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Yang Q, Wang X, Schwarz S, Zhu Y, Zhang W. Identification of ISVlu1-derived translocatable units containing optrA and/or fexA genes generated by homologous or illegitimate recombination in Lactococcus garvieae of porcine origin. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110048. [PMID: 38479301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The optrA gene encodes an ABC-F protein which confers cross-resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. Insertion sequence ISVlu1, a novel ISL3-family member, was recently reported to be involved in the transmission of optrA in Vagococcus lutrae. However, the role of ISVlu1 in mobilizing resistance genes has not yet fully explored. In this study, two complete and three truncated copies of ISVlu1 were found on plasmid pBN62-optrA from Lactococcus garvieae. Analysis of the genetic context showed that both optrA and the phenicols resistance gene fexA were flanked by the complete or truncated ISVlu1 copies. Moreover, three different-sized ISVlu1-based translocatable units (TUs) carrying optrA and/or fexA, were detected from pBN62-optrA. Sequence analysis revealed that the TU-optrA was generated by homologous recombination while TU-fexA and TU-optrA+fexA were the products of illegitimate recombinations. Importantly, conjugation assays confirmed that pBN62-optrA was able to successfully transfer into the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. To our knowledge, this is the first report about an optrA-carrying plasmid in L. garvieae which could horizontally transfer into other species. More importantly, the ISVlu1-flanked genetic structures containing optrA and/or fexA were also observed in bacteria of different species, which underlines that ISVlu1 is highly active and plays a vital role in the transfer of some important resistance genes, such as optrA and fexA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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Frick AE, Schiefer J, Maleczek M, Schwarz S, Benazzo A, Rath A, Kulu A, Hritcu R, Faybik P, Schaden E, Jaksch P, Tschernko E, Frommlet F, Markstaller K, Hoetzenecker K. The Effect of Prone Positioning After Lung Transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:1045-1051. [PMID: 37150273 PMCID: PMC10162468 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prone positioning has become a standard therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome to improve oxygenation and decrease mortality. However, little is known about prone positioning in lung transplant recipients. This large, singe-center analysis investigated whether prone positioning improves gas exchange after lung transplantation. METHODS Clinical data of 583 patients were analyzed. Prone position was considered in case of impaired gas exchange Pao2/fraction of oxygen in inhaled air (<250), signs of edema after lung transplantation, and/or evidence of reperfusion injury. Patients with hemodynamic instability or active bleeding were not proned. Impact of prone positioning (n = 165) on gas exchange, early outcome and survival were determined and compared with patients in supine positioning (n = 418). RESULTS Patients in prone position were younger, more likely to have interstitial lung disease, and had a higher lung allocation score. Patients were proned for a median of 19 hours (interquartile range,15-26) hours). They had significantly lower Pao2/fraction of oxygen in inhaled air (227 ± 96 vs 303 ± 127 mm Hg, P = .004), and lower lung compliance (24.8 ± 9.1 mL/mbar vs 29.8 ± 9.7 mL/mbar, P < .001) immediately after lung transplantation. Both values significantly improved after prone positioning for 24 hours (Pao2/fraction of oxygen ratio: 331 ± 91 mm Hg; lung compliance: 31.7 ± 20.2 mL/mbar). Survival at 90 days was similar between the 2 groups (93% vs 96%, P = .105). CONCLUSIONS Prone positioning led to a significant improvement in lung compliance and oxygenation after lung transplantation. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefit of prone positioning in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Schiefer
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Maleczek
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Rath
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Askin Kulu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Hritcu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Faybik
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Tschernko
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Frommlet
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Markstaller
- Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kohl MM, Schwarz S, Jaksch P, Muraközy G, Kurz M, Schönbacher M, Tolios A, Frommlet F, Hoetzenecker K, Körmöczi GF. High Rate of Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome after ABO Minor Incompatible Lung Transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:995-1000. [PMID: 38078854 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) may complicate minor ABO mismatched lung transplantation (LuTX) via donor-derived red cell antibody-induced hemolysis.Objectives: To ascertain the incidence and specificity of PLS-relevant antibodies among the study population as well as the dynamics of hemolysis parameters and the transfusion requirement of patients with or without PLS.Methods: In this cohort study, 1,011 patients who received LuTX between January 2010 and June 2019 were studied retrospectively. Prospectively, 87 LuTX (July 2019 to June 2021) were analyzed. Postoperative ABO antibody and hemolytic marker determinations, transfusion requirement, and duration of postoperative hospital care were analyzed. Retrospectively, blood group A recipients of O grafts with PLS were compared with those without.Measurements and Main Results: PLS affected 18.18% (retrospective) and 30.77% (prospective) of A recipients receiving O grafts, 5.13% of B recipients of O grafts, and 20% of AB patients receiving O transplants. Anti-A and anti-A1 were the predominant PLS-inducing antibodies, followed by anti-B and anti-A,B. Significantly lower hemoglobin values (median, 7.4 vs. 8.3 g/dl; P = 0.0063) and an approximately twice as high percentage of patients requiring blood transfusions were seen in PLS. No significant differences in other laboratory markers, duration of hospital stay, or other complications after LuTX were registered.Conclusions: Minor ABO incompatible LuTX recipients are at considerable risk of developing clinically significant PLS. Post-transplant monitoring combining red cell serology and hemolysis marker determination appears advisable so as not to overlook hemolytic episodes that necessitate antigen-negative transfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin Kurz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy
| | | | | | - Florian Frommlet
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (Institute of Medical Statistics), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zamudio R, Boerlin P, Mulvey MR, Haenni M, Beyrouthy R, Madec JY, Schwarz S, Cormier A, Chalmers G, Bonnet R, Zhanel GG, Kaspar H, Mather AE. Global transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli driven by epidemic plasmids. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105097. [PMID: 38608515 PMCID: PMC11024496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are third and fourth generation cephalosporin antimicrobials used in humans and animals to treat infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Resistance to ESCs (ESC-R) in Enterobacterales is predominantly due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (AmpCs). The dynamics of ESBLs and AmpCs are changing across countries and host species, the result of global transmission of ESC-R genes. Plasmids are known to play a key role in this dissemination, but the relative importance of different types of plasmids is not fully understood. METHODS In this study, Escherichia coli with the major ESC-R genes blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 (ESBLs) and blaCMY-2 (AmpC), were selected from diverse host species and other sources across Canada, France and Germany, collected between 2003 and 2017. To examine in detail the vehicles of transmission of the ESC-R genes, long- and short-read sequences were generated to obtain complete contiguous chromosome and plasmid sequences (n = 192 ESC-R E. coli). The types, gene composition and genetic relatedness of these plasmids were investigated, along with association with isolate year, source and geographical origin, and put in context with publicly available plasmid sequences. FINDINGS We identified five epidemic resistance plasmid subtypes with distinct genetic properties that are associated with the global dissemination of ESC-R genes across multiple E. coli lineages and host species. The IncI1 pST3 blaCTX-M-1 plasmid subtype was found in more diverse sources than the other main plasmid subtypes, whereas IncI1 pST12 blaCMY-2 was more frequent in Canadian and German human and chicken isolates. Clonal expansion also contributed to the dissemination of the IncI1 pST12 blaCMY-2 plasmid in ST131 and ST117 E. coli harbouring this plasmid. The IncI1 pST2 blaCMY-2 subtype was predominant in isolates from humans in France, while the IncF F31:A4:B1 blaCTX-M-15 and F2:A-:B- blaCTX-M-14 plasmid subtypes were frequent in human and cattle isolates across multiple countries. Beyond their epidemic nature with respect to ESC-R genes, in our collection almost all IncI1 pST3 blaCTX-M-1 and IncF F31:A4:B1 blaCTX-M-15 epidemic plasmids also carried multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes conferring resistance to other antimicrobial classes. Finally, we found genetic signatures in the regions surrounding specific ESC-R genes, identifying the predominant mechanisms of ESC-R gene movement, and using publicly available databases, we identified these epidemic plasmids from widespread bacterial species, host species, countries and continents. INTERPRETATION We provide evidence that epidemic resistance plasmid subtypes contribute to the global dissemination of ESC-R genes, and in addition, some of these epidemic plasmids confer resistance to multiple other antimicrobial classes. The success of these plasmids suggests that they may have a fitness advantage over other plasmid types and subtypes. Identification and understanding of the vehicles of AMR transmission are crucial to develop and target strategies and interventions to reduce the spread of AMR. FUNDING This project was supported by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR), through the Medical Research Council (MRC, MR/R000948/1), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CFC-150770), and the Genomics Research and Development Initiative (Government of Canada), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) grant no. 01KI1709, the French Agency for food environmental and occupational health & safety (Anses), and the French National Reference Center (CNR) for antimicrobial resistance. Support was also provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Microbes in the Food ChainBB/R012504/1 and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR10348 (Theme 1, Epidemiology and Evolution of Pathogens in the Food Chain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Zamudio
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses - Université de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2ISH), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France; Centre National de Référence de la Résistance Aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses - Université de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Ashley Cormier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabhan Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2ISH), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France; Centre National de Référence de la Résistance Aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Department Method Standardisation, Resistance to Antibiotics Unit Monitoring of Resistance to Antibiotics, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin 12277, Germany
| | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom; University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Zou C, Xu C, Yu R, Shan X, Schwarz S, Li D, Du XD. Tandem amplification of a plasmid-borne tet(A) variant gene confers tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae095. [PMID: 38574003 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli that is mediated by the tet(A) variant gene. METHODS E. coli strain 573 carried a plasmid-borne tet(A) variant gene, tentatively designated tet(A)TIG, that conferred decreased tigecycline susceptibility (MIC 0.5 mg/L). When exposed to increasing concentrations of tigecycline (0.25-8 mg/L), mutants growing at 2, 4 and 8 mg/L were obtained and sequenced. Copies of plasmid and tet(A)TIG relative to the chromosomal DNA in the mutants were determined by WGS and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expression of tet(A)TIG in the mutants was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The tet(A)TIG-carrying plasmids were visualized by S1-PFGE and Southern blot hybridization. PCR served for the detection of a tet(A)TIG-carrying unconventional circularizable structure (UCS). RESULTS Tigecycline resistance with maximum MICs of 16 mg/L was seen in E. coli mutants selected in the presence of tigecycline. Compared with the parental strain, the relative copy number and transcription level of tet(A)TIG in the mutants increased significantly in the presence of 2, 4 and 8 mg/L tigecycline, respectively. With increasing tigecycline selection pressure, the tet(A)TIG-carrying plasmids in the mutants increased in size, correlating with the number of tandem amplificates of a ΔTnAs1-flanked UCS harbouring tet(A)TIG. These tandem amplificates were not stable in the absence of tigecycline. CONCLUSIONS Tigecycline resistance is due to the tandem amplification of a ΔTnAs1-flanked tet(A)TIG-carrying plasmid-borne segment in E. coli. The gain/loss of the tandem amplificates in the presence/absence of tigecycline represents an economic way for the bacteria to survive in the presence of tigecycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dexi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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Brenciani A, Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Massacci FR, Albini E, Cucco L, Paniccià M, Freitas AR, Schwarz S, Giovanetti E, Magistrali CF. Global spread of the linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST476 clonal lineage carrying optrA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:846-850. [PMID: 38366373 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the global distribution of an optrA-harbouring linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST476 clonal lineage. METHODS Comprehensive searches of the NCBI database were performed to identify published peer-reviewed articles and genomes of E. faecalis ST476. Each genome was analysed for resistome, virulome, OptrA variant and optrA genetic contexts. A phylogenetic comparison of ST476 genomes with publicly available genomes of other STs was also performed. RESULTS Sixty-six E. faecalis ST476 isolates from 15 countries (China, Japan, South Korea, Austria, Denmark, Spain, Czech Republic, Colombia, Tunisia, Italy, Malaysia, Belgium, Germany, United Arab Emirates and Switzerland) mainly of human and animal origin were identified. Thirty available ST476 genomes compared with genomes of 591 STs indicated a progressive radiation of E. faecalis STs starting from ST21. The closest ancestral node for ST476 was ST1238. Thirty E. faecalis ST476 genomes exhibited 3-916 SNP differences. Several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were conserved among the ST476 genomes. The optrA genetic context exhibited a high degree of or complete identity to the chromosomal transposon Tn6674. Only three isolates displayed an optrA-carrying plasmid with complete or partial Tn6674. The WT OptrA protein was most widespread in the ST476 lineage. CONCLUSIONS Linezolid-resistant optrA-carrying E. faecalis of the clonal lineage ST476 is globally distributed in human, animal and environmental settings. The presence of such an emerging clone can be of great concern for public health. Thus, a One Health approach is needed to counteract the spread and the evolution of this enterococcal clonal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Cucco
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Paniccià
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN-One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
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Kostova V, Hanke D, Kaspar H, Fiedler S, Schwarz S, Krüger-Haker H. Macrolide resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates associated with bovine respiratory disease from the German national resistance monitoring program GE RM-Vet 2009 to 2020. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356208. [PMID: 38495516 PMCID: PMC10940430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Data collected from the German national resistance monitoring program GERM-Vet showed slowly increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance among bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated Pasteurellacae from cattle over the last decade. The focus of this study was to analyze the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR)-mediating integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in 13 German BRD-associated Mannheimia haemolytica isolates collected between 2009 and 2020 via whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via broth microdilution according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for the macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, and tylosin as well as 25 other antimicrobial agents. All isolates either had elevated MICs or were resistant to at least one of the macrolides tested. Analysis of whole-genome sequences obtained by hybrid assembly of Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION reads revealed the presence of seven novel Tn7406-like ICEs, designated Tn7694, and Tn7724- Tn7729. These ICEs harbored the antimicrobial resistance genes erm(T), mef (C), mph(G), floR, catA3, aad(3")(9), aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, strA, strB, tet(Y), and sul2 in different combinations. In addition, mutational changes conferring resistance to macrolides, nalidixic acid or streptomycin, respectively, were detected among the M. haemolytica isolates. In addition, four isolates carried a 4,613-bp plasmid with the β-lactamase gene blaROB - 1. The detection of the macrolide resistance genes erm(T), mef (C), and mph(G) together with other resistance genes on MDR-mediating ICEs in bovine M. haemolytica may explain the occurrence of therapeutic failure when treating BRD with regularly used antimicrobial agents, such as phenicols, penicillins, tetracyclines, or macrolides. Finally, pathogen identification and subsequent AST is essential to ensure the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents applied to control BRD in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kostova
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Rosel AC, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Zöchbauer J, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Loncaric I. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis from dairy cows in Rwanda. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:326-335. [PMID: 38307251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from mastitis milk samples of cows in Rwanda. METHODS A total of 1080 quarter milk samples from 279 dairy cows were collected in 80 different farms from all five provinces of Rwanda. In total, 135 S. aureus isolates were obtained and subjected to genotyping (spa typing, DNA microarray, whole-genome sequencing (WGS)), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and phenotypic profiling by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (including capsular serotyping). RESULTS Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was most frequently observed. Ten sequence types (STs) (ST1, ST151, ST152, ST5477, ST700, ST7110, ST7983, ST7984, ST8320, ST97) belonging to seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC130, CC152, CC3591, CC3666, CC705, CC97) were detected. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83) and the human and bovine toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. FTIR-based capsular serotyping showed CC-specific differences. Most CC97 (cap5 allele) isolates were primarily nonencapsulated (82%), whereas isolates of CC3591 and CC3666 (cap8 allele) were mostly encapsulated (86.4% and 57.8%, respectively). Our results underline the widespread global distribution of cattle-adapted CC97. CONCLUSION The presence of CC3591 and CC3666 in bovine mastitis suggests an important role in cattle health and dairy production in Rwanda. The results of the present study support the need for a rigorous One-Health Surveillance program of the bovine-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine- CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, Nyagatare, Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Zöchbauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Blessberger H, Kiblboeck D, Grosse C, Noack P, Ebner J, Boetscher J, Maier J, Schwarz S, Reiter C, Fellner A, Lichtenauer M, Kellermair J, Kammler J, Saleh K, Steinwender C. Life cycle and post-mortem ingrowth patterns of a leadless pacemaker system. Europace 2024; 26:euae013. [PMID: 38242703 PMCID: PMC10869213 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kiblboeck
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Claudia Grosse
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Petar Noack
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Jakob Ebner
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jakob Boetscher
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Reiter
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Fellner
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Joerg Kellermair
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Juergen Kammler
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karim Saleh
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 64, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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10
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Barth SA, Preussger D, Pietschmann J, Feßler AT, Heller M, Herbst W, Schnee C, Schwarz S, Kloss F, Berens C, Menge C. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Microbial Natural Products against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary and Zoonotic Relevance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:135. [PMID: 38391521 PMCID: PMC10886079 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats to both human and animal health. Efforts to address AMR include implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and introducing alternative treatment options. Nevertheless, effective treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria will still require the identification and development of new antimicrobial agents. Eight different natural products were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven pathogenic bacterial species (Brachyspira sp., Chlamydia sp., Clostridioides sp., Mannheimia sp., Mycobacterium sp., Mycoplasma sp., Pasteurella sp.). In a first pre-screening, most compounds (five out of eight) inhibited bacterial growth only at high concentrations, but three natural products (celastramycin A [CA], closthioamide [CT], maduranic acid [MA]) displayed activity at concentrations <2 µg/mL against Pasteurella sp. and two of them (CA and CT) also against Mannheimia sp. Those results were confirmed by testing a larger collection of isolates encompassing 64 Pasteurella and 56 Mannheimia field isolates originating from pigs or cattle, which yielded MIC90 values of 0.5, 0.5, and 2 µg/mL against Pasteurella and 0.5, 4, and >16 µg/mL against Mannheimia for CA, CT, and MA, respectively. CA, CT, and MA exhibited higher MIC50 and MIC90 values against Pasteurella isolates with a known AMR phenotype against commonly used therapeutic antimicrobial agents than against isolates with unknown AMR profiles. This study demonstrates the importance of whole-cell antibacterial screening of natural products to identify promising scaffolds with broad- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobial activity against important Gram-negative veterinary pathogens with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Preussger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Pietschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Werner Herbst
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kloss
- Transfer Group Anti-Infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Leibniz-HKI, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Hoetzenecker K, Benazzo A, Schwarz S, Keshavjee S, Cypel M. The Advent of Semi-Elective Lung Transplantation-Prolonged Static Cold Storage at 10°C. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12310. [PMID: 38317690 PMCID: PMC10839059 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Since the early days of clinical lung transplantation the preservation of donor organs has become a fairly standardized procedure and most centers do follow similar processes. This includes the use of low-potassium high dextran flush solutions and static cold storage (SCS) in a cooler filled with ice. Depending on the length of SCS, organs usually arrive at the recipient hospital at a temperature of 0°C-4°C. The question of the optimal storage temperature for donor lung preservation has been revisited as data from large animal experiments demonstrated that organs stored at 10°C experience less mitochondrial damage. Thus, prolonged cold ischemic times can be better tolerated at 10°C-even in pre-damaged organs. The clinical applicability of these findings was demonstrated in an international multi-center observational study including three high-volume lung transplant centers. Total clinical preservation times of up to 24 hrs have been successfully achieved in organs stored at 10°C without hampering primary organ function and short-term outcomes. Currently, a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) is recruiting patients with the aim to compare standard SCS on ice with prolonged SCS protocol at 10°C. If, as anticipated, this RCT confirms data from previous studies, lung transplantation could indeed become a semi-elective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Keshavjee
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Cypel
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Monecke S, Braun SD, Collatz M, Diezel C, Müller E, Reinicke M, Cabal Rosel A, Feßler AT, Hanke D, Loncaric I, Schwarz S, Cortez de Jäckel S, Ruppitsch W, Gavier-Widén D, Hotzel H, Ehricht R. Molecular Characterization of Chimeric Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Waterfowl. Microorganisms 2024; 12:96. [PMID: 38257923 PMCID: PMC10821479 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing S. aureus isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene cna; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant spa type. Thus, they were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. This revealed multiple insertions of large regions of DNA from other S. aureus lineages into a CC133-derived backbone genome. Three distinct strains were identified based on the size and extent of these inserts. One strain comprised two small inserts of foreign DNA up- and downstream of oriC; one of about 7000 nt or 0.25% originated from CC692 and the other, at ca. 38,000 nt or 1.3% slightly larger one was of CC522 provenance. The second strain carried a larger CC692 insert (nearly 257,000 nt or 10% of the strain's genome), and its CC522-derived insert was also larger, at about 53,500 nt or 2% of the genome). The third strain carried an identical CC692-derived region (in which the same mutations were observed as in the second strain), but it had a considerably larger CC522-like insertion of about 167,000 nt or 5.9% of the genome. Both isolates of the first, and two out of four isolates of the second strain also harbored a hemolysin-beta-integrating prophage carrying "bird-specific" virulence factors, ornithine cyclodeaminase D0K6J8 and a putative protease D0K6J9. Furthermore, isolates had two different variants of SCC elements that lacked mecA/mecC genes. These findings highlight the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of S. aureus facilitated by SCC elements, by phages, and by a yet undescribed mechanism for large-scale exchange of core genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximillian Collatz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Loncaric I, Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Cabal-Rosel A, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Oberrauch C, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Spergser J. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad304. [PMID: 38159931 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S. aureus isolates were detected and characterized pheno- and genotypically. Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was observed. The isolates were assigned to eight different spa types (t21057 (novel), t10103, t18853, t20842, t318, t355, t458, and t9432) belonging to six clonal complexes (CCs) (CC152, CC30, CC3591, CC3666, CC522, and CC97). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83), and the human and bovine variants of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the nares of ruminants in Rwanda are colonized with mastitis-associated S. aureus, including lineages that are also carried by humans, underscoring the zoonotic risk, especially for livestock keepers. These results highlight the crucial importance of hygiene measures when handling livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine-CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, P.O. Box 210, Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Celine Oberrauch
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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14
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Käbisch L, Schink AK, Hoeltig D, Verspohl J, Gyuranecz M, Spergser J, Kehrenberg C, Schwarz S. Evaluation of a Method for Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Mycoplasma hyorhinis Field Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2881. [PMID: 38138024 PMCID: PMC10746044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organizations like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) provide standardized methodologies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a wide range of nonfastidious and fastidious bacteria, but so far not for Mycoplasma spp. of animal origin. Recently, a proposed method for the standardized broth microdilution testing of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using commercial Sensititre microtiter plates was presented. In this study, we evaluated this broth microdilution method with 37 field isolates and tested their susceptibility toward the following antimicrobial agents: doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin. The isolates originated from different countries, isolation sites, and years. The broth microdilution method was carried out using a modified Friis broth as the culture and test medium. For macrolides and lincosamides, a bimodal distribution with elevated MIC values could be observed for almost half of the tested field isolates, deducing reduced susceptibility toward these substances. With a recently published protocol, we were able to test a variety of field isolates, and consistent data could be obtained. Using this method, monitoring studies of Mycoplasma hyorhinis isolates can be carried out in a comparable manner, and the observed susceptibility profiles can be screened for possible changes in MIC values in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Käbisch
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | - Doris Hoeltig
- Division for Pigs, Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- MolliScience Kft., H-2051 Biatorbágy, Hungary
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Yao H, Xing H, Wang N, Zhang L, Schwarz S, Li C, Cai C, Xu C, Du XD. IS257-mediated amplification of tet(L) variant as a novel mechanism of enhanced tigecycline resistance in Staphylococcus cohnii. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104114. [PMID: 37572822 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of enhanced tigecycline MIC in Staphylococcus cohnii after in vitro tigecycline exposure was investigated. S. cohnii 11-B-312 was exposed to incremental concentrations of tigecycline (2-32 mg/L) and the mutants growing at 8, 16 and 32 mg/L were determined by AST and WGS. Copy number and relative transcription level of the tet(L) gene were determined by quantitative PCR. The fitness cost was evaluated by growth kinetics and competition assays. The results revealed that enhanced tigecycline MIC was identified in S. cohnii mutants. Copy number and relative transcription level of tet(L) in the mutants increased 8-, 20-, and 23-fold and 20-, 34-, and 39-fold in the presence of 8, 16, and 32 mg/L tigecycline, respectively. The read-mapping depth ratio analysis indicated that a multidrug resistance region carrying the tet(L) variant has a gradually increased copy number, correlating with the tigecycline selection pressure. S. cohnii strain 11-B-312_32 had a fitness cost, and enhanced tigecycline MIC can revert to the initial level in the absence of tigecycline. In summary, enhanced tigecycline MIC develops with extensive amplification of an IS257-flanked tet(L)-carrying segment in S. cohnii. IS257 seems to play a vital role in the gain and loss of the amplification product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Hongjie Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Likuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chenglong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Chang Cai
- College of Arts, Business, Law and Social Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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Domnanich KA, Satija S, Bodnar VS, Bollen G, Kleinfeldt CR, Liu Y, Rogers S, Schwarz S, Severin GW, Sumithrarachchi C, Villari ACC. Preparation of stable and long-lived source samples for the stand-alone beam program at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110958. [PMID: 37506481 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
At the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), an oven-ion source combination was used to create rare isotope beams in support of the stand-alone user beam program of the ReAccelerator (ReA) facility. This ion source, called Batch-Mode Ion Source (BMIS), was loaded with enriched stable nuclides (30Si, 50Cr, and 58Fe) and long-lived radionuclides (26Al, 32Si). The introduced samples, herein designated as source samples, were thermally volatilized in the BMIS oven, and then ionization was used to generate the required beams. Owing to the different chemical behavior of the used samples, it was important to tailor the sample loading process for each desired beam species. An important parameter here is the volatility of the introduced species, which influences the adequate release of the isotope of interest. Additionally, any co-present, volatile components will affect the ion yields of the desired isotope, while isobaric contaminants will decrease the beam purity. To manufacture isotope source samples that meet these characteristics, various chemical methodologies were developed. All prepared samples were successfully used in BMIS to deliver beams for various user beam experiments. The here-established sample preparation techniques will greatly aid future efforts in developing offline rare-isotope beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Domnanich
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Samridhi Satija
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Vladyslav S Bodnar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Georg Bollen
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Chloe R Kleinfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Sierra Rogers
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Gregory W Severin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Chandana Sumithrarachchi
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Antonio C C Villari
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, 640 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Henriques A, Nash S, Barofsky D, Bollen G, Lapierre A, Schwarz S, Sumithrarachchi C, Zhao Q, Villari ACC. Quantification and purification of isotopic contamination at the ReAccelerator of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:103306. [PMID: 37815423 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
At the ReAccelerator within the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, a combination of an interchangeable aluminum foil and a silicon detector was developed to quantify isobaric contamination in rare isotope beams. The device is simple to operate and is now used routinely. In this article, we describe the system and show an application of the device to determine the level of contamination of an Si-32 rare isotope beam by stable S-32. In addition, we describe how the new diagnostic device helped confirm an enhancement of the beam purity prior to beam delivery to experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henriques
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Nash
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Barofsky
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Bollen
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Lapierre
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Schwarz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Sumithrarachchi
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Q Zhao
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A C C Villari
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Kostova V, Hanke D, Schink AK, Kaspar H, Schwarz S, Krüger-Haker H. ICE-borne erm(T)-mediated macrolide resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2379-2381. [PMID: 37533327 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kostova
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Yu R, Li L, Zou C, Chen Z, Schwarz S, Chen S, Xu C, Yao H, Du XD. Emergence of high-level tigecycline resistance due to the amplification of a tet(A) gene variant in clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00358-0. [PMID: 37549732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of a tet(A) gene variant and its role in developing high-level tigecycline resistance among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) clinical isolates. METHODS The mechanism of high-level tigecycline resistance in CRKP mediated by a tet(A) variant was explored by induction experiments, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The amplification and overexpression of the tet(A) variant were measured by the determination of sequencing depth, gene copy numbers, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS A high rate (62.1%, 998/1607) of tet(A) variant carriage was observed among 1607 CRKP clinical isolates from Henan Province, China. High-level tigecycline resistance could rapidly develop by the amplification of the tet(A) variant in these isolates. The analysis of the raw sequencing data and the plasmid mapping depth revealed that the ΔtnpA homologous sequence of Tn1721 supports the amplification of the region that harbours the tet(A) variant by forming a large number of repeat arrays through translocatable units (TUs). Moreover, the epidemiological analysis of tet(A) variant-carrying structures among 1607 clinical CRKPs showed that the TU structure is widely present. CONCLUSION The presence of a tigecycline resistance-mediating tet(A) variant in CRKP clinical isolates represents a greater health concern than initially thought and should be monitored consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Q, Zhu Y, Schwarz S, Zhang W, Wang X. Characterization of an optrA-harbouring unconventional circularizable structure located on a novel ICESa2603 family-like integrative and conjugative element ICESsuHN38 in Streptococcus suis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:dkad205. [PMID: 37390381 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the novel genetic elements involved in the horizontal transfer of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA in Streptococcus suis. METHODS Whole-genome DNA of the optrA-positive isolate S. suis HN38 was subjected to WGS via both Illumina HiSeq and Oxford Nanopore platforms. MICs of several antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, rifampicin and tetracycline) were determined by broth microdilution. PCR assays were performed to identify the circular forms of the novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) ICESsuHN38, but also the unconventional circularizable structure (UCS) excised from this ICE. The transferability of ICESsuHN38 was evaluated by conjugation assays. RESULTS S. suis isolate HN38 harboured the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA. The optrA gene was flanked by two copies of erm(B) genes in the same orientation, located on a novel ICESa2603 family-like ICE, designated ICESsuHN38. PCR assays revealed that a novel UCS carrying the optrA and one copy of erm(B) could be excised from ICESsuHN38. Conjugation assays confirmed that ICESsuHN38 was able to successfully transfer into the recipient strain S. suis BAA. CONCLUSIONS In this work, a novel optrA-carrying mobile genetic element, a UCS, was identified in S. suis. The optrA gene was flanked by copies of erm(B) and its location on the novel ICESsuHN38 will aid its horizontal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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21
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Tang B, Zou C, Schwarz S, Xu C, Hao W, Yan XM, Huang Y, Ni J, Yang H, Du XD, Shan X. Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis of Chicken Origin Harbored Chromosome-Borne optrA and Plasmid-Borne cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2 Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274122. [PMID: 36995237 PMCID: PMC10269796 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02741-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the transferability of acquired linezolid resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements in an Enterococcus faecalis isolate QZ076, cocarrying optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2 genes. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. The transfer of linezolid resistance genes was investigated by conjugation, using E. faecalis JH2-2 and clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 109 as recipients. E. faecalis QZ076 harbors four plasmids, designated pQZ076-1 to pQZ076-4, with optrA located in the chromosomal DNA. The gene cfr was located on a novel pseudocompound transposon, designated Tn7515, integrated into the 65,961-bp pCF10-like pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid pQZ076-1. Tn7515 generated 8-bp direct target duplications (5'-GATACGTA-3'). The genes cfr(D) and poxtA2 were colocated on the 16,397-bp mobilizable broad-host-range Inc18 plasmid pQZ076-4. The cfr-carrying plasmid pQZ076-1 could transfer from E. faecalis QZ076 to E. faecalis JH2-2, along with the cfr(D)- and poxtA2-cocarrying plasmid pQZ076-4, conferring the corresponding resistant phenotype to the recipient. Moreover, pQZ076-4 could also transfer to MRSA 109. To the best of our knowledge, this study presented the first report of four acquired linezolid resistance genes [optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2] being simultaneously present in the same E. faecalis isolate. The location of the cfr gene on a pseudocompound transposon in a pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid will accelerate its rapid dissemination. In addition, the cfr-carrying pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid in E. faecalis was also able to mobilize the interspecies transfer of the cfr(D)- and poxtA2-cocarrying plasmid between enterococci and staphylococci. IMPORTANCE In this study, the simultaneous occurrence of four acquired oxazolidinone resistance genes [optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2] was identified in an E. faecalis isolate of chicken origin. The association of the cfr gene with a novel pseudocompound transposon Tn7515 integrated into a pCF10-like pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid will accelerate its dissemination. Moreover, the location of the resistance genes cfr(D) and poxtA2 on a mobilizable broad-host-range Inc18 family plasmid represents the basis for their intra- and interspecies dissemination with the aid of a conjugative plasmid and further accelerates the spreading of acquired oxazolidinone resistance genes, such as cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2, among Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Zou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chunyan Xu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Shan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Krüger-Haker H, Ji X, Hanke D, Fiedler S, Feßler AT, Jiang N, Kaspar H, Wang Y, Wu C, Schwarz S. Genomic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates Collected from Diseased Swine in the German National Resistance Monitoring Program GE RM-Vet from 2007 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0077023. [PMID: 37154741 PMCID: PMC10269607 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00770-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates (n = 178) collected in the national resistance monitoring program GERM-Vet from diseased swine in Germany from 2007 to 2019 were investigated for their genomic diversity with a focus on virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits. Whole-genome sequencing was followed by molecular typing and sequence analysis. A minimum spanning tree based on core-genome multilocus sequence typing was constructed, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Most isolates were assigned to nine clusters. They displayed close phylogenetic relationships but a wide molecular variety, including 13 spa types and 19 known and four novel dru types. Several toxin-encoding genes, including eta, seb, sek, sep, and seq, were detected. The isolates harbored a wide range of AMR properties mirroring the proportions of the classes of antimicrobial agents applied in veterinary medicine in Germany. Multiple novel or rare AMR genes were identified, including the phenicol-lincosamide-oxazolidinone-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A resistance gene cfr, the lincosamide-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A resistance gene vga(C), and the novel macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene erm(54). Many AMR genes were part of small transposons or plasmids. Clonal and geographical correlations of molecular characteristics and resistance and virulence genes were more frequently observed than temporal relations. In conclusion, this study provides insight into population dynamics of the main epidemic porcine LA-MRSA lineage in Germany over a 13-year-period. The observed comprehensive AMR and virulence properties, most likely resulting from the exchange of genetic material between bacteria, highlighted the importance of LA-MRSA surveillance to prevent further dissemination among swine husbandry facilities and entry into the human community. IMPORTANCE The LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage is known for its low host specificity and frequent multiresistance to antimicrobial agents. Colonized swine and their related surroundings represent a considerable risk of LA-MRSA-CC398 colonization or infection for occupationally exposed people through which such isolates might be further disseminated within the human community. This study provides insight into the diversity of the porcine LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage in Germany. Clonal and geographical correlations of molecular characteristics and resistance and virulence traits were detected and may be associated with the spread of specific isolates through livestock trade, human occupational exposure, or dust emission. The demonstrated genetic variability underlines the lineage's ability to horizontally acquire foreign genetic material. Thus, LA-MRSA-CC398 isolates have the potential to become even more dangerous for various host species, including humans, due to increased virulence and/or limited therapeutic options for infection control. Full-scale LA-MRSA monitoring at the farm, community, and hospital level is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory, Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nansong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ali A, Hoetzenecker K, Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz J, Schwarz S, Barturen MG, Tomlinson G, Yeung J, Donahoe L, Yasufuku K, Pierre A, de Perrot M, Waddell TK, Keshavjee S, Cypel M. Extension of Cold Static Donor Lung Preservation at 10°C. NEJM Evid 2023; 2:EVIDoa2300008. [PMID: 38320127 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cold Static Donor Lung Preservation at 10°CDonor lungs for transplantation are currently stored on ice and transplanted as rapidly as possible. In an advance that may ease transplant logistics, Ali et al. report that prolonged storage at 10°C may lead to equivalent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Ali
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | | | | | | | | | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
| | - Jonathan Yeung
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Laura Donahoe
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Andrew Pierre
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
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24
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Schwarz S, Brevis Nuñez F, Dürr NR, Brassel F, Schlunz-Hendann M, Feldkamp A, Rosenbaum T, Felderhoff-Müser U, Schulz K, Dohna-Schwake C, Bruns N. Doppler Ultrasound Flow Reversal in the Superior Sagittal Sinus to Detect Cerebral Venous Congestion in Vein of Galen Malformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:707-715. [PMID: 37230540 PMCID: PMC10249685 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vein of Galen malformation is a rare congenital cerebrovascular malformation. In affected patients, increased cerebral venous pressure constitutes an important etiologic factor for the development of brain parenchymal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of serial cerebral venous Doppler measurements to detect and monitor increased cerebral venous pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective monocentric analysis of ultrasound examinations within the first 9 months of life in patients with vein of Galen malformation admitted at <28 days of life. Categorization of perfusion waveforms in the superficial cerebral sinus and veins into 6 patterns was based on antero- and retrograde flow components. We performed an analysis of flow profiles across time and correlation with disease severity, clinical interventions, and congestion damage on cerebral MR imaging. RESULTS The study included 44 Doppler ultrasound examinations of the superior sagittal sinus and 36 examinations of the cortical veins from 7 patients. Doppler flow profiles before interventional therapy correlated with disease severity determined by the Bicêtre Neonatal Evaluation Score (Spearman ρ = -0.97, P = < .001). At this time, 4 of 7 patients (57.1%) showed a retrograde flow component in the superior sagittal sinus, whereas after embolization, none of the 6 treated patients presented with a retrograde flow component. Only patients with a high retrograde flow component (equal or more than one-third retrograde flow, n = 2) showed severe venous congestion damage on cerebral MR imaging. CONCLUSIONS Flow profiles in the superficial cerebral sinus and veins appear to be a useful tool to noninvasively detect and monitor cerebral venous congestion in vein of Galen malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwarz
- From the Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.S., F.B.N., A.F., T.R.)
| | - F Brevis Nuñez
- From the Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.S., F.B.N., A.F., T.R.)
| | - N R Dürr
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology (N.R.D., F.B., M.S.-H., K.S.)
| | - F Brassel
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology (N.R.D., F.B., M.S.-H., K.S.)
- Center for Pediatric Interventional Radiology/Neuroradiology and Interventional Treatment of Vascular Malformations (F.B.), Sana Clinics Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Schlunz-Hendann
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology (N.R.D., F.B., M.S.-H., K.S.)
| | - A Feldkamp
- From the Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.S., F.B.N., A.F., T.R.)
| | - T Rosenbaum
- From the Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.S., F.B.N., A.F., T.R.)
| | - U Felderhoff-Müser
- Clinic for Pediatrics I (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K Schulz
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology (N.R.D., F.B., M.S.-H., K.S.)
| | - C Dohna-Schwake
- Clinic for Pediatrics I (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - N Bruns
- Clinic for Pediatrics I (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.)
- Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (U.F.-M., C.D.-S., N.B.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Blessberger H, Kammler J, Kellermair J, Kiblboeck D, Nahler A, Hrncic D, Saleh K, Schwarz S, Reiter C, Fellner A, Eppacher C, Sheldon TJ, Steinwender C. Impact of pacing mode and different echocardiographic parameters on cardiac output (PADIAC). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1185518. [PMID: 37265566 PMCID: PMC10231674 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1185518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extent of the hemodynamic benefit from AV-synchronous pacing in patients with sinus rhythm and AV block is not completely understood. Thus, we systematically investigated the association of an array of echocardiographic and epidemiological parameters with the change in cardiac output depending on the stimulation mode (AV-synchronous or AV-asynchronous pacing). Methods Patients in sinus rhythm after previous dual chamber pacemaker implantation underwent a thorough basic echocardiographic assessment of diastolic and systolic left ventricular function, and atrial function (26 echo parameters, including novel speckle tracking strain measurements). Then, stroke volume was measured with AV-synchronous (DDD) and AV-asynchronous (VVI) pacing. Each patient represented their own control, and the sequence of stroke volume measurements was randomized. Results In this prospective single-center study (NCT04068233, registration August 22nd 2019), we recruited 40 individuals. The stroke volume was higher in all patients when applying AV-synchronous DDD pacing [median increase 12.8 ml (16.9%), P < 0.001]. No echo parameter under investigation was associated with the extent of stroke volume increase in a linear regression model. Of all epidemiological variables, a history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was associated with an attenuated stroke volume gain in a univariate and a multivariate regression model that adjusted for confounders. A- and S-wave velocities were reduced in the AMI group. Discussion In our cohort of patients, each subject benefited from AV-synchronous DDD pacing. No single echo parameter could predict the amount of stroke volume increase. The beneficial effect of AV-synchronous pacing on stroke volume was attenuated after prior acute myocardial infarction.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04068233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Juergen Kammler
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Joerg Kellermair
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kiblboeck
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Nahler
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Denis Hrncic
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Karim Saleh
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Reiter
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Fellner
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | - Clemens Steinwender
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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26
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Werner G, Abu Sin M, Bahrs C, Brogden S, Feßler AT, Hagel S, Kaspar H, Köck R, Kreienbrock L, Krüger-Haker H, Maechler F, Noll I, Pletz MW, Tenhagen BA, Schwarz S, Walther B, Mielke M. [Therapy-relevant antibiotic resistances in a One Health context]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4. [PMID: 37184673 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One Health refers to a concept that links human, animal, and environmental health. In Germany, there is extensive data on antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (micro)organisms (MDRO) in human and veterinary medicine, as well as from studies in various environmental compartments (soil, water, wastewater). All these activities are conducted according to different specifications and standards, which makes it difficult to compare data. A focus on AMR and MDRO of human therapeutic importance is helpful to provide some guidance. Most data are available across sectors on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, the trends of resistance are heterogeneous. Antibiotic use leads to MRE selection, which is well documented. Success in minimizing antibiotic use has also been demonstrated in recent years in several sectors and could be correlated with success in containing AMR and MDRO (e.g., decrease in MRSA in human medicine). Sector-specific measures to reduce the burden of MDRO and AMR are also necessary, as not all resistance problems are linked to other sectors. Carbapenem resistance is still rare, but most apparent in human pathogens. Colistin resistance occurs in different sectors but shows different mechanisms in each. Resistance to antibiotics of last resort such as linezolid is rare in Germany, but shows a specific One Health correlation. Efforts to harmonize methods, for example in the field of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome-based pathogen and AMR surveillance, are an important first step towards a better comparability of the different data collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Abt. Infektionskrankheiten, Fachgebiet Nosokomiale Infektionserreger und Antibiotikaresistenzen, Robert Koch-Institut, Außenstelle Wernigerode, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Deutschland.
| | - Muna Abu Sin
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Bahrs
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Sandra Brogden
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Robin Köck
- Bereich Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
- Institut für Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Frederike Maechler
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ines Noll
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Fachbereich Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung BfR, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Walther
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Mikrobiologische Risiken, Abteilung Umwelthygiene, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Deutschland
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27
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Laxar D, Schaden E, Wiegele M, Hötzenecker K, Schwarz S, Gratz J. Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Bleeding Lung Transplant Patients Undergoing Perioperative ECMO Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083020. [PMID: 37109356 PMCID: PMC10140848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemostasis in critically ill patients represents a fragile balance between hypocoagulation and hypercoagulation, and is influenced by various factors. Perioperative use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-increasingly used in lung transplantation-further destabilizes this balance, not least due to systemic anticoagulation. In the case of massive hemorrhage, guidelines recommend considering recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) as an ultima ratio treatment only after several preconditions of hemostasis have been established. These conditions are calcium levels ≥ 0.9 mmol/L, fibrinogen levels ≥ 1.5 g/L, hematocrit ≥ 24%, platelet count ≥ 50 G/L, core body temperature ≥ 35 °C, and pH ≥ 7.2. OBJECTIVES This is the first study to examine the effect of rFVIIa on bleeding lung transplant patients undergoing ECMO therapy. The fulfillment of guideline-recommended preconditions prior to the administration of rFVIIa and its efficacy alongside the incidence of thromboembolic events were investigated. METHODS In a high-volume lung transplant center, all lung transplant recipients receiving rFVIIa during ECMO therapy between 2013 and 2020 were screened for the effect of rFVIIa on hemorrhage, fulfillment of recommended preconditions, and incidence of thromboembolic events. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 17 patients who received 50 doses of rFVIIa, bleeding ceased in four patients without surgical intervention. Only 14% of rFVIIa administrations resulted in hemorrhage control, whereas 71% of patients required revision surgery for bleeding control. Overall, 84% of all recommended preconditions were fulfilled; however, fulfillment was not associated with rFVIIa efficacy. The incidence of thromboembolic events within five days of rFVIIa administration was comparable to cohorts not receiving rFVIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laxar
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Währinger Straße 104/10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Währinger Straße 104/10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Wiegele
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gratz
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Köck R, Denkel L, Feßler AT, Eicker R, Mellmann A, Schwarz S, Geffers C, Hübner NO, Leistner R. Clinical Evidence for the Use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections and Decrease Staphylococcus aureus Carriage or Transmission-A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040612. [PMID: 37111498 PMCID: PMC10145019 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiseptic agent octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is used for skin preparation, for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization, and within bundles for the prevention of catheter-related or surgical site infections (SSIs). Here, we review the evidence for the effects of OCT from clinical studies. METHODS Review of studies published in the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases until August 2022, performed in clinical settings and reporting on effects of OCT on S. aureus carriage/transmission, SSI prevention, and prevention of intensive care unit (ICU)-related or catheter-related bloodstream and insertion site infections. RESULTS We included 31 articles. The success of S. aureus decolonization with OCT-containing therapies ranged between 6 and 87%. Single studies demonstrated that OCT application led to a reduction in S. aureus infections, acquisition, and carriage. No study compared OCT for skin preparation before surgical interventions to other antiseptics. Weak evidence for the use of OCT for pre-operative washing was found in orthopedic and cardiac surgery, if combined with other topical measures. Mostly, studies did not demonstrate that daily OCT bathing reduced ICU-/catheter-related bloodstream infections with one exception. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to perform studies assessing the clinical use of OCT compared with other antiseptics with respect to its effectiveness to prevent nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Köck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Luisa Denkel
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizoonotics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Eicker
- Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizoonotics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Geffers
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils-Olaf Hübner
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Division Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Tiwari SK, van der Putten BCL, Fuchs TM, Vinh TN, Bootsma M, Oldenkamp R, La Ragione R, Matamoros S, Hoa NT, Berens C, Leng J, Álvarez J, Ferrandis-Vila M, Ritchie JM, Fruth A, Schwarz S, Domínguez L, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Bethe A, Huber C, Johanns V, Stamm I, Wieler LH, Ewers C, Fivian-Hughes A, Schmidt H, Menge C, Semmler T, Schultsz C. Genome-wide association reveals host-specific genomic traits in Escherichia coli. BMC Biol 2023; 21:76. [PMID: 37038177 PMCID: PMC10088187 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is an opportunistic pathogen which colonizes various host species. However, to what extent genetic lineages of E. coli are adapted or restricted to specific hosts and the genomic determinants of such adaptation or restriction is poorly understood. RESULTS We randomly sampled E. coli isolates from four countries (Germany, UK, Spain, and Vietnam), obtained from five host species (human, pig, cattle, chicken, and wild boar) over 16 years, from both healthy and diseased hosts, to construct a collection of 1198 whole-genome sequenced E. coli isolates. We identified associations between specific E. coli lineages and the host from which they were isolated. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified several E. coli genes that were associated with human, cattle, or chicken hosts, whereas no genes associated with the pig host could be found. In silico characterization of nine contiguous genes (collectively designated as nan-9) associated with the human host indicated that these genes are involved in the metabolism of sialic acids (Sia). In contrast, the previously described sialic acid regulon known as sialoregulon (i.e. nanRATEK-yhcH, nanXY, and nanCMS) was not associated with any host species. In vitro growth experiments with a Δnan-9 E. coli mutant strain, using the sialic acids 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as sole carbon source, showed impaired growth behaviour compared to the wild-type. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an extensive analysis of genetic determinants which may contribute to host specificity in E. coli. Our findings should inform risk analysis and epidemiological monitoring of (antimicrobial resistant) E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet K Tiwari
- Robert Koch Institute, Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Program, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Boas C L van der Putten
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Trung N Vinh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | | | - Rik Oldenkamp
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sebastien Matamoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ngo T Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Tropical medicine and global health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Microbiology- Parasitology Unit, Biomedical Research Center and Microbiology Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christian Berens
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Joy Leng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jenny M Ritchie
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Robert Koch Institute, Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Tropical medicine and global health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Microbiology- Parasitology Unit, Biomedical Research Center and Microbiology Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Huber
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Johanns
- Robert Koch Institute, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne Stamm
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | | | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amanda Fivian-Hughes
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Robert Koch Institute, Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Käbisch L, Schink AK, Höltig D, Spergser J, Kehrenberg C, Schwarz S. Towards a Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method for Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040994. [PMID: 37110416 PMCID: PMC10140863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in a comparable manner requires the availability of a standardized method. Organizations, such as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), provide standardized protocols for a range of fastidious bacteria but not for Mycoplasma hyorhinis. We developed a broth microdilution method for testing M. hyorhinis in a standardized and harmonized way using a modified Friis broth devoid of antimicrobial or otherwise bacterial growth-inhibiting agents. The type strain M. hyorhinis DSM 25591 was chosen to establish the methodology. The antimicrobial agents of interest were doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin, tested by using commercial SensititreTM microtiter plates. In addition, the suitability of the methodology was evaluated via variation of the individual ingredients of the modified Friis broth by either using different batches or choosing other distributors. Despite these alterations, the method provided reliable results. We obtained repeatable minimal inhibitory concentrations for all six tested field isolates and the M. hyorhinis type strain. With this newly proposed method, we aim to provide an improved AST method for diagnostic laboratories and monitoring purposes with better comparability between times and countries. In addition, this new method will allow for an improvement of targeted treatments using antimicrobial agents and thereby reduce the options for resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Käbisch
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Schink
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Höltig
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Division for Pigs, Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Schwarz S, Xie F. Bactericidal synergism between phage endolysin Ply2660 and cathelicidin LL-37 against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 37024490 PMCID: PMC10078070 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the ability to form biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis have compromised the choice of therapeutic options, which triggered the search for new therapeutic strategies, such as the use of phage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides. However, few studies have addressed the synergistic relationship between these two promising options. Here, we investigated the combination of the phage endolysin Ply2660 and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to target drug-resistant biofilm-producing E. faecalis. In vitro bactericidal assays were used to demonstrate the efficacy of the Ply2660-LL-37 combination against E. faecalis. Larger reductions in viable cell counts were observed when Ply2660 and LL-37 were applied together than after individual treatment with either substance. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Ply2660-LL-37 combination could lead to severe cell lysis of E. faecalis. The mode of action of the Ply2660-LL-37 combination against E. faecalis was that Ply2660 degrades cell wall peptidoglycan, and subsequently, LL-37 destroys the cytoplasmic membrane. Furthermore, Ply2660 and LL-37 act synergistically to inhibit the biofilm formation of E. faecalis. The Ply2660-LL-37 combination also showed a synergistic effect for the treatment of established biofilm, as biofilm killing with this combination was superior to each substance alone. In a murine peritoneal septicemia model, the Ply2660-LL-37 combination distinctly suppressed the dissemination of E. faecalis isolates and attenuated organ injury, being more effective than each treatment alone. Altogether, our findings indicate that the combination of a phage endolysin and an antimicrobial peptide may be a potential antimicrobial strategy for combating E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Boehm P, Frick A, Schwarz S, Auner S, Benazzo A, Kovacs Z, Murakoezy G, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K. Lung Transplantation for Patients with a High-Risk Profile. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Benazzo A, Auner S, Boehm P, Schwarz S, Bagnera C, Ius F, Hoetzenecker K, Meloni F, Jaksch P, Greer M. A Multicenter Experience with Extracorporeal Photopheresis as Treatment of Clad. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Oya BH, Auner S, Boehm P, Schwarz S, Nasrollahi S, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K, Benazzo A. Eight Micro-Rnas Show Differential Expression Twelve Months after Lung Transplantation: Preliminary Data from a High Throughput Technology. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Auner S, Boehm P, Schwarz S, Schweiger T, Frick A, Murakoezy G, Kovacs Z, Lang G, Taghavi S, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K, Benazzo A. Effect of Clad Phenotypes on the Outcome after Lung Retransplantation - A Retrospective Single Center Data Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Begic M, Schwarz S, Boehm P, Benazzo A, Kovac Z, Murakoezy G, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K. Lung Transplant in Patients with Suspicious Lung Nodules: A Single-Center Retrospective Data Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Hoetzenecker K, Schwarz S, Keshavjee S, Cypel M. Lung transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:1596-1601. [PMID: 35379475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Schwarz S, Fruhmann N, Benazzo A, Koren D, Fischer G, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K. Unlike the US-LAS, the Eurotransplant-LAS is Not a Risk Factor for De-Novo Donor Specific Antibodies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Shen J, Schwarz S. Introducing One Health Advances: a new journal connecting the dots for global health. One Health Adv 2023; 1:1. [PMID: 37521534 PMCID: PMC10049891 DOI: 10.1186/s44280-023-00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Yang Q, Zhu Y, Schwarz S, Wang L, Liu W, Yang W, Liu S, Zhang W. Integrative and conjugative elements in streptococci can act as vectors for plasmids and translocatable units integrated via IS1216E. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106793. [PMID: 36933870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), plasmids and translocatable units (TUs), are main drivers for the spread of antibiotic resistance. Although ICEs have been reported to be capable of supporting the spread of plasmids among different bacteria, its role of mobilizing the resistance plasmids and TUs has not yet fully explored. In this study, a novel TU bearing optrA, a novel non-conjugative plasmid p5303-cfrD carrying cfr(D) and a new member of the ICESa2603 family, ICESg5301, were identified in streptococci. PCR assays revealed that three different types of cointegrates can be formed by IS1216E-mediated cointegration between the three different MGEs, including ICESg5301::p5303-cfrD::TU, ICESg5301::p5303-cfrD, and ICESg5301::TU. Conjugation assays showed that ICEs carrying p5303-cfrD and/or TU were able to successfully transfer into recipient strains, and thereby confirmed that ICEs can serve as vectors for other non-conjugative MGEs, such as TUs and p5303-cfrD. As neither the TU, nor plasmid p5303-cfrD can spread on their own between different bacteria, their integration into an ICE via IS1216E-mediated cointegrate formation not only increases the plasticity of ICEs, but also furthers the dissemination of plasmids and TUs carrying oxazolidinone resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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Zhu Y, Xu Q, Schwarz S, Yu S, Xia L, Xie F, Yang W, Zhou L, Lin L, Zhang W. Identification of a novel MDR plasmid co-harbouring the carbapenem resistance gene blaVIM-2 and tigecycline resistance gene cluster tmexCD1-toprJ1 in a Pseudomonas stutzeri isolate. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:1309-1311. [PMID: 36918756 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qiu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Shenye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311, Nanchang Road, Urmuqi 830052, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Longyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Longhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Hung S, Kasperkowitz A, Kurz F, Dreher L, Diessner J, Ibrahim ES, Schwarz S, Ohlsen K, Hertlein T. Next-generation humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127709. [PMID: 36969151 PMCID: PMC10037040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice, or humanized mice, emerged in recent years as a promising model to study the course of infection of human-adapted or human-specific pathogens. Though Staphylococcus aureus infects and colonizes a variety of species, it has nonetheless become one of the most successful human pathogens of our time with a wide armory of human-adapted virulence factors. Humanized mice showed increased vulnerability to S. aureus compared to wild type mice in a variety of clinically relevant disease models. Most of these studies employed humanized NSG (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull) mice which are widely used in the scientific community, but show poor human myeloid cell reconstitution. Since this immune cell compartment plays a decisive role in the defense of the human immune system against S. aureus, we asked whether next-generation humanized mice, like NSG-SGM3 (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull-3/GM/SF) with improved myeloid reconstitution, would prove to be more resistant to infection. To our surprise, we found the contrary when we infected humanized NSG-SGM3 (huSGM3) mice with S. aureus: although they had stronger human immune cell engraftment than humanized NSG mice, particularly in the myeloid compartment, they displayed even more pronounced vulnerability to S. aureus infection. HuSGM3 mice had overall higher numbers of human T cells, B cells, neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and the spleen. This was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory human cytokines in the blood of huSGM3 mice. We further identified that the impaired survival of huSGM3 mice was not linked to higher bacterial burden nor to differences in the murine immune cell repertoire. Conversely, we could demonstrate a correlation of the rate of humanization and the severity of infection. Collectively, this study suggests a detrimental effect of the human immune system in humanized mice upon encounter with S. aureus which might help to guide future therapy approaches and analysis of virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hung
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amelie Kasperkowitz
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liane Dreher
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Diessner
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eslam S. Ibrahim
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertlein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Hertlein,
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Schoeberl AK, Schwarz S, Benazzo A, Schweiger T, Lang G, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K. Case Report: Recurrence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Bilateral Lung Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:697-700. [PMID: 36935335 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main causes of early respiratory failure after lung transplantation include primary graft dysfunction (PGD), acute rejection, and infection. This report describes a case of unclear early respiratory failure after bilateral lung transplantation for extensive COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS We reviewed the patient file to investigate the course of the functional decline and evaluate reasons for early graft failure. Analyzed data included crossmatching results, biopsy results, HLA antibodies testing, bronchoalveolar lavages, respiratory parameters, and medications. RESULTS After an initial excellent early postoperative course, the patient developed progressive respiratory failure, making re-implantation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support necessary. An extensive diagnostic workup revealed no signs of infection or rejection. Because the patient showed no signs of improvement with any treatment, lung-protective ventilation with the intermittent prone position was initiated. The patient's respiratory situation and bilateral opacities slowly improved over the next few weeks, and ECMO support was eventually discontinued. CONCLUSION With no evidence of PGD, rejection, or infection, recurrent ARDS caused by a systemic immunologic process was seen as the only plausible cause for the patient's respiratory failure after lung transplantation. The fact that ARDS can develop extrapulmonarily, without direct viral or bacterial damage, makes us conclude that the preceding systemic activation and recruitment of immune cells by the primarily injured lung could potentially lead to the recurrence of ARDS even if the injured organ is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin-Kai Schoeberl
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - György Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Xuan H, Xia L, Schwarz S, Jia H, Yao X, Wang S, Li R, Wei J, Li Z, Shao D, Liu K, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Li B. Various mobile genetic elements carrying optrA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from swine within the same farm. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:504-511. [PMID: 36508313 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the distribution of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and the mobile genetic elements involved in its dissemination were analysed among enterococcal isolates from a farrow-to-finish swine farm. METHODS Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from all pig production stages in the farm. The optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were subjected to PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Complete sequences of the genetically unrelated optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were determined using Illumina HiSeq and MinION platforms. RESULTS The optrA gene was present in 12.2% (23/188) of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, most of which originated from nursery and finishing stages. The 23 optrA-positive Enterococcus isolates represented 15 PFGE types. WGS of representative isolates of the 15 PFGE types showed that optrA was carried by diverse genetic elements either located in the chromosomal DNA or on plasmids. A novel optrA-bearing genetic element was identified on two distinct multi-resistance plasmids from E. faecium. Two new hybrid plasmids carrying several resistance genes were found in two E. faecalis isolates. pC25-1-like plasmids and chromosomally integrated Tn6674 and Tn6823-like transposons were prevalent in the remaining Enterococcus isolates. CONCLUSIONS The gene optrA was found in genetically unrelated E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from the same farm. Analysis of the genetic contexts of optrA suggested that horizontal transfer including different plasmids and transposons played a key role in the dissemination of optrA in this farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Xuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Abdel-Glil MY, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Didelot X, Brandt C, Seyboldt C, Linde J, Schwarz S, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Genomic epidemiology of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis from Germany. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1069062. [PMID: 36744226 PMCID: PMC9893283 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1069062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) causes bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC), a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-listed trade-relevant disease characterized by severe reproductive losses, such as infertility, early embryonic death and abortion in cattle. BGC has significant economic implications that have prompted several countries to adopt stringent eradication and surveillance measures to contain the disease. In Germany, there has been a low incidence of BGC cases over the past 28 years. This study aimed to illustrate the genomic diversity of German Cfv strains isolated from different federal states in Germany. This study analyzed 63 Cfv strains, collected between 1985 and 2015, by whole-genome sequencing and compared them with genome data of 91 international Cfv isolates. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Cfv population is genetically conserved and has geographic clusters. In Germany, one phylogenetic lineage comprising all strains was identified. This German lineage was part of a subclade that probably emerged in the nineteenth century and diversified over time. The results of this study point to a non-recurrent cross-border introduction of Cfv in Germany. The BGC control interventions in Germany can be considered successful as no outbreaks were reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt,*Correspondence: Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil ✉
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Brandt
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Seyboldt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt,Hosny El-Adawy ✉
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Schink AK, Hanke D, Kostova V, Schwarz S. Re: "Investigation of Macrolide Resistance Genotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Cattle and Small Ruminants" by Ujvári and Magyar. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:163-164. [PMID: 36637809 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Schink
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Kostova
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Dost I, Abdel-Glil M, Schmoock G, Menge C, Berens C, González-Santamarina B, Wiegand E, Neubauer H, Schwarz S, Seyboldt C. Clostridioides difficile in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010086. [PMID: 36671289 PMCID: PMC9854998 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in South American camelids (SAC) in Germany including Clostridioides (C.) difficile. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of C. difficile in SAC. Composite SAC faecal samples were collected in 43 husbandries in Central Germany and cultured for C. difficile. Toxinotyping and ribotyping was done by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed with Illumina® Miseq™. The genomes were screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was investigated using core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Etest® method. Eight C. difficile isolates were recovered from seven farms. The isolates belonged to different PCR ribotypes. All isolates were toxinogenic. cgMLST revealed a cluster containing isolates recovered from different farms. Seven isolates showed similar resistance gene patterns. Different phenotypic resistance patterns were found. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was identified only in some cases. Consequently, SAC may act as a reservoir for C. difficile. Thus, SAC may pose a risk regarding zoonotic transmission of toxinogenic, potentially human-pathogenic and resistant C. difficile isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dost
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-804-2488
| | - Mostafa Abdel-Glil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gernot Schmoock
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Belén González-Santamarina
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wiegand
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Seyboldt
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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48
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El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, García-Soto S, Tomaso H, Hafez HM, Schwarz S, Neubauer H, Linde J. Genomic insight into Campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey flocks in Germany using whole-genome sequencing analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1092179. [PMID: 36875995 PMCID: PMC9978446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is a zoonotic bacterium of public health significance. The present investigation was designed to assess the epidemiology and genetic heterogeneity of C. jejuni recovered from commercial turkey farms in Germany using whole-genome sequencing. The Illumina MiSeq® technology was used to sequence 66 C. jejuni isolates obtained between 2010 and 2011 from commercial meat turkey flocks located in ten German federal states. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was determined. Phylogeny, resistome, plasmidome and virulome profiles were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data. Genetic resistance markers were identified with bioinformatics tools (AMRFinder, ResFinder, NCBI and ABRicate) and compared with the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance. The isolates were assigned to 28 different sequence types and 11 clonal complexes. The average pairwise single nucleotide-polymorphisms distance of 14,585 SNPs (range: 0-26,540 SNPs) revealed a high genetic distinction between the isolates. Thirteen virulence-associated genes were identified in C. jejuni isolates. Most of the isolates harbored the genes flaA (83.3%) and flaB (78.8%). The wlaN gene associated with the Guillain-Barré syndrome was detected in nine (13.6%) isolates. The genes for resistance to ampicillin (bla OXA), tetracycline [tet(O)], neomycin [aph(3')-IIIa], streptomycin (aadE) and streptothricin (sat4) were detected in isolated C. jejuni using WGS. A gene cluster comprising the genes sat4, aph(3')-IIIa and aadE was present in six isolates. The single point mutation T86I in the housekeeping gene gyrA conferring resistance to quinolones was retrieved in 93.6% of phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Five phenotypically erythromycin-susceptible isolates carried the mutation A103V in the gene for the ribosomal protein L22 inferring macrolide resistance. An assortment of 13 β-lactam resistance genes (bla OXA variants) was detected in 58 C. jejuni isolates. Out of 66 sequenced isolates, 28 (42.4%) carried plasmid-borne contigs. Six isolates harbored a pTet-like plasmid-borne contig which carries the tet(O) gene. This study emphasized the potential of whole-genome sequencing to ameliorate the routine surveillance of C. jejuni. Whole-genome sequencing can predict antimicrobial resistance with a high degree of accuracy. However, resistance gene databases need curation and updates to revoke inaccuracy when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia García-Soto
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
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49
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Zamudio R, Boerlin P, Beyrouthy R, Madec JY, Schwarz S, Mulvey MR, Zhanel GG, Cormier A, Chalmers G, Bonnet R, Haenni M, Eichhorn I, Kaspar H, Garcia-Fierro R, Wood JLN, Mather AE. Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance genes in Escherichia coli from Europe and North America. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7490. [PMID: 36509735 PMCID: PMC9744880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are critically important antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary medicine. ESC resistance (ESC-R) genes have spread worldwide through plasmids and clonal expansion, yet the distribution and dynamics of ESC-R genes in different ecological compartments are poorly understood. Here we use whole genome sequence data of Enterobacterales isolates of human and animal origin from Europe and North America and identify contrasting temporal dynamics. AmpC β-lactamases were initially more dominant in North America in humans and farm animals, only later emerging in Europe. In contrast, specific extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were initially common in animals from Europe and later emerged in North America. This study identifies differences in the relative importance of plasmids and clonal expansion across different compartments for the spread of different ESC-R genes. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission will be critical in the design of interventions to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Zamudio
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2ISH), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France.,Centre National de Référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ashley Cormier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabhan Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2ISH), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France.,Centre National de Référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Department Method Standardisation, Resistance to Antibiotics Unit Monitoring of Resistance to Antibiotics, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, 12277, Germany
| | - Raquel Garcia-Fierro
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - James L N Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK. .,University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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50
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Sotthibandhu DS, Indoung S, Niwasawat H, Chaiboon J, Sungsorn N, Longji NI, Polya K, Noosak C, Schwarz S, Soimala T. The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. on ocular surfaces of fighting bulls ( Bos indicus) in Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2922-2928. [PMID: 36718321 PMCID: PMC9880847 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2922-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim fighting bulls have a high risk of eye injuries, and opportunistic conjunctival bacterial flora may cause subsequent eye diseases. There is little information about the ocular health care of fighting bulls in Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. from the eyes of fighting bulls and investigate their antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and Methods The samples were collected from the right conjunctival sacs of 105 fighting bulls. Biochemical tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to identify bacteria to genus and species levels. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by agar disk diffusion. Results Staphylococcus spp. (36.84%, 56/152) were the most detected bacteria. The most prevalent Staphylococcus spp. was Staphylococcus chromogenes (37.50%, 21/56). The susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (56/56, 100%) and most were susceptible to chloramphenicol and gentamicin (54/56, 96.43%). The highest resistance rates were seen for tetracycline and doxycycline (23.21%, 13/56) followed by erythromycin (19.64%, 11/56). In addition, S. chromogenes isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce biofilms by a quantitative biofilm production assay. A total of 21 isolates exhibited biofilm production, independent of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Three multidrug-resistant isolates were found, including two Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and a single S. chromogenes isolate. Conclusion As antimicrobial resistant bacteria were detected on the eye surface, veterinarians should always conduct antimicrobial susceptibility testing before using antimicrobial agents. The results from this study will help to improve the standard of eye treatment for fighting bulls in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saowakon Indoung
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Husna Niwasawat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jiradchaya Chaiboon
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nattakan Sungsorn
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nu-issana Longji
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittipol Polya
- Thunderbolt fighting Bull Clinic, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Noosak
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand,Corresponding author: Tanawan Soimala, e-mail: Co-authors: DSS: , SI: , HN: , JC: , NS: , NL: , KP: , CN: , SS:
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