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Lugo-Trampe A, López-Cifuentes D, Mendoza-Pérez P, Tafurt-Cardona Y, Joo-Domínguez ADJ, Rios-Ibarra CP, Espinoza-Ruiz M, Chang-Rueda C, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Delgado-Enciso I, Trujillo-Murillo KDC. Nine-Month Trend of IgG Antibody Persistence and Associated Symptoms Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:948. [PMID: 38727505 PMCID: PMC11083704 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Between 2 and 8.5% of patients who recover from COVID-19 do not develop antibodies, and the durability of IgG antibodies is under scrutiny. Therefore, the presence and persistence of IgM and IgG antibodies were evaluated in a group of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from May to August 2020. Out of 2199 suspected COVID-19 cases, 1264 were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR; 328 consented to participate in the study, with 220 participants followed for 9 months, including 124 men (56%) and 96 women (44%). The primary symptoms were headache, dry cough, and fever. IgG antibodies developed in 95% of patients within 4 weeks post-diagnosis, and a second evaluation at 9 months showed that 72.7% still had detectable IgG antibodies. The presence of IgM in one individual (0.45%) suggested the possibility of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lugo-Trampe
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
- Genodiagnóstica SA de CV, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico
| | - Daniel López-Cifuentes
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Paúl Mendoza-Pérez
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Yaliana Tafurt-Cardona
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Patricia Rios-Ibarra
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Marisol Espinoza-Ruiz
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Chang-Rueda
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar, Colima 28085, Mexico
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Collins A, Collins C. Epidemiology Tools to Evaluate the Control of Proliferative Enteropathy in Commercial Pig Herds. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1357. [PMID: 38731361 PMCID: PMC11083394 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) is characterized by diarrhea and reduced weight gains in growing pigs and intestinal hemorrhage in finishers. Vaccination, antibiotic medication, and improved hygiene can control PE, but their efficacy depends upon the epidemiology of PE. This study monitored the timing and severity of PE in 84 commercial pens across seven treatments, including disinfection, vaccination, no treatment, medication with olaquindox (50, 25 and 12.5 ppm), and combined disinfection and vaccination. Vaccination with or without lime disinfection suppressed clinical signs of PE and reduced the number of excreted L. intracellularis relative to untreated pigs housed in cleaned or cleaned and disinfected pens between 9 and 17 weeks of age. Continuous olaquindox mediation to 17 weeks of age prevented L. intracellularis infection, leaving finisher pigs naïve. These finisher pigs suffered an outbreak of hemorrhagic enteropathy with significant reductions in weight gain, feed intake, and mortalities of 4.6%. Over the 13 week grow/finish period, vaccinated pigs housed in disinfected pens showed significantly higher weight gain and feed intake relative to all other treatments, equating to a weight gain difference of between 3.6 and 3.9 kg per pig. Monitoring the immune response and fecal excretion of L. intracellularis in pens of pigs enabled effective PE control strategies to be evaluated on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Collins
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Cherie Collins
- Rivalea Australia, P.O. Box 78, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia;
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Akiso M, Muema D, Langat R, Naidoo KK, Oino G, Mutua G, Thobakgale C, Ochiel D, Chinyenze K, Anzala O, Mureithi MW. Early antiretroviral therapy and its impact on natural killer cell dynamics in HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional pilot study evaluating the impact of early ART initiation on NK cell perturbation in HIV infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357023. [PMID: 38364104 PMCID: PMC10986508 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03570-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were immediately initiated on ART after HIV-1 diagnosis. Blood samples were drawn pre-infection and at sequential bi-weekly post-infection time points. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with panel NK cells surface markers to assess HIV-induced phenotypic changes by flow cytometry. Some cells were also stimulated overnight with K562 cell line, IL-2, and IL-15 and stained for flow cytometry functionality. HIV-1 infection was associated with significant reductions in the production of IFN-γ (P = 0.0264), expression of CD69 (P = 0.0110), and expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor Siglec7 (P = 0.0418). We observed an increased NK cell degranulation (P = 0.0100) and an upregulated expression of cell exhaustion marker PD-1 (P = 0.0513) at post-infection time points. These changes mainly were restored upon immediate initiation of ART, except for Siglec7 expression, whose reduced expression persisted despite ART. Some HIV-associated changes in NK cells may persist despite the immediate initiation of ART in acute HIV-1 infections. Our findings suggest that understanding NK cell dynamics and their restoration after ART can offer insights into optimizing HIV-1 treatment and potentially slowing disease progression.IMPORTANCENatural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling of HIV-1 replication and progression to disease. Perturbations of their functionality may therefore result in deleterious disease outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced NK cell functionality in chronic HIV-1 infection that positively correlated to HIV-1 viral load. This may suggest that control of HIV-1 viremia in acute HIV-1 infection may aid in enhancing NK cell response boosting the inate immunity hence effective control of viral spread and establishment of viral reservoir. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively supresses HIV-1 viremia to undectable levels and restores CD4+ T cell counts. Our study highlights the significant role of early ART initiation in mitigating NK cell disruptions caused by acute HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that early initiation of ART could have benefits beyond suppressing viral load and restoring CD4+ T cell counts. In addition, it could boost the innate immunity necessary to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrona Akiso
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Muema
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Robert Langat
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kewreshini K. Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Oino
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gaudensia Mutua
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Thobakgale
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ochiel
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Davenport A. Does native vitamin D, or active vitamin D modulate the neutralising antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in haemodialysis patients? Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:251-259. [PMID: 38561893 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241241204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have reported that patients with low levels of Vitamin D3 have impaired responses to vaccination, including COVID-19 vaccines, so we reviewed the response to COVID-19 vaccination in haemodialysis patients, who typically have reduced Vitamin D3 levels. METHODS The inhibitory antibody (IC50) responses to several COVID-19 variants following vaccination in a cohort of United Kingdom haemodialysis patients receiving two vaccinations between March 2021 and May 2021 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 183 haemodialysis patients, 65.5% male, mean age 65.6 ± 14.1 years, 46.4% diabetic, 42.1% white ethnicity, body mass index 26.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2 dialysis vintage 36.2 (18.3-69.3) months were studied. Following the first vaccination, the median IgG microneutralisation IC50 response was undetectable for all variants (wild-type, alpha, beta and delta). Follow-up after the second vaccination showed that the microneutralisation response to all variants increased and was greater for the wild-type variant compared to alpha, beta and delta, all p < 0.001, There were no differences comparing the IC50 responses according to 25-Vitamin D3 levels, and the prescription of activated Vitamin D. Although patients who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 prescribed higher doses of alfacalcidol had higher seroprotection responses to the alpha (χ2 = 15, p = 0.002) and beta variants. (χ2 = 13, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The response to COVID-19 vaccination was reduced in our elderly haemodialysis patients compared to younger less frail patients, however there was no overall demonstrable effect of either 25-Vitamin D3 levels or the prescription of activated forms of Vitamin D on the immune response following vaccination against COVID-19, unless patients had previously tested positive for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Davenport
- UCL Centre for Kidney & Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Pavan TBS, Leony LM, de Souza WV, Santos EF, Tavares Daltro R, Erdens Maron Freitas N, Medrado Vasconcelos LC, Lopes Habib F, Silva AAO, Alejandra Fiorani Celedon P, Dias Sampaio D, Tonin Zanchin NI, Longhi SA, Neves Santos FL. Post-therapeutic cure criterion in chronic Chagas disease using Trypanosoma cruzi chimeric proteins. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2024; 71:2024.004. [PMID: 38526232 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2024.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. Causative treatment can be achieved with two drugs: benznidazole or Nifurtimox. There are some gaps that hinder progress in eradicating the disease. There is no test that can efficiently assess cure control after treatment. Currently, the decline in anti-T. cruzi antibody titres is assessed with conventional serological tests, which can take years. However, the search for new markers of cure must continue to fill this gap. The present study aimed to evaluate the decline in serological titres using chimeric proteins after treatment with benznidazole in chronic patients diagnosed with CD. It was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study between 2000 and 2004 of T. cruzi-positive participants from the Añatuya region (Argentina) treated with benznidazole. Serum samples from ten patients were collected before treatment (day zero) and after the end of treatment (2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months). For the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, an indirect ELISA was performed using two chimeric recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) as antigens. The changes in reactivity index within the groups before and after treatment were evaluated using the Friedman test. All participants experienced a decrease in serological titres after treatment with benznidazole, especially IBMP-8.1. However, due to the small number of samples and the short follow-up period, it is premature to conclude that this molecule serves as a criterion for sustained cure. Further studies are needed to validate tests based on these or other biomarkers to demonstrate parasitological cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maia Leony
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wayner Vieira de Souza
- Department of Public Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ramona Tavares Daltro
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natalia Erdens Maron Freitas
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Lopes Habib
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Angelo Antonio Oliveira Silva
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon
- Molecular Biology of Trypanosomatids Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dias Sampaio
- Department Brazil's Family Health Strategy, Municipal Health Department, Tremedal, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Silvia Andrea Longhi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Chagas Disease, Institute for Research on Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology "Dr Hector Torres", National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Chagas Disease Translational Research Program (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Zahradka I, Tichanek F, Magicova M, Modos I, Viklicky O, Petr V. Morning administration enhances humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00199-0. [PMID: 38460787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid (SARS-CoV-2 mRNA) vaccines are effective in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), their immune response to vaccination is blunted by immunosuppression. Other tools enhancing vaccination response are therefore needed. Interestingly, aligning vaccine administration with circadian rhythms (chronovaccination) has been shown to boost immune response. However, its applicability in KTRs, whose circadian rhythms are likely disrupted by immunosuppressants, remains unclear. To assess the impact of vaccination timing on seroconversion in the KTRs population, we analyzed data from 553 virus-naïve KTRs who received 2 doses of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine. Bayesian logistic regression was employed, adjusting for previously identified predictors of seroconversion, including allograft function, maintenance immunosuppressants, or time since transplantation. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured with a median of 47 days after the second dose. The results did not reveal a reliable effect of timing of the first dose but did indicate that earlier timing for the second dose brings a notable benefit-every 1-hour delay in the application was associated with a 16% reduction in the odds of seroconversion (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 0.998). Similar results were obtained from quantile regression modeling IgG levels. In conclusion, morning vaccination is emerging as a promising and easily implementable strategy to enhance vaccine response in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zahradka
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Data Science, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Magicova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Istvan Modos
- Department of Data Science, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Petr
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Katsiaunis A, Conway J, Lipner SR. No seroconversion in a retrospective study analyzing QuantiFERON TB-gold testing in pediatric psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa patients taking biologic therapy at an academic center in New York City. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38413181 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Guidelines are inconsistent regarding annual QuantiFERON® TB Gold (QFT) tests in children taking biologics for dermatological conditions, and there is limited research on seroconversion, especially in regions with high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence. A retrospective review of pediatric patients taking biologic treatment for psoriasis or hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) who had one baseline and at least one follow-up QFT test was conducted to assess for seroconversion during treatment. Thirty-two patients were included, with no instances of seroconversion. These findings suggest that routine annual TB rescreening for pediatric patients taking biologic therapy for dermatologic conditions may not be necessary without additional TB exposure risks or symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade Conway
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Krieger SC, Sinks S, Huang F, Steverson J, Kalina TJ, White K, Avila RL. The impact of social distancing measures on anti-JC virus serostatus changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in US patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2024:13524585241232274. [PMID: 38406828 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241232274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic offered an epidemiological opportunity to evaluate if isolation and masking affected John Cunningham (JC) virus transmission. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the proportion of natalizumab-treated patients who converted to a positive anti-JCV antibody serostatus before and during the pandemic. METHODS Data from TYSABRI Outreach: Unified Commitment to Health (TOUCH) for 22,375 US patients treated with natalizumab with anti-JCV antibody records were assessed in epochs annually from 2017 to 2022. RESULTS Pre-pandemic anti-JCV antibody serostatus change was observed for 7.4%-7.7%. During the first and second years of the pandemic, 7.3% and 7.2% of patients' serostatus changed, respectively. CONCLUSION The proportion of patients with anti-JCV antibody serostatus change did not significantly differ during the first 2 years of the pandemic compared with prior years. In contrast to seasonal influenza, masking and social distancing had no discernable effect on JCV serostatus change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Krieger
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1138, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Garay E, Whelan SPJ, DuBois RM, O’Rourke SM, Salgado-Escobar AE, Muñoz-Medina JE, Arias CF, López S. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants after immunization with different vaccines in Mexico. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e30. [PMID: 38312015 PMCID: PMC10894899 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in subjects from developing countries with populations having a high incidence of co-morbidities. Here, we analysed the immunogenicity of homologous schemes using the ChAdOx1-S, Sputnik V, or BNT162b2 vaccines and the effect of a booster dose with ChAdOx1-S in middle-aged adults who were seropositive or seronegative to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein before vaccination. The study was conducted post-vaccination with a follow-up of 4 months for antibody titre using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pseudovirus (PV) neutralization assays (PNAs). All three vaccines elicited a superior IgG anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralization response against the Alpha and Delta variants when administered to individuals with a previous infection by SARS-CoV-2. The booster dose spiked the neutralization activity among individuals with and without a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ChAdOx1-S vaccine induced weaker antibody responses in infection-naive subjects. A follow-up of 4 months post-vaccination showed a drop in antibody titre, with about 20% of the infection-naive and 100% of SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposed participants with detectable neutralization capacity against Alpha pseudovirus (Alpha-PV) and Delta PV (Delta-PV). Our observations support the use of different vaccines in a country with high seroprevalence at the vaccination time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garay
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Rebecca M. DuBois
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Sara M. O’Rourke
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Angel Eduardo Salgado-Escobar
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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10
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Szécsényi M, Somogyvári F, Dóczi I. [Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women between 2018 and 2022]. Orv Hetil 2024; 165:177-182. [PMID: 38310519 DOI: 10.1556/650.2024.32967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Bevezetés: A Toxoplasma gondii egy világszerte
előforduló vér- és szöveti parazita. Terjedése történhet kontaminált
ételek/italok fogyasztásával, valamint transzplantációval, transzfúzióval és
transzplacentáris úton is. Ez utóbbi átviteli mód következtében az akut
Toxoplasma-fertőzés kockázatos a toxoplasmosisra fogékony
várandós nőknél a lehetséges magzatkárosodások miatt. A toxoplasmosisra való
fogékonyságnak, ezáltal a magzat védelmének indirekt meghatározására az
antenatalis szerológiai vizsgálat alkalmas, mely során
Toxoplasma-specifikus antitestek szintjét mérjük. E
vizsgálat révén megbízhatóan követhető a várandós szerostátusza: a fogékonyság
(szeronegatív), a korábban lezajlott toxoplasmosis, a latens fertőzés, valamint
az akut, tünetekkel járó/tünetmentes fertőzés diagnosztizálása. Ez utóbbi
megerősítésére/kizárására használjuk az
anti-Toxoplasma-immunglobulin-G-aviditásvizsgálatot.
Célkitűzés: A szegedi és Szeged környéki várandós nők
Toxoplasma-szeroprevalenciájának meghatározása.
Módszer: A 2018 és 2022 közötti adatok retrospektív
legyűjtése a MedBakter informatikai rendszerből, ezt követően a 14 és 50 év
közötti várandós nők adatainak elemzése. Eredmények: Az 5 év
alatt 8609 várandós nő mintáját vizsgáltuk meg, akik közül 7093-nál 1, 1430-nál
2, 83-nál 3, 3-nál pedig 4 terhességet különítettünk el a vizsgált időszakban.
Az elemzésbe bevont várandós nők átlagéletkora 31 év volt. Szerológiai
vizsgálataink során 6834 (79,4%), Toxoplasma-fertőzésre
fogékony (szeronegatív), 1775 (20,6%) szeropozitív: latens vagy korábban
lezajlott (1756), illetve akut (19) fertőzött várandóst diagnosztizáltunk. 4
esetben egy adott terhesség során történt szerokonverzió, vagyis az adott
terhesség első mintájánál még szeronegatív eredményt kaptunk, viszont a
kontrollsavó esetében már anti-Toxoplasma ellenanyagokat
tudtunk kimutatni. Megbeszélés: A szegedi és Szeged környéki
várandósok körében a Toxoplasma-szeroprevalencia 20,6% volt
2018 és 2022 között, ami csökkent érték a 2000-es évben rögzített országos
adatokhoz képest. Következtetés: Figyelembe véve az általunk
diagnosztizált, terhesség során bekövetkező szerokonverziót, a toxoplasmosisra
fogékony várandósok többszöri (legalább kéthavonta történő) szűrése a terhesség
során kifejezetten javasolt, tehát nem elég csak az első trimeszterben felmérni
a szerostátuszt. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(5): 177–182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szécsényi
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
| | - Ferenc Somogyvári
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
| | - Ilona Dóczi
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., 6725 Magyarország
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Sezer Z, Pavel STI, Inal A, Yetiskin H, Kaplan B, Uygut MA, Aslan AF, Bayram A, Mazicioglu M, Kalin Unuvar G, Yuce ZT, Aydin G, Kaya RK, Ates I, Kara A, Ozdarendeli A. Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38400124 PMCID: PMC10893411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time and warrants booster doses. We investigated the long-term (32 weeks) immunogenicity and safety of a third, homologous, open-label booster dose of TURKOVAC, administered 12 weeks after completion of the primary series in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study. Forty-two participants included in the analysis were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (with microneutralization (MNT50) and focus reduction (FRNT50) tests), SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (Spike S1 Receptor Binding Domain), and whole SARS-CoV-2 (with ELISA) IgGs on the day of booster injection and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 thereafter. Antibody titers increased significantly from week 1 and remained higher than the pre-booster titers until at least week 4 (week 8 for whole SARS-CoV-2) (p < 0.05 for all). Seroconversion (titers ≥ 4-fold compared with pre-immune status) persisted 16 weeks (MNT50: 6-fold; FRNT50: 5.4-fold) for NAbs and 32 weeks for S1 RBD (7.9-fold) and whole SARS-CoV-2 (9.4-fold) IgGs. Nine participants (20.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between weeks 8 and 32 of booster vaccination; none of them were hospitalized or died. These findings suggest that boosting with TURKOVAC can provide effective protection against COVID-19 for at least 8 weeks and reduce the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sezer
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Shaikh Terkis Islam Pavel
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Hazel Yetiskin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kaplan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Ali Uygut
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Aslan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Bayram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Mumtaz Mazicioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Kalin Unuvar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ture Yuce
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gunsu Aydin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | | | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06530, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kara
- Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB), Istanbul 34718, Türkiye
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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Kouroupis D, Terzaki M, Moscha N, Sarvani A, Simoulidou E, Chatzimichailidou S, Giza E, Sapouridis G, Angelakis E, Petidis K, Pyrpasopoulou A. Aseptic Meningitis Linked to Borrelia afzelii Seroconversion in Northeastern Greece: An Emerging Infectious Disease Contested in the Region. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:25. [PMID: 38276636 PMCID: PMC10820939 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a zoonosis, mediated to humans and small mammals through specific vectors (ticks), with increasing global incidence. It is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations and can, if not promptly recognized and left untreated, lead to significant disability. In Europe, the main Borrelia species causing disease in humans are Borrelia burgdorferi s.s., Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia spielmanii. The Ixodes ricinus tick is their principal vector. Although Lyme disease is considered endemic in the Balkan region and Turkey, and all three main Lyme pathogens have been detected in ticks collected in these countries, autochthonous Lyme disease remains controversial in Greece. We report a case of aseptic meningitis associated with antibody seroconversion against Borrelia afzelii in a young female patient from the prefecture of Thasos without any relevant travel history. The patient presented with fever and severe headache, and the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Serum analysis was positive for specific IgG antibodies against Borrelia afzelii. In the absence of typical erythema migrans, serological evidence of infection is required for diagnosis. Although atypical in terms of clinical presentation, the seasonality and geographical location of potential disease transmission in the reported patient should raise awareness among clinicians for a still controversial and potentially underreported emerging infectious disease in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Maria Terzaki
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Nikoletta Moscha
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Anastasia Sarvani
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Elisavet Simoulidou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Sofia Chatzimichailidou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Evangelia Giza
- Neurology Department, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Petidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Athina Pyrpasopoulou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (M.T.); (N.M.); (A.S.); (E.S.); (S.C.); (K.P.)
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Cavic G, Almonte AA, Hicks SM, Neeman T, Wang JW, Brew S, Choi PY, Cockburn I, Gardiner EE, Yip D, Fahrer AM, Kanjanapan Y. Response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients on cancer therapy: Analysis in a SARS-CoV-2-naïve population. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38221764 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients have increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, but may respond poorly to vaccination. The Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy and Rare Events in Solid Tumors (EVEREST) study, comparing seropositivity between cancer patients and healthy controls in a low SARS-CoV-2 community-transmission setting, allows determination of vaccine response with minimal interference from infection. METHODS Solid tumor patients from The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia, and healthy controls who received COVID-19 vaccination between March 2021 and January 2022 were included. Blood samples were collected at baseline, pre-second vaccine dose and at 1, 3 (primary endpoint), and 6 months post-second dose. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike-RBD (S-RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies were measured. RESULTS Ninety-six solid tumor patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled, with median age 62 years, and 60% were female. Participants received either AZD1222 (65%) or BNT162b2 (35%) COVID-19 vaccines. Seropositivity 3 months post vaccination was 87% (76/87) in patients and 100% (20/20) in controls (p = .12). Seropositivity was observed in 84% of patients on chemotherapy, 80% on immunotherapy, and 96% on targeted therapy (differences not satistically significant). Seropositivity in cancer patients increased from 40% (6/15) after first dose, to 95% (35/37) 1 month after second dose, then dropped to 87% (76/87) 3 months after second dose. CONCLUSION Most patients and all controls became seropositive after two vaccine doses. Antibody concentrations and seropositivity showed a decrease between 1 and 3 months post vaccination, highlighting need for booster vaccinations. SARS-CoV-2 infection amplifies S-RBD antibody responses; however, cannot be adequately identified using nucleocapsid serology. This underlines the value of our COVID-naïve population in studying vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cavic
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew A Almonte
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sarah M Hicks
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Biological Data Science Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jo-Wai Wang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sue Brew
- Medical Oncology Clinical Trials Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip Y Choi
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ian Cockburn
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Haematology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Aude M Fahrer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yada Kanjanapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Torres-Bustamante M, Cantillo-Barraza O, Ko AI, Wunder EA, Quintero-Vélez JC. Eco-epidemiological study of seropositivity against Rickettsia and Leptospira agents in rural areas of Urabá, Colombia. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3760267. [PMID: 38260656 PMCID: PMC10802693 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3760267/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rickettsioses and leptospirosis are infectious diseases that are often underdiagnosed due to a lack of knowledge about their epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, among others. Objetive to characterize the seroprevalence and seroincidence of both Rickettsia and Leptospira agents and determine the risk factors for these outcomes in rural areas of Urabá, Antioquia. Methods a secondary data analysis using information on Rickettsia and Leptospira exposure from a prior prospective study that explored sociocultural and ecological aspects of Rickettsia infection in rural Urabá, Colombia. A multinomial mixed logistic regression model was employed to analyze factors linked to seroprevalent cases of Rickettsia, Leptospira and both, along with descriptive analyses of seroincident cases. Results the concomitant seroprevalence against Rickettsiaand Leptospira was 9.38% [95%CI 6.08%-13.37%] (56/597). The factors associated with this seroprevalence were age (ORa= 1.02 [95%CI 1.007-1.03]), male gender (ORa= 3.06 [95%CI 1.75-5.37]), fever history (ORa= 1.71 [95%CI 1.06-2.77]) the presence of breeding pigs (ORa= 2.29 [95%CI 1.36-3.88]), peridomicile yucca crops(ORa= 2.5 [95%CI 1.1-5.62]), and deforestation practices(ORa= 1.74 [95%CI 1.06-2.87]). The concomitant seroincidence against Rickettsia and Leptospira was 1.09% (3/274) [95%CI 0.29%-4.05%], three cases were female, with a median age of 31.83 years-old (IQR 8.69-56.99). At the household level, all the seroincident cases had households built partially or totally with soil floors, wooden walls, and zinc roofs. Two seroincident cases described the presence of equines, canines, and domestic chickens in intra or peri-domicile. Finally, two cases were exposed to synanthropic rodents, and one case to tick infestation. Conclusion there is evidence of seroprevalent and seroincident cases of seropositivity against both Rickettsia and Leptospira in rural areas of Urabá, Colombia. These findings can help improve public health surveillance systems in preventing, detecting, and attending to the different clinical cases caused by these pathogens.
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Kardena IM, Adi AAAM, Astawa INM, Oka IBM, Sahibzada S, Bruce M, O’Dea M. Seroconversion, genotyping, and potential mosquito vector identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in pig sentinel settings in Bali, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:89-98. [PMID: 38406355 PMCID: PMC10884589 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.89-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Despite the endemicity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans and animals in the Province of Bali, Indonesia, there is little data on whether seroconversion to the virus occurs in pigs, JEV genotypes circulating, and it's potential mosquito vectors in the area. The aims of this study were to (i) Determine whether JEV infection in Balinese pigs occurs before reaching their sexual maturity, (ii) identify the genotypes of circulating JEV, and (iii) identify potential JEV mosquito vectors at the study sites in urban and peri-urban areas of Bali. Materials and Methods Sixteen 1-week-old Landrace piglets from two different sows were housed in Denpasar. Similarly, 18 one-week-old mixed-breed piglets of two different sows were housed in Badung Regency. The piglets were bled every 1 to 4 weeks for up to 24 weeks. Serum samples from the 11 piglets were tested for antibodies against JEV, and seroconversion-suspected sera were titrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood of seroconverted sera from pigs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genetic sequence of JEV. The mosquitoes in the sentinels were trapped throughout the study period to identify the potential mosquito vectors of JEV. Results Antibodies were detected in most of the selected piglets' sera from weeks 1 to 24 of their age. However, sera of pig B9 collected from the sentinel setting in Badung Regency showed a four-fold increase in antibody titer from week 4 to week 8, indicating seroconversion. PCR testing of blood from B9 (pooled blood sample collected from week 5 to week 8) identified JEV nucleic acids, which were phylogenetically classified as belonging to the JEV genotype III. Meanwhile, 1271 of two genera of mosquitoes, Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. were trapped in the pig sentinels. Conclusion JEV seroconversion likely occurs before the pig reaches sexual maturity in Badung Regency. Sequence data indicate that JEV genotype III is circulating in the pig sentinel setting in the regency; however, circulating genotypes need to be clarified through increased surveillance. Meanwhile, Culex spp. and most likely Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles spp. were the dominant mosquitoes present in the study sites set in the urban area of Denpasar and peri-urban areas of Badung, Bali, indicating that these are likely vectors in spread of JEV in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Kardena
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Made Oka
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Mark O’Dea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Dwyer C, Sharmin S, Kalincik T. Rates of John Cunningham virus seroconversion greatly reduced in natalizumab-treated patients during COVID-19-related lockdowns. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16059. [PMID: 37707348 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was undertaken to retrospectively compare rates of John Cunningham virus (JCV) seroconversion in natalizumab-treated patients before and during COVID-19-related community restrictions. Natalizumab is highly effective therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Prolonged exposure to natalizumab in JCV-positive patients can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a potentially fatal brain infection. Serial assessment of JCV status is required for patients receiving natalizumab. METHODS Patients receiving natalizumab at the Royal Melbourne Hospital were assessed for change in JCV serostatus and duration of exposure to natalizumab in two discrete time periods: from 1 February 2012 until 1 February 2017 ("pre-COVID"; n = 128) and from 1 April 2020 until 12 October 2022 ("COVID"; n = 214). A Poisson regression model adjusted for age at natalizumab commencement and sex was used to model seroconversion rate between the two time periods. RESULTS The pre-COVID JCV seroconversion rate among natalizumab-treated patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital was 9.08%. Conversely, we found a precipitous decline in JCV seroconversion during COVID lockdown. Annualized seroconversion during COVID-19-related restrictions was 2.01%. The annualized seroconversion rate was 4.7 times higher during the pre-COVID-19 period (95% confidence interval = 2.96-7.45, p < 0.0001) compared to the annualized seroconversion rate during COVID lockdown. Males had a 2× higher rate of seroconversion compared to females. CONCLUSIONS JCV seroconversion among natalizumab-treated patients was markedly lower during COVID-19-related community restrictions. Restrictions observed in Melbourne were among the longest and most comprehensive implemented worldwide. This suggests the presence of modifiable risk factors that could lower rates of JCV seroconversion among natalizumab-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Dwyer
- Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sifat Sharmin
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Yoshida Y, Ito A, Eto H, Suzuki A, Abe T, Endo K, Kakisaka K, Oikawa T, Kuroda H, Miyasaka A, Matsumoto T, Takahashi M, Okamoto H. Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in the general population of Iwate prefecture, Japan: A retrospective cohort study. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:24-31. [PMID: 37635642 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes subclinical or acute self-limiting hepatitis. We surveyed the current seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection among the general population in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, where the endemic infection is presumed to be low. METHODS Between 2014 and 2016, we recruited individuals from Iwate Prefecture, Japan, who visited a general medical work-up program. Serum anti-HEV antibody and HEV RNA were measured twice, with an interval of 2 years. Anti-HEV antibody was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HEV RNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Study participants comprised 1284 Japanese (650 men and 634 women) with age ranging 20-89 years. A total of 90 participants were found to be positive for anti-HEV immunoglobulin G on the first visit, with a prevalence of 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6%-8.4%). Seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (10.1% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001), and in those aged in their 50s-80s than in those aged in their 20s-40s (p = 0.006). Positive seroconversion indicating new HEV infection was found in seven of 1194 seronegative participants (0.59%; 95% CI 0.15%-1.0%), indicating the incidence of HEV infection to be 272 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 109-561). CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that the incidence of HEV infection is high and that it is a leading cause of hepatitis virus infection in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Asami Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Eto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Tamami Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kakisaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Akio Miyasaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Atekem K, Harding-Esch EM, Martin DL, Downs P, Palmer SL, Kaboré A, Kelly M, Bovary A, Sarr A, Nguessan K, James F, Gwyn S, Wickens K, Bakhtiari A, Boyd S, Aba A, Senyonjo L, Courtright P, Meite A. High prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular with no trachomatous trichiasis: can alternative indicators explain the epidemiology of trachoma in Côte d'Ivoire? Int Health 2023; 15:ii3-ii11. [PMID: 38048384 PMCID: PMC10695457 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baseline trachoma surveys in Côte d'Ivoire (2019) identified seven evaluation units (EUs) with a trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence ≥10%, but a trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence in individuals ≥15 y of age below the elimination threshold (0.2%). Two of these EUs, Bondoukou 1 and Bangolo 2, were selected for a follow-up survey to understand the epidemiology of trachoma using additional indicators of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (DNA from conjunctival swabs) and exposure (anti-Pgp3 and Ct694 antibodies from dried blood spots [DBSs]). A two-stage cluster sampling methodology was used to select villages and households. All individuals 1-9 y of age from each selected household were recruited, graded for trachoma and had a conjunctival swab and DBS collected. Conjunctival swabs and DBSs were tested using Cepheid GeneXpert and a multiplex bead assay, respectively. The age-adjusted TF and infection prevalence in 1- to 9-year-olds was <1% and <0.3% in both EUs. Age-adjusted seroprevalence was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 15.6) in Bondoukou 1 and 8.2% (95% CI 4.3 to 13.7) in Bangolo 2. The seroconversion rate for Pgp3 was low, at 1.23 seroconversions/100 children/year (95% CI 0.78 to 1.75) in Bondoukou 1 and 1.91 (95% CI 1.58 to 2.24) in Bangolo 2. Similar results were seen for CT694. These infection, antibody and clinical data provide strong evidence that trachoma is not a public health problem in either EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen Atekem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,USA
- Sightsavers
| | | | - Diana L Martin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Gwyn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - Karana Wickens
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - Ana Bakhtiari
- International Trachoma Initiative, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA,USA
| | - Sarah Boyd
- International Trachoma Initiative, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA,USA
| | | | | | - Paul Courtright
- Sightsavers
- Kilimanajaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Marangoni D, Manciulli T, Barbiero A, Mantella A, Spinicci M, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L. Seroconversion following empiric praziquantel treatment as confirmatory diagnostic tool for chronic schistosomiasis. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad091. [PMID: 37418150 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on six patients with suspected chronic schistosomiasis and negative microbiological findings at baseline. All patients were treated empirically with praziquantel and all seroconverted 20 days to two months after treatment. We suggest that seroconversion after praziquantel treatment may be used as a confirmatory diagnostic tool for chronic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manciulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Anna Barbiero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Antonia Mantella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Michele Spinicci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
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Nicholls EJ, Policek N, Volny-Anne A, Spire B, Burns F, Ruiz-Burga E, Tariq S. A systematic review of qualitative research on recently acquired HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:2199-2212. [PMID: 37650757 PMCID: PMC10621639 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently acquired HIV is a critical time when people may experience debilitating symptoms and is when they are most likely to pass HIV on. Qualitative research offers insights into lived experiences and a deeper understanding of the contextual factors underlying HIV acquisition. We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on recently acquired HIV. DESIGN Systematic review and textual narrative synthesis. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Sociology Database. Articles were screened, and two authors completed full text review and data extraction. Quality appraisal was conducted (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist) and certainty of findings graded (GRADE-CERQual). RESULTS We reviewed 1890 articles (1554 following de-duplication), excluding 1539. Fifteen articles were included and an additional article was included after updating the search. We identified 15 themes, three of which we have high confidence in: recent acquisition of HIV facilitates understanding of circumstances of HIV acquisition; indeterminate HIV tests generate uncertainty and anxiety; and people with recently acquired HIV are motivated to reduce risk of onward transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of continued research into recently acquired HIV, as well as the need for support to manage the emotional impact of indeterminate test results and negotiate risk reduction. We found no studies exploring sexual risk in the context of recently acquired HIV, or use of pre-exposure prophylaxis or treatment as prevention. The literature is primarily focused on HIV acquisition from an individual and behavioural perspective, neglecting important aspects of lived experience such as immediate ART, stigma, and health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Spire
- Aix Marseille Univ., Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Fiona Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | | | - Shema Tariq
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Gutierrez A, Alonso A, Garcia-Recio M, Perez S, Garcia-Maño L, Martinez-Serra J, Ros T, Garcia-Gasalla M, Ferrer J, Vögler O, Alemany R, Salar A, Sampol A, Bento L. Analysis of vaccine responses after anti-CD20 maintenance in B-cell lymphoma in the Balearic Islands. A single reference center experience. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267485. [PMID: 38022668 PMCID: PMC10646481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of maintenance approaches with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies has improved the outcomes of B-cell indolent lymphomas but may lead to significant peripheral B-cell depletion. This depletion can potentially hinder the serological response to neoantigens. Methods Our objective was to analyze the effect of anti-CD20 maintenance therapy in a reliable model of response to neoantigens: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses and the incidence/severity ofCOVID-19 in a reference hospital. Results In our series (n=118), the rate of vaccination failures was 31%. Through ROC curve analysis, we determined a cutoff for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine serologic response at 24 months from the last anti-CD20 dose. The risk of severe COVID-19 was notably higher within the first 24months following the last anti-CD20 dose (52%) compared to after this period (just 18%) (p=0.007). In our survival analysis, neither vaccine response nor hypogammaglobulinemia significantly affected OS. While COVID-19 led to a modest mortality rate of 2.5%, this figure was comparable to the OS reported in the general immunocompetent population. However, most patients with hypogammaglobulinemia received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and all were vaccinated. In conclusion, anti-CD20 maintenance therapy impairs serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Discussion We report for the first time that patients during maintenance therapy and up to 24 months after the last anti-CD20 dose are at a higher risk of vaccine failure and more severe cases of COVID-19. Nevertheless, with close monitoring, intravenous immunoglobulin supplementation or proper vaccination, the impact on survival due to the lack of serological response in this high-risk population can be mitigated, allowing for the benefits of anti-CD20 maintenance therapy, even in the presence of hypogammaglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gutierrez
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Aser Alonso
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia-Recio
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Sandra Perez
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Lucia Garcia-Maño
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Martinez-Serra
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Teresa Ros
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gasalla
- Service of Internal Medicine and Infecious Diseases, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Joana Ferrer
- Service of Immunology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Oliver Vögler
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Regina Alemany
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Salar
- Service of Hematology , Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Sampol
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Leyre Bento
- Service of Hematology, University Hospital Son Espases/Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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22
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Kugler S, Vári DK, Veres DS, Király Á, Teszák T, Parázs N, Tarjányi Z, Drobni Z, Szakál‐Tóth Z, Prinz G, Miheller P, Merkely B, Sax B. Seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is protective against severe COVID-19 disease in heart transplant recipients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1086. [PMID: 38018598 PMCID: PMC10652352 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplant (HTX) recipients are prone to develop complications after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Vaccination is often ineffective due to weaker immunogenicity. In this high-volume single-center study, we aimed to determine factors influencing seroconversion after vaccination and predictors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Two hundred twenty-nine HTX recipients were enrolled. Type of the first two vaccine doses included messenger RNA (mRNA), vector, and inactivated vaccines. We carried out analyses on seroconversion after the second and third doses of vaccination and on severity of infection. Antispike protein SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured after the second and third vaccines and serostatus was defined. Effect of the first two vaccine doses was studied on patients who did not suffer SARS-CoV-2 infection before antibody measurement (n = 175). The effectivity of the third vaccine was evaluated among seronegative recipients after the second vaccine (n = 53). Predictors for severe infection defined as pneumonia, hospitalization or death were assessed in all patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 92). RESULTS 62% of the recipients became seropositive after the second vaccination. Longer time between HTX and vaccination (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35) and mRNA vaccine (OR: 4.83) were predictors of seroconversion. 58% of the nonresponsive patients became seropositive after receiving the third vaccine. Male sex increased the chance of IgG production after the third dose (OR: 5.65). Clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection was severe in 32%. Of all parameters assessed, only seropositivity before infection was proven to have a protective effect against severe infection (OR: 0.11). CONCLUSIONS We found that longer time since HTX, mRNA vaccine type, and male sex promoted seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HTX recipients. Seropositivity-but not the number of vaccine doses-seemed to be protective against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Screening of HTX patients for anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies may help to identify patients at risk for severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kugler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Dániel Sándor Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Ákos Király
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Tímea Teszák
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Nóra Parázs
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Tarjányi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Drobni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Szakál‐Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gyula Prinz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Pál Miheller
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Sax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
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23
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Laine HK, Waterboer T, Syrjänen K, Grenman S, Louvanto K, Syrjänen S. IgG Seroreactivites to Viral Capsid Protein VP1 of JC and BK Polyomaviruses in Children at Early Ages with Special Reference to Parental Cofactors. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1645. [PMID: 37892308 PMCID: PMC10604957 DOI: 10.3390/children10101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV) polyomaviruses are widespread in humans. Transmission at an early age and the role of parents in spreading these viruses through the family are incompletely understood. Our aim was to determine the seroprevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV in infants at the age of 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and to assess the frequency of BKPyV and JCPyV seroconversion. A variety of maternal and paternal covariates were also tested as potential predictors of these early childhood infections. We used multiplex serology to analyze antibodies to BKPyV and JCPyV from baseline to 3-year follow-up visits. We observed that there was nearly perfect correlation in BKPyV and JCPyV serum IgG antibody levels between the mother-infant pairs during the first year of the infant's life. No correlation among BKPyV antibody titers were found in father-child pairs, whereas JCPyV antibody levels of the father and child had a significant correlation at the 2-year follow-up visit. BKPyV infection may be associated with a child's predisposition to allergy. In conclusion, after the decay of maternal antibodies, children start to develop their own immunity toward BKPyV and JCPyV, and horizontal transmission of infection in the family can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Laine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | | | - Seija Grenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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24
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Hall VG, Saunders NR, Klimevski E, Tennakoon GS, Khot A, Harrison S, Worth LJ, Yong MK, Slavin MA, Teh BW. High Rates of Seroprotection and Seroconversion to Vaccine-Preventable Infections in the Early Post-Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Period. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad497. [PMID: 37869409 PMCID: PMC10588611 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients early post-autologous stem cell transplant, seroprotection rates were high for Hemophilus influenzae type B and tetanus toxoid (70%-90%) but lower for Streptococcus pneumoniae (30%-50%) including after revaccination. There were high rates of seropositivity (67%-86%) to measles, mumps, and rubella and varicella zoster virus. Durability of protection requires assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Hall
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie R Saunders
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Klimevski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gayani S Tennakoon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Harrison
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leon J Worth
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle K Yong
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Yadav B, Prasad N, Kushwaha RS, Patel MR, Bhadauria D, Kaul A. Higher pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ are associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific seroconversion in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14133. [PMID: 37605477 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance immunosuppressive regimens are speculated to hamper immunogenic response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) compared to the healthy population. Healthy people with SARS-CoV-2 infection often develop neutralizing antibodies and secret copious quantities of cytokines, leading to virus clearance and sometimes more severe immune-related complications. METHODS RTRs, either acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (infection group, n = 132) or were vaccinated with two vaccine doses (vaccination group, n = 78) against SARS-CoV-2, were recruited in the study. Thirty-five unvaccinated RTRs, without anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies, were also included as control. Cytokines interleukine-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TGF-β, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG-titer was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay methods. RESULTS The seroconversion rate in the infection group was 115/132 (87.12%), with a median antibody titer 706.40 au/mL (IQR, 215.45-1844.42), and in the vaccination group was 63/78 (80.76%) with antibody titer 1454.20 au/mL (IQR, 80.52-3838.75). The IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in both the infection and vaccination group compared to healthy control. In the infection group, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (55.41 ± 24.30 vs. 31.64 ± 16.98 pg/mL, p < .001) and IFN-γ (91.21 ± 33.09 vs. 61.69 ± 33.28 pg/mL, p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group as compared to non-seroconverter. Similarly, in the vaccination group, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (50.31 ± 25.67 vs. 30.00 ± 11.19 pg/mL; p = .002) and IFN-γ (65.70 ± 39.78 vs. 32.14 ± 17.48 pg/mL; p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group compared to non-seroconverter. In contrast, TGF-β (820.96 ± 415.78 vs. 1045.57 ± 204.66; p = .046) was higher in non-seroconverter. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly associated with seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in RTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Kushwaha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupma Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Kalogianni AI, Bouzalas I, Bossis I, Gelasakis AI. A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Risk Factors Associated with Small Ruminant Lentivirus Seropositivity in Intensively Reared Dairy Ewes in Greece. Pathogens 2023; 12:1200. [PMID: 37887716 PMCID: PMC10609844 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-year longitudinal cohort study was conducted on a total of 407 purebred Chios and Lacaune ewes from four intensive dairy sheep farms to assess potential risk factors for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) seropositivity. Ewes were serologically tested semiannually at pre-mating and pre-lambing, and their age, breed, and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. Εwes were categorized as constantly seronegative, constantly seropositive, seroconverted, seroreverted, or animals with an intermittent presence of antibodies. Mixed binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted relative risks of the studied risk factors for (i) the individual ewes' seropositivity, (ii) the manifestation of specific serological patterns, and (iii) the occurrence of seroconversion and seroreversion incidents. Increased age was associated with seropositivity and constantly seropositive status (p < 0.001 in both cases). On the other hand, age was negatively associated with constantly seronegative pattern, seroconversion incident, and the intermittent presence of antibodies (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, breed was recognized as a risk factor: Lacaune ewes demonstrated increased seropositivity, whereas Chios ewes were more likely to demonstrate an intermittent presence of antibodies (p < 0.01 in both cases). Seropositive status (p < 0.001), seropositivity in animals with an intermittent presence of antibodies (p = 0.001), and seroconversion incidents (p < 0.001) were significantly increased at pre-lambing compared to pre-mating. The risk factors recognized in our study contribute to a better understanding of SRLVs epidemiology and the evidence-based designation of SRLVs' control programs in intensive dairy sheep farms in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite I Kalogianni
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Bouzalas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Johnston JM, McMahon B, Simons BC, Homan C. Comparison of HBV DNA and RNA markers in Alaska Native people who did and did not clear hepatitis B surface antigen. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:727-730. [PMID: 37345810 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In a comparison between 50 Alaska Native persons with chronic hepatitis B who cleared HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and 50 Alaska Native age-, sex-, and HBV genotype-matched controls, we found differences in changes in HBV DNA and HBV RNA levels over time but no difference in hepatitis B core-related antigen. These findings suggest that serial HBV DNA and HBV RNA may be associated with HBV functional cure defined by HBsAg clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Johnston
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Brian McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Brenna C Simons
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Chriss Homan
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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Vollenberg R, Lorentzen EU, Kühn J, Nowacki TM, Meier JA, Trebicka J, Tepasse PR. Humoral Immunity in Immunosuppressed IBD Patients after the Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Comparison with Healthy Control Subjects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1411. [PMID: 37766088 PMCID: PMC10536352 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for preventing severe illness and controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to examine how immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) responded to the third mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The patients were undergoing treatments such as anti-TNF (infliximab, adalimumab), anti-α4ß7 integrin (vedolizumab), anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab) and azathioprine (purine analog). Their responses were compared to those of healthy individuals. METHODS In this prospective study, 81 IBD patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled 2-4 months after receiving the third mRNA vaccination. This study measured IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's receptor binding domain (RBD) and assessed potential neutralization capacity using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). RESULTS Overall, immunosuppressed IBD patients (without SARS-CoV-2 infection) exhibited significantly lower levels of anti-S-IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and binding inhibition in the sVNT after the third vaccination compared to healthy controls. Patients under anti-TNF therapy showed notably reduced anti-S-IgG levels after the booster vaccination, in contrast to those receiving ustekinumab and azathioprine (p = 0.030, p = 0.031). IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy demonstrated significantly increased anti-S-IgG levels following prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION Even after the third vaccination, immunosuppressed IBD patients exhibited diminished humoral immunity compared to healthy controls, especially those on anti-TNF therapy. Cases of penetrating infections led to considerably higher antibody levels in IBD patients under anti-TNF therapy compared to uninfected patients. Further investigation through prospective studies in immunosuppressed IBD patients is needed to determine whether this effectively safeguards against future infections or severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.T.); (P.-R.T.)
| | - Eva Ulla Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (J.K.)
| | - Joachim Kühn
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (J.K.)
| | - Tobias Max Nowacki
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Marienhospital Steinfurt, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Jörn Arne Meier
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.T.); (P.-R.T.)
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.T.); (P.-R.T.)
| | - Phil-Robin Tepasse
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.T.); (P.-R.T.)
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Laurent C, Yaya I, Cuer B, Sagaon-Teyssier L, Mensah E, Dah TTE, Coulibaly A, Kouamé MJB, Peytavin G, Serrano L, Eubanks A, Traoré I, Diallo F, Riegel L, Rojas Castro D, Dagnra CA, Anoma C, Vuylsteke B, Dembélé Keita B, Spire B. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Use Event-Driven or Daily Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (CohMSM-PrEP): A Multi-Country Demonstration Study From West Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:606-614. [PMID: 37052469 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion among men who have sex with men (MSM) using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in West Africa are needed. This study aimed to document HIV seroconversion and associated determinants, PrEP adherence, plasma drug concentrations, and HIV drug resistance in MSM using event-driven or daily PrEP in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Togo. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in 2017-2021 among HIV-seronegative MSM aged 18 or over who were at high risk of HIV infection. Participants could choose between event-driven and daily PrEP, switch regimens, and discontinue or restart PrEP. The determinants of HIV incidence were investigated using a multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 647 participants were followed for a total time of 1229.3 person-years. Of 5371 visits, event-driven PrEP was chosen in 3873 (72.1%), and daily PrEP in 1400 (26.1%). HIV incidence was 2.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.6) for event-driven PrEP, and 0.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI .1-2.3) for daily PrEP (adjusted incidence rate ratio 4.40, 95% CI 1.00-19.36, P = .050). Adequate adherence was lower with event-driven than daily PrEP (44.3% vs 74.9%, P < .001). Plasma drug concentrations were undetectable in 92 (97.9%) of the 94 measures taken for 23 participants who seroconverted. Only 1 participant had resistance to PrEP drugs. CONCLUSIONS HIV seroconversions mainly occurred in participants who chose event-driven PrEP. The study's data highlighted major difficulties with adherence to this regimen. Improving adherence to event-driven PrEP constitutes a major research and public health priority in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issifou Yaya
- TransVIHMI, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Cuer
- TransVIHMI, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Sagaon-Teyssier
- Inserm, IRD, Aix-Marseille Univ, SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale), ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ter Tiero Elias Dah
- Association African Solidarité, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Université de Ouahigouya, UFR Sciences de la santé, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Gilles Peytavin
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and Université Paris Cité, Inserm-UMR 1137, IAME, Paris, France
| | | | - August Eubanks
- Inserm, IRD, Aix-Marseille Univ, SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale), ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Issa Traoré
- Association African Solidarité, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Lucas Riegel
- Laboratoire de Recherche Communautaire, Coalition PLUS, Pantin, France
| | | | | | | | - Bea Vuylsteke
- Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Bruno Spire
- Inserm, IRD, Aix-Marseille Univ, SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale), ISSPAM, Marseille, France
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Zinszer K, Charland K, Pierce L, Saucier A, Hamelin M, Da Torre MB, Carbonneau J, Nguyen CT, De Serres G, Papenburg J, Boivin G, Quach C. Infection-induced seroconversion and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among a cohort of children and youth in Montreal, Canada. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13186. [PMID: 37638094 PMCID: PMC10457549 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The EnCORE study is a prospective serology study of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of children from Montreal, Canada. Based on data from our fourth round of data collection (May-October 2022), we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion. Using multivariable regression, we identified factors associated with seroconversion. Our results show that previously seronegative children were approximately 9-12 times more likely to seroconvert during the early Omicron-dominant period compared to pre-Omicron rounds. Unlike the pre-Omicron rounds, the adjusted rate of seroconversion among 2- to 4-year-olds was higher than older age groups. As seen previously, higher seroconversion rates were associated with ethnic/racial minority status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Zinszer
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Centre for Public Health ResearchMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | - Laura Pierce
- Centre for Public Health ResearchMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Adrien Saucier
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Centre for Public Health ResearchMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | - Margot Barbosa Da Torre
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Centre for Public Health ResearchMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Julie Carbonneau
- Research Centre of Quebec‐Université LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Cat Tuong Nguyen
- Ministère de la santé et des services sociauxQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- National Institute of Public Health of QuebecQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Centre of Quebec‐Université LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Caroline Quach
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Research Centre of the Sainte‐Justine University HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
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Griffin DW, Pai Mangalore R, Hoy JF, McMahon JH. Immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:1345-1360. [PMID: 37070539 PMCID: PMC10328433 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with HIV (PWH) experience a greater risk of morbidity and mortality following COVID-19 infection, and poorer immunological responses to several vaccines. We explored existing evidence regarding the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PWH compared with controls. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from January 2020 until June 2022, in addition to conference databases, to identify studies comparing clinical, immunogenicity, and safety in PWH and controls. We compared results between those with low (<350 cells/μl) and high (>350 cells/μl) CD4 + T-cell counts where possible. We performed a meta-analysis of seroconversion and neutralization responses to calculate a pooled risk ratio as the measure of effect. RESULTS We identified 30 studies, including four reporting clinical effectiveness, 27 immunogenicity, and 12 reporting safety outcomes. PWH were 3% [risk ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95-0.99] less likely to seroconvert and 5% less likely to demonstrate neutralization responses (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) following a primary vaccine schedule. Having a CD4 + T-cell count less than 350 cells/μl (risk ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99) compared with a CD4 + T-cell count more than 350 cells/μl, and receipt of a non-mRNA vaccine in PWH compared with controls (risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) were associated with reduced seroconversion. Two studies reported worse clinical outcomes in PWH. CONCLUSION Although vaccines appear well tolerated in PWH, this group experience poorer immunological responses following vaccination than controls, particularly with non-mRNA vaccines and low CD4 + T-cell counts. PWH should be prioritized for mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, especially PWH with more advanced immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W.J. Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rekha Pai Mangalore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer F. Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kalogianni AI, Bouzalas I, Bossis I, Gelasakis AI. Seroepidemiology of Maedi-Visna in Intensively Reared Dairy Sheep: A Two-Year Prospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2273. [PMID: 37508051 PMCID: PMC10375974 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to prospectively evaluate the seroepidemiology of maedi-visna (MV) infections in intensively reared dairy sheep. A total of 407 purebred Chios and Lacaune ewes from four farms were surveyed for two consecutive years and were serologically tested semiannually with an indirect ELISA at pre-mating and pre-lambing. The farms' structure and management practices were similar and animal traits (age, breed, and production stage) were recorded. Based on the serological status, morbidity frequency measures were estimated, and ewes were categorized as constantly seronegative, constantly seropositive, seroconverted, seroreverted, or as animals with an intermittent presence of antibodies. During the study, period seroprevalence, incidence rate, and cumulative incidence were 84.8%, 33.6 new cases per 100 sheep-semesters, and 64.2%. Point-seroprevalence ranged from 48.5% to 96.0% among the studied farms and sampling occasions, and they increased by age. Increased morbidity frequency measures indicate the significance of horizontal transmission in intensive dairy sheep farms. A remarkable percentage of infected animals seroreverted (8.1%) or presented an intermittent presence of antibodies (10.3%) during the study, confirming the risk of misdiagnosis in cross-sectional studies and in the currently implemented testing and elimination programs. The serological patterns observed in our study need to be considered when studying MV epidemiology and for the designing of efficient MV elimination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite I Kalogianni
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Bouzalas
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, University Campus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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von Moos S, Rho E, Dammann M, Kokkonen SM, Mueller TF, Schachtner T. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid Identifies Kidney Transplant Recipients Responsive to Two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Doses. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11286. [PMID: 37448450 PMCID: PMC10336200 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune-responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is reduced in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Previous reports point to a role of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Our observational cohort study included all KTRs at University Hospital Zurich receiving two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine doses more than 6 months post-transplantation, who were assessed by measuring anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG). We applied principles of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to correlate MPA exposure and lymphocyte counts with SARS-CoV-2 IgG. MPA trough levels differ largely among KTRs with a median of 3.1 mg/L (range 0.7-9.5 mg/L). 34 of 84 KTRs (40%) developed positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG after two vaccine doses. KTRs who developed positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG showed significantly higher eGFR (p < 0.001), lower MPA trough levels (p < 0.001) and higher CD19+ lymphocytes (p < 0.001). MPA trough levels <2.5 mg/l and CD19+ lymphocytes >40/μl identify KTRs with seroconversion. Upon logistic regression, MPA trough levels <2.5 mg/L were associated with a 7-fold (CI 95%: 1.589-29.934) and ciclosporin use with a 6-fold (CI 95%: 1.148-30.853) increase in the odds of seroconversion. Our study indicates that immune-responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines correlates with MPA exposure measured by MPA trough level but argues against a class effect of MPA. TDM-guided MPA dosing may be a strategy to increase seroconversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Schachtner
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Phiri DL, Rees K, Davies N. Outcomes of a model for re-testing HIV-negative index contacts in Sedibeng, South Africa. South Afr J HIV Med 2023; 24:1482. [PMID: 37293602 PMCID: PMC10244933 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v24i1.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Index contact testing is an HIV case-finding approach that elicits sexual or needle-sharing partners, as well as biological children, of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and offers them HIV testing services. Objectives We aim to describe the results of an innovative project in Sedibeng District that expanded index testing by retesting previously negative contacts and incorporating status-neutral testing. Method We used registers to identify people who previously tested HIV-negative through index testing from March 2019 to September 2021. The individuals were telephonically traced and offered HIV retesting. Data were collected on a weekly basis using REDCap®. We monitored the number of individuals called, those who came back for retest, and their HIV results. Results Fifteen counsellors contacted 968 people over 12 months. Forty-eight percent (462 out of 968) of those called returned for testing. Of those, 121 (26%) tested positive. Overall, 66 out of 276 (24%) men with HIV and 55 out of 186 (30%) women with HIV were identified and linked to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Fifty-seven percent (194 out of 341) of clients who tested HIV-negative were offered, and 124 out of 194 (64%) initiated, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). All individuals who retested HIV-positive had a new diagnosis; none reported having had another positive test result between the original negative and the positive retest. Conclusion Revisiting index clients with a previous negative HIV test result is worthwhile, creating an opportunity to identify undiagnosed PLHIV and high-risk people for PrEP. The high positivity rate highlights the importance of providing a sero-neutral approach to HIV testing, including integrating prevention messaging and linkage to PrEP services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditebogo L Phiri
- HIV Testing Services, Faculty of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kate Rees
- Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Davies
- Department of Clinical Care, Faculty of Public Health, Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bakr S, Ezzat EM, Salem KM, Masoud M, Abdelaziz HEM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody during COVID-19 pandemic in Fayoum District, Egypt: a community-based pilot survey. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:22. [PMID: 37521757 PMCID: PMC10386537 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.22.36513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction controlling the worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), could be impossible due to the hesitancy about the available vaccines and the difficulty to implement strict restrictions. Little information is available about herd immunity in the highly vulnerable region of North East Africa, Egypt. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic in one of the highly vulnerable populations in Egypt, the Fayoum district of Fayoum Governorate. Additionally, to assess the predictive value of symptoms and other associated risk factors towards a positive COVID-19 test. Methods in this cross-sectional community-based pilot study, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that are specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1-RBD) protein were tested during the period from February 2021 to July 2021. Results out of 155 participants, 60.6% were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Out of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, 76.5% and 56.2% were seropositive, respectively. Surprisingly, only one individual had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Previous history of COVID-19; such as symptoms and gender are statistically significant predictors of high seroconversion independent of age, comorbidities, and level of education. Conclusion this study which disclosed unexpectedly high SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among the Egyptians, might provide a clear insight into COVID-19 transmission patterns and state of immunity. Further study with a larger sample size on a large scale is required to represent the whole local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Eman Mahmoud Ezzat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Karem Mohamed Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Masoud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hossam Eldin Mahmoud Abdelaziz
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Toriyabe K, Kitamura A, Hagimoto-Akasaka M, Ikejiri M, Suga S, Kondo E, Kihira M, Morikawa F, Ikeda T. Transient Decrease in Incidence Rate of Maternal Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051096. [PMID: 37243182 DOI: 10.3390/v15051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the occurrence of maternal primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in Japan. We performed a nested case-control study using data from maternal CMV antibody screening under the Cytomegalovirus in Mother and infant-engaged Virus serology (CMieV) program in Mie, Japan. Pregnant women with negative IgG antibodies at ≤20 weeks of gestation who were retested at ≥28 weeks were enrolled. The study period was divided into 2015-2019 as the pre-pandemic and 2020-2022 as the pandemic period, and the study site included 26 institutions conducting the CMieV program. The incidence rate of maternal IgG seroconversion was compared between the pre-pandemic (7008 women enrolled) and pandemic (2020, 1283 women enrolled; 2021, 1100 women; and 2022, 398 women) periods. Sixty-one women in the pre-pandemic period and five, four, and five women during 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, showed IgG seroconversion. The incidence rates in 2020 and 2021 were lower (p < 0.05) than that in the pre-pandemic period. Our data suggest a transient decrease in the incidence of maternal primary CMV infection in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could be due to prevention and hygiene measures taken at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Toriyabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Asa Kitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center, Tsu 514-1101, Japan
| | - Miki Hagimoto-Akasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Suga
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu 514-0125, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kihira
- Mie Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Tsu 514-0003, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Morikawa
- Mie Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Tsu 514-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Helou M, Zoghbi S, El Osta N, Mina J, Mokhbat J, Husni R. COVID-19 infection and seroconversion rates in healthcare workers in Lebanon: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32992. [PMID: 37115042 PMCID: PMC10143398 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a recent pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCW) are at high risk of acquiring the infection and transmitting it to others. Seroprevalence for COVID-19 among HCW varies between countries, hospitals in the same country and even among different departments in the same hospital. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies and the seroconversion among the HCW in our hospital. A total of 203 HCW were included. The rate of conversion to seropositive was 19.7% in total, with a rate of 13.4% in female versus 25% in male. The seropositivity in the House keeping group was 83%, followed by 45% in the COVID Floor while the seropositivity in the Anesthesia was 4% and the Infection Control 0%. The highest seropositivity rate in the COVID floor, and in the intensive care unit was explained by the long time spent with the patients. While in the inhalation team and the anesthesia, the lower rates of seropositivity was due to the N95 mask wearing the whole time. Seropositivity for COVID-19 in HCW is a major public health concern. Policies should be implemented to better protect HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Helou
- Division of Emergency, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Zoghbi
- Division of Infection Control, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour El Osta
- Division of Emergency, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jonathan Mina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jacques Mokhbat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Husni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Gupta S, Chauhan N, Kumari P, Bansal M, Chahar A. To study the pattern of seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in COVID-infected cancer patients and to correlate it clinically - A cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S404-S408. [PMID: 37148008 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_460_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Though as per literature cancer is also consider an associated risk factor for morbidity and mortality for covid infection but practically most of the cancer patients showed no symptoms with less mortality in second wave of pandemic. So this cross sectional comparative analysis study was designed to see the prevalence of sero-conversion for SARS -coV for IgG in covid infected cancer patients and to compare the IgG antibodies level between covid infected cancer patients and covid infected healthy persons. Material and Method Covid-19 antibody screening of covid recovered cancer patients as well as covid recovered healthy persons was done in department of Transfusion Medicine.IgG antibody for COVID-19 was detected using microtiter plate with whole-cell antigen coating, an in-house validated kit by NIV ICMR3. Prevalence of sero-conversion was noted down in both the groups and compared. Result There was more infectivity rate in second covid wave. Case fatality rate was much lesser as compared to 1st wave in cancer patients. In cancer patients maximum seroconversion was seen in younger group i.e. 21-30 yrs. of age, this was in contrast to finding in general population, where minimum seroconversion was seen in younger age group. It was observed that more prevalence of sero conversion was seen in general population as compared to cancer patients, but difference was non-significant. Conclusion Though cancer patients showed less rate of seroconversion as compared to normal healthy person, but none of them showed any moderate or severe symptoms inspite of being a risk factor for severity of covid. Though larger study are required to comment on statistical conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitu Chauhan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Bansal
- Department of Medicine, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet Chahar
- Department of Medicine, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cao X, Hu Q, Xu W, Li Q, Zhang J, Chen L, Huang Y, Qi X. Kinetics changes in total cholesterol predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon-alfa. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:310-318. [PMID: 36529685 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is no satisfactory standard for predicting HBeAg seroconversion during Pegylated interferon alpha (PegIFNα) treatment. Studies have shown that IFNα therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients could alter serum lipid profiles. However, there have been no studies on lipid changes that predict the outcome of PegIFNα monotherapy in treated-naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This retrospective study included 130 treated-naive HBeAg-positive CHB patients receiving PegIFNα monotherapy. The relationship between serum lipid changes and HBeAg seroconversion was analysed. The TC-ALT-HBsAg-HBeAg-Genotype-Age (CASEGA) model was established to predict HBeAg seroconversion after PegIFN-α monotherapy. Among 130 patients, 33 achieved HBeAg seroconversion (SR) and 97 did not achieve HBeAg seroconversion (NR). The decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) in the NR group was significantly higher than in the SR group at Week 24 (-9.59% vs. -0.31%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the change in TC at Week 24 (odds ratio = 1.065, p = 0.009) was an independent predictor of HBeAg seroconversion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CASEGA model was 0.883. The model score at the maximum Youden index was 90, and the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.727, 0.794, 0.546 and 0.895, respectively. The HBeAg seroconversion rate at Week 72 in patients with scores >90 was significantly higher than that in patients with scores <90 (54.55% vs. 10.47%, p < 0.001). This study indicated that the change in the TC level at 24 weeks in CHB patients treated with PegIFNα was associated with HBeAg seroconversion. The CASEGA prediction model based on the TC change rate of 24 weeks has good predictive efficiency for HBeAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyue Cao
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiankun Hu
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Qi
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kosiorek P, Stróż S, Hryniewicz A, Kazberuk DE, Milewski R, Bartoszewicz K, Borkowska MJ, Stasiak‐Barmuta A. A new set‐up of vanishing antibodies: A biennial follow‐up of five different clients' humoral responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 after systemic vaccination in an oncology hospital in Poland. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1172. [PMID: 37008810 PMCID: PMC10064024 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kosiorek
- Department of EmergencyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Samuel Stróż
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Anna Hryniewicz
- Department of RehabilitationMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Dorota E. Kazberuk
- Department of RadiotherapyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | | - Magdalena J. Borkowska
- Department of RadiotherapyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
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Zinszer K, Charland K, Pierce L, Saucier A, McKinnon B, Hamelin MÈ, Cheriet I, Da Torre MB, Carbonneau J, Nguyen CT, De Serres G, Papenburg J, Boivin G, Quach C. Pre-Omicron seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a cohort of children and teenagers in Montreal, Canada. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 131:119-126. [PMID: 36963656 PMCID: PMC10033142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use serological testing to assess the pre-Omicron seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada. DESIGN This analysis is from a prospective cohort study of children aged 2 to 17 years (at baseline) that included blood spots (DBS) for antibody detection. The serostatus of participants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein (N) as antigens. We estimated seroprevalence, seroconversion rates, and the likelihood of seroreversion at six months and one year. RESULTS The baseline (October 2020 to April 2021) seroprevalence was 5.8% (95% CI 4.8-7.1), which increased to 10.5% (May to September 2021) and 11.0% (November 2021 to March 2022) for the respective follow-ups (95% CI 8.6-12.7; 95% CI 8.8-13.5). The crude rate of seroconversion over the study period was 12.8 per 100 person-years (95% CI 11.0-14.7). Adjusted hazard rates of seroconversion by child characteristics showed higher rates in children who were female, whose parent identified as a racial or ethnic minority, and in households with incomes in the lowest tercile of our study population. The likelihood of remaining seropositive at six months was 68% (95% CI 60%-77%) and dropped to 42% (95% CI 32%-56%) at one year. CONCLUSIONS Serological studies continue to provide valuable contributions for infection prevalence estimates and help us better understand the dynamics of antibody levels following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Zinszer
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Katia Charland
- Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Pierce
- Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adrien Saucier
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Britt McKinnon
- Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Hamelin
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Research Centre of Quebec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Margot Barbosa Da Torre
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Carbonneau
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Research Centre of Quebec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cat Tuong Nguyen
- Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- National Institute of Public Health of Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre
| | - Guy Boivin
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Research Centre of Quebec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Islam M, Sevak JK, Sharma MK, Jindal A, Vyas AK, Bajpai M, Ramakrishna G, Sarin SK, Trehanpati N. Immune predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in patients with hepatitis B reactivation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:689-708. [PMID: 36411952 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation. AIMS To investigate sequential immune differentiation and abrogation of tolerance in patients with rHBV who achieved HBsAg seroconversion. METHODS We included 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBV; HBV DNA log103-8 ), 67 with rHBV (raised ALT [>5XULN], HBV DNAlog104-8 ) and 10 healthy controls. Immune differentiation, tolerance and functional status of CD4, CD8, T regulatory cells (Tregs), B cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks. RESULTS At 24 weeks, 81% rHBV (n = 67) lost HBV DNA and HBeAg (41%), and 12 (19%) lost HBsAg and made anti-HBs titers >10 IU/ml. rHBV patients had higher Th1/17, TEM , Tfh, Tfh1/17, plasma and ATM B cells, and lower Tregs, Th2, Th17 and TEMRA expression. rHBV showed lower PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX compared to CHBV. There was a significant increase in CD8, CD8EM, Tfh, Tfh1/17 and plasma B cells in seroconverters than non-seroconverters. At 24 weeks, we also observed increased plasma B cell frequency in seroconverters. While non-seroconverters showed higher expression of PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX on CD4/CD8 T cells, blockade of PD1, TIM3, LAG3 and CTLA4 significantly enhanced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-21 expression on CD4/CD8 and Tfh cells in non-seroconverters. CONCLUSIONS Non-seroconverters have increased inhibitory markers on CD4/CD8 T cells. There is a critical play of CD8, Tfh and B cells and subsets in seroclearance, along with checkpoint molecules as a potential therapy for non-seroconverters in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojahidul Islam
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sevak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Jindal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Vyas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Bajpai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ghanooni AH, Zadeh-Vakili A, Rezvankhah B, Jafari Nodushan S, Akbarzadeh M, Amouzegar A, Daneshpour MS, Khalili D, Mehrabi Y, Ebadi SA, Azizi F. Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Seroconversion in a Population-Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:65-73. [PMID: 36989526 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are usually accompanied by anti-thyroid antibodies which can serve as early predictive markers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants and the presence of TPOAb and to evaluate the effect of environmental factors associated with seroconversion from TPOAb-negative to TPOAb-positive. Methods: Participants from phases 1 and 2 of the Tehran Thyroid Study in (n = 5327, ≥20 years) were evaluated in terms of TPOAb positivity, and its relationship with 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from within the TPO gene (cross-sectional approach). TPOAb-negative participants (n = 4815) were followed up for seroconversion for 5.5 years. The relationship between the TPO gene variants and the TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated (longitudinal approach). Results: There were 521 TPOAb-positive participants in the cross-sectional phase and 266 new TPOAb-positive cases observed during the follow-up period. After quality control (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 1 × 10-5) and minor allele frequency < 0.05), 49 SNPs were qualified for association analyses. From this set fourteen SNPs were identified that were associated with TPOAb positivity. rs6605278, located in the 3'UTR TPO gene, was the most highly significantly associated of the variant and remained associated after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, number of parity, and oral contraceptive consumption in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb-positivity can be partially explained by variants in the TPO gene. New TPOAb-associated SNPs were observed in Iranians as an ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Ghanooni
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boshra Rezvankhah
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jafari Nodushan
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Ebadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Youssef DM, El-Shal AS, Elbehidy RM, Fouda MA, Shalaby SM, El Hawy LL, Elsadek AF, Neemat-Allah MAA, Ramadan SM, Gohary A, Arab F, Alsharkawy M, Tolba SAR, Abdelsalam MM, Amin EK, Gehad MH. Hepatitis B Immunization Status in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: Experience at a Single Center, Egypt. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051864. [PMID: 36902652 PMCID: PMC10003117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those who require hemodialysis (HD), are at high risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The HBV vaccine non-/hypo-response rate among HD children remains high, and it is critical to investigate the influencing factors and their linkages. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of HB vaccination response in HD children and to analyze the interference of various clinical and biomedical factors with the immunological response to HB vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 74 children on maintenance hemodialysis, aged between 3 and 18 years. These children were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Results: Out of a total of 74 children with HD, 25 (33.8%) were positive for the HCV antibody. Regarding the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine, 70% were non-/hypo-responders (≤100 IU/mL) and only 30% mounted a high-level response (more than 100 IU/mL). There was a significant relation between non-/hypo-response and sex, dialysis duration, and HCV infection. Being on dialysis for more than 5 years and being HCV Ab-positive were independent variables for non-/hypo-response to HB vaccine. Conclusions: Children with CKD on regular HD have poor seroconversion rates in response to the HBV vaccine, which were influenced by dialysis duration and HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Mohammed Youssef
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amal S. El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 11774, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-1221546634
| | - Rabab M. Elbehidy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Adel Fouda
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally M. Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Lotfy El Hawy
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | | | - Seham M. Ramadan
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amal Gohary
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Faika Arab
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mona Alsharkawy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ezzat Kamel Amin
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamed Gehad
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Fiers J, Tignon M, Maes D, Cay AB. Follow-Up of PRRSv-Vaccinated Piglets Born from PRRSv-Vaccinated, ELISA-Seropositive and ELISA-Seronegative Sows. Viruses 2023; 15. [PMID: 36851693 DOI: 10.3390/v15020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is widely used to prevent production losses in the swine industry. In this study, piglets born from both PRRSv-vaccinated ELISA-seropositive sows (E+ piglets) and PRRSv-vaccinated ELISA-seronegative sows (E- piglets) were followed-up pre-vaccination, 3 weeks post-vaccination (wpv) and 8 wpv in two Belgian farrow-to-finish herds. The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of PRRSv-specific maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) and the PRRSv vaccine response in both groups of piglets. The E- piglets lacked the presence of PRRSv-specific MDAs (0% seropositive), while these were present in the E+ piglets (97% seropositive). Due to this, the E- piglets showed a strong initial vaccine response (72-80% seroconversion) and vaccine viremia (65-75% PCR positive) at 3 wpv. In contrast, the E+ piglets showed only limited initial vaccine responses (25-61% with increased ELISA values) and vaccine viremia (30-31% PCR positive) at 3 wpv. By 8 wpv, the proportion of seropositive E- piglets (78-100%) and seropositive E+ piglets (55-90%) increased in both herds. However, a difference in vaccine viremia duration was observed between both herds at 8 wpv, with a decrease in the proportion of PCR positive piglets in herd 1 (E-: 47%; E+: 25%) and an increase in the proportion of PCR positive piglets in herd 2 (E-: 85%; E+: 92%). This study identified clear differences in the presence of PRRSv-specific maternally-derived antibodies and PRRSv vaccine responses between E- and E+ piglets. Further research is warranted to elicit the biological relevance of these observed differences.
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Steytler J, van der Ryst E, Craig C, Van Baelen B, Nuttall J, van Niekerk N, Mellors J, Parikh U, Wallis C. Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Virology Outcomes of Women Who Seroconverted in the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Trials-The Ring Study and DREAM. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:389-397. [PMID: 36189636 PMCID: PMC10169386 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in The Ring Study, a phase 3 trial of dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR), or in the open-label extension trial dapivirine ring extended access and monitoring (DREAM) were offered enrollment in an observational cohort study (IPM 007) to assess clinical presentation and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Participants' HIV infection was managed at local treatment clinics according to national treatment guidelines. IPM 007 study visits occurred 3 and 6 months after enrollment and every 6 months thereafter. Assessments included plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell counts, and recording of HIV/AIDS-associated events and antiretroviral use. Post hoc virology analyses were performed for participants identified with virologic failure. RESULTS One hundred fifty-one of 179 eligible participants (84.4%) enrolled into IPM 007; 103 had previously received the DVR in the Ring or DREAM studies, and 48 had received placebo in The Ring Study. HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell counts after 12 months' follow-up were similar for participants who used the DVR in The Ring Study and DREAM, compared to those who received placebo. Of the 78 participants with a study visit approximately 6 months after ART initiation, 59 (75.6%) had HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL (The Ring Study: placebo: 13/23 [56.5%]; DVR: 32/39 [82.1%]; DREAM [DVR]: 14/16 [87.5%]). Post hoc virology analysis indicated that genotypic patterns observed at virologic failure were as expected of a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. CONCLUSIONS Seroconversion during DVR use did not negatively affect clinical presentation or treatment outcome. Mutation patterns at virologic failure were in line with individuals failing an NNRTI-based regimen. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01618058.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Steytler
- International Partnership for Microbicides South Africa NPC, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Charles Craig
- Research Virology Consulting Ltd, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy Nuttall
- International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Neliëtte van Niekerk
- International Partnership for Microbicides South Africa NPC, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John Mellors
- Microbicide Trials Network Virology Core Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Urvi Parikh
- Microbicide Trials Network Virology Core Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carole Wallis
- Bio-Analytical Research Corporation Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kwon JY, Daoud ND, Hashash JG, Picco MF, Farraye FA. Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccination with a Novel Immunostimulatory Sequence Adjuvant (Heplisav-B) in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:254-259. [PMID: 35468183 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the use of immunosuppressive agents, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of vaccine preventable diseases, including infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Heplisav-B, an FDA-approved vaccine, is more effective (90% to 100%) than Engerix-B (70.5% to 90.2%) at inducing immunity to HBV in clinical studies. Available data on efficacy of Heplisav-B vaccine in patients with IBD are limited. METHODS This retrospective observational study included patients age 18 years and older with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) who received 1 or 2 doses of Heplisav-B vaccine and had postvaccination serologic testing. Prior to immunization, all participants were seronegative for HBsAb antibodies (HBsAb) measured as <10 IU/mL. Postvaccination HBsAb of ≥10 IU/mL was considered successful vaccination. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and medications were abstracted. RESULTS One hundred six patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 43 years, and 44 (42%) were female. Thirty-nine patients (37%) had UC, whereas 67 (63%) had CD. Eighty-three patients (78.3%) had active immunity after vaccination with Heplisav-B, with median postvaccination HBsAb levels of 114 IU/L. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, immunomodulator use, or those on 2 or more of immunosuppressive medications were less likely to respond to Heplisav-B, though these findings were not statistically significant on a multivariate analysis aside from chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Heplisav-B, a 2-dose vaccine, is an effective vaccine for HBV in patients with IBD. In our study, its overall efficacy (78.3%) is greater than that reported for the presently available 3-dose vaccination (Engerix) in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Y Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nader D Daoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael F Picco
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Djaïleb A, Lavallée É, Parker MF, Cayer MP, Desautels F, de Grandmont MJ, Stuible M, Gervais C, Durocher Y, Trottier S, Boudreau D, Masson JF, Brouard D, Pelletier JN. Assessment of the longitudinal humoral response in non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals at decentralized sites: Outcomes and concordance. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1052424. [PMID: 36741379 PMCID: PMC9895839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, reagent availability was not uniform, and infrastructure had to be urgently adapted to undertake COVID-19 surveillance. Methods Before the validation of centralized testing, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were established independently at two decentralized sites using different reagents and instrumentation. We compared the results of these assays to assess the longitudinal humoral response of SARS-CoV-2-positive (i.e., PCR-confirmed), non-hospitalized individuals with mild to moderate symptoms, who had contracted SARSCoV-2 prior to the appearance of variants of concern in Québec, Canada. Results The two assays exhibited a high degree of concordance to identify seropositive individuals, thus validating the robustness of the methods. The results also confirmed that serum immunoglobulins persist ≥ 6 months post-infection among non-hospitalized adults and that the antibodies elicited by infection cross-reacted with the antigens from P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants of concern. Discussion Together, these results demonstrate that immune surveillance assays can be rapidly and reliably established when centralized testing is not available or not yet validated, allowing for robust immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Djaïleb
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Lavallée
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Megan-Faye Parker
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Départment de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danny Brouard
- Héma‐Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wirth SRM, Podar K, Pecherstorfer M, Wohlfarth P, Jaeger U, Singer J. Evaluation of Antibody Responses in Patients with B-Cell Malignancies after Two and Three Doses of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Vaccination-A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020524. [PMID: 36672473 PMCID: PMC9856293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with B-cell malignancies are at a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nevertheless, extensive data on the immune responses of hematological patients and the efficacy of the third dose of the vaccine are scarce. The goal of this study was to determine standardized anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels and to evaluate differences between treatment modalities in response to the second and third vaccines among patients with B-cell malignancies treated at the University Hospital Krems and the University Hospital of Vienna. The antibody levels of a total of 80 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The results indicate a significant increase in antibody production in response to the third vaccination. The highest increases could be observed in patients in a "watchful-waiting" and "off-therapy" setting. Encouragingly, approximately one-third of patients who did not develop antibodies in response to two vaccinations achieved seroconversion after the third vaccination. "Watchful-waiting", "off-therapy" and treatment with BTK inhibitors were indicative for increased antibody response after the third dose compared to anti-CD19 CAR T-cell and anti-CD-20 antibody treatment. In summary, the results of this study underline the pre-eminent role of the need for complete vaccination with three doses for the development of protective immunity in patients with B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Rosa Maria Wirth
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Klaus Podar
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Hematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Philipp Wohlfarth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Singer
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Correspondence:
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50
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Steinparzer R, Duerlinger S, Schmoll F, Steinrigl A, Bagó Z, Willixhofer D, Al Salem O, Takács S, Knecht C, Renzhammer R, Schwendenwein I, Ladinig A, Unterweger C. Leptospira interrogans Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36678483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira is a pathogen involved in fertility problems in pigs. Nevertheless, little information is available on pathogenicity, transmission, tissue tropism, and immune response. The objective of this preliminary study was to induce a diagnostically detectable infection in naïve gilts using Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae to gain the knowledge required for designing a large-scale trial. Eight seronegative fertile gilts were divided into three groups: control (n = 2), challenge (n = 3; 10 mL of 108 leptospires/mL intravenously), and contact (n = 3). A daily clinical examination and periodic sampling of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were performed until four weeks after infection when necropsy was undertaken. Seroconversion of infected animals was detected first by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) between four and seven days after inoculation. No clinical signs were observed except pyrexia. Laboratory data primarily remained within reference intervals. Leptospira were undetectable in all groups by real-time PCR (sera, urine, vaginal swabs, and tissue samples) and bacterial culture (urine and tissue samples). However, histologic evidence for tubulo-interstitial nephritis could be found. Based on the study results and limitations, questions to be solved and approaches to be reconsidered are raised for the conduction of further experimental studies to understand the pathogenesis and the role of Icterohaemorrhagiae in pig health.
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