. [PMID: 38526320 PMCID: PMC10977823 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome; most cases occur in the southwest region of the United States. We discuss a clinical case of orthohantavirus infection in a 65-year-old woman in Michigan and the phylogeographic link of partial viral fragments from the patient and rodents captured near the presumed site of infection.
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24
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Tantirat P, Chantarawichian Y, Taweewigyakarn P, Kripattanapong S, Jitpeera C, Doungngern P, Phiancharoen C, Tangwangvivat R, Hinjoy S, Sujariyakul A, Amornchai P, Wongsuvan G, Hantakun V, Wuthiekanun V, Thaipadungpanit J, Thomson NR, Dance DAB, Chewapreecha C, Batty EM, Limmathurotsakul D. Melioidosis in Patients with COVID-19 Exposed to Contaminated Tap Water, Thailand, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:791-794. [PMID: 38526300 PMCID: PMC10977828 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In September 2021, a total of 25 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 developed acute melioidosis after (median 7 days) admission to a COVID-19 field hospital in Thailand. Eight nonpotable tap water samples and 6 soil samples were culture-positive for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Genomic analysis suggested contaminated tap water as the likely cause of illness.
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25
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Ling J, Lundeberg EE, Wasberg A, Faria IR, Vucicevic S, Settergren B, Lundkvist Å. Nephropathia Epidemica Caused by Puumala Virus in Bank Voles, Scania, Southern Sweden. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:732-737. [PMID: 38526134 PMCID: PMC10977816 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2018, a local case of nephropathia epidemica was reported in Scania, southern Sweden, more than 500 km south of the previously known presence of human hantavirus infections in Sweden. Another case emerged in the same area in 2020. To investigate the zoonotic origin of those cases, we trapped rodents in Ballingslöv, Norra Sandby, and Sörby in southern Sweden during 2020‒2021. We found Puumala virus (PUUV) in lung tissues from 9 of 74 Myodes glareolus bank voles by screening tissues using a hantavirus pan-large segment reverse transcription PCR. Genetic analysis revealed that the PUUV strains were distinct from those found in northern Sweden and Denmark and belonged to the Finnish PUUV lineage. Our findings suggest an introduction of PUUV from Finland or Karelia, causing the human PUUV infections in Scania. This discovery emphasizes the need to understand the evolution, cross-species transmission, and disease outcomes of this newly found PUUV variant.
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26
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Saber LB, Kennedy SS, Yang Y, Moore KN, Wang Y, Hilton SP, Chang TY, Liu P, Phillips VL, Akiyama MJ, Moe CL, Spaulding AC. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Individual Testing Results in a Jail, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S21-S27. [PMID: 38561638 PMCID: PMC10986836 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Institution-level wastewater-based surveillance was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in carceral facilities. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 diagnostic test results of residents in a jail in Atlanta, Georgia, USA (average population ≈2,700), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR signal for SARS-CoV-2 in weekly wastewater samples collected during October 2021‒May 2022. The jail offered residents rapid antigen testing at entry and periodic mass screenings by reverse transcription PCR of self-collected nasal swab specimens. We aggregated individual test data, calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient, and performed logistic regression to examine the relationship between strength of SARS-CoV-2 PCR signal (cycle threshold value) in wastewater and percentage of jail population that tested positive for COVID-19. Of 13,745 nasal specimens collected, 3.9% were COVID-positive (range 0%-29.5% per week). We observed a strong inverse correlation between diagnostic test positivity and cycle threshold value (r = -0.67; p<0.01). Wastewater-based surveillance represents an effective strategy for jailwide surveillance of COVID-19.
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27
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Tunstall AM, O'Brien SC, Monaghan DM, Burakoff A, Marquardt RK. Lessons Learned from Cross-Systems Approach to COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Juvenile Justice System, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S13-S16. [PMID: 38561629 PMCID: PMC10986830 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of a close partnership between public health and juvenile justice systems when responding to communicable diseases. Many setting-specific obstacles must be navigated to respond effectively to limit disease transmission and negative health outcomes while maintaining necessary services for youth in confinement facilities. The response requires multidisciplinary expertise and collaboration to address unique considerations. Public health mitigation strategies must balance the risk for disease against the negative effects of restrictions. Key aspects of the COVID-19 response in the juvenile justice system of Colorado, USA, involved establishing robust communication and data reporting infrastructures, building a multidisciplinary response team, adapting existing infection prevention guidelines, and focusing on a whole-person health approach to infection prevention. We examine lessons learned and offer recommendations on pandemic emergency response planning and managing a statewide public health emergency in youth confinement settings that ensure ongoing readiness.
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28
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Payne M, Williamson S, Wang Q, Zhang X, Sintchenko V, Pavic A, Lan R. Emergence of Poultry-Associated Human Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusovis Infections, New South Wales, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:691-700. [PMID: 38526124 PMCID: PMC10977856 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.230958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis is a ovine-adapted pathogen that causes spontaneous abortion. Salmonella Abortusovis was reported in poultry in 2009 and has since been reported in human infections in New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a clade of 51 closely related isolates from Australia originating in 2004. That clade was genetically distinct from ovine-associated isolates. The clade was widespread in New South Wales poultry production facilities but was only responsible for sporadic human infections. Some known virulence factors associated with human infections were only found in the poultry-associated clade, some of which were acquired through prophages and plasmids. Furthermore, the ovine-associated clade showed signs of genome decay, but the poultry-associated clade did not. Those genomic changes most likely led to differences in host range and disease type. Surveillance using the newly identified genetic markers will be vital for tracking Salmonella Abortusovis transmission in animals and to humans and preventing future outbreaks.
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Porter LJ, Rapheal E, Huebsch R, Bastian T, Robinson TJ, Chakoian H, Martin KG, Zipprich J. Development and Evaluation of Surveillance System for Identifying Jail-Associated COVID-19 Cases in Minnesota, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S28-S35. [PMID: 38561640 PMCID: PMC10986828 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Confinement facilities are high-risk settings for the spread of infectious disease, necessitating timely surveillance to inform public health action. To identify jail-associated COVID-19 cases from electronic laboratory reports maintained in the Minnesota Electronic Disease Surveillance System (MEDSS), Minnesota, USA, the Minnesota Department of Health developed a surveillance system that used keyword and address matching (KAM). The KAM system used a SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., https://www.sas.com) and an automated program within MEDSS to identify confinement keywords and addresses. To evaluate KAM, we matched jail booking data from the Minnesota Statewide Supervision System by full name and birthdate to the MEDSS records of adults with COVID-19 for 2022. The KAM system identified 2,212 cases in persons detained in jail; sensitivity was 92.40% and specificity was 99.95%. The success of KAM demonstrates its potential to be applied to other diseases and congregate-living settings for real-time surveillance without added reporting burden.
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30
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Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qu W, Liang J, Tu C, Mai Q, Mai K, Feng P, Huang W, Lin Z, Hon C, Yang Z, Pan W. Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Infection, Guangdong Province, China, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:826-828. [PMID: 38526372 PMCID: PMC10977835 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2022, we assessed avian influenza A virus subtype H5N6 seroprevalence among the general population in Guangdong Province, China, amid rising numbers of human infections. Among the tested samples, we found 1 to be seropositive, suggesting that the virus poses a low but present risk to the general population.
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31
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Abushahba MFN, Dadelahi AS, Ponzilacqua-Silva B, Moley CR, Skyberg JA. Contrasting roles for IgM and B-cell MHCII expression in Brucella abortus S19 vaccine-mediated efficacy against B. melitensis infection. mSphere 2024; 9:e0075023. [PMID: 38349167 PMCID: PMC10964430 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00750-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by the bacterium Brucella, poses a significant global threat to both animal and human health. Although commercial live Brucella vaccines including S19, RB51, and Rev1 are available for animals, their unsuitability for human use and incomplete efficacy in animals necessitate the further study of vaccine-mediated immunity to Brucella. In this study, we employed in vivo B-cell depletion, as well as immunodeficient and transgenic mouse models, to comprehensively investigate the roles of B cells, antigen uptake and presentation, antibody production, and class switching in the context of S19-mediated immunity against brucellosis. We found that antibody production, and in particular secretory IgM plays a protective role in S19-mediated immunity against virulent Brucella melitensis early after the challenge in a manner associated with complement activation. While T follicular helper cell deficiency dampened IgG production and vaccine efficacy at later stages of the challenge, this effect appeared to be independent of antibody production and rather was associated with altered T-cell function. By contrast, B-cell MHCII expression negatively impacted vaccine efficacy at later timepoints after the challenge. In addition, B-cell depletion after vaccination, but before the challenge, enhanced S19-mediated protection against brucellosis, suggesting a deleterious role of B cells during the challenge phase. Collectively, our findings indicate antibody production is protective, while B-cell MHCII expression is deleterious, to live vaccine-mediated immunity against brucellosis. IMPORTANCE Brucella is a neglected zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Our study delves into B-cell effector functions in live vaccine-mediated immunity against brucellosis. Notably, we found antibody production, particularly secretory IgM, confers protection against virulent Brucella melitensis in vaccinated mice, which was associated with complement activation. By contrast, B-cell MHCII expression negatively impacted vaccine efficacy. In addition, B-cell depletion after vaccination, but before the B. melitensis challenge, enhanced protection against infection, suggesting a detrimental B-cell role during the challenge phase. Interestingly, deficiency of T follicular helper cells, which are crucial for aiding germinal center B cells, dampened vaccine efficacy at later stages of challenge independent of antibody production. This study underscores contrasting and phase-dependent roles of B-cell effector functions in vaccine-mediated immunity against Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa F. N. Abushahba
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alexis S. Dadelahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles R. Moley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jerod A. Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Zhang A, Liang J, Lao X, Xia X, Liang J. Pneumonia Caused by Chlamydia psittaci and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection Diagnosed Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2024; 17:187-194. [PMID: 38529114 PMCID: PMC10962458 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s458131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of pneumonia caused by coinfection with Chlamydia psittaci and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron XBB.1 variant, confirmed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). C. psittaci and SARS-CoV-2 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using mNGS. Additionally, mNGS detected C. psittaci in blood and nasopharyngeal specimens and was more sensitive than qPCR. The patient recovered after treatment with moxifloxacin. This report highlights the use of coinfections of C. psittaci and SARS-CoV-2, as mNGS has already been recognized to be a diagnostic tool for identifying coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinguang Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Huangpu People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Lao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqiong Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Bhatt LK, Patel JH, Shah CR, Patel SR, Patel SD, Patel VA, Sundar R, Jain MR. Immunization of laboratory animal workers: occupational health and safety aspects. Pathog Glob Health 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38506667 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2329376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational immunization is an integral part of institutional occupational safety and health (OSH) programs. Laboratory animal workers (LAWs) are personnel working with various small and large vertebrate animals. LAWs are at the risk of contracting a myriad of zoonotic infections as they are occupationally exposed to animals and their biological products. Immunizing employees against such zoonotic pathogens is the best way to prevent disease transmission. This review provides information on various zoonotic diseases, vaccines available to protect against such infections, and vaccination schedules. Certain sections of institutional occupational immunization programs such as risk evaluation, immunizing special categories of personnel and exemption from immunization among others are also described. Additionally, the authors have discussed various probable modes of impact through which occupational immunization of laboratory animal workers fulfills different United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxit K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jitendra H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chitrang R Shah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sudhir R Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shital D Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vipul A Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajesh Sundar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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Sohn-Hausner N, Kmetiuk LB, Paula WVDF, de Paula LGF, Krawczak FDS, Biondo AW. One Health Approach on Ehrlichia canis: Serosurvey of Owners and Dogs, Molecular Detection in Ticks, and Associated Risk Factors in Tick-Infested Households of Southern Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38502822 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ehrlichia canis has been the main hemopathogen affecting domestic dogs in Brazil. Even though tick-infested dogs may lead to household infestation and predispose human exposure and public health concern, no comprehensive study has surveyed humans, dogs, and environmental ticks altogether. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess tick-infested households, identify tick species, perform serological (immunofluorescence assay) and molecular (PCR and q-PCR) detection of Ehrlichia in ticks, in the eighth biggest metropolitan area of Brazil. Results: Between 2007 and 2020, 233/5973 (3.9%) out of all complaints were from tick-infested households of 200 different addresses. Overall, 370/552 (67.0%) ticks were collected and identified as adult and 182/552 (33.0%) as immature forms of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. complex; a single tick from one owner, a female tick of Amblyomma sculptum; and 395 ticks from dogs, 319/395 (80.8%) adult and 72/395 (18.2%) immature forms of Rhipicephalus spp., and 4/395 (1.01%) female Amblyomma aureolatum. Overall, 2/135 (1.5%) owners and 13/136 (9.6%) dogs were seropositive for E. canis. The DNA of Anaplasmataceae family was molecularly detected in 16/50 (32.0%) R. sanguineus s.l. As expected, the number of monthly tick infestation complaints were directly associated, and mean (p = 0.01), maximum (p = 0.011), and minimum (p = 0.008) temperature were statistically significant and had a low positive correlation (0.24, 0.23, and 0.24, respectively). In addition, complaints were highly associated to all socioeconomic variables (p < 0.001), with the exception of the presence of vacant lots. Conclusions: Despite low samplings and human negative results, areas with low-income with adequate temperature and urban agglomerations have been shown to be associated risks for tick infestations, predisposing tick-borne diseases. In conclusion, monitoring should always be conducted in such areas, including One Health approach with serosurvey of owners and dogs, along with identification and molecular screening of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Sohn-Hausner
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Andrews K, Landeryou T, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Nale JY. Diverse Prophage Elements of Salmonella enterica Serovars Show Potential Roles in Bacterial Pathogenicity. Cells 2024; 13:514. [PMID: 38534358 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is an important foodborne and zoonotic infection that causes significant global public health concern. Diverse serovars are multidrug-resistant and encode several virulence indicators; however, little is known on the role prophages play in driving these traits. Here, we extracted prophages from seventy-five Salmonella genomes which represent the fifteen important serovars in the United Kingdom. We analyzed the intact prophages for the presence of virulence genes and established their genomic relationships. We identified 615 prophages from the Salmonella strains, from which 195 prophages are intact, 332 are incomplete, while 88 are questionable. The average prophage carriage was found to be 'extreme' in S. Heidelberg, S. Inverness, and S. Newport (10.2-11.6 prophages/strain), 'high' in S. Infantis, S. Stanley, S. Typhimurium, and S. Virchow (8.2-9.0 prophages/strain), 'moderate' in S. Agona, S. Braenderup, S. Bovismorbificans, S. Choleraesuis, S. Dublin, and S. Java (6.0-7.8 prophages/strain), and 'low' in S. Javiana and S. Enteritidis (5.8 prophages/strain). Cumulatively, 61 virulence genes (1500 gene copies) were detected from representative intact prophages and linked to Salmonella delivery/secretion system (42.62%), adherence (32.7%), magnesium uptake (3.88%), regulation (5%), stress/survival (1.6%), toxins (10%), and antivirulence (1.6%). Diverse clusters were formed among the intact prophages and with bacteriophages of other enterobacteria, suggesting different lineages and associations. Our work provides a strong body of data to support the contributions diverse prophages make to the pathogenicity of Salmonella, including thirteen previously unexplored serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie Andrews
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Toby Landeryou
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet Yakubu Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
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Moorthy GS, Rubach MP, Maze MJ, Refuerzo RP, Shirima GM, Lukambagire AS, Bodenham RF, Cash-Goldwasser S, Thomas KM, Sakasaka P, Mkenda N, Bowhay TR, Perniciaro JL, Nicholson WL, Kersh GJ, Kazwala RR, Mmbaga BT, Buza JJ, Maro VP, Haydon DT, Crump JA, Halliday JEB. Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016-2017. Trop Med Int Health 2024. [PMID: 38480005 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In northern Tanzania, Q fever, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses, and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are common causes of febrile illness. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors for these zoonoses in a pastoralist community. METHODS Febrile patients ≥2 years old presenting to Endulen Hospital in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area were enrolled from August 2016 through October 2017. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire was administered. Sera were tested by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) IgG assays using Coxiella burnetii (Phase II), Rickettsia africae, and Rickettsia typhi antigens. Serologic evidence of exposure was defined by an IFA titre ≥1:64; probable cases by an acute IFA titre ≥1:128; and confirmed cases by a ≥4-fold rise in titre between samples. Risk factors for exposure and acute case status were evaluated. RESULTS Of 228 participants, 99 (43.4%) were male and the median (interquartile range) age was 27 (16-41) years. Among these, 117 (51.3%) had C. burnetii exposure, 74 (32.5%) had probable Q fever, 176 (77.2%) had SFG Rickettsia exposure, 134 (58.8%) had probable SFG rickettsioses, 11 (4.8%) had TG Rickettsia exposure, and 4 (1.8%) had probable TG rickettsioses. Of 146 participants with paired sera, 1 (0.5%) had confirmed Q fever, 8 (5.5%) had confirmed SFG rickettsioses, and none had confirmed TG rickettsioses. Livestock slaughter was associated with acute Q fever (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-4.76) and sheep slaughter with SFG rickettsioses case (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.08-23.50). DISCUSSION Acute Q fever and SFG rickettsioses were detected in participants with febrile illness. Exposures to C. burnetii and to SFG Rickettsia were highly prevalent, and interactions with livestock were associated with increased odds of illness with both pathogens. Further characterisation of the burden and risks for these diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga S Moorthy
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew P Rubach
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J Maze
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Regina P Refuerzo
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriel M Shirima
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - AbdulHamid S Lukambagire
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Kate M Thomas
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Nestory Mkenda
- Endulen Hospital, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Endulen, Tanzania
| | - Thomas R Bowhay
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jamie L Perniciaro
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William L Nicholson
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gilbert J Kersh
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rudovick R Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Joram J Buza
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Venance P Maro
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John A Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jo E B Halliday
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Trujillo JD, Wilson WC, Craig A, Van den Bergh C, Wang T, Thompson P, Swanepoel R, Morozov I, Richt JA. Rift Valley Fever virus M and L genome segment detection: a comparison of field-deployable reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) and laboratory-based multiplex reverse transcription real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0043023. [PMID: 38305205 PMCID: PMC10935642 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00430-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes major agricultural and public health problems in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is considered a potential agro-bioterrorism agent for which limited countermeasures are available. To address diagnostic needs, here we describe a rapid and sensitive molecular method immediately employable at sites of suspected outbreaks in animals that commonly precede outbreaks in humans. The strategy involves the concurrent detection of two of the three RVFV genome segments (large and medium) using reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) performed on a portable, touch screen nucleic acid analyzer, POCKIT. The analytical sensitivity for both the RT-iiPCR and a laboratory-based L and M multiplex reverse transcription real-time PCR assay was estimated at approximately 0.1-3 copies/reaction using synthetic RNA or viral RNA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of detection of RVFV on the POCKIT, determined using sera from sheep and cattle (n = 181) experimentally infected with two strains of RVFV (SA01 and Ken06), were 93.8% and 100% (kappa = 0.93), respectively. Testing of ruminant field sera (n = 193) in two locations in Africa demonstrated 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the POCKIT dual-gene RVFV detection strategy can provide reliable, sensitive, and specific point-of-need viral RNA detection. Moreover, the field detection of RVFV in vectors or susceptible animal species can aid in the surveillance and epidemiological studies to better understand and control RVFV outbreaks. IMPORTANCE The content of this manuscript is of interest to the diverse readership of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, including research scientists, diagnosticians, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogen that causes major agricultural and public health problems. Current and most sensitive diagnostic approaches that are molecular-based are performed in highly specialized molecular diagnostic laboratories. To address diagnostic needs, we developed a novel, rapid, and sensitive molecular method using a portable PCR machine, POCKIT, capable of immediate deployment at sites of suspected outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate that field-deployable RVFV detection can provide reliable, sensitive, and specific point-of-need viral RNA detection that could be used for diagnostic investigations and epidemiological studies, and can be performed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie D. Trujillo
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit (FABADRU), USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Anthony Craig
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carien Van den Bergh
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Wang
- Research and development, GeneReach USA, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Thompson
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Igor Morozov
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
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38
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Ed-Dra A, Giarratana F, White AP, Yue M. Editorial: Zoonotic bacteria: genomic evolution, antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and prevention strategies. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390732. [PMID: 38523715 PMCID: PMC10960643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Riconnexia srls, Spin-off of the University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Williams C, Swisher S, Miller N, Pinn-Woodcock T, Austin C, Hsiao SH, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Tiller R, Thacker T, Taetzsch S, Franklin-Guild R, Cutter L, Quance C, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Ernst M, Guarino C, Lanka S, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Slager S, Sunavala Z, Brown C, Negron M, Pieracci EG. Human exposures to Brucella canis from a pregnant dog during an international flight: Public health risks, diagnostic challenges and future considerations. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 38459616 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This report documents the exposure of passengers and crew of a commercial international flight to the zoonotic pathogen Brucella canis after an infected dog aborted in the passenger cabin of the aircraft. This case demonstrates the challenges associated with brucellosis screening and the risks that airline personnel, airport employees and travellers face when animals with unrecognized zoonotic infections are transported. METHODS/RESULTS The public health investigation of this case was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, the Illinois Department of Health and the Illinois Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with a local veterinary clinic and several academic and federal diagnostic laboratories. It included an extensive diagnostic evaluation of the dam and aborted foetuses to confirm a diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Passengers, airline personnel and staff from the veterinary clinic where the dogs were treated underwent risk assessments, and clinic staff also received detailed guidance regarding infection prevention practices. CONCLUSIONS Animal shelters and breeding programs are recommended to screen dogs routinely for brucellosis, but it is not unusual for domestic or imported animals to have unknown health histories, including the dog's brucellosis status, at the time of purchase, adoption, or re-homing. Testing recommendations and requirements vary by state, making it challenging for state public health and animal health agencies to monitor and respond appropriately. This case highlights the importance of Brucella spp. screening in sexually intact dogs prior to breeding, purchase, or domestic or international transportation of the dogs. The transportation of pregnant dogs may present a previously unrecognized public health threat in addition to contributing to unnecessary stress and health risks for pregnant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Williams
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samantha Swisher
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas Miller
- Elk Grove Veterinary Specialty & Emergency, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA
| | - Toby Pinn-Woodcock
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Connie Austin
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Shih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tyler Thacker
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sara Taetzsch
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Franklin-Guild
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laurel Cutter
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol W Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Ernst
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Staci Slager
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Zenia Sunavala
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clive Brown
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Negron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily G Pieracci
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Wang W, Li J, Liang Y, Gong W. Editorial: Immunological aspects of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392382. [PMID: 38510255 PMCID: PMC10951716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory on Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wenping Gong
- Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pieracci EG, Wallace R, Maskery B, Brouillette C, Brown C, Joo H. Dogs on the move: Estimating the risk of rabies in imported dogs in the United States, 2015-2022. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 38449353 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog-mediated rabies virus variant (DMRVV), a zoonotic pathogen that causes a deadly disease in animals and humans, is present in more than 100 countries worldwide but has been eliminated from the United States since 2007. In the United States, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recorded four instances of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries since 2015. However, it remains uncertain whether the incidence of DMRVV among imported dogs from these countries significantly surpasses that of domestically acquired variants among domestic U.S. dogs. AIM This evaluation aimed to estimate the number of dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries and compare the risk of rabies between imported dogs and the U.S. domestic dog population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the CDC's dog import permit system (implemented during 2021 under a temporary suspension of dog importation from DMRVV-enzootic countries) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Automated Commercial Environment system, each of which records a segment of dogs entering the U.S. from DMRVV-enzootic countries, was analysed. Additionally, we estimated the incidence rate of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries and compared it to the incidence rate within the general U.S. dog population, due to domestically acquired rabies variants, over the eight-year period (2015-2022). RESULTS An estimated 72,589 (range, 62,660-86,258) dogs were imported into the United States annually between 2015 and 2022 from DMRVV-enzootic countries. The estimated incidence rate of rabies was 16 times higher (range, 13.2-19.4) in dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries than that estimated for domestically acquired rabies in the general U.S. dog population. CONCLUSIONS Preventing human exposure to dogs with DMRVV is a public health priority. The higher risk of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries supports the need for importation requirements aimed at preventing the reintroduction of DMRVV into the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Pieracci
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan Wallace
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian Maskery
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colleen Brouillette
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clive Brown
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heesoo Joo
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Mutlu İ, Koyuncu ÖR, Çakır Y. Multiple Cerebral Hydatic Cyst Developed After Operation of Cardiac Hydatic Cyst: A Case Report. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2024; 48:62-65. [PMID: 38449370 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2024.18480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease and is an important health problem, especially in developing countries. Hydatic cysts are typically observed in the liver and lungs. Cardiac and brain involvement are rare manifestations. Cardiac hydatic cysts are usually located in the left ventricle. Brain involvement is frequently seen as a primary cerebral cyst and is almost always solitary. However, secondary intracerebral cysts are also seen as a result of cardiac cysts rupturing into the left ventricle spontaneously or iatrogenically, and these are usually multiple. Herein, we report a case that has two rare clinical manifestations of hydatid cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- İmren Mutlu
- Ministry of Health, Dr. Yaşar Eryılmaz Doğubeyazıt State Hospital, Clinic of Radiology, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Ruşen Koyuncu
- Ministry of Health, Dr. Yaşar Eryılmaz Doğubeyazıt State Hospital, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Ağrı, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Çakır
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas, Türkiye
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Ogoti BM, Riitho V, Wildemann J, Mutono N, Tesch J, Rodon J, Harichandran K, Emanuel J, Möncke-Buchner E, Kiambi S, Oyugi J, Mureithi M, Corman VM, Drosten C, Thumbi SM, Müller MA. Biphasic MERS-CoV Incidence in Nomadic Dromedaries with Putative Transmission to Humans, Kenya, 2022-2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:581-585. [PMID: 38407189 PMCID: PMC10902546 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.231488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in dromedaries in Africa, but camel-to-human transmission is limited. Sustained 12-month sampling of dromedaries in a Kenya abattoir hub showed biphasic MERS-CoV incidence; peak detections occurred in October 2022 and February 2023. Dromedary-exposed abattoir workers (7/48) had serologic signs of previous MERS-CoV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nyamai Mutono
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Julia Tesch
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Jordi Rodon
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Kaneemozhe Harichandran
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Stella Kiambi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Julius Oyugi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Marianne Mureithi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Victor M. Corman
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Christian Drosten
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
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Boyce RM, Pretsch P, Tyrlik K, Schulz A, Giandomenico DA, Barbarin AM, Williams C. Delayed Diagnosis of Locally Acquired Lyme Disease, Central North Carolina, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:564-567. [PMID: 38407256 PMCID: PMC10902532 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.231302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare providers in North Carolina, USA, have limited experience diagnosing and managing Lyme disease because few cases occur annually statewide. We outline the prolonged diagnostic course for a patient with locally acquired Lyme disease in North Carolina. This case highlights the need for greater awareness and professional education.
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Strahan EK, Witherbee J, Bergl R, Lonsdorf EV, Mwacha D, Mjungu D, Arandjelovic M, Ikfuingei R, Terio K, Travis DA, Gillespie TR. Potentially Zoonotic Enteric Infections in Gorillas and Chimpanzees, Cameroon and Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:577-580. [PMID: 38407249 PMCID: PMC10902540 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite zoonotic potential, data are lacking on enteric infection diversity in wild apes. We employed a novel molecular diagnostic platform to detect enteric infections in wild chimpanzees and gorillas. Prevalent Cryptosporidium parvum, adenovirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli across divergent sites and species demonstrates potential widespread circulation among apes in Africa.
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Lee CY, Kuo HW, Liu YL, Chuang JH, Chou JH. Population-Based Evaluation of Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Severe Illness, and Death, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:478-489. [PMID: 38295401 PMCID: PMC10902541 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Taiwan provided several COVID-19 vaccine platforms: mRNA (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273), adenoviral vector-based (AZD1222), and protein subunit (MVC-COV1901). After Taiwan shifted from its zero-COVID strategy in April 2022, population-based evaluation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) became possible. We conducted an observational cohort study of 21,416,151 persons to examine VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, moderate and severe illness, and death during March 22, 2021-September 30, 2022. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that persons who completed 3 vaccine doses (2 primary, 1 booster) or received MVC-COV1901 as the primary series had the lowest hospitalization incidence (0.04-0.20 cases/100,000 person-days). We also found 95.8% VE against hospitalization for 3 doses of BNT162b2, 91.0% for MVC-COV1901, 81.8% for mRNA-1273, and 65.7% for AZD1222, which had the lowest overall VE. Our findings indicated that protein subunit vaccines provide similar protection against SARS-CoV-2---associated hospitalization as mRNA vaccines and can inform mix-and-match vaccine selection in other countries.
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Buffoni L, Cano-Terriza D, Jiménez-Martín D, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Martínez-Moreno Á, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Zafra R, Pérez-Caballero R, Risalde MÁ, Gómez-Guillamón F, García-Bocanegra I. Serosurveillance of Trichinella sp. in wild boar and Iberian domestic suids in Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:191-199. [PMID: 38009293 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trichinella spp. exposure in wild boar and Iberian domestic pigs from Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum samples from 1360 wild boar and 439 Iberian domestic pigs were obtained during 2015-2020, from regions where Iberian pigs are raised under extensive conditions, hence sharing habitat with wild boar. Seropositivity was found in 7.4% (100/1360; 95% CI: 6.1-8.9) of the wild boar analysed. In this species, the individual seroprevalence ranged from 3.6% (8/223) (hunting season 2016-2017) to 11.4% (37/326) (2018-2019). A significant higher seropositivity was observed during the hunting season 2018-2019 (p < 0.009: OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.32-7.18) and one statistically significant cluster was detected within the studied area, in south central Andalusia [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.9; p = 0.037]. Females showed a significantly higher seroprevalence than males (8.7% vs. 5.8%) (p < 0.001: OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.08-2.32). No seropositivity to Trichinella spp. was detected in Iberian domestic pigs (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.9). CONCLUSIONS Although wild boar play an important role as a reservoir of Trichinella sp. in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain, our results suggest that the wild boar production system does not seem to pose a risk of Trichinella exposure to domestic pigs, despite sharing habitats in these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO)-Laboratório Associado (InBIO), Vairão, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del SIDA, Fundación IrsiCaixa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Risalde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica en Fauna Silvestre (PVE), Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Manoj RRS, White H, Young R, Brown CE, Wilcox R, Otranto D, Lejeune M. Emergence of Thelaziosis Caused by Thelazia callipaeda in Dogs and Cats, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:591-594. [PMID: 38407227 PMCID: PMC10902549 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We report 2 autochthonous feline thelaziosis cases caused by the eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda and discuss the spread among dogs in the northeastern United States. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the parasite was introduced from Europe. Adopting a One Health approach is needed to limit further spread of T. callipaeda eyeworms in North America.
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Chaves TDSS, Perosa AH, Barbosa G, Ferreira DB, Bellei N. Betacoronavirus Infection Outbreak, São Paulo, Brazil, Fall 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:622-624. [PMID: 38290816 PMCID: PMC10902528 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a human coronavirus OC43 infection outbreak in hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in São Paulo, Brazil, occurring after SARS-CoV-2 cases disappeared. Infection was associated with healthcare workers in 5 (29.4%) patients. Routine surveillance including a respiratory virus panel can improve coronavirus detection in both healthcare professionals and patients.
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Brizuela J, Roodsant TJ, Hasnoe Q, van der Putten BCL, Kozakova J, Slotved HC, van der Linden M, de Beer-Schuurman IGA, Sadowy E, Sáez-Nieto JA, Chalker VJ, van der Ark KCH, Schultsz C. Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:413-422. [PMID: 38407169 PMCID: PMC10902550 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated. We aimed to increase insight into the molecular epidemiology of human S. suis infections in Europe. To procure data, we surveyed 7 reference laboratories and performed a systematic review of the scientific literature. We identified 236 cases of human S. suis infection from those sources and an additional 87 by scanning gray literature. We performed whole-genome sequencing to type 46 zoonotic S. suis isolates and combined them with 28 publicly available genomes in a core-genome phylogeny. Clonal complex (CC) 1 isolates accounted for 87% of typed human infections; CC20, CC25, CC87, and CC94 also caused infections. Emergence of diverse zoonotic clades and notable severity of illness in humans support classifying S. suis infection as a notifiable condition.
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