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Chevée V, Hullahalli K, Dailey KG, Güereca L, Zhang C, Waldor MK, Portnoy DA. Temporal and spatial dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes central nervous system infection in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320311121. [PMID: 38635627 PMCID: PMC11046682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that can cause life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) infections. While mechanisms by which L. monocytogenes and other pathogens traffic to the brain have been studied, a quantitative understanding of the underlying dynamics of colonization and replication within the brain is still lacking. In this study, we used barcoded L. monocytogenes to quantify the bottlenecks and dissemination patterns that lead to cerebral infection. Following intravenous (IV) inoculation, multiple independent invasion events seeded all parts of the CNS from the blood, however, only one clone usually became dominant in the brain. Sequential IV inoculations and intracranial inoculations suggested that clones that had a temporal advantage (i.e., seeded the CNS first), rather than a spatial advantage (i.e., invaded a particular brain region), were the main drivers of clonal dominance. In a foodborne model of cerebral infection with immunocompromised mice, rare invasion events instead led to a highly infected yet monoclonal CNS. This restrictive bottleneck likely arose from pathogen transit into the blood, rather than directly from the blood to the brain. Collectively, our findings provide a detailed quantitative understanding of the L. monocytogenes population dynamics that lead to CNS infection and a framework for studying the dynamics of other cerebral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chevée
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Karthik Hullahalli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD20815
| | - Katherine G. Dailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD20815
| | - Leslie Güereca
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Bethesda, MD20815
| | - Daniel A. Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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Papadimitriou K, Georgalaki M, Anastasiou R, Alexandropoulou AM, Manolopoulou E, Zoumpopoulou G, Tsakalidou E. Study of the Microbiome of the Cretan Sour Cream Staka Using Amplicon Sequencing and Shotgun Metagenomics and Isolation of Novel Strains with an Important Antimicrobial Potential. Foods 2024; 13:1129. [PMID: 38611432 PMCID: PMC11011300 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staka is a traditional Greek sour cream made mostly from spontaneously fermented sheep milk or a mixture of sheep and goat milk. At the industrial scale, cream separators and starter cultures may also be used. Staka is sometimes cooked with flour to absorb most of the fat. In this study, we employed culture-based techniques, amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomics to analyze the Staka microbiome for the first time. The samples were dominated by Lactococcus or Leuconostoc spp. Most other bacteria were lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera or Gram-negative bacteria from the Buttiauxella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Hafnia genera. Debaryomyces, Kluyveromyces, or Alternaria were the most prevalent genera in the samples, followed by other yeasts and molds like Saccharomyces, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Stemphylium, Coniospotium, or Cladosporium spp. Shotgun metagenomics allowed the species-level identification of Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Streptococcus parauberis, and Enterococcus durans. Binning of assembled shotgun reads followed by recruitment plot analysis of single reads could determine near-complete metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses were in overall agreement with some distinct differences. For example, lactococci could not be isolated, presumably because they had entered a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state or because they were dead. Finally, several LAB, Hafnia paralvei, and Pseudomonas spp. isolates exhibited antimicrobial activities against oral or other pathogenic streptococci, and certain spoilage and pathogenic bacteria establishing their potential role in food bio-protection or new biomedical applications. Our study may pave the way for additional studies concerning artisanal sour creams to better understand the factors affecting their production and the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Georgalaki
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
| | - Rania Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
| | - Athanasia-Maria Alexandropoulou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
| | - Eugenia Manolopoulou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
| | - Georgia Zoumpopoulou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
| | - Effie Tsakalidou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (R.A.); (A.-M.A.); (E.M.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
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Tola EH. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Characterization of Listeria Spp. Isolated from Various Sources in Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review. Vet Med (Auckl) 2024; 15:109-116. [PMID: 38601062 PMCID: PMC11005847 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s451837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Listeriosis is an important foodborne zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals in Ethiopia. This review aims to synthesize the epidemiology, prevalence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species in the country. The literature reveals a widespread occurrence of Listeria infection in humans, animals, and food products, with an average prevalence of 21.6% for Listeria species and 6.9% for L. monocytogenes. Three sequence types (STs) of L. monocytogenes (2, 145, and 18) and twelve STs of L. innocua (1489, 1619, 603, 537, 1010, 3186, 492, 3007, 1087, 474, 1008, and 637) were reported from milk and dairy products. Contamination rates ranged from 4.1% to 42.9% across livestock, dairy, slaughterhouses, and processing facilities, indicating faults in production practices. Sporadic human listeriosis outbreaks have occurred since 1967, causing meningitis, perinatal infections, and deaths, with recent studies showing L. monocytogenes isolation in up to 10.4% of febrile patients, confirming foodborne transmission. Non-pathogenic Listeria species were also common on farms and in facilities. Ovine listeriosis poses a threat to Ethiopia's sheep and goat industries, with over 40% seroprevalence in some herds. Comprehensive control measures across the food chain are needed to curb contamination and protect public health. Isolates from various foods show antibiotic resistance to first-line agents but susceptibility to others like gentamicin and cephalosporins. In conclusion, this review synthesizes evidence on Listeria distribution in Ethiopia's food system and disease burden, highlighting the need for improved food safety policies and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Hirpa Tola
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Buffoni L, Cano-Terriza D, Jiménez-Martín D, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Martínez-Moreno Á, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Zafra R, Pérez-Caballero R, Risalde MÁ, Gómez-Guillamón F, García-Bocanegra I. Serosurveillance of Trichinella sp. in wild boar and Iberian domestic suids in Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:191-199. [PMID: 38009293 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trichinella spp. exposure in wild boar and Iberian domestic pigs from Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum samples from 1360 wild boar and 439 Iberian domestic pigs were obtained during 2015-2020, from regions where Iberian pigs are raised under extensive conditions, hence sharing habitat with wild boar. Seropositivity was found in 7.4% (100/1360; 95% CI: 6.1-8.9) of the wild boar analysed. In this species, the individual seroprevalence ranged from 3.6% (8/223) (hunting season 2016-2017) to 11.4% (37/326) (2018-2019). A significant higher seropositivity was observed during the hunting season 2018-2019 (p < 0.009: OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.32-7.18) and one statistically significant cluster was detected within the studied area, in south central Andalusia [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.9; p = 0.037]. Females showed a significantly higher seroprevalence than males (8.7% vs. 5.8%) (p < 0.001: OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.08-2.32). No seropositivity to Trichinella spp. was detected in Iberian domestic pigs (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.9). CONCLUSIONS Although wild boar play an important role as a reservoir of Trichinella sp. in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain, our results suggest that the wild boar production system does not seem to pose a risk of Trichinella exposure to domestic pigs, despite sharing habitats in these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO)-Laboratório Associado (InBIO), Vairão, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del SIDA, Fundación IrsiCaixa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Risalde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica en Fauna Silvestre (PVE), Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Dinas S, Diakou A, Vasiliadis K, Chaintoutis SC, Massa E, Konstantinou GN, Totsi A, Xakis A, Papavasiliou C. First Case of Human Anisakiosis in Greece: Acute Invasive Infection Mimicking Peritoneal Malignancy. Pathogens 2024; 13:149. [PMID: 38392887 PMCID: PMC10891913 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of raw and mildly processed seafood, in the context of modern Western world eating trends, is recognized as a major driver for human fish-borne infections. However, these zoonoses and their unfamiliar risks remain neglected and underappreciated among European diagnosticians. In contemporary Europe anisakidosis is one of the most important fish-borne zoonoses. It is caused by ingesting the third-stage infective larvae of the nematode parasites that belong to the family Anisakidae. The case described herein, is an intestinal and ectopic form of anisakiosis (Anisakis spp.), causing symptoms of subacute abdomen and masquerading as an intraperitoneal malignancy. It is the first anisakidosis case reported in Greece, affecting a young patient who had been repeatedly exposed to the parasite by consuming homemade raw fish. Right hemicolectomy, omentectomy and excision of a descending colon nodule were uneventfully performed. The pathology report confirmed granulomatous tissue with eosinophilic infiltration and parasites that were morphologically and molecularly identified as Anisakis spp. Although challenging, acquiring an accurate diagnosis of anisakidosis can prevent unnecessary surgery, as the infection typically is self-resolving, and if treatment is deemed necessary, it can be limited to antiparasitic medication. However, in rare cases, extra-gastrointestinal migration of larvae can cause severe damage with practically unknown risks, posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. In such a clinical case scenario, surgical exploration can decisively contribute to a definitive diagnosis and early identification of intraabdominal complications necessitating surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Dinas
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (K.V.); (A.T.); (A.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Anastasia Diakou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vasiliadis
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (K.V.); (A.T.); (A.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Serafeim C. Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Massa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George N. Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Albion Totsi
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (K.V.); (A.T.); (A.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Athanasios Xakis
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (K.V.); (A.T.); (A.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Christos Papavasiliou
- Surgical Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (K.V.); (A.T.); (A.X.); (C.P.)
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Leão C, Silveira L, Usié A, Gião J, Clemente L, Themudo P, Amaro A, Pista A. Genetic Diversity of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Human and Non-Human Sources in Portugal. Pathogens 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38392849 PMCID: PMC10892295 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the leading causes of foodborne infections associated with broilers and laying hens. Portugal has had the lowest notification rates of salmonellosis in recent years, due to the vaccinations of layer and breeder flocks and strict compliance with biosecurity measures. However, data about the genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis in Portugal are scarce. In this study, 102 S. Enteritidis isolates selected from human (n = 63) and non-human sources (n = 39) were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing. The S. Enteritidis population was mainly resistant to fluoroquinolones, and a sole isolate showed resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. ST11 was the most frequent sequence type, and three novel STs from human isolates (ST9236, ST4457, and ST9995) were assigned. Several Salmonella pathogenic islands (SPI) and Putative SPI were present in the genomes, namely SPI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14, C63PI, CS54_island, and 170 virulence genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains from Portugal are genetically heterogeneous regarding sample type, collection date, and genetic content. This study increases the available data, essential to a better characterization of strains in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.G.); (L.C.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Usié
- Department of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal;
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Joana Gião
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.G.); (L.C.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.G.); (L.C.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia Themudo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.G.); (L.C.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.G.); (L.C.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Mejía L, Espinosa-Mata E, Freire AL, Zapata S, González-Candelas F. Listeria monocytogenes, a silent foodborne pathogen in Ecuador. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278860. [PMID: 38179446 PMCID: PMC10764610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can produce serious, even fatal, infections. Among other foods, it can be found in unpasteurized dairy and ready-to-eat products. Surveillance of L. monocytogenes is of great interest since sources of infection are difficult to determine due to the long incubation period, and because the symptoms of listeriosis are similar to other diseases. We performed a genomic study of L. monocytogenes isolated from fresh cheeses and clinical samples from Ecuador. Sixty-five isolates were evaluated and sequenced, 14 isolates from cheese samples and 20 from clinical listeriosis cases from the National Institute of National Institute of Public Health Research, and 31 isolates from artisanal cheese samples from 8 provinces. All isolates exhibited heterogeneous patterns of the presence of pathogenicity islands. All isolates exhibited at least 4 genes from LIPI-1, but all references (26 L. monocytogenes closed genomes available in the NCBI database) showed the complete island, which encompasses 5 genes but is present in only two Ecuadorian isolates. Most isolates lacked gene actA. Genes from LIPI-2 were absent in all isolates. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were present in only a few references and isolates. With respect to the stress survival islets, our samples either presented SSI-1 or SSI-F2365, except for one isolate that presented SSI-F2365 and also one gene from SSI-1. None of the samples presented SSI-2. The predominant ST (sequence type) was ST2 (84.62% 55/65), and the only ST found in food (93.33% 42/45) and clinical samples (65% 13/20). Isolates were not grouped according to their sampling origin, date, or place in a phylogenetic tree obtained from the core alignment. The presence of ST2 in food and clinical samples, with high genomic similarity, suggests a foodborne infection risk linked to the consumption of fresh cheeses in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mejía
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Espinosa-Mata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Lucía Freire
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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McFarlane JA, Hansen EG, Ortega EC, Iskender I, Noireaux V, Bowden SD. A ToxIN homolog from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis impairs bacteriophage infection. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad299. [PMID: 38059866 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if the bacteriophage abortive infection system ToxIN is present in foodborne Salmonella and if it protects against infection by bacteriophages specific to enteric bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis isolates from a 2010 eggshell outbreak was identified via BLASTN (basic local alignment search tool nucleotide) queries as harboring a close homolog of ToxIN, carried on a plasmid with putative mobilization proteins. This homolog was cloned into a plasmid vector and transformed into the laboratory strain Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and tested against a set of Salmonella-specific phages (FelixO1, S16, Sp6, LPST153, and P22 HT105/1 int-201). ToxIN reduced infection by FelixO1, S16, and LPST153 by ∼1-4 log PFU ml-1 while reducing the plaque size of Sp6. When present in LT2 and Escherichia coli MG1655, ToxIN conferred cross-genus protection against phage isolates, which infect both bacteria. Finally, the putative ToxIN plasmid was found in whole-genome sequence contigs of several Salmonella serovars, pathogenic E. coli, and other pathogenic enterobacteria. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella and E. coli can resist infection by several phages via ToxIN under laboratory conditions; ToxIN is present in foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McFarlane
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eleanore G Hansen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Estephany C Ortega
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Irem Iskender
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven D Bowden
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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9
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Gu W, Cui Z, Stroika S, Carleton HA, Conrad A, Katz LS, Richardson LC, Hunter J, Click ES, Bruce BB. Predicting Food Sources of Listeria monocytogenes Based on Genomic Profiling Using Random Forest Model. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:579-586. [PMID: 37699246 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe foodborne illness, including miscarriage during pregnancy or death in newborn infants. When outbreaks of L. monocytogenes illness occur, it may be possible to determine the food source of the outbreak. However, most reported L. monocytogenes illnesses do not occur as part of a recognized outbreak and most of the time the food source of sporadic L. monocytogenes illness in people cannot be determined. In the United States, L. monocytogenes isolates from patients, foods, and environments are routinely sequenced and analyzed by whole genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) for outbreak detection by PulseNet, the national molecular surveillance system for foodborne illnesses. We investigated whether machine learning approaches applied to wgMLST allele call data could assist in attribution analysis of food source of L. monocytogenes isolates. We compiled isolates with a known source from five food categories (dairy, fruit, meat, seafood, and vegetable) using the metadata of L. monocytogenes isolates in PulseNet, deduplicated closely genetically related isolates, and developed random forest models to predict the food sources of isolates. Prediction accuracy of the final model varied across the food categories; it was highest for meat (65%), followed by fruit (45%), vegetable (45%), dairy (44%), and seafood (37%); overall accuracy was 49%, compared with the naive prediction accuracy of 28%. Our results show that random forest can be used to capture genetically complex features of high-resolution wgMLST for attribution of isolates to their sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Gu
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Cui
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven Stroika
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather A Carleton
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda Conrad
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lee S Katz
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - LaTonia C Richardson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Hunter
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eleanor S Click
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beau B Bruce
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Ndobeni TN, Magwedere K, Qekwana DN. Prevalence of Salmonella species and factors associated with contamination of mechanically recovered poultry meat imported into South Africa, 2016-2017. Vet World 2023; 16:2236-2243. [PMID: 38152258 PMCID: PMC10750738 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2236-2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mechanically recovered meat (MRM) products have been linked to outbreaks of human salmonellosis. However, no studies have investigated the prevalence of Salmonella species in MRM products in South Africa despite the products being imported. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with Salmonella spp. contamination of mechanically recovered poultry meat (MRPM) imported into South Africa. Materials and Methods This study used secondary data of MRPM consignments imported through a port entry into South Africa from May 2016 to December 2017. Crude and factor-specific proportions of Salmonella positive MRPM and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association among country, season, importer, year, and MRPM Salmonella status. Results A total of 8127 MRPM consignments were imported. Seventeen percentages (17.18%, 985/5733) of consignments tested positive for Salmonella species and only 364 isolates were serotyped. Salmonella Heidelberg (73.90%, 269/364) was the most common serotype followed by Salmonella Infantis (6.59%, 24/364), Salmonella Salamae (4.67%, 17/364), and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (3.57%, 13/364). The odds of a consignment testing positive for Salmonella spp. was higher among consignments from country-B (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.958, p < 0.0001) compared to "All others." The odds of testing positive for Salmonella were also higher among consignments imported in autumn (OR: 1.488, p < 0.0001) but lower among those imported in spring (OR: 0.767, p = 0.0004) and summer (OR: 0.843, p < 0.0001) when compared to the winter season. Consignments imported in 2016 compared to 2017 were 1.563 times (p < 0.0001) as likely to test positive for a Salmonella species. Conclusion Salmonella species were reported in MRPM consignments in this study with Salmonella Heidelberg being the most common serotype. Furthermore, some Salmonella serotypes reported in this study have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. Country of origin, season, and year of importation were significantly associated with the odds of a consignment testing positive for Salmonella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandile Nwabisa Ndobeni
- Section of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Land Reform and Rural Development, South Africa
| | - Daniel Nenene Qekwana
- Section of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Zhu Q, Hu J, Liu N, Qi H, Du X, Cui Z, Sun Y, Liu Y, Hu S, Wu L, Zhou H, He Z, Ma J. Large-scale genomic survey and characterization of mcr genes carried by foodborne Cronobacter isolates. mSystems 2023; 8:e0045023. [PMID: 37695127 PMCID: PMC10654070 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00450-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cronobacter is an emerging foodborne opportunistic pathogen, which can cause neonatal meningitis, bacteremia, and NEC by contaminating food. However, the entire picture of foodborne Cronobacter carriage of the mcr genes is not known. Here, we investigated the mcr genes of Cronobacter isolates by whole-genome sequencing and found 133 previously undescribed Cronobacter isolates carrying mcr genes. Further genomic analysis revealed that these mcr genes mainly belonged to the mcr-9 and mcr-10. Genomic analysis of the flanking structures of mcr genes revealed that two core flanking structures were prevalent in foodborne Cronobacter isolates, and the flanking structure carrying IS1R was found for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zhu
- School of Engineering Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, Hebei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Jinrui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Heyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Zilong He
- School of Engineering Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
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12
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Garvey M. Foodborne Clostridioides Species: Pathogenicity, Virulence and Biocontrol Options. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2483. [PMID: 37894141 PMCID: PMC10609181 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides species possess many virulence factors and alarming levels of muti-drug resistance which make them a significant risk to public health safety and a causative agent of livestock disease. Clostridioides result in serious systemic and gastrointestinal diseases such as myonecrosis, colitis, food poisoning and gastroenteritis. As foodborne pathogens, Clostridioides species are associated with significant incidences of morbidity and mortality where the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics predisposes patients to virulent Clostridioides colonisation. As part of the One Health approach, there is an urgent need to eliminate the use of antibiotics in food production to safeguard animals, humans and the environment. Alternative options are warranted to control foodborne pathogens at all stages of food production. Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages have demonstrated efficacy against Clostridioides species and may offer antimicrobial biocontrol options. The bacteriocin nisin, for example, has been implemented as a biopreservative for the control of Listeria, Staphylococcus and Clostridia species in food. Bacteriophage preparations have also gained recognition for the antibacterial action against highly virulent bacterial species including foodborne pathogens. Studies are warranted to mitigate the formulation and administration limitations associated with the application of such antimicrobials as biocontrol strategies. This review outlines foodborne Clostridioides species, their virulence factors, and potential biocontrol options for application in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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13
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Khan MA, Bruce BB, Bottichio L, Wise M. A Bayesian Method for Exposure Prevalence Comparison During Foodborne Disease Outbreak Investigations. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:414-418. [PMID: 37578455 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC and health departments investigate foodborne disease outbreaks to identify a source. To generate and test hypotheses about vehicles, investigators typically compare exposure prevalence among case-patients with the general population using a one-sample binomial test. We propose a Bayesian alternative that also accounts for uncertainty in the estimate of exposure prevalence in the reference population. We compared exposure prevalence in a 2020 outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 illnesses linked to leafy greens with 2018-2019 FoodNet Population Survey estimates. We ran prospective simulations using our Bayesian approach at three time points during the investigation. The posterior probability that leafy green consumption prevalence was higher than the general population prevalence increased as additional case-patients were interviewed. Probabilities were >0.70 for multiple leafy green items 2 weeks before the exact binomial p-value was statistically significant. A Bayesian approach to assessing exposure prevalence among cases could be superior to the one-sample binomial test typically used during foodborne outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Khan
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beau B Bruce
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lyndsay Bottichio
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew Wise
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Gómez-Galindo M, Truchado P, Allende A, Gil MI. Optimization of the Use of a Commercial Phage-Based Product as a Control Strategy of Listeria monocytogenes in the Fresh-Cut Industry. Foods 2023; 12:3171. [PMID: 37685104 PMCID: PMC10487045 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A commercial phage biocontrol for reducing Listeria monocytogenes has been described as an effective tool for improving fresh produce safety. Critical challenges in the phage application must be overcome for the industrial application. The validation studies were performed in two processing lines of two industry collaborators in Spain and Denmark, using shredded iceberg lettuce as the ready-to-eat (RTE), high process volume product. The biocontrol treatment optimized in lab-scale trials for the application of PhageGuard ListexTM was confirmed in industrial settings by four tests, two in Spain and two in Denmark. Results showed that the method of application that included the device and the processing operation step was appropriate for the proper application. The proper dose of Phage Guard ListexTM was reached in shredded iceberg lettuce and the surface was adequately covered for the successful application of phages. There was no impact on the headspace gas composition (CO2 and O2 levels), nor on the color when untreated and treated samples were compared. The post-process treatment with PhageGuard ListexTM did not cause any detrimental impact on the sensory quality, including flavor, texture, browning, spoilage, and visual appearance over the shelf-life as the phage solution was applied as a fine, mist solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria I. Gil
- Research Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables, Food Science & Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.T.); (A.A.)
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15
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Almansour AM, Alhadlaq MA, Alzahrani KO, Mukhtar LE, Alharbi AL, Alajel SM. The Silent Threat: Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Food-Producing Animals and Their Impact on Public Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2127. [PMID: 37763971 PMCID: PMC10537193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem without geographic boundaries. This increases the risk of complications and, thus, makes it harder to treat infections, which can result in higher healthcare costs and a greater number of deaths. Antimicrobials are often used to treat infections from pathogens in food-producing animals, making them a potential source of AMR. Overuse and misuse of these drugs in animal agriculture can lead to the development of AMR bacteria, which can then be transmitted to humans through contaminated food or direct contact. It is therefore essential to take multifaceted, comprehensive, and integrated measures, following the One Health approach. To address this issue, many countries have implemented regulations to limit antimicrobial use. To our knowledge, there are previous studies based on AMR in food-producing animals; however, this paper adds novelty related to the AMR pathogens in livestock, as we include the recent publications of this field worldwide. In this work, we aim to describe the most critical and high-risk AMR pathogens among food-producing animals, as a worldwide health problem. We also focus on the dissemination of AMR genes in livestock, as well as its consequences in animals and humans, and future strategies to tackle this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayidh M. Almansour
- Molecular Biology Division, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (K.O.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Meshari A. Alhadlaq
- Molecular Biology Division, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (K.O.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Khaloud O. Alzahrani
- Molecular Biology Division, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (K.O.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Lenah E. Mukhtar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulmohsen L. Alharbi
- Molecular Biology Division, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (K.O.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Sulaiman M. Alajel
- Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang H, Zhang L, Shang W, Li Z, Song L, Li T, Cheng M, Zhang C, Zhao Q, Shen S, Cui M. Molecular Surveillance of MRSA in Raw Milk Provides Insight into MRSA Cross Species Evolution. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0031123. [PMID: 37260406 PMCID: PMC10433870 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00311-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in foods has been associated with severe infections in humans and animals worldwide. In the present study, the molecular characteristics of livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and human-associated MRSA (hMRSA) isolates obtained in China, as well as MRSA isolates obtained from raw milk in 2018, were investigated. In total, 343 (20.38%; 343/1,683) S. aureus isolates were obtained from 1,683 raw milk samples from 100 dairy farms in 11 provinces across China. Among these, 49 (2.91%; 49/1,683) were mecA-positive MRSA. All LA-MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin and highly resistant to erythromycin, sulfisoxazole, and clindamycin. Bioinformatic analysis the 49 genomes of LA-MRSA and 71 previously published hMRSA genomes isolated from Chinese individuals in 2018 indicated that blaZ, erm, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, tet(K), cat, and aph(2″)-Ia were more prevalent in MRSA from raw milk (P < 0.05) compared to hMRSA. Additionally, hMRSA isolates were more significantly associated with ST5 (P < 0.01) compared to LA-MRSA; in contrast, ST338 was more prevalent among LA-MRSA isolates (P < 0.01). Likewise, the SCCmec type II was only detected in hMRSA isolates, whereas SCCmec type V and IV were more prevalent among LA-MRSA (P < 0.01). Furthermore, core-genome phylogenetic analysis showed the endemic characteristics of LA-MRSA in local provinces, as well as the close evolutionary relationships between MRSA from cattle and humans. Finally, homology analysis of mecA and blaZ genetic contexts revealed a high possibility of horizontal transmission of MRSA resistance genes among raw milk-associated and hMRSA strains, which increases the risk for public health. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered a public health concern as it is resistant to multiple antibiotics, thus being in zoonotic transmission of antibiotic resistance genes. MRSA causes serious public health issues and leads to hard-to-treat infections in humans and animals; therefore, it was meaningful to determine the prevalence of MRSA in raw milk samples and investigate phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics in livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and human-associated MRSA (hMRSA) in China, which could provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the spread of MRSA between livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Standardization, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shang
- No.988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Cheng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Shen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital (Group) Ludong Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Cui
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Konganti K, Reed E, Mammel M, Kayikcioglu T, Binet R, Jarvis K, Ferreira CM, Bell RL, Zheng J, Windsor AM, Ottesen A, Grim CJ, Ramachandran P. bettercallsal: better calling of Salmonella serotypes from enrichment cultures using shotgun metagenomic profiling and its application in an outbreak setting. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200983. [PMID: 37601366 PMCID: PMC10434220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current Salmonella subtyping analyses rely on whole genome sequencing (WGS), which focuses on the high-resolution analysis of single genomes or multiple single genomes from the isolated colonies on microbiological agar plates. In this study, we introduce bioinformatics innovations for a metagenomic outbreak response workflow that accurately identifies multiple Salmonella serovars at the same time. bettercallsal is one of the first analysis tools to identify multiple Salmonella enterica serotypes from metagenomic or quasi-metagenomic datasets with high accuracy, allowing these isolate-independent methods to be incorporated into surveillance and root cause investigations. It was tested on an in silico benchmark dataset comprising 29 unique Salmonella serovars, 46 non-Salmonella bacterial genomes, and 10 viral genomes at varying read depths and on previously well-characterized and sequenced non-selective primary and selective enrichments of papaya and peach samples from separate outbreak investigations that resulted in the identification of multiple Salmonella serovars using traditional isolate culturing and WGS as well as nucleic acid assays. Analyses were also conducted on these datasets using a custom-built k-mer tool, SeqSero2, and Kallisto to compare serotype calling to bettercallsal. The in silico dataset analyzed with bettercallsal achieved the maximum precision, recall, and accuracy of 100, 83, and 94%, respectively. In the papaya outbreak samples, bettercallsal identified the presence of multiple serovars in agreement with the Luminex® xMAP assay results and also identified more serovars per sample, as evidenced by NCBI SNP clustering. In peach outbreak samples, bettercallsal identified two serovars in concordance with k-mer analysis and the Luminex xMAP assay. The genome hit reported by bettercallsal clustered with the chicken isolate genome, as reported by the FDA peach outbreak investigation from sequenced isolates (WGS). Overall, bettercallsal outperformed k-mer, Seqsero2, and Kallisto in identifying multiple serovars from enrichment cultures using shotgun metagenomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Konganti
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Reed
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mark Mammel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Tunc Kayikcioglu
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Binet
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Karen Jarvis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Christina M. Ferreira
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Bell
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Amanda M. Windsor
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Ottesen
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
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18
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Barkham T, Tang WY, Wang YC, Sithithaworn P, Kopolrat KY, Worasith C. Human Fecal Carriage of Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 283, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1627-1629. [PMID: 37486205 PMCID: PMC10370859 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) sequence type 283 bacteremia, found almost exclusively in Southeast Asia, is associated with consuming raw freshwater fish, but some patients deny consumption. We detected fecal carriage in 5/184 (2.7%) persons in northeast Thailand. Human carriers might contribute to transmission or be the original source of this sequence type.
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19
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Hamad GM, Gerges M, Mehany T, Hussein SM, Eskander M, Tawfik RG, El-Halmouch Y, Mansour AM, Hafez EE, Esatbeyoglu T, Elghazaly EM. Estimating the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in Chicken and Its Control via Sorghum Extracts. Pathogens 2023; 12:958. [PMID: 37513805 PMCID: PMC10385792 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative bacterium which is considered as the most reported cause of foodborne infection, especially for poultry species. The object of this work is to evaluate the occurrence of C. jejuni in chicken meat as well its control via three types of sorghum extracts (white sorghum (WS), yellow sorghum (YS), and red sorghum (RS)); antibacterial activity, antioxidant power, and cytotoxicity of sorghum extracts were also assessed. It was found that C. jejuni is very abundant in chicken meat, especially breast and thigh. WS extract showed more effectiveness than both yellow and red ones. Lyophilized WS extract offered high total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and total flavonoid compounds (TFCs) of 64.2 ± 0.8 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and 33.9 ± 0.4 mg catechol equivalent (CE)/g, respectively. Concerning the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, WS showed high and significant antibacterial activity (p < 0.001); hence, WS displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25%, and revealed an inhibition zone of 7.8 ± 0.3 mm; it also showed an IC50 at a concentration of 34.6 μg/mL. In our study, different samples of chicken fillet were collected and inoculated with pathogenic C. jejuni and stored at 4 °C. Inoculated samples were treated with lyophilized WS extract at (2%, 4%, and 6%), the 2% treatment showed a full reduction in C. jejuni on the 10th day, the 4% treatment showed a full reduction in C. jejuni on the 8th day, while the 6% treatment showed a full reduction in C. jejuni on the 6th day. Additionally, 2%, 4%, and 6% WS extracts were applied on un-inoculated grilled chicken fillet, which enhanced its sensory attributes. In sum, WS extract is a promising natural preservative for chicken meat with accepted sensory evaluation results thanks to its high antibacterial and antioxidant potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M Hamad
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Mariam Gerges
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Taha Mehany
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Saleh M Hussein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Michael Eskander
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Rasha G Tawfik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Halmouch
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Mansour
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eman M Elghazaly
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh 51511, Egypt
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20
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Zwe YH, Li D. Pathogenic and transmissional potentials of a Chromobacterium haemolyticum isolate from a hydroponic farm. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad149. [PMID: 37442627 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the in vitro pathogenicity of Chromobacterium haemolyticum strain WI5 toward the intestinal tract, its resistance to water treatments, and its potential for foodborne transmission through leafy greens produced in hydroponic systems. METHODS AND RESULTS C. haemolyticum WI5 caused cytopathic effects in human colon cells HCT116 and exhibited an 8.2-fold higher cell attachment compared to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. It showed comparable resistance to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ultraviolet (UV) treatments as Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but was more susceptible to desiccation. On lettuce, C. haemolyticum WI5 failed to persist, with counts decreasing below the detection limit (≥4 log reductions) after 3 and 2 days at 4 and 25°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS C. haemolyticum WI5 demonstrated considerable virulence features and high in vitro pathogenicity toward the intestinal tract. NaOCl and UV treatments were effective in disinfecting C. haemolyticum in water. Due to its high susceptibility to desiccation and poor survivability on lettuce, the foodborne transmission potential of C. haemolyticum is considered limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Htut Zwe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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21
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Hirshfeld B, Lavelle K, Lee KY, Atwill ER, Kiang D, Bolkenov B, Gaa M, Li Z, Yu A, Li X, Yang X. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. in retail shrimp in Northern California. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192769. [PMID: 37455729 PMCID: PMC10338826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most consumed seafood products globally. Antimicrobial drugs play an integral role in disease mitigation in aquaculture settings, but their prevalent use raises public health concerns on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Vibrio spp., as the most common causative agents of seafood-borne infections in humans, and Enterococcus spp., as an indicator organism, are focal bacteria of interest for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in seafood. In this study, 400 samples of retail shrimp were collected from randomly selected grocery stores in the Greater Sacramento, California, area between September 2019 and June 2020. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. was 60.25% (241/400) and 89.75% (359/400), respectively. Subsamples of Vibrio (n = 110) and Enterococcus (n = 110) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Vibrio isolates had high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (52/110, 47.27%) and cefoxitin (39/110, 35.45%). Enterococcus were most frequently resistant to lincomycin (106/110, 96.36%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (96/110, 87.27%), ciprofloxacin (93/110, 84.55%), linezolid (86/110, 78.18%), and erythromycin (58/110, 52.73%). For both Vibrio and Enterococcus, no significant associations were observed between multidrug resistance (MDR, resistance to ≥3 drug classes) in isolates from farm raised and wild caught shrimp (p > 0.05) and in isolates of domestic and imported origin (p > 0.05). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a subset of Vibrio isolates (n = 42) speciated isolates as primarily V. metschnikovii (24/42; 57.14%) and V. parahaemolyticus (12/42; 28.57%), and detected 27 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across these isolates, most commonly qnrVC6 (19.05%, 8/42), dfrA31 (11.90%, 5/42), dfrA6 (9.5%, 4/42), qnrVC1 (9.5%, 4/42). Additionally, WGS predicted phenotypic resistance in Vibrio isolates with an overall sensitivity of 11.54% and specificity of 96.05%. This study provides insights on the prevalence and distribution of AMR in Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. from retail shrimp in California which are important for food safety and public health and exemplifies the value of surveillance in monitoring the spread of AMR and its genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Hirshfeld
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kurtis Lavelle
- Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Katie Yen Lee
- Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Edward Robert Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David Kiang
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Bakytzhan Bolkenov
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Megan Gaa
- Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhirong Li
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Alice Yu
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Xunde Li
- Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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22
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Aladhadh M. A Review of Modern Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1111. [PMID: 37317085 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in food preservation techniques and food safety, significant disease outbreaks linked to foodborne pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses still occur worldwide indicating that these pathogens still constitute significant risks to public health. Although extensive reviews of methods for foodborne pathogens detection exist, most are skewed towards bacteria despite the increasing relevance of other pathogens such as viruses. Therefore, this review of foodborne pathogen detection methods is holistic, focusing on pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review has shown that culture-based methods allied with new approaches are beneficial for the detection of foodborne pathogens. The current application of immunoassay methods, especially for bacterial and fungal toxins detection in foods, are reviewed. The use and benefits of nucleic acid-based PCR methods and next-generation sequencing-based methods for bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens' detection and their toxins in foods are also reviewed. This review has, therefore, shown that different modern methods exist for the detection of current and emerging foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. It provides further evidence that the full utilization of these tools can lead to early detection and control of foodborne diseases, enhancing public health and reducing the frequency of disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aladhadh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Teklemariam AD, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Alghamdi MA, Filimban AAR, Al Mutiri AS, Al-Alyani AM, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Albar AH, Khormi MA, Bhunia AK. Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091756. [PMID: 37174295 PMCID: PMC10178548 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a worldwide public health threat. Salmonella enterica is the most pathogenic among Salmonella species, comprising over 2500 serovars. It causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, and the serovars responsible for the later disease are known as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Salmonella transmission to humans happens along the farm-to-fork continuum via contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods, including poultry, eggs, fish, pork, beef, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and flour. Several virulence factors have been recognized to play a vital role in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. These factors include capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems that are encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. The increased global prevalence of NTS serovars in recent years indicates that the control approaches centered on alleviating the food animals' contamination along the food chain have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella variants suggests a potential food safety crisis. This review summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the nomenclature, microbiological features, virulence factors, and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Salmonella infections. The recent outbreaks of salmonellosis reported in different clinical settings and geographical regions, including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the USA in the farm-to-fork continuum, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed S Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A R Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Mutiri
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 12843, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alyani
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Jeddah 22311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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24
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Harding-Crooks R, Smith D, Fanning S, Fox EM. Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated resistance determinants through global food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023. [PMID: 37083194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are a critical component of modern healthcare systems, fulfilling a core function in patient care and improving individual patient outcomes and consequently overall public health. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial interventions is being consistently eroded by the emergence and dissemination of various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. One highly valued class of antimicrobial compounds is carbapenems, which retain efficacy in treating most multidrug-resistant infections and are considered "last line" agents. Therefore, recent trends in proliferation of carbapenem resistance (CR) via dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family pose a significant threat to public health. While much of the focus relating to this has been on nosocomial environments, community-acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections and their associated transmission routes are less well studied. Among these community-associated vectors, the role of food chains and contaminated foods is important, since Enterobacteriaceae occupy niches within these settings. This review examines foodborne CPE transmission by exploring how interactions within and between food, the food chain, and agriculture not only promote and disseminate CPE, but also create reservoirs of mobile genetic elements that may lead to further carbapenemase gene proliferation both within and between microbial communities. Additionally, recent developments regarding the global occurrence and molecular epidemiology of CPEs in food chains will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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25
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Akel M, Sakr F, Haddad C, Hajj A, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Safwan J, Salameh P. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of the General Population toward the Old-New Outbreak of Cholera in a Developing Country. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040236. [PMID: 37104361 PMCID: PMC10144007 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In October 2022, the first case of cholera since 1993 was recorded in Lebanon. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward cholera infection and its prevention among the general population in Lebanon and identify the associated factors related to the KAP assessment to guide prevention and awareness strategies. The nation's already precarious healthcare system might become overwhelmed by the response to the cholera outbreak. Therefore, evaluating the level of cholera-related KAP among the Lebanese population is crucial since it directly affects the disease's treatment, control, and prevention. Methods: This online cross-sectional study was carried out between October and November 2022 during the cholera outbreak in Lebanon. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 448 adults living in Lebanon. Results: The suggested KAP scales had adequate structural and convergent validity and were internally consistent. The disease knowledge was inversely associated with the reluctance to receive educational information (β = -1.58) and cigarette smoking (β = -1.31) but positively associated with the female gender (β = 1.74) and awareness of vaccine availability and efficacy (β = 1.34). For attitude, healthcare professionals were less frightened than others (β = 2.69). Better practices were related to better knowledge (β = 0.43), while inadequate practices were associated with getting information from social media (β = -2.47). Conclusions: This study could identify notable gaps in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which varied according to participant characteristics. Cholera incidence can be reduced by improved community education and training, increased access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene amenities, and changes in behavior. These findings warrant additional actions by public health stakeholders and governmental authorities to promote better practices and curb disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- UMR U955 INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec G1S 4L8, Canada
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut P.O. Box 1107-2180, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut P.O. Box 11-2807, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath P.O. Box 6573-14, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, United States
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Merghni A, Hamdi H, Ben Abdallah M, Al-Hasawi ZM, Al-Quwaie DA, Abid-Essefi S. Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Foodborne Pathogenic Strains and Assessment of Their Adhesion Ability and Cytotoxic Effects in HCT-116 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050974. [PMID: 36900491 PMCID: PMC10001405 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the high-threat pathogens equipped with a repertoire of virulence factors making it responsible for many infections in humans, including foodborne diseases. The present study aims to characterize antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in foodborne S. aureus isolates, and to investigate their cytotoxic effects in human intestinal cells (HCT-116). Our results revealed methicillin resistance phenotypes (MRSA) along with the detection of mecA gene (20%) among tested foodborne S. aureus strains. Furthermore, 40% of tested isolates showed a strong ability for adhesion and biofilm formation. A high rate of exoenzymes production by tested bacteria was also registered. Additionally, treatment with S. aureus extracts leads to a significant decrease in HCT-116 cell viability, accompanied by a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Thereby, S. aureus food poisoning remains daunting and needs particular concern to prevent foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Zaki M. Al-Hasawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana A. Al-Quwaie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Alarcón-Linares ME, Moreno-Docón A, Pérez-Serna L, Camacho J, Rodriguez DS, Gutiérrez-Martín ML, Broncano-Lavado A, Echevarria JE, Cabrerizo M, Fernández-García MD. Rare Recombinant GI.5[P4] Norovirus That Caused a Large Foodborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in a Hotel in Spain in 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0485722. [PMID: 36809021 PMCID: PMC10100975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04857-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are among the most important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In summer 2021, a large outbreak of norovirus infections affecting 163 patients, including 15 norovirus-confirmed food handlers, occurred in a hotel in Murcia in southeast Spain. A rare GI.5[P4] norovirus strain was identified as the cause of the outbreak. The epidemiological investigation determined that norovirus transmission might have been initiated through an infected food handler. The food safety inspection found that some symptomatic food handlers continued working during illness. Molecular investigation with whole-genome and ORF1 sequencing provided enhanced genetic discrimination over ORF2 sequencing alone and enabled differentiation of the GI.5[P4] strains into separate subclusters, suggesting different chains of transmission. These recombinant viruses have been identified circulating globally over the last 5 years, warranting further global surveillance. IMPORTANCE Due to the large genetic diversity of noroviruses, it is important to enhance the discriminatory power of typing techniques to differentiate strains when investigating outbreaks and elucidating transmission chains. This study highlights the importance of (i) using whole-genome sequencing to ensure genetic differentiation of GI noroviruses to track chains of transmission during outbreak investigations and (ii) the adherence of symptomatic food handlers to work exclusion rules and strict hand hygiene practices. To our knowledge, this study provides the first full-length genome sequences of GI.5[P4] strains apart from the prototype strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Moreno-Docón
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB—Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Camacho
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Broncano-Lavado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria—Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Emilio Echevarria
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cabrerizo
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Fernández-García
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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García-Díez J, Saraiva S, Moura D, Grispoldi L, Cenci-Goga BT, Saraiva C. The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:167. [PMID: 36851472 PMCID: PMC9959654 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
From the point of public health, the objective of the slaughterhouse is to guarantee the safety of meat in which meat inspection represent an essential tool to control animal diseases and guarantee the public health. The slaughterhouse can be used as surveillance center for livestock diseases. However, other aspects related with animal and human health, such as epidemiology and disease control in primary production, control of animal welfare on the farm, surveillance of zoonotic agents responsible for food poisoning, as well as surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance, can be monitored. These controls should not be seen as a last defensive barrier but rather as a complement to the controls carried out on the farm. Regarding the control of diseases in livestock, scientific research is scarce and outdated, not taking advantage of the potential for disease control. Animal welfare in primary production and during transport can be monitored throughout ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse, providing valuable individual data on animal welfare. Surveillance and research regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at slaughterhouses is scarce, mainly in cattle, sheep, and goats. However, most of the zoonotic pathogens are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Moreover, the prevalence at the slaughterhouse of zoonotic and foodborne agents seems to be low, but a lack of harmonization in terms of control and communication may lead to underestimate its real prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Dina Moura
- Divisão de Intervenção de Alimentação e Veterinária de Vila Real e Douro Sul, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária da Região Norte, Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Lugar de Codessais, 5000-567 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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30
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Ji S, Song Z, Luo L, Wang Y, Li L, Mao P, Ye C, Wang Y. Whole-genome sequencing reveals genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from food in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1049843. [PMID: 36726565 PMCID: PMC9885130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that could persist in food and food processing environments for a long time. Understanding the population structure and genomic characterization of foodborne L. monocytogenes is essential for the prevention and control of listeriosis. Methods A total of 322 foodborne L. monocytogenes isolates from 13 geographical locations and four food sources in China between 2000 and 2018 were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Results In silico subtyping divided the 322 isolates into five serogroups, 35 sequence types (STs), 26 clonal complexes (CCs) and four lineages. Serogroup IIa was the most prevalent serogroup and ST9 was the most prevalent ST of foodborne L. monocytogenes strains isolated in China. The in-depth phylogenetic analysis on CC9 revealed that ST122 clone might be original from ST9 clone. Furthermore, 23 potentially relevant clusters were identified by pair-wised whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, indicating that persistent- and/or cross-contamination had occurred in markets in China. ST8 and ST121 were the second and third top STs of L. monocytogenes in China, which had heterogeneity with that of L. monocytogenes isolates from other countries. The antibiotic resistance genes aacA4, tetM, tetS, dfrG carried by different mobile elements were found in L. monocytogenes strains. One lineage II strain carrying Listeria Pathogenicity Island 3 was first reported. In addition, a novel type of premature stop codon in inlA gene was identified in this study. Discussion These findings revealed the genomic characteristics and evolutionary relationship of foodborne L. monocytogenes in China on a scale larger than previous studies, which further confirmed that whole-genome sequencing analysis would be a helpful tool for routine surveillance and source-tracing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zexuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Changyun Ye, ✉
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yan Wang, ✉
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Kılınç ÖO, Ayan A, Çelik BA, Çelik ÖY, Yüksek N, Akyıldız G, Oğuz FE. The Investigation of Giardiasis ( Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases) in Buffaloes in Van Region, Türkiye: First Molecular Report of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B from Buffaloes. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36678454 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an important zoonotic protozoan agent that causes foodborne and waterborne diarrhea in humans and other mammals. Molecular-based tests are critical in diagnosing giardiasis in humans and animals, identifying species, understanding the zoonotic potential and transmission routes, and evaluating taxonomy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in buffaloes in the Van region in Türkiye. Buffaloes are a species that has been poorly studied in this regard. For this purpose, 100 fecal samples were collected from buffaloes in the Van region. The DNA extraction was performed using the GeneMATRIX STOOL DNA Purification Kit from stool samples. The nested PCR test was performed with the appropriate primers from the obtained DNA samples. The obtained bands suitable for sequencing were sent for sequence analysis, and the sequence results were aligned bidirectionally and compared with the database of GenBank by BLAST. As a result of the study, an 11% positivity rate for G. duodenalis was found in buffaloes, and assemblage E and assemblage B were isolated. To our knowledge, assemblage B in buffaloes was reported for the first time in this study. As a result, it was concluded that buffaloes are an important reservoir for waterborne and foodborne giardiasis.
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Karabela ŞN, Şenoğlu S, Altuntaş Aydin Ö, Baydili KN, Aksu Ö, Kart Yaşar K. Foodborne streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis outbreak in a hospital. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 30:225-229. [PMID: 36718924 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS), which are responsible for most cases of acute bacterial tonsillopharyngitis, are transmitted from person to person and may rarely cause foodborne outbreaks. This study aims to report the epidemic caused by GAS in our hospital and to draw attention to the explosive outbreaks of the bacteria. METHODS Acute tonsillopharyngitis was seen in 201 of 450 hospital employees who ate in the hospital cafeteria on 4-5 June 2015. RESULTS GAS was detected in 106 (68%) of 157 cases and in 40 (63.5%) of 62 throat culture samples. The attack rate was 44.7%. The most suspected source of the outbreak was a food handler who had been showing signs of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis for six days, and perhaps the food prepared by these staff. CONCLUSION It should not be forgotten that GAS can cause explosive outbreaks by infecting food through hand lesions or mouth secretions of food service personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şemsi Nur Karabela
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Şenoğlu
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altuntaş Aydin
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kürşad Nuri Baydili
- Department of Management and Organization, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Kart Yaşar
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cujba L, Samoila O, Ilut S, Vacaras V, Stan C. The key role of the ophthalmologist in diagnosing botulism: two case reports. Germs 2022; 12:548-553. [PMID: 38021184 PMCID: PMC10660219 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Botulinum toxin, the strongest known neurotoxin, is the cause of a rare fatal neuroparalytic disease characterized by the so-called "four Ds": diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, dry mouth. If left untreated, botulism may cause paralysis of the respiratory muscles, impairing the respiratory function which can ultimately lead to death. Case report We describe the cases of two patients who presented, two years apart, with similar ocular symptoms such as blurred vision due to accommodation palsy, diplopia, accompanied by xerostomia and swallowing disorders, which were further confirmed as botulism. Both cases had a similar clinical presentation of the intoxication and a positive response to treatment with botulinum antitoxin, while only the first case had a laboratory confirmation of the disease. Conclusions The key to diagnose botulism correctly is based on high clinical suspicion and requires a medical multidisciplinary approach and urgent specific treatment. Ophthalmology specialists must be aware of the disease, especially in cases in which ophthalmic manifestation appear at the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Cujba
- MD, PhD Student, Medical Doctoral School, University of Oradea, 1 Universiăţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Samoila
- MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street no 3-5, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvina Ilut
- MD, PhD, Department 10 Neurosciences, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Stan
- MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street no 3-5, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nam NN, Do HDK, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Progress in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Food Monitoring. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12234116. [PMID: 36500739 PMCID: PMC9740597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the food supply chain, including production, storage, and distribution, food can be contaminated by harmful chemicals and microorganisms, resulting in a severe threat to human health. In recent years, the rapid advancement and development of nanotechnology proposed revolutionary solutions to solve several problems in scientific and industrial areas, including food monitoring. Nanotechnology can be incorporated into chemical and biological sensors to improve analytical performance, such as response time, sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and accuracy. Based on the characteristics of the contaminants and the detection methods, nanotechnology can be applied in different ways in order to improve conventional techniques. Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, nanocomposites, nanotubes, and nanowires provide various functions for the immobilization and labeling of contaminants in electrochemical and optical detection. This review summarizes the recent advances in nanotechnology for detecting chemical and biological contaminations in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Biotechnology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.T.L.T.); (N.Y.L.)
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.T.L.T.); (N.Y.L.)
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Rossi GAM, de Freitas Costa E, Gabriël S, Braga FR. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Occurrence of Toxoplasmosis in Animals Slaughtered in Brazilian Abattoirs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223102. [PMID: 36428329 PMCID: PMC9686893 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is mainly transmitted to human beings through the consumption of contaminated food, and several outbreaks caused by infected meat consumption have been reported in Brazil. We performed a systematic literature review on the prevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in slaughtered animals and performed a meta-analysis of its prevalence for different species and regions. Furthermore, we also discussed the infectivity of seropositive animals, risk factors, and preventive strategies. In the meta-analysis, the overall prevalence estimates for poultry, ostrich, goats, swine, equids, sheep, and bovines were 42.4, 40.4, 23.0, 19.9, 19.1, 17.3, and 16.2%, respectively. Regarding the Brazilian regions, the highest prevalence values were detected for bovines and equids in the South (32.3 and 34.4%, respectively) and swine, goats, sheep, and poultry in the Northeast (29.3, 23.0, 22.9, and 69.8%%, respectively). High proportions of Toxoplasma gondii viability in bioassay conducted on seropositive animals were seen for sheep (34/40 = 85%) and swine (12/15 = 80%). Toxoplasma gondii infections are widespread on Brazilian farms, and the summarized data allow the establishment of high-priority areas and/or species for the adoption of preventive strategies to control this parasite at different levels of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
- University Vila Velha (UVV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue Comissário José Dantas de Melo, Number 21, Vila Velha 29102-920, Brazil
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Eduardo de Freitas Costa
- Department of Epidemiology, Bio-Informatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fábio Ribeiro Braga
- University Vila Velha (UVV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue Comissário José Dantas de Melo, Number 21, Vila Velha 29102-920, Brazil
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Alharbi MG, Al-Hindi RR, Esmael A, Alotibi IA, Azhari SA, Alseghayer MS, Teklemariam AD. The "Big Six": Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:356. [PMID: 36355898 PMCID: PMC9693546 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging serogroups that often result in diseases ranging from diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The most common non-O157 STEC are O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. These serogroups are known by the name "big six" because they cause severe illness and death in humans and the United States Department of Agriculture declared these serogroups as food contaminants. The lack of fast and efficient diagnostic methods exacerbates the public impact of the disease caused by these serogroups. Numerous outbreaks have been reported globally and most of these outbreaks were caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water as well as direct contact with reservoirs. Livestock harbor a variety of non-O157 STEC serovars that can contaminate meat and dairy products, or water sources when used for irrigation. Hence, effective control and prevention approaches are required to safeguard the public from infections. This review addresses the disease characteristics, reservoirs, the source of infections, the transmission of the disease, and major outbreaks associated with the six serogroups ("big six") of non-O157 STEC encountered all over the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G. Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R. Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmael
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheren A. Azhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S. Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Addisu D. Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F, Martínez-Priego L, De Marco-Romero G, Soriano-Chirona V, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, D'Auria G. Rapid Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION Sequencing Workflow for Campylobacter jejuni Identification in Broilers on Site—A Proof-of-Concept Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36009653 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is recognised as one of the most important foodborne bacteria, with a worldwide health and socioeconomic impact. This bacterium is one of the most important zoonotic players in poultry, where efficient and fast detection methods are required. Current official culture methods for Campylobacter enumeration in poultry usually include >44 h of culture and >72 h for identification, thus requiring at least five working shifts (ISO/TS 10272-2:2017). Here, we have assembled a portable sequencing kit composed of the Bento Lab and the MinION and developed a workflow for on-site farm use that is able to detect and report the presence of Campylobacter from caecal samples in less than five hours from sampling time, as well as the relationship of Campylobacter with other caecal microbes. Beyond that, our workflow may offer a cost-effective and practical method of microbiologically monitoring poultry at the farm. These results would demonstrate the possibility of carrying out rapid on-site screening to monitor the health status of the poultry farm/flock during the production chain.
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Whitham HK, Gilliland AE, Collier SA, Walter ES, Hoffmann S. Direct Outpatient Health Care Costs Among Commercially Insured Persons for Common Foodborne Pathogens and Acute Gastroenteritis, 2012-2015. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:558-568. [PMID: 35960532 PMCID: PMC10941978 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is common in the United States with most, but not all, foodborne pathogens causing symptoms of acute gastroenteritis (AGI). Outpatient care is the most frequent type of medical care sought; however, more accurate estimates of outpatient costs are needed to inform food safety policy decision. Using the U.S. MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, we quantified the per-visit cost of outpatient visits with any AGI-related diagnosis (including pathogen-specific and nonspecific or symptom-based diagnoses) and for those with a pathogen-specific diagnosis for 1 of 29 pathogens commonly transmitted through food (including pathogens that cause AGI and some that do not). Our estimates included the per-case cost of office visits and associated laboratory tests and procedures as well as the conservative estimates of prescription cost. Most AGI outpatient visits were coded using nonspecific codes (e.g., infectious gastroenteritis), rather than pathogen-specific codes (e.g., Salmonella). From 2012 to 2015, we identified more than 3.4 million initial outpatient visits with any AGI diagnosis and 45,077 with a foodborne pathogen-specific diagnosis. As is typical of treatment cost data, severe cases of illness drove mean costs above median. The mean cost of an outpatient visit with any AGI was $696 compared with the median of $162. The mean costs of visits with pathogen-specific diagnoses ranged from $254 (median $131; interquartile range [IQR]: $98-184) for Streptococcus spp. Group A (n = 22,059) to $1761 (median $161; IQR: $104-$1101) for Clostridium perfringens (n = 30). Visits with two of the most common causes of foodborne illness, nontyphoidal Salmonella and norovirus, listed as a diagnosis, had mean costs of $841 and $509, respectively. Overall, the median per-case costs of outpatient visits increased with age, with some variation by pathogen. More empirically based estimates of outpatient costs for AGI and specific pathogens can enhance estimates of the economic cost of foodborne illness used to guide food policy and focus prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K. Whitham
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aubrey E. Gilliland
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A. Collier
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elaine Scallan Walter
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sandra Hoffmann
- Food Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Pires SM, Jensen JD, Jakobsen L, Ethelberg S, Christensen T. Health and Economic Burden of Seven Foodborne Diseases in Denmark, 2019. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:581-589. [PMID: 35914089 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We ranked seven foodborne pathogens in Denmark on the basis of their health and economic impact on society in 2019. We estimated burden of disease of infections with Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, and hepatitis A virus in terms of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and economic burden in terms of direct and indirect health costs. These seven pathogens accounted for 268,372 cases, 98 deaths, and 3121 DALYs, and led to a total expenditure of 434 million Euro in 1 year in a country with 5.8 million citizens. Foodborne infections by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and norovirus caused the most DALYs, whereas Campylobacter, and norovirus and STEC had the higher costs. A combination of disease burden and cost of illness estimates is useful to inform policymaking and establish food safety priorities at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro Pires
- Risk-Benefit Research Group, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Dejgård Jensen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Jakobsen
- Risk-Benefit Research Group, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Christensen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are leading causes of infections with high mortality worldwide having a great impact on healthcare systems and the food industry. Gold standard methods for bacterial detection mainly rely on culture-based technologies and biochemical tests which are laborious and time-consuming. Regardless of several developments in existing methods, the goal of achieving high sensitivity and specificity, as well as a low detection limit, remains unaccomplished. In past years, various biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, or nucleic acids, have been widely used, being crucial for the pathogens detection in different complex matrices. However, these molecules are usually associated with high detection limits, demand laborious and costly production, and usually present cross-reactivity. (Bacterio)phage-encoded proteins, especially the receptor binding proteins (RBPs) and cell-wall binding domains (CBDs) of endolysins, are responsible for the phage binding to the bacterial surface receptors in different stages of the phage lytic cycle. Due to their remarkable properties, such as high specificity, sensitivity, stability, and ability to be easily engineered, they are appointed as excellent candidates to replace conventional recognition molecules, thereby contributing to the improvement of the detection methods. Moreover, they offer several possibilities of application in a variety of detection systems, such as magnetic, optical, and electrochemical. Herein we provide a review of phage-derived bacterial binding proteins, namely the RBPs and CBDs, with the prospect to be employed as recognition elements for bacteria. Moreover, we summarize and discuss the various existing methods based on these proteins for the detection of nosocomial and foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Nogueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Cunha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Lisac
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carla M Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Al-Hadidi SH, Al Mana H, Almoghrabi SZ, El-Obeid T, AlAli WQ, Eltai NO. Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:824-831. [PMID: 35675669 PMCID: PMC9347385 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
is a major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, mainly through poultry. Recently, there has been an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella infections globally. The increased drug resistance results in increased costs and poorer health outcomes due to unavailability or delayed treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in retail raw chicken meat and identify their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 270 retail raw chicken carcasses (local and imported) were collected from three hypermarket chains in Qatar between November 2017 and April 2018. Thirty carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella (11.11%). The prevalence of Salmonella in locally produced chicken was higher than in imported chicken (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.18–5.53, p = 0.016). No significant differences were found between the prevalence and storage temperature or hypermarket chain. The highest resistance rates in the isolates were reported to tetracycline (73.7%) followed by nitrofurantoin (53.3%), ampicillin (50%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone (26.7%), and ciprofloxacin (23.3%). Eight isolates were potential extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producers, all in imported frozen chicken (p < 0.0001). Additionally, 43.3% of the isolates were MDR and associated with frozen chicken (OR = 16.88, 95% CI: 2.55–111.47, p = 0.002). The findings indicate that while the prevalence of Salmonella in retail chicken in Qatar is moderate, a large proportion of them are MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Al Mana
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tahra El-Obeid
- Department of Health Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Walid Q AlAli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nahla O Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Russini V, Spaziante M, Varcasia BM, Diaconu EL, Paolillo P, Picone S, Brunetti G, Mattia D, De Carolis A, Vairo F, Bossù T, Bilei S, De Marchis ML. A Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Epidemiological Investigation of a Pregnancy-Related Invasive Listeriosis Case in Central Italy. Pathogens 2022; 11:667. [PMID: 35745521 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is currently the fifth most common foodborne disease in Europe. Most cases are sporadic; however, outbreaks have also been reported. Compared to other foodborne infections, listeriosis has a modest incidence but can cause life-threatening complications, especially in elderly or immunocompromised people and pregnant women. In the latter case, the pathology can be the cause of premature birth or spontaneous abortion, especially if the fetus is affected during the first months of gestation. The causative agent of listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, is characterized by the innate ability to survive in the environment and in food, even in adverse conditions and for long periods. Ready-to-eat food represents the category most at risk for contracting listeriosis. This study presents the result of an investigation carried out on a case of maternal-fetal transmission of listeriosis which occurred in 2020 in central Italy and which was linked, with a retrospective approach, to other cases residing in the same city of the pregnant woman. Thanks to the use of next-generation sequencing methodologies, it was possible to identify an outbreak of infection, linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat sliced products sold in a supermarket in the investigated city.
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Robinson EJ, Gregory J, Mulvenna V, Segal Y, Sullivan SG. Effect of Temperature and Rainfall on Sporadic Salmonellosis Notifications in Melbourne, Australia 2000-2019: A Time-Series Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:341-348. [PMID: 35404147 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weather can impact infectious disease transmission, particularly for heat-sensitive pathogens, such as Salmonella. We conducted an ecological time-series analysis to estimate short-term associations between nonoutbreak-related notifications of Salmonella and weather conditions-temperature and rainfall-in Melbourne, Australia from 2000 to 2019. Distributed lag nonlinear models were created to analyze weather-salmonellosis associations and potential lag times on a weekly time scale, controlling for seasonality and long-term trends. Warmer temperatures were associated with increased risk of notification. Effects were temporally lagged, with the highest associations observed for warm temperatures 2-6 (greatest at 4) weeks before notification. The overall estimated relative risk of salmonellosis increased twofold at 33°C compared to the average weekly temperature (20.35°C) for the 8-week period preceding the disease notification. For Salmonella Typhimurium alone, this occurred at temperatures over 32°C. There were no statistically significant associations with rainfall and notification rates in any of the analyses performed. This study demonstrates the short-term influences of warm temperatures on Salmonella infections in Melbourne over a 20-year period. Salmonelloses are already the second most notified gastrointestinal diseases in Victoria, and these findings suggest that notifications may increase with increasing temperatures. This evidence contributes to previous findings that indicate concerns for public health with continued warm weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Robinson
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joy Gregory
- Victorian Government Department of Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanora Mulvenna
- Victorian Government Department of Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yonatan Segal
- Victorian Government Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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Skowron K, Budzyńska A, Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Andrzejewska M, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Two Faces of Fermented Foods-The Benefits and Threats of Its Consumption. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845166. [PMID: 35330774 PMCID: PMC8940296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In underdeveloped and developing countries, due to poverty, fermentation is one of the most widely used preservation methods. It not only allows extending the shelf life of food, but also brings other benefits, including inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, improving the organoleptic properties and product digestibility, and can be a valuable source of functional microorganisms. Today, there is a great interest in functional strains, which, in addition to typical probiotic strains, can participate in the treatment of numerous diseases, disorders of the digestive system, but also mental diseases, or stimulate our immune system. Hence, fermented foods and beverages are not only a part of the traditional diet, e.g., in Africa but also play a role in the nutrition of people around the world. The fermentation process for some products occurs spontaneously, without the use of well-defined starter cultures, under poorly controlled or uncontrolled conditions. Therefore, while this affordable technology has many advantages, it can also pose a potential health risk. The use of poor-quality ingredients, inadequate hygiene conditions in the manufacturing processes, the lack of standards for safety and hygiene controls lead to the failure food safety systems implementation, especially in low- and middle-income countries or for small-scale products (at household level, in villages and scale cottage industries). This can result in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the food contributing to cases of illness or even outbreaks. Also, improper processing and storage, as by well as the conditions of sale affect the food safety. Foodborne diseases through the consumption of traditional fermented foods are not reported frequently, but this may be related, among other things, to a low percentage of people entering healthcare care or weaknesses in foodborne disease surveillance systems. In many parts of the world, especially in Africa and Asia, pathogens such as enterotoxigenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus have been detected in fermented foods. Therefore, this review, in addition to the positive aspects, presents the potential risk associated with the consumption of this type of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Smith C, Griffiths A, Allison S, Hoyano D, Hoang L. Escherichia coli O103 outbreak associated with minced celery among hospitalized individuals in Victoria, British Columbia, 2021. Can Commun Dis Rep 2022; 48:46-50. [PMID: 35273469 PMCID: PMC8856827 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v48i01a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2021, a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) (STEC) O103 outbreak was identified among patients at two hospitals in Victoria, British Columbia (BC). The objective of this study is to describe this outbreak investigation and identify issues of food safety for high-risk products prepared for vulnerable populations. METHODS Confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were reported to the Island Health communicable disease unit. The provincial public health laboratory conducted whole genome sequencing on confirmed case isolates, as per routine practice for STEC in BC. Exposure information was obtained through case interviews and review of hospital menus. Federal and local public health authorities conducted an inspection of the processing plant for the suspect source. RESULTS Six confirmed cases of E. coli O103 were identified, all related by whole genome sequencing. The majority of cases were female (67%) and the median age was 61 years (range 24-87 years). All confirmed cases were inpatients or outpatients at two hospitals and were exposed to raw minced celery within prepared sandwiches provided by hospital food services. A local processor supplied the minced celery exclusively to the two hospitals. Testing of product at the processor was infrequent, and chlorine rinse occurred before mincing. The spread of residual E. coli contamination through the mincing process, in addition to temperature abuse at the hospitals, are thought to have contributed to this outbreak. CONCLUSION Raw vegetables, such as celery, are a potential source of STEC and present a risk to vulnerable populations. Recommendations from this outbreak include more frequent testing at the processor, a review of the chlorination and mincing process and a review of hospital food services practices to mitigate temperature abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda Hoang
- British Columbia Centres for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC
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46
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Li X, Gu N, Huang TY, Zhong F, Peng G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A typical biofilm forming pathogen and an emerging but underestimated pathogen in food processing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1114199. [PMID: 36762094 PMCID: PMC9905436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a notorious gram-negative pathogenic microorganism, because of several virulence factors, biofilm forming capability, as well as antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains resulting from the misuse and overuse of antibiotics increases morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, it has been underestimated as a foodborne pathogen in various food groups for instance water, milk, meat, fruits, and vegetables. Chemical preservatives that are commonly used to suppress the growth of food source microorganisms can cause problems with food safety. For these reasons, finding effective, healthy safer, and natural alternative antimicrobial agents used in food processing is extremely important. In this review, our ultimate goal is to cover recent advances in food safety related to P. aeruginosa including antimicrobial resistance, major virulence factors, and prevention measures. It is worth noting that food spoilage caused by P. aeruginosa should arouse wide concerns of consumers and food supervision department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nixuan Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yi Huang
- Department of Diagnostics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Feifeng Zhong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gongyong Peng, ✉
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Chalupowicz L, Manulis-Sasson S, Barash I, Elad Y, Rav-David D, Brandl MT. Effect of Plant Systemic Resistance Elicited by Biological and Chemical Inducers on the Colonization of the Lettuce and Basil Leaf Apoplast by Salmonella enterica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0115121. [PMID: 34613760 PMCID: PMC8612278 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01151-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigation strategies to prevent microbial contamination of crops are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that induction of plant systemic resistance by biological (induced systemic resistance [ISR]) and chemical (systemic acquired resistance [SAR]) elicitors reduces endophytic colonization of leaves by Salmonella enterica serovars Senftenberg and Typhimurium. S. Senftenberg had greater endophytic fitness than S. Typhimurium in basil and lettuce. The apoplastic population sizes of serovars Senftenberg and Typhimurium in basil and lettuce, respectively, were significantly reduced approximately 10- to 100-fold by root treatment with microbial inducers of systemic resistance compared to H2O treatment. Rhodotorula glutinis effected the lowest population increases of S. Typhimurium in lettuce and S. Senftenberg in basil leaves, respectively 120- and 60-fold lower than those seen with the H2O treatment over 10 days postinoculation. Trichoderma harzianum and Pichia guilliermondii did not have any significant effect on S. Senftenberg in the basil apoplast. The chemical elicitors acidobenzolar-S-methyl and dl-β-amino-butyric acid inhibited S. Typhimurium multiplication in the lettuce apoplast 10- and 2-fold, respectively, compared to H2O-treated plants. All ISR and SAR inducers applied to lettuce roots in this study increased leaf expression of the defense gene PR1, as did Salmonella apoplastic colonization in H2O-treated lettuce plants. Remarkably, both acidobenzolar-S-methyl upregulation and R. glutinis upregulation of PR1 were repressed by the presence of Salmonella in the leaves. However, enhanced PR1 expression was sustained longer and at greater levels upon elicitor treatment than by Salmonella induction alone. These results serve as a proof of concept that priming of plant immunity may provide an intrinsic hurdle against the endophytic establishment of enteric pathogens in leafy vegetables. IMPORTANCE Fruit and vegetables consumed raw have become an important vehicle of foodborne illness despite a continuous effort to improve their microbial safety. Salmonella enterica has caused numerous recalls and outbreaks of infection associated with contaminated leafy vegetables. Evidence is increasing that enteric pathogens can reach the leaf apoplast, where they confront plant innate immunity. Plants may be triggered for induction of their defense signaling pathways by exposure to chemical or microbial elicitors. This priming for recognition of microbes by plant defense pathways has been used to inhibit plant pathogens and limit disease. Given that current mitigation strategies are insufficient in preventing microbial contamination of produce and associated outbreaks, we investigated the effect of plant-induced resistance on S. enterica colonization of the lettuce and basil leaf apoplast in order to gain a proof of concept for the use of such an intrinsic approach to inhibit human pathogens in leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chalupowicz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - S. Manulis-Sasson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - I. Barash
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Tel Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y. Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - D. Rav-David
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - M. T. Brandl
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, USA
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48
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Castrica M, Andoni E, Intraina I, Curone G, Copelotti E, Massacci FR, Terio V, Colombo S, Balzaretti CM. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Different Ready to Eat Foods from Large Retailers and Canteens over a 2-Year Period in Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010568. [PMID: 34682313 PMCID: PMC8535721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to give an overview of the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in 9727 samples (2996 for L. monocytogenes and 6731 for Salmonella spp.) from different categories of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, collected over 2 years from 28 large retailers and 148 canteens in the regions of northern Italy. The RTE samples were classified into two groups according to the preparation methods: (i) multi-ingredient preparations consisting of fully cooked food ready for immediate consumption, or with minimal further handling before consumption (Group A), and (ii) multi-ingredient preparations consisting of cooked and uncooked food, or preparations consisting of only raw ingredients (Group B). L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in both of these categories. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was 0.13% and 0.07%, respectively. More specifically, L. monocytogenes was found in 0.04% of 2442 analysed RTE food samples belonging to group A and in 0.54% of 554 samples belonging to group B. Furthermore, 0.03% of 5367 RTE food samples from group A and 0.21% of 1364 samples from group B tested positive for Salmonella spp. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study can provide a significant contribution to L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. risk analysis in RTE foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Castrica
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, University of Milan, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Egon Andoni
- Department of Public Health, Agricultural University of Tirana, Rr “Pajsi Vodica” Koder-Kamez, 1023 Tirana, Albania;
| | - India Intraina
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, University of Milan, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Emma Copelotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, University of Milan, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Terio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Provincial Road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Colombo
- Chemservice S.r.l.-Lab Analysis Group, Via F. lli Beltrami, 15, Novate Milanese, 20026 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Maria Balzaretti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, University of Milan, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (I.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.B.)
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Kifleyohannes T, Debenham JJ, Robertson LJ. Is Fresh Produce in Tigray, Ethiopia a Potential Transmission Vehicle for Cryptosporidium and Giardia? Foods 2021; 10:foods10091979. [PMID: 34574089 PMCID: PMC8470912 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rural Ethiopia, where people often share their homes with their livestock, infections of humans and animals with Cryptosporidium and Giardia are relatively common. One possible transmission route is consumption of contaminated fresh produce; this study investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh produce in four districts of rural Tigray in Ethiopia. Fresh produce samples (n = 55) were analysed using standard laboratory procedures. Overall, 15% (8/55) of samples were found to be contaminated. Although contamination levels were mostly low, a few samples had high numbers of Giardia cysts (up to around 70 cysts per 30 g sample). Molecular analyses were largely unsuccessful, but Giardia Assemblage A was identified in one sample. Contamination with these parasites was identified in two of the four districts, but, although a similar pattern has already been described for water contamination, this may be at least partially explained by sampling bias. Nevertheless, we speculate that access to clean water sources may be an important factor for reducing the occurrence of these pathogens. Given the public health and veterinary burden associated with both parasites, the factors which are of importance for their circulation in the communities and environments deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes
- Institute of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, 1430 Ås, Norway; (J.J.D.); (L.J.R.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle 2084, Ethiopia
- Correspondence:
| | - John James Debenham
- Institute of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, 1430 Ås, Norway; (J.J.D.); (L.J.R.)
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Institute of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, 1430 Ås, Norway; (J.J.D.); (L.J.R.)
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50
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Schneider G, Schweitzer B, Steinbach A, Pertics BZ, Cox A, Kőrösi L. Antimicrobial Efficacy and Spectrum of Phosphorous-Fluorine Co-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081786. [PMID: 34441563 PMCID: PMC8391345 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of meats and meat products with foodborne pathogenic bacteria raises serious safety issues in the food industry. The antibacterial activities of phosphorous-fluorine co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (PF-TiO2) were investigated against seven foodborne pathogenic bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. PF-TiO2 NPs were synthesized hydrothermally at 250 °C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 h, and then tested at three different concentrations (500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) for the inactivation of foodborne bacteria under UVA irradiation, daylight exposure or dark conditions. The antibacterial efficacies were compared after 30 min of exposure to light. Distinct differences in the antibacterial activities of the PF-TiO2 NPs, and the susceptibilities of tested foodborne pathogenic bacterium species were found. PF-TiO2/3 h and PF-TiO2/6 h showed the highest antibacterial activity by decreasing the living bacterial cell number from ~106 by ~5 log (L. monocytogenes), ~4 log (EHEC), ~3 log (Y. enterolcolitca, S. putrefaciens) and ~2.5 log (S. aureus), along with complete eradication of C. jejuni and S. Typhimurium. Efficacy of PF-TiO2/1 h and PF-TiO2/12 h NPs was lower, typically causing a ~2–4 log decrease in colony forming units depending on the tested bacterium while the effect of PF-TiO2/0 h was comparable to P25 TiO2, a commercial TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity. Our results show that PF-co-doping of TiO2 NPs enhanced the antibacterial action against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and are potential candidates for use in the food industry as active surface components, potentially contributing to the production of meats that are safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.S.); (B.Z.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bettina Schweitzer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.S.); (B.Z.P.)
| | - Anita Steinbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.S.); (B.Z.P.)
| | - Botond Zsombor Pertics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Street 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.S.); (B.Z.P.)
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanophagetherapy Center, Enviroinvest Corporation, Kertváros Street 2, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - László Kőrösi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter Street 4, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary;
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