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Ding W, Guan Y, Peterhans B, Hoffmann A, Zhou XN. Adaptation of the CUGH global health competency framework in the Chinese context: a mixed-methods study. Glob Health Res Policy 2023; 8:46. [PMID: 37919804 PMCID: PMC10621075 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) developed a global health competency framework and called for its validation. Given China's increasing engagement in global health over the past decade, there is a need for a tailored competency framework to enhance the capacity of its workforce. This study aimed to localize the CUGH global health framework within the Chinese context, offering guidance to public health professionals in China to bolster their capabilities for international endeavors. METHODS Employing a modified Delphi consultation approach, this study adapted the CUGH global health competency framework through three consultation rounds and a panel discussion. A questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale was developed to gather opinions from 37 experts on the significance and feasibility of each competency within the Chinese setting. Profiling information, judgment criteria, and familiarity with each competency were collected to assess experts' authority levels. Furthermore, a priority survey was administered to 51 experts to identify key competencies and provide recommendations for bolstering the capabilities of China's public health professionals. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS The adapted framework comprises 10 domains and 37 competencies including: 1. Global Burden of Disease; 2. Social-economic, Environmental and Behavioral Determinants of Health; 3. The Impact of Globalization on Population Health, Health Systems, and Healthcare; 4. Major Global health initiatives and efforts; 5. Ethics, Health Equity and Social Justice; 6. Sociocultural, Political Awareness and Policy Promotion; 7. Personal Competencies and Professional Practice; 8. Capacity strengthening; 9. Collaboration, Partnering and Communication; 10. Programme Management. The priority survey underscored Domain 9, 10, and 4 as the foremost concern for Chinese public health professionals, urging active learning, critical thinking, open communication, experiential learning, and case-based studies. Institutions were advised to enhance their capacity, foster partnerships, and discern China's distinct role in the global health arena. CONCLUSIONS This study adapted the CUGH framework within the Chinese context, evaluating the significance and feasibility of each competency. The adapted framework can serve as a tool for developing global health curricula and delineating roles for Chinese public health professionals. To ensure contextual compatibility, testing of the framework with diverse public health professionals is recommended, enabling precise refinement of competencies based on empirical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yayi Guan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bernadette Peterhans
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Namnoum J, Hajj A, Iskandar K, Sacre H, Akel M, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. Assessing and validating the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing (SCF-PSM): a cross-sectional analysis in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 37885029 PMCID: PMC10605801 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Competencies refer to the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors individuals develop through education, training, and experience. These competencies can be formulated into a framework to support practitioner development for effective and sustained performance. In the absence of a national framework for pharmacy education and practice in Lebanon, the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL, the official association of pharmacists in Lebanon) pioneered the development of a pharmacy competency framework in 2017. This study aimed to validate and assess the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing (SCF-PSM) after updating the framework previously published by the OPL. The secondary objective was to assess, in a pilot survey, the personal characteristics associated with these competencies. METHODS After validating the content of the specialized competency framework, a survey involving Lebanese pharmacists was performed through a 15-min online questionnaire distributed over social media platforms, groups of pharmacists, and individual pharmacists' contact numbers. KEY FINDINGS Pharmaceutical knowledge, communication, emergency response, and operation management during emergencies were satisfactory (more than 80/100). Other activities during emergencies, such as patient care and population health interventions and evaluation, research, and dissemination of research outcomes, received a moderate score (75-78/100), similar to legal practice (78/100), teamwork (76/100), and management skills (75/100). The lowest reported confidence was related to professional communication skills (other than communication per se), mainly negotiation, data processing skills, information technology, self-management, and ethical practice (< 75/100). This study reported deficiencies between what is acquired during undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education on the one hand and the competency framework suggested by the OPL on the other hand, showing a mismatch between the competencies of working pharmacists acquired during education and the market needs. CONCLUSIONS This study validated a competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing and explored the current gaps in self-reported competencies. It also identified areas necessitating reinforcement to optimize professional practice and underscored the need for improvement in undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, 2 Rue Ambroise Croizat Alfortville, 94140, Créteil, France.
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Safwan J, Akel M, Sacre H, Haddad C, Sakr F, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Salameh P. Academic pharmacist competencies in ordinary and emergency situations: content validation and pilot description in Lebanese academia. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:737. [PMID: 37803447 PMCID: PMC10559412 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a similar study in the Lebanese context, this study aimed to validate the content of the specialized competencies frameworks of academic pharmacists (educators, researchers, and clinical preceptors) and pilot their use for practice assessment in the context of multiple severe crises. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2022 among academic pharmacists enrolled by snowball sampling using a questionnaire created on Google Forms. RESULTS The suggested frameworks had appropriate content to assess the competencies of academic pharmacists. Educators and clinical preceptors were confident in all their competencies except for emergency preparedness. Researchers had varying levels of confidence, ranging from moderate to high confidence for many competencies, but gaps were reported in fundamental research, conducting clinical trials, and pharmacy practice research (mean < 80). Educators and researchers relied primarily on experience and postgraduate studies, while clinical preceptors emphasized undergraduate studies to acquire their respective competencies. Continuing education sessions/programs were the least cited as a competency-acquiring venue across all roles. CONCLUSION This study could develop and validate the content of frameworks for specialized competencies of academic pharmacists, including educators, researchers, and clinical preceptors, in a challenging setting. The frameworks were also piloted for practice assessment, which could contribute to supporting effective performance and sustained development of practitioners and help link the skills and competencies pharmacists learn during their studies with those required for a career in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Chamoun N, Ramia E, Sacre H, Haddad M, Haddad C, Hajj A, Namnoum J, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Akel M, Salameh P. Validation of the specialized competency framework for pharmacists in hospital settings (SCF-PHS): a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 37430355 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the content of the specialized competency frameworks for pharmacists working in hospital settings (hospital and clinical pharmacists) and pilot the frameworks for practice assessment. METHODS This online cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2022 among a sample of 96 Lebanese pharmacists working in hospital settings. The frameworks were distributed to full-time hospital and clinical pharmacists, who filled them out according to their role in the hospital. RESULTS Overall, the competencies were distributed over five domains for hospital pharmacists (fundamental skills, safe and rational use of medicines, patient-centered care, professional skills, and preparedness for emergencies), while for clinical pharmacists, competencies were distributed over seven domains (quality improvement, clinical knowledge and skills, soft skills, ability to conduct clinical research, ability to provide effective education, use information technology to make decisions and reduce errors, and emergency preparedness). Moreover, Cronbach alpha values were appropriate, indicating sufficient to high internal consistency. Pharmacists were highly confident in most competencies, with some exceptions related to research in emergency settings (data evaluation, research, and reporting). CONCLUSIONS This study could validate competency frameworks for clinical and hospital pharmacists, with the competencies and their respective behaviors showing an adequate construct analysis. It also identified the domains that require further development, i.e., soft skills and research in emergency settings. Both these domains are timely and needed to overcome the current practice challenges in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibal Chamoun
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lebanese American University School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elsy Ramia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lebanese American University School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang H, Xiang X, Dong L. Exploring a competency framework for the chief financial officer of a hospital: a qualitative study from China. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:692. [PMID: 37370142 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital chief financial officer (CFO) plays a vital role in supporting the effective management of organization. Understanding their competencies is essential to improve hospital development and health care services in China. This paper aims to explore competencies necessary for hospital CFOs to fulfil their management responsibilities and develop a competency framework for hospital CFOs in China. METHODS A qualitative study was applied by conducting in-depth interviews with 151 participants from 15 Chinese provinces, comprising 89 individuals from 67 hospitals, and 62 individuals from 39 medical universities. Interviews were anonymised, recorded and transcribed. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied through a multi-stage review process and modified via the Delphi process using a national panel of 36 experts. RESULTS Using content analysis, we identified 17 competencies organized into three themes (personal attitudes, leadership competencies and managerial competencies) to conduct a competency framework for hospital CFO to fulfil their management practices. Those competencies emphasized the integration of different competencies required by the hospital CFO. CONCLUSIONS This paper identified the detailed expertise, abilities and personal traits required by hospital CFOs in China, expanding the insights and perspectives of hospital CFOs currently working in China to literature. The proposed framework will help hospitals establish selection criteria, coaching tools, and development plans for CFOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- Research Center of Hospital Management and Medical Prevention, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Xin Xiang
- Institute of Fiscal and Finance, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Luping Dong
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Sullivan A, Ogunseitan O, Epstein J, Kuruchittham V, Nangami M, Kabasa D, Bazeyo W, Naigaga I, Kochkina O, Bikaako W, Ahmad N, Yawe A, Muhumuza C, Nuraini R, Wahyuni I, Adli R, Moonsom S, Huong L, Pham P, Kelly T, Wolking D, Smith W. International stakeholder perspectives on One Health training and empowerment: a needs assessment for a One Health Workforce Academy. One Health Outlook 2023; 5:8. [PMID: 37280666 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One Health is defined as an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems; this approach attracts stakeholders from multiple sectors, academic disciplines, and professional practices. The diversity of expertise and interest groups is frequently and simultaneously framed as (1) a strength of the One Health approach in the process of understanding and solving complex problems associated with health challenges such as pathogen spillovers and pandemics and (2) a challenge regarding consensus on essential functions of One Health and the sets of knowledge, skills, and perspectives unique to a workforce adopting this approach. Progress in developing competency-based training in One Health has revealed coverage of various topics across fundamental, technical, functional, and integrative domains. Ensuring that employers value the unique characteristics of personnel trained in One Health will likely require demonstration of its usefulness, accreditation, and continuing professional development. These needs led to the conceptual framework of a One Health Workforce Academy (OHWA) for use as a platform to deliver competency-based training and assessment for an accreditable credential in One Health and opportunities for continuing professional development. METHODS To gather information about the desirability of an OHWA, we conducted a survey of One Health stakeholders. The IRB-approved research protocol used an online tool to collect individual responses to the survey questions. Potential respondents were recruited from partners of One Health University Networks in Africa and Southeast Asia and international respondents outside of these networks. Survey questions collected demographic information, measured existing or projected demand and the relative importance of One Health competencies, and determined the potential benefits and barriers of earning a credential. Respondents were not compensated for participation. RESULTS Respondents (N = 231) from 24 countries reported differences in their perspectives on the relative importance of competency domains of the One Health approach. More than 90% of the respondents would seek to acquire a competency-based certificate in One Health, and 60% of respondents expected that earning such a credential would be rewarded by employers. Among potential barriers, time and funding were the most cited. CONCLUSION This study showed strong support from potential stakeholders for a OHWA that hosts competency-based training with opportunities for certification and continuing professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oladele Ogunseitan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | | | - Vipat Kuruchittham
- Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mabel Nangami
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Kabasa
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Bazeyo
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Naigaga
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olesya Kochkina
- Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN), Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Winnie Bikaako
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nur Ahmad
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Yawe
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN), Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rahmi Nuraini
- Indonesia One Health University Network (INDOHUN), Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Indira Wahyuni
- Indonesia One Health University Network (INDOHUN), Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Raja Adli
- Malaysia One Health University Network (MyOHUN), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Saengduen Moonsom
- THOHUN-National Coordinating Office, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lai Huong
- Vietnam One Health University Network (VOHUN); and Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Pham
- Vietnam One Health University Network (VOHUN), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Terra Kelly
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - David Wolking
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Woutrina Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Guo H, Zhu W, Li J. Developing a core competency framework for advanced practice nursing in mainland China: a sequential exploratory study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:179. [PMID: 37221496 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) have been highly valued and an integral part of the health care system. Development and establishment of new APN roles is a complex process that has resulted from a wide variety of reasons, key component is a lack of a competency map delineation and role evaluation. Currently, however, competence framework has not been compared at an international level. In mainland China, APN have been introduced in some organizations but their competency domains have not yet been clearly defined, this study aimed to identify the core competencies for advanced practice nursing. METHODS This study was performed in two phases: first, in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 46 participants from key stakeholders were carried out followed by a qualitative content analysis, then an item pool of core competencies was constructed by extracting data from the first phase and the results from previous studies, scales and documents; second, a Delphi technique was conducted with the participation of 28 experts from 7 areas of China to form the final core competency framework for advanced practice nursing. RESULTS Through the qualitative phase, the core competency framework with six domains and 70 items emerged and then entered into the Delphi phase. Twenty-eight of 30 experts finished 2 rounds of Delphi approaches. The final core competencies for advanced practice nursing consisted of six domains with 61 items, including direct clinical nursing practice, research and evidence-based nursing practice, professional development, organization and management, mentoring and consultation, and ethical/legal practice. CONCLUSION This core competency framework consisted of six domains with 61 items can be used in competency-based education to cultivate advanced practice nurses as well as competency level assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Guo
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Nursing Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Meilianti S, Galbraith K, Bader L, Udoh A, Ernawati D, Bates I. The development and validation of a global advanced development framework for the pharmacy workforce: a four-stage multi-methods approach. Int J Clin Pharm 2023:10.1007/s11096-023-01585-x. [PMID: 37179511 PMCID: PMC10366019 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that a generalisable and translatable global framework is a useful tool for supporting career progression and recognising advanced practice. AIM To develop and validate a global advanced competency development framework as a tool to advance the pharmacy profession globally. METHOD A four-stage multi-methods approach was adopted. In sequence, this comprised an assessment of initial content and a cultural validation of the advanced level framework. Following this, we conducted a transnational modified Delphi followed by an online survey sampling the global pharmacy leadership community. Finally, a series of case studies was constructed exemplifying the framework implementation. RESULTS Initial validation resulted in a modified draft competency framework comprising 34 developmental competencies across six clusters. Each competency has three phases of advancement to support practitioner progression. The modified Delphi stage provided feedback on framework modifications related to cultural issues, including missing competencies and framework comprehensiveness. External engagement and case study stages provided further validity on the framework implementation and dissemination. CONCLUSION The four-staged approach demonstrated transnational validation of a global advanced competency framework as a mapping and development tool for the pharmacy professions. Further study is needed to develop a global glossary of terminologies on advanced and specialist practice. Also, developing an accompanying professional recognition system and education and training programmes to support framework implementation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherly Meilianti
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Kirsten Galbraith
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, VIC, 3052, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lina Bader
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arit Udoh
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Desak Ernawati
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, 80234, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ian Bates
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, The Netherlands
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Sacre H, Aoun R, Haddad C, Abou Selwan C, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Hajj A, Hassoun C, Namnoum J, Iskandar K, Salameh P. Specialized competency framework for pharmacists in managerial positions in sales and marketing (SCF-PMSM): development, validation, and correlates. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 37170278 PMCID: PMC10173228 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists in sales and marketing roles need specific skills for managerial positions, and a framework for evaluating and developing these competencies is necessary. Currently, no such framework is known to exist. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a specialized competency framework for pharmacists in sales and marketing managerial positions and assess correlates related to the competency domains. METHODS This web-based study carried out between March and October 2022 enrolled a convenient sample of 60 pharmacists with managerial positions in sales and marketing, contacted by phone, working in the field of sales and marketing from the five governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Beqaa, Mount Lebanon, South, and North). RESULTS The framework demonstrated good construct and structural validity in all domains except for emergency preparedness, which had a low correlation with other domains. Competencies were well correlated with respective domains, and behaviors had excellent loadings on corresponding competencies. As for the correlates of the competency domains, males were more confident than females (p < .05), and participants with more experience (or heavier workload) reported higher competency levels (p < .05), particularly for upper management skills, communication skills, and professional practice. Further, education level was not significantly correlated with declared competency, with experience being the most cited source of competence (68.25%), followed by postgraduate degrees (42.48%) and continuing education sessions (33.93%), while undergraduate education was the least reported (29.5%). CONCLUSION This study could develop and validate the Specialized Competency Framework for Pharmacists in Managerial Positions in Sales and Marketing (SCF-PMSM) among a sample of Lebanese pharmacists. This framework demonstrated good reliability, content, construct, and structural validity in all the domains, with the competencies being well correlated with their respective domains and behaviors having excellent loadings on related competencies, except for emergency preparedness and response. It also revealed a mismatch between what is taught at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and the needs in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Randa Aoun
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon.
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Carla Abou Selwan
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- SciencePRO Medical and Marketing Solutions, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicament (LPCQM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Carole Hassoun
- Roche Lebanon SARL, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Lebanon Pharma Group, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joya Namnoum
- Methodology and Statistics in Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Katia Iskandar
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Andreou V, Peters S, Eggermont J, Embo M, Michels NR, Schoenmakers B. Fitness-for-purpose of the CanMEDS competencies for workplace-based assessment in General Practitioner's Training: a Delphi study. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37005633 PMCID: PMC10067520 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the exponential use of the CanMEDS framework along with the lack of rigorous evidence about its applicability in workplace-based medical trainings, further exploring is necessary before accepting the framework as accurate and reliable competency outcomes for postgraduate medical trainings. Therefore, this study investigated whether the CanMEDS key competencies could be used, first, as outcome measures for assessing trainees' competence in the workplace, and second, as consistent outcome measures across different training settings and phases in a postgraduate General Practitioner's (GP) Training. METHODS In a three-round web-based Delphi study, a panel of experts (n = 25-43) was asked to rate on a 5-point Likert scale whether the CanMEDS key competencies were feasible for workplace-based assessment, and whether they could be consistently assessed across different training settings and phases. Comments on each CanMEDS key competency were encouraged. Descriptive statistics of the ratings were calculated, while content analysis was used to analyse panellists' comments. RESULTS Out of twenty-seven CanMEDS key competencies, consensus was not reached on six competencies for feasibility of assessment in the workplace, and on eleven for consistency of assessment across training settings and phases. Regarding feasibility, three out of four key competencies under the role "Leader", one out of two competencies under the role "Health Advocate", one out of four competencies under the role "Scholar", and one out of four competencies under the role "Professional" were deemed as not feasible for assessment in a workplace setting. Regarding consistency, consensus was not achieved for one out of five competencies under "Medical Expert", two out of five competencies under "Communicator",one out of three competencies under "Collaborator", one out of two under "Health Advocate", one out of four competencies under "Scholar", one out of four competencies under "Professional". No competency under the role "Leader" was deemed to be consistently assessed across training settings and phases. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a mismatch between the initial intent of the CanMEDS framework and its applicability in the context of workplace-based assessment. Although the CanMEDS framework could offer starting points, further contextualization of the framework is required before implementing in workplace-based postgraduate medical trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Andreou
- Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Box 7001, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Sanne Peters
- Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Box 7001, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Embo
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Health and Care Research, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele R Michels
- Center for General Practice, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Birgitte Schoenmakers
- Academic Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Box 7001, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Alfaifi S, Bridges S, Arakawa N. Developing pharmacists' competencies in Saudi Arabia: A proposed national competency framework to support initial education and professional development. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2022; 14:1256-1268. [PMID: 36280556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the currently accelerating changes in pharmacists' roles in Saudi Arabia, evidence-based developmental tools are required to guide initial pharmacy education and define competencies for early career (foundation level) pharmacists' progression. This study aimed to develop a profession-wide competency framework for foundation level pharmacists in Saudi Arabia using the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) as the source framework. METHODS An online nominal group technique was used to develop consensus on a profession-wide national competency framework in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit experts from local various pharmacy sectors. A combination of self-administered surveys and online meetings was used to measure and develop consensus. The survey items were adopted from the FIP GbCF version 2. RESULTS Nine pharmacy experts participated in five iterative rounds of consensus measurement and development between July and November 2021. Consensus was achieved on appropriateness to Saudi pharmacy practice for all the behaviours in the "Pharmaceutical Public Health," "Pharmaceutical Care," and "Professional/Personal" clusters. The "Organisation and Management" cluster caused most differences of opinion. The final consensus generated a list of 125 behavioural statements for inclusion in the national competency framework. CONCLUSION This study proposes the first competency framework for foundation level pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The developed framework represents a consensus on competencies for foundation level pharmacists working across all pharmacy sectors and is eligible for supporting further improvement of initial pharmacy education and support excellence in pharmacists' performance to address the country's needs from pharmaceutical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihah Alfaifi
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stephanie Bridges
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Naoko Arakawa
- School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Simpson M, Millerick Y, Girdler-Heald L, Higginbotham K, Whittingham K, Masters J, Barton C. Developing the Heart Failure Specialist Nurse Competency Framework. Br J Nurs 2022; 31:732-737. [PMID: 35856586 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.14.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to outline the underpinning conceptual principles of advanced nursing and competency embedded in the Heart Failure Specialist Nurse Competency Framework, launched in January 2021. The authors refer to Benner's novice to expert pedagogy and explore how this provides a robust framework on which to assess the progress of the heart failure specialist nurse. Some key considerations are discussed, for example the importance of constructive feedback and feed-forward in the individual's learning cycle. Finally, plans for the future are discussed and the importance of evaluation in the authors' ongoing commitment to improving the learning experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Simpson
- Advanced Clinical Nurse Specialist, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank
| | - Yvonne Millerick
- Nurse Consultant, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and Senior Lecturer, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow
| | - Lucy Girdler-Heald
- Lead Heart Failure Nurse Specialist, Upton Hospital, Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Karen Higginbotham
- Senior Lecturer Adult Nursing, School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool
| | - Katharine Whittingham
- Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - Jayne Masters
- Lead Heart Failure Nurse Specialist, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton
| | - Carys Barton
- Nurse Consultant, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
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Robbrecht M, Norga K, Van Winckel M, Valcke M, Embo M. Development of an integrated competency framework for postgraduate paediatric training: a Delphi study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:637-646. [PMID: 34498171 PMCID: PMC8425852 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Competency-based education (CBE) has transformed medical training during the last decades. In Flanders (Belgium), multiple competency frameworks are being used concurrently guiding paediatric postgraduate CBE. This study aimed to merge these frameworks into an integrated competency framework for postgraduate paediatric training. In a first phase, these frameworks were scrutinized and merged into one using the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) framework as a comprehensive basis. Thereafter, the resulting unified competency framework was validated using a Delphi study with three consecutive rounds. All competencies (n = 95) were scored as relevant in the first round, and twelve competencies were adjusted in the second round. After the third round, all competencies were validated for inclusion. Nevertheless, differences in the setting in which a paediatrician may work make it difficult to apply a general framework, as not all competencies are equally relevant, applicable, or suitable for evaluation in every clinical setting. These challenges call for a clear description of the competencies to guide curriculum planning, and to provide a fitting workplace context and learning opportunities.Conclusion: A competency framework for paediatric post-graduate training was developed by combining three existing frameworks, and was validated through a Delphi study. This competency framework can be used in setting the goals for workplace learning during paediatric training. What is Known: •Benefits of competency-based education and its underlying competency frameworks have been described in the literature. •A single and comprehensive competency framework can facilitate training, assessment, and certification. What is New: •Three existing frameworks were merged into one integrated framework for paediatric postgraduate education, which was then adjusted and approved by an expert panel. •Differences in the working environment might explain how relevant a competency is perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Robbrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Norga
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ,grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Myriam Van Winckel
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Valcke
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Embo
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,Expertise Network Health and Care, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Voetweg 66, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sheppard G, Devasahayam AJ, Campbell C, Najafizada M, Yi Y, Power A. The prevalence and patterns of use of point-of-care ultrasound in Newfoundland and Labrador. Can J Rural Med 2021; 26:160-168. [PMID: 34643555 DOI: 10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_61_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is used for diagnostic and procedural guidance by physicians in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). POCUS use is largely limited to urban locations and the training is variable amongst physicians. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of POCUS devices in NL and the secondary aim was to characterise the patterns of POCUS use amongst physicians in NL. Methods This is a mixed-methods cross-sectional study. We determined the prevalence of POCUS devices from purchase records and the patterns of POCUS use through theme-based interviews. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using standardised qualitative methods. Results Ten physicians (3 females, 5 rural) participated in the interviews. The overall prevalence of POCUS devices in NL was 12.5/100,000 population. Participants in urban areas had more access to POCUS training and devices. Participants used POCUS on a daily or weekly basis to rule in or out life-threatening conditions and improve access to specialist care. The benefits of POCUS included expedited investigations, decreased radiation and increased patient satisfaction. The barriers to using POCUS were lack of training, time, devices, image archiving software, difficulty generating and interpreting images and patient body habitus. Conclusion This is the first study to our knowledge to report the prevalence of POCUS devices in Canada. Physicians who practise in rural NL have limited access to POCUS devices and have identified barriers to POCUS training. Connecting physicians in rural areas with POCUS experts through a province-wide POCUS network may address these barriers and improve healthcare access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Sheppard
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University, Canada
| | | | - Craig Campbell
- Medical Student with the Faculty of Medicine at Memorial Univeristy, Canada
| | - Maisam Najafizada
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University, Canada
| | - Yanqing Yi
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University, Canada
| | - Amanda Power
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University, Canada
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Batt AM, Williams B, Brydges M, Leyenaar M, Tavares W. New ways of seeing: supplementing existing competency framework development guidelines with systems thinking. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2021; 26:1355-1371. [PMID: 34003391 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-021-10054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Competency frameworks provide a link between professional practice, education, training, and assessment. They support and inform downstream processes such as curriculum design, assessment, accreditation and professional accountability. However, existing guidelines are limited in accounting for the complexities of professional practice potentially undermining utility of such guidelines and validity of outcomes. This necessitates additional ways of "seeing" situated and context-specific practice. We highlight what a conceptual framework informed by systems thinking can offer when developing competency frameworks. Mirroring shifts towards systems thinking in program evaluation and quality improvement, we suggest that similar approaches that identify and make use of the role and influence of system features and contexts can provide ways of augmenting existing guidelines when developing competency frameworks. We framed a systems thinking approach in two ways. First using an adaptation of Ecological Systems Theory which offers a realist perspective of the person and environment, and the evolving interaction between the two. Second, by employing complexity thinking, which obligates attention to the relationships and influences of features within the system, we can explore the multiple complex, unique, and context-embedded problems that exist within and have stake in real-world practice settings. The ability to represent clinical practice when developing competency frameworks can be improved when features that may be relevant, including their potential interactions, are identified and understood. A conceptual framework informed by systems thinking makes visible features of a practice in context that may otherwise be overlooked when developing competency frameworks using existing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Batt
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.
- McNally Project for Paramedicine Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Brett Williams
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Madison Brydges
- McNally Project for Paramedicine Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health, Ageing and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Leyenaar
- McNally Project for Paramedicine Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Tavares
- McNally Project for Paramedicine Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Wilson Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Post‑MD Education (Post‑Graduate Medical Education/Continued Professional Development), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Guerreiro MP, Strawbridge J, Cavaco AM, Félix IB, Marques MM, Cadogan C. Development of a European competency framework for health and other professionals to support behaviour change in persons self-managing chronic disease. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34016108 PMCID: PMC8136137 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare and other professionals are expected to support behaviour change in people living with chronic disease. However, effective behaviour change interventions are largely absent in routine encounters. The Train4Health project, a European strategic partnership for higher education, sought to address this problem. The primary aim of this study, which is part of an early work package, was to develop an interprofessional competency framework for health and other professions to support behaviour change for the self-management of chronic disease at a European level. A secondary aim was to derive a set of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) from an established taxonomy to link with framework competencies. METHODS The study comprised two interlinked parts. Part 1 involved a two-round e-Delphi study with an interprofessional panel of 48 experts across 12 European countries to develop the behaviour change competency framework. Preparatory work included drafting a list of competency statements based on seven existing frameworks. Part 2 involved an expert panel of six behavioural psychologists deriving a set of BCTs to link with framework competencies. Their feedback was based on preparatory work, which focused on seven high priority chronic diseases for self-management, identified through European projects on self-management and identifying five relevant target behaviours from key clinical guidelines. A literature search yielded 29 effective BCTs for the target behaviours in the selected chronic diseases. RESULTS Twenty-seven competency statements, were presented in Round 1 to the Delphi panel. Consensus was achieved for all statements. Based on comments, two statements were removed, one was added, and 14 were modified. All 15 statements subjected to Round 2 were consensus-approved, yielding a total of 12 foundational competencies for behaviour change in self-management of chronic disease and 14 behaviour change competencies. Four behaviour change competencies related to BCTs. Behavioural psychologists' feedback led to a core set of 21 BCTs deemed applicable to the five target behaviours across the seven chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS A behaviour change competency framework comprising 26 statements for European health and other professionals to support self-management of chronic disease was developed, linked with a core set of 21 BCTs from an established taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pereira Guerreiro
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Judith Strawbridge
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Isa Brito Félix
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Moreira Marques
- ADAPT SFI Research Centre & Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cathal Cadogan
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Almalki M, Jamal A, Househ M, Alhefzi M. A multi-perspective approach to developing the Saudi Health Informatics Competency Framework. Int J Med Inform 2020; 146:104362. [PMID: 33360116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the key sets of competencies necessary for a Health Informatics (HI) professional to practice effectively either solo or as a member of a multidisciplinary team has been challenging for the regulator and registration body responsible for the healthcare workforce in Saudi Arabia, which is the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a HI competency framework to guide SCFHS to introduce a HI certification program that meets local healthcare needs and is aligned with the national digital health transformation strategy. METHODOLOGY A two-phase mixed methods approach was used in this study. For phase 1, a scoping review was conducted to identify HI competencies that have been published in the relevant literature. Out of a total 116 articles found relevant, 20 were included for further analysis. For phase 2, Saudi HI stakeholders (N = 24) that included HI professionals, administrators, academics, and healthcare professionals were identified and participated in an online survey, and asked to rank the importance of HI competencies distinguished in phase 1. To further validate and contextualize the competency framework, multiple focus groups and expert panel meetings were undertaken with the key stakeholders. RESULTS For phase 1, about 1315 competencies were initially extracted from the included studies. After iterative reviews and refinements of codes and themes, 6 preliminary domains, 23 sub-domains and 152 competencies were identified. In phase 2, a total of 24 experts participated in the online surveys and ranked 58 out of 152 competencies as 'very important/required', each received 75 % or more of votes. The remaining competencies (N = 94) were included in a list for a further discussion in the focus groups. A Total of fourteen HI experts accepted and joined in the focus groups. The multiphase approach resulted in a competency framework that included 92 competencies, that were grouped into 6 domains and 22 subdomains. The six key domains are: Core Principles; Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Health Sciences; Health Data Analytics; Education and Research; Leadership and Management. CONCLUSION The study developed the Saudi Health Informatics Competency Framework (SHICF) that is based on an iterative, evidence-based approach, with validation from key stakeholders. Future work should continue the validation, review, and development of the framework with continued collaboration from relevant stakeholders representing both the healthcare and educational communities. We anticipate that this work will be expanded and adopted by relative professional and scientific bodies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Almalki
- Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mowafa Househ
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mohammed Alhefzi
- Preventive Medicine and Clinical Informatics, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Regions, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Haqan A, Smith F, Al-Taweel D, Bader L, Bates I. Using a global systematic framework tool to guide the advancement of the pharmacy workforce education and training on a national level. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:1101-1109. [PMID: 32912830 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic education and training strategies play a critical role in preparing a competent pharmacy workforce to meet the evolving healthcare needs of nations. Reports have shown that investing in healthcare workers' education and training not only has a positive impact on employment rates and economic growth but also results in measurable improvement in health and population outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of globally validated workforce goals as a guide to the planning and advancement of the Kuwait pharmacy workforce's education and training. METHODS A mixed-approach qualitative study involving representatives of key stakeholders was conducted. Focus group interviews were carried out with pharmacists with patient and non-patient facing roles (N = 33). In addition, semi-structured interviews with the three main pharmacy Continuing Professional Development (CPD) providers in the country were conducted. Data were analysed using a framework analysis method. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed and coded using MAXQDA-12. The International Pharmaceutical Federation Workforce Development Goals (FIP WDGs) were used as the framework for data analysis. RESULTS Participants' responses highlighted three main priorities: the importance of initial and post-graduation needs-based education (WDG 2), the need for competency development and competency frameworks (WDG 5), and the crucial role of active policy and regulations that would enforce the profession development (WDG 9). Investing in competency development was seen the top priority for the pharmacy workforce in Kuwait. CONCLUSION This study provided insights into areas in need of systematic development for pharmacy workforce in Kuwait including foundation training for early career pharmacists, competency development and competency frameworks, and policies and regulations that would enforce the profession development. In addition, the use of the FIP WDGs framework was found to offer a framing device to better understand and identify priorities and needs for pharmacy workforce development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Al-Haqan
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK.
| | - Felicity Smith
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK.
| | - Dalal Al-Taweel
- Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Lina Bader
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, the Netherlands.
| | - Ian Bates
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK.
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Al-Haqan A, Smith F, Bader L, Bates I. Competency development for pharmacy: Adopting and adapting the Global Competency Framework. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:771-785. [PMID: 32739247 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With current accelerated changes in the role of the pharmacists across different sectors, evidence-based developmental tools are needed to re-define the scope of practice for early career pharmacists (foundation level) and to support pharmacists' career development. This study aimed to develop a foundation competency framework for pharmacists in Kuwait using the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) in an adopt and adapt approach. METHODS A 4-phase adopt and adapt approach was followed to develop the Kuwait Foundation Competency Framework (KFCF). Phase one involved translating the FIP GbCF, into Arabic using parallel translation. Phase two utilises 2 consensus panels validation involving pharmacists from public and private sectors. Phase three involved a national survey to all registered pharmacists in Kuwait. The final phase involved focus groups with pharmacists and a consensus panel validation with key policy and decision makers in the pharmacy practice and education sectors in Kuwait. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, while quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. RESULTS The translation phase yielded a bilingual framework that could be utilised by pharmacists in Kuwait. The initial validation phase identified 70 behavioural statements (out of the GbCF's 100) as 'highly relevant' or 'relevant' to pharmacy practice in Kuwait. Findings from the national survey identified a list of behaviours that could be adapted in Kuwait context as well as competencies that were perceived as least relevant to Kuwait practice. The final validation phase generated a list of 98 behavioural statements to be included in the KFCF along with recommendations and an action plan to facilitate the adaptation of the framework. CONCLUSION This study presents the first bilingual (Arabic/English) pharmacy foundation competency framework that builds on the FIP GbCF. The KFCF could be utilised as a developmental tool to support pharmacists' performance at foundation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Al-Haqan
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK; Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Felicity Smith
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK.
| | - Lina Bader
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, the Netherlands.
| | - Ian Bates
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1 N 1AX, UK.
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Zeitoun A, Sacre H, Hallit S, Zeenny RM, Sili G, Salameh P. Clinical preceptor competencies for a better pharmacy education: a suggested framework for Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32587705 PMCID: PMC7313193 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiential education is a core element in developing the ability of pharmacy students to apply theory to practice, solve problems, and acquire standard pharmacist competencies. To achieve this goal, preceptors play a crucial role as teachers, mentors, and evaluators. The study objective was to identify and describe the core competencies and skills considered essential to the success of clinical preceptor pharmacists in the training of future care providers, in a steadily changing environment. METHODS A task force was formed within the Scientific Committee of the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists to map, sort, select, and adapt international competencies to the current Lebanese context. RESULTS Seven roles were identified: Role model/Practitioner/Mentor, Supervisor/Facilitator/Coach/Teacher, Manager, Collaborator/Communicator, Leader, Clinical expert, and Researcher. Related competencies were also defined. CONCLUSION all aforementioned competencies are expected to improve the acquisition of learning by pharmacy trainees in Lebanon. This framework can be used by pharmacy program directors and preceptors for developmental purposes through self- or peer-evaluation processes, identifying gaps, and helping to fill the needs for a better workforce in academic and experiential pharmacy education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Zeitoun
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rony M. Zeenny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Sili
- Continuing Education Department, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Bornioli A, Evans D, Cotter C. Evaluation of the UK Public Health Skills and Knowledge Framework (PHSKF): implications for international competency frameworks. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:956. [PMID: 32552689 PMCID: PMC7301561 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The value of competency frameworks for developing the public health workforce is widely acknowledged internationally. However, there is a lack of formal evaluations of such frameworks. In the UK, the Public Health Skills and Knowledge Framework (PHSKF) is a key tool for the public health workforce across the UK, and this study presents the evaluation of the PHSKF 2016 version, with the aim of reflecting on implications for international public health competency frameworks. Methods A sequential explanatory design was employed. An online survey (n = 298) was completed with stakeholders across the four UK nations and different sectors. This was followed by 18 telephone interviews with stakeholders and survey completers. Quantitative results were analysed descriptively; qualitative transcripts were analysed with thematic analysis. Results Most respondents had used the PHSKF occasionally or rarely, and most users found it useful (87%) and easy to use (82%). Main purposes of use included team/workforce development (e.g. setting of standards) and professional development (e.g. identify professional development opportunities). Some positive experiences emerged of uses of the PHSKF to support organisational redevelopments. However, 23% of respondents had never used the framework. Areas for improvement included greater clarity on purpose and audience, the need for more support from employers and for clear career progression opportunities, and stronger links with other competency frameworks. Conclusions The development of a digital version of the PHSKF, together with improving buy-in from the workforce and employers could make an important contribution towards UK public health workforce development. Further evaluation and shared learning internationally of the implementation of public health competency frameworks would support global public health workforce development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bornioli
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, Department of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, England.
| | - David Evans
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, Department of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, England
| | - Claire Cotter
- Workforce Development, Public Health, Bristol, England
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Mills JA, Middleton JW, Schafer A, Fitzpatrick S, Short S, Cieza A. Proposing a re-conceptualisation of competency framework terminology for health: a scoping review. Hum Resour Health 2020; 18:15. [PMID: 32085739 PMCID: PMC7035756 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competency frameworks are being taken up by a growing number of sectors and for a broad range of applications. However, the topic of competency frameworks is characterised by conceptual ambiguity, misunderstanding and debate. Lack of consistency in the conceptualisation and use of key terminology creates a barrier to research and development, consensus, communication and collaboration, limiting the potential that competency frameworks have to deal with real workforce challenges. This paper aims to advance the field by conducting a detailed review of the literature to understand the underlying causes of conceptual differences and divergent views and proposing a re-conceptualisation of competency framework terminology for use by the health sector. METHODS A broad scoping review of literature was conducted to identify publications relating to the conceptualisation of competency frameworks and key terms, examine how they are conceptualised and determine how this evolved. In addition, a purposive sample of health-related competency frameworks was chosen to illustrate how the terms and concepts are currently being applied in the health context. RESULTS Of the 4 155 records identified, 623 underwent text searches and broad quantitative analysis, and 70 were included for qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis identified 26 key terms, which were coded under six thematic headings. Qualitative analysis using the thematic areas revealed two distinct conceptualisations of competency frameworks and their terminology emerging concurrently in the education and employment sectors, with different underpinnings and purposes. As competency frameworks have developed, these two conceptualisations intertwined, resulting in the same terms being used to convey different concepts. Examination of health-related frameworks showed that this merging of concepts is prominent, with lack of consistency in definitions and use of key terms even within a single organisation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Building on previous efforts to address the lack of conceptual clarity surrounding competency frameworks, this paper proposes a re-conceptualisation of the terminology that encompasses two distinct competency framework interpretations, using a glossary of mutually exclusive terms to differentiate concepts. The re-conceptualisation holds relevance for multiple competency framework applications within health, enabling harmonisation, clear communication, consensus-building and effective implementation of competency frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody-Anne Mills
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - James W Middleton
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Schafer
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephanie Short
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alarcos Cieza
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Flora PK, Bender JL, Miller AS, Parvin L, Soheilipour S, Maharaj N, Milosevic E, Matthew A, Kazanjian A. A core competency framework for prostate cancer peer navigation. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:2605-14. [PMID: 31616997 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trained peer navigators can offer valuable peer support and mentorship to cancer patients and caregivers due to their highly relevant and unique perspective about the disease experience. In order to define the role of prostate cancer (PC) peer navigators within the cancer care system, it is important to establish the essential competencies of a PC peer navigator. We systematically identified and verified a set of core competencies for PC peer navigators and present a competency framework for PC peer navigators. METHODS In phase 1, we conducted formative research consisting of a literature review and environmental scan as well as a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews. In phase 2, we drafted and mapped competencies. Finally in phase 3, expert stakeholders completed an anonymous survey to indicate whether they endorsed the competencies and to rank the importance of each competency to the peer navigator role. Open-ended feedback was also provided for each competency. RESULTS Six core competency domains emerged: (1) self as navigator, (2) communication, (3) knowledge/information, (4) facilitate patient-centred care, (5) eHealth/technology, and (6) caregiver needs. Forty-seven core competency statements were mapped to these domains. Expert stakeholders (n = 27) included cancer survivors, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Most (89%) of core competency statements were endorsed by stakeholders and received high priority ratings, whereas only five of the competencies were less uniformly endorsed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first attempt to list core competencies for PC peer navigators and may offer guidance for standardizing the PC peer navigator role and training.
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Atreya S, Jeba J, Pease N, Thyle A, Murray S, Barnard A, Munday D, Mathews L, Leng M, Palat G, Ganesh A, Chakraborty S, Anbarasi S, Kumar R, Muckaden M, Grant E. Primary palliative care competency framework for primary care and family physicians in India-Collaborative work by Indian Association of Palliative Care and Academy of Family Physicians of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2563-2567. [PMID: 31548932 PMCID: PMC6753829 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_451_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrepancy in the demand for palliative care and distribution of specialist palliative care services will force patients to be eventually cared for by primary care/family physicians in the community. This will necessitate primary care/family physicians to equip themselves with knowledge and skills of primary palliative care. Indian National Health Policy (2017) recommended the creation of continuing education programs as a method to empower primary care/family physicians. With this intention, a taskforce was convened for incorporating primary palliative care into family/primary care practice. The taskforce comprising of National and International faculties from Palliative Care and Family Medicine published a position paper in 2018 and subsequently brainstormed on the competency framework required for empowering primary care/family physicians. The competencies were covered under the following domains: knowledge, skills and attitude, ethical and legal aspects, communication and team work. The competency framework will be presented to the National Board of Examinations recommending to be incorporated in the DNB curriculum for Family Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Atreya
- Department of Palliative Care and Psycho-oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jenifer Jeba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikki Pease
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ann Thyle
- Emmanuel Hospital Association, New Delhi, India
| | - Scott Murray
- Emeritus Professor of Primary Palliative Care, Primary Palliative Care Research Group, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Alan Barnard
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan Munday
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lulu Mathews
- Institute of Palliative Medicine, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Mhoira Leng
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Africa
| | - Gayatri Palat
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alka Ganesh
- Department of Medicine, G Kuppuswamy Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sulagna Chakraborty
- Department of Palliative Medicine, AMRI Dhakuria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahaya Anbarasi
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Maryann Muckaden
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elizabeth Grant
- Global Health Academy and the Primary Palliative Care Group, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Arakawa N, Yamamura S, Duggan C, Bates I. The development of a foundation-level pharmacy competency framework: An analysis of country-level applicability of the Global Competency Framework. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 16:396-404. [PMID: 31324568 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance and usefulness of competency frameworks (CFs) in pharmacy professional development is recognised globally. However, there is no national CF for pharmacists in Japan yet. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to measure the level of relevance of behavioural statements of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) to Japanese foundation-level pharmacy practice, aiming for developing a national framework for foundation-level pharmacists in Japan. METHODS A cross-sectional, anonymous, online self-completed survey was conducted during June and July 2018 in Japan. The questionnaire was adopted from the GbCF, translated into Japanese. A snowballing sampling approach was used. The relevance levels of the GbCF items were assessed by using 4-point Likert scales, and analysed by descriptive and inferential methods. RESULTS A total 604 useable responses were included in analyses. High levels of relevance levels were found in two clusters ('pharmaceutical public health' and 'pharmaceutical care'), while the other two clusters ('organisation and management' and 'professional/personal') showed significantly low relevance (relevance = 89.6%, 82.5%, 59.6%, and 67.9%, respectively). The study found little engagement of the academic sector with framework, while the industry sector showed relevance to all clusters evenly. Regarding years working in sectors, there was no progression of relevance in 'organisation and management' and 'professional/personal' competencies during foundation years as well as very little professional/personal development. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed specific competencies and behaviours which require modifications to adapt the GbCF into the Japanese pharmacy practice environment. This is a key step towards the development of a national framework, illustrating current Japanese foundation-level pharmacy practice compared with global standards. The findings will be used as a base for developing a framework for foundation-level pharmacists in Japan and address concerns such as pharmacist preparedness to advance in management roles and limited personal and professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Arakawa
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Shigeo Yamamura
- Josai International University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Gumyo, Togane-shi, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan.
| | - Catherine Duggan
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 5, 2517 JP, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Ian Bates
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Carbone S, Wigle J, Akseer N, Barac R, Barwick M, Zlotkin S. Perceived reciprocal value of health professionals' participation in global child health-related work. Global Health 2017; 13:27. [PMID: 28532502 PMCID: PMC5441071 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-017-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leading children’s hospitals in high-income settings have become heavily engaged in international child health research and educational activities. These programs aim to provide benefit to the institutions, children and families in the overseas locations where they are implemented. Few studies have measured the actual reciprocal value of this work for the home institutions and for individual staff who participate in these overseas activities. Our objective was to estimate the perceived reciprocal value of health professionals’ participation in global child health-related work. Benefits were measured in the form of skills, knowledge and attitude strengthening as estimated by an adapted Global Health Competency Model. Methods A survey questionnaire was developed following a comprehensive review of literature and key competency models. It was distributed to all health professionals at the Hospital for Sick Children with prior international work experience (n = 478). Results One hundred fifty six health professionals completed the survey (34%). A score of 0 represented negligible value gained and a score of 100 indicated significant capacity improvement. The mean respondent improvement score was 57 (95% CI 53–62) suggesting improved overall competency resulting from their international experiences. Mean scores were >50% in 8 of 10 domains. Overall scores suggest that international work brought value to the hospital and over half responded that their international experience would influence their decision to stay on at the hospital. Conclusions The findings offer tangible examples of how global child health work conducted outside of one’s home institution impacts staff and health systems locally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12992-017-0250-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carbone
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada.
| | - Jannah Wigle
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada
| | - Nadia Akseer
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada
| | - Raluca Barac
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada
| | - Melanie Barwick
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G A4, Canada
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Picton C, Loughrey C, Webb A. The need for a prescribing competency framework to address the burden of complex polypharmacy among multiple long-term conditions. Clin Med (Lond) 2016; 16:470-474. [PMID: 27697813 PMCID: PMC6297298 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The original requirement for a competency framework for prescribers was to identify the essential skills for non-medical prescribers. However, core prescribing competencies are relevant to any prescriber. The new, revised version is especially relevant for doctors/physicians. Doctors are the most frequent prescribers - prescribing is the most common therapeutic intervention. The quantity and complexity of medicine use is increasing through multiple treatment strategies/pathways for multiple comorbidities, resulting in polypharmacy - especially with long-term conditions. This is against a background of the ongoing introduction of new drugs with novel mechanisms of action with increased risks of adverse effects, compounded by drug-drug and disease-drug interactions. This has increased the need for monitoring and follow-up, including identification and management of poor adherence. It is challenging for doctors to maintain safe and effective prescribing and train other doctors and non-medical prescribers within the multidisciplinary team. The prescribing competency framework provides a systematic approach to support doctors to prescribe safely and effectively. It can be used by medical schools to teach prescribing, including preparation for the prescribing safety assessment; by F1/F2 doctors to support prescribing in early years; as part of prescribing quality improvement initiatives and as a continuing professional development framework in general practice or acute care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency, Belfast, UK
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Leung K, Trevena L, Waters D. Development of a competency framework for evidence-based practice in nursing. Nurse Educ Today 2016; 39:189-196. [PMID: 27006055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of competence in evidence-based practice (EBP) remains challenging to many educators and academics due to the lack of explicit competency criteria. Much uncertainty exists about what specific EBP competencies nurses should meet and how these should be measured. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to develop a competency framework for measuring evidence-based knowledge and skills in nursing and to elicit the views of health educators/researchers about elements within the framework. DESIGN A descriptive survey design with questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS Between August and December 2013, forty-two health academics/educators, clinicians; and researchers from the medical and nursing schools at the University of Sydney and the Nurse Teacher's Society in Australia were invited to comment on proposed elements for measuring evidence-based knowledge and skills. METHODS The EBP competency framework was designed to measure nurses' knowledge and skills for using evidence in practice. Participants were invited to rate their agreement on the structure and relevance of the framework and to state their opinion about the measurement criteria for evidence-based nursing practice. RESULTS Participant agreement on the structure and relevance of the framework was substantial, ICC: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88, P<0.0001. Qualitative analysis of two open-ended survey questions revealed three common themes in participants' opinion of the competency elements: (1) a useful EBP framework; (2) varying expectations of EBP competence; and (3) challenges to EBP implementation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggested that the EBP competency framework is of credible value for facilitating evidence-based practice education and research in nursing. However, there remains some uncertainty and disagreement about the levels of EBP competence required for nurses. These challenges further implicate the need for setting a reasonable competency benchmark with a broader group of stakeholders in nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Leung
- Sydney Medical School, Room 121B, Edward Ford Building (A27), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Lyndal Trevena
- Sydney Medical School, Room 321B, Edward Ford Building (A27), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Donna Waters
- Sydney Nursing School, Room C5.10, 88 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Embo M, Driessen E, Valcke M, van der Vleuten CPM. Integrating learning assessment and supervision in a competency framework for clinical workplace education. Nurse Educ Today 2015; 35:341-346. [PMID: 25497139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although competency-based education is well established in health care education, research shows that the competencies do not always match the reality of clinical workplaces. Therefore, there is a need to design feasible and evidence-based competency frameworks that fit the workplace reality. This theoretical paper outlines a competency-based framework, designed to facilitate learning, assessment and supervision in clinical workplace education. Integration is the cornerstone of this holistic competency framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Embo
- Midwifery Department, University College Arteveldehogeschool Ghent, Voetweg 66, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - E Driessen
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Valcke
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C P M van der Vleuten
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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