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Sacre H, Hajj A, Badro DA, Abou Selwan C, Haddad C, Aoun R, Salameh P. The Combined Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Collapsing Economy on Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:64-91. [PMID: 35766201 PMCID: PMC9243972 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the outcomes of COVID-19 and a collapsing economy on the mental well-being (MWB) of the general Lebanese population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online in May 2020 and enrolled 502 adults. Results: Mental well-being had a mean of 14.80 (14.37; 15.24). A lower MWB was associated with female gender (beta=-1.533 [-2.324; -0.743]), university education (beta=-2.119 [-3.353;-0.885]), fear of COVID-19 (beta=-0.131 [-0.199; -0.063]), fear of poverty (beta=-0.232 [-0.402;-0.063]), verbal violence at home (beta=-3.464 [-5.137; -1.790]), and chronic disease (beta=-1.307 [-2.283; -0.330]). Better family satisfaction (beta=0.380 [0.235; 0.525]) and better financial situation (beta=0.029 [0.003; 0.055]) were significantly correlated with better MWB. In the subsample of workers/looking for a job, additional factors affected MWB: physical exercise (beta =1.318 [0.370; 2.265]) was associated with better QOL, while being a previous waterpipe smoker, being self-employed before the crisis (beta=-1.22 [-2.208;-0.231]), working from home since the economic crisis (-1.853 [-3.692; -0.013]), and worrying about the long-term effects of the crisis on one's employment status (beta=-0.433 [-0.650; -0.216]) were associated lower MWB. It is noteworthy that closure of the institution yielded a borderline result (B = -1.2; p = .094), while the fear of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with MWB (B = -0.054; p =0.192). Conclusion: This study showed that, during the pandemic, economic and other factors, directly or indirectly related to COVID-19, significantly affected quality of life. The fear of COVID-19 and fear of poverty mainly impacted the MWB of the general population. However, the fear of COVID-19 lost its significance among workers, who reported that factors negatively affecting their MWB are directly related to their employment and the already collapsing economy in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint- Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Danielle A Badro
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Abou Selwan
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon; Medical and Marketing Solutions, Science PRO, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon; Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Randa Aoun
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon; School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
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Sakr F, Safwan J, Cherfane M, Salameh P, Sacre H, Haddad C, El Khatib S, Rahal M, Dia M, Harb A, Hosseini H, Iskandar K. Knowledge and Awareness of Stroke among the Elderly Population: Analysis of Data from a Sample of Older Adults in a Developing Country. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2172. [PMID: 38138275 PMCID: PMC10744528 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stroke prevention has traditionally concentrated on research to improve knowledge and awareness of the disease in the general population. Since stroke incidents increase with age, there is a need to focus on the elderly, a high-risk group for developing the disease. This study aimed to examine the level of stroke awareness and knowledge, their predictors, and their source of information. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study targeted Lebanese senior citizens aged 65 years and above. A total of 513 participants enrolled in the study through a self-administered survey distributed using a snowball sampling technique. Results: Most participants had appropriate baseline knowledge (more than 75% correct answers) of stroke, including risk factors, alarming signs, and preventive measures. Better knowledge of disease risks was significantly associated with having a university degree (ORa = 1.609; p = 0.029). Participants who had previous ischemic attacks showed significantly lower knowledge of the alarming signs (ORa = 0.467; p = 0.036) and prevention measures (ORa = 0.427; p = 0.029). Those suffering from depression had better knowledge of stroke alarming signs (ORa = 2.060.; p = 0.050). Seeking information from pharmacists, physicians, or the internet was not significantly associated with better knowledge of stroke risks, alarming signs, and preventive measures. Conclusions: The present study showed that seniors had fair knowledge of stroke, despite gaps in stroke prevention measures. Healthcare providers could play a leading role in improving public health by educating seniors to enhance awareness about prevention measures, detecting alarming signs, and acting fast to save a life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
- UMR U955 INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France;
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Michelle Cherfane
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 4504, Lebanon
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 25586, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 4504, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib 1525, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut 7501, Lebanon
| | - Sarah El Khatib
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Mohammad Dia
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Ahmad Harb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- UMR U955 INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France;
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (J.S.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (M.C.); (P.S.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (S.E.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
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Youssef L, Salameh P, Sacre H, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Association between alexithymia, emotional intelligence, smoking addiction, and alcohol use disorder among a sample of Lebanese adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295114. [PMID: 38033004 PMCID: PMC10688648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia can be associated with worse addictive traits, while emotional intelligence is associated with better addictive outcomes. In Lebanon, the prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe smoking is on the rise, although people are aware of the associated harms. Also, around 11% of Lebanese adults have experienced alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the association between alexithymia, emotional intelligence, smoking (cigarette and waterpipe), and AUD among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study carried out between February and April 2020, during the lockdown period, enrolled 408 community-dwelling adults. The survey link was shared on social media to reach participants from all Lebanese districts/governorates. RESULTS Taking antidepressants (Beta = 4.37) was significantly associated with more cigarette dependence, while female gender (Beta = -1.52) and having a high vs. low monthly income (Beta = 1.02) were significantly associated with less cigarette dependence. None of the variables, including alexithymia, were significantly associated with waterpipe dependence. Female gender (Beta = -0.15) and higher emotional intelligence (Beta = -0.003) were significantly associated with less AUD, whereas higher alexithymia (Beta = 0.003) was significantly associated with more AUD. CONCLUSION This study could demonstrate a significant association between alexithymia and cigarette smoking and alexithymia and alcohol consumption. Future research is warranted to investigate the mediating effect of emotional intelligence and how these results may be used to meet the needs of alexithymic individuals with addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Youssef
- Modern Dagher Medical Laboratories, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Bou Malhab S, Haddad C, Sacre H, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Salameh P. Adherence to treatment and harmful effects of medication shortages in the context of severe crises: scale validation and correlates. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:163. [PMID: 38031177 PMCID: PMC10685472 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication shortage is a public health problem, affecting patients' outcomes mainly through the difficulty in maintaining adherence, particularly in the context of a severe economic crisis. There is a need for a new scale that assesses the effect of medication shortage on adherence. AIM To develop and validate a scale to evaluate the harmful impact of medication shortage among the general Lebanese population and assess its correlates and association with medication adherence. METHODS A questionnaire was used to assess medication shortage harmful effects and patients' adherence, allowing to generate the Harmful Impact of Medication Shortage scale (HIMS). The factor analysis, convergent validity and reliability of the generated scale were assessed, followed by multivariable regressions to evaluate its correlates. RESULTS The developed HIMS scale is a 9-item tool, used to assess how difficult it was for people to deal with medication shortages and their harmful effects on treatment. It was significantly and inversely linked to treatment adherence and affected by the patients' socioeconomic status and the type of chronic disease. CONCLUSION The Harmful Impact of Medication Shortage scale could be an efficient tool to measure the detrimental effects of medication shortages among the Lebanese adult population with chronic diseases, particularly affecting treatment adherence. Future studies and evidence are still needed to confirm our findings and help build global mitigation policies addressing medication shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrella Bou Malhab
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Namnoum J, Hajj A, Iskandar K, Sacre H, Akel M, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. Correction: Assessing and validating the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing (SCF-PSM): a cross-sectional analysis in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:136. [PMID: 37936172 PMCID: PMC10629020 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, 2 Rue Ambroise Croizat Alfortville, 94140, Créteil, France.
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Fares R, Haddad C, Sacre H, Hallit S, Haddad G, Salameh P, Calvet B. Neurological soft signs and cognition among inpatients with schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:406-423. [PMID: 37823861 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2269647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence has shown that neurological soft signs are strongly associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the association between NSS and cognitive impairments in a sample of inpatients with schizophrenia. The secondary objective was to explore the association between NSS total scores and functioning.Methods: The study enrolled 95 inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia disorders and 45 healthy controls. The neurological evaluation scale (NES) was used to assess neurological soft sign while the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used to evaluate cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia.Results: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher mean scores on the NES total test and subtests than the control group. Higher cognition was significantly associated with lower NES total and subtest scores. Higher functional independence was significantly associated with a lower NES total score (Beta = -.25), lower motor coordination subtest score (Beta = -.04), and lower others subtest (Beta = -.12). When taking the functional independence scale as the dependent variable, a higher NES total score was significantly associated with lower functioning (Beta = -0.03).Conclusion: NSS were associated to neurocognitive impairments in almost every domain among patients with schizophrenia. Further prospective research is still needed to confirm this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Fares
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Georges Haddad
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
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Chamoun K, Mouawad J, Salameh P, Sacre H, Haddad R, Khabbaz LR, Megarbane B, Hajj A. Opioid use disorder in two samples of the Lebanese population: scale validation and correlation with sleep and mood disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:797. [PMID: 37914993 PMCID: PMC10619223 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The revised Opioid Risk Tool (ORT-OUD) is a brief, self-report scale designed to provide clinicians with a simple, validated method to screen for the risk of developing an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in patients without a prior history of substance abuse. This study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population and assess its clinical validity in a sample of patients with OUD. METHODS This cross-sectional study in the Lebanese population used several validated scales to assess the risk of OUD, including the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Other tools evaluated chronotype and sleep and mood disturbances. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was applied to assess ORT-OUD construct validity. Convergent validity with the Arabic version of ASSIST was evaluated. The ORT-OUD criterion validity was then assessed in a clinical sample of patients with OUD. RESULTS This study included 581 participants. The prevalence of the OUD risk in the Lebanese population using the ORT-OUD scale and the ASSIST-opioids scale was estimated at 14.5% and 6.54%, respectively. No items of the ORT-OUD were removed; all items converged over a solution of four factors with an eigenvalue > 1, explaining a total of 68.2% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.648). The correlation coefficients between the ORT-OUD total score and ASSIST subscales were as follows: ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.174; p = < 0.001), ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.249; p < 0.001), and ASSIST-alcohol (r = 0.161; p = < 0.001). ORT-OUD clinical validation showed a correlation with ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.251; p = 0.093) and ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.598; p < 0.001). Higher ORT-OUD scores were associated with a family and personal history of alcohol and substance consumption and higher insomnia and anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population, an essential step towards improving the detection and management of OUD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Chamoun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Inserm, UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Mouawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie- Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Egkomi, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie- Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Haddad
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Inserm, UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Federation of Toxicology, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec city, Québec, Canada.
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Namnoum J, Hajj A, Iskandar K, Sacre H, Akel M, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. Assessing and validating the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing (SCF-PSM): a cross-sectional analysis in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 37885029 PMCID: PMC10605801 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Competencies refer to the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors individuals develop through education, training, and experience. These competencies can be formulated into a framework to support practitioner development for effective and sustained performance. In the absence of a national framework for pharmacy education and practice in Lebanon, the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL, the official association of pharmacists in Lebanon) pioneered the development of a pharmacy competency framework in 2017. This study aimed to validate and assess the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing (SCF-PSM) after updating the framework previously published by the OPL. The secondary objective was to assess, in a pilot survey, the personal characteristics associated with these competencies. METHODS After validating the content of the specialized competency framework, a survey involving Lebanese pharmacists was performed through a 15-min online questionnaire distributed over social media platforms, groups of pharmacists, and individual pharmacists' contact numbers. KEY FINDINGS Pharmaceutical knowledge, communication, emergency response, and operation management during emergencies were satisfactory (more than 80/100). Other activities during emergencies, such as patient care and population health interventions and evaluation, research, and dissemination of research outcomes, received a moderate score (75-78/100), similar to legal practice (78/100), teamwork (76/100), and management skills (75/100). The lowest reported confidence was related to professional communication skills (other than communication per se), mainly negotiation, data processing skills, information technology, self-management, and ethical practice (< 75/100). This study reported deficiencies between what is acquired during undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education on the one hand and the competency framework suggested by the OPL on the other hand, showing a mismatch between the competencies of working pharmacists acquired during education and the market needs. CONCLUSIONS This study validated a competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing and explored the current gaps in self-reported competencies. It also identified areas necessitating reinforcement to optimize professional practice and underscored the need for improvement in undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, 2 Rue Ambroise Croizat Alfortville, 94140, Créteil, France.
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Safwan J, Akel M, Sacre H, Haddad C, Sakr F, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Salameh P. Academic pharmacist competencies in ordinary and emergency situations: content validation and pilot description in Lebanese academia. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:737. [PMID: 37803447 PMCID: PMC10559412 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a similar study in the Lebanese context, this study aimed to validate the content of the specialized competencies frameworks of academic pharmacists (educators, researchers, and clinical preceptors) and pilot their use for practice assessment in the context of multiple severe crises. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2022 among academic pharmacists enrolled by snowball sampling using a questionnaire created on Google Forms. RESULTS The suggested frameworks had appropriate content to assess the competencies of academic pharmacists. Educators and clinical preceptors were confident in all their competencies except for emergency preparedness. Researchers had varying levels of confidence, ranging from moderate to high confidence for many competencies, but gaps were reported in fundamental research, conducting clinical trials, and pharmacy practice research (mean < 80). Educators and researchers relied primarily on experience and postgraduate studies, while clinical preceptors emphasized undergraduate studies to acquire their respective competencies. Continuing education sessions/programs were the least cited as a competency-acquiring venue across all roles. CONCLUSION This study could develop and validate the content of frameworks for specialized competencies of academic pharmacists, including educators, researchers, and clinical preceptors, in a challenging setting. The frameworks were also piloted for practice assessment, which could contribute to supporting effective performance and sustained development of practitioners and help link the skills and competencies pharmacists learn during their studies with those required for a career in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sleiman V, Obeid S, Sacre H, Salameh P, Hallit S, Hallit R. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Lebanese university students related to sexually transmitted diseases: a cross-sectional study. Croat Med J 2023; 64:213-221. [PMID: 37654033 PMCID: PMC10509678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To appraise Lebanese university students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in March and April 2020. A total of 402 students (67.9% women) from ten universities located in different Lebanese regions were recruited through convenient sampling. RESULTS Pursuing a major in non-health sciences compared with a major in health sciences (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.08) was significantly associated with lower odds of having better knowledge of STDs. Older age (aOR=1.09) was significantly associated with higher odds of having better knowledge of STDs. Having good vs poor knowledge (aOR=3.88) was significantly associated with higher odds of having favorable attitudes toward STDs, whereas pursuing a major in non-health sciences compared with a major in health sciences (aOR=0.28) was significantly associated with lower odds of having favorable attitudes toward STDs. Women compared with men (aOR=2.21) had higher odds of having healthier practices related to STDs. Attitude did not mediate the association between knowledge and practice. CONCLUSION Attitude did not significantly mediate the association between knowledge and practice. Therefore, educational programs and awareness campaigns should be implemented in secondary schools and among vulnerable non-medical students. Such efforts can help students identify the symptoms of STDs, seek medical attention, and make informed decisions to protect themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Souheil Hallit
- Souheil Hallit, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon,
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11
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Sacre H, Haddad C, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Salameh P. Development and validation of the Socioeconomic Status Composite Scale (SES-C). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1619. [PMID: 37620893 PMCID: PMC10464400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is a critical multifactorial determinant of health and plays a significant role in shaping an individual's health outcomes. While a composite scale has been proposed to measure SES in children, to our knowledge, limited composite scales were developed for adults in different contexts, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and valid SES measure to elucidate the relationship between SES and health in this population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a composite scale that measures the socioeconomic status in Lebanon and assess its correlates in a socioeconomic crisis context. METHODS An online study was carried out between October and November 2022 across all Lebanese regions. Snowball sampling was used to enroll 448 adults living in Lebanon through a questionnaire created on Google Forms and shared by WhatsApp to a first sample from all geographic areas. RESULTS The developed composite scale (SES-C) was found to be reliable and valid. It was based on several aspects of socioeconomic status, i.e., participant education level, family head education level, perceived social class, not being in debt, not receiving financial help, crowding index, participant work status, family head work status, monthly household income, and financial well-being. Furthermore, high SES was significantly associated with married status, older age, alcohol consumption, the absence of chronic disease, easy access to healthcare, private insurance coverage, and the number of rooms in the house in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariable analysis, high SES was significantly associated with age (ORa-1.13; p = 0.011) and easy access to healthcare (ORa = 7.81; p = 0.001) and inversely associated with chronic disease (ORa = 0.17; p = 0.002). Similar results with lower magnitude were found for moderate SES. CONCLUSION The study successfully developed and validated a composite scale (SES-C) for measuring the socioeconomic status in Lebanon, taking into account the complexities of the Lebanese context. The scale was found to be reliable and valid, and its results showed significant correlations with various factors such as older age, lower risk of chronic disease, and easy access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Hajj
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sacre H, Saab M, Haddad C, Haddad M, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Hajj A, Iskandar K, Salameh P. The specialized competency framework for industry pharmacists (SCF-IP): validation and pilot assessment. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:96. [PMID: 37525247 PMCID: PMC10392006 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate a specialized competency framework for industry pharmacists and assess correlates related to the competency domains in a pilot sample. METHODS A team of experts assessed the old framework and improved its content validity after a thorough literature review, using the Delphi technique. Domains and their respective competencies and behaviors were re-defined in the framework. Afterward, a web-based cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2022, enrolling a convenient sample of ten industry pharmacists who worked in Lebanese pharmaceutical plants. Participants were contacted through the Syndicate of the Pharmaceutical Industries in Lebanon. RESULTS The specialized competency framework for Lebanese industry pharmacists comprised seven domains. Behavioral items had appropriate loading on their respective factors, which could involve one, two or three competencies. Cronbach alpha values for all domains were close to one, showing appropriate reliability. Each domain was correlated with at least another one, except for domains related to pharmaceutical and industrial development and emergency preparedness, which were not correlated with other domains. The lowest confidence was found in the research and development domain, particularly among participants with only a PharmD. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the specialized competency framework for Lebanese industry pharmacists. Some domains, specifically those related to industrial development and emergency preparedness, were found to diverge from others. Therefore, it would be recommended to include additional education in the emergency preparedness, research and development fields and to integrate industry-specific skills, courses, and training programs into academic curricula. Furthermore, specialized postgraduate degrees may be necessary to produce practice-ready pharmacists to operate effectively in this vital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May Saab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Semaan S, Haddad C, Awad E, Sacre H, Hallit R, Akel M, Salameh P, Obeid S, Hallit S. Caring for a Mentally Ill Patient at Home, Mental Health, Religiosity, and Spirituality and Their Association With Family Caregivers' Quality of Life in Lebanon. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023; 25:22m03333. [PMID: 37471477 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.22m03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, work fatigue, religiosity, and spirituality on quality of life (QOL) among family caregivers of people with mental Illness and those who care for family members without mental illness. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between July and September 2019 that enrolled 600 caregivers using a proportionate sample from all Lebanese governorates. Participants completed a 2-part questionnaire. The first part assessed sociodemographic and other characteristics and the second part comprised various scales including the Quality of Life 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Item, Perceived Stress Scale, Work Fatigue Inventory, Lebanese Insomnia Scale, Mature Religiosity Scale, and Spirituality Index of Well-Being. Results: Higher stress (P < .001), higher depression (P < .001), higher emotional work fatigue (P < .001), married parents compared to single (P = .026), having a child with an intellectual disability (P = .002), and sleep-wake disorders (P = .003) were significantly associated with lower physical QOL, whereas higher spirituality (P < .001) was associated with higher physical QOL. Higher insomnia (P = .01), higher anxiety (P = .017), higher mental work fatigue (P < .001), living with a patient having a mental psychiatric illness (P = .023), caregivers with a chronic disease (P = .040), and taking care of a child with depressive disorders (P = .027) were significantly associated with lower mental QOL, whereas higher spirituality was significantly associated with higher mental QOL. Conclusions: The care of a person with mental illness involves multiple challenges and problems, leading to negative impacts on the familial caregivers' mental health and magnified by the absence of sufficient support and awareness and training programs in Lebanon. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023;25(4)22m03333.
Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaan Semaan
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuelle Awad
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Infectious Disease Department, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Infectious Disease Department, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Byblos, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Corresponding Author: Souheil Hallit, PharmD, MSc, MPH, PhD, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, PO Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
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Chamoun N, Ramia E, Sacre H, Haddad M, Haddad C, Hajj A, Namnoum J, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Akel M, Salameh P. Validation of the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in hospital settings (SCF-PHS): a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 37430355 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the content of the specialized competency frameworks for pharmacists working in hospital settings (hospital and clinical pharmacists) and pilot the frameworks for practice assessment. METHODS This online cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2022 among a sample of 96 Lebanese pharmacists working in hospital settings. The frameworks were distributed to full-time hospital and clinical pharmacists, who filled them out according to their role in the hospital. RESULTS Overall, the competencies were distributed over five domains for hospital pharmacists (fundamental skills, safe and rational use of medicines, patient-centered care, professional skills, and preparedness for emergencies), while for clinical pharmacists, competencies were distributed over seven domains (quality improvement, clinical knowledge and skills, soft skills, ability to conduct clinical research, ability to provide effective education, use information technology to make decisions and reduce errors, and emergency preparedness). Moreover, Cronbach alpha values were appropriate, indicating sufficient to high internal consistency. Pharmacists were highly confident in most competencies, with some exceptions related to research in emergency settings (data evaluation, research, and reporting). CONCLUSIONS This study could validate competency frameworks for clinical and hospital pharmacists, with the competencies and their respective behaviors showing an adequate construct analysis. It also identified the domains that require further development, i.e., soft skills and research in emergency settings. Both these domains are timely and needed to overcome the current practice challenges in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibal Chamoun
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lebanese American University School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elsy Ramia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lebanese American University School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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15
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Domiati S, Hodeib F, El Majzoub R, Sacre H. COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptability: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Lebanese Residents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e421. [PMID: 37385751 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concerns about the side effects of available coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines have posed a significant barrier to vaccination in several countries. Accordingly, the current study aimed to assess the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors among the Lebanese population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2021 among Lebanese adults from the 5 main Lebanese districts. The questionnaire included demographic data, questions about COVID-19 experience, COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale, and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed on SPSS, version 23. Statistical significance was considered at a P value ≤ 0.05 with a 95% CI. RESULTS Of 811 participants, 45.4% (95% CI: 41.9-48.9) accepted taking the COVID-19 vaccine. Choices were negatively affected by concerns about the side effects of the vaccine and positively affected by anxiety and seeking COVID-19 news very closely. Moreover, if the COVID-19 vaccination was a requirement for traveling, participants would be more willing to get the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Since 54.7% of the studied Lebanese adults were either unwilling or undecided to get the vaccine and COVID-19 news was retrieved mainly from the Ministry of Public Health online site and the local news, the existing targeted campaign should be enforced toward encouraging vaccination to reach herd immunity against COVID-19 and revealing the safety of the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souraya Domiati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Hodeib
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rania El Majzoub
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Sakr F, Akel M, Sacre H, Haddad C, Tawil S, Safwan J, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Salameh P. The specialized competency framework for community pharmacists (SCF-CP) in Lebanon: validation and evaluation of the revised version. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37344915 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of similar studies in Lebanon, this study aimed at upgrading and validating the Lebanese specialized competencies framework for community pharmacists (SCF-CP) as a tool to transform community practice and support the professional development and career progression of community pharmacists. METHODS Content validity was assessed and improved through a team of experts. After a thorough literature review and utilizing the Delphi technique, six domains were defined in the framework, with their respective competencies and behaviors. A cross-sectional study was then carried out from March to October 2022 using an online questionnaire created on Google Forms. The snowball technique was applied to reach community pharmacists across all the Lebanese governorates. RESULTS The final sample included 512 community pharmacists. The construct validity of the framework was confirmed by factor analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures of sampling adequacy were satisfactory for all models ranging from 0.500 to 0.956 with a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (P < 0.001). The internal consistency of all competency domains was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, with values ranging from 0.803 to 0.953. All competencies were significantly correlated with their respective domains (P < 0.001), and all domains were significantly correlated with each other and with the framework (P < 0.001). The participants declared being competent in all domains relating to fundamental skills, safe and rational use of medicines, pharmacy management, professional skills, public health fundamentals, and emergency preparedness and response, with some exceptions, such as compounding, management, and emergency preparedness. A higher declared competency level was associated with having more experience and receiving more than 50 patients per day. CONCLUSION Our findings could demonstrate that the Lebanese specialized competency framework is a valid and reliable tool. This framework could help assess the minimum competencies that community pharmacists should possess or acquire and direct initial and continuing education for better practice. Hence, it could be adopted by the authorities and implemented in the Lebanese community pharmacy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Samah Tawil
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament (LPCQM), Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Malaeb D, Sacre H, Mansour S, Haddad C, Sarray El Dine A, Fleihan T, Hallit S, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Assessment of medication adherence among Lebanese adult patients with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1145016. [PMID: 37415710 PMCID: PMC10322190 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medical treatment is considered a cornerstone in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) management, lack of adherence remains the main challenge that may compromise optimal therapeutic outcome achievement. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate treatment adherence levels and associated factors among Lebanese adult patients with non-communicable diseases. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey conducted during the COVID-19 lockdown imposed by the Lebanese Government (between September 2020 and January 2021) enrolled 263 adult patients through an anonymous online questionnaire to assess adherence to medications using the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS-14). Results Of the total sample, 50.2% showed low adherence with a total mean adherence score of 4.41 ± 3.94. The results showed that depression (β = 1.351) and peptic ulcer (β = 1.279) were significantly associated with higher LMAS scores (lower adherence). However, age between 50 and 70 (β = -1.591, p = 0.011), practicing physical exercise (β = -1.397, p = 0.006), having kidney disease (β = -1.701, p = 0.032), and an intermediate (β = -1.336, p = 0.006) to high income (β = -3.207, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower LMAS scores (higher adherence). Conclusion Our study shed light on the factors affecting medication adherence in patients with non-communicable diseases. It showed that depression and peptic ulcer were associated with lower adherence, contrary to older age, exercising, having chronic kidney disease, and a higher socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Mansour
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Tamara Fleihan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Research, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- INSERM U955-E01, IMRB, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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18
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Haddad C, Sacre H, Abboche E, Salameh P, Calvet B. The self-assessment scale of cognitive complaints in Schizophrenia: validation of the Arabic version among a sample of lebanese patients. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:415. [PMID: 37296387 PMCID: PMC10257267 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several subjective scales have been used to measure cognitive complaints in patients with schizophrenia, such as the Self-Assessment Scale of Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS), which was designed to be clear, simple, and easy to use. This study aimed to examine the ability of SASCCS as a validated tool to collect and assess subjective cognitive complaints of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 120 patients with schizophrenia was performed between July 2019 and Mars 2020 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Lebanon. The SASCCS was used to assess how patients with schizophrenia perceived their cognitive impairment. RESULTS The internal consistency of the SASCCS scale was 0.911, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.81 (p < 0.001), suggesting a good stability over time. The factor analysis of the SASCCS scale showed a 5-factor solution using the Varimax rotated matrix. The SASCCS total score positively correlated with their own factors. A negative correlation was found between the objective cognitive scale and subjective cognitive complaints, which were positively correlated with clinical symptoms and depression. No significant association was found between insight and subjective cognitive complaints. CONCLUSION The SASCCS scale showed appropriate psychometric properties, with high internal consistency, good construct validity, and adequate concurrent validity, which makes it valuable for the evaluation of subjective cognitive complaints in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Abboche
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Egkomi, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et de la Personne Âgée, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, 87000, France
- Unité de Recherche et d'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, 87000, France
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Zeineddine L, Sacre H, Haddad C, Zeenny MR, Akel M, Hajj A, Salameh P. Correction: The association of management and leadership competencies with work satisfaction among pharmacists in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:65. [PMID: 37173793 PMCID: PMC10182588 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - M Rony Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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20
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Sacre H, Aoun R, Haddad C, Abou Selwan C, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Hajj A, Hassoun C, Namnoum J, Iskandar K, Salameh P. Specialized competency framework for pharmacists in managerial positions in sales and marketing (SCF-PMSM): development, validation, and correlates. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 37170278 PMCID: PMC10173228 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists in sales and marketing roles need specific skills for managerial positions, and a framework for evaluating and developing these competencies is necessary. Currently, no such framework is known to exist. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing managerial positions and assess correlates related to the competency domains. METHODS This web-based study carried out between March and October 2022 enrolled a convenient sample of 60 pharmacists with managerial positions in sales and marketing, contacted by phone, working in the field of sales and marketing from the five governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Beqaa, Mount Lebanon, South, and North). RESULTS The framework demonstrated good construct and structural validity in all domains except for emergency preparedness, which had a low correlation with other domains. Competencies were well correlated with respective domains, and behaviors had excellent loadings on corresponding competencies. As for the correlates of the competency domains, males were more confident than females (p < .05), and participants with more experience (or heavier workload) reported higher competency levels (p < .05), particularly for upper management skills, communication skills, and professional practice. Further, education level was not significantly correlated with declared competency, with experience being the most cited source of competence (68.25%), followed by postgraduate degrees (42.48%) and continuing education sessions (33.93%), while undergraduate education was the least reported (29.5%). CONCLUSION This study could develop and validate the Specialized Competency Framework for Pharmacists in Managerial Positions in Sales and Marketing (SCF-PMSM) among a sample of Lebanese pharmacists. This framework demonstrated good reliability, content, construct, and structural validity in all the domains, with the competencies being well correlated with their respective domains and behaviors having excellent loadings on related competencies, except for emergency preparedness and response. It also revealed a mismatch between what is taught at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and the needs in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Randa Aoun
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Carla Abou Selwan
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- SciencePRO Medical and Marketing Solutions, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Carole Hassoun
- Roche Lebanon SARL, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Lebanon Pharma Group, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Rizk R, Haddad C, Sacre H, Malaeb D, Wachten H, Strahler J, Salameh P. Assessing the relationship between food insecurity and lifestyle behaviors among university students: a comparative study between Lebanon and Germany. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:807. [PMID: 37138254 PMCID: PMC10154760 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity is a common public health problem in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to profile food insecurity among university students in a developed country with stable economic circumstances (Germany) and a developing Mediterranean country undergoing a severe economic and financial crisis (Lebanon) and examine the associations between food insecurity and lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sleep, and adherence to a healthy eating pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet), stress, and financial well-being. METHOD This online cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022. Subjects were recruited through social media platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and personal email) and in-class announcements by several university professors of various majors and from different universities in Lebanon and Germany. The final sample included 547 participants (197 from Lebanon and 350 from Germany). RESULTS Our findings showed a higher food insecurity rate in Lebanon compared with Germany (59% versus 33%). In the bivariate analysis, food insecurity was associated with insomnia (r = 0.230; p < 0.001) and stress (r = 0.225; p = 0.001); German university students had higher physical activity (p < 0.001), better diet quality (p < 0.001), and lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0001) than Lebanese students. In the multivariable analyses, more stress was related to insomnia (B = 0.178; p < 0.001), while financial well-being was not associated with any of the lifestyle behaviors. Physical activity, insomnia, and Mediterranean diet adherence were not associated with the country or food insecurity (p > 0.05); however, living in Germany was associated with better diet quality (B = -7.85; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of food insecurity reported in this study is alarming, particularly among Lebanese students; German students had better diet quality and higher physical activity but worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, food insecurity was also associated with worse sleep and stress. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of food insecurity as a mediating factor between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rizk
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanna Wachten
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jana Strahler
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Akel M, Sakr F, Haddad C, Hajj A, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Safwan J, Salameh P. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of the General Population toward the Old-New Outbreak of Cholera in a Developing Country. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040236. [PMID: 37104361 PMCID: PMC10144007 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In October 2022, the first case of cholera since 1993 was recorded in Lebanon. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward cholera infection and its prevention among the general population in Lebanon and identify the associated factors related to the KAP assessment to guide prevention and awareness strategies. The nation's already precarious healthcare system might become overwhelmed by the response to the cholera outbreak. Therefore, evaluating the level of cholera-related KAP among the Lebanese population is crucial since it directly affects the disease's treatment, control, and prevention. Methods: This online cross-sectional study was carried out between October and November 2022 during the cholera outbreak in Lebanon. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 448 adults living in Lebanon. Results: The suggested KAP scales had adequate structural and convergent validity and were internally consistent. The disease knowledge was inversely associated with the reluctance to receive educational information (β = -1.58) and cigarette smoking (β = -1.31) but positively associated with the female gender (β = 1.74) and awareness of vaccine availability and efficacy (β = 1.34). For attitude, healthcare professionals were less frightened than others (β = 2.69). Better practices were related to better knowledge (β = 0.43), while inadequate practices were associated with getting information from social media (β = -2.47). Conclusions: This study could identify notable gaps in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which varied according to participant characteristics. Cholera incidence can be reduced by improved community education and training, increased access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene amenities, and changes in behavior. These findings warrant additional actions by public health stakeholders and governmental authorities to promote better practices and curb disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- UMR U955 INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec G1S 4L8, Canada
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut P.O. Box 1107-2180, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut P.O. Box 11-2807, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath P.O. Box 6573-14, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
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Sacre H, Salameh P. Actualités épidémiologiques des troubles neuropsychiatriques dans un pays en crise structurelle : le cas du Liban. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Haddad C, Chamoun A, Sacre H, Hallit S, Salameh P, Calvet B. Cognitive function in recovered COVID-19 Lebanese patients with schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36906570 PMCID: PMC10008071 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unclear whether COVID-19 which is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is associated with the deterioration of cognitive function among patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to evaluate changes in cognitive function before and after COVID-19 and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among 95 patients with schizophrenia followed from mid-2019 until June 2021 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC). This cohort was divided into a group diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 71) and another not diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 24). The questionnaire included the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). RESULTS The repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant effect of time and the interaction between time and being diagnosed or not with COVID-19 on cognition. However, being diagnosed or not with COVID-19 had a significant effect on global cognitive function (p = 0.046), verbal memory (p = 0.046), and working memory (p = 0.047). The interaction between being diagnosed with COVID-19 and cognitive impairment at baseline was significantly associated with a higher cognitive deficit (Beta = 0.81; p = 0.005). Clinical symptoms, autonomy, and depression were not associated with the cognition (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION COVID-19 disease affected global cognition and memory: patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had more deficits in these domains than those without COVID-19. Further studies are necessary to clarify the variation of cognitive function among schizophrenic patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France. .,Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon. .,School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon. .,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Angela Chamoun
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et de la Personne Âgée, d'Addictologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, 87000, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Unité de Recherche et d'Innovation, 87000, Limoges, France
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25
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Haddad C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Clément JP, Calvet B. Effects of antipsychotic and anticholinergic medications on cognition in chronic patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 36694187 PMCID: PMC9872384 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychosis frequently use a variety of psychotropic medicines, many of which have anticholinergic effects that can impair cognition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between medications used for neuropsychological disorders/symptoms and cognition in patients with schizophrenia, focusing on their anticholinergic load and antipsychotic doses. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study between July 2019 and Mars 2020 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross-Lebanon enrolled 120 inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The total anticholinergic burden was calculated based on the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), and the chlorpromazine equivalent dose was calculated using the Andreasen method to assess the relative antipsychotic dose. Also, the objective cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) tool. STUDY RESULTS A significantly higher BACS total score (r = -0.33, p < 0.001), higher verbal memory (r = -0.26, p = 0.004), higher working memory (r = -0.20, p = 0.03), higher motor speed (r = -0.36, p < 0.001), and higher attention and speed of information processing (r = -0.27, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower chlorpromazine equivalent dose. Higher ADS (Standardized Beta (SB) = -.22; p = .028), higher chlorpromazine equivalent dose (SB = -.30; p = .001), and taking mood stabilizer medications (SB = -.24; p = .004) were significantly associated with lower cognition. CONCLUSION This study confirms that the cognitive functions of chronic patients with schizophrenia may be affected by medications and their anticholinergic burden. More studies are needed to explain the role of cholinergic neurotransmission and general neurochemical mechanisms in the cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France. .,Centre Mémoire de Ressources Et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon. .,School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon. .,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus ,grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France ,grid.477071.20000 0000 9883 9701Centre Mémoire de Ressources Et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France ,grid.477071.20000 0000 9883 9701Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L’Adulte, de l’Agée Et d’Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France ,grid.477071.20000 0000 9883 9701Centre Mémoire de Ressources Et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France ,grid.477071.20000 0000 9883 9701Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L’Adulte, de l’Agée Et d’Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
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26
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Sacre H, Akel M, Haddad C, Zeenny RM, Hajj A, Salameh P. The effect of research on the perceived quality of teaching: a cross-sectional study among university students in Lebanon. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:31. [PMID: 36650494 PMCID: PMC9843099 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-03998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complementarity between research and teaching is still debated, although several higher education institutions require instructors to do research. In the absence of a consensus on this matter and given the lack of related studies in Lebanon, this study aimed to describe students' perception of research integration into teaching, and to link research and professional skills to quality teaching, using validated scales related to these concepts. METHODS A standardized questionnaire was diffused to university students; it included validated scales: the Student Perception of Research Integration Questionnaire (SPRIQ), the Adapted-Teachers' quality assessment questionnaire (A-TQAQ), the Student Evaluation of Teaching short form (SET37-QS), and Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Health Research Questionnaire. RESULTS Research integration was well perceived, and teaching was well evaluated by 445 participants from various disciplines, particularly those of a higher socioeconomic level, majoring in health, and females, as indicated by their mean scores. Research-active instructors had a significantly better-perceived teaching quality (17%; p < 0.001) than their non-active counterparts. This finding was particularly true among postgraduate and higher GPA students. The multivariable analysis showed that the knowledge and attitude towards research were related to students' better perception of research integration and higher evaluation of teaching. CONCLUSION This study showed an overall good perception of research and teaching evaluation among participants from various disciplines, with research-active instructors having a better-perceived teaching quality. These findings could guide decisions on research integration into curricula using multidisciplinary methodologies to strengthen research integration and involve students in research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Sacre H, Akel M, Haddad C, Salameh P. Pharmacy education and workforce: strategic recommendations based on expert consensus in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 36593528 PMCID: PMC9807099 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy in Lebanon has been taught for years, and the profession has known the golden ages in previous years. However, with the recent graduation of hundreds of pharmacists, without prior workforce planning, the oversupply of non-specialized pharmacists caused a mismatch with the needs of the market. The context of severe socioeconomic and sanitary crises has further exacerbated the situation, with hundreds of pharmacists leaving the country. A group of pharmacy experts joined to suggest strategic solutions to face such challenges, suggesting a clear strategy for education and the workforce, overarched by educational and professional values and based on six main pillars: (1) implement a national competency framework (including the core and specialized competency frameworks) to be used as a basis for licensure (colloquium); (2) implement a national pharmacy program accreditation, encompassing standards related to competencies adoption and assessment, curricula, teaching methods, research and innovation, instructors' and preceptors' skills, and experiential training; (3) organize training for students and early-career pharmacists; (4) optimize continuing education and implement continuous professional development, fostering innovation and specialization among working pharmacists; (5) develop and implement a pharmacy workforce strategy based on pharmacy intelligence, job market, and academic capacities; (6) develop and implement a legal framework for the above-mentioned pillars in collaboration with ministries and parliamentary commissions. Under the auspices of the relevant authorities, mainly the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon and the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, the suggested strategy should be discussed and implemented for a better future for the pharmacy profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.42271.320000 0001 2149 479XLaboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada ,grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M. Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon ,grid.444428.a0000 0004 0508 3124School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon ,grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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28
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Hajj A, Domiati S, Haddad C, Sacre H, Akl M, Akel M, Tawil S, Abramian S, Zeenny RM, Hodeib F, Salameh P. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the disposal of expired and unused medications among the Lebanese population. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:107. [PMID: 36585685 PMCID: PMC9802024 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication waste is a public health problem affecting developed and developing countries. In Lebanon, a developing country in the Middle East, efforts are being deployed in hospitals but not in the community. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate a questionnaire to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards the disposal of unused and expired medicines among the Lebanese population and then identify the factors associated with these variables comparatively between the general population and healthcare professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general Lebanese population in May-June 2022 using a standardized questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the KAP scales were assessed, then a thorough statistical analysis was done to explore the factors associated with these scales. RESULTS The KAP scales generated by this study were valid and reliable. Using these scales, 24.5%, 22.6%, and 21% of participants demonstrated proper knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with female gender (Beta = 0.97), a high monthly income (Beta = 1.68), a secondary (Beta = 6.11) or university (Beta = 6.80) education level, and postgraduate education (Beta = 7.13). However, older age (Beta = - 0.06) and a low monthly income (Beta = - 3.06) were significantly associated with lower knowledge scores. A higher knowledge score (Beta = 0.06) was significantly associated with a more positive attitude regarding unused or expired medication disposal. Being a healthcare professional (Beta = 0.72) was significantly associated with a higher practice score, while being a female (Beta = - 0.32) and living in a rural area (Beta = - 0.37) were significantly associated with lower practice scores. CONCLUSION This study validated KAP scales regarding medication waste in Lebanon and showed low KAP scores in the majority of respondents. Factors associated with higher KAP scores in various aspects of medication disposal, including gender, age, education level, and profession (healthcare professionals), suggest the need to consider those when implementing targeted corrective measures. Although further studies are required to confirm our findings, this study could be the ground for a medication waste management national strategy in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hajj
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada ,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC Canada ,grid.42271.320000 0001 2149 479XLaboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souraya Domiati
- grid.18112.3b0000 0000 9884 2169Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon ,grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon ,grid.444428.a0000 0004 0508 3124School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Akl
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.475243.30000 0001 0729 6738International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Samah Tawil
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon ,Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soula Abramian
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M. Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Hodeib
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus ,grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
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Iskandar K, Haddad C, Hajj A, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Salameh P. Assessing self-reported core competencies of public health practitioners in Lebanon using the WHO-ASPHER validated scale: a pilot study. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:882. [PMID: 36536409 PMCID: PMC9763804 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization and the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region recommend the self-assessment of public health core competencies to strengthen the proficiency of the public health workforce and prepare them for future challenges. A framework for these competencies is lacking and highly needed in Lebanon. This study aims to validate the WHO-ASPHER self-declared scale and evaluate the perceived competency level of the different categories of Lebanese public health practitioners. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study conducted online between July and September 2021 involved 66 public health practitioners who graduated from different universities in Lebanon. Data were collected using the snowball technique via a self-report questionnaire that assessed public health proficiency, categorized into 1) content and context, 2) relationship and interactions, and 3) performance and achievements. The rotated component matrix technique was used to test the construct validity of the scales. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed after ensuring the adequacy of the models. Significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The factor analysis for scale domains showed that the Barlett test sphericity was significant (p < 0.001), high loadings of items on factors, and Cronbach's alpha values of more than 0.9 in all three categories, showing an appropriate scale validity and reliability. The perceived level of competencies was significantly different between public health professionals and other health professionals with public health activities. All respondents scored low in most public health categories, mainly science and practice. CONCLUSION Data findings showed variability of self-declared gaps in knowledge and proficiency, suggesting the need to review the national public health education programs. Our study offers a valuable tool for academia and public health professionals to self-assess the level of public health proficiency and guide continuous education needs for professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
- , Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Nassar E, Kassouf S, Hajj A, Sacre H, Akel M, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. A pilot assessment of the career and job satisfaction of the pharmaceutical workforce in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 36443866 PMCID: PMC9703420 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon has been recognized as a center for high-quality healthcare services in the Middle East because of its prestigious facilities certified by international bodies, competent health workers, and credible pharmaceutical sector. This study assessed the professional situation of the Lebanese pharmaceutical workforce upon graduation and entry to the job market. It also evaluated the satisfaction of pharmacists with the financial, physical, and psychological aspects of their job and the effect of the current socioeconomic crisis on their profession. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed between January and May 2021 among 114 Lebanese pharmacists from all pharmaceutical sectors across Lebanon. A self-administered questionnaire was elaborated to assess the pharmaceutical workforce in Lebanon. The online questionnaire was built using Google Forms and disseminated via emails and social platforms. RESULTS Fresh graduates seemed more oriented toward community pharmacies, and 78.1% of the participants worked at least once in their lifetime in a community pharmacy. Pharmacists from the public university worked predominantly in the community pharmacy sector, while those who graduated from private universities worked mainly as medical representatives. Hospital pharmacy comprised significantly more PharmD graduates than other sectors; medical representatives had mainly a BS pharmacy, while those working as industrial pharmacists had a Master's degree. A low percentage (31.6%) of participants found it easy to get hold of a job across different pharmaceutical sectors while 64.0% considered the internships experience insufficient to get employed. Nearly half (48.2%) of the respondents were poorly satisfied with their job, and 54.0% of community pharmacists reported not working in their preferred field compared to 39.1% of pharmacists from other sectors. Also, 65.79% felt that the economic crisis and the consequent medication shortages affected their credibility and how society perceived them. About half (45.61%) of the participants reported that their employment status was not affected by the crisis; the rest got a second job to cover their expenses (15.79%) or changed jobs (14.91%). CONCLUSION Our study findings revealed that most Lebanese fresh graduates worked as community pharmacists, which does not correspond to their preference, the available job market, and the modern pharmacy wingspan. Most pharmacists were also financially, physically, and emotionally dissatisfied due to the Lebanese economic crisis that added heavy workloads and responsibilities without any financial raise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Nassar
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Sibelle Kassouf
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.42271.320000 0001 2149 479XLaboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada ,grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M. Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon ,grid.444428.a0000 0004 0508 3124School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon ,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Malaeb D, Cherri S, Fahs I, Sacre H, Abdallah E, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Management of Acute Stroke Among Lebanese Patients: Assessing Adherence to International Guidelines. Curr Drug Saf 2022; 18:555-562. [PMID: 36411559 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666221118151504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke accounts for around 87% of all strokes worldwide and is the second leading cause of mortality and a significant factor of disability in adults. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence to international treatment guidelines of ischemic stroke in Lebanese hospitals and evaluate factors associated with in-hospital mortality. METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted in three Lebanese hospitals between January 2018 and December 2019. All adult patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and who were subsequently admitted and treated in the internal medicine department, intensive care unit, or coronary care units were included in the study. RESULTS Out of 292 patients with stroke, 56.8 % were females with hypertension being the most common previous disease (38.4%). Concerning the acute management, 94.5% had an early brain imaging performed upon hospital presentation, 14.4% eligible for emergency reperfusion, 2.1% prescribed fibrinolytic therapy, 50% adherent with acute hypertension treatment, and 6.2% adherent with the antiplatelet regimen recommendation. The results highlight that right sided hemiparesis, decreased level of consciousness, and hyperthermia (T > 38°C) were significantly associated with in-hospital death. Guidelines in-adherence for the all the acute treatment measures and management strategies was 90.2 %. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights that guideline recommendations was not uniformly applied among all patients, and that recommendation standards set by the guidelines were not applied among all hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- Lebanese International University, Mouseitbah, Beirut, Lebanon-PO Box: 146404 Mazraa.,College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Cherri
- Lebanese International University, Mouseitbah, Beirut, Lebanon-PO Box: 146404 Mazraa
| | - Iqbal Fahs
- Lebanese International University, Mouseitbah, Beirut, Lebanon-PO Box: 146404 Mazraa
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emane Abdallah
- Lebanese International University, Mouseitbah, Beirut, Lebanon-PO Box: 146404 Mazraa
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- UMR 955 INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France.,École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France.,Stroke Unit, Service de Neurologie, CHU Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
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Akel M, Hajj A, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. Developing a national pharmaceutical research strategy in Lebanon: opportunities to bridge the gaps and reach the goals. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:83. [DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPharmaceutical research can be structured into clear national strategies that optimize patient health and foster innovation. The objectives of this document are to assess the need for a national pharmaceutical research strategy based on the current situation in Lebanon, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of pharmaceutical research in Lebanon, and to suggest a pharmaceutical research strategy for Lebanon, including goals and objectives. In Lebanon, in the absence of a national health research policy, pharmaceutical research is conducted in academia or hospitals, although projects are the result of personal or team initiatives that should be organized to better serve the needs of the country. Many strengths of pharmaceutical research were identified, such as the pharmaceutical workforce and academics who are willing to contribute to research, while the implementation of the national pharmaceutical strategy represents an important opportunity to promote research. Among the weaknesses is the lack of research culture in some institutions and interinstitutional/interprofessional collaborations. Thus, the suggested strategy aims to structure pharmaceutical research in Lebanon, including the priorities towards which research is directed, the process by which research is conducted, and the workforce conducting research. It will mainly rely on the World Health Organization's interrelated goals (organization, priorities, capacity, standards, and translation). The implementation of the suggested pharmaceutical research strategy will only be achieved through the leadership of the pharmaceutical authorities and the collaboration of stakeholders.
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Hajj A, Salameh P, Khoury R, Hachem R, Sacre H, Chahine G, Kattan J, Rabbaa Khabbaz L. Psychometric properties of the 37-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) scale. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3741-3753. [PMID: 36345984 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate the French version of the 37-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function, including the four items related to multitasking, previously excluded from the scoring algorithm. Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 261 cancer patients. Validity was confirmed by factor analyses using the principal component analysis technique. Results: Construct validity was demonstrated, and items loaded on subscales with adequate sample adequacy to factor analyses outcomes. Better cognitive functioning was noted with age and in working patients, whereas lower functioning was observed in metastatic patients. Conclusion: The 37-item French tool is valid and reliable; questions related to multitasking could be included in the score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus.,Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Khoury
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Roula Hachem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Chahine
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
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Hajj A, Khoury R, Hachem R, Awad A, Hallit S, Sacre H, Nasr F, Karak FE, Chahine G, Kattan J, Khabbaz LR. Clinical and genetic factors associated with self-reported cognitive deficits in women with breast cancer: the "CAGE-Cog" study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:996. [PMID: 36123640 PMCID: PMC9487123 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment are at particular risk of experiencing acute cognitive impairment leading to daily challenges in decision-making and reduced quality of life and functional autonomy. The aim was to assess the relationship between clinical and genetic factors and cognitive function in a sample of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2017 and June 2019 on women (N = 112) treated for breast cancer by intravenous chemotherapy at the oncology outpatient unit of Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut. Patients were evaluated with the 37-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog). Other validated scales were also used to assess depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, pain, and fatigue. DNA was obtained by a buccal swab (FTA®technology) for genotyping of different genes (ABCB1, COMT, DRD2, OPRM1, CLOCK, CRY2, and PER2) using the Lightcycler®(Roche). Results The mean age of participants was 56.04 years. Multivariable analysis, taking the four FACT-Cog subscores as the dependent variables, showed that the mean cognitive score decreased with higher depression, anxiety, and insomnia scores. Patients with university education levels had better perceived cognitive abilities than those with primary education. Moreover, carrying the G allele for the OPRM1 polymorphism (c.118A > G;rs197791) was significantly associated with a better cognitive function compared to AA patients (B = 2.05; p = 0.038). Conclusions A comprehensive oncological care plan should include a personalized assessment of all factors related to cognitive functioning in cancer patients, particularly anxiety and depression, to achieve an optimal patient outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10077-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Rita Khoury
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Hachem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aya Awad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Nasr
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Chahine
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique Et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kharaba Z, Feghali E, El Husseini F, Sacre H, Abou Selwan C, Saadeh S, Hallit S, Jirjees F, AlObaidi H, Salameh P, Malaeb D. An Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients With Asthma Through Physical, Emotional, Social, and Occupational Aspects. A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:883784. [PMID: 36117601 PMCID: PMC9477115 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.883784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a prevalent hyperactive airway disease with physical and emotional impact. Severe asthma is associated with considerable health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life through physical, emotional, social and occupational aspects and evaluate the factors affecting HRQoL in patients with asthma. Methods This is a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted on adult asthmatic patients enrolled from community pharmacies across different Lebanese geographic areas. Results Having wheezing sometimes and most of the time (Beta = -0.144 and -0.552), experiencing anxiety sometimes and most of the time (Beta = -0.205 and -0.573), encountering sleep problems sometimes and most of the time (Beta = -0.270 and -0.553), having previous chest discomfort sometimes and most of the time (Beta = -0.421 and -0.713), and having depression most of the times (Beta = -0.415) were associated with higher lower quality of life scores. On the other side, holding a secondary level of education was associated with a higher quality of life score (Beta = 0.192). Conclusion This study highlights that asthma affects adults' quality of life through social, emotional, physical, and occupational impacts. Improved follow-up and patient education may be essential in the future to stop disease progression and achieve ideal therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Al Ain University Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC), Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emilie Feghali
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah El Husseini
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Abou Selwan
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sylvia Saadeh
- Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France,Health and Sciences Department, American University of Health and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Feras Jirjees
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hala AlObaidi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon,College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Diana Malaeb
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Karam J, Haddad C, Sacre H, Serhan M, Salameh P, Jomaa L. Financial Wellbeing and Quality of Life Among a Sample of the Lebanese Population: The Mediating Effect of Food Insecurity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906646. [PMID: 35967774 PMCID: PMC9364834 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lebanon is undergoing multiple overlapping crises, affecting the food security, financial well-being, and quality of life (QOL) of its residents. Objective The primary objective was to assess the food insecurity (FI) status of a sample of the Lebanese population. The second objective was to explore factors related to QOL parameters and evaluate the mediating effect of food security between financial well-being and QOL. Methods The study was cross-sectional and enrolled 412 participants recruited online using the snowball sampling technique. The survey included questions related to sociodemographic and economic characteristics of Lebanese households and validated scales to assess FI, QOL measures, financial well-being, and fear of COVID-19. Results Almost 43% of the study participants reported being food insecure, with 31% experiencing mild FI, 10% moderate FI, and 1.5% severe FI. Compared to food-insecure participants, food secure participants had a significantly higher income (58.5% vs. 39.2%, p < 0.001), a university education level (96.6% vs. 88.1%, p = 0.002), an average perceived financial status (83.9% vs. 65.9%), higher financial well-being scores (5.14 vs. 3.19, p < 0.001), and lower crowding index (0.94 ± 0.4 vs. 1.09, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that FI was not associated with physical (Beta = −1.48, 95% CI: −3.10; 0.13) and mental (Beta = −1.46, 95% CI −3.68; 0.75) QOL, after adjusting for other demographic and socioeconomic correlates. This association remained non-significant when introducing the financial well-being variable to the model. Mediation analyses showed that the FI variable mediated the association between financial well-being and physical QOL (Beta = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02; 0.36), but not the mental QOL (Beta = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.20; 0.14). Conclusion Food insecurity was prevalent in our study sample, and it mediated the association between financial well-being and physical, but not mental, QOL parameters. These findings call for evidence-based policies and programs to help improve the food security and well-being of Lebanese households amidst these unprecedented circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Karam
- Nutrition Department, Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Nutrition Department, Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sakr F, Haddad C, Zeenny RM, Sacre H, Akel M, Iskandar K, Hajj A, Salameh P. Work Ethics and Ethical Attitudes among Healthcare Professionals: The Role of Leadership Skills in Determining Ethics Construct and Professional Behaviors. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081399. [PMID: 35893220 PMCID: PMC9332812 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The provision of healthcare is transforming, necessitating changes in descriptions and frameworks for ethical leadership. This study aimed to assess the association of the different leadership skills with the work ethical constructs and attitudes among healthcare professionals. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a snowball sampling technique was used to enroll healthcare practitioners. The questionnaire used in this study included two parts: the first part gathered the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, while the second part consisted of three validated assessment scales, i.e., work ethics, ethical attitudes questionnaire for public health professionals, and leadership skills questionnaire. (3) Results: Higher work ethics and a higher intrinsic work motivation subscale were significantly associated with high leadership administrative skills (Beta = 6.04, p = 0.019, and Beta = 2.55, p < 0.001, respectively). However, higher leadership conceptual skills (Beta = −1.07, p = 0.027) were associated with a lower intrinsic work motivation subscale. Higher leadership administrative skills (Beta = 28.39, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher ethical attitudes scores. (4) Conclusions: Higher administrative leadership has an imperative positive impact on work ethic in the provision of different public health services. Leadership skills are not limited to a specific profession, experience, or career stage of health care, and could significantly predict the individual ethical attitude and professional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (M.A.); (K.I.)
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UMR U955 INSERM, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-3977750
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib 1201, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Rony M. Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1105, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (M.A.); (K.I.)
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon; (M.A.); (K.I.)
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath 1103, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1103, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon; (C.H.); (R.M.Z.); (H.S.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath 1103, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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Malaeb D, Dia N, Haddad C, Hallit S, Sacre H, Barakat M, Mansour S, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Factors associated with knowledge and awareness of stroke among the Lebanese population: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:425. [PMID: 35677174 PMCID: PMC9160706 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108734.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of the knowledge about stroke in the general population is extremely vital as it prevents stroke development, limits complications, and achieves better quality of life. We assume that the general Lebanese population lacks awareness about stroke and its associated complications. This study aims to evaluate stroke knowledge and determine the factors associated with stroke awareness among the general Lebanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and the identification of risk factors, warning signs, stroke consequences, and early response to stroke symptoms. A total of 551 Lebanese adults without a history of stroke filled in an online self-reported questionnaire publicly shared on social applications. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with poor knowledge of stroke. Results: Among the 551 participants enrolled, 403 (74.2%) were females and 312 (56.7%) were under 30 years of age. Females compared to males and employed compared to unemployed had significantly higher odds of identifying at least one risk factor (OR=4.3 [95%CI=1.1;16.8] and 6 [95%CI=1.2;29.6], respectively). Also, when compared to unemployed, employed participants had significantly higher odds of recognizing at least one of the early stroke symptoms (OR=3.3 [95%CI=1.2;8.9]) and identifying at least one of the stroke consequences (OR=5.3 [95%CI=1.1;25.9]). Reaching a university level of education compared to a school level was associated with significantly higher odds (OR=2.3 [95%CI=1.1;4.8]) of taking a patient to a hospital. Conclusion: Well-educated, employed, and female participants were more knowledgeable about stroke. Tailored interventions focusing on individuals with inadequate stroke literacy are needed. Further studies, more representative of the general Lebanese population with a larger sample size, are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Dia
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, JalEddib, Lebanon
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol, IRD, U1094 tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, JalEddib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O Box 446, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jaddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Sacre
- Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Mansour
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Stroke Unit, Service de Neurologie, CHU Henri Mondor- 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- UPE-C, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris, France
- INSERM U955-E01, IMRB, Créteil, France
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Haddad C, Chidiac J, Sacre H, Salameh P, Hallit R, Obeid S, Soufia M, Hallit S. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Social Anxiety Among Lebanese Adolescents. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2022; 24. [DOI: 10.4088/pcc.21m03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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El Hachem R, El Osta N, Sacre H, Salameh P, Wassef E, Le Brun G, Pellen F, Le Jeune B, Daou M, Khalil I, Abboud M. Lack of Correlation Between the Penetration of Two Types of Sealers and Interfacial Adaptation to Root Dentine. Eur Endod J 2022; 7:150-155. [PMID: 35786577 PMCID: PMC9285998 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2022.06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the correlation between sealer penetration into dentinal tubules and interfacial adaptation to root canal walls using a hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealer, Endosequence Bioceramic Sealer (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), and an epoxy resin-based sealer, AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). METHODS Sixty-four maxillary central incisors were endodontically prepared with nickel-titanium rotary instruments and randomly assigned into two groups (n=32). Roots were filled with gutta-percha using a single-cone technique in conjunction with one of the two sealers, AHP or BCS. Sealers were mixed with Rhodamine B and analysed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Transverse sections at 5 mm from root apex were obtained. The circumference of the root canal wall was first outlined and measured to determine the circumferential percentage of sealer penetration. The regions along the canal walls where the sealer had penetrated the dentinal tubules were delineated and measured. Then, the outlined distances were divided by the canal circumference. The width of each gap was measured and pooled for each specimen for comparison to determine the interfacial adaptation. The measurements were repeated twice to ensure reproducibility. Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare continuous variables between AHP and BCS groups. The correlation between gap width and percentage of sealer penetration was investigated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between groups regarding the percentage of sealer penetration (P>0.05) and the gap width (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant correlation between the two variables analysed for AHP (r=0.165; P>0.05) and BCS (r=-0.147; P>0.05) and in the overall sample (r=0.061; P>0.05). CONCLUSION The present results show no correlation between interfacial adaptation and sealer penetration in dentinal tubules in the total sample and among sealer subgroups. The ability of root canal sealers to penetrate dentinal tubules cannot be considered a sign of better interfacial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Equipe d'accueil EA 4847, Center for Research in Clinical Odontology (CROC), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Oral Health Unit, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology-Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology-Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
- Deparment of Research, Lebanese University Faculty of Pharmacy, Hadat, Lebanon
- Deparment of Research, Lebanese University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Elie Wassef
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Guy Le Brun
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Fabrice Pellen
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Bernard Le Jeune
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Maha Daou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Oral Health Unit, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Abboud
- Department of Physics, UR TVA, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Science, Beirut, Lebanon
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Fattouh N, Haddad C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Hallit R, Soufia M, Hallit S, Obeid S. A National Study of the Association of Attachment Styles With Depression, Social Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation Among Lebanese Adolescents. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2022; 24. [DOI: 10.4088/pcc.21m03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Khalil J, Boutros S, Kheir N, Kassem M, Salameh P, Sacre H, Akel M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Eating disorders and their relationship with menopausal phases among a sample of middle-aged Lebanese women. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:153. [PMID: 35538474 PMCID: PMC9092875 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between the transition to menopause, body dissatisfaction, and abnormal eating habits (restrained eating, binge eating, and orthorexia nervosa) in a sample of middle-aged Lebanese women. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and January 2020 enrolled 1001 women aged 40 years and above from all Lebanese governorates. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews with all participants. The Body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory‑second version was used to assess body dissatisfaction, whereas the Binge Eating Scale, Dutch Restrained Eating Scale, ORTO-15, Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), and Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) were used to assess eating disorders (binge eating, restrained eating and orthorexia nervosa respectively. Multivariable analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare multiple measures among the three menopausal phases, after adjustment over potential confounding variables (age, monthly income, body mass index, marital status, education level, and body dissatisfaction). Results Postmenopause was significantly associated with more orthorexia nervosa tendencies (lower ORTO-15 scores) than premenopause (β = − 1.87; p = 0.022). Perimenopause was associated with more binge eating (β = 1.56; p = 0.031), and less orthorexia nervosa (as measured by the DOS) than premenopause, with this association tending to significance (β = − 1.10; p = 0.051). Furthermore, higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with higher restrained eating (β = 0.02; p < 0.001), binge eating (β = 0.48; p < 0.001), and orthorexia nervosa as measured by ORTO-15 (β = − 0.17; p < 0.001) and TOS (β = 0.08; p = 0.002), but not DOS. Conclusion Our study showed that menopausal stages are associated with some disordered eating behaviors (binge eating and orthorexia nervosa) among middle-aged women. Those results may serve as a first step towards spreading awareness among women within this age group regarding eating attitudes. Moreover, healthcare professionals should screen for the presence of disordered eating during those women’s routine visits to the clinics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01738-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Khalil
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Boutros
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Maha Kassem
- Faculty of Medicine, New Vision University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
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Maalouf E, Salameh P, Haddad C, Sacre H, Hallit S, Obeid S. Attachment styles and their association with aggression, hostility, and anger in Lebanese adolescents: a national study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:104. [PMID: 35449029 PMCID: PMC9026695 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The idea that attachment styles can affect the level of anger in an individual educes a reason why people develop anger issues and behavioral problems in adolescence that escalate into adulthood. Lebanon suffers from a shortage of data pertaining to insecure attachment styles and the affective and cognitive aspects of anger and behavioral anger expression among the Lebanese youth population. This study aimed to investigate the association between attachment dimensions and anger expression (trait anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) among a sample of Lebanese adolescent participants. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed between January and May 2019 among 1810 Lebanese high-school students aged 12–18 and used two validated measures, the Adolescent-Relationship Questionnaire (A-RQ) and The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The A-RQ assessed attachment behaviors, while the BPAQ evaluated aggression. Results Higher fearful and dismissing attachment styles, and higher physical activity index were significantly associated with higher physical and verbal aggression. A higher fearful attachment style was significantly associated with more anger. A higher secure attachment style was significantly associated with less anger. Higher preoccupied and dismissing attachment styles were significantly associated with higher hostility. Conclusion Our findings revealed a significant relationship between both insecure attachment dimensions and the tripartite model of anger expression. This study adds to the anger literature by providing a more informed understanding of how variations in anger expression are linked to the processing of interpersonal interactions, which are the hidden facets of attachment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Maalouf
- Department of Life and Science, Paris Est University, Paris, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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Malaeb D, Dia N, Haddad C, Hallit S, Sacre H, Barakat M, Mansour S, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Factors associated with knowledge and awareness of stroke among the Lebanese population: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:425. [PMID: 35677174 PMCID: PMC9160706 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108734.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of the knowledge about stroke in the general population is extremely vital as it prevents stroke development, limits complications, and achieves better quality of life. We assume that the general Lebanese population lacks awareness about stroke and its associated complications. This study aims to evaluate stroke knowledge and determine the factors associated with stroke awareness among the general Lebanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and the identification of risk factors, warning signs, stroke consequences, and early response to stroke symptoms. A total of 551 Lebanese adults without a history of stroke filled in an online self-reported questionnaire publicly shared on social applications. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with poor knowledge of stroke. Results: Among the 551 participants enrolled, 403 (74.2%) were females and 312 (56.7%) were under 30 years of age. Females compared to males and employed compared to unemployed had significantly higher odds of identifying at least one risk factor (OR=4.3 [95%CI=1.1;16.8] and 6 [95%CI=1.2;29.6], respectively). Also, when compared to unemployed, employed participants had significantly higher odds of recognizing at least one of the early stroke symptoms (OR=3.3 [95%CI=1.2;8.9]) and identifying at least one of the stroke consequences (OR=5.3 [95%CI=1.1;25.9]). Reaching a university level of education compared to a school level was associated with significantly higher odds (OR=2.3 [95%CI=1.1;4.8]) of taking a patient to a hospital. Conclusion: Well-educated, employed, and female participants were more knowledgeable about stroke. Tailored interventions focusing on individuals with inadequate stroke literacy are needed. Further studies, more representative of the general Lebanese population with a larger sample size, are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Life Sciences and Health Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Dia
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, JalEddib, Lebanon
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol, IRD, U1094 tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, JalEddib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O Box 446, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jaddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Sacre
- Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Mansour
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Stroke Unit, Service de Neurologie, CHU Henri Mondor- 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- UPE-C, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Paris, France
- INSERM U955-E01, IMRB, Créteil, France
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Haddad C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Clément JP, Calvet B. The use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening tool to evaluate cognitive deficits in Lebanese in-patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 70:103029. [PMID: 35189473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief cognitive impairment screening tool suitable for a rapid diagnosis of cognitive functioning. The primary objective was to examine the ability of the MoCA to detect cognitive impairment and functioning (autonomy and social cognition) among Lebanese patients with schizophrenia. The secondary objective was to evaluate factors related to cognition. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and Mars 2020 that enrolled 120 in-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The MoCA tool and the BACS were used to evaluate the patients' cognitive functioning. RESULTS The MoCA adjusted total score was significantly correlated with the BACS total score (r = .72, p < .001). The cut-off value of the MoCA for detecting mild cognitive impairment was 21, moderate cognitive impairment was 20.50 and severe cognitive impairment was 19.5. The multivariable analysis showed that the MoCA total score and the BACS score resulted in a non-significant association with autonomy. Also, higher cognition (higher BACS) (B =.10, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with a higher MoCA total score. However, higher depression (B=-.18, p = .02) and higher psychosis (B=-.04, p = .01) were significantly associated with lower MoCA. CONCLUSION The Arabic version of the MoCA can be a useful tool for screening cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France; Research department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France; Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France; Unité Recherche et Innovations, centre hospitalier Esquirol, 87025 Limoges, France
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Nohra RG, Chaaban T, Sacre H, Salameh P, Aoun Bacha Z, Le Bon Chami B, Abou Rizk F, Makhlouf P, Rothan-Tondeur M. Evaluating the Feasibility and Pretesting the Impact of an Educational and Telemonitoring Program for COPD Patients in Lebanon. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:949-965. [PMID: 35510164 PMCID: PMC9058009 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s339592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and pretest the effectiveness of an educational and telemonitoring program in a sample of Lebanese COPD patients to inform the design of a randomized study. Patients and Methods This study recruited a convenient sample of 15 patients from the pulmonology departments of four hospitals. Validated questionnaires were adapted to meet the context of this study in terms of adequacy, acceptability, adoption, fidelity, and cost. The impact of this program on quality of life and anxiety was measured by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the COPD Clinical Questionnaire (CCQ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All measurements were performed before and after the intervention. Results All 15 participants who agreed to participate in this intervention found the program adequate and acceptable for addressing COPD-related issues. Regarding adoption, all participants declared having no difficulty explaining to others the content of the education sessions and that they would suggest this program to other COPD patients. In terms of effectiveness, six patients had improving in quality of life scores, and five patients had lower anxiety and depression scores compared to baseline measures. A knowledge assessment was done at the end of each session, showing an increase in knowledge for all participants. Skills were also assessed at the end of the program. Participants made no errors that had an impact on their health. Regarding the cost, it was difficult to evaluate the relative cost of this intervention given the economic situation in the country. Conclusion This study is the first to evaluate the application of telehealth to optimize COPD management in Lebanon. The approach proposed gave insights into the different obstacles and facilitating factors for implementing such a project to allow a large-scale work on the adaptation of the COPD patient to his disease in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Georges Nohra
- Chaire Recherche Sciences Infirmières, Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la santé, LEPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, INSPECT-LB, Beirut, Lebanon
- Correspondence: Rita Georges Nohra, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Chaire Recherche Sciences Infirmières, Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la santé, LEPS, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, Villetaneuse, 93000, France, Tel +961 76 144 873; +33 7 67 23 36 34, Email
| | - Taghrid Chaaban
- Chaire Recherche Sciences Infirmières, Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la santé, LEPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
- Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khaldeh - Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, INSPECT-LB, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, INSPECT-LB, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese Amerian University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus
| | - Zeina Aoun Bacha
- Department of Pulmonary Disease,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fadi Abou Rizk
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Makhlouf
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Notre Dame du Liban Hospital, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Monique Rothan-Tondeur
- Chaire Recherche Sciences Infirmières, Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la santé, LEPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
- Chaire Recherche Sciences Infirmières, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Haddad C, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Hajj A, Akel M, Iskandar K, Salameh P. Should samples be weighted to decrease selection bias in online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic? Data from seven datasets. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35249541 PMCID: PMC8898325 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Online surveys have triggered a heated debate regarding their scientific validity. Many authors have adopted weighting methods to enhance the quality of online survey findings, while others did not find an advantage for this method. This work aims to compare weighted and unweighted association measures after adjustment over potential confounding, taking into account dataset properties such as the initial gap between the population and the selected sample, the sample size, and the variable types. Methods This study assessed seven datasets collected between 2019 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic through online cross-sectional surveys using the snowball sampling technique. Weighting methods were applied to adjust the online sample over sociodemographic features of the target population. Results Despite varying age and gender gaps between weighted and unweighted samples, strong similarities were found for dependent and independent variables. When applied on the same datasets, the regression analysis results showed a high relative difference between methods for some variables, while a low difference was found for others. In terms of absolute impact, the highest impact on the association measure was related to the sample size, followed by the age gap, the gender gap, and finally, the significance of the association between weighted age and the dependent variable. Conclusion The results of this analysis of online surveys indicate that weighting methods should be used cautiously, as weighting did not affect the results in some databases, while it did in others. Further research is necessary to define situations in which weighting would be beneficial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01547-3.
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Elnakib S, El Khoury G, Salameh P, Sacre H, Abirafeh L, Robinson WC, Metzler J. Investigating Incidence, Correlates, and Consequences of Child Marriage Among Syrian Refugees Residing in the South of Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:S64-S71. [PMID: 35184834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research on child marriage has increased in volume but remains scarce in humanitarian settings. This study aimed to investigate rates, correlates, and consequences of child marriage among Syrian refugees in South Lebanon. METHODS A sample of 1,593 female adolescents and 893 adults was selected using a multistage stratified cluster survey design. We quantified the cumulative incidence of child marriage among age cohorts of female refugees and identified risk factors associated with child marriage using survival methods. We also presented sexual and reproductive health measures among child brides. RESULTS We found evidence that child marriage was widely practiced among adolescent girls, with Kaplan-Meier curves showing that 32.56% of girls aged 10-19 transitioned to marriage by age 17. Although high, this was lower than rates among women aged 25-29 (p < .005), indicating that child marriage was already widely practiced in prewar Syria. Our Cox models indicated that several factors, which mirror drivers of child marriage in stable settings, are associated with hazard of child marriage in this context. We additionally found important sexual and reproductive health gaps among child brides, such as low levels of knowledge of the dangers of early childbearing and closely spaced births as well as high rates of early and multiple births. CONCLUSIONS Child marriage is a pervasive practice among Syrian refugees residing in this setting. Our results suggest that a confluence of factors at different levels of the social ecology increase refugee girls' vulnerability to child marriage. They also demonstrate the pressing need for interventions that target refugee child brides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Elnakib
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland.
| | - Ghada El Khoury
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Department of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- Department of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Abirafeh
- Department of Research, The Arab Institute for Women, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - W Courtland Robinson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland
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Awad E, Obeid S, Sacre H, Salameh P, Strahler J, Hallit S. Association between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa: any moderating role of maladaptive personality traits? Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:483-493. [PMID: 33840074 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the possible moderating relation between impulsive behavior and maladaptive personality traits in regards to orthorexia nervosa (ON). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2019 and recruited 519 Lebanese adults from seven community pharmacies randomly selected from a list provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists. The Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) was employed to assess orthorexic eating tendencies, the I-8 measured impulsivity and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID) evaluated maladaptive personality traits. RESULTS Our results showed that, for I-8 subscales, only higher perseverance (B = 0.31) was significantly associated with higher ON. In regard to PID-5 subscales, only higher negative affect (B = - 0.34) was significantly associated with lower ON. Furthermore, significant interactions were found between personality traits and impulsivity to predict TOS-ON. CONCLUSION The current results show that female gender, maladaptive personality traits and impulsivity present contributing factors regarding orthorexic eating. Certain impulsivity dimensions were confirmed to interact with personality traits in the prediction of orthorexic eating thereby highlighting possible risk factors and psychopathological mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, Faculty of Human-Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Nohra RG, Morvillers JM, Sacre H, Salameh P, Rothan-Tondeur M. Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lebanon: a phenomenological study. East Mediterr Health J 2022; 28:114-120. [DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lebanon has the fastest growing older adult population in the Arab region but few social resources to address their needs. No studies have explored the experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Lebanon. Aims: Exploring the experiences of individuals living with COPD in Lebanon. Method: Using a descriptive phenomenological research design, qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with COPD patients living in Lebanon, between May 2019 and September 2019. Results: Fifty participants agreed to be interviewed. The majority were men (56%) and had moderate COPD (40%). Mean age was 71.5 (standard deviation 9.0) years. We found that COPD affects three dimensions of patients’ lives: educational, organizational and psychosocial. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for multidisciplinary strategies to address the needs of people with COPD in Lebanon, including their caregivers. Strategies include patient education and the development of new methods to facilitate and promote partnership between health care professionals, COPD patients and their caregivers.
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