1
|
Akiso M, Muema D, Langat R, Naidoo KK, Oino G, Mutua G, Thobakgale C, Ochiel D, Chinyenze K, Anzala O, Mureithi MW. Early antiretroviral therapy and its impact on natural killer cell dynamics in HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional pilot study evaluating the impact of early ART initiation on NK cell perturbation in HIV infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357023. [PMID: 38364104 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03570-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were immediately initiated on ART after HIV-1 diagnosis. Blood samples were drawn pre-infection and at sequential bi-weekly post-infection time points. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with panel NK cells surface markers to assess HIV-induced phenotypic changes by flow cytometry. Some cells were also stimulated overnight with K562 cell line, IL-2, and IL-15 and stained for flow cytometry functionality. HIV-1 infection was associated with significant reductions in the production of IFN-γ (P = 0.0264), expression of CD69 (P = 0.0110), and expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor Siglec7 (P = 0.0418). We observed an increased NK cell degranulation (P = 0.0100) and an upregulated expression of cell exhaustion marker PD-1 (P = 0.0513) at post-infection time points. These changes mainly were restored upon immediate initiation of ART, except for Siglec7 expression, whose reduced expression persisted despite ART. Some HIV-associated changes in NK cells may persist despite the immediate initiation of ART in acute HIV-1 infections. Our findings suggest that understanding NK cell dynamics and their restoration after ART can offer insights into optimizing HIV-1 treatment and potentially slowing disease progression.IMPORTANCENatural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling of HIV-1 replication and progression to disease. Perturbations of their functionality may therefore result in deleterious disease outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced NK cell functionality in chronic HIV-1 infection that positively correlated to HIV-1 viral load. This may suggest that control of HIV-1 viremia in acute HIV-1 infection may aid in enhancing NK cell response boosting the inate immunity hence effective control of viral spread and establishment of viral reservoir. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively supresses HIV-1 viremia to undectable levels and restores CD4+ T cell counts. Our study highlights the significant role of early ART initiation in mitigating NK cell disruptions caused by acute HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that early initiation of ART could have benefits beyond suppressing viral load and restoring CD4+ T cell counts. In addition, it could boost the innate immunity necessary to control disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matrona Akiso
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Muema
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Robert Langat
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kewreshini K Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Oino
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gaudensia Mutua
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Thobakgale
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ochiel
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marianne W Mureithi
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naidoo KK, Highton AJ, Baiyegunhi OO, Bhengu SP, Dong KL, Bunders MJ, Altfeld M, Ndung’u T. Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves the Metabolic Function of CD4+ T Cells in Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:753-762. [PMID: 37804102 PMCID: PMC10938216 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction often persists in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART), clinically manifesting as HIV-1-associated comorbid conditions. Early ART initiation may reduce incidence of HIV-1-associated immune dysfunction and comorbid conditions. Immunometabolism is a critical determinant of functional immunity. We investigated the effect of HIV-1 infection and timing of ART initiation on CD4+ T cell metabolism and function. METHODS Longitudinal blood samples from people living with HIV who initiated ART during hyperacute HIV-1 infection (HHI; before peak viremia) or chronic HIV-1 infection (CHI) were assessed for the metabolic and immune functions of CD4+ T cells. Metabolite uptake and mitochondrial mass were measured using fluorescent analogues and MitoTracker Green accumulation, respectively, and were correlated with CD4+ T cell effector functions. RESULTS Initiation of ART during HHI prevented dysregulation of glucose uptake by CD4+ T cells, but glucose uptake was reduced before and after ART initiation in CHI. Glucose uptake positively correlated with interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by CD4+ T cells. CHI was associated with elevated mitochondrial mass in effector memory CD4+ T cells that persisted after ART and correlated with PD-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS ART initiation in HHI largely prevented metabolic impairment of CD4+ T cells. ART initiation in CHI was associated with persistently dysregulated immunometabolism of CD4+ T cells, which was associated with impaired cellular functions and exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewreshini K Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Highton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sindiswa P Bhengu
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista L Dong
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mandizvo T, Gumede N, Ndlovu B, Ndlovu S, Mann JK, Chopera DR, Singh L, Dong KL, Walker BD, Ndhlovu ZM, Lavine CL, Seaman MS, Gounder K, Ndung'u T. Subtle Longitudinal Alterations in Env Sequence Potentiate Differences in Sensitivity to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies following Acute HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0127022. [PMID: 36453881 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01270-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) for HIV-1 prevention or cure strategies must inhibit transmitted/founder and reservoir viruses. Establishing sensitivity of circulating viruses to bNAbs and genetic patterns affecting neutralization variability may guide rational bNAbs selection for clinical development. We analyzed 326 single env genomes from nine individuals followed longitudinally following acute HIV-1 infection, with samples collected at ~1 week after the first detection of plasma viremia; 300 to 1,709 days postinfection but prior to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) (median = 724 days); and ~1 year post ART initiation. Sequences were assessed for phylogenetic relatedness, potential N- and O-linked glycosylation, and variable loop lengths (V1 to V5). A total of 43 env amplicons (median = 3 per patient per time point) were cloned into an expression vector and the TZM-bl assay was used to assess the neutralization profiles of 15 bNAbs targeting the CD4 binding site, V1/V2 region, V3 supersite, MPER, gp120/gp41 interface, and fusion peptide. At 1 μg/mL, the neutralization breadths were as follows: VRC07-LS and N6.LS (100%), VRC01 (86%), PGT151 (81%), 10-1074 and PGT121 (80%), and less than 70% for 10E8, 3BNC117, CAP256.VRC26, 4E10, PGDM1400, and N123-VRC34.01. Features associated with low sensitivity to V1/V2 and V3 bNAbs were higher potential glycosylation sites and/or relatively longer V1 and V4 domains, including known "signature" mutations. The study shows significant variability in the breadth and potency of bNAbs against circulating HIV-1 subtype C envelopes. VRC07-LS, N6.LS, VRC01, PGT151, 10-1074, and PGT121 display broad activity against subtype C variants, and major determinants of sensitivity to most bNAbs were within the V1/V4 domains. IMPORTANCE Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have potential clinical utility in HIV-1 prevention and cure strategies. However, bNAbs target diverse epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope and the virus may evolve to evade immune responses. It is therefore important to identify antibodies with broad activity in high prevalence settings, as well as the genetic patterns that may lead to neutralization escape. We investigated 15 bNAbs with diverse biophysical properties that target six epitopes of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein for their ability to inhibit viruses that initiated infection, viruses circulating in plasma at chronic infection before antiretroviral treatment (ART), or viruses that were archived in the reservoir during ART in subtype C infected individuals in South Africa, a high burden country. We identify the antibodies most likely to be effective for clinical use in this setting and describe mutational patterns associated with neutralization escape from these antibodies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu X, Zhang X, Cheung AKL, Moog C, Xia H, Li Z, Wang R, Ji Y, Xia W, Liu Z, Yuan L, Wang X, Wu H, Zhang T, Su B. Abnormal Shift in B Memory Cell Profile Is Associated With the Expansion of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells via ICOS Signaling During Acute HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837921. [PMID: 35222430 PMCID: PMC8867039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center B cells are essential for the differentiation of B cells and specific antibody responses against HIV-1 infection. However, the extent to which HIV-1 infection affects the dynamic interplay between these two cell populations in the bloodstream remains unclear. In this study, the dynamics of circulating Tfh (cTfh) and B cells and their relationship in individuals with acute and chronic HIV-1 infection were investigated. Twenty-five study subjects were enrolled from the Beijing PRIMO clinical cohort, a prospective cohort of HIV-1-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) for the identification of cases of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) at Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Individuals with AHI were selected at random. Matched samples were also collected and analyzed from the same patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. None of the study subjects received antiretroviral therapy during acute or chronic infection. Multicolor flow cytometry was used for the immunophenotypic and functional characterization of cTfh cell and B cell subsets. AHI resulted in increased proportions in bulk cTfh, ICOS+cTfh or IL-21+ICOS+cTfh cells. In both acute and chronic infections, activated memory (AM), tissue-like memory (TLM), and plasmablast (PB) B cell levels were increased whilst resting memory (RM) and naïve mature (NM) B cell levels were decreased. Classical memory (CM) B cells were unaffected during infection. Association analyses showed that the levels of ICOS+cTfh and IL-21+ICOS+cTfh cells were negatively correlated with those of AM, CM, RM cells, and positively correlated with those of NM cells in AHI but not chronic HIV-1 infection stage (CHI). Moreover, the frequency of IL-21+ICOS+cTfh cells was also positively correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load, and had an opposite association trend with CD4+T cell count in AHI. Our data suggests that HIV-1 infection drives the expansion of cTfh cells, which in turn leads to perturbations of B cell differentiation through ICOS signaling during acute infection stage. These findings provide insight on the role of ICOS in the regulation of cTfh/B cell interaction during AHI and may potentially guide the design of effective strategies for restoring anti-HIV-1 immunity in the infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Huan Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farias GB, Badura R, Conceição CM, Gomes AMC, Godinho-Santos A, Laia J, Rosmaninho P, Santos DF, Mota C, Almeida ARM, Fernandes SM, Trombetta AC, Sousa AE. Acute HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Share Slan+ Monocyte Depletion-Evidence from an Hyperacute HIV-1 Case Report. Viruses 2021; 13:1805. [PMID: 34578386 DOI: 10.3390/v13091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in acute HIV-1 infection remains unclear. We had the opportunity to evaluate the mononuclear cell compartment in an early hyper-acute HIV-1 patient in comparison with an untreated chronic HIV-1 and a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, by high dimensional flow cytometry using an unsupervised approach. A distinct polarization of the monocyte phenotype was observed in the two viral infections, with maintenance of pro-inflammatory M1-like profile in HIV-1, in contrast to the M2-like immunosuppressive shift in SARS-CoV-2. Noticeably, both acute infections had reduced CD14low/−CD16+ non-classical monocytes, with depletion of the population expressing Slan (6-sulfo LacNac), which is thought to contribute to immune surveillance through pro-inflammatory properties. This depletion indicates a potential role of these cells in acute viral infection, which has not previously been explored. The inflammatory state accompanied by the depletion of Slan+ monocytes may provide new insights on the critical events that determine the rate of viral set-point in acute HIV-1 infection and subsequent impact on transmission and reservoir establishment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dunn K, Rogers R, Simonson RB, Luo D, Sheng S, Kassam PT, Seyedkazemi S, Hardy H. Rapid initiation of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in acute and early HIV-1 infection: a DIAMOND subgroup analysis. HIV Res Clin Pract 2021; 22:55-61. [PMID: 33999786 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2021.1915652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment during acute or early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is associated with immunologic and virologic benefits. OBJECTIVE To evaluate darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) efficacy/safety among patients with acute or early HIV-1 infection who rapidly initiate treatment. METHODS DIAMOND (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03227861), a phase 3 study, evaluated the efficacy/safety of D/C/F/TAF 800/150/200/10 mg in rapid initiation. Adults aged ≥18 years began D/C/F/TAF within 14 days of diagnosis, prior to the availability of screening/baseline laboratory results. In this subgroup analysis, virologic response (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) was assessed at Week 48 by intent-to-treat FDA snapshot (ITT-FDA snapshot) and observed (excluding patients with missing data) analyses in patients with acute (HIV-1 antibody negative and HIV-1 RNA positive/p24 positive) or early (HIV-1 antibody positive and suspected infection ≤6 months before screening/baseline) infection. RESULTS Among 109 patients, 13 had acute and 43 had early HIV-1 infection. High rates of virologic response were demonstrated at Week 48 by ITT-FDA snapshot (acute: 10/13 [76.9%]; early: 37/43 [86.0%]) and observed (acute: 10/11 [90.9%]; early: 37/38 [97.4%]) analyses. No patients discontinued or required regimen change due to baseline resistance or lack of efficacy, or developed protocol-defined virologic failure. Through Week 48, 7 (53.8%) acute and 22 (51.2%) early infection patients had a D/C/F/TAF-related adverse event (AE); none had a D/C/F/TAF-related grade 4 or serious AE. CONCLUSIONS High rates of viral suppression during acute/early infection were achieved with D/C/F/TAF rapid initiation, no treatment-emergent resistant mutations were observed, and D/C/F/TAF was safe and well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Dunn
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel Rogers
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Donghan Luo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Shubin Sheng
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Hélène Hardy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chintanaphol M, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Rerknimitr R, Ridtitid W, Prueksapanich P, Sereti I, Schuetz A, Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Spudich SS, Kroon E. Feasibility and safety of research sigmoid colon biopsy in a cohort of Thai men who have sex with men with acute HIV-1. J Virus Erad 2020; 6:7-10. [PMID: 32175085 PMCID: PMC7043900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a major reservoir of HIV-1 established early in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Sampling tissue from GALT can provide information about viral reservoirs and immune responses but may be complicated during AHI for reasons such as high viral replication, CD4 T cell depletion and immune activation. Risk of adverse events (AEs) associated with research sigmoid colon biopsies was assessed in participants with AHI in Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS Between 2009 and 2016, 170 biopsies collected from the sigmoid colon were performed during AHI and at follow-up visits (median 24 weeks post AHI diagnosis). Adverse event incidence was evaluated, as well as the associations of procedure timing, repetition and clinical parameters with AE risk. Negative binomial regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Among 103 participants (median age of 27 years, 97.1% male, 96.1% men who have sex with men), 87 sigmoidoscopies were completed during AHI and 83 at a follow-up visit. Approximately 30 biopsies were obtained per procedure for assessment of colonic viral load and HIV-1 reservoir, immunohistochemistry or phenotypic assays. All 11 AEs were grade 1 (6.5%) and included abdominal discomfort (n = 5, 2.9%), mild rectal bleeding (n = 5, 2.9%) and difficulty passing stool (n = 1, 0.6%). Biopsy-related AE risk was not significantly associated with age, HIV-1 RNA, CD4 T cell count, or number and time of biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Complications of sigmoidoscopy with biopsy in participants with AHI were infrequent and mild. Longitudinal sampling of the sigmoid colon to evaluate the gut-associated HIV-1 reservoir can be safely performed as part of research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH,
The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Department of Medicine,
Gastroenterology,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Ridtitid
- Department of Medicine,
Gastroenterology,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Piyapan Prueksapanich
- Department of Medicine,
Gastroenterology,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institute of Health,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA,Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore,
MD,
USA
| | - Donn J Colby
- SEARCH,
The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- SEARCH,
The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand,US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA,Department of Global Health,
University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam,
the Netherlands
| | - Serena S Spudich
- Department of Neurology,
Yale University,
New Haven,
CT,
USA,Corresponding author: Serena Spudich
Yale Neurology,
300 George Street, 8300 C,
New Haven,
CT06510
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH,
The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre,
Bangkok,
Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rocafort M, Noguera-Julian M, Rivera J, Pastor L, Guillén Y, Langhorst J, Parera M, Mandomando I, Carrillo J, Urrea V, Rodríguez C, Casadellà M, Calle ML, Clotet B, Blanco J, Naniche D, Paredes R. Evolution of the gut microbiome following acute HIV-1 infection. Microbiome 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31078141 PMCID: PMC6511141 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rhesus macaques, simian immunodeficiency virus infection is followed by expansion of enteric viruses but has a limited impact on the gut bacteriome. To understand the longitudinal effects of HIV-1 infection on the human gut microbiota, we prospectively followed 49 Mozambican subjects diagnosed with recent HIV-1 infection (RHI) and 54 HIV-1-negative controls for 9-18 months and compared them with 98 chronically HIV-1-infected subjects treated with antiretrovirals (n = 27) or not (n = 71). RESULTS We show that RHI is followed by increased fecal adenovirus shedding, which persists during chronic HIV-1 infection and does not resolve with ART. Recent HIV-1 infection is also followed by transient non-HIV-specific changes in the gut bacterial richness and composition. Despite early resilience to change, an HIV-1-specific signature in the gut bacteriome-featuring depletion of Akkermansia, Anaerovibrio, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium-previously associated with chronic inflammation, CD8+ T cell anergy, and metabolic disorders, can be eventually identified in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects. CONCLUSIONS Recent HIV-1 infection is associated with increased fecal shedding of eukaryotic viruses, transient loss of bacterial taxonomic richness, and long-term reductions in microbial gene richness. An HIV-1-associated microbiome signature only becomes evident in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muntsa Rocafort
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Rivera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lucía Pastor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Integrative Gastroenterology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Chair for Integrative Medicine and translationale Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bamberg, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Mariona Parera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Víctor Urrea
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Casadellà
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Calle
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Denise Naniche
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, C. Sagrada Família 7, 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain.
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia H, Jiang W, Zhang X, Qin L, Su B, Li Z, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lu X, Wu H. Elevated Level of CD4 + T Cell Immune Activation in Acutely HIV-1-Infected Stage Associates With Increased IL-2 Production and Cycling Expression, and Subsequent CD4 + T Cell Preservation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29636753 PMCID: PMC5880913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent immune activation is a striking consequence of HIV-1 infection and a driving force of CD4+ T cell depletion and AIDS events during chronic infection. High level of T cell immune activation associates with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated clinical outcomes in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. However, the role of T cell activation during acute infection stage in subsequent CD4+ T cell decline in the absence of ART treatment is unknown. In this study, we enrolled 26 acutely HIV-1-infected patients in the absence of ART treatment from a prospective acute HIV-1 infection cohort in Beijing (PRIMO). A comprehensive analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune activation during acute infection stage and the clinical outcomes was studied. We found that patients with higher level of CD4+ T cell activation (%CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells) exhibited more effective function (%IL-2 production and %ki67 expression) in CD4+ T cells compared to those from patients without increased T cell activation at the acute phase. Direct correlations were observed between CD4+ T cell activation and the percentages of IL-2-producing or ki67-expressing CD4+ T cells in patients at the acute phase of infection. Importantly, the increased levels of CD4+ T cell immune activation, IL-2 production, and cycling expression during acute infection were associated with less decline of CD4+ T cell after 2 years of infection. However, immune exhaustion molecules in acute infection, including CD160, T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, programmed cell death protein 1, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3, were not associated with the CD4+ T cell depletion. These significant associations of CD4+ T cell activation were not demonstrable for CD8+ T cell activation at the acute phase. Taken together, our observations provide new insight into the possible role of T cell activation in preventing CD4+ T cell depletion during acute HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Biomarkers of Infection Related Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Biomarkers of Infection Related Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Biomarkers of Infection Related Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manak MM, Eller LA, Malia J, Jagodzinski LL, Trichavaroj R, Oundo J, Lueer C, Cham F, de Souza M, Michael NL, Robb ML, Peel SA. Identification of Acute HIV-1 Infection by Hologic Aptima HIV-1 RNA Qualitative Assay. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2064-73. [PMID: 28424253 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00431-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hologic Aptima HIV-1 Qualitative RNA assay was used in a rigorous screening approach designed to identify individuals at the earliest stage of HIV-1 infection for enrollment into subsequent studies of cellular and viral events in early infection (RV 217/Early Capture HIV Cohort [ECHO] study). Volunteers at high risk for HIV-1 infection were recruited from study sites in Thailand, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya with high HIV-1 prevalence rates among the populations examined. Small-volume blood samples were collected by finger stick at twice-weekly intervals and tested with the Aptima assay. Participants with reactive Aptima test results were contacted immediately for entry into a more comprehensive follow-up schedule with frequent blood draws. Evaluation of the Aptima test prior to use in this study showed a detection sensitivity of 5.5 copies/ml (50%), with all major HIV-1 subtypes detected. A total of 54,306 specimens from 1,112 volunteers were examined during the initial study period (August 2009 to November 2010); 27 individuals were identified as converting from uninfected to infected status. A sporadic reactive Aptima signal was observed in HIV-1-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy. Occasional false-reactive Aptima results in uninfected individuals, or nonreactive results in HIV-1-infected individuals not on therapy, were observed and used to calculate assay sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of the Aptima assay were 99.03% and 99.23%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values were 92.01% and 99.91%, respectively. Conversion from HIV-1-uninfected to -infected status was rapid, with no evidence of a prolonged period of intermittent low-level viremia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen P, Su B, Zhang T, Zhu X, Xia W, Fu Y, Zhao G, Xia H, Dai L, Sun L, Liu L, Wu H. Perturbations of Monocyte Subsets and Their Association with T Helper Cell Differentiation in Acute and Chronic HIV-1-Infected Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:272. [PMID: 28348563 PMCID: PMC5347116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes have been recently subdivided into three subsets: classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) subsets, but phenotypic and functional abnormalities of the three monocyte subsets in HIV-1 infection have not been fully characterized, especially in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). In the study, we explored the dynamic changes of monocyte subsets and their surface markers, and the association between monocyte subsets and the IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and TNF-α producing CD4+ T cells in acute and chronic HIV-1-infected patients. We found that, in the acute HIV-1-infected individuals, the frequency of the intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocyte subsets, the CD163 density and HLA-DR density on intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes, and plasma soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocyte subsets and their HLA-DR expression levels were inversely correlated with the CD4+ T cell counts, and the intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes were positively correlated with plasma sCD163. In contrast to the non-classical CD14+CD16++ and classical CD14++CD16− monocyte subsets, the frequency of the intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes was positively associated with the frequency of IFN-γ and IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. Taken together, our observations provide new insight into the roles of the monocyte subsets in HIV pathogenesis, particularly during AHI, and our findings may be helpful for the treatment of HIV-related immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Guoxian Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lipscomb JT, Switzer WM, Li JF, Masciotra S, Owen SM, Johnson JA. HIV reverse-transcriptase drug resistance mutations during early infection reveal greater transmission diversity than in envelope sequences. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1827-37. [PMID: 24924164 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) can serve as distinct, nonpolymorphic markers for evaluating diversity of expressed HIV-1. We screened for DRMs during early-acute viremia and examined the diversity in reverse transcriptase (RT) relative to envelope (env) in cases of transmitted drug resistance. METHODS We evaluated 111 longitudinal plasma samples collected every 2-7 days from 15 individuals who seroconverted for HIV-1 infection in 1994-2000. The samples were screened with sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays for the commonly transmitted M41L and K70R mutations and for K65R, which was undetected by bulk sequencing. Mutation-positive samples were further characterized by clonal sequencing of RT and env V1-V3. RESULTS Drug resistance mutations were detected in 4 of 15 seroconverters at 5-50 days of viral nucleic acid expression; most mutations disappeared about the time of seroconversion. Clonal sequencing verified low-level K65R at frequencies of 0.4%-4.9%. In each case, K65R coexisted unlinked with variants carrying 2-5 thymidine analog mutations at frequencies of 1.6%-23.0%. In one seroconverter, variants with M184V and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor mutations were also identified at first RNA expression. Each seroconverter displayed a homogeneous V1-V3 env population. CONCLUSIONS Reverse-transcriptase DRMs demonstrate that the breadth of variants in transmission may be greater than what is reflected in envelope sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Lipscomb
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William M Switzer
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin-fen Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Silvina Masciotra
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Michele Owen
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|