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Rana EA, Nizami TA, Islam MS, Sarker S, Rahman H, Hoque A, Rahman M. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from cats, Bangladesh. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-11. [PMID: 38487883 PMCID: PMC10946260 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2326848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant bacterial pathogen that frequently colonizes different body sites and mucous membranes of pets. The objectives of the cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and detection of diverse resistance as well as virulence genes of S. pseudintermedius in cats. A standard bacteriological method, species-specific gene and different antimicrobial resistance as well as virulence genes were confirmed by PCR assay. A total of 233 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 102 cats, among them 146 swabs from 73 healthy cats, and 87 from 29 diseased cats. Overall, prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in cats was 12.01%, while dermatitis and otitis affected cats were 26.08% and 33.33%, respectively. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against penicillin (96.42%) followed by streptomycin (85.71%) and erythromycin (78.57%). Moreover, 89.28% of S. pseudintermedius isolates exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) (≥ 3 classes' antimicrobial resistant). In addition, 17.86% isolates harbored the mecA gene; thus, were classified as methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). Furthermore, the erythromycin resistance genes ermA and ermB were harbored by 25% and 10.71% of isolates, while 42.86% and 17.86% of isolates carried tetK and tetL (tetracycline resistance) genes, respectively. In virulence profiling, 32.14% (sea) and 10.71% (seb) of isolates were found positive for enterotoxin genes, whereas, the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst-1) gene and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (pvl) were detected in 25% and 14.29% of isolates, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cats in Bangladesh for MDR S. pseudintermedius, MRSP, and their virulence profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmad Nizami
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sayedul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Sarker
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafizar Rahman
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Hoque
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Teaching & Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Xu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Hu J, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Liu J. Staphylococcus aureus promotes its intracellular survival by inhibiting Rab11-Rab11FIP4-mediated vesicle trafficking. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110091. [PMID: 38626624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cows is mainly caused by bacteria, in which Staphylococcus aureus appears frequently. Epithelial cells, as a major physical barrier of mammary gland, play an important role in preventing mastitis in dairy cows. Our previous study reported that Rab11fip4 (an effector of Rab11) was significantly changed in response to stimulation by S. aureus. So, in this study, the role of Rab11A in phagocytosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) against S. aureus was evaluated. First, changes of Rab11A and Rab11fip4 were analyzed in response to S. aureus by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Subsequently, the effects of Rab11A and Rab11fip4 on proliferation of S. aureus, as well as formation and function of late endosomes (LEs) and lysosomes (LYSs) were investigated. The results showed that, after infection, Rab11A and Rab11fip4 were recruited to phagosomes containing S. aureus. Rab11A promoted bacterial clearance and rescues the destruction of LEs and LYSs by S. aureus, whereas Rab11fip4 did the opposite. These findings provide new insights into phagocytosis and control of S. aureus in host cells, thus lay the foundation to elucidate the pathogenesis of S. aureus in bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China; Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Abdulkadir A, Kabir J, Bello M, Olayinka B. Unknown spa types, spa repeats, and relatedness of MRSA isolated from horses, dogs, cats, and their human handlers. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105248. [PMID: 38554547 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a worrying example of antimicrobial resistance, and it is essential to acquire new information to monitor the spread and limit it further diffusion. This study aimed to characterise 22 MRSA isolates from horses, dogs, cats, and their human handlers focusing on spa typing. In the analysis of the sequences obtained, the spa type is "unknown" (unidentified) and all the sequences except one had repeats previously not known in all databases potentially indicating new spa-repeats. This could possibly indicate either permanent import of novel spa types or in-house microevolution of spa repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Abdulkadir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria.
| | - Junaidu Kabir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Bello
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria
| | - Busayo Olayinka
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria
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Tiraboschi G, Isaac P, Breser ML, Angiolini V, Rodriguez-Berdini L, Porporatto C, Bohl LP. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3-mediated effects on bovine innate immunity and on biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cattle with mastitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106508. [PMID: 38521361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one the most widespread and serious diseases in dairy cattle. Recurrent and chronic infections are often attributable to certain pathogenicity mechanisms in mastitis-causing pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. These include growing in biofilm and invading cells, both of which make it possible to resist or evade antimicrobial therapies and the host's immune system. This study tested the effects of active vitamin D3 (i.e., calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on the internalization and phagocytosis of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from animals with mastitis. Two established bovine cell lines were used: MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and BoMac (macrophages). Calcitriol (0-200 nM) did not affect the viability of MAC-T cells nor that of BoMac cells after 24 and 72 h. Concentrations of 0-100 mM for 24 h upregulated the expression of 24-hydroxylase in MAC-T cells, but did not alter that of VDR. Pre-treatment of the cells with calcitriol for 24 h decreased the internalization of S. aureus V329 into MAC-T cells (0-100 nM), and stimulated the phagocytosis of the same strain and of S. xylosus 4913 (0-10 nM). Calcitriol and two conditioned media, obtained by treating the cells with 25-200 nM of the metabolite for 24 h, were also assessed in terms of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Neither calcitriol by itself nor the conditioned media affected staphylococcal growth or biofilm formation (0-200 nM for 12 and 24 h, respectively). In contrast, the conditioned media (0-100 nM for 24 h) decreased the biomass of preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms and killed the bacteria within them, without affecting metabolic activity. These effects may be mediated by reactive oxygen species and proteins with antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity. In short, calcitriol could make pathogens more accessible to antimicrobial therapies and enhance bacterial clearance by professional phagocytes. Moreover, it may modulate the host's endogenous defenses in the bovine udder and help combat preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms (S. chromogenes 40, S. xylosus 4913, and/or S. haemolyticus 6). The findings confirm calcitriol's potential as an adjuvant to prevent and/or treat intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus spp., which would in turn contribute to reducing antibiotic use on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Tiraboschi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Angiolini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodriguez-Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Alves JS, de Moura Souza R, Lima Moreira JPD, Gonzalez AGM. Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk from healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis udders. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106205. [PMID: 38678816 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk. In addition, to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from freshly milked raw milk. None of the farms were within the official Brazilian biological quality limits for BTM. Freshly milked raw milk with signs of clinical (CMM), subclinical (SCMM) and no signs (MFM) of mastitis were detected in 6.67%, 27.62% and 65.71% samples, respectively. Most samples of freshly milked raw milk showed acceptable microbiological quality, when evaluating the indicators total coliforms (78.10%), Escherichia coli (88.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100%). Klebsiella oxytoca and S. aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms in SCMM and MFM samples. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in 65.12% and 13.95% of Enterobacteriaceae and 84.31% and 5.88% of Staphylococcus spp., respectively, isolated from both SCMM and MFM samples. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporin (3GCR) (6.98%) and carbapenems (CRE) (6.98%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4.88%) were observed. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spread resistance genes to previously susceptible bacteria. This is a problem that affects animal, human and environmental health and should be evaluated within the one-health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Alves
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Rossiane de Moura Souza
- Agricultural Research Company of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO), State Centre for Research in Animal Health, Biotechnology Laboratory, 24120-191, Brazil
| | - Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil.
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Müller-Langhans K, Oberberger L, Zablotski Y, Engelmann S, Hoedemaker M, Kühn C, Schuberth HJ, Zerbe H, Petzl W, Meyerholz-Wohllebe MM. Cows with diverging haplotypes show differences in differential milk cell count, milk parameters and vaginal temperature after S. aureus challenge but not after E. coli challenge. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:200. [PMID: 38745199 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dairy cattle, mastitis causes high financial losses and impairs animal well-being. Genetic selection is used to breed cows with reduced mastitis susceptibility. Techniques such as milk cell flow cytometry may improve early mastitis diagnosis. In a highly standardized in vivo infection model, 36 half-sib cows were selected for divergent paternal Bos taurus chromosome 18 haplotypes (Q vs. q) and challenged with Escherichia coli for 24 h or Staphylococcus aureus for 96 h, after which the samples were analyzed at 12 h intervals. Vaginal temperature (VT) was recorded every three minutes. The objective of this study was to compare the differential milk cell count (DMCC), milk parameters (fat %, protein %, lactose %, pH) and VT between favorable (Q) and unfavorable (q) haplotype cows using Bayesian models to evaluate their potential as improved early indicators of differential susceptibility to mastitis. RESULTS After S. aureus challenge, compared to the Q half-sibship cows, the milk of the q cows exhibited higher PMN levels according to the DMCC (24 h, p < 0.001), a higher SCC (24 h, p < 0.01 and 36 h, p < 0.05), large cells (24 h, p < 0.05) and more dead (36 h, p < 0.001) and live cells (24 h, p < 0.01). The protein % was greater in Q milk than in q milk at 0 h (p = 0.025). In the S. aureus group, Q cows had a greater protein % (60 h, p = 0.048) and fat % (84 h, p = 0.022) than q cows. Initially, the greater VT of S. aureus-challenged q cows (0 and 12-24 h, p < 0.05) reversed to a lower VT in q cows than in Q cows (48-60 h, p < 0.05). Additionally, the following findings emphasized the validity of the model: in the S. aureus group all DMCC subpopulations (24 h-96 h, p < 0.001) and in the E. coli group nearly all DMCC subpopulations (12 h-24 h, p < 0.001) were higher in challenged quarters than in unchallenged quarters. The lactose % was lower in the milk samples of E. coli-challenged quarters than in those of S. aureus-challenged quarters (24 h, p < 0.001). Between 12 and 18 h, the VT was greater in cows challenged with E. coli than in those challenged with S. aureus (3-h interval approach, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This in vivo infection model confirmed specific differences between Q and q cows with respect to the DMCC, milk component analysis results and VT results after S. aureus inoculation but not after E. coli challenge. However, compared with conventional milk cell analysis monitoring, e.g., the global SCC, the DMCC analysis did not provide refined phenotyping of the pathogen response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Müller-Langhans
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Lisa Oberberger
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 24, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Brunswick, 38124, Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Brunswick, 38124, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hanover, 30173, Germany
| | - Christa Kühn
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, 18196, Germany
- Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 6, Rostock, 18059, Germany
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, Hanover, 30559, Germany
| | - Holm Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Wolfram Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Marie Margarete Meyerholz-Wohllebe
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany.
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Anjum MF, Duggett N, Sheldon E, Sharma M, Smith RP, Teale CJ. Genomics to detect transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from UK pigs in abattoirs during slaughter. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:962-967. [PMID: 38442335 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) transmission/cross-contamination can occur at abattoir through colonized pigs, increasing occupational hazards and health concerns for workers. To assess this risk we used genomics to identify LA-MRSA lineages present in batches of pigs sent to slaughter and distribution of clones. METHODS WGS was performed on 85 LA-MRSA previously isolated from six abattoirs from 105 batches of pigs sent from 100 UK farms. spa typing and MLST were performed on all isolates. A mashtree tree was constructed to compare genomes of the LA-MRSA with 1281 global isolates from livestock and humans. A phylogenetic tree and pairwise SNP distance matrices were built from whole genomes of 109 isolates closest to those from abattoirs to compare evolutionary relationships and identify clones. RESULTS All abattoir isolates belonged to CC398 and were mainly of spa type t011, although other spa types were present. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the abattoir isolates were most closely related to each other and to pig LA-MRSA from across Europe, indicating a common evolutionary origin with related lineages colonizing UK pigs.Comparison of genomes using SNPs suggested between one and four clones were transferring between pigs from different batches. Transmission likely occurred on farm premises, during transportation, and/or within abattoirs through contact with contaminated surfaces in lairage or post-stunning. CONCLUSIONS Genomics forensically identified related isolates/clones circulating in pigs at slaughter, showing contamination occurs often. Results suggest that further genomic tracking will identify hotspots, and improvements in measures such as biosecurity and disinfection will help reduce risk for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna F Anjum
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Duggett
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Ewart Sheldon
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Meenaxi Sharma
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Richard P Smith
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - Chris J Teale
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
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Dobrut A, Skibiński J, Bekier A, Drożdż K, Rudnicka K, Płociński P, Siemińska I, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Development of a prototypic, field-usable diagnostic tool for the detection of gram-positive cocci-induced mastitis in cattle. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:169. [PMID: 38698383 PMCID: PMC11064325 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is one of the most widespread diseases affecting cattle, leading to significant losses for the dairy industry. Currently, the so-called gold standard in mastitis diagnosis involves determining the somatic cell count (SCC). Apart from a number of advantages, this method has one serious flaw: It does not identify the etiological factor causing a particular infection, making it impossible to introduce targeted antimicrobial therapy. This can contribute to multidrug-resistance in bacterial species. The diagnostic market lacks a test that has the advantages of SCC and also recognizes the species of pathogen causing the inflammation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on elongation factor Tu for identifying most prevalent Gram-positive cocci responsible for causing mastitis including Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS As a result, we showed that the assay for S. uberis detection demonstrated a specificity of 89.02%, a sensitivity of 43.59%, and an accuracy of 80.3%. In turn, the second variant - assay for Gram-positive cocci reached a specificity of 95.59%, a sensitivity of 43.28%, and an accuracy of 78.33%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that EF-Tu is a promising target for LFIA and we have delivered evidence that further evaluation could improve test parameters and fill the gap in the mastitis diagnostics market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jakub Skibiński
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of The Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrian Bekier
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Del Pilar Zarazaga M, Tinti MG, Litterio NJ, Himelfarb MA, Andrés-Larrea MIS, Rubio-Langre S, Serrano-Rodríguez JM, Lorenzutti AM. Dose regimen optimization of cephalothin for surgical prophylaxis against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci in dogs by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105202. [PMID: 38492279 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
First generation cephalosporins such cephalothin of cefazolin are indicated for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean and clean contaminated surgical procedures because its antimicrobial spectrum, relative low toxicity and cost. Anesthesia and surgery could alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of different drugs administered perioperative by many mechanisms that affect distribution, metabolism or excretion processes. Intravenous administration of the antimicrobial within 30 and 60 min before incision is recommended in order to reach therapeutic serum and tissue concentrations and redosing is recommended if the duration of the procedure exceeds two half-life of the antimicrobial. To the author's knowledge there are no pharmacokinetic studies of cephalothin in dogs under anesthesia/surgery conditions. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cephalothin in anesthetized dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy by a nonlinear mixed-effects model and to determine the effect of anesthesia/surgery and other individual covariates on its pharmacokinetic behavior; (2) to determine the MIC and conduct a pharmacodynamic modeling of time kill curves assay of cephalothin against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the skin of dogs; (3) to conduct a PK/PD analysis by integration of the obtained nonlinear mixed-effects models in order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of changing concentrations on simulated bacterial count; and (4) to determine the PK/PD endpoints and PK/PDco values in order to predict the optimal dose regimen of cephalothin for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs. Anesthesia/surgery significantly reduced cephalothin clearance by 18.78%. Based on the results of this study, a cephalothin dose regimen of 25 mg/kg q6h by intravenous administration showed to be effective against Staphylococcus spp. isolates with MIC values ≤2 μg/mL and could be recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean surgery in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Zarazaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina; Farmacología Clínica y Toxicología, Carrera de Veterinaria, Instituto Académico y Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Argentina.
| | - Mariano Guillermo Tinti
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Javier Litterio
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | | | - Sonia Rubio-Langre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Serrano-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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Forouzani‐Moghaddam MJ, Habibi S, Hosseini‐Safa A, Khanaliha K, Mokarinejad R, Akhoundzadeh F, Oshaghi M. Rapid detection of major enterotoxin genes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in the Yazd province, Iran. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1407. [PMID: 38519836 PMCID: PMC10959825 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raw milk is a nutrient-rich food, but it may harbour harmful bacteria, such as enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which can cause staphylococcal food poisoning. Antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in raw milk can increase the risk of such infections, particularly among susceptible individuals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes a, d, g, i and j and the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolated from raw milk samples. METHODS During a 6-month sampling period, 60 raw milk specimens were obtained from diverse locations in Yazd province, Iran. Antibiogram profiling was conducted via the disc diffusion method. In addition, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes a, d, g, i, and j were detected through real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Bacteriological assays confirmed the presence of S. aureus in 11 samples (18.3%). All isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to penicillin G but exhibited sensitivity to vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics ranged from 36.4% to 45.5%. The prevalence of enterotoxin genes in these strains showed variable distribution, with sea being the predominant SE (45.5%), followed by sed (36.4%), seg (18.2), sej and sei (9.1% each). CONCLUSIONS This study discovered the presence of multiple enterotoxins in S. aureus strains obtained from raw milk samples. These strains also demonstrated resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Since enterotoxigenic S. aureus is known to cause human food poisoning, monitoring food hygiene practices, especially during raw milk production, is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Habibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini‐Safa
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Roya Mokarinejad
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Akhoundzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mojgan Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Kizerwetter‐Świda M, Chrobak‐Chmiel D, Stefańska I, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M. In vitro activity of selected antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin in Poland. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1385. [PMID: 38547160 PMCID: PMC10977695 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an important veterinary pathogen. In general, only a few antimicrobials show in vitro activity against MRSP isolates. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobials, including last-choice drugs, against clinical MRSP isolates of canine origin. The activity of 10 selected agents was evaluated against 41 clinical MRSP isolates. METHODS The disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration values were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The guidelines for staphylococci of canine or human origin were employed for the interpretation of the results. RESULTS Among the examined MRSP isolates, resistance to enrofloxacin and clindamycin was the most prevalent (n = 40; 97.6%). Resistance to doxycycline and gentamicin was observed in 83.0% (n = 34) and 68.3% (n = 28) of the isolates, respectively. Single isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (n = 5; 12.2%) and rifampicin (n = 3; 7.3%), whereas all showed susceptibility to amikacin, vancomycin, mupirocin and linezolid. Predominantly, the results of AST obtained by both methods were consistent. Some discrepancies were observed for gentamicin; however, clinical breakpoints for staphylococci of human origin were used. CONCLUSIONS Amikacin and chloramphenicol constitute potential treatment options in infections caused by MRSP and may be included in extended susceptibility testing in our geographical region. The determination of clinical breakpoints for some antimicrobials not incorporated in the recommendations should be a high priority in the veterinary diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kizerwetter‐Świda
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Dorota Chrobak‐Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Ilona Stefańska
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
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12
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Wang J, Meng Y, Zhang R, Yan H, Xu G, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Jiang S. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main causes of bacterial meningitis in duck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103592. [PMID: 38447309 PMCID: PMC11067754 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since September 2018, serious meningitis has been found on some breeding-duck farms in Shandong Province, China. A large number of ducks exhibit severe neurological symptoms. The ducks were randomly selected for laboratory testing. Duck brain samples were collected using standard sterile techniques, and the staphylococci isolates were detected in 404 (70.14%) out of 576 brain samples. A total of 525 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains were isolated, including 6 species: Staphylococcus sciuri (S. sciuri) (67.24%, 353/525), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (9.71%, 51/525), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) (8.38%, 44/525), Staphylococcus lentus (S. lentus) (7.62%, 40/525), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) (2.48%, 13/525), and Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus) (4.57%, 24/525). Mixed strain infections were detected in 121 (29.95%) infected presentations. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 40.38% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance, and 53.90% of the strains were methicillin-resistant strains by amplification of the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) gene. Through experimental reproduction of the disease, we determined that the CoNS strains were the leading pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in ducks. Although these CoNS strains does not directly cause the death of sick ducks, they still cause large economic losses due to the retarded growth and development of the sick ducks, lower feed returns, and lower grades of processed duck products. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CoNS and be helpful in the prevention and treatment of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guige Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
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13
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Calabro C, Sadhu R, Xu Y, Aprea M, Guarino C, Cazer CL. Longitudinal antimicrobial susceptibility trends of canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106170. [PMID: 38493570 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance within Staphylococcus pseudintermedius poses a significant risk for the treatment of canine pyoderma and as a reservoir for resistance and potential zoonoses, but few studies examine long-term temporal trends of resistance. This study assesses the antimicrobial resistance prevalence and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) trends in S. pseudintermedius (n=1804) isolated from canine skin samples at the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC) between 2007 and 2020. Not susceptible (NS) prevalence, Cochran-Armitage tests, logrank tests, MIC50 and MIC90 quantiles, and survival analysis models were used to evaluate resistance prevalence and temporal trends to 23 antimicrobials. We use splines as predictors in accelerated failure time (AFT) models to model non-linear temporal trends in MICs. Multidrug resistance was common among isolates (47%), and isolates had moderate to high NS prevalence to the beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, the fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, the macrolides/lincosamides, the tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, low levels of NS to amikacin, rifampin, and vancomycin were observed. Around one third of isolates (38%) were found to be methicillin resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), and these isolates had a higher prevalence of NS to all tested antimicrobials than methicillin susceptible isolates. Amongst the MRSP isolates, one phenotypically vancomycin resistant isolate (MIC >16 µg/mL) was identified, but genomic sequence data was unavailable. AFT models showed increasing MICs across time to the beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, the fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, and the macrolides/lincosamides, and decreasing temporal resistance (decreasing MICs) to doxycycline was observed amongst isolates. Notably, ATF modeling showed changes in MIC distributions that were not identified using Cochran-Armitage tests on prevalence, MIC quantiles, and logrank tests. Increasing resistance amongst these S. pseudintermedius isolates highlights the need for rational, empirical prescribing practices and increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance to maintain the efficacy of current therapeutic agents. AFT models with non-linear predictors may be a useful, breakpoint-independent, surveillance tool alongside other modeling methods and antibiograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Calabro
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ritwik Sadhu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Aprea
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Casey L Cazer
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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14
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Hajimohammadi S, Momtaz H, Tajbakhsh E. Fabrication and antimicrobial properties of novel meropenem-honey encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles against multiresistant and biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus as a new antimicrobial agent. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1440. [PMID: 38613443 PMCID: PMC11015535 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ones. Chitosan (Cs) is a mucoadhesive polymer that also has antibacterial properties. Special attention has been paid to the design of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as new nano drug delivery systems to overcome bacterial resistance and its problems. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to synthesize Cs-meropenem NPs with/without honey as an antibiofilm and antibacterial agent to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS This study synthesized meropenem and honey-loaded Cs nanogels and subsequently characterized them by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DLS-zeta potential. Using the broth microdilution and crystal violet assays, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of meropenem and honey-loaded Cs nanogel, free meropenem, free honey, and free Cs NPs were investigated in vitro against MRSA strains. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was also used to test the cytotoxicity of several Cs-NPs compound against the HEK-293 regular cell line. RESULTS The average size of meropenem and honey-Cs-NPs was reported to be 119.885 nm, and encapsulation efficiency was 88.33 ± 0.97 with stability up to 60 days at 4°C. The NPs showed enhanced antibiofilm efficacy against S. aureus at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of meropenem and honey-encapsulated Cs against the HEK-293 normal cell line was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that meropenem and honey-Cs-NPs might be potential antibacterial and antibiofilm materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hajimohammadi
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of MicrobiologyShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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15
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Haw SR, Adkins PRF, Bernier Gosselin V, Poock SE, Middleton JR. Intramammary infections in lactating Jersey cows: Prevalence of microbial organisms and association with milk somatic cell count and persistence of infection. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3157-3167. [PMID: 37949401 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data available regarding pathogens causing intramammary infections (IMI) in Jersey cows. The objectives of this study were to characterize the prevalence of IMI caused by different microorganisms in lactating Jersey cattle and evaluate the associations among microbes and somatic cell count (SCC) and persistence of IMI. This prospective, observational, longitudinal study included lactating Jersey cows (n = 753) from 4 farms within a 415 km radius of Columbia, Missouri. Quarter foremilk samples were aseptically collected monthly for 3 consecutive months. Microorganisms were identified using aerobic milk culture and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A commercial laboratory measured SCC using flow cytometry. Milk culture results were used to classify single microorganism infections as persistent (same microorganism species identified at first sampling and one other sampling) or nonpersistent infection. Mixed models were built to evaluate the associations between IMI status and SCC natural logarithm (lnSCC), as well as persistence and lnSCC. Overall, staphylococci were the most commonly isolated microorganisms among the 7,370 quarter-level milk samples collected. Median prevalence (using all 3 samplings) of specific microbes varied among farms; however, Staphylococcus chromogenes was a common species found at all farms. The most common microbial species that persisted were Staph. chromogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Streptococcus uberis. Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Staph. aureus were the IMI associated with the most inflammation based on lnSCC. The small number of herds included in this study with the large variation in herd type limits the generalizability of the data. However, results of this study seem to be similar to those of previous studies in other breeds, suggesting management factors are more important than breed-specific differences when evaluating causes of IMI and associated subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Haw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - P R F Adkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
| | - V Bernier Gosselin
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - S E Poock
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - J R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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16
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Dean CJ, Peña-Mosca F, Ray T, Wehri TJ, Sharpe K, Antunes, Jr. AM, Doster E, Fernandes L, Calles VF, Bauman C, Godden S, Heins B, Pinedo P, Machado VS, Caixeta LS, Noyes NR. Exploring associations between the teat apex metagenome and Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in primiparous cows under organic directives. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0223423. [PMID: 38497641 PMCID: PMC11022539 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02234-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to identify associations between the prepartum teat apex microbiome and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections (IMI) in primiparous cows during the first 5 weeks after calving. We performed a case-control study using shotgun metagenomics of the teat apex and culture-based milk data collected longitudinally from 710 primiparous cows on five organic dairy farms. Cases had higher odds of having S. aureus metagenomic DNA on the teat apex prior to parturition compared to controls (OR = 38.9, 95% CI: 14.84-102.21). Differential abundance analysis confirmed this association, with cases having a 23.8 higher log fold change (LFC) in the abundance of S. aureus in their samples compared to controls. Of the most prevalent microorganisms in controls, those associated with a lower risk of post-calving S. aureus IMI included Microbacterium phage Min 1 (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.53), Corynebacterium efficiens (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.94), Kocuria polaris (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35-0.82), Micrococcus terreus (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93), and Dietzia alimentaria (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75). Genes encoding for Microcin B17 AMPs were the most prevalent on the teat apex of cases and controls (99.7% in both groups). The predicted abundance of genes encoding for Microcin B17 was also higher in cases compared to controls (LFC 0.26). IMPORTANCE Intramammary infections (IMI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus remain an important problem for the dairy industry. The microbiome on the external skin of the teat apex may play a role in mitigating S. aureus IMI risk, in particular the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by commensal microbes. However, current studies of the teat apex microbiome utilize a 16S approach, which precludes the detection of genomic features such as genes that encode for AMPs. Therefore, further research using a shotgun metagenomic approach is needed to understand what role prepartum teat apex microbiome dynamics play in IMI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F. Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - T. Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - T. J. Wehri
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - K. Sharpe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - A. M. Antunes, Jr.
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - E. Doster
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - L. Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - V. F. Calles
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - C. Bauman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - S. Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - B. Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - P. Pinedo
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - V. S. Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - L. S. Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - N. R. Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Shalaby M, Reboud J, Forde T, Zadoks RN, Busin V. Distribution and prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw ruminants' milk: A systematic review. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104405. [PMID: 38049264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of food poisoning, leading to significant gastrointestinal symptoms and even hospitalization. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched three electronic databases for studies on detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins or enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw ruminant milk. The 128 studies included in this systematic review showed a worldwide distribution of studies on staphylococcal enterotoxins and enterotoxigenic S. aureus, with an increase in the number from 1980 to 2021, a shift in detection methods from enterotoxins to enterotoxin genes, and a preponderance of studies from Europe and South America. Most studies focused on milk from individual animals with mastitis, especially cattle. Based on 24 studies, the within-herd prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk samples was 11.6%. Many studies failed to report the health status of sampled animals, or the numerator and denominator data needed for prevalence calculation. Cultural and legislative differences, economic status, diagnostic capabilities, and public awareness are all likely factors contributing to the observed distribution of studies. Our review highlighted a significant gap in quality and completeness of data reporting, which limits full assessment of prevalence and distribution of hazards posed by raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Shalaby
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Julien Reboud
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Taya Forde
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Valentina Busin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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18
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Preziuso S, Attili AR, Cuteri V. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci in clinical bovine mastitis: occurrence, molecular analysis, and biofilm production. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:969-977. [PMID: 38036851 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes mastitis in cattle, and the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) poses a threat to veterinary and human medicine. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) isolated from clinical mastitis, their ability to form biofilms, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus strains. In addition, the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, spa type and the presence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin in MRSA were evaluated. A total of 326 staphylococcal strains were screened by multiplex-PCR for S. aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) identification. The S. aureus strains (n = 163) were subjected to phenotypic testing for antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation. Molecular analysis was performed on MRSA mecA-positive strains. Of 163 S. aureus isolates, 142 strains (87.1%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and all 19 MRSA strains were resistant to at least four out of five antibiotics tested. All S. aureus strains harboured the icaA gene and were biofilm producers. Nineteen MR-CoNS strains were also isolated. The most prevalent spa types among MRSA were t001 (57.9%) and t037 (31.6%), while one MRSA was type t008 and one was type t041. Most MRSA were SCCmec type I (63.2%) and III (31.6%) and only one strain was type IV. None of the MRSA isolates had the PVL gene. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in bovine mastitis is a serious concern. The finding of MRSA with spa types predominant in humans and infrequent in Italian cows and with SCCmec infrequently found in bovine milk or cheese suggest a human origin of these strains. The ability of MRSA and MR-CoNS involved in bovine mastitis to be transferred to humans and vice versa poses a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine - University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Anna-Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine - University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine - University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy.
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19
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Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Fernandes L, Doster E, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Heins B, Pinedo P, Machado V, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Associations between early lactation intramammary infections and udder health and performance during the first 180 days in milk in first-lactation organic dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2426-2443. [PMID: 37923212 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior data from our group showed that first-lactation cows under organic management in United States have a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus chromogenes intramammary infections (IMI) in early lactation. Nonetheless, the relationship between IMI, udder health, and milk production in organically reared primiparous cows remains elusive. The objectives of this observational study were to investigate the relationship between presence and persistence of IMI in the first 35 d in milk (DIM) and somatic cell count (SCC) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation on first-lactation organic dairy cows. The analysis included a total of 1,348 composite milk samples collected during the first 35 DIM that were submitted for milk culture and 1,674 Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) tests during the first 180 DIM from 333 heifers in 4 organic dairy farms, enrolled between February 2019 and January 2020. The association between IMI in the first 35 DIM and new high SCC (SCC > 200,000 cells/mL) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression and mixed linear regression, respectively. The association between IMI persistence (harboring the same microorganism as reported by the laboratory for 2 or more samples) in the first 35 DIM and number of DHIA tests with high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation was modeled using negative binomial regression. The presence of IMI by Staph. aureus (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 3.35 [2.64, 4.25]) or Streptococcus spp. (HR [95% CI]: 2.25 [2.12, 2.39]) during the first 35 DIM was associated with an increased risk of new high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation. Milk production was reduced when Streptococcus spp. were identified in milk samples. However, there was no evidence of a difference in milk production in Staph. aureus IMI. Isolation of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci was related to a mild increase in the hazards of high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [0.97, 1.85]) and a decrease in milk production during one or more postpartum tests. Presence of gram-negative or Streptococcus-like organisms IMI was not associated with either high SCC or milk production. Presence of Bacillus IMI was associated with a lower hazard of new high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.30, 0.68]), and higher milk production during the first 180 d of lactation (overall estimate [95% CI]: 1.7 kg/d [0.3, 3.0]). The persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM was associated with the number of tests with high SCC during the lactation for all microorganisms except for Staphylococcus chromogenes. Therefore, our results suggest that the persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM could be an important factor to understand the association between IMI detected in early lactation and lactational SCC and milk production in organic dairy heifers. Our study described associations between IMI, udder health, and milk production in first-lactation organic dairy cows that are consistent with findings from conventional dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
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20
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Lundberg AT, Hathcock T, Kennis RA, White AG. In vitro evaluation of bactericidal effects of fluorescent light energy on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:166-174. [PMID: 38177510 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are bacterial species of importance in veterinary medicine. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the implementation of novel treatment modalities. Fluorescent light energy (FLE) is used as an adjunctive and primary treatment for canine pyoderma. However, no in vitro studies exist investigating its bactericidal effects against S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus. OBJECTIVES To determine the bactericidal effects of FLE on S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates, three meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates and one meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate were studied. A commercially available blue light-emitting diode (bLED) lamp and photoconverting hydrogel FLE system was used. All bacteria were exposed to five conditions following inoculation: (i) no treatment (control); (ii) blue light (bLED) once; (iii) bLED twice consecutively; (iv) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) once; and (v) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) twice consecutively. Each individual exposure was 2 min long. RESULTS No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for any treatment group when each bacterial isolate was evaluated individually, MSSP isolates were grouped, MRSP isolates were grouped, when all S. pseudintermedius isolates were combined, or when all isolates of both Staphylococcus species were combined. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE While clinical success is reported when using FLE to treat Staphylococcus infections in animals, no in vitro antibacterial efficacy was identified for S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus under experimental conditions. The clinical success observed with FLE may be the result of a more complex in vivo response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette T Lundberg
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Terri Hathcock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert A Kennis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amelia G White
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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21
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Pirolo M, Menezes M, Poulsen M, Søndergaard V, Damborg P, Poirier AC, La Ragione R, Schjærff M, Guardabassi L. A LAMP point-of-care test to guide antimicrobial choice for treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pyoderma in dogs. Vet J 2024; 304:106105. [PMID: 38547963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common cause of pyoderma in dogs. We validated a point-of-care (PoC) test based on colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid S. pseudintermedius identification and susceptibility testing for first line antimicrobials for systemic treatment of canine pyoderma, i.e., lincosamides, first generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin clavulanate. Newly designed LAMP primers targeting clinically relevant resistance genes were combined with a previously validated set of primers targeting spsL for species identification. After laboratory validation on 110 clinical isolates, we assessed the performance of the test on 101 clinical specimens using routine culture and susceptibility testing as a reference standard. The average hands-on and turnaround times for the PoC test were 30 and 90 min, respectively. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity near 100% for both species identification and susceptibility testing when performed on bacterial cultures or clinical specimens in the laboratory. However, the PoC test yielded less accurate results when performed on-site by clinical staff (92% sensitivity and 64% specificity for species identification, 67% sensitivity and 96% specificity for β-lactam susceptibility, and 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity for lincosamide susceptibility). These results indicate that the PoC test should be adapted to a user-friendly technology to facilitate performance and interpretation of results by clinical staff. If properly developed, the test would allow veterinarians to gain rapid information on antimicrobial choice, limiting the risk of treatment failure and facilitating adherence to antimicrobial use guidelines in small animal veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Menezes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - V Søndergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - P Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - A C Poirier
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - R La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Schjærff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
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22
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Wang M, Bissonnette N, Laterrière M, Dudemaine PL, Gagné D, Roy JP, Sirard MA, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. DNA methylation haplotype block signatures responding to Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis and association with production and health traits. BMC Biol 2024; 22:65. [PMID: 38486242 PMCID: PMC10941392 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation has been documented to play vital roles in diseases and biological processes. In bovine, little is known about the regulatory roles of DNA methylation alterations on production and health traits, including mastitis. RESULTS Here, we employed whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing to profile the DNA methylation patterns of milk somatic cells from sixteen cows with naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) subclinical mastitis and ten healthy control cows. We observed abundant DNA methylation alterations, including 3,356,456 differentially methylated cytosines and 153,783 differential methylation haplotype blocks (dMHBs). The DNA methylation in regulatory regions, including promoters, first exons and first introns, showed global significant negative correlations with gene expression status. We identified 6435 dMHBs located in the regulatory regions of differentially expressed genes and significantly correlated with their corresponding genes, revealing their potential effects on transcriptional activities. Genes harboring DNA methylation alterations were significantly enriched in multiple immune- and disease-related pathways, suggesting the involvement of DNA methylation in regulating host responses to S. aureus subclinical mastitis. In addition, we found nine discriminant signatures (differentiates cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis from healthy cows) representing the majority of the DNA methylation variations related to S. aureus subclinical mastitis. Validation of seven dMHBs in 200 cows indicated significant associations with mammary gland health (SCC and SCS) and milk production performance (milk yield). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings revealed abundant DNA methylation alterations in milk somatic cells that may be involved in regulating mammary gland defense against S. aureus infection. Particularly noteworthy is the identification of seven dMHBs showing significant associations with mammary gland health, underscoring their potential as promising epigenetic biomarkers. Overall, our findings on DNA methylation alterations offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of bovine subclinical mastitis, providing further avenues for the development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Laterrière
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Gagné
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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23
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Liu J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Qu B, Wang C, Zhao F, Zhang L. dCas9-guided demethylation of the AKT1 promoter improves milk protein synthesis in a bovine mastitis mammary gland epithelial model induced by using Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:300-310. [PMID: 38100153 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is among the main factors affecting milk quality and yield. Although DNA methylation is associated with mastitis, its role in mastitis remains unclear. In this study, a bovine mastitis mammary epithelial cells (BMMECs) model was established via Staphylococcus aureus infection of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs). Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter in BMMECs. We found that the degree of the AKT1 promoter methylation in BMMECs was significantly greater than that in BMECs, and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis were significantly decreased. We used the pdCas9-C-Tet1-SgRNA 2.0 system to regulate the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter. High-efficiency sgRNAs were screened and dCas9-guided AKT1 promoter demethylation vectors were constructed. Following transfection with the vectors, the degree of methylation of the AKT1 promoter was significantly reduced in BMMECs, while AKT1 protein levels increased. When the methylation level of the AKT1 promoter decreased, the synthesis of milk proteins and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis increased significantly. The viability of the BMMECs was enhanced. Taken together, these results indicate that demethylation guided by the pdCas9-C-Tet1-SgRNA 2.0 system on the AKT1 promoter can reactivate the expression of AKT1 and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins by reducing the AKT1 promoter methylation level and promoting the recovery milk protein expression in BMMECs, thereby alleviating the symptoms of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangfei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaoxiang Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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24
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Olivo G, Zakia LS, Ribeiro MG, da Cunha MDLRDS, Riboli DFM, Mello PL, Teixeira NB, de Araújo CET, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. investigation in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel in a teaching veterinary hospital. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105031. [PMID: 38336267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with suppurative diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is an emergent threat to humans and animals worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel (veterinarians and staff), and assessed possible interspecies transmission in a teaching veterinary hospital. Nasal swabs from horses (n = 131) and humans (n = 35) were collected. The microorganisms were identified by traditional biochemical tests and genotypic methods, i.e., PCR, internal transcript spacer PCR (ITS-PCR), and gene sequencing. Staphylococcal species were isolated in 18% (23/131) of the horses, of which 8% (11/131) were S. hyicus, 4 % (5/131) were S. aureus, 4% (5/131) were S. pseudintermedius, and 2% (2/131) were S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. The mecA gene was detected in an S. pseudintermedius isolate. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated in 40% (14/35) of the human samples, all of which were S. aureus. In four samples of S. aureus, the clonal profile ST398 was identified; among them, a clonal similarity of 98.1% was observed between a horse and a contacting human. This finding supports the need for biosecurity measures to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococci in humans and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane Olivo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stachewski Zakia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Morais Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Luiza Mello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bibiana Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Erineudo Tavares de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José Paes Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
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25
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Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Rosel AC, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Zöchbauer J, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Loncaric I. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis from dairy cows in Rwanda. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:326-335. [PMID: 38307251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from mastitis milk samples of cows in Rwanda. METHODS A total of 1080 quarter milk samples from 279 dairy cows were collected in 80 different farms from all five provinces of Rwanda. In total, 135 S. aureus isolates were obtained and subjected to genotyping (spa typing, DNA microarray, whole-genome sequencing (WGS)), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and phenotypic profiling by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (including capsular serotyping). RESULTS Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was most frequently observed. Ten sequence types (STs) (ST1, ST151, ST152, ST5477, ST700, ST7110, ST7983, ST7984, ST8320, ST97) belonging to seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC130, CC152, CC3591, CC3666, CC705, CC97) were detected. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83) and the human and bovine toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. FTIR-based capsular serotyping showed CC-specific differences. Most CC97 (cap5 allele) isolates were primarily nonencapsulated (82%), whereas isolates of CC3591 and CC3666 (cap8 allele) were mostly encapsulated (86.4% and 57.8%, respectively). Our results underline the widespread global distribution of cattle-adapted CC97. CONCLUSION The presence of CC3591 and CC3666 in bovine mastitis suggests an important role in cattle health and dairy production in Rwanda. The results of the present study support the need for a rigorous One-Health Surveillance program of the bovine-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine- CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, Nyagatare, Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Zöchbauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Rocha GD, de Simoni Gouveia JJ, da Costa MM, Soares RAN, Gouveia GV. Resistance and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencing: a comparative approach in blaZ-positive isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:955-967. [PMID: 38265572 PMCID: PMC10920469 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a worldwide problem in dairy farms, in part because of the pathogenicity of the bacteria, biofilm formation, and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance that make the disease difficult to diagnose and treat, which is typically done with the use of beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence and resistance factors of S. aureus isolates from subclinical mastitis, blaZ + /mecA - /mecC - , resistant and sensitive to oxacillin. All isolates were classified as CC97 by MLST analysis, a clonal complex well adapted to the mammary gland and although STAU23 and STAU73 were resistant to oxacillin while STAU32 and STAU78 were sensitive, the genomic analysis identified only the blaZ operon corresponding to resistance to beta-lactams. However, the presence of the sdrC gene was revealed exclusively in resistant isolates, an important adhesin in the colonization process that potentiates pathogenicity in S. aureus. In addition, resistance islands (REIs) were identified in these isolates, suggesting more conserved REIs. In the analysis of SNPs throughout the genome, mutations were found in the trmB and smpB genes of the resistant isolates and in the murD and rimM genes of the sensitive isolates. This study highlights the potential benefit of genome-wide characterization tools to identify molecular mechanisms of S. aureus in bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dias Rocha
- Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho S/N, C1, Petrolina, PE, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - João José de Simoni Gouveia
- Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho S/N, C1, Petrolina, PE, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho S/N, C1, Petrolina, PE, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - Riani Ananda Nunes Soares
- Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho S/N, C1, Petrolina, PE, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Veneroni Gouveia
- Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho S/N, C1, Petrolina, PE, 56300-000, Brazil.
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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Hoque MN, Faisal GM, Das ZC, Sakif TI, Al Mahtab M, Hossain MA, Islam T. Genomic features and pathophysiological impact of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus warneri variant in murine mastitis. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105285. [PMID: 38154518 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) represent a major etiological agent in dairy animal mastitis, yet their role and impact remain insufficiently studied. This study aimed to elucidate the genomic characteristics of a newly identified multidrug-resistant NAS strain, specifically Staphylococcus warneri G1M1F, isolated from murine feces in an experimental mastitis model. Surprisingly, NAS species accounted for 54.35 % of murine mastitis cases, with S. warneri being the most prevalent at 40.0 %. S. warneri G1M1F exhibited resistance to 10 major antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing established a genetic connection between G1M1F and S. warneri strains isolated previously from various sources including mastitis milk in dairy animals, human feces and blood across diverse geographical regions. Genomic analysis of S. warneri G1M1F unveiled 34 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 30 virulence factor genes (VFGs), and 278 metabolic features. A significant portion of identified ARGs (64 %) conferred resistance through antibiotic efflux pumps, while VFGs primarily related to bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. Inoculation with G1M1F in mice resulted in pronounced inflammatory lesions in mammary and colon tissues, indicating pathogenic potential. Our findings highlight distinctive genomic traits in S. warneri G1M1F, signifying the emergence of a novel multidrug-resistant NAS variant. These insights contribute to understanding NAS-related mastitis pathophysiology and inform strategies for effective treatment in dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazmul Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Golam Mahbub Faisal
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Interventional Hepatology Division, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), BSMRAU, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Simón C, Höfle U, Sieber RN, Latorre-Fernández J, Stegger M, Torres C. Comparative genomics of Staphylococcus aureus strains from wild birds and pig farms elucidates levels of mobilomes, antibiotic pressure and host adaptation. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:142-150. [PMID: 38128728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study characterized the resistome, mobilome and phylogenomic relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus strains previously obtained from healthy nestling storks (HNS), pigs (HP) and pig farmers (HPF) to analyse possible transmission pathways of S. aureus with implications for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS The genomic contents of 52 S. aureus strains obtained from the nasal cavity of HNS, HP and HPF in Spain were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq platform to characterize their resistome, virulome and mobile genetic elements. The relatedness of strains was assessed by core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS The frequencies of multidrug-resistance phenotype and transposons were significantly lower in strains from HNS than in those from HP and HPF (P < 0.005). However, the presence of human immune evasion cluster genes in S. aureus strains from HNS was significantly higher than in those from HP and HPF (P < 0.005). Interestingly, the frequencies of plasmids and phages were not significantly associated with the host (P > 0.05). The phylogenetic analysis identified a cluster of all the MSSA-CC398 strains carrying φSa3 and ermT on rep13 separately from the two MRSA-CC398 strains (carrying ermT on repUS18). Highly related MRSA-CC398 strains were detected in some pigs and related farmers (<10 SNPs). CONCLUSION This study confirms high-level antibiotic selection in S. aureus in HP and HPF in comparison to HNS. Furthermore, our findings highlight the continuous transmission of MRSA-CC398 in the pig-to-human interface and MSSA-CC398 with human adaptation markers in HNS. Molecular surveillance of S. aureus using the One Health model is required to establish appropriate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ursula Höfle
- Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC‑UCLM‑JCCM), SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Raphael N Sieber
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Russo TP, Borrelli L, Minichino A, Fioretti A, Dipineto L. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Pet Rabbits. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:135-140. [PMID: 37844071 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous microorganism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous diseases in humans and animals, characterized by different clinical pictures with acute or subacute course. S. aureus, due to its great adaptability and versatility in terms of infections and hosts, can be considered a relevant pathogen because of the harmful effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice versa. In recent years, a marked increase in multidrug-resistant S. aureus has been reported, posing a serious threat for disease management, food safety, and animal and human health as they limit available therapeutic options. In light of a growing interest of the scientific community for this micro- organism and considering the limited data availability on the prevalence of this pathogen in pet rabbits, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence of S. aureus in pet rabbits. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to December 2022, nasal swabs were collected from 50 pet rabbits from private households in the Campania Region, southern Italy, and underwent analysis for S. aureus detection. Samples were enriched in broth, then inoculated onto nutrient and selective media, including Blood agar base supplemented with 7% sheep blood and Baird-Parker Agar Base, following standard laboratory protocols. Incubations in aerobic conditions at 37°C were performed for 24/48h for colony identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all S. aureus isolates was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Our results reported the presence of S. aureus in 16/50 (32%) rabbits examined, showing high levels of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics, in particular penicillin 10U (81.2%) and erythromycin 15 μg (62.5%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that pet rabbits represent a significant reservoir of S. aureus and contributes to the knowledge on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in rabbits raised in a domestic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pasqualina Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Minichino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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da Silva JR, Silva JFM, Pereira MF, Torres AR, Gonçalves MS, de Azevedo Prata MC, Vasconcelos Paiva E Brito MA, da Costa GM, Ribeiro JB. Is Galleria mellonella model a good alternative to study virulence in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis? Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:889-900. [PMID: 38049660 PMCID: PMC10920502 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the agents of bovine mastitis of hardest control due to a complex pathogenesis comprising a variety of virulence factors, which ensures its persistence in the mammary gland, causing significant health and economic losses. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of this agent is imperative. Galleria mellonella has stood out as an invertebrate animal model for the study of infectious diseases that affect several hosts. This work aimed to evaluate G. mellonella larvae as an experimental model for the study of virulence phenotypes in an S. aureus population isolated from bovine mastitis. Thirty genetically divergent S. aureus strains were chosen based on PFGE analysis. After experimental infection, larvae survival rates, bacterial growth in hemolymph, melanization intensity of the dorsal vessel, and histological characteristics of the infected tissues were evaluated. The G. mellonella model showed a clear diversity in the S. aureus pathogenicity pattern, allowing the differentiation of strains with virulence phenotypes ranging from high to low degrees. Histological analysis confirmed that the strains tested were capable of inducing the formation of nodules and melanization spots in the dorsal vessels of the larvae in different magnitudes. The strains 16S-717, 19C-828, and 31S-1443 presented the highest virulence intensity among the bacteria tested and will be used further for the generation of S. aureus mutant populations to prospect genetic targets aimed to develop control strategies of bovine mastitis. Altogether, our results suggest that G. mellonella is an attractive and low-cost animal model for characterizing virulence phenotypes of large S. aureus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rosa da Silva
- Department of Veterinay Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, 36800-000, Brazil
| | | | - Maysa Serpa Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinay Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Márcio da Costa
- Department of Veterinay Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Ribeiro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil.
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Sharifi A, Mahmoudi P, Sobhani K. The prevalence of adhesion and biofilm genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e31378. [PMID: 38358017 PMCID: PMC10867877 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis poses significant challenges to the dairy industry, resulting in economic losses and increased veterinary expenses. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bovine mastitis, relying on efficient adhesion and biofilm formation for infection. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to employ meta-analysis to investigate the occurrence of adhesion and biofilm genes in S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis, as documented in previous studies. METHODS This meta-analysis was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, examined 22 eligible articles and revealed varying prevalence rates of adhesion and biofilm genes in S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. RESULTS Among the genes, clfB showed the highest prevalence (p-estimate = 0.905), followed by fnbA (p-estimate = 0.689) and fnbB (p-estimate = 0.502). The icaA and icaD genes also showed a relatively high prevalence (p-estimate = 0.694 and 0.814, respectively). Conversely, the biofilm-associated proteins gene had the lowest prevalence (p-estimate = 0.043). Subgroup analyses based on mastitis types and publication years revealed no significant differences in gene prevalence. Insufficient data hindered the analysis of fib, sasG , eno and bbp genes. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights for managing S. aureus-induced bovine mastitis. Additionally, larger-scale research, particularly on less-studied genes, is necessary to comprehend the molecular roles of adhesion and biofilm genes in S. aureus-induced bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Sharifi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran
| | - Peyman Mahmoudi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran
| | - Keyvan Sobhani
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran
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Loeffler A, Beever L, Chang YM, Klein B, Kostka V, Meyer C, Müller E, Weis J, Wildermuth B, Fishwick J, Lloyd DH. Intervention with impact: Reduced isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs following the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing legislation in Germany. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3714. [PMID: 38100180 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legislation was introduced in Germany in 2018, requiring bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before the prescription of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins to dogs. We hypothesised that, following this intervention, the number of clinical samples testing positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) would reduce. METHODS Reports of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine clinical samples by three German veterinary diagnostic microbiology laboratories during the 38 months before the introduction of the legislation and the 46 months after were compared. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed recognised recommendations but with changes during the study period. RESULTS Among a total of 120,571 S. pseudintermedius isolates, MRSP accounted for 7.1% overall. Following the legislative intervention, monthly submissions yielding S. pseudintermedius increased at all three laboratories. The MRSP percentage was lower in the period after the intervention in two of the three laboratories (p < 0.001); in the third laboratory, there was no change between periods, but a year-on-year reduction in MRSP percentages occurred after the intervention (p = 0.0004). LIMITATIONS Changing susceptibility testing methods limited the direct comparison of resistance patterns among laboratories. CONCLUSION The reduction in MRSP in canine clinical samples following the introduction of this legislation suggests a positive impact of compulsory laboratory testing on reducing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Services and Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lee Beever
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Weis
- Biocontrol, Bioscientia Healthcare, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - John Fishwick
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - David H Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Services and Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Vidlund J, Gelalcha BD, Gillespie BE, Agga GE, Schneider L, Swanson SM, Frady KD, Kerro Dego O. Efficacy of novel staphylococcal surface associated protein vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Vaccine 2024; 42:1247-1258. [PMID: 38281900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacteria or fungi. Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterium that causes mastitis in dairy cows. Non-aureus staphylococci are also increasingly reported, with Staphylococcus chromogenes being the most common species. Current staphylococcal mastitis control programs are not fully effective, and treatment with antibiotics is not sustainable. Non-antibiotic sustainable control tools, such as effective vaccines, are critically needed. We previously developed S. aureus surface-associated proteins (SASP) and S. chromogenes surface-associated proteins (SCSP) vaccines that conferred partial protective effects. We hypothesized that vaccination with SASP or SCSP would reduce the incidence of S. aureus mastitis throughout the lactation period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SASP and SCSP vaccines against S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis under natural exposure over 300 days of lactation. Pregnant Holstein dairy cows (n = 45) were enrolled and assigned to receive SASP (n = 15) or SCSP (n = 16) vaccines or unvaccinated control (n = 14). Cows were vaccinated with 1.2 mg of SASP or SCSP with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Control cows were injected with phosphate-buffered saline with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Three vaccine injections were given subcutaneously at 60, 40, and 20 days before the expected calving. Booster vaccinations were given at 120 and 240 days in milk. Cows were monitored for mastitis at quarter and cow levels, staphylococcal mastitis incidence, changes in serum and milk anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers, bacterial counts in milk, adverse reactions, milk yield and milk somatic cells count over 300 days of lactation. The SCSP vaccine conferred a significant reduction in the incidence of staphylococcal mastitis. Milk and serum anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers were increased in the vaccinated cows compared to unvaccinated control cows. Anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers decreased at about 120 days in milk, indicating the duration of immunity of about four months. In conclusion, the SASP and SCSP vaccines conferred partial protection from natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN 37886, USA
| | - Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Barbara E Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Liesel Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Stephanie M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kinsley D Frady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Chakrawarti A, Casey CL, Burk A, Mugabi R, Ochoa A, Barlow JW. An observational study demonstrates human-adapted Staphylococcus aureus strains have a higher frequency of antibiotic resistance compared to cattle-adapted strains isolated from dairy farms making farmstead cheese. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:75. [PMID: 38409123 PMCID: PMC10898128 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a multi-host zoonotic pathogen causing human and livestock diseases. Dairy farms that make artisan cheese have distinctive concerns for S. aureus control. Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) S. aureus is a public and animal health concern. There is a need to study the population structure of AMR S. aureus at the human-animal interface and understand the path of zoonotic transmission. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and AMR patterns of S. aureus isolated from cattle and humans on conventional and organic Vermont dairy farms that produce and sell farmstead cheese. RESULTS A convenience sample of 19 dairy farms in Vermont was enrolled, and 160 S. aureus isolates were collected from cow quarter milk (CQM), bulk tank milk (BTM), human-hand and -nasal swabs. After deduplication, 89 isolates were used for the analysis. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing and cataloged to the PubMLST database. Nine defined and five novel STs were identified. For BTM and CQM samples, six STs were identified within cow-adapted CC97 and CC151. Two human-adapted STs were isolated from BTM and CQM. Seven human-adapted clonal complexes with eight STs were identified from human samples. One cow-adapted ST was isolated from a human. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Approximately 27% of the isolates were beta-lactam resistant and blaZ gene-positive. S. aureus isolates from human swabs were more likely to carry blaZ compared to isolates from CQM or BTM. S. aureus isolated from cows and humans on the same farm belonged to different STs. CONCLUSION Humans were more likely to carry beta-lactam-resistant S. aureus compared to cows, and on organic farms only human-adapted blaZ positive STs were isolated from BTM. Moreover, we identified potential spillover events of S. aureus sequence types between host species. The presence of penicillin-resistant-human-adapted S. aureus on both organic and conventional dairy farms highlights a "One Health" concern at the junction of public and animal health requiring further surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashma Chakrawarti
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christine L Casey
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Ariela Burk
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - John W Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Elsayed MM, Elkenany RM, El-Khateeb AY, Nabil NM, Tawakol MM, Hassan HM. Isolation and encapsulation of bacteriophage with chitosan nanoparticles for biocontrol of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broiler poultry farms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4702. [PMID: 38409454 PMCID: PMC10897325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was divided into two parts. The first part, the determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in 25 broiler chicken farms, with the detection of multidrug resistant MRSA strains. The prevalence of MRSA was 31.8% (159 out of 500 samples) at the level of birds and it was 27% (27 out of 100) in the environmental samples. The highest antimicrobial resistance of the recovered MRSA strains was recorded to streptomycin (96%). All isolates (100%) had multidrug resistance (MDR) to four or more antibiotics with 16 distinct antibiotic resistant patterns, and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of 0.4-1. The second part, implementing novel biocontrol method for the isolated multidrug resistant MRSA strains through the isolation of its specific phage and detection of its survival rate at different pH and temperature degrees and lytic activity with and without encapsulation by chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). Encapsulated and non-encapsulated MRSA phages were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Encapsulation of MRSA phage with CS-NPs increasing its lytic activity and its resistance to adverse conditions from pH and temperature. The findings of this study suggested that CS-NPs act as a protective barrier for MRSA phage for the control of multidrug resistant MRSA in broiler chicken farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Y El-Khateeb
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
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Kim E, Yang SM, Kwak HS, Moon BY, Lim SK, Kim HY. Genomic characteristics of cfr and fexA carrying Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pig carcasses in Korea. Vet Res 2024; 55:21. [PMID: 38365748 PMCID: PMC10874063 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of transferable linezolid resistance genes poses significant challenges to public health, as it does not only confer linezolid resistance but also reduces susceptibility to florfenicol, which is widely used in the veterinary field. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses and further clarified potential resistance and virulence mechanisms in a newly identified sequence type. Of more than 2500 strains isolated in a prior study, 15 isolated from pig carcasses exhibited linezolid resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 8 mg/L). The strains were characterized in detail by genomic analysis. Linezolid-resistant S. aureus strains exhibited a high degree of genetic lineage diversity, with one strain (LNZ_R_SAU_64) belonging to ST8004, which has not been reported previously. The 15 strains carried a total of 21 antibiotic resistance genes, and five carried mecA associated with methicillin resistance. All strains harbored cfr and fexA, which mediate resistance to linezolid, phenicol, and other antibiotics. Moreover, the strains carried enterotoxin gene clusters, including the hemolysin, leukotoxin, and protease genes, which are associated with humans or livestock. Some genes were predicted to be carried in plasmids or flanked by ISSau9 and the transposon Tn554, thus being transmittable between staphylococci. Strains carrying the plasmid replicon repUS5 displayed high sequence similarity (99%) to the previously reported strain pSA737 in human clinical samples in the United States. The results illustrate the need for continuous monitoring of the prevalence and transmission of linezolid-resistant S. aureus isolated from animals and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Kwak
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Warsi OM, Upterworth LM, Breidenstein A, Lustig U, Mikkelsen K, Nagy T, Szatmari D, Ingmer H, Andersson DI. Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to the feed-additive monensin show increased virulence and altered purine metabolism. mBio 2024; 15:e0315523. [PMID: 38214510 PMCID: PMC10865815 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionophores are antibacterial compounds that affect bacterial growth by changing intracellular concentrations of the essential cations, sodium and potassium. They are extensively used in animal husbandry to increase productivity and reduce infectious diseases, but our understanding of the potential for and effects of resistance development to ionophores is poorly known. Thus, given their widespread global usage, it is important to determine the potential negative consequences of ionophore use on human and animal health. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to the ionophore monensin can select for resistant mutants in the human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, with a majority of the resistant mutants showing increased growth rates in vitro and/or in mice. Whole-genome sequencing and proteomic analysis of the resistant mutants show that the resistance phenotype is associated with de-repression of de novo purine synthesis, which could be achieved through mutations in different transcriptional regulators including mutations in the gene purR, the repressor of the purine de novo synthesis pathway. This study shows that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the ionophore monensin can be readily selected and highlights an unexplored link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and fitness in pathogenic bacteria.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates a novel link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and virulence/fitness in the key human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the commonly used ionophore monensin can be readily selected and that the reduced susceptibility observed is associated with an increased expression of the de novo purine synthesis pathway. This study increases our understanding of the impact of the use of animal feed additives on both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Warsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina M. Upterworth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Breidenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lustig
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szatmari
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan I. Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sewid AH, Kania SA. Distinguishing characteristics of Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans of human and canine origin. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296850. [PMID: 38330059 PMCID: PMC10852249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans are opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. They were previously classified as Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. schleiferi and Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. coagulans, respectively, and recently reclassified as separate species. S. coagulans, is frequently associated with dogs, whereas S. schleiferi is more commonly isolated from humans. Coagulase activity status is a defining characteristic of the otherwise closely related species. However, the use of coagulase tests originally developed to distinguish S. aureus from non-coagulase-producing staphylococci, for this purpose is questionable and the basis for their host preference has not been elucidated. In the current study, a putative coa gene was identified and correlated with coagulase activity measured using a chromogenic assay with human and bovine prothrombin (closely related to canine prothrombin). The results of the tests performed with human prothrombin showed greater reactivity of S. coagulans isolates from humans than isolates obtained from dogs with the same substrate. Our data suggest that unlike S. coagulans isolates from humans, isolates from dogs have more coagulase activity with bovine prothrombin (similar to canine prothrombin) than human prothrombin. Differences in nuc and 16s rRNA genes suggest a divergence in S. coagulans and S. schleiferi. Phenotypic and genotypic variation based on the number of IgG binding domains, and the numbers of tandem repeats in C-terminal fibronectin binding motifs was also found in protein A, and fibronectin-binding protein B respectively. This study identified a coa gene and associated phenotypic activity that differentiates S. coagulans and S. schleiferi and identified key phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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40
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Attia ASA, Abou Elez RMM, El-Gazzar N, Elnahriry SS, Alfifi A, Al-Harthi HF, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Diab HM, Ibrahim D. Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with Mugil cephalus in retail fish markets concerning methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348973. [PMID: 38371296 PMCID: PMC10869461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are potent bacterial pathogens posing major hazards to human health via consuming fish harboring these pathogens or by cross-contamination beyond the contaminated environment. The aim of this study was to determine risk variables associated with the presence of certain pathogenic bacteria from Mugil cephalus fish in retail markets in Egypt. The virulence genes of A. hydrophila and S. aureus were also studied. Furthermore, the antibiotic sensitivity and multidrug resistance of the microorganisms were evaluated. Methods In a cross-sectional investigation, 370 samples were collected from mullet skin and muscle samples, washing water, fish handlers, knives, and chopping boards. Furthermore, fish handlers' public health implications were assessed via their response to a descriptive questionnaire. Results S. aureus and Aeromonas species dominated the investigated samples with percentages of 26.76% and 30.81%, respectively. Furthermore, A. hydrophila and MRSA were the predominant recovered bacterial pathogens among washing water and knives (53.85% and 46.66%, respectively). The virulence markers aerA and hlyA were found in 90.7% and 46.5% of A. hydrophila isolates, respectively. Moreover, the virulence genes nuc and mec were prevalent in 80% and 60% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed that all A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and all MRSA isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Remarkably, multiple drug resistance (MDR) patterns were detected in high proportions in A. hydrophila (88.37%) and MRSA (100%) isolates. The prevalence of Aeromonas spp. and S. aureus had a positive significant correlation with the frequency of handwashing and use of sanitizer in cleaning of instruments. MRSA showed the highest significant prevalence rate in the oldest age category. Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria recovered in this study were virulent and had a significant correlation with risk factors associated with improper fish handling. Furthermore, a high frequency of MDR was detected in these pathogenic bacteria, posing a significant risk to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S. A. Attia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. M. Abou Elez
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S. Elnahriry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alfifi
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F. Al-Harthi
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohmoud Diab
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Addis MF, Locatelli C, Penati M, Poli SF, Monistero V, Zingale L, Rota N, Gusmara C, Piccinini R, Moroni P, Bronzo V. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci isolated from bovine milk in Italian dairy farms: a retrospective investigation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:547-554. [PMID: 37558858 PMCID: PMC10811067 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are associated with bovine mastitis and increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) but their relationships with mammary gland health at the species level are not clearly defined. Regional differences have also been reported in their specific prevalence. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in milk microbiology is generating large and dependable datasets with the potential of providing useful epidemiological information. We present the retrospective analysis of 17,213 milk samples sent to our laboratory in 2021-2022, including 13,146 quarter samples from cows with subclinical (SCM) or clinical mastitis (CM) from 104 farms, and 4,067 composite herd survey (HS) samples from 21 farms. NASM were isolated from 21.12% of SCM, 11.49% of CM, and 15.59% of HS milk samples. The three most frequently identified NASM in SCM milk were Staphylococcus chromogenes (33.33%), S. haemolyticus (26.07%), and S. epidermidis (10.65%); together with S. microti and S. hyicus, these species were significantly more prevalent in quarters with SCM (p < 0.05). The three most frequently identified NASM in CM milk were S. chromogenes (31.69%), S. haemolyticus (21.42%), and Mammaliicoccus sciuri (18.38%), although no significant associations were found between these NASM species and CM. The three most frequently identified NASM in HS milk were S. chromogenes (44.49%), S. epidermidis (17.84%), and S. haemolyticus (17.23%), with S. chromogenes being isolated in all the farms sending HS milk (100%). In conclusion, this retrospective study provides the first information on the NASM species isolated from cow milk in Italy, expanding our knowledge on the epidemiology of NASM at the species level and providing further insights into their relationships with mammary gland health in modern dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Fusar Poli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Zingale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Guzmán-Rodríguez JJ, Gutiérrez-Chávez AJ, Meléndez-Soto RM, Amador-Sánchez MA, Franco-Robles E. Antimicrobial activities of Agave fructans against multi-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:61-67. [PMID: 37493941 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an emerging disease that causes large economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus its main etiological agent, is multi-resistant to antimicrobials and produces biofilm. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Agave fructans (AF), a type of prebiotic, on multi-resistant and biofilm-forming isolates of S. aureus. Ten isolates of S. aureus from bovine subclinical mastitis previously characterized as highly resistant to antimicrobials and biofilm formers were used in this study. The growth kinetics of S. aureus in the presence of AF was evaluated by the Baranyi and Roberts microbial growth model using the DMFit program. The antibacterial activity of AF against S. aureus was studied by the well-diffusion method and the effect on biofilm formation by the crystal violet method. All assays were performed in triplicate for each isolate and an ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc was performed considering p < 0.05 as significant. The AF showed a decrease in maximum growth rate (µmax) and OD max levels (Ymax) in all isolates with all concentrations. Also, zones of inhibition were observed due to the effect of all AF concentrations in all isolates in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, S. aureus biofilm formation was inhibited by all AF concentrations assessed in this study. More investigations are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action of AF on S. aureus as well as in vivo studies to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelina Julia Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Division of Life Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km 9. Irapuato-Silao, Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, Mexico
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation of Michoacan State, Michoacan, 58060, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Abner Josué Gutiérrez-Chávez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Division of Life Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km 9. Irapuato-Silao, Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Meléndez-Soto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Jesus Maria, Aguascalientes, 20934, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Amador-Sánchez
- Interinstitutional Master's Degree in Livestock Production, Division of Life Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36500, Mexico
| | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Division of Life Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km 9. Irapuato-Silao, Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, Mexico.
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Pogány Simonová M, Chrastinová Ľ, Ščerbová J, Focková V, Plachá I, Tokarčíková K, Žitňan R, Lauková A. The effect of enterocin A/P dipeptide on growth performance, glutathione-peroxidase activity, IgA secretion and jejunal morphology in rabbits after experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis P3Tr2a Infection. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:507-517. [PMID: 38051451 PMCID: PMC10810977 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci in humans and animals need special attention for their difficult treatment and zoonotic character, therefore novel antimicrobial compounds on a natural base against antibiotic-resistant bacteria are requested. Currently, bacteriocins/enterocins present a new promising way to overcome this problem, both in prevention and treatment. Therefore, the preventive and medicinal effect of dipeptide enterocin EntA/P was evaluated against MR Staphylococcus epidermidis SEP3/Tr2a strain in a rabbit model, testing their influence on growth performance, glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, phagocytic activity (PA), secretory (s)IgA, and jejunal morphometry (JM). Eighty-eight rabbits (aged 35 days, meat line M91, both sexes) were divided into experimental groups S (SEP3/Tr2a strain; 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL; dose 500µL/animal/day for 7 days, between days 14 and 21 to simulate the pathogen attack), E (EntA/P; 50 µL/animal/day, 25,600 AU/mL in two intervals, for preventive effect between days 0 and 14; for medicinal effect between days 28 and 42), E + S (EntA/P + SEP3/Tr2a; preventive effect; SEP3/Tr2a + EntA/P; medicinal effect) and control group (C; without additives). Higher body weight was recorded in all experimental groups (p < 0.001) compared to control data. The negative influence/attack of the SEP3Tra2 strain on the intestinal immunity and environment was reflected as decreased GPx activity, worse JM parameters and higher sIgA concentration in infected rabbits. These results suggest the promising preventive use of EntA/P to improve the immunity and growth of rabbits, as well as its therapeutic potential and protective role against staphylococcal infections in rabbit breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pogány Simonová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia.
| | - Ľubica Chrastinová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, Nitra-Lužianky, 95141, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščerbová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Valentína Focková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Plachá
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Tokarčíková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Rudolf Žitňan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, Nitra-Lužianky, 95141, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
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Jurado A, Fernández L, Rodríguez A, García P. Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from the food sector compared to clinical and cow mastitis isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1327131. [PMID: 38348375 PMCID: PMC10859521 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1327131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infections by the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus currently represent one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide, especially due to the production of enterotoxins and the ability to form biofilms. These structures and the acquisition of antibiotic resistance limit the action of antibiotics and disinfectants used to combat this microorganism in the industry and the clinic. Methods This work reports a comparative phenotypic and genotypic study of 18 S. aureus strains from different origins: clinical samples, milk from mastitic cows and food industry surfaces, most of which were isolated in Northern Spain. Results Genetically, the strains were very diverse but, in most cases, a closer proximity was observed for those from the same source. Notably, the average number of virulence genes was not significantly different in strains from the food sector. Of the 18 strains, 10 coded for at least one enterotoxin, and four of them carried 6 or 7 enterotoxin genes. The latter were all veterinary or clinical isolates. Most strains carried prophages, plasmids and/or pathogenicity islands. Regarding antibiotic resistance, although phenotypically all strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, resistance genes were only identified in 44.5% of strains, being mastitis isolates those with the lowest prevalence. Virulence-related phenotypic properties such as haemolytic activity, staphyloxanthin production, biofilm-forming capacity and spreading ability were widely distributed amongst the isolates. Conclusions Our results indicate that production of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation can be found in S. aureus isolates from diverse environments, including the food industry, although some of these traits are more prevalent in strains isolated from infections in cows or humans. This emphasizes on the importance of monitoring the spread of these determinants not only in samples from the clinical environment, but also along the food chain, a strategy that falls under the prism of a one-health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jurado
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
- DairySafe Group. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
- DairySafe Group. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
- DairySafe Group. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
- DairySafe Group. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Kungu JM, Tegule SS, Awke IA, Namayanja J, Namyalo E, Oposhia J, Olum W, Nyakarahuka L, Kankya C, Dahourou D, Odoi A. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and humans in farming communities of Isingiro and Kamuli districts, Uganda. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1900. [PMID: 38253756 PMCID: PMC10803302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is fast becoming a big challenge as resistance to multiple drugs is rising rapidly. The emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus worldwide is life-threatening in both humans and animals and yet little is known about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries including Uganda. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant S. aureus among humans and animals as well as assess the perceptions and practices of farmers in Kamuli and Isingiro districts in Uganda regarding AMR of S. aureus. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 in 147 randomly selected cattle-keeping households in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. A structured questionnaire uploaded in the Kobo-collect online data collection tool was used to assess farmers' perceptions and practices pertaining to AMR in each of the selected households. Nasal swabs (n = 147) were collected from both cattle and humans (farmers). Bacterial isolation and confirmation was done using Gram-staining and biochemical tests. This was followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Only 14/147 (9.5%) cattle samples and 45/147(30.6%) human samples tested positive for S. aureus. All cattle S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nitroimidazoles while 92.9% were resistant to Penicillins. None of the isolates were resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides. All the 14 isolates exhibited AMR to at least one of the assessed antibiotics and 92.9% (13/14) showed evidence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Likewise, S. aureus human isolates showed high levels of resistance to Nitroimidazoles (100%) and Penicillins (93.3%), with none of the isolates having resistance to Aminoglycosides, and only one exhibiting resistance to Fluoroquinolones (2.2%). All the 45 human isolates exhibited AMR to at least one antibiotic while 93% (42/45) had MDR. Most farmers had good perceptions of AMR, with a significantly higher proportion of respondents from Isingiro than Kamuli showing a better understanding of AMR. Antibiotic prophylaxis was reported to be the least practiced measure of diseases and parasites control (17.0%), with more farmers in Isingiro (33.3%) undertaking it than those in Kamuli (1.3%) (p < 0.001). Penicillins and Nitroimidazoles were reported to be the most used antibiotics among cattle and humans. This study provides evidence of occurrence of S. aureus resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in both humans and livestock in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. Farmers had good perceptions regarding AMR as well as good antimicrobial use practices which can form a basis for mitigation of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kungu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Sarah S Tegule
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ilyas A Awke
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Edity Namyalo
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Luke Nyakarahuka
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clovice Kankya
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Agricola Odoi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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Sakoulas G, Nizet V. Measuring beta-lactam minimum inhibitory concentrations in Staphylococcus aureus in the clinical microbiology laboratory: pinning the tail on the donkey. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0036623. [PMID: 37966224 PMCID: PMC10793257 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00366-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant shortcomings have been identified in standard methods of susceptibility testing in bacteriological media, not only because the media fails to recapitulate the in vivo environment, but susceptibility testing itself fails to capture sub-MIC effects that significantly attenuate bacterial virulence properties. Until susceptibility testing conditions better recapitulate the in vivo environment, attempts to establish the quantitative relevance of beta-lactam MIC using current clinical microbiology standards in Staphylococcus aureus infections will likely prove unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sakoulas
- Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, California, USA
- UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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Reydams H, Toledo-Silva B, Mertens K, Piepers S, Vereecke N, Souza FN, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of iron acquisition in diverse bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococcal strains. Vet Res 2024; 55:6. [PMID: 38217046 PMCID: PMC10785429 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the role of iron in bacterial infections has been well described for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, iron acquisition in (bovine-associated) non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) remains insufficiently mapped. This study aimed at elucidating differences between four diverse bovine NASM field strains from two species, namely S. chromogenes and S. equorum, in regards to iron uptake (with ferritin and lactoferrin as an iron source) and siderophore production (staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B) by investigating the relationship between the genetic basis of iron acquisition through whole genome sequencing (WGS) with their observed phenotypic behavior. The four field strains were isolated in a previous study from composite cow milk (CCM) and bulk tank milk (BTM) in a Flemish dairy herd. Additionally, two well-studied S. chromogenes isolates originating from a persistent intramammary infection and from a teat apex were included for comparative purpose in all assays. Significant differences between species and strains were identified. In our phenotypical iron acquisition assay, while lactoferrin had no effect on growth recovery for all strains in iron deficient media, we found that ferritin served as an effective source for growth recovery in iron-deficient media for S. chromogenes CCM and BTM strains. This finding was further corroborated by analyzing potential ferritin iron acquisition genes using whole-genome sequencing data, which showed that all S. chromogenes strains contained hits for all three proposed ferritin reductive pathway genes. Furthermore, a qualitative assay indicated siderophore production by all strains, except for S. equorum. This lack of siderophore production in S. equorum was supported by a quantitative assay, which revealed significantly lower or negligible siderophore amounts compared to S. aureus and S. chromogenes. The WGS analysis showed that all tested strains, except for S. equorum, possessed complete staphyloferrin A (SA)-synthesis and export operons, which likely explains the phenotypic absence of siderophore production in S. equorum strains. While analyzing the staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B operon landscapes for all strains, we noticed some differences in the proteins responsible for iron acquisition between different species. However, within strains of the same species, the siderophore-related proteins remained conserved. Our findings contribute valuable insights into the genetic elements associated with bovine NASM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Reydams
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Mertens
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nick Vereecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- PathoSense BV, Lier, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av. 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Loncaric I, Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Cabal-Rosel A, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Oberrauch C, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Spergser J. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad304. [PMID: 38159931 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S. aureus isolates were detected and characterized pheno- and genotypically. Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was observed. The isolates were assigned to eight different spa types (t21057 (novel), t10103, t18853, t20842, t318, t355, t458, and t9432) belonging to six clonal complexes (CCs) (CC152, CC30, CC3591, CC3666, CC522, and CC97). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83), and the human and bovine variants of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the nares of ruminants in Rwanda are colonized with mastitis-associated S. aureus, including lineages that are also carried by humans, underscoring the zoonotic risk, especially for livestock keepers. These results highlight the crucial importance of hygiene measures when handling livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine-CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, P.O. Box 210, Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Celine Oberrauch
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Hahaj-Siembida A, Nowakiewicz A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Szecówka K, Trościańczyk A, Zięba P, Kania MG. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as a specific and underappreciated reservoir of resistant and virulent coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. strains. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105111. [PMID: 38113638 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in swabs collected from red foxes and to characterize the drug resistance and virulence of these bacteria. In total, 415 rectal and oral swabs were collected, and coagulase-positive strains of S. pseudintermedius (n = 104) and S. aureus (n = 27) were identified using multiplex-PCR and MALDI TOF MS. Subsequent analyses showed the highest phenotypic resistance of the strains to penicillin (16.8%) and tetracycline (30.5%) confirmed by the presence of the blaZ, tetM, and tetK genes. Slightly lower resistance to erythromycin (6.9%), clindamycin (9.2%), gentamicin, streptogramins, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and sulphamethoxazol/trimetophrim was exhibited by single strains. Several virulence genes in a few different combinations were detected in S. aureus; LukE-LukD, and seB were the most frequent genes (37%), LukE-LukD, seB, and seC were detected in 11% of the strains, and PVL, etA, etB, and tst genes were present in two or single strains. The results of our research have confirmed that the red fox is an underestimated reservoir of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains, with approximately 50% of carriers of at least one resistance gene. In turn, 88.8% of the S. aureus strains had one or more virulence genes; therefore, this species of wildlife animals should be monitored as part of epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Hahaj-Siembida
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Szecówka
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Greguła Kania
- Department of Animal Breeding and Agricultural Advisory, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Elshazely RMY, Amer IH, Aal SFAAE, Aal SFAAE, Tahoun ABMB. Antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from raw milk and some dairy products with special reference to biofilm gene expression. Open Vet J 2024; 14:164-175. [PMID: 38633171 PMCID: PMC11018401 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are well defined as food poisoning pathogens that are highly resistant and need continuous studies. Aim The purpose of the work was to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and treatment trials with medicinal plants. Methods Samples were examined for isolation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on selective media followed by biochemical confirmation, biofilm formation, genes detection, and expression of P. aeruginosa pslA biofilm gene was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after treatment with 0.312 mg/ml Moringa oleifera aqueous extract as a minimum inhibitory concentration. Results The highest isolation rate of P. aeruginosa was 20% from both raw milk and Kariesh cheese, followed by 16% and 12% from ice cream and processed cheese, respectively, while the highest isolation rate of S. aureus was 36% from raw milk followed by 28% in ice cream and 16% in both Kariesh cheese and processed cheese. 30% of P. aeruginosa isolates were biofilm producers, while only 21% of S. aureus isolates were able to produce biofilm. The P. aeruginosa isolates harbor virulence-associated genes nan1, exoS, toxA, and pslA at 100%, 80%, 40%, and 40%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus SEs genes were examined in S. aureus strains, where SEA and SEB genes were detected with 60%, but no isolate harbored SEC, SED, or SEE. The significant fold change of P. aeruginosa pslA expression was 0.40332 after treatment with M. oleifera aqueous extract. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus harbor dangerous virulence genes that cause food poisoning, but M. oleifera extract could minimize their action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim H. Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Salah F. A. Abd-El Aal
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Salah F. A. Abd-El Aal
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa B. M. B. Tahoun
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| |
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