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Hartl N, Gabold B, Uhl P, Kromer A, Xiao X, Fricker G, Mier W, Liu R, Merkel OM. ApoE-functionalization of nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery-a feasible method for polyplexes? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1660-1677. [PMID: 38087181 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major obstacle in the treatment of all types of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers in principle a promising therapeutic approach by downregulating disease-related genes via RNA interference. However, the BBB is a formidable barrier for macromolecules such as nucleic acids. In an effort to develop a brain-targeted strategy for siRNA delivery systems formed by electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers (polyplexes (PXs)), we investigated the suitability of the well-known surfactant-based approach for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this present work was to investigate if ApoE coating of siRNA PXs formed with cationic branched 25-kDa poly(ethyleneimine) (b-PEI) and nylon-3 polymers without or after precoating with polysorbate 80 (PS 80) would promote successful delivery across the BBB. We utilized highly hydrophobic NM0.2/CP0.8 nylon-3 polymers to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic cyclopentyl (CP) subunits on ApoE binding efficacy and observed successful ApoE binding with and without PS 80 precoating to the nylon-3 but not the PEI polyplexes. Accordingly, ApoE-coated nylon-3 polyplexes showed significantly increased uptake and gene silencing in U87 glioma cells but no benefit in vivo. In conclusion, further optimization of ApoE-functionalized polyplexes and more sophisticated in vitro models are required to achieve more successful in vitro-in vivo translation in future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Kromer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ximian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gert Fricker
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Mick P, Kabir R, Karunatilake M, Kathleen Pichora-Fuller M, Young TL, Sosero Y, Gan-Or Z, Wittich W, Phillips NA. APOE-ε4 is not associated with pure-tone hearing thresholds, visual acuity or cognition, cross-sectionally or over 3 years of follow up in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 138:72-82. [PMID: 38547662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hearing loss and diminished visual acuity are associated with poorer cognition, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allelic variant may drive the associations. We tested whether APOE-ε4 allele count (0, 1, or 2) was associated with declines in memory, executive function, pure-tone hearing threshold averages, and pinhole-corrected visual acuity among participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). METHODS Multivariable linear mixed regression models were utilized to assess associations between APOE-ε4 allele count and each of the outcome variables. For each main effects model, interactions between APOE-ε4 and sex and age group (45-54-, 55-64-, 65-74-, and 75-85 years) respectively, were analyzed. RESULTS Significant associations were not observed in main effects models. Models including APOE-ε4 * age (but not APOE-ε4 * sex) interaction terms better fit the data compared to main effects models. In age group-stratified models, however, there were minimal differences in effect estimates according to allele count. CONCLUSION APOE-ε4 allele count does not appear to be a common cause of sensory-cognitive associations in this large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mick
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Canada.
| | | | - Malshi Karunatilake
- University of Alberta, College of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Canada
| | - M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller
- Professor emeritus, University of Toronto, Faculty of Arts and Sciencies, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Terry-Lyn Young
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, Canada
| | - Yuri Sosero
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Canada
| | | | - Natalie A Phillips
- Concordia University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Canada
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Tian F, Qian Z, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wu G, Wang C, McMillin SE, Bingheim E, Lin H. Air pollution, APOE genotype and risk of dementia among individuals with cardiovascular diseases: A population-based longitudinal study. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123758. [PMID: 38492747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are particularly vulnerable to dementia, but it remains unclear whether air pollution exposure links with higher risk of dementia among those with CVD. The data were derived from the UK Biobank study (UKB). Dementia-free participants with CVD at baseline were included. Air pollution exposure was assessed through land use regression models, including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the associations between air pollution exposure and incident dementia among individuals with CVD. Air pollution was associated with dementia among individuals with CVD, and the hazard ratios of dementia associated with each interquartile range (IQR) μg/m3 increase in air pollution were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12) for PM2.5, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.15) for PM10, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14) for NO2 and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.09) for NOx. Associations between air pollution and all-cause dementia were found to be significant among individuals with hypertension. Adverse effects of air pollution were also observed for Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), with a higher effect for AD. Observed associations remained similar in subgroups of APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers, although there was a higher risk difference across different air pollution concentration among these individuals carrying APOE ε4. Air pollution emerges as a critical risk factor for dementia among individuals with CVD, regardless of genetic susceptibility indicated by the APOE genotype. Notably, individuals with hypertension might be susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution, leading to a higher incidence of dementia. Understanding these impacts on dementia among individuals with CVD may promote better targeted prevention and clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | | | - Elizabeth Bingheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Williamson JN, James SA, Mullen SP, Sutton BP, Wszalek T, Mulyana B, Mukli P, Yabluchanskiy A, Yang Y. Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01151-x. [PMID: 38598069 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As of 2023, it is estimated that 6.7 million individuals in the United States live with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior research indicates that AD disproportionality affects females; females have a greater incidence rate, perform worse on a variety of neuropsychological tasks, and have greater total brain atrophy. Recent research shows that hippocampal functional connectivity differs by sex and may be related to the observed sex differences in AD, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carriers have reduced hippocampal functional connectivity. The purpose of this study was to determine if the ApoE genotype plays a role in the observed sex differences in hippocampal functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. The resting state fMRI and T2 MRI of individuals with AD (n = 30, female = 15) and cognitively normal individuals (n = 30, female = 15) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were analyzed using the functional connectivity toolbox (CONN). Our results demonstrated intrahippocampal functional connectivity differed between those without an ε4 allele and those with at least one ε4 allele in each group. Additionally, intrahippocampal functional connectivity differed only by sex when Alzheimer's participants had at least one ε4 allele. These results improve our current understanding of the role of the interacting relationship between sex, ApoE genotype, and hippocampal function in AD. Understanding these biomarkers may aid in the development of sex-specific interventions for improved AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Williamson
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shirley A James
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Center for Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tracey Wszalek
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Beni Mulyana
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yuan Yang
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Clinical Imaging Research Center, Stephenson Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lane RM, Darreh-Shori T, Junge C, Li D, Yang Q, Edwards AL, Graham DL, Moore K, Mummery CJ. Onset of Alzheimer disease in apolipoprotein ɛ4 carriers is earlier in butyrylcholinesterase K variant carriers. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38594621 PMCID: PMC11003149 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors sought to examine the impact of the K-variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE-K) carrier status on age-at-diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in APOE4 carriers. METHODS Patients aged 50-74 years with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-confirmed AD, were recruited to clinical trial (NCT03186989 since June 14, 2017). Baseline demographics, disease characteristics, and biomarkers were evaluated in 45 patients according to BCHE-K and APOE4 allelic status in this post-hoc study. RESULTS In APOE4 carriers (N = 33), the mean age-at-diagnosis of AD in BCHE-K carriers (n = 11) was 6.4 years earlier than in BCHE-K noncarriers (n = 22, P < .001, ANOVA). In APOE4 noncarriers (N = 12) there was no observed influence of BCHE-K. APOE4 carriers with BCHE-K also exhibited slightly higher amyloid and tau accumulations compared to BCHE-K noncarriers. A predominantly amyloid, limited tau, and limbic-amnestic phenotype was exemplified by APOE4 homozygotes with BCHE-K. In the overall population, multiple regression analyses demonstrated an association of amyloid accumulation with APOE4 carrier status (P < .029), larger total brain ventricle volume (P < .021), less synaptic injury (Ng, P < .001), and less tau pathophysiology (p-tau181, P < .005). In contrast, tau pathophysiology was associated with more neuroaxonal damage (NfL, P = .002), more synaptic injury (Ng, P < .001), and higher levels of glial activation (YKL-40, P = .01). CONCLUSION These findings have implications for the genetic architecture of prognosis in early AD, not the genetics of susceptibility to AD. In patients with early AD aged less than 75 years, the mean age-at-diagnosis of AD in APOE4 carriers was reduced by over 6 years in BCHE-K carriers versus noncarriers. The functional status of glia may explain many of the effects of APOE4 and BCHE-K on the early AD phenotype. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03186989 since June 14, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Lane
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA.
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatric, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Candice Junge
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | | | | | - Katrina Moore
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
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Wei G, Huang N, Li M, Guan F, Chen L, Liao Y, Xie X, Li Y, Su Z, Chen J, Liu Y. Tetrahydroberberine alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice via augmenting lipoprotein assembly-induced clearance of low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176433. [PMID: 38369273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The promotion of excess low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance stands as an effective clinical approach for treating hyperlipidemia. Tetrahydroberberine, a metabolite of berberine, exhibits superior bioavailability compared to berberine and demonstrates a pronounced hypolipidemic effect. Despite these characteristics, the impact of tetrahydroberberine on improving excessive LDL clearance in hyperlipidemia has remained unexplored. Thus, this study investigates the potential effects of tetrahydroberberine on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. The findings reveal that tetrahydroberberine exerts a more potent lipid-lowering effect than berberine, particularly concerning LDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice. Notably, tetrahydroberberine significantly reduces serum levels of upstream lipoproteins, including intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and very low-density lipoprotein, by promoting their conversion to LDL. This reduction is further facilitated by the upregulation of hepatic LDL receptor expression induced by tetrahydroberberine. Intriguingly, tetrahydroberberine enhances the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) ratio, influencing lipoprotein assembly in the serum. This effect is achieved through the activation of the efflux of ApoE-containing cholesterol in the liver. The ApoE/ApoB100 ratio exhibits a robust negative correlation with serum levels of LDL and IDL, indicating its potential as a diagnostic indicator for hyperlipidemia. Moreover, tetrahydroberberine enhances hepatic lipid clearance without inducing lipid accumulation in the liver and alleviates existing liver lipid content. Importantly, no apparent hepatorenal toxicity is observed following tetrahydroberberine treatment for hyperlipidemia. In summary, tetrahydroberberine demonstrates a positive impact against hyperlipidemia by modulating lipoprotein assembly-induced clearance of LDL and IDL. The ApoE/ApoB100 ratio emerges as a promising diagnostic indicator for hyperlipidemia, showcasing the potential clinical significance of tetrahydroberberine in lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yingyi Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingyu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Dunk MM, Rapp SR, Hayden KM, Espeland MA, Casanova R, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Wild R, Driscoll I. Plasma oxysterols are associated with serum lipids and dementia risk in older women. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38574442 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers' tendency toward hypercholesterolemia may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk through oxysterols, which traverse the blood-brain barrier. METHODS Relationships between baseline plasma oxysterols, APOE status, serum lipids, and cognitive impairment risk were examined in 328 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Women were followed for 25 years or until incident dementia or cognitive impairment. RESULTS Levels of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), and 24-OHC/27-OHC ratio did not differ by APOE status (p's > 0.05). Higher 24-OHC and 27-OHC were associated with higher total, low density lipoprotein (LDL), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL), remnant, LDL/HDL, and total/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (p's < 0.05). Higher 24-OHC/27-OHC was associated with greater dementia risk (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval:1.02-2.22), which interaction analyses revealed as significant for APOE3 and APOE4+, but not APOE2+ carriers. DISCUSSION Less favorable lipid profiles were associated with higher oxysterol levels. A higher ratio of 24-OHC/27-OHC may contribute to dementia risk in APOE3 and APOE4+ carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Dunk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Wild
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ding L, Wang Y, Tang Z, Ni C, Zhang Q, Zhai Q, Liang C, Li J. Exploration of vitamin D metabolic activity-related biological effects and corresponding therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38566155 PMCID: PMC10988890 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have unequivocally demonstrated that the vitamin D (VD) metabolism pathway significantly influences prognosis and sensitivity to hormone therapy in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We performed molecular profiling of 1045 PCa patients, leveraging genes linked to VD synthesis and VD receptors. We then identified highly variable gene modules with substantial associations with patient stratification. Subsequently, we intersected these modules with differentially expressed genes between PCa and adjacent paracancerous tissues. Following a meticulous process involving single-factor regression and LASSO regression to eliminate extraneous variables and construct a prognostic model. Within the high-risk subgroup defined by the calculated risk score, we analyzed their differences in cell infiltration, immune status, mutation landscape, and drug sensitivity. Finally, we selected Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which featured prominently in this model for further experimental exploration to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. RESULTS The prognostic model established in this study had commendable predictive efficacy. We observed diminished infiltration of various T-cell subtypes and reduced expression of co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells. Mutation analysis revealed that the high-risk cohort harbored a higher frequency of mutations in the TP53 and FOXA genes. Notably, drug sensitivity analysis suggested the heightened responsiveness of high-risk patients to molecular inhibitors targeting the Bcl-2 and MAPK pathways. Finally, our investigation also confirmed that APOE upregulates the proliferative and invasive capacity of PCa cells and concurrently enhances resistance to androgen receptor antagonist therapy. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study elucidated the potential mechanisms through which this metabolic pathway orchestrates the biological behavior of PCa and findings hold promise in advancing the development of combination therapies in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, 214023, Suqian, China
| | - Zhentao Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Chenbo Ni
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Qidi Zhai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China.
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Gregersen CH, Mearraoui R, Søgaard PP, Clergeaud G, Petersson K, Urquhart AJ, Simonsen JB. Lipid nanoparticles containing labile PEG-lipids transfect primary human skin cells more efficiently in the presence of apoE. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114219. [PMID: 38368913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can potentially target the root cause of genetic skin diseases. Although nanoparticles are considered impermeable to skin, research and clinical studies have shown that nanoparticles can penetrate into skin with reduced skin barrier function when administered topically. Studies have shown that epidermal keratinocytes express the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) that mediates endocytosis of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-associated nanoparticles and that dermal fibroblasts express mannose receptors. Here we prepared LNPs designed to exploit these different endocytic pathways for intracellular mRNA delivery to the two most abundant skin cell types, containing: (i) labile PEG-lipids (DMG-PEG2000) prone to dissociate and facilitate apoE-binding to LNPs, enabling apoE-LDLR mediated uptake in keratinocytes, (ii) non-labile PEG-lipids (DSPE-PEG2000) to impose stealth-like properties to LNPs to enable targeting of distant cells, and (iii) mannose-conjugated PEG-lipids (DSPE-PEG2000-Mannose) to target fibroblasts or potentially immune cells containing mannose receptors. All types of LNPs were prepared by vortex mixing and formed monodisperse (PDI ∼ 0.1) LNP samples with sizes of 130 nm (±25%) and high mRNA encapsulation efficiencies (≥90%). The LNP-mediated transfection potency in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was highest for LNPs containing labile PEG-lipids, with the addition of apoE greatly enhancing transfection via LDLR. Coating LNPs with mannose did not improve transfection, and stealth-like LNPs show limited to no transfection. Taken together, our studies suggest using labile PEG-lipids and co-administration of apoE when exploring LNPs for skin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hald Gregersen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Razan Mearraoui
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pia Pernille Søgaard
- In Vitro Biology, Molecular Biomedicine, Research and early development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karsten Petersson
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Urquhart
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark.
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10
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Chen W, Li B, Wang H, Wei G, Chen K, Wang W, Wang S, Liu Y. Apolipoprotein E E3/E4 genotype is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38491412 PMCID: PMC10941446 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia is a co-existing problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between the APOE gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess this relationship and provide a reference for further risk assessment of CAD in T2DM patients. METHODS The study included 378 patients with T2DM complicated with CAD (T2DM + CAD) and 431 patients with T2DM alone in the case group, and 351 individuals without DM and CAD were set as controls. The APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in APOE genotypes and alleles between patients and controls were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, and history of drinking to access the relationship between APOE genotypes and T2DM + CAD risk. RESULTS The frequencies of the APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype and ε4 allele were higher in the T2DM + CAD patients, and the frequencies of the APOE ɛ3/ɛ3 genotype and ε3 allele were lower than those in the controls (all p < 0.05). The T2DM + CAD patients with ɛ4 allele had higher level in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than those in patients with ɛ2 and ɛ3 allele (p < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old, and BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for T2DM and T2DM + CAD, and APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-3.14, p = 0.008) and ɛ4 allele (adjusted OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.23-3.17) were independent risk factors for T2DM + CAD. However, the APOE genotypes and alleles were not found to have relationship with the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS APOE ε3/ε4 genotype and ε4 allele were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with CAD, but not for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Guoliang Wei
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Kehui Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
- Department of Computer Tomography, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
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11
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Vala K, Shah K, Kapadia S, Khandelwal M, Jojera A, Soni S, Prajapati A, Saha A. Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: a rare cause of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in a child. CEN Case Rep 2024:10.1007/s13730-024-00861-7. [PMID: 38438730 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-024-00861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare condition of renal lipidosis characterized by lipoprotein thrombi in glomeruli, an abnormal plasma lipoprotein profile, and a marked increase in serum apolipoprotein E (apo E) levels. It is a monogenic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance and the average age of presentation is 32 years (4-69 years). It is rare in children. The presentation can be nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, or progressive renal failure. Here we report the first described case of LPG in an Indian 7.5-year-old boy who presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with normal renal function. A renal biopsy was suggestive of lipoprotein glomerulopathy. The detection of a pathogenic variant in apo E, Kyoto type, by exome sequencing, confirmed the diagnosis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy. Complete response was achieved with Angiotensin-converting Enzyme inhibitor and fenofibrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnari Vala
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Renal Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Gujarat University of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Kanisha Shah
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Renal Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Gujarat University of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shahenaz Kapadia
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Renal Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Gujarat University of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Amit Jojera
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, India
| | - Shailesh Soni
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, India
| | | | - Anshuman Saha
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Renal Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Gujarat University of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad, India
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12
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Vyas CM, Kang JH, Mischoulon D, Cook NR, Reynolds III CF, Chang G, Mora S, De Vivo I, Manson JE, Okereke OI. Apolipoprotein E and Its Association With Cognitive Change and Modification of Treatment Effects of Vitamin D3 and Omega-3s on Cognitive Change: Results From the In-Clinic Subset of a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad260. [PMID: 37952113 PMCID: PMC10876077 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele is associated with cognitive decline; however, its potential to modify effects of vitamin D3 and omega-3s supplementation on later-life cognition is unclear. Our objectives were to estimate among the in-clinic subset of a randomized trial: (1) associations between APOE-ε4 and global and domain-specific cognitive change, with exploration of potential sex and race differences; and (2) modification by APOE-ε4 of effects of vitamin D3 and omega-3s supplementation on cognitive change. METHODS From an ancillary study of depression prevention within a completed 2 × 2 factorial trial testing vitamin D3 (2 000 IU per day), omega-3s (1 g per day), and/or placebos, we included 743 older adults with baseline in-person neuropsychiatric assessments and APOE genotyping data. The primary outcome was change in global cognition (averaging z-scores of 9 tests) over 2 years. Secondarily, episodic memory and executive function/attention z-scores were examined. General linear models of response profiles with multiplicative interaction terms were constructed; stratified results were reported. RESULTS Mean age (standard deviation) was 67.1 (5.3) years; 50.6% were females; 24.9% were APOE-ε4 carriers. Compared to noncarriers, APOE-ε4 carriers had worse 2-year change in global cognition and episodic memory; differences were more apparent among females than males. There was no variation by race in APOE-ε4 associations with cognition. APOE-ε4 did not significantly modify effects of vitamin D3 or omega-3s, compared to placebo, on change in global cognition, episodic memory, or executive function/attention. CONCLUSIONS APOE-ε4 was associated with worse cognition but did not modify overall effects of vitamin D3 or omega-3 supplementation on cognition over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag M Vyas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles F Reynolds III
- Department of Psychiatry, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grace Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Reimer Jensen AM, Frikke-Schmidt R, Gelpi M, Knudsen AD, Benfield T, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S, Biering-Sørensen T, Nielsen SD. Elevated plasma apolipoprotein E levels in people living with HIV: Associations with biomarkers and HIV-specific risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117457. [PMID: 38301603 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism, and high levels of apoE in plasma are associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We aimed to assess if HIV is independently associated with high plasma apoE and to determine HIV-related risk factors for high plasma apoE. METHODS We included 661 people with HIV (PWH) from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV (COCOMO) study with available measurement of plasma apoE. COCOMO participants were frequency matched 1:1 on age and sex with controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study. High plasma apoE was defined as levels above the 90th percentile (66.2 mg/L). The association between HIV and high plasma apoE was assessed using logistic regression models. Among PWH, both linear and logistic regression models were used to determine HIV-specific risk factors for high plasma apoE. RESULTS Mean age was 52 years and 89 % were male. Median plasma apoE was 49.0 mg/L in PWH and 43.3 mg/L in controls, p < 0.001. HIV was associated with higher plasma apoE after adjusting for potential confounders, including triglycerides (odds ratio 2.14 [95 % CI: 1.39-3.29], p < 0.001). In PWH, higher plasma apoE was associated with a previous AIDS-defining condition in linear models before adjustment for triglycerides and integrase strand transfer inhibitor use in fully adjusted linear models. CONCLUSIONS PWH had higher plasma apoE than controls even after adjusting for triglycerides. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical impact of high plasma apoE in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Reimer Jensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Gelpi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Ruan H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wu J, He C, Ke T, Luo J, Yang M. 27-Hydroxycholesterol/liver X receptor/ apolipoprotein E mediates zearalenone-induced intestinal immunosuppression: A key target potentially linking zearalenone and cancer. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:371-388. [PMID: 38618245 PMCID: PMC11010457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that extensively contaminates food and feed, posing a significant threat to public health. However, the mechanisms behind ZEN-induced intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to ZEN at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day b.w. for a duration of 14 days. The results demonstrated that ZEN exposure led to notable pathological alterations and immunosuppression within the intestine. Furthermore, ZEN exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and liver X receptor (LXR) (P < 0.05). Conversely, it upregulated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) markers (P < 0.05) and decreased the presence of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) in the intestine (P < 0.05). It was observed that ApoE or LXR agonists were able to mitigate the immunosuppressive effects induced by ZEN. Additionally, a bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the downregulation of ApoE might elevate the susceptibility to colorectal, breast, and lung cancers. These findings underscore the crucial role of the 27-HC/LXR/ApoE axis disruption in ZEN-induced MDSCs proliferation and subsequent inhibition of T lymphocyte activation within the rat intestine. Notably, ApoE may emerge as a pivotal target linking ZEN exposure to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiashuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunjiao He
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tongwei Ke
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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15
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Tato-Fernández C, Ekblad LL, Pietilä E, Saunavaara V, Helin S, Parkkola R, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO, Snellman A. Cognitively healthy APOE4/4 carriers show white matter impairment associated with serum NfL and amyloid-PET. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106439. [PMID: 38365046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Except for aging, carrying the APOE ε4 allele (APOE4) is the most important risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. APOE4 carriers may have reduced capacity to recycle lipids, resulting in white matter microstructural abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated whether white matter impairment measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) differs between healthy individuals with a different number of APOE4 alleles, and whether white matter impairment associates with brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) load and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). We studied 96 participants (APOE3/3, N = 37; APOE3/4, N = 39; APOE4/4, N = 20; mean age 70.7 (SD 5.22) years, 63% females) with a brain MRI including a DTI sequence (N = 96), Aβ-PET (N = 89) and a venous blood sample for the serum NfL concentration measurement (N = 88). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AxD) in six a priori-selected white matter regions-of-interest (ROIs) were compared between the groups using ANCOVA, with sex and age as covariates. A voxel-weighted average of FA, MD, RD and AxD was calculated for each subject, and correlations with Aβ-PET and NfL levels were evaluated. APOE4/4 carriers exhibited a higher MD and a higher RD in the body of corpus callosum than APOE3/4 (p = 0.0053 and p = 0.0049, respectively) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.042). APOE4/4 carriers had a higher AxD than APOE3/4 (p = 0.012) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.040) in the right cingulum adjacent to cingulate cortex. In the total sample, composite MD, RD and AxD positively correlated with the cortical Aβ load (r = 0.26 to 0.33, p < 0.013 for all) and with serum NfL concentrations (r = 0.31 to 0.36, p < 0.0028 for all). In conclusion, increased local diffusivity was detected in cognitively unimpaired APOE4/4 homozygotes compared to APOE3/4 and APOE3/3 carriers, and increased diffusivity correlated with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration. White matter impairment seems to be an early phenomenon in the Alzheimer's disease pathologic process in APOE4/4 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tato-Fernández
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Pietilä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Division of Medical Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ganesan K, Rentsch P, Langdon A, Milham LT, Vissel B. Modeling sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice by combining Apolipoprotein E4 risk gene with environmental risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1357405. [PMID: 38476659 PMCID: PMC10927790 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1357405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the mouse models used in preclinical research largely replicate familial form of AD, while majority of human cases are sporadic; both forms differ widely in the onset and origin of pathology, therefore requiring specific/targeted treatments. Methods In this study, we aimed to model sporadic AD in mice by combining two of the many risk factors that are strongly implicated in AD: ApoE4, a major genetic risk factor, together with an inflammatory stimuli. Accordingly, we subjected ApoE4 knock in (KI) mice, expressing humanized ApoE4, to low doses of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections (i.p, weekly, for 4 months). Results We assessed these animals for behavioral impairments at 6 months of age using Open Field, Y-maze, and Barnes Maze Test. LPS induced hypoactivity was observed in the Open Field and Y-maze test, whereas spatial learning and memory was intact. We then quantified differences in dendritic spine density, which is a strong correlate of AD. ApoE4KI mice showed a significant reduction in the number of spines after treatment with LPS, whereas there were no obvious differences in the total number of microglia and astrocytes. Discussion To conclude, in the current study the APoEe4 risk gene increases the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to inflammation induced spine loss, laying a foundation for an early sporadic AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Ganesan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Langdon
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke T. Milham
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Raulin AC, Doss SV, Heckman MG, Craver EC, Li Z, Ikezu TC, Sekiya H, Liu CC, Martens YA, Rosenberg CL, Kuchenbecker LA, DeTure M, Reichard RR, Nguyen AT, Constantopoulos E, Larsen RA, Kounaves EK, Murray ME, Dickson DW, Petersen RC, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. Impact of APOE on amyloid and tau accumulation in argyrophilic grain disease and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:25. [PMID: 38336940 PMCID: PMC10854035 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of phosphorylated tau (pTau), is increasingly recognized as a complex disease with multiple pathologies. AD sometimes pathologically overlaps with age-related tauopathies such as four repeat (4R)-tau predominant argyrophilic grain disease (AGD). While AGD is often detected with AD pathology, the contribution of APOE4 to AGD risk is not clear despite its robust effects on AD pathogenesis. Specifically, how APOE genotype influences Aβ and tau pathology in co-occurring AGD and AD has not been fully understood. Using postmortem brain samples (N = 353) from a neuropathologically defined cohort comprising of cases with AD and/or AGD pathology built to best represent different APOE genotypes, we measured the amounts of major AD-related molecules, including Aβ40, Aβ42, apolipoprotein E (apoE), total tau (tTau), and pTau181, in the temporal cortex. The presence of tau lesions characteristic of AD (AD-tau) was correlated with cognitive decline based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, while the presence of AGD tau lesions (AGD-tau) was not. Interestingly, while APOE4 increased the risk of AD-tau pathology, it did not increase the risk of AGD-tau pathology. Although APOE4 was significantly associated with higher levels of insoluble Aβ40, Aβ42, apoE, and pTau181, the APOE4 effect was no longer detected in the presence of AGD-tau. We also found that co-occurrence of AGD with AD was associated with lower insoluble Aβ42 and pTau181 levels. Overall, our findings suggest that different patterns of Aβ, tau, and apoE accumulation mediate the development of AD-tau and AGD-tau pathology, which is affected by APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney V Doss
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily C Craver
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tadafumi C Ikezu
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sekiya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- SciNeuro Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - R Ross Reichard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Eleni Constantopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel A Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Emmaline K Kounaves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Lombardi G, Pancani S, Bagnoli S, Vannetti F, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Cecchi F, Macchi C. Understanding the interplay between APO E polymorphism and cognition in the Italian oldest old: results from the "Mugello study". Neurol Sci 2024; 45:539-546. [PMID: 37710144 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data suggest that the deleterious effect on general health and cognition of ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) observed in the elderly population, may attenuate in extreme aging. This study aimed to describe the ApoE genotype distribution and its relationship with cognition in a group of nonagenarians living in the Mugello area, Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cognition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE). DNA was extracted from blood samples to determine ApoE genotyping. Participants were classified into three ApoE groups (ε2, ε3, ε4). Logistic and linear regression models were created, to assess the relationship between ApoE genotype group and dementia diagnosis and cognitive performance, respectively. RESULTS 169 subjects were included. ApoE ε3 was the most prevalent genotype (76.3%). Dementia prevalence was 26.6% and it was not associated with the presence of ApoE ε4. Participants of ε4 group were significantly more likely to have lower cognitive performances than ε2 and ε3, independently of a dementia diagnosis. DISCUSSION Results support that ApoE genotype no longer plays a role in the health condition of the oldest old, however, an interaction is detectable between ApoE polymorphism and cognitive performances at this extreme age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Pancani
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Vannetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Via Di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Almeida FC, Patra K, Giannisis A, Niesnerova A, Nandakumar R, Ellis E, Oliveira TG, Nielsen HM. APOE genotype dictates lipidomic signatures in primary human hepatocytes. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100498. [PMID: 38216055 PMCID: PMC10875595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variants are most notably known for their divergent impact on the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. While APOE genotype has been consistently shown to modulate lipid metabolism in a variety of cellular contexts, the effect of APOE alleles on the lipidome in hepatocytes is unknown. In this study, we investigated the contribution of APOE alleles to lipidomic profiles of donor-derived primary human hepatocytes from 77 subjects. Lipidomic data obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were analyzed across ε2/ε3, ε3/ε3, and ε3/ε4 genotypes to reveal how APOE modulates lipid relative levels over age and between groups. Hepatic APOE concentration, measured by ELISA, was assessed for correlation with lipid abundance in subjects grouped as per APOE genotype and sex. APOE genotype-specific differential lipidomic signatures associated with age for multiple lipid classes but did not differ between sexes. Compared to ε2/ε3, ε3/ε4 hepatocytes had higher abundance of acylcarnitines (AC) and acylphosphatidylglycerol (AcylPG) as a class, as well as higher medium and long-chain ACs, AcylPG, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP), monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG) species. The ε3/ε4 hepatocytes also exhibited a higher abundance of medium and long-chain ACs compared to the ε3/ε3 hepatocytes. Only in the ε3/ε4 hepatocytes, APOE concentration was lower and showed a negative correlation with BMP levels, specifically in females. APOE genotype dictates a differential lipidome in primary human hepatocytes. The lipids involved suggest mitochondrial dysfunction with accompanying alterations in neutral lipid storage, reflective of a general disturbance of free fatty acid metabolism in human hepatocytes with the ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kalicharan Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Giannisis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anezka Niesnerova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation surgery, Karolinska Institutet and ME Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Furkan M, Khan MS, Shahwan M, Hassan N, Yadav DK, Anwar S, Khan RH, Shamsi A. Identifying repurposed drugs as potential inhibitors of Apolipoprotein E: A bioinformatics approach to target complex diseases associated with lipid metabolism and neurodegeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129167. [PMID: 38176507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a pivotal contributor to lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders, emerges as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Within this study, we deployed an integrated in-silico strategy, harnessing structure-based virtual screening, to identify potential compounds from DrugBank database. Employing molecular docking, we unveil initial hits by evaluating their binding efficiency with ApoE. This first tier of screening narrows our focus to compounds that exhibit a strong propensity to bind with ApoE. Further, a detailed interaction analysis was carried out to explore the binding patterns of the selected hits towards the ApoE binding site. The selected compounds were then evaluated for the biological properties in PASS analysis, which showed anti-neurodegenerative properties. Building upon this foundation, we delve deeper, employing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations extending over an extensive 500 ns. In particular, Ergotamine and Dihydroergocristine emerge as noteworthy candidates, binding to ApoE in a competitive mode. This intriguing binding behavior positions these compounds as potential candidates warranting further analysis in the pursuit of novel therapeutics targeting complex diseases associated with lipid metabolism and neurodegeneration. This approach holds the promise of catalyzing advancements in therapeutic intervention for complex disorders, thereby reporting a meaningful pace towards improved healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Furkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates.
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Ye X, Jia Y, Song G, Liu X, Wu C, Li G, Zhao X, Wang X, Huang S, Zhu S. Apolipoprotein E ɛ2 Is Associated with the White Matter Hyperintensity Multispot Pattern in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:101-109. [PMID: 36495423 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The white matter hyperintensity (WMH) multispot pattern, as multiple punctate subcortical foci, could differentiate cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) from hypertensive arteriolopathy. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology underlying the multispot sign is still inexplicit. We aimed to explore risk factors for multispot patterns in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Between June 2018 and January 2020, we retrospectively rated the WMH multispot pattern while blinded to our prospective spontaneous ICH cohort's clinical data. Demographic, genetic, and neuroimaging characteristics were applied in establishing the multispot pattern models via multiple logistic regression. In total, 268 participants were selected from our cohort. The possession of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 (P = 0.051) was associated with multispot WMH in univariate analysis. Multispot WMHs were accompanied by multiple CAA features, such as centrum semiovale (CSO)-perivascular space (PVS) predominance (P = 0.032) and severe CSO-PVS (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, APOE ε2 possession (OR 2.99, 95% CI [1.07, 8.40]; P = 0.037), severe CSO-PVS (OR 2.39, 95% CI [1.09, 5.26]; P = 0.031), and large posterior subcortical patches (P = 0.001) were independently correlated with the multispot pattern in multivariate analysis. Moreover, APOE ε2 possession (OR 4.34, 95% CI [1.20, 15.62]; P = 0.025) and severe CSO-PVS (OR 3.39, 95% CI [1.23, 9.34]; P = 0.018) remained statistically significant among the participants older than 55 years of age and with categorizable CSVD. APOE ε2 and severe CSO-PVS contribute to the presence of WMH multispot patterns. Because the multispot pattern is a potential diagnostic biomarker in CAA, genetics-driven effects shed light on its underlying vasculopathy. Clinical Trial Registration: URL- http://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-ROC-2000039365. Registration date 2020/10/24 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guini Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Marino C, Perez‐Corredor P, O'Hare M, Heuer A, Chmielewska N, Gordon H, Chandrahas AS, Gonzalez‐Buendia L, Delgado‐Tirado S, Doan TH, Vanderleest TE, Arevalo‐Alquichire S, Obar RA, Ortiz‐Cordero C, Villegas A, Sepulveda‐Falla D, Kim LA, Lopera F, Mahley R, Huang Y, Quiroz YT, Arboleda‐Velasquez JF. APOE Christchurch-mimetic therapeutic antibody reduces APOE-mediated toxicity and tau phosphorylation. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:819-836. [PMID: 37791598 PMCID: PMC10916992 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We discovered that the APOE3 Christchurch (APOE3Ch) variant may provide resistance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This resistance may be due to reduced pathological interactions between ApoE3Ch and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). METHODS We developed and characterized the binding, structure, and preclinical efficacy of novel antibodies targeting human ApoE-HSPG interactions. RESULTS We found that one of these antibodies, called 7C11, preferentially bound ApoE4, a major risk factor for sporadic AD, and disrupts heparin-ApoE4 interactions. We also determined the crystal structure of a Fab fragment of 7C11 and used computer modeling to predict how it would bind to ApoE. When we tested 7C11 in mouse models, we found that it reduced recombinant ApoE-induced tau pathology in the retina of MAPT*P301S mice and curbed pTau S396 phosphorylation in brains of systemically treated APOE4 knock-in mice. Targeting ApoE-HSPG interactions using 7C11 antibody may be a promising approach to developing new therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marino
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paula Perez‐Corredor
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael O'Hare
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Annie Heuer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Natalia Chmielewska
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Harper Gordon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anita S. Chandrahas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lucia Gonzalez‐Buendia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Santiago Delgado‐Tirado
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tri H. Doan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Timothy E. Vanderleest
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Said Arevalo‐Alquichire
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert A. Obar
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Andres Villegas
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Diego Sepulveda‐Falla
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer's DiseaseInstitute of NeuropathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Leo A. Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Robert Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph F. Arboleda‐Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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23
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Edwards L, Thomas KR, Weigand AJ, Edmonds EC, Clark AL, Brenner EK, Banks SJ, Gilbert PE, Nation DA, Delano-Wood L, Bondi MW, Bangen KJ. Pulse pressure and APOE ε4 dose interact to affect cerebral blood flow in older adults without dementia. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav 2024; 6:100206. [PMID: 38328026 PMCID: PMC10847851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed whether the effect of vascular risk on cerebral blood flow (CBF) varies by gene dose of apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 alleles. 144 older adults without dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative underwent arterial spin labeling and T1-weighted MRI, APOE genotyping, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), lumbar puncture, and blood pressure (BP) assessment. Vascular risk was assessed using pulse pressure (systolic BP - diastolic BP). CBF was examined in six AD-vulnerable regions: entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, inferior temporal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, rostral middle frontal gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Linear regressions tested the interaction between APOE ε4 dose and pulse pressure on CBF in each region, adjusting for age, sex, cognitive classification, antihypertensive medication use, FDG-PET, reference CBF region, and AD biomarker positivity. There was a significant interaction between pulse pressure and APOE ɛ4 dose on CBF in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior parietal cortex, such that higher pulse pressure was associated with lower CBF only among ε4 homozygous participants. These findings demonstrate that the association between pulse pressure and regional CBF differs by APOE ε4 dose, suggesting that targeting modifiable vascular risk factors may be particularly important for those genetically at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Edwards
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey R. Thomas
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Weigand
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily C. Edmonds
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Einat K. Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Gilbert
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Nation
- Department of Psychology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W. Bondi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Asiamah EA, Feng B, Guo R, Yaxing X, Du X, Liu X, Zhang J, Cui H, Ma J. The Contributions of the Endolysosomal Compartment and Autophagy to APOEɛ4 Allele-Mediated Increase in Alzheimer's Disease Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1007-1031. [PMID: 38306054 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), although yet-to-be fully understood, increases the risk and lowers the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the major cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways, which are necessary for homeostasis in both neurons and glia, are dysregulated even in early AD. Nonetheless, the contributory roles of these pathways to developing AD-related pathologies in APOE4 individuals and models are unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the dysregulations in the endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways in APOE4 individuals and non-human models, and how these anomalies contribute to developing AD-relevant pathologies. The available literature suggests that APOE4 causes endosomal enlargement, increases endosomal acidification, impairs endosomal recycling, and downregulates exosome production. APOE4 impairs autophagy initiation and inhibits basal autophagy and autophagy flux. APOE4 promotes lysosome formation and trafficking and causes ApoE to accumulate in lysosomes. APOE4-mediated changes in the endosome, autophagosome and lysosome could promote AD-related features including Aβ accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, glial dysfunction, lipid dyshomeostasis, and synaptic defects. ApoE4 protein could mediate APOE4-mediated endosome-lysosome-autophagy changes. ApoE4 impairs vesicle recycling and endosome trafficking, impairs the synthesis of autophagy genes, resists being dissociated from its receptors and degradation, and forms a stable folding intermediate that could disrupt lysosome structure. Drugs such as molecular correctors that target ApoE4 molecular structure and enhance autophagy may ameliorate the endosome-lysosome-autophagy-mediated increase in AD risk in APOE4 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Baofeng Feng
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiyun Guo
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Yaxing
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
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25
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Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Basavaraju N, Kommaddi RP, Issac TG. Association between ApoE ε4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2024; 15:117-125. [PMID: 38476424 PMCID: PMC10927062 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_272_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several genetic factors have been associated with cognitive decline in aging. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 has been widely studied in the risk for pathological cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the association between ApoE ε4 and cognitive functioning in the healthy aging Indian population has been understudied, and the results are ambiguous. Materials and Methods This study aims to examine the role of the ApoE genotype with attentional function in aging adults (≥45 years) in a rural Indian population. Cross-sectional (baseline) data (n = 2100) was utilized from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study on aging (Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence, and Cognition study). Participants hailed from villages of Srinivaspura in Karnataka, southern India. Participants were categorized based on ApoE-ε4 status into three categories: No ε4, heterozygous ε4, and homozygous ε4. Attentional function was assessed using the auditory and visual attention subtests from a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression was performed adjusting for age, gender, and education. Results In model 1 (unadjusted), we did not find an association between ApoE and attention function. In the partially adjusted model 2 (adjusting for age), ApoE ε4 with age was significantly associated with the attention function. Further, with increasing age, there was a decline in attention among homozygous ε4 individuals. Model 3 (model 2 + gender) found that ApoE ε4, age, and gender explained a significant variance in attention function. In addition, with increasing age, males had poor attention in the homozygous as compared to heterozygous group. Model 4 (model 3+ education) explained a significant variance in attention and also revealed that with increasing age, attention declined in the illiterate and low literacy groups in both homozygous and heterozygous groups among both genders. Conclusion Although ApoE ε4 alone was not associated, it interacted with age, gender, and education to affect attention function in this rural Indian population. Longitudinal cognitive monitoring will yield insights into understanding whether the ApoE ε4 genotype influences the rate of cognitive decline in this rural, aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rai
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nimisha Basavaraju
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reddy Peera Kommaddi
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ayyubova G. APOE4 is a Risk Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:342-352. [PMID: 36872358 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230303114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, the main pathological hallmark of which is the loss of neurons, resulting in cognitive and memory impairments. Sporadic late-onset AD is a prevalent form of the disease and the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is the strongest predictor of the disease development. The structural variations of APOE isoforms affect their roles in synaptic maintenance, lipid trafficking, energy metabolism, inflammatory response, and BBB integrity. In the context of AD, APOE isoforms variously control the key pathological elements of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Taking into consideration the limited number of therapy choices that can alleviate symptoms and have little impact on the AD etiology and progression to date, the precise research strategies guided by apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are required to assess the potential risk of age-related cognitive decline in people carrying APOE4 genotype. In this review, we summarize the evidence implicating the significance of APOE isoforms on brain functions in health and pathology with the aim to identify the possible targets that should be addressed to prevent AD manifestation in individuals with the APOE4 genotype and to explore proper treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Ayyubova
- Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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27
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Demby T, Gross PS, Mandelblatt J, Huang JK, Rebeck GW. The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin induces brain senescence, with modulation by APOE genotype. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114609. [PMID: 37944881 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer patients experience serious cognitive problems related to their treatment, which can greatly affect their quality of life. The molecular mechanisms of this cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) are unknown, thus slowing the development of preventative approaches. We hypothesized that cancer chemotherapies could induce cellular senescence in the brain, creating a pro-inflammatory environment and damaging normal brain communication. We tested this hypothesis using the common chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin in two independent mouse models. In the first model, we used mice that express tdTomato under the pdkn2a (p16) promoter; p16 is a regulator of cellular senescence, and its upregulation is denoted by the presence of fluorescently tagged cells. Two weeks after exposure to three doses of 5 mg/kg doxorubicin, the number of tdTomato positive cells were increased nearly three-fold in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. tdTomato staining co-localized with neurons, microglia, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and endothelial cells, but not astrocytes. In the second model, we used APOE knock-in mice, since the APOE4 allele is a risk factor for CICI in humans and mouse models. We isolated RNA from the cerebral cortex of APOE3 and APOE4 mice from one to 21 days after a single dose of 10 mg/kg doxorubicin. Using NanoString analysis of over 700 genes related to neuroinflammation and RT-qPCR analysis of cerebral cortex transcripts, we found two-fold induction of four senescence-related genes at three weeks in the APOE4 mice compared to the APOE3 control mice: p21(cdkn1a), p16, Gadd45a, and Egr1. We conclude that doxorubicin promotes cellular senescence pathways in the brain, supporting the hypothesis that drugs to eliminate senescent cells could be useful in preventing CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Demby
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Phillip S Gross
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Mandelblatt
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Georgetown Lombardi Institute for Cancer and Aging Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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28
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Zhang X, Yuan T, Chen X, Liu X, Hu J, Liu Z. Effects of DHA on cognitive dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: The mediating roles of ApoE. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101256. [PMID: 37890592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise due to the increasing aging population. Among the various genetic factors associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, stands out as the primary genetic risk factor. Specifically, individuals carrying the ApoE4 allele exhibit a significantly higher risk. However, emerging research indicates that dietary factors play a prominent role in modifying the risk of AD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent ω-3 fatty acid, has garnered considerable attention for its potential to ameliorate cognitive function. The intricate interplay between DHA and the ApoE genotype within the brain, which may influence DHA's utilization and functionality, warrants further investigation. This review meticulously examines experimental and clinical studies exploring the effects of DHA on cognitive decline. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the role of ApoE gene polymorphism and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. These studies suggest that early DHA supplementation may confer benefits to cognitively normal older adults carrying the ApoE4 gene. However, once AD develops, ApoE4 non-carriers may experience greater benefits compared to ApoE4 carriers, although the overall effectiveness of DHA supplementation at this stage is limited. Potential mechanisms underlying these differential effects may include accelerated DHA catabolism in ApoE4 carriers, impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and compromised lipidation and circulatory function in ApoE4 carriers. Thus, the supplementation of DHA may represent a potential intervention strategy aimed at compensating for these deficiencies in ApoE4 carriers prior to the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Dongguan Chuangwei Precision Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523170, China; Shaanxi Precision Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710300, China.
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29
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Paradela RS, Justo AFO, Paes VR, Leite REP, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Nitrini R, Jacob-Filho W, Suemoto CK. Association between APOE-ε4 allele and cognitive function is mediated by Alzheimer's disease pathology: a population-based autopsy study in an admixed sample. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:205. [PMID: 38115150 PMCID: PMC10731799 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) is the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may impact cognitive function also via other neuropathological lesions. However, there is limited evidence available from diverse populations, as APOE associations with dementia seem to differ by race. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the pathways linking APOE-ε4 to cognitive abilities through AD and non-AD neuropathology in an autopsy study with an admixed sample. METHODS Neuropathological lesions were evaluated following international criteria using immunohistochemistry. Participants were classified into APOE-ε4 carriers (at least one ε4 allele) and non-carriers. Cognitive abilities were evaluated by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the indirect association of APOE-ε4 with cognition through AD-pathology, lacunar infarcts, hyaline arteriosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), Lewy body disease (LBD), and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). RESULTS We included 648 participants (mean age 75 ± 12 years old, mean education 4.4 ± 3.7 years, 52% women, 69% White, and 28% APOE-ε4 carriers). The association between APOE-ε4 and cognitive abilities was mediated by neurofibrillary tangles (β = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.45; 1.38, p < 0.001) and neuritic plaques (β = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.86; 1.96, p < 0.001). Lacunar infarcts, hyaline arteriosclerosis, CAA, LBD, and TDP-43 were not mediators in the pathway from APOE-ε4 to cognition. CONCLUSION The association between APOE-ε4 and cognitive abilities was partially mediated by AD-pathology. On the other hand, cerebrovascular lesions and other neurodegenerative diseases did not mediate the association between APOE-ε4 and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Silva Paradela
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, room 1355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Vítor Ribeiro Paes
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, room 1355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, room 1355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Eskandari-Sedighi G, Blurton-Jones M. Microglial APOE4: more is less and less is more. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:99. [PMID: 38115077 PMCID: PMC10729371 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the single greatest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the cell-specific effects of APOE on microglia function have remained unclear. Fortunately, two comprehensive new studies published in the latest issue of Nature Immunology have employed complementary gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to provide critical new insight into the impact of microglial APOE on AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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31
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Branciamore S, Gogoshin G, Rodin AS, Myers AJ. The Human Brainome: changes in expression of VGF, SPECC1L, HLA-DRA and RANBP3L act with APOE E4 to alter risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3678057. [PMID: 38168398 PMCID: PMC10760217 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3678057/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
While there are currently over 40 replicated genes with mapped risk alleles for Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the Apolipoprotein E locus E4 haplotype is still the biggest driver of risk, with odds ratios for neuropathologically confirmed E44 carriers exceeding 30 (95% confidence interval 16.59-58.75). We sought to address whether the APOE E4 haplotype modifies expression globally through networks of expression to increase LOAD risk. We have used the Human Brainome data to build expression networks comparing APOE E4 carriers to non-carriers using scalable mixed-datatypes Bayesian network (BN) modeling. We have found that VGF had the greatest explanatory weight. High expression of VGF is a protective signal, even on the background of APOE E4 alleles. LOAD risk signals, considering an APOE background, include high levels of SPECC1L, HLA-DRA and RANBP3L. Our findings nominate several new transcripts, taking a combined approach to network building including known LOAD risk loci.
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32
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Liu S, Yang S, Zhu X, Li X, Zhang X, Zhou X, Cheng H, Huo FQ, Mao Q, Liang L. Spinal apolipoprotein E is involved in inflammatory pain via regulating lipid metabolism and glial activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Biol Direct 2023; 18:85. [PMID: 38071369 PMCID: PMC10710718 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and nerve injury promote astrocyte activation, which regulates the development and resolution of pain, in the spinal dorsal horn. APOE regulates lipid metabolism and is predominantly expressed in the astrocytes. However, the effect of astrocytic APOE and lipid metabolism on spinal cellular function is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spinal Apoe on spinal cellular functions using the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain mouse model. METHODS After intraplantar injection of CFA, we assessed pain behaviors in C57BL6 and Apoe knockout (Apoe-/-) mice using von Frey and Hargreaves' tests and analyzed dorsal horn samples (L4-5) using western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS The Apoe levels were markedly upregulated at 2 h and on days 1 and 3 post-CFA treatment. Apoe was exclusively expressed in the astrocytes. Apoe-/- mice exhibited decreased pain on day 1, but not at 2 h, post-CFA treatment. Apoe-/- mice also showed decreased spinal neuron excitability and paw edema on day 1 post-CFA treatment. Global transcriptomic analysis of the dorsal horn on day 1 post-CFA treatment revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs in Apoe-/- mice were associated with lipid metabolism and the immune system. Astrocyte activation was impaired in Apoe-/- mice on day 1 post-CFA treatment. The intrathecal injection of Apoe antisense oligonucleotide mitigated CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Apoe deficiency altered lipid metabolism in astrocytes, exerting regulatory effects on immune response, astrocyte activation, and neuronal activity and consequently disrupting the maintenance of inflammatory pain after peripheral inflammation. Targeting APOE is a potential anti-nociception and anti-inflammatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kang S, Lee J, Choi S, Nesbitt J, Min PH, Trushina E, Choi DS. Moderate ethanol exposure reduces astrocyte-induced neuroinflammatorysignaling and cognitive decline in presymptomatic APP/PS1 mice. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3627637. [PMID: 38077051 PMCID: PMC10705690 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3627637/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, recent studies demonstrate that moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against dementia and cognitive decline. Methods We examined astrocyte function, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and the NF-κB p65 and IKK-α/β signaling pathways in modulating neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. We assessed apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in the mouse brain using IHC and ELISA in response to moderate ethanol exposure (MEE). First, to confirm the intracerebral distribution of ApoE, we co-stained with GFAP, a marker for astrocytes that biosynthesize ApoE. We sought to investigate whether the ethanol-induced upregulation of LRP1 could potentially inhibit the activity of IL-1β and TNF-α induced IKK-α/β towards NF-κB p65, resulting in a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To evaluate the actual Aβ load in the brains of APP/PS1 mice, we performed with a specific antibody Aβ (Thioflavin S) on both air- and ethanol-exposed groups, subsequently analyzing Aβ levels. We also measured glucose uptake activity using 18F-FDG in APP/PS1 mice. Finally, we investigated whether MEE induced cognitive and memory changes using the Y maze, noble objective recognition (NOR) test, and Morris water maze (MWM). Results Our findings demonstrate that MEE reduced astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ApoE levels in the cortex and hippocampus in presymptomatic APP/PS1 mice. Interestingly, increased LRP1 protein expression is accompanied by dampening the IKK-α/β-NF-κB p65 pathway, resulting in decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in male mice. Notably, female mice show reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4, and IL-10 levels without altering IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations. In both males and females, Aβ plaques, a hallmark of AD, were reduced in the cortex and hippocampus of ethanol-exposed presymptomatic APP/PS1 mice. Consistently, MEE increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-based brain activities and normalized cognitive and memory deficits in the APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MEE may benefit AD pathology via modulating LRP1 expression, potentially reducing neuroinflammation and attenuating Aβ deposition. Our study implies that reduced astrocyte derived ApoE and LDL cholesterol levels are critical for attenuating AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeyeon Lee
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, and Science
| | - Sun Choi
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, and Science
| | | | - Paul H Min
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, and Science
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Lan G, Du J, Chen X, Wang Q, Han Y, Guo T. Association of APOE-ε4 and GAP-43-related presynaptic loss with β-amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:209-219. [PMID: 37852045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) carriers had elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presynaptic protein growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated how the APOE-ε4 genotype affects the baseline and longitudinal changes in CSF GAP-43 and their associations with β-amyloid positron emission tomography (Aβ PET), CSF phosphorylated tau 181 (p-Tau181), neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Compared to APOE-ε4 non-carriers, APOE-ε4 carriers had higher baseline levels and faster rates of increases in Aβ PET, CSF p-Tau181, and CSF GAP-43. Both higher baseline levels and faster rates of increase in CSF GAP-43 were associated with greater baseline Aβ PET and CSF p-Tau181, which fully mediated the APOE-ε4 effect on CSF GAP-43 elevations. Independent of Aβ PET and CSF p-Tau181, APOE-ε4 carriage was associated with exacerbated GAP-43-related longitudinal hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline, especially in Aβ+ participants (GAP-43 × time × APOE-ε4). These findings suggest that the APOE-ε4 effect on GAP-43-related presynaptic dysfunction is mediated by primary Alzheimer's pathologies and independently correlates to hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyong Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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Liemisa B, Newbury SF, Novy MJ, Pasato JA, Morales-Corraliza J, Peng KY, Mathews PM. Brain apolipoprotein E levels in mice challenged by a Western diet increase in an allele-dependent manner. Aging Brain 2023; 4:100102. [PMID: 38058491 PMCID: PMC10696459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the greatest determinant of genetic risk for memory deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While APOE4 drives memory loss and high AD risk, APOE2 leads to healthy brain aging and reduced AD risk compared to the common APOE3 variant. We examined brain APOE protein levels in humanized mice homozygous for these alleles and found baseline levels to be age- and isoform-dependent: APOE2 levels were greater than APOE3, which were greater than APOE4. Despite the understanding that APOE lipoparticles do not traverse the blood-brain barrier, we show that brain APOE levels are responsive to dietary fat intake. Challenging mice for 6 months on a Western diet high in fat and cholesterol increased APOE protein levels in an allele-dependent fashion with a much greater increase within blood plasma than within the brain. In the brain, APOE2 levels responded most to the Western diet challenge, increasing by 20 % to 30 %. While increased lipoparticles are generally deleterious in the periphery, we propose that higher brain APOE2 levels may represent a readily available pool of beneficial lipid particles for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Samantha F. Newbury
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariah J. Novy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Pasato
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katherine Y. Peng
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M. Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Takebayashi Y, Yamazaki Y, Yamada H, Yazawa K, Nakamori M, Kurashige T, Morino H, Takahashi T, Sotomaru Y, Maruyama H. Apolipoprotein E genotype-dependent accumulation of amyloid β in APP-knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 683:149106. [PMID: 37857162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the strongest risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been revealed to cause greater accumulation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates than does APOE3 in traditional transgenic mouse models of AD. However, concerns that the overexpression paradigm might have affected the phenotype remain. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)-knock-in (KI) mice, incorporating APP mutations associated with AD development, offer an alternative approach for overproducing pathogenic Aβ without needing overexpression of APP. Here, we present the results of comprehensive analyses of pathological and biochemical traits in the brains of APP-KI mice harboring APP-associated familial AD mutations (APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice) crossed with human APOE-KI mice. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed the APOE genotype-dependent increase in Aβ pathology and glial activation, which was evident within 8 months in the mouse model. These results suggested that this mouse model may be valuable for investigating APOE pathobiology within a reasonable experimental time frame. Thus, this model can be considered in investigating the interaction between APOE and Aβ in vivo, which may not be addressed appropriately by using other transgenic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takebayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hidetada Yamada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yazawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotomaru
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Gan C, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Huang Q, Guo X. Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy in the Southern Chinese Population. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5549-5558. [PMID: 38034901 PMCID: PMC10683650 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s440103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Common polymorphisms within the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are rs429358 and rs7412, which result in three major alleles (ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4) and six genotypes (E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E3/E4, E4/E4, and E2/E4). Although APOE gene polymorphisms have been suggested to be associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), their potential association remains unclear in different regions. This study aims to unveil the genetic effects of APOE gene polymorphisms on DN susceptibility and serum lipid profiles in southern Chinese population. Methods A total of 306 DN patients and 483 type 2 diabetic patients as controls were included in the study. The APOE gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microarray gene chip. Relevant medical records and information of these participants were collected. Results There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in gender, SBP, hypertension, hyperuricemia, UTP, TG and HDL-C between DN patients and controls. DN patients exhibited a higher frequency of the ε2 allele and E2/E3 genotype than controls (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the ε2 allele and E2/E3 genotype were independent risk factors (adjusted OR: 3.237, 95% CI: 1.789-5.854, p < 0.001; adjusted OR: 3.453, 95% CI: 1.873-6.368, p < 0.001), while the ε3 allele or E3/E3 genotype might serve as protective role (adjusted OR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.255-0.612, p < 0.001) for development of DN. Conclusion Our study indicates a correlation between APOE polymorphisms and DN in the southern Chinese Hakka population. Specifically, individuals carrying the APOE ε2 allele and E2/E3 genotype are at a higher risk of developing DN. Conversely, those with the APOE ε3 allele and E3/E3 genotype have a lower risk of DN in southern Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Gan
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Center of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinmei Zhang
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Center of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianyan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Center of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Center of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Han W, Xiong N, Zhong R, Pan Z. E2/E3 and E3/E4 Genotypes of the Apolipoprotein E are Associated with Higher Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hypertension. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5579-5586. [PMID: 38034897 PMCID: PMC10683662 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s438008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. APOE polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the association between APOE polymorphisms and the risk of DM among the hypertensive patients remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate this relationship to provide clues for further developing DM in hypertensive patients. Methods The study included 808 hypertensive patients with DM and 1226 hypertensive patients without DM as controls. The APOE 388T>C (rs429358) and 526C>T (rs7412) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in APOE genotypes between subjects and controls were compared. To analyze the relationship between APOE genotypes and DM risk, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, and drinking history. Results The APOE E2/E4, E3/E3 genotype and ε2, ε3 allele frequency had significant difference between DM patients and controls (P<0.05). The DM patients with ɛ4 allele had lower level in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher level in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) than those with ɛ2 allele. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the APOE genotype of E2/E3 with adjusted OR=1.350 (95% Cl=1.009-1.806, P=0.043) and E3/E4 with adjusted OR=1.325 (95% Cl=1.034-1699, P=0.026) may be independent risk factors for DM. Conclusion APOE E2/E3 and E3/E4 genotypes may be risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Han
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nating Xiong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renkai Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Pan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Ding Y, Chen H, Yan Y, Qiu Y, Zhao A, Li B, Xu W, Deng Y. Relationship Between FERMT2, CELF1, COPI, CHRNA2, and ABCA7 Genetic Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease Risk in the Southern Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1247-1257. [PMID: 38025799 PMCID: PMC10657721 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-gene inherited disease, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 is a strong risk factor. Other genetic factors are important but limited. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AD in the Southern Chinese populations. Methods We recruited 242 AD patients and 208 controls. The SNaPshot technique was used to detect the SNPs. Results Adjusted for sex and age, we found rs6572869 (FERMT2), rs11604680 (CELF1), and rs1317149 (CELF1) were associated with AD risk in the dominant (rs6572869: p = 0.022, OR = 1.55; rs11604680: p = 0.007, OR = 1.68; rs1317149: p = 0.033, OR = 1.50) and overdominant models (rs6572869: p = 0.001, OR = 1.96; rs11604680: p = 0.002, OR = 1.82; rs1317149: p = 0.003, OR = 1.80). rs9898218 (COPI) was associated with AD risk in the overdominant model (p = 0.004, OR = 1.81). Further, rs2741342 (CHRNA2) was associated with AD protection in the dominant (p = 0.002, OR = 0.5) and additive models (p = 0.002, OR = 0.64). Mutations in rs10742814 (CELF1), rs11039280 (CELF1), and rs3752242 (ABCA7) contributed to AD protection. Among them, rs10742814 (CELF1), rs3752242 (ABCA7), and rs11039280 (CELF1) were more significantly associated with AD carrying APOE ɛ4, whereas rs1317149 (CELF1) showed an opposite trend. Interestingly, rs4147912 (ABCA7) and rs2516049 (HLA-DRB1) were identified to be relevant with AD carrying APOE ɛ4. Using expression quantitative trait locus analysis, we found polymorphisms in CELF1 (rs10742814 and rs11039280), ABCA7 (rs4147912), HLA-DRB1 (rs2516049), and ADGRF4 (rs1109581) correlated with their corresponding gene expression in the brain. Conclusions We identified four risk and four protective SNPs associated with AD in the Southern Chinese population, with different correlations between APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. rs4147912 (ABCA7) and rs2516049 (HLA-DRB1) were associated with AD carrying APOE ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aonan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bonnar O, Shaw K, Anderle S, Grijseels DM, Clarke D, Bell L, King SL, Hall CN. APOE4 expression confers a mild, persistent reduction in neurovascular function in the visual cortex and hippocampus of awake mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1826-1841. [PMID: 37350319 PMCID: PMC10676141 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231172842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular factors are known to be early and important players in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, however the role of the ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene (a risk factor for developing AD) remains unclear. APOE4 genotype is associated with early and severe neocortical vascular deficits in anaesthetised mice, but in humans, vascular and cognitive dysfunction are focused on the hippocampal formation and appear later. How APOE4 might interact with the vasculature to confer AD risk during the preclinical phase represents a gap in existing knowledge. To avoid potential confounds of anaesthesia and to explore regions most relevant for human disease, we studied the visual cortex and hippocampus of awake APOE3 and APOE4-TR mice using 2-photon microscopy of neurons and blood vessels. We found mild vascular deficits: vascular density and functional hyperaemia were unaffected in APOE4 mice, and neuronal or vascular function did not decrease up to late middle-age. Instead, vascular responsiveness was lower, arteriole vasomotion was reduced and neuronal calcium signals during visual stimulation were increased. This suggests that, alone, APOE4 expression is not catastrophic but stably alters neurovascular physiology. We suggest this state makes APOE4 carriers more sensitive to subsequent insults such as injury or beta amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Anderle
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Dori M Grijseels
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Devin Clarke
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Laura Bell
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Sarah L King
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| | - Catherine N Hall
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
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Rasmussen KL, Luo J, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Frikke-Schmidt R. APOE and vascular disease: Sequencing and genotyping in general population cohorts. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117218. [PMID: 37586954 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The apolipoprotein E(APOE) ϵ2/ϵ3/ϵ4 polymorphism plays a central role in lipid metabolism, vascular disease and dementia. The impact of the full range of structural genetic variation in APOE for lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins and for vascular disease in the general population is not known. METHODS We systematically sequenced APOE in 10,296 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and genotyped nine rare variants (frequency≥2/10,296) in 95,227 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. The UK Biobank was used for validation of common APOE variants. RESULTS Rare mutations in APOE, predicted to be deleterious, are present in 1 in 257 individuals in the general population. In the meta-analysis, multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for ϵ44 and ϵ22 versus ϵ33 were 1.15 (1.04-1.26) and 1.02 (0.83-1.24) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), 1.11 (1.04-1.19) and 0.94 (0.83-1.08) for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 1.03 (0.89-1.17) and 1.49 (1.20-1.87) for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). A multifactorially and ϵ2/ϵ3/ϵ4 adjusted weighted allele score on the continuous scale including all common and rare structural variants showed that for individuals with genetically predicted high plasma apoE and remnant cholesterol the risk for PAD was increased. CONCLUSIONS APOE variants with high apoE, triglycerides, and remnant cholesterol are associated with PAD, whereas common APOE variants with high LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and remnant cholesterol are associated with IHD. APOE variants with low apoE are associated with increased risk of ICVD. These findings highlight that both rare and common structural variations in APOE play a role in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang SM, Kang DW, Um YH, Kim S, Lee CU, Lim HK. Functional Connectivity Change Associated With Apolipoprotein E Allotypes Precedes Structural Connectivity and Neurodegeneration in Cognitive Normal Older Adults Without Cerebral Aβ Deposition. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1054-1060. [PMID: 37997333 PMCID: PMC10678152 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is known to influence cerebral functional connectivity (FC) in Alzheimer's disease continuum. We investigated association between APOE allotypes and FC, structural connectivity, and cortical thickness in amyloid-PET negative cognitive normal older adults (CN). METHODS A total of 188 CN (37 had ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3 [ε2 group], 113 had ε3/ε3 [ε3 group], and 38 had ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 [ε4 group]) were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness analysis were used to investigate differences in cortical thickness between three APOE allotypes. To investigate integrity of structural connectivity, we analyzed diffusion weighted imaging using fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. In terms of FC, differences of FC in default mode network (DMN) among APOE allotypes were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, education, cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition severity, or neuropsychological profiles. No significant differences were found in cortical thickness and structural connectivity among the APOE allotypes. However, FC within the DMN was significantly lower in ε4 and ε2 carriers compared to ε3 homozygotes. CONCLUSION This study suggests that both ε4 and ε2 exhibit APOE-associated DMN FC changes before Aβ deposition, structural changes, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Najd-Hassan-Bonab L, Hedayati M, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA, Daneshpour MS. An optimized method for PCR-based genotyping to detect human APOE polymorphisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21102. [PMID: 37954297 PMCID: PMC10637921 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is one of the most polymorphic genes at two single nucleotides (rs429358 and rs7412). The various isoforms of APOE have been associated with a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, type 2 diabetes, etc. Hence, predicting the APOE genotyping is critical for disease risk evaluation. The purpose of this study was to optimize the tetra amplification refractory mutation system (Tetra-ARMS) PCR method for the detection of APOE mutations. Material and methods Here, in our optimized Tetra-ARMS PCR method, different factors like cycle conditions, using HiFidelity enzyme instead of Taq polymerase and setting its best concentration, and the lack of using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for amplifying the GC-regions were set up for all primer pairs. The sensitivity and accuracy were tested. For validation of the assay, the results were compared with known genotypes for the APOE gene that were previously obtained by two independent methods, RFLP and Chip-typing. Results Successful Tetra-ARMS PCR and genotyping are influenced by multiple factors. Our developed method enabled us to amplify the DNA fragment by 25 cycles without adding any hazardous reagent, like DMSO. Our findings showed 100 % accuracy and sensitivity of the optimized Tetra-ARMS PCR while both criteria were 95 % for RFLP and 100 % for the chip-typing method. In addition, our results showed 91 % and 100 % consistency with RFLP and chip typing methods, respectively. Conclusions Our current method is a simple and accurate approach for detecting APOE polymorphisms within a large sample size in a short time and can be performed even in low-tech laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najd-Hassan-Bonab
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Haferkamp U, Hartmann C, Abid CL, Brachner A, Höchner A, Gerhartl A, Harwardt B, Leckzik S, Leu J, Metzger M, Nastainczyk-Wulf M, Neuhaus W, Oerter S, Pless O, Rujescu D, Jung M, Appelt-Menzel A. Human isogenic cells of the neurovascular unit exert transcriptomic cell type-specific effects on a blood-brain barrier in vitro model of late-onset Alzheimer disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:78. [PMID: 37907966 PMCID: PMC10617216 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is impaired in late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), but the associated molecular mechanisms, particularly with respect to the high-risk APOE4/4 genotype, are not well understood. For this purpose, we developed a multicellular isogenic model of the neurovascular unit (NVU) based on human induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS The human NVU was modeled in vitro using isogenic co-cultures of astrocytes, brain capillary endothelial-like cells (BCECs), microglia-like cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), and pericytes. Physiological and pathophysiological properties were investigated as well as the influence of each single cell type on the characteristics and function of BCECs. The barriers established by BCECs were analyzed for specific gene transcription using high-throughput quantitative PCR. RESULTS Co-cultures were found to tighten the barrier of BCECs and alter its transcriptomic profile under both healthy and disease conditions. In vitro differentiation of brain cell types that constitute the NVU was not affected by the LOAD background. The supportive effect of NSCs on the barrier established by BCECs was diminished under LOAD conditions. Transcriptomes of LOAD BCECs were modulated by different brain cell types. NSCs were found to have the strongest effect on BCEC gene regulation and maintenance of the BBB. Co-cultures showed cell type-specific functional contributions to BBB integrity under healthy and LOAD conditions. CONCLUSIONS Cell type-dependent transcriptional effects on LOAD BCECs were identified. Our study suggests that different brain cell types of the NVU have unique roles in maintaining barrier integrity that vary under healthy and LOAD conditions. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Undine Haferkamp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Hartmann
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty of the Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chaudhry Luqman Abid
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty of the Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Brachner
- Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Alevtina Höchner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Gerhartl
- Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Bernadette Harwardt
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty of the Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Selin Leckzik
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty of the Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jennifer Leu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, 1210, Austria
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Matthias Jung
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty of the Martin, Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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Balu D, Valencia-Olvera AC, Nguyen A, Patnam M, York J, Peri F, Neumann F, LaDu MJ, Tai LM. A small-molecule TLR4 antagonist reduced neuroinflammation in female E4FAD mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37858252 PMCID: PMC10585767 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE genotype is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, an effect that is greater in females. Evidence suggests that one-way APOE could modulate AD risk and progression through neuroinflammation. Indeed, APOE4 is associated with higher glial activation and cytokine levels in AD patients and mice. Therefore, identifying pathways that contribute to APOE4-associated neuroinflammation is an important approach for understanding and treating AD. Human and in vivo evidence suggests that TLR4, one of the key receptors involved in the innate immune system, could be involved in APOE-modulated neuroinflammation. Consistent with that idea, we previously demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist IAXO-101 can reduce LPS- and Aβ-induced cytokine secretion in APOE4 glial cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to advance these findings and determine whether IAXO-101 can modulate neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology, and behavior in mice that express APOE4. METHODS We used mice that express five familial AD mutations and human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). Female and male E4FAD mice and female E3FAD mice were treated with vehicle or IAXO-101 in two treatment paradigms: prevention from 4 to 6 months of age or reversal from 6 to 7 months of age. Learning and memory were assessed by modified Morris water maze. Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposition, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble levels of Aβ and apoE, insoluble levels of apoE and Aβ, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. RESULTS IAXO-101 treatment resulted in lower Iba-1 coverage, lower number of reactive microglia, and improved memory in female E4FAD mice in both prevention and reversal paradigms. IAXO-101-treated male E4FAD mice also had lower Iba-1 coverage and reactivity in the RVS paradigm, but there was no effect on behavior. There was also no effect of IAXO-101 treatment on neuroinflammation and behavior in female E3FAD mice. CONCLUSION Our data supports that TLR4 is a potential mechanistic therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and cognition in APOE4 females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ana C Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Austin Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mehul Patnam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Vitali C, Pavanello C, Turri M, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Catapano AL, Baragetti A, Norata GD, Veglia F, Calabresi L. Apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect LCAT-dependent cholesterol esterification. Atherosclerosis 2023; 382:117266. [PMID: 37725860 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS LCAT esterifies cholesterol in both HDL (α-activity) and apoB-containing lipoproteins (β-activity). The main activator of LCAT β-activity is apoE, which in humans exists in 3 main different isoforms (E2, E3 and E4). Here, to gather insights into the potential role of LCAT in apoB-containing lipoprotein metabolism, we investigated the ability of apoE isoforms to promote LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification. METHODS We evaluated the plasma cholesterol esterification rate (CER) in 311 individuals who express functional LCAT and either apoE2, apoE3, or apoE4 and in 28 individuals who also carried LCAT mutations causing selective loss of LCAT α-activity (Fish-Eye Disease (FED)-causing mutations). The association of carrier status with CER was determined using an adjusted linear regression model. The kinetic of LCAT activity towards reconstituted HDLs (rHDLs) containing each apoE isoform was determined using the Michaelis-Menten model. RESULTS Plasma CER was ∼20% higher in apoE2 carriers compared to apoE3 carriers, and ∼30% higher in apoE2 carriers compared to apoE4 carriers. After adjusting for age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB, chronic kidney disease diagnosis, zygosity, and LCAT concentration, CER remained significantly different among carriers of the three apoE isoforms. The same trend was observed in carriers of FED-causing mutations. rHDLs containing apoE2 were associated with a lower affinity but higher maximal esterification rate, compared to particles containing apoE3 or apoE4. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the apoE2 isoform is associated with a higher LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification. This observation may contribute to the characterization of the peculiar functional properties of apoE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Tiwari D, Srivastava G, Indari O, Tripathi V, Siddiqi MI, Jha HC. An in-silico insight into the predictive interaction of Apolipoprotein-E with Epstein-Barr virus proteins and their probable role in mediating Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8918-8926. [PMID: 36307908 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2138978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and its recurrent reactivation could instigate the formation of proteinaceous plaques in the brain: a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly, a major genetic risk factor of AD, the apolipoprotein E (ApoE), could also influence the outcome of EBV infection in an individual. The ApoE is believed to influence the proteinaceous plaque clearance from the brain, and its defective functioning could result in the aggregate deposition. The persistent presence of EBV infection in a genetically predisposed individual could create a perfect recipe for severe neurodegenerative consequences. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the possible interactions between ApoE and various EBV proteins using computational tools. Our results showed possibly stable de-novo interactions between the C-terminal domain of ApoE3 and EBV proteins: EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) and BamHI Z fragment leftward open reading frame-1 (BZLF1). The EBNA1 protein of EBV plays a crucial role in establishing latency and replication of the virus. Whereas BZLF1 is involved in the lytic replication cycle. The proposed interaction of EBV proteins at the ligand-binding site of ApoE3 on CTD could interfere with- its capability to sequester amyloid fragments and, hence their clearance from the brain giving rise to AD pathology. This study provides a new outlook on EBV's underexplored role in AD development and paves the way for novel avenues of investigation which could further our understanding of AD pathogenesis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Gaurava Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Omkar Indari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Ayoubi R, Southern K, Laflamme C. Identification of high-performing antibodies for Apolipoprotein E for use in Western Blot and immunoprecipitation. F1000Res 2023; 12:810. [PMID: 38161428 PMCID: PMC10755264 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133899.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E is a secreted protein involved in mediating lipid distribution and metabolism among cells of specific tissues. The dysregulation of Apolipoprotein E can disturb cholesterol homeostasis, resulting in several diseases, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. The therapeutic potential of Apolipoprotein E against these diseases demonstrates the importance of providing high-quality antibodies for this protein to the scientific community. In this study, we characterized fourteen Apolipoprotein E commercial antibodies for Western Blot and immunoprecipitation, using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. We identified many high-performing antibodies and encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibody for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Ayoubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Kathleen Southern
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carl Laflamme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - NeuroSGC/YCharOS collaborative group
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Fan H, Huang D, He Y, Tang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Hao D. Curcumin-activated Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating Microglia Polarization Through APOE/TREM2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:476-494. [PMID: 37658943 PMCID: PMC10577109 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of curcumin-activated olfactory ensheathing cells (aOECs) improved functional recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Nevertheless, little is known considering the underlying mechanisms. At the present study, we investigated the promotion of regeneration and functional recovery after transplantation of aOECs into rats with SCI and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Primary OECs were prepared from the olfactory bulb of rats, followed by treatment with 1µM CCM at 7-10 days of culture, resulting in cell activation. Concomitantly, rat SCI model was developed to evaluate the effects of transplantation of aOECs in vivo. Subsequently, microglia were isolated, stimulated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h to polarize to M1 phenotype and treated by aOECs conditional medium (aOECs-CM) and OECs conditional medium (OECs-CM), respectively. Changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypic markers expression were detected using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Finally, a series of molecular biological experiments including knock-down of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and analysis of the level of apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of involvement of CCM-activated OECs in modulating microglia polarization, leading to neural regeneration and function recovery. CCM-activated OECs effectively attenuated deleterious inflammation by regulating microglia polarization from the pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype in SCI rats and facilitated functional recovery after SCI. In addition, microglial polarization to M2 elicited by aOECs-CM in LPS-induced microglia was effectively reversed when TREM2 expression was downregulated. More importantly, the in vitro findings indicated that aOECs-CM potentiating LPS-induced microglial polarization to M2 was partially mediated by the TREM2/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Besides, the expression of APOE significantly increased in CCM-treated OECs. CCM-activated OECs could alleviate inflammation after SCI by switching microglial polarization from M1 to M2, which was likely mediated by the APOE/TREM2/NF-κB pathway, and thus ameliorated neurological function. Therefore, the present finding is of paramount significance to enrich the understanding of underlying molecular mechanism of aOECs-based therapy and provide a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Hong Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Dageng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yuqing He
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xiangwen Tang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Basic Medical School Academy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 China
| | - Yixiang Ai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Department of spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
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Paradela RS, Farias-Itao DS, Leite REP, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Nitrini R, Jacob-Filho W, Suemoto CK. Apolipoprotein E ε2 allele is associated with lower risk of carotid artery obstruction in a population-based autopsy study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107229. [PMID: 37531722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been associated with higher carotid atherosclerosis risk, while the APOE-ε2 seems to decrease this risk. Data from autopsy studies, where carotid arteries can be evaluated in their full extension, is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the association between APOE alleles and direct morphometric measurements of carotid atherosclerosis in an autopsy study with an admixed sample. METHODS We measured the intima-media thickness (IMT) and stenosis of the common (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries. The APOE polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were classified into three groups according to the APOE alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). We evaluated the association between APOE groups and carotid atherosclerosis using adjusted regression models and included interaction terms of APOE alleles with age, sex, and race. RESULTS We evaluated 1,850 carotid artery samples from 185 participants (mean age=75±12 years old, 55% female, and 71% White). The APOE-ε2 group (n=17) had a lower carotid obstruction and a lower number of severe stenoses (≥ 70%). Having at least one ε4 allele (n=51) was not associated with carotid atherosclerosis. APOE alleles were also not associated with carotid IMT. Age, sex, and race did not modify these relationships. CONCLUSION APOE-ε2 carriers had a lower percentage of carotid obstruction and less severe stenosis. APOE-ε4 was not related to a higher risk of carotid atherosclerosis in this cross-sectional population-based autopsy study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
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