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Mach N. The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38606662 PMCID: PMC11018052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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2
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Fu B, Xu J, Yin D, Sun C, Liu D, Zhai W, Bai R, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Ma S, Walsh TR, Hu F, Wang Y, Wu C, Shen J. Transmission of blaNDM in Enterobacteriaceae among animals, food and human. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337678. [PMID: 38629492 PMCID: PMC11034458 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite carbapenems not being used in animals, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), particularly New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing CRE (NDM-CRE), are prevalent in livestock. Concurrently, the incidence of human infections caused by NDM-CRE is rising, particularly in children. Although a positive association between livestock production and human NDM-CRE infections at the national level was identified, the evidence of direct transmission of NDM originating from livestock to humans remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, to examine the prevalence of NDM-CRE in chickens and pigs along the breeding-slaughtering-retail chains, in pork in cafeterias of schools, and in colonizations and infections from children's hospital and examined the correlation of NDM-CRE among animals, foods and humans. Overall, the blaNDM increases gradually along the chicken and pig breeding (4.70%/2.0%) -slaughtering (7.60%/22.40%) -retail (65.56%/34.26%) chains. The slaughterhouse has become a hotspot for cross-contamination and amplifier of blaNDM. Notably, 63.11% of pork from the school cafeteria was positive for blaNDM. The prevalence of blaNDM in intestinal and infection samples from children's hospitals was 21.68% and 19.80%, respectively. whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed the sporadic, not large-scale, clonal spread of NDM-CRE along the chicken and pig breeding-slaughtering-retail chain, with further spreading via IncX3-blaNDM plasmid within each stage of whole chains. Clonal transmission of NDM-CRE is predominant in children's hospitals. The IncX3-blaNDM plasmid was highly prevalent among animals and humans and accounted for 57.7% of Escherichia coli and 91.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Attention should be directed towards the IncX3 plasmid to control the transmission of blaNDM between animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics (MoH), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weishuai Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rina Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhen Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Timothy R. Walsh
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Zoology, Ineos-Oxford Institute of Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics (MoH), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Munk P, Yang D, Röder T, Maier L, Petersen TN, Duarte ASR, Clausen PTLC, Brinch C, Van Gompel L, Luiken R, Wagenaar JA, Schmitt H, Heederik DJJ, Mevius DJ, Smit LAM, Bossers A, Aarestrup FM. The European livestock resistome. mSystems 2024; 9:e0132823. [PMID: 38501800 PMCID: PMC11019871 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01328-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing has proven to be a powerful tool in the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we provide a comparative analysis of the resistome from pigs, poultry, veal calves, turkey, and rainbow trout, for a total of 538 herds across nine European countries. We calculated the effects of per-farm management practices and antimicrobial usage (AMU) on the resistome in pigs, broilers, and veal calves. We also provide an in-depth study of the associations between bacterial diversity, resistome diversity, and AMR abundances as well as co-occurrence analysis of bacterial taxa and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and the universality of the latter. The resistomes of veal calves and pigs clustered together, as did those of avian origin, while the rainbow trout resistome was different. Moreover, we identified clear core resistomes for each specific food-producing animal species. We identified positive associations between bacterial alpha diversity and both resistome alpha diversity and abundance. Network analyses revealed very few taxa-ARG associations in pigs but a large number for the avian species. Using updated reference databases and optimized bioinformatics, previously reported significant associations between AMU, biosecurity, and AMR in pig and poultry farms were validated. AMU is an important driver for AMR; however, our integrated analyses suggest that factors contributing to increased bacterial diversity might also be associated with higher AMR load. We also found that dispersal limitations of ARGs are shaping livestock resistomes, and future efforts to fight AMR should continue to emphasize biosecurity measures.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the occurrence, diversity, and drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important to focus future control efforts. So far, almost all attempts to limit AMR in livestock have addressed antimicrobial consumption. We here performed an integrated analysis of the resistomes of five important farmed animal populations across Europe finding that the resistome and AMR levels are also shaped by factors related to bacterial diversity, as well as dispersal limitations. Thus, future studies and interventions aimed at reducing AMR should not only address antimicrobial usage but also consider other epidemiological and ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Munk
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Timo Röder
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leonie Maier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Christian Brinch
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Roosmarijn Luiken
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Dick J. J. Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - Dik J. Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A. M. Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - EFFORT ConsortiumGravelandHaitskeGonzalez-ZornBrunoMoyanoGabrielSandersPascalChauvinClaireBattistiAntonioDewulfJeroenWadepohlKatharinaWasylDariuszSkarzyńskaMagdalenaZajacMagdalenaPękala-SafińskaAgnieszkaDaskalovHristoStärkKatharina D. C.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Utrecht
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Ullah N, Basheer I, Rehman FU, Zhang M, Khan MT, Khan S, Du H. Livestock Depredation by Large Carnivores and Human-Wildlife Conflict in Two Districts of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1104. [PMID: 38612343 PMCID: PMC11010808 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Livestock herding is a vital practice in Balochistan, contributing to the economy and culture. The livestock sector is significant in Balochistan, providing 20% of the national stock. Large predators and their prey species, including livestock, have coexisted in these mountainous landscapes for centuries. The aim of the present research is to investigate the impacts of livestock depredation by large predators on livelihoods and predator conservation in two districts of Balochistan, Pakistan. A human-carnivore conflict survey was conducted from July to September 2019, collecting data from 311 residents in a selected study area. Large predators in the study area preyed on a total of 876 livestock during a one-year period, including 560 goats, 292 sheep, 19 cows, and 5 donkeys. The gray wolf is the leading predator, responsible for 66.3% of livestock depredation, followed by the caracal (24.3%), Asiatic jackal (8.9%), and striped hyena (0.6%). The total economic loss was USD 78,694. Overall, 80% of respondents had a negative perception of wolves compared to 24.4% for caracals. Only 20.6% of respondents knew about the importance of conserving carnivores. Livestock depredation by carnivores in the study area created a negative perception of these animals among people. There is a lack of awareness about the importance of conserving carnivore species and their role in the ecosystem. This lack of understanding has ultimately led to detrimental effects on predator populations. It is imperative to raise awareness among people about the ecological significance of carnivores through community meetings, seminars in educational institutions, and providing basic education to herders about effective livestock guarding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No 26, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; (N.U.); (H.D.)
| | - Irum Basheer
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Faiz ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Government Superior Science College Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Minghai Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No 26, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; (N.U.); (H.D.)
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Khan
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sanaullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Hairong Du
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No 26, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; (N.U.); (H.D.)
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Kozajda A, Miśkiewicz E, Jeżak K. Zoonotic bacteria in the vicinity of animal farms as a factor disturbing the human microbiome: a review. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2024:181790. [PMID: 38577723 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge about the relationship between environmental exposure to the bioaerosol emitted by intensive livestock farming and changes in the microbiome of people living in livestock farm vicinity. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched by crossing keywords from the following 3 groups: a) "livestock," "animal farms," "animal breeding"; b) "microbiome," "resistome"; c) "livestock vicinity," "farm vicinity," "neighborhoods and health" in 2010-2022. Literature screening did not reveal any paper related to the full microbiome composition in the population studied. In the study, the authors included 7 papers (5 from the Netherlands, 1 from the USA, and 1 from China). The studies confirmed the carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), livestockassociated MRSA (LA-MRSA MC398) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) in the nasal microbiome of adults and children living within 500-2000 m from a livestock farm. Clostridium difficile, including LA-ribotype RT078 carriage, was detected in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500-1000 m. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae were confirmed in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500-6200 m. Knowledge on the composition of the microflora of people living in livestock farm vicinity is insufficient to conclude about changes in the microbiome caused by the environmental emission of bioaerosol. The carriage prevalence of the LA-bacteria, including both strains with antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes, confirms the presence of zoonotic bacteria in the human microflora in populations without occupational contact with animals. It cannot be ruled out that zoonotic bacteria, as a component of the microbiome, have a negative impact on people's health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozajda
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit)
| | - Emilia Miśkiewicz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit)
| | - Karolina Jeżak
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety)
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Hughes EC, de Glanville W, Kibona T, Mmbaga BT, Rostal MK, Swai ES, Cleaveland S, Lankester F, Willett BJ, Allan KJ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:836-838. [PMID: 38526202 PMCID: PMC10977851 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania. CCHFV seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock was high, as were spatial heterogeneity levels. CCHFV could represent an unrecognized human health risk in this region and should be included as a differential diagnosis for febrile illness.
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Sandoval‐Calderon AP, Rubio Echazarra N, van Kuijk M, Verweij PA, Soons M, Hautier Y. The effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity and productivity of mountainous grasslands in South America - A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11076. [PMID: 38628914 PMCID: PMC11019300 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mountainous grasslands in South America, characterized by their high diversity, provide a wide range of contributions to people, including water regulation, soil erosion prevention, livestock feed provision, and preservation of cultural heritage. Prior research has highlighted the significant role of grazing in shaping the diversity and productivity of grassland ecosystems, especially in highly productive, eutrophic systems. In such environments, grazing has been demonstrated to restore grassland plant diversity by reducing primary productivity. However, it remains unclear whether these findings are applicable to South American mountainous grasslands, where plants are adapted to different environmental conditions. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a meta-analysis of experiments excluding livestock grazing to assess its impact on plant diversity and productivity across mountainous grasslands in South America. In alignment with studies in temperate grasslands, our findings indicated that herbivore exclusion resulted in increased aboveground biomass but reduced species richness and Shannon diversity. The effects of grazing exclusion became more pronounced with longer durations of exclusion; nevertheless, they remained resilient to various climatic conditions, including mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, as well as the evolutionary history of grazing. In contrast to results observed in temperate grasslands, the reduction in species richness due to herbivore exclusion was not associated with increased aboveground biomass. This suggests that the processes governing (sub)tropical grassland plant diversity may differ from those in temperate grasslands. Consequently, further research is necessary to better understand the specific factors influencing plant diversity and productivity in South American montane grasslands and to elucidate the ecological implications of herbivore exclusion in these unique ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Sandoval‐Calderon
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB)San Andres UniversityLa PazBolivia
| | - Nerea Rubio Echazarra
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marijke van Kuijk
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pita A. Verweij
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Merel Soons
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Ngoen-Klan R, Khenmee A, Paramathsakul N, Pitpeng K, Moophayak K, Chareonviriyaphap T. Spatiotemporal distribution of hematophagous flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on beef cattle farms in Bangkok, Thailand. J Med Entomol 2024:tjae042. [PMID: 38555621 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A spatiotemporal investigation of hematophagous fly prevalence was conducted over a 1-year period on 12 beef cattle farms located in major livestock areas of Bangkok, Thailand, using Vavoua traps. The survey revealed 5,018 hematophagous flies belonging to Muscidae and Tabanidae, with the 3 dominant species identified as Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) (2,354; 46.91%), Musca crassirostris Stein (1,528; 30.45%), and Haematobia exigua de Meijere (922; 18.37%). The abundance of S. calcitrans per trap per week was significantly higher during the rainy season (45.64 ± 14.10), followed by the cold and dry seasons (6.39 ± 2.16 and 3.04 ± 1.27, respectively). The relative abundance of S. calcitrans reached the highest apparent density per trap per day (ADT) index of 9.83 in August 2022 during the rainy season. Subsequently, there was a rapid decline, and the ADT index dropped to nearly zero in December 2022 during the cold season. This low abundance continued through the dry months from March to May 2023. The higher rainfall and relative humidity could significantly contribute to the high relative abundance of S. calcitrans. In contrast, M. crassirostris and H. exigua showed population fluctuations that were not significantly associated with seasonal changes and weather conditions. Remote sensing data and spatial regression analyses using ordinary least squares regression showed the high spatial density of S. calcitrans in the north direction of the Khlong Sam Wa district during the rainy season; it shifted toward the south in the cold and dry seasons, corresponding with rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areerat Khenmee
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawawan Paramathsakul
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kodchakorn Pitpeng
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittikhun Moophayak
- Medical and Agricultural Fly Research Unit, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
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Zaitsev S, Khizhnyakova M, Saltykov Y, Evstifeev V, Khusainov F, Ivanova S, Morozova D, Yakovlev S, Larionova O, Feodorova V. Complete genome sequence of Chlamydia psittaci АМК-16, isolated from a small ruminant in the Middle Volga Region, Russia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0054323. [PMID: 38534150 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00543-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of the Chlamydia psittaci АМК-16, recovered from the aborted caprine fetus during a case of chlamydia infection. This 1,152,497-bp genome with 7,552-bp cryptic plasmid provides novel insights into the genetic diversity of chlamydia agent strains particularly those causing the infection in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Zaitsev
- Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariya Khizhnyakova
- Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yury Saltykov
- Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Evstifeev
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine by N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Fidail Khusainov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Daria Morozova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Yakovlev
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Larionova
- Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Valentina Feodorova
- Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
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Chilala P, Skalickova S, Horky P. Selenium Status of Southern Africa. Nutrients 2024; 16:975. [PMID: 38613007 PMCID: PMC11013911 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that exists in inorganic forms (selenite and selenates) and organic forms (selenoamino acids, seleno peptides, and selenoproteins). Selenium is known to aid in the function of the immune system for populations where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is endemic, as studies suggest that a lack of selenium is associated with a higher risk of mortality among those with HIV. In a recent study conducted in Zambia, adults had a median plasma selenium concentration of 0.27 μmol/L (IQR 0.14-0.43). Concentrations consistent with deficiency (<0.63 μmol/L) were found in 83% of adults. With these results, it can be clearly seen that selenium levels in Southern Africa should be investigated to ensure the good health of both livestock and humans. The recommended selenium dietary requirement of most domesticated livestock is 0.3 mg Se/kg, and in humans above 19 years, anRDA (recommended daily allowance) of 55 mcg Se/per dayisis recommended, but most of the research findings of Southern African countries have recorded low levels. With research findings showing alarming low levels of selenium in soils, humans, and raw feed materials in Southern Africa, further research will be vital in answering questions on how best to improve the selenium status of Southern African soils and plants for livestock and humans to attain sufficient quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.C.); (S.S.)
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Afzal A, Mahreen N. Emerging insights into the impacts of heavy metals exposure on health, reproductive and productive performance of livestock. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375137. [PMID: 38567355 PMCID: PMC10985271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals, common environmental pollutants with widespread distribution hazards and several health problems linked to them are distinguished from other toxic compounds by their bioaccumulation in living organisms. They pollute the food chain and threaten the health of animals. Biologically, heavy metals exhibit both beneficial and harmful effects. Certain essential heavy metals such as Co, Mn, Se, Zn, and Mg play crucial roles in vital physiological processes in trace amounts, while others like As, Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cu are widely recognized for their toxic properties. Regardless of their physiological functions, an excess intake of all heavy metals beyond the tolerance limit can lead to toxicity. Animals face exposure to heavy metals through contaminated feed and water, primarily as a result of anthropogenic environmental pollution. After ingestion heavy metals persist in the body for an extended duration and the nature of exposure dictates whether they induce acute or chronic, clinical or subclinical, or subtle toxicities. The toxic effects of metals lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis through the generation of free radicals that develop oxidative stress. In cases of acute heavy metal poisoning, characteristic clinical symptoms may arise, potentially culminating in the death of animals with corresponding necropsy findings. Chronic toxicities manifest as a decline in overall body condition scoring and a decrease in the production potential of animals. Elevated heavy metal levels in consumable animal products raise public health concerns. Timely diagnosis, targeted antidotes, and management strategies can significantly mitigate heavy metal impact on livestock health, productivity, and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Zoology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naima Mahreen
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Emes E, Kagambèga A, Dione M. Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1258214. [PMID: 38558948 PMCID: PMC10978738 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1258214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reducing nontherapeutic antibiotic use (ABU) in livestock animals has been identified as an important way of curbing the growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, nontherapeutic ABU may be important for managing animal disease. In order to reduce nontherapeutic ABU, farmers may need to implement other complementary interventions to safeguard animal health and minimize risk. We should therefore investigate if nontherapeutic ABU is associated with better animal health outcomes before advocating to reduce it. We should also investigate non-antibiotic factors which protect animal health and can make nontherapeutic use less necessary, as well as factors which can encourage farmers to improve their antibiotic stewardship. Methods The study investigated these questions using data from the AMUSE survey, which is designed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to AMR in smallholder livestock farms. The sample included 320 animal herds from 216 smallholder livestock farms in Burkina Faso, with livestock species including poultry, small ruminants, and cattle. The determinants of the occurrence of animal disease and nontherapeutic ABU were investigated using binary logistic regression. Results Results revealed that nontherapeutic ABU was positively associated with animal disease, although the potential reverse causality of this relationship should be investigated further. Going primarily to a public veterinarian for animal health services, and having a higher level of formal education, were negatively associated with the occurrence of disease. Going primarily to a community animal health worker was positively associated with using antibiotics nontherapeutically, whereas going primarily to a public veterinarian was negatively associated with this outcome. Having an animal health professional (of any kind) provide diagnosis and treatment was positively associated with nontherapeutic antibiotic use for goats and sheep. Discussion These findings support the expansion of education access and public veterinary services as a way to encourage better antibiotic stewardship while guarding against any animal health risks associated with doing so. They also highlight that animal health professionals other than public veterinarians may prioritize animal health outcomes over antibiotic stewardship goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Emes
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Michel Dione
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
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13
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Doub EE, Vigil SL, Thompson AT, Korns AL, Yabsley MJ, Ruder MG, Cleveland CA. Species composition of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Ridge and Valley region of Tennessee, USA. J Med Entomol 2024:tjae028. [PMID: 38470211 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Biting midges in the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are known to transmit many pathogens of veterinary and medical concern. Although much work has been done globally and in certain regions of North America, Culicoides spp. research in rural Appalachia is limited. To begin characterizing the distribution and community structure of Culicoides spp. in Appalachia, we surveyed 2 distinct sites in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of northeastern Tennessee, USA, from April 2021-September 2021. Culicoides spp. were sampled using 2 methods: Centers for Disease Control ultraviolet LED light traps and potential larval habitat substrate collection (coupled with water chemistry values). Site 1 was dominated by natural features, and Site 2 was a beef cattle operation. During 96 trap nights, a total of 1,568 Culicoides were collected, representing 24 species. Site 1 yielded the highest diversity, with 24 species, while Site 2 yielded 12 species. Overall, the most abundant species in light traps were C. stellifer Coquillett (44%), C. bergi Cochrane (18%), C. haematopotus Malloch (12%), and C. debilipalpis Lutz (11%). From substrate sampling, 8 species were identified. Culicoides haematopotus was the most abundant and was collected during each sampling period. Water chemistry values taken at the time of substrate collection were not significantly related to which Culicoides spp. emerged from a given substrate. Our results indicate a diverse community of Culicoides spp. in our study area, however, further work is needed to identify Culicoides species composition across a variety of landscapes in Appalachia and inform research on vector presence and associated vector disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Doub
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stacey L Vigil
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alec T Thompson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green Street, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Avery L Korns
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green Street, Athens, GA, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cleveland
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green Street, Athens, GA, USA
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El Zowalaty ME, Falgenhauer L, Ashour HM, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Draft genome sequences of Bacillus licheniformis strains MEZBL63 and MEZBL64 harboring the lichenysin toxin operon isolated from livestock in South Africa. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0096723. [PMID: 38323846 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00967-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two Bacillus licheniformis strains harboring the lichenysin operon that were isolated from healthy goat and horse in South Africa. The genomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and had a length of 4,152,826 and 4,110,075 bp, respectively, with a G + C content of 46%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, German Center for Infection Research, Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen and Hessian University Competence Center for Hospital Hygiene (HuKKH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stephen Forsythe
- Foodmicrobe.com Ltd, Adams Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yosra A Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Matías J, Cruz V, Rodríguez MJ, Calvo P, Maestro-Gaitán I, Reguera M. Evaluating Yield, Nutritional Quality, and Environmental Impact of Quinoa Straws across Mediterranean Water Environments. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38592749 PMCID: PMC10974331 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a promising and versatile crop due to its remarkable adaptability to diverse environments and the exceptional nutritional value of its seeds. Nevertheless, despite the recent extensive research on quinoa seeds, the straw associated with this crop has received comparatively little attention. The valorisation of this by-product provides an opportunity to improve the overall outcomes of quinoa cultivation. In this work, three quinoa varieties were evaluated for two years (2019 and 2020) under three different Mediterranean water environments (irrigation, fresh rainfed, and hard rainfed), aiming to assess the straw yield and nutritional quality and to study the changes in the crop nutritional uptake associated with different water environmental conditions. The nutritional analysis included the quantification of the ash, crude protein, crude fat, minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg), and fibre (gross fibre (GF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose, cellulose) contents. As the results reveal, most of the parameters evaluated were susceptible to change mainly with the water environment but also with the genotype (or their interaction), including the yield, crude protein, relative feed value (RFV), and mineral content, which generally decreased under water-limiting conditions. Moreover, a comparative analysis revealed that straw Ca, Mg, and K contents were generally higher than in seeds. Overall, this study demonstrates that quinoa straw quality is genotypic and environmentally dependent, and these factors should be considered when aiming at improving straw feed value for livestock nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Matías
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Verónica Cruz
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - María José Rodríguez
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Calvo
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Isaac Maestro-Gaitán
- Department of Biology, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Reguera
- Department of Biology, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Ren J, Hai T, Chen Y, Sun K, Han Z, Wang J, Li C, Wang Q, Wang L, Zhu H, Yu D, Li W, Zhao S. Improve meat production and virus resistance by simultaneously editing multiple genes in livestock using Cas12i Max. Sci China Life Sci 2024; 67:555-564. [PMID: 37987939 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene (Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12iMax, a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12iMax in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163, and MSTN via Cas12iMax in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12iMax for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12iMax in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Farm Animal Research Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Farm Animal Research Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yangcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Beijing Farm Animal Research Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Leyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huabing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shanjiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Liu P, Wu J, Ma W, Yang Y, Lv L, Cai J, Liu Z, He J, Shang Y, Li Z, Cao X. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Samples of Livestock in China. Acta Trop 2024:107163. [PMID: 38428630 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of zoonotic Q fever. Animals are the natural reservoirs of C. burnetii, and domestic livestock represent the major sources of human infection. C. burnetii infection in pregnant females may causes abortion during late pregnancy, whereby massive shedding of C. burnetii with abortion products becomes aerosolized and persists in the environment. Therefore, monitoring and surveillance of this infection in livestock is important for the prevention of the C. burnetii transmission. Previous serological surveys have shown that C. burnetii infection is endemic in livestock in China. However, few data are available on the diagnosis of C. burnetii as a cause of abortion by molecular methods in livestock. To get a better understanding of the impact of C. burnetii infection on domestic livestock in China, a real-time PCR investigation was carried out on collected samples from different domestic livestock suffering abortion during 2021-2023. A total of 338 samples collected from eight herds of five livestock species were elected. The results showed that 223 (66%) of the collected samples were positive for C. burnetii DNA using real-time PCR. For the aborted samples, 82% (128/15) of sheep, 81% (34/42) of goats, 44% (15/34) of cattle, 69% (18/26) of camels, and 50% (17/34) of donkeys were positive for C. burnetii. Besides, 44% (8/18) and 4% (1/25) of asymptomatic individuals of sheep and donkey were also positive for C. burnetii. In addition, the positive samples were further confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the C. burnetii-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on specific gene fragments of icd genes revealed that the obtained sequences in this study were clustered into two different groups associated with different origin of hosts and geographic regions. This is the first report confirming that C. burnetii exists in aborted samples of sheep, goats, cattle, donkeys and camels in China. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology of this pathogen in livestock as well as the potential risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - JinYan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Weimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yamin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lv Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jijun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Xiaoan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Kirgiafini D, Kyrgiafini MA, Gournaris T, Mamuris Z. Understanding Circular RNAs in Health, Welfare, and Productive Traits of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 38473119 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique noncoding RNA molecules, notable for their covalent closed-loop structures, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression across a variety of biological processes. This review comprehensively synthesizes the existing knowledge of circRNAs in three key livestock species: Bos taurus (cattle), Ovis aries (sheep), and Capra hircus (goats). It focuses on their functional importance and emerging potential as biomarkers for disease detection, stress response, and overall physiological health. Specifically, it delves into the expression and functionality of circRNAs in these species, paying special attention to traits critical to livestock productivity such as milk production, meat quality, muscle development, wool production, immune responses, etc. We also address the current challenges faced in circRNA research, including the need for standardized methodologies and broader studies. By providing insights into the molecular mechanisms regulated by circRNAs, this review underscores their scientific and economic relevance in the livestock industry. The potential of circRNAs to improve animal health management and the quality of animal-derived products aligns with growing consumer concerns for animal welfare and sustainability. Thus, this paper aims to guide future research directions while supporting the development of innovative strategies in livestock management and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kirgiafini
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Animal Genetic Improvement, University Center for Research and Innovation PA.K.E.K. "IASON", University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Maria-Anna Kyrgiafini
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Animal Genetic Improvement, University Center for Research and Innovation PA.K.E.K. "IASON", University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
- Averofeio Agri-Food Technological Park of Thessaly, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41336 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theocharis Gournaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Animal Genetic Improvement, University Center for Research and Innovation PA.K.E.K. "IASON", University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Animal Genetic Improvement, University Center for Research and Innovation PA.K.E.K. "IASON", University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
- Averofeio Agri-Food Technological Park of Thessaly, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41336 Larissa, Greece
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Marín Navas C, Delgado Bermejo JV, McLean AK, León Jurado JM, Camacho Vallejo ME, Navas González FJ. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Horse Breed Using Canonical Correlations. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:659. [PMID: 38473046 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The historical increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in Spain during the last thirty years makes it a perfect location for the evaluation of climate change. Modeling the effects of climate change on domestic animals' genetic diversity may help to anticipate challenging situations. However, animal populations' short life cycle and patent lack of historical information during extended periods of time drastically compromise the evaluation of climate change effects. Locally adapted breeds' gene pool is the base for their improved resilience and plasticity in response to climate change's extreme climatic conditions. The preservation of these domestic resources offers selection alternatives to breeders who seek such improved adaptability. The Spanish endangered autochthonous Hispano-Arabian horse breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the territory where it was created, developed, and widespread worldwide. The possibility to trace genetic diversity in the Hispano-Arabian breed back around seven decades and its global ubiquity make this breed an idoneous reference subject to act as a model for other international populations. Climate change's shaping effects on the genetic diversity of the Hispano-Arabian horse breed's historical population were monitored from 1950 to 2019 and evaluated. Wind speed, gust speed, or barometric pressure have greater repercussions than extreme temperatures on genetic diversity. Extreme climate conditions, rather than average modifications of climate, may push breeders/owners to implement effective strategies in the short to medium term, but the effect will be plausible in the long term due to breed sustainability and enhanced capacity of response to extreme climate events. When extreme climatic conditions occur, breeders opt for mating highly diverse unrelated individuals, avoiding the production of a large number of offspring. People in charge of domestic population conservation act as catalyzers of the regulatory changes occurring during breeds' climate change adaptive process and may identify genes conferring their animals with greater adaptability but still maintaining enhanced performance. This model assists in determining how owners of endangered domestic populations should plan their breeding strategies, seeking the obtention of animals more resilient and adapted to climate-extreme conditions. This efficient alternative is focused on the obtention of increased profitability from this population and in turn ensuring their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marín Navas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Amy Katherine McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | - José Manuel León Jurado
- Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Cappelli K, Hosseini-Ghaffari M, Lopreiato V, Mecocci S. Editorial: Physiological response to exercise-induced stress and stressful environmental stimuli: insights from systems biology. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1369154. [PMID: 38435372 PMCID: PMC10904460 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1369154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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21
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Roques S, Martinez-Fernandez G, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Popova M, Denman S, Meale SJ, Morgavi DP. Recent Advances in Enteric Methane Mitigation and the Long Road to Sustainable Ruminant Production. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:321-343. [PMID: 38079599 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-024931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitigation of methane emission, a potent greenhouse gas, is a worldwide priority to limit global warming. A substantial part of anthropogenic methane is emitted by the livestock sector, as methane is a normal product of ruminant digestion. We present the latest developments and challenges ahead of the main efficient mitigation strategies of enteric methane production in ruminants. Numerous mitigation strategies have been developed in the last decades, from dietary manipulation and breeding to targeting of methanogens, the microbes that produce methane. The most recent advances focus on specific inhibition of key enzymes involved in methanogenesis. But these inhibitors, although efficient, are not affordable and not adapted to the extensive farming systems prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Effective global mitigation of methane emissions from livestock should be based not only on scientific progress but also on the feasibility and accessibility of mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Roques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
| | | | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Milka Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
| | - Stuart Denman
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; ,
| | - Sarah J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
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22
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Khan MZ, Chen W, Huang B, Liu X, Wang X, Liu Y, Chai W, Wang C. Advancements in Genetic Marker Exploration for Livestock Vertebral Traits with a Focus on China. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:594. [PMID: 38396562 PMCID: PMC10885964 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In livestock breeding, the number of vertebrae has gained significant attention due to its impact on carcass quality and quantity. Variations in vertebral traits have been observed across different animal species and breeds, with a strong correlation to growth and meat production. Furthermore, vertebral traits are classified as quantitative characteristics. Molecular marker techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), have emerged as efficient tools to identify genetic markers associated with vertebral traits. In the current review, we highlight some key potential genes and their polymorphisms that play pivotal roles in controlling vertebral traits (development, length, and number) in various livestock species, including pigs, donkeys, and sheep. Specific genetic variants within these genes have been linked to vertebral development, number, and length, offering valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing vertebral traits. This knowledge has significant implications for selective breeding strategies to enhance structural characteristics and meat quantity and quality in livestock, ultimately improving the efficiency and quality of the animal husbandry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
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23
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Treves A, Fergus AR, Hermanstorfer SJ, Louchouarn NX, Ohrens O, Pineda-Guerrero A. Gold-standard experiments to deter predators from attacking farm animals. Anim Front 2024; 14:40-52. [PMID: 38369996 PMCID: PMC10873015 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Carnivore Coexistence Lab, 30A Science Hall Science Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A R Fergus
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Carnivore Coexistence Lab, 30A Science Hall Science Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S J Hermanstorfer
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Carnivore Coexistence Lab, 30A Science Hall Science Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - N X Louchouarn
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Carnivore Coexistence Lab, 30A Science Hall Science Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - O Ohrens
- Panthera, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - A Pineda-Guerrero
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Carnivore Coexistence Lab, 30A Science Hall Science Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Baral K, Bhandari S, Adhikari B, Kunwar RM, Sharma HP, Aryal A, Ji W. Prey selection by leopards ( Panthera pardus fusca) in the mid-hill region of Nepal. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10924. [PMID: 38322006 PMCID: PMC10844760 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Information on prey selection and the diet of the leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is essential for leopard conservation. We conducted an investigation into the prey species and the proportion of each species in the leopard's diet in a human-dominated mid-hill region of Nepal. The analysis of 96 leopard scats collected between August 2020 and March 2021 revealed that leopards consumed 15 prey species, including small- and medium-sized mammals and livestock. In addition to these prey species, we also found plastic materials, bird feathers, and some unidentified items in the leopard scats. Wild ungulates (such as barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak and wild boar, Sus scrofa) constituted only 10% of the biomass in the scats, while livestock contributed 27%, and other wild prey contributed 50%. Among all species, domestic goats had the highest relative biomass in the scats, followed by the jungle cat (Felis chaus), domestic dog (Canis familiaris), and large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha). Similarly, the Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis) had the highest proportion of relative individuals present in the scat samples, followed by the jungle cat and the large Indian civet. A lower proportion of biomass from wild ungulates in the leopard's diet and a higher dependency of the leopard on domestic prey and other wild prey indicate a shortage of medium-sized wild prey, such as barking deer and wild boar, in leopard habitats. Therefore, the conservation of wild prey species, especially medium-sized prey, is crucial for reducing the leopard's dependence on livestock and mitigating human-leopard conflicts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Baral
- School of Natural ScienceMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
- Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and EnvironmentPokharaKaskiNepal
| | | | | | | | - Hari P. Sharma
- Central Department of ZoologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Achyut Aryal
- School of Natural ScienceMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
- Auckland College of Tertiary Studies/CC Training AcademyTakapuna, AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Weihong Ji
- School of Natural ScienceMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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25
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Cravino A, Perelló A, Brazeiro A. Livestock-wildlife interactions: key aspects for reconnecting animal production and wildlife conservation. Anim Front 2024; 14:13-19. [PMID: 38369999 PMCID: PMC10873009 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cravino
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Ecología de la Conservación, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alberto Perelló
- SabioTec Spin-off S.L. Edificio Incubadora de empresas UCLM. Camino de Moledores, s/n 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Brazeiro
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Ecología de la Conservación, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Lipovšek M, Kirbiš A, Tomažič I, Dovč A, Križman M. Farm Animal Welfare during Transport and at the Slaughterhouse: Perceptions of Slaughterhouse Employees, Livestock Drivers, and Veterinarians. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:443. [PMID: 38338086 PMCID: PMC10854723 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare is a multidimensional concept that includes several physical and psychological parameters of the animal. The aim of this study was to assess animal welfare during transportation and in Slovenian beef, pork, and poultry slaughterhouses. A questionnaire was used for this study. Several parameters of animal welfare were rated on a 5-point scale, such as health status, animal behavior, lairage or transport vehicle conditions, and driver regulation compliance. The scale was also used for the second part of the study. This consisted of two studies: (1) self-assessment by slaughterhouse employees and livestock transport drivers and (2) animal welfare observational assessment performed by two veterinarians. The results were compared with each other. Ten large slaughterhouses and nine livestock drivers took part in the survey. The results showed that slaughterhouse employees knew more about animal welfare than livestock truck drivers, but both groups were not sufficiently familiar with animal welfare laws and regulations. This study found that the experts' assessments were generally lower than the self-assessments of employees and livestock drivers. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that there is a need to improve the awareness and knowledge of slaughterhouse employees and livestock drivers regarding animal handling and animal welfare regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lipovšek
- Institute for Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrej Kirbiš
- Institute for Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Iztok Tomažič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alenka Dovč
- Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Manja Križman
- Institute for Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.L.); (A.K.)
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27
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Alhussien MN, Hussen J, De Matteis G. Editorial: Heat stress and immune responses in livestock: current challenges and intervention strategies. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1366274. [PMID: 38328258 PMCID: PMC10847576 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1366274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, Rome, Italy
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28
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Mazwi KD, Kolo FB, Jaja IF, Byaruhanga C, Hassim A, van Heerden H. Polyphasic Characterization of Brucella spp. in Livestock Slaughtered from Abattoirs in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:223. [PMID: 38276208 PMCID: PMC10819803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In livestock, brucellosis is mainly an asymptomatic disease except when abortion occurs; therefore, two serological tests are used for diagnosis as no single test is suitable. Abattoir samples enable a combination of culture, molecular, and serological tests to detect brucellosis. This study assessed Brucella-specific PCR (ITS-PCR) to detect brucellosis and to conduct a molecular characterization of Brucella spp. isolated from PCR-positive livestock (n = 565) slaughtered at abattoirs and the appropriate sample tissue(s). ITS-PCR detected Brucella DNA in 33.6% of cattle, 14.5% of sheep, and 4.7% of pig tissues. Impure Brucella cultures from PCR-positive tissues were 43.6% (44/94) of cattle, 51.7% (15/29) of sheep, and 50% (2/4) of pigs with predominantly B. abortus identification with AMOS-PCR and low isolation of mixed B. abortus and B. melitensis in all species. In cattle, 33% of isolates were from lymph nodes, while in sheep 38.0% were from the liver and kidney and only from tonsils in pigs (2/4). Brucella infections identified with AMOS-PCR were present in seropositive and mainly seronegative (75.6-100%) livestock with the potential to cause brucellosis during pregnancy or breeding. This study demonstrated the value of the polyphasic approach, especially with chronic infections and the potential risk of these asymptomatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koketso Desiree Mazwi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, Entebbe P.O. Box 259, Uganda
| | - Ayesha Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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29
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Pratelli A, Cirone F, Mountricha M, Padalino B. Editorial: Respiratory diseases and management in livestock. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1367128. [PMID: 38313062 PMCID: PMC10834777 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1367128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Cirone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Mountricha
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Ma Y, Jian Y, Wang G, Zafar I, Li X, Wang G, Hu Y, Yokoyama N, Ma L, Xuan X. Epidemiological Investigation of Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in Domestic Animals from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China. Pathogens 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 38276159 PMCID: PMC10818765 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area (QTPA) features a unique environment that has witnessed the selective breeding of diverse breeds of domestic livestock exhibiting remarkable adaptability. Nevertheless, Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. represent tick-borne bacterial pathogens that pose a global threat and have substantial impacts on both human and animal health, as well as on the economy of animal husbandry within the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau area. In this study, a total of 428 samples were systematically collected from 20 distinct areas within the Qinghai Plateau. The samples included 62 ticks and 366 blood samples obtained from diverse animal species to detect the presence of Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. The prevalence of infection in this study was determined as follows: Anaplasma bovis accounted for 16.4% (70/428), A. capra for 4.7% (20/428), A. ovis for 5.8% (25/428), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for 6.3% (27/428), Coxiella burnetii for 0.7% (3/428), and Rickettsia spp. for 0.5% (2/428). Notably, no cases of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum infections were observed in this study. The findings revealed an elevated presence of these pathogens in Tibetan sheep and goats, with no infections detected in yaks, Bactrian camels, donkeys, and horses. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of tick-borne bacterial pathogens infecting goats, cattle, horses, and donkeys within the Qinghai Plateau of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area. Consequently, our findings contribute valuable insights into the distribution and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., and Borrelia spp. within China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yingna Jian
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Geping Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Lahore 54810, Pakistan
| | - Xiuping Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Liqing Ma
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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Lima PDMT, Paim TDP, McAllister T. Editorial: Greenhouse gases mitigation strategies in grazing ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360276. [PMID: 38292463 PMCID: PMC10824848 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago do Prado Paim
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IF Goiano) Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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32
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Burkhardt FK, Hayer JJ, Heinemann C, Steinhoff-Wagner J. Effect of Climatic Condition, Type of Trough and Water Cleanliness on Drinking Behavior in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:257. [PMID: 38254426 PMCID: PMC10812700 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing ambient temperatures lead to higher water intake and higher risks of microbial growth in cattle troughs. This study aims to analyze drinking water quality and dairy cows' drinking behavior (n = 8081 drinking episodes) on a commercial farm with 135 and 144 lactating cows in two climatic conditions, considering trough type and cleanliness, respectively. Daily video recording was conducted at two trough types (two open troughs, 70 L; two-valve troughs, variable volume of 5-15 L) in the first two hours after feeding (n = 60 days in total) under cold (December 2019-February 2020) and warm ambient temperatures (September 2021). The trough cleaning scheme allowed cows to access either cleaned or uncleaned troughs in each system. Water quality was tested daily and analyzed at the beginning and end of the trials. In warmer ambient temperatures, fewer and-at uncleaned troughs and open troughs-shorter drinking episodes were recorded, with longer but fewer water intake periods, longer drinking breaks, and fewer sips (p < 0.0001). Considering the drinking episodes, respectively, water intake and drinking breaks in number and duration, the number of sips and the number of agonistic behaviors might optimize dairy cow water supply and hygiene management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Katharina Burkhardt
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Jason Jeremia Hayer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - Céline Heinemann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (J.J.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Julia Steinhoff-Wagner
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Piña-González AM, Castelán-Sánchez HG, Hurtado-Ramírez JM, López-Leal G. Campylobacter prophage diversity reveals pervasive recombination between prophages from different Campylobacter species. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0279523. [PMID: 38088548 PMCID: PMC10782988 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02795-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prophages play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and evolution of their hosts. Acquisition or loss of prophages can lead to genomic variations, including changes in the bacterial phenotype promoted by recombination events, genetic repertoire exchanges and dissemination of virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. By studying prophages in Campylobacter species, scientists can gain insights into the evolutionary patterns, pathogenicity mechanisms, epidemiology, and population dynamics of these species. This has implications for public health, antibiotic resistance surveillance, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adán Manuel Piña-González
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional y Virómica Integrativa, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Hugo G. Castelán-Sánchez
- Grupo de Genómica y Dinámica Evolutiva de Microorganismos Emergentes, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Gamaliel López-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional y Virómica Integrativa, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Jiang A, Liu Z, Lv X, Zhou C, Ran T, Tan Z. Prospects and Challenges of Bacteriophage Substitution for Antibiotics in Livestock and Poultry Production. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38248459 PMCID: PMC10812986 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industry has led to the development of multi-drug resistance in animal pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria transfer from animals to humans through the consumption of animal products, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the use of antibiotics in livestock production has been strictly controlled. As a result, bacteriophages have attracted increasing research interest as antibiotic alternatives, since they are natural invaders of bacteria. Numerous studies have shown that dietary bacteriophage supplementation could regulate intestinal microbial composition, enhance mucosal immunity and the physical barrier function of the intestinal tract, and play an important role in maintaining intestinal microecological stability and normal body development of animals. The effect of bacteriophages used in animals is influenced by factors such as species, dose, and duration. However, as a category of mobile genetic elements, the high frequency of gene exchange of bacteriophages also poses risks of transmitting ARGs among bacteria. Hence, we summarized the mechanism and efficacy of bacteriophage therapy, and highlighted the feasibility and challenges of bacteriophage utilization in farm animal production, aiming to provide a reference for the safe and effective application of bacteriophages as an antibiotic alternative in livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (A.J.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (A.J.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China;
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (A.J.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Tao Ran
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agri-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (A.J.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Jaglan K, Dhaka SS, Magotra A, Patil CS, Ghanghas A. Exploring MicroRNA biogenesis, applications and bioinformatics analysis in livestock: A comprehensive review. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14529. [PMID: 38268204 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes post-transcriptionally. Their correlation with commercial economic traits including milk, meat and egg production, as well as their effective role in animal productivity, fertility, embryo survival and disease resistance, make them significant in livestock research. The miRNAs exhibit distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns, offering insights into their functional roles within cells and tissues. Aberrant miRNA production can disrupt vital cellular processes and genetic networks, contributing to conditions like metabolic disorders and viral diseases. These short RNA molecules are present in extracellular fluids, displaying remarkable stability against RNA degradation enzymes and extreme environmental conditions. miRNAs preservation is facilitated through packaging in lipid vesicles or complex formation with RNA-binding proteins. Numerous studies have illuminated the roles of miRNAs in diverse physiological processes, including embryonic stem cell differentiation, haematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation and the coordinated development of organ systems. The integration of miRNA profiling, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis paves the way for transformative advancements in livestock research and industry. The present review underscores the applications of miRNAs in livestock, showcasing their potential to improve breeding strategies, diagnose diseases and enhance our understanding of fundamental biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jaglan
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - S S Dhaka
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Magotra
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - C S Patil
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Amandeep Ghanghas
- Department of Livestock Production Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Omadang L, Chamai M, Ejobi F, Erume J, Oba P, Ocaido M. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda. Parasitology 2024; 151:68-76. [PMID: 38012850 PMCID: PMC10941043 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains a significant challenge in Uganda with precise status largely undocumented in most communities. To determine CE prevalence, post-mortem examination was done on 14 937 livestock (5873 goats, 1377 sheep, 3726 zebu cattle and 3054 Ankole cattle) slaughtered in abattoirs in the districts of Moroto in Karamoja region, Kumi in Teso region and Nakasongola and Luwero in Buganda region. The overall CE prevalence was 21.9% in sheep, 15.2% in zebu cattle, 5.5% in goats and 2.1% in Ankole cattle. Moroto district had a higher prevalence of CE than other districts with 31.3% in zebu cattle, sheep 28%, goats 29.1% and (0%) in Ankole cattle. On organ locations, the lungs were the most affected in all livestock in all the study areas. Considering cyst fertility, 33.9, 1.7 and 6.4% of Ankole cattle, sheep and zebu cattle respectively had fertile cysts in the liver while 4.5% of goats and 4% Ankole cattle had fertile cysts in the lungs. In conclusion, CE is widespread and occurs among cattle, sheep and goats in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create awareness among the communities on role of livestock in CE epidemiology and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Omadang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Production and Management, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Martin Chamai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ejobi
- Directorate of Research and Innovations, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Joseph Erume
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Oba
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Abi ZARDI), Arua, Uganda
| | - Michael Ocaido
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Kwon DH, Gim GM, Yum SY, Jang G. Current status and future of gene engineering in livestock. BMB Rep 2024; 57:50-59. [PMID: 38053297 PMCID: PMC10828428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(1): 50-59].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeok Kwon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | | | - Goo Jang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- LARTBio Inc., Gwangmyeong 14322, Korea
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Lee DY, Lee SY, Yun SH, Lee J, Mariano E, Park J, Choi Y, Han D, Kim JS, Hur SJ. Current Technologies and Future Perspective in Meat Analogs Made from Plant, Insect, and Mycoprotein Materials: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38229865 PMCID: PMC10789558 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reviewed the current data presented in the literature on developing meat analogs using plant-, insect-, and protein-derived materials and presents a conclusion on future perspectives. As a result of this study, it was found that the current products developed using plant-, insect-, and mycoprotein-derived materials still did not provide the quality of traditional meat products. Plant-derived meat analogs have been shown to use soybean-derived materials and beta-glucan or gluten, while insect-derived materials have been studied by mixing them with plant-derived materials. It is reported that the development of meat analogs using mycoprotein is somewhat insufficient compared to other materials, and safety issues should also be considered. Growth in the meat analog market, which includes products made using plant-, insect-, and mycoprotein-derived materials is reliant upon further research being conducted, as well as increased efforts for it to coexist alongside the traditional livestock industry. Additionally, it will become necessary to clearly define legal standards for meat analogs, such as their classification, characteristics, and product-labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Division of Animal Science, Division of
Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life
Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ermie Mariano
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jinmo Park
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Yeongwoo Choi
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dahee Han
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Jones JD, Proffitt KM, Ramsey JM, Almberg ES, Anderson NJ. Reproductive Fate of Brucellosis-Seropositive Elk (Cervus canadensis): Implications for Disease Transmission Risk. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:52-63. [PMID: 37889938 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus that infects elk (Cervus canadensis) and cattle (Bos taurus). There is the potential for transmission from wildlife to livestock through contact with infected material shed during abortions or live births. To understand the impact of exposure on pregnancy rates we captured 30-100 elk per year from 2011 through 2020, testing their blood for serologic exposure to B. abortus. Predicted pregnancy rates for seropositive animals were 9.6% lower in prime-age (2.5-15.5 yr; 85%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 74-91%) and 37.7% lower in old (>15.5 yr; 43%, 95% CI: 19-71%) elk as compared with seronegative animals. To understand the risk of seropositive elk shedding B. abortus bacteria and the effects of exposure on elk reproductive performance, we conducted a 5-yr longitudinal study monitoring 30 seropositive elk. We estimated the annual probability of a seropositive elk having an abortion as 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.15). We detected B. abortus at three abortions and two live births, using a combination of culture and PCR testing. The predicted probability of a pregnant seropositive elk shedding B. abortus during an abortion or live birth was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04-0.19). To understand what proportion of seropositive elk harbored live B. abortus bacteria in their tissues, we euthanized seropositive elk at the end of 5 yr of monitoring and sampled tissues for B. abortus. Assuming perfect detection, the predicted probability of a seropositive elk having B. abortus in at least one tissue was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43). The transmission risk seropositive elk pose is mitigated by decreased pregnancy rates, low probability of abortion events, low probability of shedding at live birth events, and reasonably low probability of B. abortus in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Jones
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA
| | - Kelly M Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ramsey
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA
| | - Emily S Almberg
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA
| | - Neil J Anderson
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 490 North Meridian Road, Kalispell, Montana 59901, USA
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Bhagwat T, Kuemmerle T, Soofi M, Donald PF, Hölzel N, Salemgareev A, Stirnemann I, Urazaliyev R, Baumann M, Kamp J. A novel, post-Soviet fire disturbance regime drives bird diversity and abundance on the Eurasian steppe. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17026. [PMID: 37962145 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Many grassland ecosystems and their associated biodiversity depend on the interactions between fire and land-use, both of which are shaped by socioeconomic conditions. The Eurasian steppe biome, much of it situated in Kazakhstan, contains 10% of the world's remaining grasslands. The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, widespread land abandonment and massive declines in wild and domestic ungulates led to biomass accumulation over millions of hectares. This rapid fuel increase made the steppes a global fire hotspot, with major changes in vegetation structure. Yet, the response of steppe biodiversity to these changes remains unexplored. We utilized a unique bird abundance dataset covering the entire Kazakh steppe and semi-desert regions together with the MODIS burned area product. We modeled the response of bird species richness and abundance as a function of fire disturbance variables-fire extent, cumulative burned area, fire frequency-at varying grazing intensity. Bird species richness was impacted negatively by large fire extent, cumulative burned area, and high fire frequency in moderately grazed and ungrazed steppe. Similarly, overall bird abundance was impacted negatively by large fire extent, cumulative burned area and higher fire frequency in the moderately grazed steppe, ungrazed steppe, and ungrazed semi-deserts. At the species level, the effect of high fire disturbance was negative for more species than positive. There were considerable fire legacy effects, detectable for at least 8 years. We conclude that the increase in fire disturbance across the post-Soviet Eurasian steppe has led to strong declines in bird abundance and pronounced changes in community assembly. To gain back control over wildfires and prevent further biodiversity loss, restoration of wild herbivore populations and traditional domestic ungulate grazing systems seems much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Bhagwat
- Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Conservation Biogeography Lab, Geography Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahmood Soofi
- Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Conservation Biogeography Lab, Geography Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Darwin, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albert Salemgareev
- Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Kazakhstan (ACBK), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ingrid Stirnemann
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruslan Urazaliyev
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Kazakhstan (ACBK), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Matthias Baumann
- Conservation Biogeography Lab, Geography Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kamp
- Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Kamoshita M, Sugita H, Kageyama A, Kawata Y, Ito J, Kashiwazaki N. Recent advances of oocyte/embryo vitrification in mammals from rodents and large animals. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13931. [PMID: 38400795 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a valuable technology that enables semipermanent preservation and long-distance or international transportation of genetically modified and native animals. In laboratory mice, vitrification maintains and transports embryos, and many institutions and companies sell vitrified embryos. In contrast, despite numerous papers reporting on vitrification in livestock over the past decade, practical implementation has yet to be achieved. However, with advances in genome editing technology, it is anticipated that the number of genetically modified domestic animals will increase, leading to a rise in demand for vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Here, we provide an objective overview of recent advancements in vitrification technology for livestock, drawing a comparison with the current developments in laboratory animals. Additionally, we explore the future prospects for vitrification in livestock, focusing on its potential benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hibiki Sugita
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kageyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yui Kawata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Wilkinson DA, Edwards M, Shum C, Moinet M, Anderson NE, Benschop J, Nisa S. Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. in farmed and wild mammals reveals new host-serovar associations in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:1-9. [PMID: 37589061 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To apply molecular typing to DNA isolated from historical samples to determine Leptospira spp. infecting farmed and wild mammals in New Zealand. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples used in this study were extracted from urine, serum or kidney samples (or Leptospira spp. cultures isolated from them) collected between 2007 and 2017 from a range of domestic and wildlife mammalian species as part of different research projects at Massey University. Samples were included in the study if they met one of three criteria: samples that tested positive with a lipL32 PCR for pathogenic Leptospira; samples that tested negative by lipL32 PCR but were recorded as positive to PCR for pathogenic Leptospira in the previous studies; or samples that were PCR-negative in all studies but were from animals with positive agglutination titres against serogroup Tarassovi. DNA samples were typed using PCR that targeted either the glmU or gyrB genetic loci. The resulting amplicons were sequenced and typed relative to reference sequences. RESULTS We identified several associations between mammalian hosts and Leptospira strains/serovars that had not been previously reported in New Zealand. Leptospira borgpetersenii strain Pacifica was found in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) samples, L. borgpetersenii serovars Balcanica and Ballum were found in wild red deer samples, Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni was found in stoats (Mustela erminea) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and L. borgpetersenii was found in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Furthermore, we reconfirmed previously described associations including dairy cattle with L. interrogans serovars Copenhageni and Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovars Ballum, Hardjo type bovis and strain Pacifica, sheep with L. interrogans serovar Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type bovis, brushtail possum with L. borgpetersenii serovar Balcanica, farmed deer with L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type bovis and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) with L. borgpetersenii serovar Ballum. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an updated summary of host-Leptospira associations in New Zealand and highlights the importance of molecular typing. Furthermore, strain Pacifica, which was first identified as Tarassovi using serological methods in dairy cattle in 2016, has circulated in animal communities since at least 2007 but remained undetected as serology is unable to distinguish the different genotypes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To date, leptospirosis in New Zealand has been diagnosed with serological typing, which is deficient in typing all strains in circulation. Molecular methods are necessary to accurately type strains of Leptospira spp. infecting mammals in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Wilkinson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Edwards
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - C Shum
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Moinet
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N E Anderson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - J Benschop
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Nisa
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Melo SMP, Santos IR, Almeida BA, Sonne L, Panziera W, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Characterization of cutaneous lesions caused by natural tick infestation in cattle. Vet Pathol 2023:3009858231217207. [PMID: 38146917 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231217207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Although tick infestation is a significant health problem in livestock, there are limited studies on the dermatopathological aspects of natural tick infestation in cattle. This study aimed to describe the gross and histologic aspects of cutaneous lesions caused by tick infestation in cattle. Thirteen cases were selected based on necropsy data from a 10-year retrospective study. Predispositions were observed in beef cattle (P = .049) and the Angus breed (P = .012), and lesions occurred mainly in the fall (P = .007). Gross lesions included hypotrichosis (13/13; 100%), scales (12/13; 92%), alopecia (11/13; 85%), ulcers (7/13; 54%), crusts (7/13; 54%), and erosions (2/13; 15%). These gross lesions were mainly located in the thorax (12/13; 92%), head (11/13; 85%), abdomen (10/13; 77%), neck (9/13; 69%), limbs (9/13; 69%), and perineum (9/13; 69%). Histologically, all cases had ticks adhered to the epidermis with erosions (13/13; 100%), ulcers (11/13; 85%), orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis (13/13; 100%), irregular acanthosis (13/13; 100%), intraepidermal pustules (13/13; 100%), crusts (10/13; 77%), and ballooning degeneration (4/13; 31%). In the dermis, just below the tick insertion site, there was coagulation necrosis, fibrin deposition, and inflammatory infiltrate composed of mixed cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and few eosinophils) (9/13; 69%), neutrophils (3/13; 23%), or eosinophils (1/13; 8%). This study reinforces the different patterns of cutaneous lesions caused by tick infestation in cattle, which should be considered as a potential cause of dermatitis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor R Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Welden Panziera
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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44
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Saqib SE, Yaseen M, Visetnoi S, Sikandar, Ali S. Epidemiological and economic consequences of lumpy skin disease outbreaks on farm households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1238771. [PMID: 38188720 PMCID: PMC10771306 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The livestock sector plays a crucial role in sustaining the livelihoods of millions of families across the world, especially in developing countries. However, farming households that rely on agriculture and livestock are particularly susceptible to the impacts of various infectious diseases and natural disasters. This study focuses on estimating the economic burden imposed on households by lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Pakistan and explores the effect of various socioeconomic factors on mortality ratio. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 406 farmers and were analyzed through descriptive statistics to calculate the monetary losses. In addition, the study employed fractional probit regression to identify factors affecting mortality ratio. The results demonstrate significant economic impacts of LSD on farm households in Pakistan, leading to direct and indirect losses and reduced milk productivity. Exotic cows were found to be more susceptible to mortality compared to indigenous cows. The study also found that farmers' education, experience, household income per month, vaccination, domestic-commercial, commercial animals, and access to information were negatively associated with mortality. The findings of this study emphasize the need for preventative measures such as affordable vaccines, treatment, and improved livestock health and welfare to mitigate the negative effects of LSD on farmers' income and the local economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab E. Saqib
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supawan Visetnoi
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sikandar
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shoukat Ali
- Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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45
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Arıkan İ, Ayav T, Seçkin AÇ, Soygazi F. Estrus Detection and Dairy Cow Identification with Cascade Deep Learning for Augmented Reality-Ready Livestock Farming. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9795. [PMID: 38139641 PMCID: PMC10747260 DOI: 10.3390/s23249795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the estrus period is crucial for optimizing insemination efficiency and reducing costs in animal husbandry, a vital sector for global food production. Precise estrus period determination is essential to avoid economic losses, such as milk production reductions, delayed calf births, and disqualification from government support. The proposed method integrates estrus period detection with cow identification using augmented reality (AR). It initiates deep learning-based mounting detection, followed by identifying the mounting region of interest (ROI) using YOLOv5. The ROI is then cropped with padding, and cow ID detection is executed using YOLOv5 on the cropped ROI. The system subsequently records the identified cow IDs. The proposed system accurately detects mounting behavior with 99% accuracy, identifies the ROI where mounting occurs with 98% accuracy, and detects the mounting couple with 94% accuracy. The high success of all operations with the proposed system demonstrates its potential contribution to AR and artificial intelligence applications in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Arıkan
- Computer Engineering Department, İzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Türkiye; (İ.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tolga Ayav
- Computer Engineering Department, İzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Türkiye; (İ.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Ahmet Çağdaş Seçkin
- Computer Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Türkiye;
| | - Fatih Soygazi
- Computer Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Türkiye;
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Boros Á, Pankovics P, László Z, Urbán P, Herczeg R, Gáspár G, Tóth F, Reuter G. The genomic and epidemiological investigations of enteric viruses of domestic caprine ( Capra hircus) revealed the presence of multiple novel viruses related to known strains of humans and ruminant livestock species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0253323. [PMID: 37823638 PMCID: PMC10714811 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02533-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Compared with other domestic animals, the virome and viral diversity of small ruminants especially in caprine are less studied even of its zoonotic potential. In this study, the enteric virome of caprine was investigated in detail using next-generation sequencing and reverse transcription PCR techniques. The complete or nearly complete genomes of seven novel viruses were determined which show a close phylogenetic relationship to known human and ruminant viruses. The high similarity between the identified caprine tusavirus (family Parvoviridae) and an unassigned CRESS DNA virus with closely related human strains could indicate the (reverse) zoonotic potential of these viruses. Others, like astroviruses (family Astroviridae), enteroviruses, or novel caripiviruses (named after the term caprine picornavirus) of family Picornaviridae found mostly in multiple co-infections in caprine and ovine, could indicate the cross-species transmission capabilities of these viruses between small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán László
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gáspár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Flores-Velázquez LM, Ruiz-Campillo MT, Herrera-Torres G, Martínez-Moreno Á, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Zafra R, Buffoni L, Rufino-Moya PJ, Molina-Hernández V, Pérez J. Fasciolosis: pathogenesis, host-parasite interactions, and implication in vaccine development. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1270064. [PMID: 38149297 PMCID: PMC10750376 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1270064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is distributed worldwide, causing substantial economic losses in the animal husbandry industry. Human fasciolosis is an emerging zoonosis in Andean America, Asia, and Africa. The control of the disease, both in humans and animals, is based on using anthelmintic drugs, which has resulted in increased resistance to the most effective anthelmintics, such as triclabendazole, in many countries. This, together with the concerns about drug residues in food and the environment, has increased the interest in preventive measures such as a vaccine to help control the disease in endemic areas. Despite important efforts over the past two decades and the work carried out with numerous vaccine candidates, none of them has demonstrated consistent and reproducible protection in target species. This is at least in part due to the high immunomodulation capacity of the parasite, making ineffective the host response in susceptible species such as ruminants. It is widely accepted that a deeper knowledge of the host-parasite interactions is needed for a more rational design of vaccine candidates. In recent years, the use of emerging technologies has notably increased the amount of data about these interactions. In the present study, current knowledge of host-parasite interactions and their implication in Fasciola hepatica vaccine development is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Flores-Velázquez
- Unidad de Anatomía, Histología y Patología Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Teresa Ruiz-Campillo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillem Herrera-Torres
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo José Rufino-Moya
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Amuasi GR, Dsani E, Owusu-Nyantakyi C, Owusu FA, Mohktar Q, Nilsson P, Adu B, Hendriksen RS, Egyir B. Enterococcus species: insights into antimicrobial resistance and whole-genome features of isolates recovered from livestock and raw meat in Ghana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254896. [PMID: 38192291 PMCID: PMC10773571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus spp. have gradually evolved from commensals to causing life-threatening hospital-acquired infections globally due to their inherent antimicrobial resistance ability and virulence potential. Enterococcus spp. recovered from livestock and raw meat samples were characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Materials and methods Isolates were confirmed using the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometer, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Whole genome sequencing was performed on isolates resistant to two or more antibiotics. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine sequence types, resistance and virulence gene content and evolutionary relationships between isolates from meat and livestock samples, and other enterococci genomes curated by PATRIC. eBURST analysis was used to assign genomes to clonal complexes. Results Enterococcus spp. were predominantly E. faecalis (96/236; 41%) and E. faecium (89/236; 38%). Overall, isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (78/236; 33%), tetracycline (71/236; 30%), ciprofloxacin (20/236; 8%), chloramphenicol (12/236; 5%), linezolid (7/236; 3%), ampicillin (4/236; 2%) and vancomycin (1/236, 0.4%). Resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents was detected among 17% (n = 40) Enterococcus spp. Resistance genes for streptogramins [lsa(A), lsa(E), msr(C)], aminoglycosides [aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-aph(2″), str], amphenicol [cat], macrolides [erm(B), erm(T), msr(C)], tetracyclines [tet(M), tet(L), tet(S)] and lincosamides [lsa(A), lsa(E), lnu(B)] were detected among the isolates. Genes for biofilm formation, adhesins, sex pheromones, cytolysins, hyaluronidase, oxidative stress resistance, quorum-sensing and anti-phagocytic activity were also identified. Potential plasmids with replicon sequences (rep1, rep2, repUS43, repUS47, rep9a, rep9b) and other mobile genetic elements (Tn917, cn_5536_ISEnfa1, Tn6009, ISEnfa1, ISEfa10) were detected. Clinically relevant E. faecium ST32 and ST416 clones were identified in meat samples. Conclusion The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. in livestock and raw meat samples, carrying multiple resistance and virulence genes, including known clones associated with hospital-acquired infections, underscores the critical need for employing robust tools like whole genome sequencing. Such tools provide detailed data essential for ongoing surveillance efforts aimed at addressing the challenge of antimicrobial resistance with a focus on one health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grebstad Rabbi Amuasi
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Esther Dsani
- Veterinary Services Department, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christian Owusu-Nyantakyi
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felicia A. Owusu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Quaneeta Mohktar
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pernille Nilsson
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Global Capacity Building, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, FAO Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bright Adu
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Global Capacity Building, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, FAO Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Forte C, Lo Fiego DP, Trabalza Marinucci M, Pravettoni D, Natalello A. Editorial: Efforts to reduce feed-food competition. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1335007. [PMID: 38116512 PMCID: PMC10728867 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1335007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Pravettoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonio Natalello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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50
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Bonina V, Arpaia S. The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:631-646. [PMID: 37401856 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Pest management in farm animals is an important action to contain economic damage to livestock production and prevent transmission of severe diseases to the stock. The use of chemical insecticides is still the most common approach followed by farmers; however, avoiding possible toxic effects on animals is a fundamental task for pest control measures compatible with animal well-being. Moreover, legal constraints and insurgence of resistance by target species to the available insecticidal compounds are increasingly complicating farmers' operations. Alternatives to chemical pesticides have been explored with some promising results in the area of biological control or the use of natural products as sprays. The application of RNA interference techniques has enabled the production of new means of pest control in agriculture, and it is opening a promising avenue for controlling arthropod pests of livestock. Transcript depletion of specific target genes of the recipient organisms is based on the action of double-strand RNAs (dsRNA) capable of impairing the production of fundamental proteins. Their mode of action, based on the specific recognition of short genomic sequences, is expected to be highly selective towards non-target organisms potentially exposed; in addition, there are physical and chemical barriers to dsRNA uptake by mammalian cells that render these products practically innocuous for higher animals. Summarising existing literature on gene silencing for main taxa of arthropod pests of livestock (Acarina, Diptera, Blattoidea), this review explores the perspectives of practical applications of dsRNA-based pesticides against the main pests of farm animals. Knowledge gaps are summarised to stimulate additional research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bonina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Arpaia
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TERIN-BBC Research Centre Trisaia, Rotondella, Matera, Italy
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