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Lu H, Xu Q, Zou G, Gao H, Yang Y, Li W, Zhuo L. Prevalence and immunopathologic characteristics of seropositive and seronegative hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy: a retrospective study of 420 biopsy-proven cases. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2313180. [PMID: 38345079 PMCID: PMC10863513 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2313180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study aims to investigate the prevalence and immunopathologic characteristics of seropositive and seronegative hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). METHODS Clinicopathologic and serologic records of 420 patients with histologically confirmed HBV-MN between January 2014 and July 2021 were examined to determine the prevalence of seropositive and seronegative HBV-MN. Serum anti-PLA2R antibody testing was conducted on 280 patients with HBV-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) from August 2018 to July 2021. Immunopathologic characteristics of HBV-MN patients and anti-PLA2R antibody positivity were analyzed. RESULTS Among 420 pathologically confirmed HBV-MN patients, 230 (54.8%) were seropositive for HBV. The seropositive group exhibited higher blood creatinine values and incidence of liver function abnormalities than the seronegative group (p < .05). Serum anti-PLA2R antibody testing on 280 HBV-MN patients revealed a total positive rate of 44.6%, with the seronegative group showing a significantly higher rate (62.6%) compared to the seropositive group (32.1%) (p < .01). The anti-PLA2R antibody-positive group displayed higher levels of urine protein (p < .05), serum cholesterol (p < .01), and IgG4 subtypes (p < .05) compared to the negative group. Additionally, the positive group had significantly lower levels of serum albumin and IgG than the negative group (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive study reveals a significantly higher prevalence of seronegative HBV-MN than previously thought. The blood creatinine values and incidence of liver function abnormalities was higher in the serology-positive group than in the serology-negative group. Notably, the seronegative group displayed a higher positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibodies compared to the seropositive group, indicating distinctive clinical and immunopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guming Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Major CG, Rodríguez DM, Sánchez-González L, Rodríguez-Estrada V, Morales-Ortíz T, Torres C, Pérez-Rodríguez NM, Medina-Lópes NA, Alexander N, Mabey D, Ryff K, Tosado-Acevedo R, Muñoz-Jordán J, Adams LE, Rivera-Amill V, Rolfes M, Paz-Bailey G. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 Incidence and Morbidity in Ponce, Puerto Rico: Protocol and Baseline Results From a Community Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53837. [PMID: 38640475 PMCID: PMC11034577 DOI: 10.2196/53837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among Hispanic and Latino populations and in low-resource settings in the United States is needed to inform control efforts and strategies to improve health equity. Puerto Rico has a high poverty rate and other population characteristics associated with increased vulnerability to COVID-19, and there are limited data to date to determine community incidence. OBJECTIVE This study describes the protocol and baseline seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a prospective community-based cohort study (COPA COVID-19 [COCOVID] study) to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence and morbidity in Ponce, Puerto Rico. METHODS In June 2020, we implemented the COCOVID study within the Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses project platform among residents of 15 communities in Ponce, Puerto Rico, aged 1 year or older. Weekly, participants answered questionnaires on acute symptoms and preventive behaviors and provided anterior nasal swab samples for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing; additional anterior nasal swabs were collected for expedited polymerase chain reaction testing from participants that reported 1 or more COVID-19-like symptoms. At enrollment and every 6 months during follow-up, participants answered more comprehensive questionnaires and provided venous blood samples for multiantigen SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody testing (an indicator of seroprevalence). Weekly follow-up activities concluded in April 2022 and 6-month follow-up visits concluded in August 2022. Primary study outcome measures include SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence and seroprevalence, relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by participant characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 household attack rate, and COVID-19 illness characteristics and outcomes. In this study, we describe the characteristics of COCOVID participants overall and by SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence status at baseline. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 1030 participants from 388 households. Relative to the general populations of Ponce and Puerto Rico, our cohort overrepresented middle-income households, employed and middle-aged adults, and older children (P<.001). Almost all participants (1021/1025, 99.61%) identified as Latino/a, 17.07% (175/1025) had annual household incomes less than US $10,000, and 45.66% (463/1014) reported 1 or more chronic medical conditions. Baseline SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low (16/1030, 1.55%) overall and increased significantly with later study enrollment time (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS The COCOVID study will provide a valuable opportunity to better estimate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 and associated risk factors in a primarily Hispanic or Latino population, assess the limitations of surveillance, and inform mitigation measures in Puerto Rico and other similar populations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/53837.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea G Major
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dania M Rodríguez
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Liliana Sánchez-González
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Carolina Torres
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Kāpili Services, LLC, Alaka`ina Foundation Family of Companies, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nicole M Pérez-Rodríguez
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole A Medina-Lópes
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Neal Alexander
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Mabey
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Ryff
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rafael Tosado-Acevedo
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Muñoz-Jordán
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E Adams
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Melissa Rolfes
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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3
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Stoimenov GM, Tchakarova S. Detection of Leishmania infantum Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Nonendemic Areas in Bulgaria. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38621148 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic protozoan infection which is endemic in parts of Europe. Dogs are commonly affected by Leishmania infantum and are regarded as the main reservoir for humans' infection. Sporadic human cases are reported annually, mainly from the endemic south part of Bulgaria. However, no recent data on canine leishmaniasis geographical distribution in Bulgaria have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the current seroprevalence rate of L. infantum in stray dogs from areas where this infection was not previously reported. Results: The estimated overall seroprevalence rate was 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6-14.0) with no significant difference between the two examined districts [χ2 (1, N = 90) = 0.32, p = 0.69]. In Sofia, the seropositivity was 7.2% (95% CI: 0.9-13.5) and in Sofia (stolitsa) 11.0% (95% CI: 0-23.0). No association between sex and serological status [χ2 (1, N = 90) = 1.83, p = 0.27] and age and seropositivity [χ2 (2, N = 90) = 1.98, p = 0.52] was detected. High levels of antibodies (fourfold increase from the assay's cut-off) were observed in half of the positive dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi M Stoimenov
- Department of Infectious Pathology and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Tchakarova
- Department of Exotic and Emerging Diseases, National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Cabezón O, Martínez-Orellana P, Ribas MP, Baptista CJ, Gassó D, Velarde R, Aguilar XF, Solano-Gallego L. Leishmania Infection in Wild Lagomorphs and Domestic Dogs in North-East Spain. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1080. [PMID: 38612318 PMCID: PMC11011062 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite distributed worldwide that is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir for human infections. However, in recent years, the capacity of lagomorphs to contribute to Leishmania transmission has been confirmed. The present study aimed to assess Leishmania spp. exposure and infection in lagomorphs and sympatric domestic dogs in NE Spain. Sera from European hares, European rabbits, and rural dogs were tested for antibodies against L. infantum using an in-house indirect ELISA. PCR analysis targeting Leishmania spp. was performed in spleens from L. europaeus. Antibodies against Leishmania spp. were detected in all the species analyzed. Total sample prevalence was significantly higher in O. cuniculus (27.9%) than in L. europaeus (2.0%). Results of the PCR were all negative. The present study expands knowledge about Leishmania infections in free-ranging lagomorphs in the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting a more important role of O. cuniculus in the study area. Given the strong correlation between lagomorph densities and human leishmaniasis outbreaks in Spain, the high rabbit and human densities in NE Spain, and the high Leishmania spp. seroprevalence in rabbits, it becomes imperative to establish surveillance programs for lagomorphs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cabezón
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (O.C.); (M.P.R.); (X.F.A.)
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases in Companion Animals Research Group (MIAC), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Maria Puig Ribas
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (O.C.); (M.P.R.); (X.F.A.)
| | - Catarina Jota Baptista
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Diana Gassó
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Agroalimentaria i Forestal i de Veterinària (ETSEAFIV), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25199 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), and Servei d’ Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Xavier Fernández Aguilar
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (O.C.); (M.P.R.); (X.F.A.)
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases in Companion Animals Research Group (MIAC), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
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Yang J, Chen S, Quan M, Li L, Shang L, Fan Z, Hu S. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia Infection in Pigs in Hunan Province, Southern China, 2017-2018. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:214-218. [PMID: 38422215 PMCID: PMC11035838 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlamydia is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is pathogenic for humans and a large variety of veterinary animal species. However, there is no continuous monitoring of chlamydia infection data in pigs in Hunan province, southern China. Therefore, in order to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in pigs within this region, a comprehensive study was conducted. Methods: A total of 3848 serum samples were collected from pigs (from farmers and companies) between May 2017 and August 2018. The presence of specific antibodies against Chlamydia was determined through the employment of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). Results: The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia was determined to be 26.90% (1038/3848, 95% confidence interval: 25.60-28.40). By employing statistical analysis using SPSS software (p < 0.05), factors such as altitude, sampling regions, and rearing systems of pigs were identified as potential risk factors for Chlamydia infection. Conclusion: These findings elucidate a substantial prevalence of Chlamydia in pigs within the mountainous region of Hunan province, southern China, thereby highlighting a potential risk to human health. These results underscore the need for proactive measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the transmission of Chlamydia in porcine populations, safeguarding both animal welfare and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shilin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
- Wanning Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hainan Province, Wanning, PR China
| | - Minxiu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Leqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ling Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhongxin Fan
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shifeng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
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Griebsch C, Kirkwood N, Ward MP, Norris JM. Serological evidence of exposure of healthy dogs to Leptospira in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:215-221. [PMID: 38220214 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In 2017, highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in Sydney, Australia. Based on results of microscopic agglutination testing (MAT), serovar Copenhageni appeared to be the most common causative serovar. Prior to this, no clinical cases had been reported since 1976. In a serosurvey of healthy dogs in Australian shelters in 2004, 2.4% of 431 New South Wales dogs had serological evidence of exposure to Copenhageni, the most prevalent serovar. The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of Leptospira exposure and associated serovars in healthy Sydney dogs, previously unvaccinated against Leptospira. Serum samples from 411 healthy dogs in leptospirosis hotspots and neighbouring suburbs were collected before vaccination. MAT for 23 serovars was performed at the WHO Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory in Queensland, Australia. The overall seroprevalence was 4.1% (17/411) with low titres (1/50-1/200) detected. Eleven dogs were from known leptospirosis hotspots. Eight dogs were known to hunt rodents. One dog had been in contact with a leptospirosis positive dog 1 year prior. Serovar Topaz was the most prevalent serovar (n = 5) followed by serovars Australis (n = 4), Copenhageni (n = 4), Djasiman (n = 2), Cynopteri (n = 1), Javanica (n = 1), Medanensis (n = 1), and Pomona (n = 1). In conclusion, serological evidence of exposure of dogs in Sydney to Leptospira is low, but apparently has increased since 2004. Positive titres to serovars not previously reported to cause disease in dogs could be due to low virulence of those serovars or cross-reactivity with other serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griebsch
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - N Kirkwood
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - M P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Abdulrazzak M, Alshaghel MM, Anadani R, Shabouk MB, Alhashemi M, Breim F, Ali Alahmad K, Alabrash M, Haj Kadour S. Seroprevalence of brucellosis antibodies and associated risk factors among the hospitalized patient, Aleppo, Syria: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1887-1894. [PMID: 38576993 PMCID: PMC10990308 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Brucellosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Recent reports show that Syria is among the top ten countries where brucellosis is most prevalent. The purpose of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis antibodies among the hospitalized patients, in one of the largest hospitals in northern Syria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospitalized patients. The authors used a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and brucellosis-related data from the patients. The authors also collected blood samples from these patients to be screened for brucellosis antibodies using Wright Coombs Agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests, during the period from November 2021 and March 2022. Results Among the 776 patients who were recruited in the study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis antibodies was 13.1% (n=776). The highest prevalence was among the female sex (16.7%, n=298), middle aged group 12-40 years (24.1%, n=116), and patients with history of brucellosis (30.1%, n=53). Among the positive samples, the findings of 2-mercaptoethanol tests show that (14.7%, n=102) were positive (presence of IgG Antibodies), and (75.5%, n=102) were negative. Conclusion This study is the first to describe the epidemiology of brucellosis in northern Syria. It clearly shows high rates of positivity, which reflects immense challenges facing the public health sector in Syria. The best next step in light of this crisis is to raise awareness among population about brucellosis and its risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rami Anadani
- Faculty of Medicine
- CME Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo
| | | | | | - Fatima Breim
- Faculty of Medicine
- CME Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo
| | | | | | - Samer Haj Kadour
- Department of Laboratory, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
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Stadelmann K, Forestier E, Richalet G, Monnet V, Epaulard O. Seroprevalence of Infection by Borrelia Species Responsible for Lyme Disease in the French Alps: Analysis of 27,360 Serology Tests, 2015-2020. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:196-200. [PMID: 38441498 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lyme borreliosis incidence is increasing in several areas; moreover, it has recently gained the public's attention. Apart from erythema migrans, Lyme disease diagnosis relies (among others) on serology test; however, the prevalence of positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) assay has been poorly studied in the general population. We aimed to approach the seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease in the French Isere department using city laboratories data. Patients and Methods: We retrieved all serological tests for Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease performed in the two main networks of city laboratories between 2015 and 2020. All patients with both ELISA and WB IgG were considered seropositive. Results: We analyzed 27,360 tests (ELISA/ELISA+WB). Mean age was 50.9 ± 20.3 years (ranges: 0-101), with 57.1% females. Overall, 11.7% had IgG detected by ELISA, and 4.7% had IgG detected by both ELISA and WB assay. Seropositive status was more frequent in males (7.0% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001). Seropositivity rate increased with age after a first peak in childhood; men aged 61-70 years had the highest seropositivity rate (10.3%). In addition, seropositivity rate was higher in persons from a rural area. In multivariate analysis, older age, male gender and living in a rural area were independently associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity rate was stable on the 2017-2020 period. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease is high in Isere; this probably reduces the predictive positive value for Lyme disease of ELISA and WB IgG, suggesting that this serological test should not be performed for nonspecific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stadelmann
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC1406, Inserm-Université Grenoble Alpes-CHUGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Forestier
- Infectious Disease Unit, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, Chambéry, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Epaulard
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC1406, Inserm-Université Grenoble Alpes-CHUGA, Grenoble, France
- Infectious Disease Unit, Centre Hospitalier Unversitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qu W, Liang J, Tu C, Mai Q, Mai K, Feng P, Huang W, Lin Z, Hon C, Yang Z, Pan W. Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Infection, Guangdong Province, China, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:826-828. [PMID: 38526372 PMCID: PMC10977835 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2022, we assessed avian influenza A virus subtype H5N6 seroprevalence among the general population in Guangdong Province, China, amid rising numbers of human infections. Among the tested samples, we found 1 to be seropositive, suggesting that the virus poses a low but present risk to the general population.
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Hussain I, Umer M, Khan A, Sajid M, Ahmed I, Begum K, Iqbal J, Alam MM, Safdar RM, Baig S, Voorman A, Partridge J, Soofi S. Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384410. [PMID: 38601488 PMCID: PMC11004230 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction After trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) cessation, Pakistan has maintained immunity to type 2 poliovirus by administering inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, alongside monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV in supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). This study assesses the change in poliovirus type 2 immunity after tOPV withdrawal and due to SIAs with mOPV2 and IPV among children aged 6-11 months. Methods Three cross-sectional sequential serological surveys were conducted in 12 polio high-risk areas of Pakistan. 25 clusters from each geographical stratum were selected utilizing probability proportional to size. Results Seroprevalence of type 2 poliovirus was 49%, with significant variation observed among surveyed areas; <30% in Pishin, >80% in Killa Abdullah, Mardan & Swabi, and Rawalpindi. SIAs with IPV improved immunity from 38 to 57% in Karachi and 60 to 88% in Khyber. SIAs with IPV following mOPV2 improved immunity from 62 to 65% in Killa Abdullah, and combined mOPV2 and IPV SIAs in Pishin improved immunity from 28 to 89%. Results also reflected that immunity rates for serotypes 1 and 3 were consistently above 90% during all three phases and across all geographical areas. Conclusion The study findings highlight the importance of implementing effective vaccination strategies to prevent the re-emergence of poliovirus. Moreover, the results provide crucial information for policymakers working toward achieving global polio eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Begum
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rana M. Safdar
- Polio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Baig
- Polio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arie Voorman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Sajid Soofi
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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11
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Ahad AA, Megersa B, Edao BM. Brucellosis in camel, small ruminants, and Somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia: a One Health approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1276275. [PMID: 38596459 PMCID: PMC11002772 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1276275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease with economic and public health importance in pastoral communities of sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022, to estimate the prevalence and identify the associated risk factors causing brucellosis in animals and associated with occupational diseases in humans from three selected districts of "the Somali Pastoral region," Eastern Ethiopia. In this study, 1,000 serum samples were screened for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and further confirmed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A structured questionnaire was used to collect the biodata of tested animals and animal attendants to test the association between explanatory and outcome variables. The overall animal level prevalence was 5% (95% CI, 6.1-7.2.0) in small ruminants, 2.9% (95% CI, 1.5-4.9) in camels, and 2.0% (95% CI, 0.2-3.7) in occupationally linked humans. Herd size and herd history of retained fetal membranes were risk factors associated with Brucella spp. seropositivity in animals (p < 0.05). Disposing of retained fetal membranes was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with Brucella spp. seropositivity in humans. Evidence of brucellosis in various livestock species and associated seropositivity in humans indicates the need for a coordinated One Health approach, considering sociocultural dynamics of pastoral communities in controlling brucellosis to safe guard public health and increase livestock productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Adan Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Megersa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Bedaso Mammo Edao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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12
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Hadermann A, Jada SR, Amaral LJ, Colebunders R, Bol YY, Siewe Fodjo JN. Rapid diagnostic testing for onchocerciasis in Maridi (South Sudan) before and after improving elimination strategies: a repeated cross-sectional survey. Open Res Eur 2024; 3:206. [PMID: 38617116 PMCID: PMC11016167 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16093.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Maridi County is an onchocerciasis-endemic area in South Sudan. Annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) was instituted in Maridi since the early 2000s, but with low coverage. In 2021, the CDTi programme was strengthened to a six-monthly programme. Additionally, the community-based vector control strategy "Slash and Clear" has been implemented since 2019 at the Maridi Dam, the only blackfly breeding site in the area. This study assessed the effect of these reinforced onchocerciasis elimination interventions on the Onchocerca volvulus seroprevalence among young children, an indicator of ongoing transmission. Methods Baseline and follow-up serosurveys were conducted in Maridi in 2019 (prior to strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts) and 2023, respectively. During both surveys, children aged three to nine years were recruited from five study sites situated at different distances from the Maridi Dam. Ov16 antibodies were detected via rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) using whole blood obtained by finger-pricking the participants. Baseline and follow-up Ov16 prevalence rates were calculated and compared. Results In 2019, the Ov16 seroprevalence among children aged three to nine years was 24.5% compared to 30.6% in 2023 (p=0.22). Both surveys found a particularly high Ov16 seroprevalence in the study site closest to the Maridi Dam (35.0% in 2019 and 44.0% in 2023, p=0.52). The Ov16 seroprevalence had a non-significant decreasing trend in the three-year-old children, from 12.5% (3/24) in 2019 to 8.8% (3/34) in 2023 (p=0.65). Conclusion The persistent Ov16 RDT seropositivity among three-year-old children in 2023 indicates ongoing O. volvulus transmission. Therefore, further strengthening of the onchocerciasis elimination programme is required. The study highlights the utility of RDTs in monitoring onchocerciasis transmission in highly endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hadermann
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium
| | | | - Luís-Jorge Amaral
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium
| | - Robert Colebunders
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium
| | - Yak Yak Bol
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Joseph N Siewe Fodjo
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Flanders, 2610, Belgium
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Hiiragi K, Shindo R, Shinoda S, Okuda M, Tanaka-Taya K, Kurasawa K, Miyagi E, Aoki S. Difficulty in Serologic Screening for Subclinical Rubella during Pregnancy. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:91-96. [PMID: 38030270 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, rubella antibodies are tested in all pregnant women to detect subclinical infections. This study aimed to assess the validity of measuring rubella antibodies for detecting subclinical rubella among pregnant women in Japan. This single-center retrospective study measured rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and rubella-specific IgM antibody index (IgM) values. IgM values were measured by conducting enzyme immunoassay, and IgM-values >1.2 were considered positive. Of 14,965 included pregnant women, 186 (1.2%) were IgM-positive. Only one patient was clinically diagnosed with rubella (HI titer, 1:2,048; IgM value, 10) and developed fever and skin rash. She decided to terminate her pregnancy without undergoing repeated blood tests. Of the IgM-positive patients, 136 (73.1%) had rubella HI titers of < 1:256. The correlation coefficient between rubella HI and IgM titers was weakly positive (0.2527; P < 0.0001). This study showed that a single combination of rubella HI and rubella-specific IgM measurements alone could not detect subclinical rubella. Creating awareness among pregnant women by informing them that almost all rubella-specific IgM-positive individuals without symptoms are not acutely infected could decrease their anxiety and prevent unnecessary pregnancy termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Hiiragi
- Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonates, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shindo
- Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonates, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinoda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Kurasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigeru Aoki
- Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonates, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan
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Gigot C, Pisanic N, Spicer K, Davis MF, Kruczynski K, Rivera MG, Koehler K, Hall DJ, Hall DJ, Heaney CD. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence by industry, workplace characteristics, and workplace infection prevention and control measures, North Carolina, 2021 to 2022. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.06.24303821. [PMID: 38496588 PMCID: PMC10942491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.24303821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected workers in certain industries and occupations, and the workplace can be a high risk setting for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, we measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence and identified work-related risk factors in a population primarily working at industrial livestock operations. Methods We used a multiplex salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assay to determine infection-induced antibody prevalence among 236 adult (≥18 years) North Carolina residents between February 2021 and August 2022. We used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to classify employed participants' industry and compared infection-induced IgG prevalence by participant industry and with the North Carolina general population. We also combined antibody results with reported SARS-CoV-2 molecular test positivity and vaccination history to identify evidence of prior infection. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of prior infection by potential work-related risk factors, adjusting for industry and date. Results Most participants (55%) were infection-induced IgG positive, including 71% of animal slaughtering and processing industry workers, which is 1.5 to 4.3 times higher compared to the North Carolina general population, as well as higher than molecularly-confirmed cases and the only other serology study we identified of animal slaughtering and processing workers. Considering questionnaire results in addition to antibodies, the proportion of participants with evidence of prior infection increased slightly, to 61%, including 75% of animal slaughtering and processing workers. Participants with more than 1000 compared to 10 or fewer coworkers at their jobsite had higher odds of prior infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 21.0). Conclusions This study contributes evidence of the severe and disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on animal processing and essential workers and workers in large congregate settings. We also demonstrate the utility of combining non-invasive biomarker and questionnaire data for the study of workplace exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Gigot
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristoffer Spicer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins P.O.E. Total Worker Health(R) Center in Mental Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kate Kruczynski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Magdielis Gregory Rivera
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D. J. Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, USA
| | - Devon J. Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Community Science and Innovation for Environmental Justice Initiative, Center for a Livable Future, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Balasubramanian R, Mohandas S, Thankappan UP, Shete A, Patil D, Sabarinath K, Mathapati B, Sahay R, Patil D, Yadav PD. Surveillance of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius of Kerala state, India, 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342170. [PMID: 38511004 PMCID: PMC10951996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 2018, the Indian state of Kerala has reported four Nipah virus (NiV) disease outbreaks, raising concerns about NiV spillover from bats to the human population. Considering this, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Pteropus medius bat population around the Nipah virus-affected regions of Kozhikode, Kerala, India, during February, July, and September 2023. Methods Throat swabs, rectal swabs, and organ samples were collected from bats to test for NiV using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while serum samples were screened for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies through ELISA. Results An overall seroprevalence of 20.9% was observed in 272 P. medius bats tested. The throat and rectal swab samples of 321 bats were negative for NiV RNA. However, 4 of 44 P. medius bats tested positive for NiV in their liver/spleen samples. The partial N gene retrieved showed more than 99% similarity with the earlier reported NiV genome from Kerala state, India. Discussion The findings of the study caution that there is a spillover risk in the region and necessary precautions should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Shete
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Dilip Patil
- Animal House, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kannan Sabarinath
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Rima Sahay
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Deepak Patil
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya D. Yadav
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Oveisipour A, Hataminejad M, Fouladi B, Azizi H. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Liver Disease in Southeastern Iran. Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov 2024; 19:RAAIDD-EPUB-138940. [PMID: 38441016 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344286367240221082018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research has been concentrated on investigating the involvement of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in the progression of liver disorders. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the effects of toxoplasmosis infection on biological biomarkers such as aspirate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol (Chol), and triglyceride (Tg) levels in Sistan, southeast Iran. METHODS A case-control study was conducted between December 2021 and September 2022. The study included 225 patients diagnosed with NAFLD as the case group and 225 healthy blood donors as the control group. The controls were selected from the same region and were matched with the patients based on gender and age. We collected serum samples from all patients and utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze them for the existence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. A questionnaire and medical records were utilized to gather data on the patient's demographic factors. RESULTS The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were 68 (30.2%) in patients with NAFLD, whereas it was 11 (4.88%) in the control group. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in NAFLD patients increased in correlation with age (P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly greater in the seropositive group compared to the seronegative group (P < 0.001). In addition, the levels of the metabolic markers Chol and Tg were significantly higher in T. gondii seropositive NAFLD patients compared to T. gondii seronegative NAFLD patients. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii in patients with NAFLD. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Oveisipour
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Maryam Hataminejad
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahman Fouladi
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hakim Azizi
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Moudgil P, Pandita S, Kumar R, Khasa V, Dash SS, Bangar YC, Jindal N. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in pigs in Haryana, India. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:136-143. [PMID: 37946694 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common food-borne parasitic zoonosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in Haryana, India. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum samples were collected from 429 pigs from three agroclimatic zones (I-III) of Haryana and analysed for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 106 animals (24.7%), with the highest seropositivity in zone II (31.3%) followed by zone III (24.4%) and zone I (18.3%). Risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were farm size (higher in large-sized farms), age (higher in pigs >1 year of age), sex (higher in males), type of feeding (higher in combination of homemade and hotel waste) and housing (higher in free-ranging pigs). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study testify to the exposure of pigs (of all agro-climatic zones) to T. gondii. Hence, the observations are of significant medical and veterinary importance for devising and implementing control measures to check the dissemination of toxoplasmosis to pigs and eventually to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Pandita
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Khasa
- State Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Spandan Shashwat Dash
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Yogesh C Bangar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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O’Brien SF, Deeks SL, Hatchette T, Pambrun C, Drews SJ. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Nova Scotia blood donors. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2024; 9:32-45. [PMID: 38567363 PMCID: PMC10984316 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitors cumulative infection rates irrespective of case testing protocols. We aimed to describe Nova Scotia blood donor seroprevalence in relation to public health policy and reported data over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020 to August 2022). Methods Monthly random Nova Scotia blood donation samples (24,258 in total) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid) from May 2020 to August 2022, and vaccination antibodies (anti-spike) from January 2021 to August 2022. Multivariable logistic regression for infection antibodies and vaccination antibodies separately with month, age, sex, and racialization identified independent predictors. The provincial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive case rate over the pandemic was calculated from publicly available data. Results Anti-N seroprevalence was 3.8% in January 2022, increasing to 50.8% in August 2022. The general population COVID-19 case rate was 3.5% in January 2022, increasing to 12.5% in August 2022. The percentage of NAAT-positive samples in public health laboratories increased from 1% in November 2021 to a peak of 30.7% in April 2022 with decreasing numbers of tests performed. Higher proportions of younger donors as well as Black, Indigenous, and racialized blood donors were more likely to have infection antibodies (p < 0.01). Vaccination antibodies increased to 100% over 2021, initially in older donors (60+ years), and followed by progressively younger age groups. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were relatively low in Nova Scotia until the more contagious Omicron variant dominated, after which about half of Nova Scotia donors had been infected despite most adults being vaccinated (although severity was much lower in vaccinated individuals). Most COVID-19 cases were detected by NAAT until Omicron arrived. When NAAT testing priorities focused on high-risk individuals, infection rates were better reflected by seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O’Brien
- Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley L Deeks
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Todd Hatchette
- Division of Microbiology, Nova Scotia Health, Central Zone, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chantale Pambrun
- Medical Affairs & Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kitro A, Imad HA, Pisutsan P, Matsee W, Sirikul W, Sapbamrer R, Rapheal E, Fernandez S, Cotrone TS, Farmer AR, Hunsawong T, Silachamroon U, Chatapat L, Olanwijitwong J, Salee P, Anderson KB, Piyaphanee W. Seroprevalence of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Zika among long-term expatriates in Thailand. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae022. [PMID: 38335250 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Travel to Southeast Asia increases the likelihood of acquiring mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections such as dengue (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Expatriates are long-term travellers who have a higher risk of mosquito-borne illness at their destination country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of DENV, JEV and ZIKV infections and the determinants contributing to seropositivity among expatriates living in Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2017 to February 2020. Expatriates from non-Flavivirus endemic countries were recruited. 5 mL of blood was collected for DENV 1-4, JEV and ZIKV antibody testing by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Individuals with vaccination histories or diagnoses for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis were excluded. RESULTS Among 254 participants, most participants (83.1%) were male, the mean age was 65 years and the median duration of stay in Thailand was 6 years. Seroprevalence rate of any Flavivirus, non-specific DENV, DENV1-4, JEV and ZIKV were 34.3, 30.7, 20.5, 18.1, 18.9, 10.6, 4.7 and 2.8%, respectively. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against DENV1-4 positively correlates with the duration of stay in Thailand. DENV seropositivity was associated with living in urban areas (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.36-5.57). Expatriates were unlikely to have detectable anti-JEV antibodies regardless of time spent in a JEV-endemic area. No risk factors were identified that were significantly associated with JEV or ZIKV seropositivity. Only 48.4% received pre-travel counselling services, while only 18.9% visited a travel medicine specialist. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion (34.3%) of long-term expatriates living in Thailand were seropositive for flavivirus, mainly from dengue (30.7%). To minimize risk, travel medicine practitioners should provide adequate pre-travel health risk information on mosquito-borne flavivirus infection and offer advice on mosquito bite prevention strategies. Dengue vaccine might be considered in high-risk travellers such as long-term expatriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hisham Ahmed Imad
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Phimphan Pisutsan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasin Matsee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Erica Rapheal
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN 55414, USA
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas S Cotrone
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aaron R Farmer
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Taweewun Hunsawong
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Silachamroon
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Lapakorn Chatapat
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutarmas Olanwijitwong
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Parichat Salee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Watcharapong Piyaphanee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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20
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de Aguirre PM, Carlos S, Pina-Sánchez M, Mbikayi S, Burgueño E, Tendobi C, Chiva L, Holguín Á, Reina G. High pre-Delta and early-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence detected in dried blood samples from Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29529. [PMID: 38516764 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa have yielded varying results, although authors universally agree the real burden surpasses reported cases. The primary objective of this study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among patients attending Monkole Hospital in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). The secondary objective was to evaluate the analytic performance of two chemiluminescence platforms: Elecsys® (Roche) and VirClia® (Vircell) on dried blood spot samples (DBS). The study population (N = 373) was recruited in two stages: a mid-2021 blood donor cohort (15.5% women) and a mid-2022 women cohort. Crude global seroprevalence was 61% (53.9%-67.8%) pre-Delta in 2021 and 90.2% (84.7%-94.2%) post-Omicron in 2022. Anti-spike (S) antibody levels significantly increased from 53.1 (31.8-131.3) U/mL in 2021 to 436.5 (219.3-950.5) U/mL in 2022 and were significantly higher above 45 years old in the 2022 population. Both platforms showed good analytic performance on DBS samples: sensitivity was 96.8% for IgG (antiN/S) (93.9%-98.5%) and 96.0% (93.0%-98.0%) for anti-S quantification. These results provide additional support for the notion that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is more widespread than indicated by case-based surveillance and will be able to guide the pandemic response and strategy moving forward. Likewise, this study contributes evidence to the reliability of DBS as a tool for serological testing and diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Irunlarrea, 3, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Samclide Mbikayi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Eduardo Burgueño
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Céline Tendobi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Luis Chiva
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - África Holguín
- Laboratorio Epidemiología Molecular VIH-1, Hospital Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS y CIBERESP-RITIP, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Abuova GN, Berdaliyeva FA, Polukchi TV, Aliyev DS, Raymkulov GS, Kulemin MV, Saylaubekuly R. Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the population of Turkestan region. Infez Med 2024; 32:83-89. [PMID: 38456018 PMCID: PMC10917566 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3201-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the level of seroprevalence to the virus of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in population of rural area of the particular districts of Turkestan region, Kazakhstan and its connection with epidemiological alerts. Materials and methods For determining the real Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) circulation in Turkestan region, Kazakhstan, massive sero-epidemiologic studies were conducted. Healthy residents of Turkestan Region aged from 10 to 75 years were examined without having been previously registered with CCHF. After receiving an informed consent, 5 ml of venous blood was collected for ELISA assay using the following test kits: VectoCrimea-CHF-IgG and VectoCrimea-CHF-IgM by the Vector-Best JSC. Findings on CCHF morbidity rate along with prevalence of ticks were received from the reports of the Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results Blood serum samples were collected prospectively from 4259 residents in all 16 districts of rural areas of Turkestan region. CCHF seroprevalence was detected in 2.39% of cases. Anamnesis of a tick-bite along with livestock contact in 18-30 years and 41-50 years age groups were considered as risk factors. The highest rate of CCHF seroprevalence was determined in the following recognized endemic regions and districts, namely Sozak District (4.04%), Turkestan Region (3.85%), Jetisu Region (3.6%). Reactivity probes were detected in residents of all 16 districts of Turkestan Region. The research statistics displayed that CHHF pathogen considerably increased its circulation in the endemic regions and the disease communicated into a number of new districts. Conclusion IgG ELISA was performed to screen CCH-FV in 4259 village inhabitants of Turkestan Region and revealed the presence of antibodies in 2.39% of its population. Weak linear correlation relationship was established between CCHFV seroprevalence rate and CCH-FV morbidity rate in the particular districts of Turkestan Region. As people grow older, CCHFV IgG detection rate increases. Living on CHHF endemic territories is a serious risk factor to become CHHF positive which is characterized by manifestation of the subclinical forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhan Narkenovna Abuova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Tatyana Vasiliyevna Polukchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Daulet Sabyrovich Aliyev
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan
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22
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Mustafa KM, Mohammed AB, Mero WMS. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq. Cureus 2024; 16:e56328. [PMID: 38628991 PMCID: PMC11019471 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, poses varying degrees of risk, ranging from asymptomatic cases in immunocompetent individuals to severe, life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and developing fetuses, especially when infection occurs during early pregnancy. While the disease is endemic in Iraq, there is a notable lack of precise information regarding its seroprevalence among females of childbearing age and pregnant women, along with associated risk factors in the Zakho district. This cross-sectional study aimed to address this gap by determining the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using the ELISA assay. The study involved 610 females aged 18-79 years from various residential areas within Zakho district, Iraq. The findings revealed a seroprevalence of 32.46% for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 8.86% for IgM antibodies. Significant variations in IgG antibody seroprevalence were observed across different age groups (P=0.008), with the highest prevalence noted among those aged 46-55 years (47.73%). Conversely, IgM antibody seroprevalence, while non-significant (P>0.05), displayed the highest rate of 10.05% among ages 18-25 years. The study identified residence as a variable significantly associated with toxoplasmosis. Additionally, contact with cats, marital status, a history of abortion, and the consumption of homemade food showed significant associations with anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies only. These findings strongly suggest that Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent causative agent of infection in Zakho city, Iraq. This study contributes valuable insights into the seroprevalence and associated risk factors, providing a foundation for targeted interventions and further research in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthom M Mustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, IRQ
| | - Ahmed B Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, IRQ
| | - Wijdan M S Mero
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, IRQ
- College of Science, Nawroz University, Duhok, IRQ
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23
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Vermeulen M, Mhlanga L, Sykes W, Cable R, Coleman C, Pietersen N, Swanevelder R, Glatt TN, Bingham J, van den Berg K, Grebe E, Welte A. The evolution and interpretation of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among South African blood donors from the Beta to Omicron variant-driven waves. Vox Sang 2024; 119:242-251. [PMID: 38156504 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses underestimate the total number of infections. Blood donors can provide representative seroprevalence estimates, which can be leveraged into reasonable estimates of total infection counts and infection fatality rate (IFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood donors who donated after each of three epidemic waves (Beta, Delta and first Omicron waves) were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies using the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulin assay. Roche Elecsys anti-spike antibody testing was done for the post-Omicron sampling. Prevalence of antibodies was estimated by age, sex, race and province and compared to official case reporting. Province and age group-specific IFRs were estimated using external excess mortality estimates. RESULTS The nationally weighted anti-nucleocapsid seroprevalence estimates after the Beta, Delta and Omicron waves were 47% (46.2%-48.6%), 71% (68.8%-73.5%) and 87% (85.5%-88.4%), respectively. There was no variation by age and sex, but there were statistically and epidemiologically significant differences by province (except at the latest time point) and race. There was a 13-fold higher seroprevalence than confirmed case counts at the first time point. Age-dependent IFR roughly doubled for every 10 years of age increase over 6 decades from 0.014% in children to 6.793% in octogenarians. CONCLUSION Discrepancies were found between seroprevalence and confirmed case counts. High seroprevalence rates found among Black African donors can be ascribed to historical inequities. Our IFR estimates were useful in refining previous large disagreements about the severity of the epidemic in South Africa. Blood donor-based serosurveys provided a valuable and efficient way to provide near real-time monitoring of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vermeulen
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Laurette Mhlanga
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wendy Sykes
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Charl Coleman
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Tanya Nadia Glatt
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Bingham
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karin van den Berg
- South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Eduard Grebe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex Welte
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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24
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Dana Flanders W, Lally C, Dilley A, Diaz-Decaro J. Estimated cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in the general population of the United States and Canada. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29525. [PMID: 38529529 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Seroprevalence data for cytomegalovirus (CMV), a widespread virus causing lifelong infection, vary widely, and contemporary data from the United States (US) and Canada are limited. Utilizing a modeling approach based on a literature review (conducted August, 2022) of data published since 2005, we determine age-, sex-, and country-specific CMV seroprevalence in the general US and Canadian populations. Sex-specific data were extracted by age categories, and a random-effects meta-regression model was used to fit the reported data (incorporating splines for the US). Seven studies reported US CMV seroprevalence (both sexes, aged 1‒89 years); all used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Due to limited population-based studies, Canadian estimates were modeled using other limited country data. In both countries, modeled seroprevalence estimates increased with age and were higher in females versus males (US: 49.0% vs. 41.6% at 18‒19 years; 61.5% vs. 50.0% at 38‒39 years; Canada: 23.7% vs. 13.7% at 18‒19 years; 32.6% vs. 22.6% at 38‒39 years). Notably, by young adulthood, one-half of US and one-quarter of Canadian females have acquired CMV. The observed differences in CMV seroprevalence in the US and Canada may partially reflect variations in general population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemiologic Research & Methods, LLC, Southport, NC, USA
| | - Cathy Lally
- Epidemiologic Research & Methods, LLC, Southport, NC, USA
| | - Anne Dilley
- Epidemiologic Research & Methods, LLC, Southport, NC, USA
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25
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Thongyuan S, Thanongsaksrikul J, Srimanote P, Phongphaew W, Eiamcharoen P, Thengchaisri N, Bosco-Lauth A, Decaro N, Yodsheewan R. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats during Five Waves of COVID-19 Epidemic in Thailand and Correlation with Human Outbreaks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:761. [PMID: 38473145 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-to-animal SARS-CoV-2 transmission was observed, including a veterinarian contracting COVID-19 through close contact with an infected cat, suggesting an atypical zoonotic transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats during human outbreaks and elucidated the correlation between cat infections and human epidemics. A total of 1107 cat serum samples were collected and screened for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a modified indirect ELISA human SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection kit. The samples were confirmed using a cPass™ neutralization test. The SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate was 22.67% (199/878), mirroring the trend observed in concomitant human case numbers. The waves of the epidemic and the provinces did not significantly impact ELISA-positive cats. Notably, Chon Buri exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.99, p = 0.009) between positive cat sera and reported human case numbers. Additionally, the cPass™ neutralization test revealed a 3.99% (35/878) seropositivity rate. There were significant differences in numbers and proportions of positive cat sera between epidemic waves. In Samut Sakhon, a positive correlation (r = 1, p = 0.042) was noted between the proportion of positive cat sera and human prevalence. The findings emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance to comprehend SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in both human and feline populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suporn Thongyuan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani 12121, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani 12121, Thailand
| | - Wallaya Phongphaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Eiamcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Angela Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3107 W Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Rungrueang Yodsheewan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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26
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Benoit TJ, Kim Y, Deng Y, Li Z, Harding L, Wiegand R, Deng X, Jones JM, Ronaldo I, Clarke KEN. Association Between Social Vulnerability and SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Specimens Collected From Commercial Laboratories, United States, September 2021-February 2022. Public Health Rep 2024:333549231223140. [PMID: 38357883 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231223140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a national US study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) that included pediatric data and compared the Delta and Omicron periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study was to assess the association between SVI and seroprevalence of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by period (Delta vs Omicron) and age group. METHODS We used results of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays of clinical sera specimens (N = 406 469) from 50 US states from September 2021 through February 2022 to estimate seroprevalence overall and by county SVI tercile. Bivariate analyses and multilevel logistic regression models assessed the association of seropositivity with SVI and its themes by age group (0-17, ≥18 y) and period (Delta: September-November 2021; Omicron: December 2021-February 2022). RESULTS Aggregate infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence increased at all 3 SVI levels; it ranged from 25.8% to 33.5% in September 2021 and from 53.1% to 63.5% in February 2022. Of the 4 SVI themes, socioeconomic status had the strongest association with seroprevalence. During the Delta period, we found significantly more infections per reported case among people living in a county with high SVI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76; 95% CI, 2.31-3.21) than in a county with low SVI (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-1.97); we found no significant difference during the Omicron period. Otherwise, findings were consistent across subanalyses by age group and period. CONCLUSIONS Among both children and adults, and during both the Delta and Omicron periods, counties with high SVI had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence than counties with low SVI did. These disparities reinforce SVI's value in identifying communities that need tailored prevention efforts during public health emergencies and resources to recover from their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Benoit
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Zheng Li
- Office of Capacity Development and Applied Prevention Science, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ryan Wiegand
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jefferson M Jones
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kristie E N Clarke
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Balcázar L, Azócar-Aedo L, Barrera V, Meniconi G, Muñoz V, Valencia-Soto C. Detection of Antibodies for Pathogenic Leptospira in Wild Mammals and Birds from Southern Chile-First Record of Seropositivity in a Guiña ( Leopardus guigna). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:601. [PMID: 38396569 PMCID: PMC10886123 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is present in different animal species. This epidemiological study determined the seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in animals at a wildlife rehabilitation center in Puerto Montt, southern Chile, by sampling 60 animals belonging to three classes (birds, mammals, and reptiles). Diagnosis was performed using the microscopic agglutination test with a panel of eight serovars and serogroups. The results showed that 15 animals had anti-Leptospira antibodies, obtaining a seroprevalence of 25.00%, with Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Tarassovi presenting reactivity in 13 of the seropositive animals. Among the classes of mammals, chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus) and pudus (Pudu puda) were seropositive. A guiña (Leopardus guigna) was also seropositive, which was described for the first time in mammals. Among the classes of birds, choroy parrots (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), bandurrias (Theristicus melanopis), and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) were seropositive. Routine examinations to diagnose leptospirosis, perform epidemiological surveillance, and apply prevention and control measures are necessary, and additional research focusing on the One Health approach to explore the epidemiological role of different wild animal species in the maintenance and transmission of leptospirosis at the local and global levels are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Balcázar
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Lucía Azócar-Aedo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Violeta Barrera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Gloria Meniconi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Victoria Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Carola Valencia-Soto
- Parque Nacional Puyehue, Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF), Ruta 215, Puyehue 5360000, Chile
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28
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Lanave G, Camero M, Coppola C, Marchi S, Cascone G, Salina F, Coltraro M, Odigie AE, Montomoli E, Chiapponi C, Cicirelli V, Martella V, Trombetta CM. Serological Evidence for Circulation of Influenza D Virus in the Ovine Population in Italy. Pathogens 2024; 13:162. [PMID: 38392900 PMCID: PMC10892703 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel orthomyxovirus initially isolated from pigs exhibiting influenza-like disease in the USA. Since then, IDV has been detected worldwide in several host species, including livestock animals, whilst specific antibodies have been identified in humans, raising concerns about interspecies transmission and zoonotic risks. Few data regarding the seroprevalence of IDV in small ruminants have been available to date. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of antibodies against IDV in ovine serum samples in Sicily, Southern Italy. Six hundred serum samples, collected from dairy sheep herds located in Sicily in 2022, were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays using reference strains, D/660 and D/OK, representative of two distinct IDV lineages circulating in Italy. Out of 600 tested samples, 168 (28.0%) tested positive to either IDV strain D/660 or D/OK or to both by HI whilst 378 (63.0%) tested positive to either IDV strain D/660 or D/OK or to both by VN. Overall, our findings demonstrate that IDV circulates in ovine dairy herds in Sicily. Since IDV seems to have a broad host range and it has zoonotic potential, it is important to collect epidemiological information on susceptible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.E.O.); (V.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.E.O.); (V.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Chiara Coppola
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Cascone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (F.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Felice Salina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (F.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriana Coltraro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (F.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Amienwanlen E. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.E.O.); (V.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Sede Territoriale di Parma, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cicirelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.E.O.); (V.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.E.O.); (V.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Claudia M. Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
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Kordi R, Chang AJ, Hicar MD. Seasonal Testing, Results, and Effect of the Pandemic on Coxsackievirus Serum Studies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:367. [PMID: 38399771 PMCID: PMC10893248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses (CVs) are common causes of infections and can be life-threatening. Unfortunately, rigorous studies guiding the clinician in interpreting CV serum antibody titer testing is lacking. To explore the epidemiology of circulating CVs and the serological test utility in aiding diagnosis of CV infections in our community, we obtained results of CV immunologic diagnostic tests between 2018 and 2022 from a regional healthcare database. For CV type A, rare individuals had positive CF (complement fixation) tests whereas all 16 individuals with IFA testing showed at least one positive serotype. For CV type B CF testing, 52.2% of 222 patients had at least one serotype positive, with B5 being most common and also the most common with higher titers (14.8% with ≥1:32). We found a significant reduction in seropositivity rate during the pandemic in 2020 compared to 2018, which continued through 2022 (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08-0.49, p-value < 0.001). During the pandemic, the seasonal pattern of positive tests varied from the pre-pandemic pattern. Testing for CVs was increased after the first year of the pandemic. Overall, the variability by month and seasonal change in our data support that CF testing can be used to identify recent CVB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kordi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Arthur J. Chang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Mark D. Hicar
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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Rockwell EM, Abernathy HA, Evans LM, Bhowmik R, Giandomenico DA, Salzer JS, Maldonado CJ, Choi YS, Boyce RM. Changes in the Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsia and Ehrlichia Among Soldiers-Fort Liberty, North Carolina, 1991-2019. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae028. [PMID: 38330207 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We obtained samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository from soldiers who were stationed at Fort Liberty, North Carolina, between 1991 and 2019 to assess temporal trends in tick-borne rickettsiosis and ehrlichiosis. Serological evidence of infection was common, with nearly 1 in 5 (18.9%) demonstrating antibodies. We observed significant decreases in Rickettsia seroprevalence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.42 [95% CI, .27-.65], P = .0001) while over the same period Ehrlichia seroprevalence, albeit less common, nearly doubled (aOR, 3.61 [95% CI, 1.10-13.99], P = .048). The increase in Ehrlichia seroprevalence likely reflects increased transmission resulting from the expanding geographic range of the lone star tick.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lanya M Evans
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ryan Bhowmik
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Dana A Giandomenico
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Johanna S Salzer
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carlos J Maldonado
- Department of Research/Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty
| | - Y Sammy Choi
- Department of Research/Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty
| | - Ross M Boyce
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Belamaric M, Ferenc T, Navolan D, Kolaric B, Milasincic L, Antolasic L, Vujica Ferenc M, Vilibic M, Lukunic A, Bogdanic M. Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Viruses Type 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Croatia. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:284. [PMID: 38399571 PMCID: PMC10890541 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are one of the most widespread causes of human viral infections. In Croatia, only two published studies have analyzed the seroprevalence of HSV infections in childbearing-aged and pregnant women (2005-2010), while more recent data are lacking. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors for HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections among pregnant women in Croatia in the period from 2011 to 2021. Materials and Methods: This study included 667 pregnant women aged 16-45 years submitted for HSV-1 and HSV-2 serology testing. Serum samples were initially screened for HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA test with a confirmation of HSV-2-positive samples using an immunoblot assay. Results: The overall IgG seroprevalence rates were 69.9% for HSV-1 and 3.8% for HSV-2. A significant gradual increase in the HSV-2 seroprevalence with age was observed from 0.5% in participants under 30 years to 8.3% in participants above 40 years. The HSV-1 seroprevalence was stable up to 40 years (70.0 and 68.3%, respectively), with an increase to 86.1%, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Area of residence (urban or suburban/rural), geographic region (continental or coastal), and obstetric history (normal pregnancy or unfavorable obstetric history) were not associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence. Older age was found to be a significant risk factor for HSV-2 seropositivity in both univariate and multivariate risk analysis. Conclusions: HSV-1 infection is widely prevalent among pregnant women with a stable trend over time. However, a declining trend in the HSV-2 seroprevalence was observed compared to 2005-2010. Serological screening in pregnant women is important in identifying seronegative women who are susceptible to HSV infection as well as seropositive women who are at risk for genital herpes recurrence during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (L.A.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Belamaric
- Teaching Institute for Emergency Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Thomas Ferenc
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dan Navolan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Milasincic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Ljiljana Antolasic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Mateja Vujica Ferenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Vilibic
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Lukunic
- Department of Microbiology, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (L.A.)
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Zhong D, Wahaab A, Zheng J, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wei J. Development of Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Strips for Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs across Shanghai, China. Viruses 2024; 16:258. [PMID: 38400034 PMCID: PMC10892515 DOI: 10.3390/v16020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute encephalitis in humans and is of major public health concern in most Asian regions. Dogs are suitable sentinels for assessing the risk of JEV infection in humans. A neutralization test (NT) or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for the serological detection of JEV in dogs; however, these tests have several limitations, and, thus, a more convenient and reliable alternative test is needed. In this study, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (ICS), using a purified recombinant EDIII protein, was established for the serological survey of JEV infection in dogs. The results show that the ICSs could specifically detect JEV antibodies within 10 min without cross-reactions with antibodies against other canine viruses. The test strips could detect anti-JEV in serum with dilution up to 640 times, showing high sensitivity. The coincidence rate with the NT test was higher than 96.6%. Among 586 serum samples from dogs in Shanghai examined using the ICS test, 179 (29.98%) were found to be positive for JEV antibodies, and the high seropositivity of JEV in dogs in China was significantly correlated with the season and living environment. In summary, we developed an accurate and economical ICS for the rapid detection of anti-JEV in dog serum samples with great potential for the surveillance of JEV in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Zhong
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai 201600, China;
| | - Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Jiayang Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.)
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Szécsényi M, Somogyvári F, Dóczi I. [Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women between 2018 and 2022]. Orv Hetil 2024; 165:177-182. [PMID: 38310519 DOI: 10.1556/650.2024.32967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Bevezetés: A Toxoplasma gondii egy világszerte
előforduló vér- és szöveti parazita. Terjedése történhet kontaminált
ételek/italok fogyasztásával, valamint transzplantációval, transzfúzióval és
transzplacentáris úton is. Ez utóbbi átviteli mód következtében az akut
Toxoplasma-fertőzés kockázatos a toxoplasmosisra fogékony
várandós nőknél a lehetséges magzatkárosodások miatt. A toxoplasmosisra való
fogékonyságnak, ezáltal a magzat védelmének indirekt meghatározására az
antenatalis szerológiai vizsgálat alkalmas, mely során
Toxoplasma-specifikus antitestek szintjét mérjük. E
vizsgálat révén megbízhatóan követhető a várandós szerostátusza: a fogékonyság
(szeronegatív), a korábban lezajlott toxoplasmosis, a latens fertőzés, valamint
az akut, tünetekkel járó/tünetmentes fertőzés diagnosztizálása. Ez utóbbi
megerősítésére/kizárására használjuk az
anti-Toxoplasma-immunglobulin-G-aviditásvizsgálatot.
Célkitűzés: A szegedi és Szeged környéki várandós nők
Toxoplasma-szeroprevalenciájának meghatározása.
Módszer: A 2018 és 2022 közötti adatok retrospektív
legyűjtése a MedBakter informatikai rendszerből, ezt követően a 14 és 50 év
közötti várandós nők adatainak elemzése. Eredmények: Az 5 év
alatt 8609 várandós nő mintáját vizsgáltuk meg, akik közül 7093-nál 1, 1430-nál
2, 83-nál 3, 3-nál pedig 4 terhességet különítettünk el a vizsgált időszakban.
Az elemzésbe bevont várandós nők átlagéletkora 31 év volt. Szerológiai
vizsgálataink során 6834 (79,4%), Toxoplasma-fertőzésre
fogékony (szeronegatív), 1775 (20,6%) szeropozitív: latens vagy korábban
lezajlott (1756), illetve akut (19) fertőzött várandóst diagnosztizáltunk. 4
esetben egy adott terhesség során történt szerokonverzió, vagyis az adott
terhesség első mintájánál még szeronegatív eredményt kaptunk, viszont a
kontrollsavó esetében már anti-Toxoplasma ellenanyagokat
tudtunk kimutatni. Megbeszélés: A szegedi és Szeged környéki
várandósok körében a Toxoplasma-szeroprevalencia 20,6% volt
2018 és 2022 között, ami csökkent érték a 2000-es évben rögzített országos
adatokhoz képest. Következtetés: Figyelembe véve az általunk
diagnosztizált, terhesség során bekövetkező szerokonverziót, a toxoplasmosisra
fogékony várandósok többszöri (legalább kéthavonta történő) szűrése a terhesség
során kifejezetten javasolt, tehát nem elég csak az első trimeszterben felmérni
a szerostátuszt. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(5): 177–182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szécsényi
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
| | - Ferenc Somogyvári
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
| | - Ilona Dóczi
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
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Kroken RA, Stabell LA, Grewal HMS, Ulvestad E, Landsnes AJ, Johnsen E. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a prospective cohort of patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward in Norway during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:103-111. [PMID: 38038146 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2276220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread around the world during the first part of 2020. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients acutely admitted to the Psychiatric Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital. METHODS Serum tests to assess for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were administered at admission to the clinic together with a questionnaire on symptoms and demographical information. Further information was obtained from the medical records. RESULTS The cumulative seroprevalence in the 266 participants was 0.75%, the cumulative reported cases in the Norwegian general population was 0.61% at the end of the inclusion period of the study. Twenty-five percent of participants had risk factors for a serious course of COVID-19. There was a low prevalence of cohabitation and only 20% had their main income derived from ordinary salaries (not welfare). CONCLUSION The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a sample of patients acutely admitted to the Psychiatric Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, was comparable to reported cases in the general population. A possible link to governmental and municipal restrictions, general low workplace participation and cohabitation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lena A Stabell
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harleen M S Grewal
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elling Ulvestad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Di Marco Lo Presti V, Ippolito D, Migliore S, Tolone M, Mignacca SA, Marino AMF, Amato B, Calogero R, Vitale M, Vicari D, Ciarello FP, Fiasconaro M. Large-scale serological survey on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep and goat herds in Sicily, Southern Italy. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334036. [PMID: 38362298 PMCID: PMC10868524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a worldwide chronic, contagious enteric disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) mainly affecting ruminant species. PTB is a WOAH-listed disease with direct and indirect economic losses in the livestock sector, negative impact on animal welfare and significant public health concerns. In spite of this, MAP prevalence in small ruminants is still unknown and the prevalence appears to be underestimated in many countries. The aim of this study is providing a first large-scale serological survey on MAP infection in small ruminants in Sicily, a region of Southern Italy with the 11.3 and 8.9% Italian national heritage of sheep and goats, respectively. Methods For this purpose, we analyzed a total of 48,643 animals reared in 439 flocks throughout Sicily. MAP seroprevalence was estimated both at herd-level and animal-level within breeds reared in all the nine sampled provinces. Results Our results revealed a high overall apparent prevalence at herd-level of 71.8% in sheep and 60.8% in goat farms with an animal-level prevalence of 4.5 and 5.1% in sheep and goats, respectively. Significant statistical differences were found between the provinces and within the breeds both in sheep and goats. Discussion Our study provides the first large-scale serological survey on PTB infection in small ruminants in Sicily and showed a high prevalence of disease depending to the species, breed and province. This study represents the first step to better understand the MAP epidemiology in a typical Mediterranean breeding context, suggesting the need of in-depth study on the herds risk factors, including the eventual presence of candidate genes for resistance/susceptibility to PTB in native breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tolone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Benedetta Amato
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rosita Calogero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fiasconaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
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Iwata K. Nonnegligible Seroprevalence and Predictors of Murine Typhus, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:403. [PMID: 38270544 PMCID: PMC10826769 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
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Assoni LCP, Nakashima F, de Sousa VP, Paduan NJ, Andreasse IR, Anghinoni TH, de Faria Junior GM, Ricci Junior O, Castiglioni L, Brandão CC, de Mattos LC, Ayo CM. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in blood donors in a population from the northwestern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:102-109. [PMID: 37647457 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide with varying prevalence between human populations. These variations are mainly associated with human exposure to risk factors. In this article, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk factors associated with infection in 1729 blood donors from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil were analysed. METHODS The serological tests for detecting immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-T. gondii were used. The risk factors associated with the infection were identified through the application of an epidemiological questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 48.0%. The following factors were identified in the final model after multiple logistic regression analysis: drinking raw milk (p=0.003; odds ratio [OR] 1.364 [confidence interval {CI} 1.1 to 1.7]), residing in a rural area (p<0.0001; OR 2.764 [CI 1.7 to 4.6]) and receiving a blood transfusion (p=0.015; OR 1.856 [CI 1.1 to 3.0]). CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in this study showed that the blood donor population is exposed to risk factors related to infection by T. gondii. These data allow the establishment of control programs to contribute to public health in northwestern São Paulo state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Carolina Paraboli Assoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Pardo de Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Juliana Paduan
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Rufino Andreasse
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Thelma Helena Anghinoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magela de Faria Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Octávio Ricci Junior
- Hemocentro de São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Lilian Castiglioni
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Coletiva - Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Christiane Maria Ayo
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
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Shi DS, McDonald E, Shah M, Groenewold MR, Haynes JM, Spencer BR, Stramer S, Feldstein LR, Saydah S, Jones J, Chiu SK, Rinsky JL. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among US blood donors by industry, May-December 2021. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:169-173. [PMID: 38047323 PMCID: PMC10843782 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work is a social determinant of health that is often overlooked. There are major work-related differences in the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and death, but there have been few analyses of infection rates across industry groups. To date, only one national assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence by industry based on self-report has been completed. No study has looked at seroprevalence of COVID-19 by industry. METHODS During May-December 2021, blood donors with SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid testing were sent an electronic survey about their work. Free-text industry responses were classified using the North American Industry Classification System. We estimated seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV-2 infection by industry. RESULTS Of 57,726 donors, 7040 (12%, 95% CI: 11.9%-12.5%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Seroprevalence was highest among Accommodation & Food Services (19.3%, 95% CI: 17.1%-21.6%), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (19.2%, 95% CI: 12.8%-27.8%), Healthcare & Social Assistance (15.6%, 95% CI: 14.9%-16.4%), and Construction (14.7%, 95% CI: 13.1%-16.3%). Seroprevalence was lowest among Management of Companies & Enterprises (6.5%, 95% CI: 3.5%-11.5%), Professional Scientific & Technical Services (8.4%, 95% CI: 7.7%-9.0%), and Information (9.9%, 95% CI: 8.5%-11.5%). CONCLUSIONS While workers in all industries had serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, certain sectors were disproportionately impacted. Disease surveillance systems should routinely collect work characteristics so public health and industry leaders can address health disparities using sector-specific policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S. Shi
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily McDonald
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Melisa Shah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew R. Groenewold
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James M. Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Bryan R. Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Susan Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Leora R. Feldstein
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jefferson Jones
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sophia K. Chiu
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jessica L. Rinsky
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
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Ebogo-Belobo JT, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Chavely GM, Groschup MH, Mbacham WF, Njouom R. First detection of Rift Valley fever virus antibodies in non-human primates in Cameroon. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12687. [PMID: 38083993 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We tested for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) from at least 15 species of non-human primates. RVFV IgG/IgM antibodies were detected in 3.7% (2 out of 53) of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and in 1.4% (1 out of 72) of unidentified non-human primate species. This study was the first investigation of RVFV in monkeys in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Mattatia C, Agyeman PKA, Schöbi N, Aebi S, Duppenthaler A, Büttcher M, Aebi C. Seroepidemiology of Human Tularemia-Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Seroprevalence Studies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad636. [PMID: 38312214 PMCID: PMC10837002 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Seroepidemiologic studies of human tularemia have been conducted throughout the northern hemisphere. The purposes of this study were (1) to provide an overview of Francisella tularensis seroprevalence data, and (2) to generate an estimate of the proportion of study participants whose infection remained subclinical. Methods We conducted a systematic review of F tularensis seroprevalence studies according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science covering the period from 1951 to 2023. Results The weighted pooled seroprevalence among 44 486 participants recruited in 52 studies was 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-5.1). Reported seroprevalences ranged between 0.2% and 31.3%. Occupational activities associated with an increased likelihood of exposure (risk ratio, 3.51 [95% CI, 3.2-3.86]) and studies from North America versus Europe and Asia (4.53 [4.15-4.94]) were associated with significantly increased seropositive rates. Twenty-eight data sets (47%) reported clinical information on a total of 965 seropositive participants. The weighted pooled estimate for subclinical seropositivity was 84.4% (95% CI, 72.9%-991.7%). Studies from F tularensis type A areas (risk ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, .27-.51) and studies from sites where pulmonary tularemia prevailed (0.38 [.28-.51]) reported lower subclinical seropositivity rates than studies from type B areas and from areas of predominance of (ulcero)glandular or oropharyngeal tularemia, respectively. Conclusions Throughout the northern hemisphere, only a small proportion of study participants showed serologic evidence of exposure to F tularensis. Eight of 10 seropositive participants had no historical evidence of past clinical tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Mattatia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp K A Agyeman
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schöbi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Aebi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Risk and Resilience Team, Center for Security Studies (CSS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Duppenthaler
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Büttcher
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Aebi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Sakr CJ, Abou Hassan FF, Fakih L, Bou Hamdan M, Assaf S, Rahme D, Melhem NM. Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Among a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Lebanon. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:48-59. [PMID: 38158826 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231214234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) faced substantial risk of infection during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cross-sectional sample of HCWs as well as risk factors associated with exposure to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS The study was conducted between March and May 2021 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary hospital located in Lebanon. Socio-demographic and clinical data, as well as data on exposure, PCR results, PPE adherence, and vaccination status, were collected using an online questionnaire. Sera were also collected to determine seropositivity using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) targeting the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid proteins (NCP) of SARS-CoV-2. FINDINGS Among 92 recruited HCWs, 72.3% received PPE training, more than 70% were adherent to using appropriate PPEs, and around 80% were vaccinated. Nurses in this study population were at higher risk of exposure compared to medical doctors, technicians, and other HCWs. Among the HCWs who performed a PCR test, 28.6% were infected with SARs-CoV-2 with workplace exposure not associated with COVID-19 infection. All vaccinated HCWs were seropositive for anti-S IgG with high titer (≥384 BAU/mL), with a significantly higher median anti-S IgG titer compared to unvaccinated HCWs with previous infection (384 vs. 140.1 BAU/mL; p = .0043). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of implementing strict infection control policies among HCWs and deploying an effective COVID-19 vaccination strategy. More studies are needed in Lebanon to assess risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine J Sakr
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Farouk F Abou Hassan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut
| | - Lina Fakih
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Mirna Bou Hamdan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut
| | - Sara Assaf
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Diana Rahme
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Nada M Melhem
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut
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Barzgar G, Ahmadpour E, Kohansal MH, Mehrani Moghaddam S, Jafari Koshki T, Barac A, Nissapatorn V, Paul AK, Micić J. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women. J Infect Dev Ctries 2024; 18:60-65. [PMID: 38377086 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite affecting a broad range of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Infection acquired during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus and leading to serious problems such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or severe mental and/or physical handicaps in the child. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection and related risk factors in pregnant woman. METHODOLOGY The study enrolled 1200 serum samples of pregnant women from February-November 2017. Then the samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (Ab) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Out of the 1200 samples, 381 (31.7%) and 41 (3.4%) subjects were positive for IgG and IgM Ab, respectively. Among the evaluated risk factors, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection was not related to the occupation in a significant way. However significant relationship was observed with factors such as; contact with soil, cats, consumption of raw washed vegetables, and washed hands before meals. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, more than two-thirds of pregnant women are susceptible to Toxoplasma infection, hence training health care programs should be provided to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Barzgar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Tohid Jafari Koshki
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aleksandra Barac
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Alok K Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jelena Micić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bejide IO, Kayode TA, Ebagua AE, Obayendo OD, Mere DO, Newman AB, Obi-Odunukwe AM, Fadare AK, Ahmed MI, Adeyemi-Kayode TM, Folarin OA. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in pregnant women from Osun State, Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries 2024; 18:145-151. [PMID: 38377102 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HBV/HIV) co-infection is a global health concern due to its significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Reports of HBV/HIV co-infections are increasing in Nigeria, but information on the disease burden in pregnant women and its implications on the fetus is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. In addition, the study identified the risk factors for the disease in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Osun State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY We collected plasma samples from 303 consenting pregnant women and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for HBV (HBsAg) and HIV I/II antigens. We obtained demographic and risk factor data on HBV and HIV transmission using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a prevalence of 3.96% for HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. Bivariate analysis indicated a history of blood transfusion, oral or anal sex, and multiple sexual partners may be associated with an increased likelihood of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. After adjusting for other variables in multivariate analysis, none of these risk factors were significant at the 5% level. In contrast, formal education was a potential preventive factor in this population. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable information on the disease burden of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women in Osun State, Nigeria, highlighting the importance of routine screening for HBV and HIV during antenatal care and emphasizing the importance of implementing preventive measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HBV/HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoluwa O Bejide
- Viral Hepatitis Research Cluster, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope A Kayode
- Viral Hepatitis Research Cluster, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Angel E Ebagua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Divine O Mere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Abasianam B Newman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ademola K Fadare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad I Ahmed
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Onikepe A Folarin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
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Crivei LA, Vata A, Teodor D, Porea D, Cozma AP, Anita A, Oslobanu LE, Morosan S, Savuta G. An Assessment of West Nile and Usutu Viruses' Seroprevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Preliminary Study on Flavivirus Exposure in Eastern Romania. Pathogens 2024; 13:133. [PMID: 38392871 PMCID: PMC10892458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
WNV and USUV are closely related epornitic flaviviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes which can cause febrile and neurodegenerative disease in humans. The impact of both viruses on public health has increased in the recent decades. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in hospitalized patients from eastern Romania who did not show symptoms corresponding to the case definition. METHODS Human blood samples from the hospitalized patients were collected in 2015 and from April to September 2019 in Iasi County, Romania. The samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgG, IgM, and anti-USUV IgG antibodies. RESULTS A cumulative seroprevalence of 3.4% was recorded for anti-WNV IgG antibodies and 9.1% for anti-WNV IgM. No sample was positive for anti-USUV antibodies. CONCLUSION The cumulative seroprevalence observed provides support for the consideration of WNV as being endemic in the east of Romania. The absence of anti-USUV antibodies may be related to cross-reactivity and cohort size, thus, USUV should be considered in clinical practice and become an objective for active surveillance in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Alexandra Crivei
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrei Vata
- “Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.T.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700490 Iași, Romania
| | - Danut Teodor
- “Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Porea
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Laboratories and Research Stations Department, Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, 820112 Tulcea, Romania
| | - Andreea Paula Cozma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Adriana Anita
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Luanda Elena Oslobanu
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Serban Morosan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, UMS 28, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Savuta
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
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Rusenova N, Rusenov A, Monaco F. A Retrospective Study on the Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus Among Donkeys and Mules in Bulgaria. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38294797 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) infection, caused by a flavivirus, emerged in Europe and America in the past two decades. The etiological agent causes asymptomatic to life-threatening infection in humans and in some animal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV among donkeys and mules in Bulgaria. Methods: A total of 200 archived serum samples were tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were additionally analyzed by virus neutralization assay. Results: Seroprevalence of 7% (14/200) was established among tested animals by ELISA. Two samples were subsequently verified for the presence of virus neutralizing antibodies; thus, the seroprevalence against WNV was determined to be 1% (2/200 [confidence interval = 0.12-3.61]). Positive results among mules included in the study were not found. Conclusion: The findings in the present research demonstrate that donkeys are exposed to WNV infection and seroconvert, which adds to the understanding of virus circulation among donkeys in settlements in north and south Bulgaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Rusenova
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anton Rusenov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Diagnostics and Surveillance of Exotic Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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Dyda A, Broome A, Rawlinson W, Mahimbo A, Saha A, Kefalas B, Seale H, Macintyre CR, Zwar N, Gidding HF, Heywood AE. Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella antibodies among international and domestic university students. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae004. [PMID: 38195239 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-preventable infections are generally well controlled in Australia. However, gaps in immunity can lead to outbreaks and are important to identify. Young adults are a highly mobile population and a potential source of imported infections. We aimed to evaluate anti- measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMR&V) IgG seroprevalence and explore factors relating to antibody seropositivity. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students from a large Australian university to collect demographic, vaccination, infection and travel characteristics. Blood samples were collected to measure MMR&V seroprevalence. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. RESULTS Among 804 university students, seroprevalence (positive or equivocal) for measles was 82.3% (95% CI 79.6-84.8%), mumps 79.5% (95% CI 76.7-82.3%), rubella 91.5% (95% CI 89.6-93.5%) and varicella 86.2% (95% CI 84.1-88.8%), with 452 (56.2%, 95% CI 52.8-59.6) seropositive to all four viruses. Varicella seropositivity was highest in the older birth cohort (born 1988-1991). Measles seropositivity was higher for international students compared to domestic students. Among international students, mumps seroprevalence was significantly lower than measles and rubella seroprevalence. International travel in the previous 12 months was reported by 63.1% of students, but only 18.2% of travellers reported seeking pre-travel health advice prior to most recent international travel. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggests immunity to MMR&V is sub-optimal. We found the university student population to be highly mobile and unlikely to seek pre-travel advice; thus, they are a potential source of infection importation. The implementation of university immunization policies could address the gaps identified and our findings can inform the development of targeted vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Dyda
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Audrey Broome
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Abela Mahimbo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amit Saha
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bill Kefalas
- UNSW Health Service, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C Raina Macintyre
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Zwar
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Heather F Gidding
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anita E Heywood
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Vuković V, Patić A, Ristić M, Kovačević G, Hrnjaković Cvjetković I, Petrović V. Seroepidemiology of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection among the Population of Vojvodina, Serbia, over a 16-Year Period (2008-2023). Viruses 2024; 16:180. [PMID: 38399956 PMCID: PMC10893261 DOI: 10.3390/v16020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the serological status and dynamic changes in the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) antibodies within the general population residing in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina) during a 16-year period. Serum samples were analyzed for Human PVB19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Throughout the study period, the overall seroprevalence was 49.51%. Approximately 10% of patients exhibited a serologic profile positive for PVB19 IgM antibodies. Notably, seroprevalence varied significantly, ranging from 9.12% in the pediatric cohort (ages 1-4 years) to 65.50% in the adult demographic (40-59 years old). Seroprevalence was higher (51.88%) among women compared to men (42.50%). Immunologically naive pregnant women in the age groups 26-36 and 36-45 years had 45% (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-1.00) and 52% (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) lower odds of having negative IgM and IgG compared to those in age group 16-25 years old. Improved knowledge of the epidemiology of PVB19 may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of PVB19 clinical manifestations. The PVB19 detection is particularly important for monitoring individuals in risk groups such as women of reproductive age, medical staff, patients with hematological disorders, and those with immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vuković
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Patić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mioljub Ristić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Kovačević
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetković
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.R.); (G.K.); (I.H.C.); (V.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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48
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Yamayoshi S, Nagai E, Mitamura K, Hagihara M, Kobayashi R, Takahashi S, Shibata A, Uwamino Y, Hasegawa N, Iqbal A, Kamimaki I, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Nagamura-Inoue T, Kawaoka Y. Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 N antibodies between December 2021 and march 2023 in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e24. [PMID: 38258464 PMCID: PMC10894890 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic. The threat of SARS-CoV-2 is subsiding as most people have acquired sufficient antibodies through vaccination and/or infection to prevent severe COVID-19. After the emergence of the omicron variants, the seroprevalence of antibodies against the N protein elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from 44.4% to 80.2% in countries other than Japan. Here, we assessed the seroprevalence in Japan before and after the appearance of omicron variants. Serosurveillance of antibodies against N was conducted between December 2021 and March 2023 in Japan. In total, 7604 and 3354 residual serum or plasma samples were collected in the Tokyo metropolitan area and Sapporo, respectively. We found that the seroprevalence in representative regions of Japan increased approximately 3% to 23% after the emergence of the omicron variants. We also found higher seroprevalence among the young compared with the elderly. Our findings indicate that unlike other countries, most of the Japanese population has not been infected, raising the possibility of future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitamura
- Division of Infection Control, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Hagihara
- Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akimichi Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Uwamino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asef Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics, NHO Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isamu Kamimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, NHO Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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49
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Dhungel BP, Winburn I, Pereira CDF, Huang K, Chhabra A, Rasko JEJ. Understanding AAV vector immunogenicity: from particle to patient. Theranostics 2024; 14:1260-1288. [PMID: 38323309 PMCID: PMC10845199 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds promise for patients with inherited monogenic disorders, cancer, and rare genetic diseases. Naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) offers a well-suited vehicle for clinical gene transfer due to its lack of significant clinical pathogenicity and amenability to be engineered to deliver therapeutic transgenes in a variety of cell types for long-term sustained expression. AAV has been bioengineered to produce recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors for many gene therapies that are approved or in late-stage development. However, ongoing challenges hamper wider use of rAAV vector-mediated therapies. These include immunity against rAAV vectors, limited transgene packaging capacity, sub-optimal tissue transduction, potential risks of insertional mutagenesis and vector shedding. This review focuses on aspects of immunity against rAAV, mediated by anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) arising after natural exposure to AAVs or after rAAV vector administration. We provide an in-depth analysis of factors determining AAV seroprevalence and examine clinical approaches to managing anti-AAV NAbs pre- and post-vector administration. Methodologies used to quantify anti-AAV NAb levels and strategies to overcome pre-existing AAV immunity are also discussed. The broad adoption of rAAV vector-mediated gene therapies will require wider clinical appreciation of their current limitations and further research to mitigate their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay P. Dhungel
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - John E. J. Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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50
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Ji HS, Kang KR, Kang HM, Choi UY, Lee SY, Kang JH. Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus as measured by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen assay and glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay more than 10 years after initiation of a universal vaccination program: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36931. [PMID: 38241578 PMCID: PMC10798776 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Universal varicella vaccination (UVV), as a single dose to children aged 12 to 15 months, was introduced in Korea in 2005. A seroprevalence study is required to upgrade this UVV strategy. The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay is the gold standard for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunity testing. However, no standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed for the FAMA assay, in which either glutaraldehyde or acetone may be used for VZV-infected cell fixation. In this observational study, we aimed to investigate the age-specific seroprevalence in Korean children and adults. Additionally, with glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) as the reference, we evaluated the performance of the FAMA assay using acetone-fixed cells. Four hundred sera were analyzed using the FAMA assay (acetone-fixed cells) and gpELISA, comprising 50 subjects from each age category. In the FAMA assay, the seropositivity rate decreased from 82.0% in the 1 to 4-year-old group to 58.0% in the 5 to 9-year-old group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.2-90.2 and 44.2-70.6, respectively; P = .009), while that in the gpELISA decreased from 80.0% to 52.0% (95% CI: 67.0-88.8 and 38.5-65.2, respectively; P = .003). In both methods, the seropositivity rates ranged from 95% to 100% in the population aged ≥ 20 years. We observed a significant correlation between the 2 methods, with a correlation coefficient of 0.795 (P < .001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis using the gpELISA results as a reference, the area under the curve for the FAMA assay was very high at 0.995 (95% CI: 0.990-1.000; P < .001). Compared to the gpELISA, the sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value of the FAMA assay were 99.4%, 79.3%, and 0.84 (nearly perfect), respectively. The seropositivity rate of the 5 to 9-year-old group indicated waning immunity over time and supported implementation of a second dose in the UVV program. The results of the FAMA assay were comparable to those of the gpELISA. Although further study is needed to standardize procedures, our results suggest that the FAMA assay using acetone-fixed cells can be used widely and can be included in a universal FAMA assay SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Ji
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Yoon Choi
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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