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Yuan Y, Fang A, Wang Z, Chen H, Fu ZF, Zhou M, Zhao L. The matrix protein of lyssavirus hijacks autophagosome for efficient egress by recruiting NEDD4 through its PPxY motif. Autophagy 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38566321 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2338575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyssaviruses are well-known worldwide and often cause fatal encephalitis. Previous studies have shown that autophagy is beneficial for the replication of rabies virus (RABV), the representative lyssavirus, but the detailed mechanism remains obscure. In this study, we showed that the rabies virus matrix protein (RABV-M) used its PPxY motif to interact with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4. NEDD4 then recruited MAP1LC3/LC3 via its LC3-interacting region (LIR). Interestingly, after binding to the ubiquitinated RABV-M, NEDD4 could bind more LC3 and enhance autophagosome accumulation, while NEDD4 knockdown significantly reduced M-induced autophagosome accumulation. Further study revealed that RABV-M prevented autophagosome-lysosome fusion and facilitated viral budding. Inhibition of RABV-M-induced autophagosome accumulation reduced the production of extracellular virus-like particles. We also found that M proteins of most lyssaviruses share the same mechanism to accumulate autophagosome by hijacking NEDD4. Collectively, this study revealed a novel strategy for lyssaviruses to achieve efficient viral replication by exploiting the host autophagy system.Abbreviations: ABLV: Australian bat lyssavirus; ATG5: autophagy related 5; Baf A1:bafilomycin A1;co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI:4',6-diamidino-2'-phenylindole; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EBLV:European bat lyssavirus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST:glutathione S-transferase; hpi: hours post-infection; hpt: hourspost-transfection; LIR: LC3-interactingregion;MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mCherry:red fluorescent protein; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NC: negativecontrol; MVB: multivesicular body; NEDD4: neural precursorcell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4; RABV: rabies virus;SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; VLP: virus-like particle; VPS4B: vacuolarprotein sorting 4B; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WB:western blotting; WT: wild-type; μm: micrometer; μM: micromole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - An Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Yong X, Liu J, Zeng Y, Nie J, Cui X, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Kang W, Yang Z, Liu Y. Safety and immunogenicity of a heterologous booster with an RBD virus-like particle vaccine following two- or three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2267869. [PMID: 37854013 PMCID: PMC10588526 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2267869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
LYB001 is an innovative recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that displays a repetitive array of the spike glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) on a virus-like particle (VLP) vector to boost the immune system, produced using Covalink plug-and-display protein binding technology. LYB001's safety and immunogenicity were assessed in 119 participants receiving a booster with (1) 30 μg LYB001 (I-I-30 L) or CoronaVac (I-I-C), (2) 60 μg LYB001 (I-I-60 L) or CoronaVac in a ratio of 2:1 after two-dose primary series of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and (3) 30 μg LYB001 (I-I-I-30 L) after three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. A well-tolerated reactogenicity profile was observed for LYB001 as a heterologous booster, with adverse reactions being predominantly mild in severity and transient. LYB001 elicited a substantial increase in terms of the neutralizing antibody response against prototype SARS-CoV-2 28 days after booster, with GMT (95%CI) of 1237.8 (747.2, 2050.6), 554.3 (374.6, 820.2), 181.9 (107.6, 307.6), and 1200.2 (831.5, 1732.3) in the I-I-30 L, I-I-60 L, I-I-C, and I-I-I-30 L groups, respectively. LYB001 also elicited a cross-neutralizing antibody response against the BA.4/5 strain, dominant during the study period, with GMT of 201.1 (102.7, 393.7), 63.0 (35.1, 113.1), 29.2 (16.9, 50.3), and 115.3 (63.9, 208.1) in the I-I-30 L, I-I-60 L, I-I-C, and I-I-I-30 L groups, respectively, at 28 days after booster. Additionally, RBD-specific IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 secreting T cells dramatically increased at 14 days after a single LYB001 booster. Our data confirmed the favorable safety and immunogenicity profile of LYB001 and supported the continued clinical development of this promising candidate that utilizes the VLP platform to provide protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yong
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People’s Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Yantai Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People’s Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Cui
- Department of Medicine, Chongqing Medleader Bio-Pharm Co. Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Chongqing Medleader Bio-Pharm Co. Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Chongqing Medleader Bio-Pharm Co. Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chongqing Medleader Bio-Pharm Co. Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Yantai Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine and Registration, Yantai Patronus Biotech Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Chongqing Medleader Bio-Pharm Co. Ltd, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Hsieh SY, Savva GM, Telatin A, Tiwari SK, Tariq MA, Newberry F, Seton KA, Booth C, Bansal AS, Wileman T, Adriaenssens EM, Carding SR. Investigating the Human Intestinal DNA Virome and Predicting Disease-Associated Virus-Host Interactions in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17267. [PMID: 38139096 PMCID: PMC10744171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the human virome, and which of its constituents, contributes to health or disease states is reliant on obtaining comprehensive virome profiles. By combining DNA viromes from isolated virus-like particles (VLPs) and whole metagenomes from the same faecal sample of a small cohort of healthy individuals and patients with severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), we have obtained a more inclusive profile of the human intestinal DNA virome. Key features are the identification of a core virome comprising tailed phages of the class Caudoviricetes, and a greater diversity of DNA viruses including extracellular phages and integrated prophages. Using an in silico approach, we predicted interactions between members of the Anaerotruncus genus and unique viruses present in ME/CFS microbiomes. This study therefore provides a framework and rationale for studies of larger cohorts of patients to further investigate disease-associated interactions between the intestinal virome and the bacteriome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Hsieh
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - George M. Savva
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (G.M.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Telatin
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Sumeet K. Tiwari
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Mohammad A. Tariq
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Fiona Newberry
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Katharine A. Seton
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Catherine Booth
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (G.M.S.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Thomas Wileman
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Evelien M. Adriaenssens
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (S.-Y.H.); (A.T.); (S.K.T.); (M.A.T.); (F.N.); (K.A.S.); (T.W.)
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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4
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Miura K, Suzuki Y, Ishida K, Arakawa M, Wu H, Fujioka Y, Emi A, Maeda K, Hamajima R, Nakano T, Tenno T, Hiroaki H, Morita E. Distinct motifs in the E protein are required for SARS-CoV-2 virus particle formation and lysosomal deacidification in host cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0042623. [PMID: 37830820 PMCID: PMC10617393 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00426-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global public health crisis. The E protein, a structural protein found in this virus particle, is also known to be a viroporin. As such, it forms oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell membrane. However, the relationship between these two functions is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that the roles of E protein in virus particle and viroporin formation are distinct. This study contributes to the development of drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus particle formation. Additionally, we designed a highly sensitive and high-throughput virus-like particle detection system using the HiBiT tag, which is a useful tool for studying the release of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Miura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fujioka
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akino Emi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryusei Hamajima
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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5
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Zak AJ, Hoang T, Yee CM, Rizvi SM, Prabhu P, Wen F. Pseudotyping Improves the Yield of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) as Tools for Vaccine and Therapeutic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14622. [PMID: 37834067 PMCID: PMC10572262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been proposed as an attractive tool in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, both as (1) a vaccine candidate with high immunogenicity and low reactogenicity and (2) a substitute for live virus in functional and neutralization assays. Though multiple SARS-CoV-2 VLP designs have already been explored in Sf9 insect cells, a key parameter ensuring VLPs are a viable platform is the VLP spike yield (i.e., spike protein content in VLP), which has largely been unreported. In this study, we show that the common strategy of producing SARS-CoV-2 VLPs by expressing spike protein in combination with the native coronavirus membrane and/or envelope protein forms VLPs, but at a critically low spike yield (~0.04-0.08 mg/L). In contrast, fusing the spike ectodomain to the influenza HA transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail and co-expressing M1 increased VLP spike yield to ~0.4 mg/L. More importantly, this increased yield translated to a greater VLP spike antigen density (~96 spike monomers/VLP) that more closely resembles that of native SARS-CoV-2 virus (~72-144 Spike monomers/virion). Pseudotyping further allowed for production of functional alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 VLPs that bound to the target ACE2 receptor. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of pseudotyped VLPs to test neutralizing antibody activity using a simple, acellular ELISA-based assay performed at biosafety level 1 (BSL-1). Taken together, this study highlights the advantage of pseudotyping over native SARS-CoV-2 VLP designs in achieving higher VLP spike yield and demonstrates the usefulness of pseudotyped VLPs as a surrogate for live virus in vaccine and therapeutic development against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (P.P.)
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6
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Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most prevalent tick-borne viral disease affecting humans. The disease is life-threatening in many regions of the developing world, including Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Southern Europe. In line with the rapidly increasing disease prevalence, various vaccine strategies are under development. Despite a large number of potential vaccine candidates, there are no approved vaccines as of yet. This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of current efforts to develop vaccines against CCHFV, limitations associated with current efforts, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Ahata
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Health Institutes of Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Günseli Bayram Akçapınar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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7
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Hirschberg S, Ghazaani F, Ben Amor G, Pydde M, Nagel A, Germani S, Monica L, Schlör A, Bauer H, Hornung J, Voetz M, Dwai Y, Scheer B, Ringel F, Kamal-Eddin O, Harms C, Füner J, Adrian L, Pruß A, Schulze-Forster K, Hanack K, Kamhieh-Milz J. An Efficient and Scalable Method for the Production of Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLP) from a Mammalian Suspension Cell Line. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1469. [PMID: 37766145 PMCID: PMC10535180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants poses a continuing threat to human health. Vaccination has become the primary therapeutic intervention. The goal of the current work was the construction of immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs). Here, we describe a human cell line for cost-efficient and scalable production of immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 VLPs. The modular design of the VLP-production platform facilitates rapid adaptation to new variants. Methods: The N, M-, and E-protein genes were integrated into the genome of Expi293 cells (ExpiVLP_MEN). Subsequently, this cell line was further modified for the constitutive expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The resulting cell line (ExpiVLP_SMEN) released SARS-CoV-2 VLP upon exposure to doxycycline. ExpiVLP_SMEN cells were readily adapted for VLP production in a 5 L bioreactor. Purified VLPs were quantified by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis and visualized by electron microscopy. Immunogenicity was tested in mice. Results: The generated VLPs contained all four structural proteins, are within the size range of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, and reacted strongly and specifically with immunoserum from naturally infected individuals. The VLPs were stable in suspension at 4 °C for at least 10 weeks. Mice immunized with VLPs developed neutralizing antibodies against lentiviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The flexibility of the VLP-production platform was demonstrated by the rapid switch of the spike protein to a new variant of concern (BA.1/Omicron). The present study describes an efficient, scalable, and adaptable production method of immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 VLPs with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hirschberg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Preclinics Certified Products GmbH, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Saveria Germani
- Preclinics Gesellschaft für Präklinische Forschung mbH, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lara Monica
- Preclinics Gesellschaft für Präklinische Forschung mbH, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Yamen Dwai
- Preclinics Gesellschaft für Präklinische Forschung mbH, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin Scheer
- Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Harms
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin with Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Füner
- Preclinics Gesellschaft für Präklinische Forschung mbH, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katja Hanack
- New/Era/Mabs GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DHS—Diagnostic HealthCare Solutions GmbH, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Drosophila X virus-like particles as delivery carriers for improved oral insecticidal efficacy of scorpion Androctonus australis peptide against the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Insect Sci 2023. [PMID: 37681406 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect-specific neurotoxic peptides derived from the venoms of scorpions and spiders can cause acute paralysis and death when injected into insects, offering a promising insecticidal component for insect pest control. However, effective delivery systems are required to help neurotoxic peptides pass through the gut barrier into the hemolymph, where they can act. Here, we investigated the potential of a novel nanocarrier, Drosophila X virus-like particle (DXV-VLP), for delivering a neurotoxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaIT) against the invasive pest fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Our results show that the fusion proteins of DXV polyproteins with AaIT peptide at their C-termini could be sufficiently produced in Lepidoptera Hi5 cells in a soluble form using the recombinant baculovirus expression system, and could self-assemble into VLPs with similar particle morphology and size to authentic DXV virions. In addition, the AaIT peptides displayed on DXV-VLPs retained their toxicity, as demonstrated in injection bioassays that resulted in severe mortality (72%) in adults after 72 h. When fed to adults, mild mortality was observed in the group treated with DXV-AaIT (38%), while no mortality occurred in the group treated with AaIT peptide, thus indicating the significant role of DXV-VLPs in delivering AaIT peptides. Overall, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that VLPs can be exploited to enhance oral delivery of insect-specific neurotoxic peptides in the context of pest control. Moreover, it provides insights for further improvements and potentially the development of neurotoxin-based bioinsecticides and/or transgenic crops for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Plant and insect virus-like particles: emerging nanoparticles for agricultural pest management. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:2975-2991. [PMID: 37103223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a biodegradable, biocompatible nanomaterial made from viral coat proteins that can improve the delivery of antigens, drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances, with most applications in human and veterinary medicine. Regarding agricultural viruses, many insect and plant virus coat proteins have been shown to assemble into VLPs accurately. In addition, some plant virus-based VLPs have been used in medical studies. However, to our knowledge, the potential application of plant/insect virus-based VLPs in agriculture remains largely underexplored. This review focuses on why and how to engineer coat proteins of plant/insect viruses as functionalized VLPs, and how to exploit VLPs in agricultural pest control. The first part of the review describes four different engineering strategies for loading cargo at the inner or the outer surface of VLPs depending on the type of cargo and purpose. Second, the literature on plant and insect viruses the coat proteins of which have been confirmed to self-assemble into VLPs is reviewed. These VLPs are good candidates for developing VLP-based agricultural pest control strategies. Lastly, the concepts of plant/insect virus-based VLPs for delivering insecticidal and antiviral components (e.g., double-stranded RNA, peptides, and chemicals) are discussed, which provides future prospects of VLP application in agricultural pest control. In addition, some concerns are raised about VLP production on a large scale and the short-term resistance of hosts to VLP uptake. Overall, this review is expected to stimulate interest and research exploring plant/insect virus-based VLP applications in agricultural pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Viscidi RP, Rowley T, Bossis I. Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9851. [PMID: 37372999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective T cell vaccines are needed for the treatment or prevention of cancers as well as infectious agents where vaccines for neutralizing antibodies have performed poorly. Recent research highlights an important role for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in protective immunity and the role of a subset of dendritic cells that are capable of cross-priming for the induction of TRM cells. However, efficient vaccine technologies that operate through cross-priming and induce robust CD8+ T cell responses are lacking. We developed a platform technology by genetically engineering the bovine papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein to insert a polyglutamic acid/cysteine motif in place of wild-type amino acids in the HI loop. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by self-assembly in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. Polyarginine/cysteine-tagged antigens are linked to the VLP by a reversible disulfide bond. The VLP possesses self-adjuvanting properties due to the immunostimulatory activity of papillomavirus VLPs. Polyionic VLP vaccines induce robust CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood and tumor tissues. A prostate cancer polyionic VLP vaccine was more efficacious than other vaccines and immunotherapies for the treatment of prostate cancer in a physiologically relevant murine model and successfully treated more advanced diseases than the less efficacious technologies. The immunogenicity of polyionic VLP vaccines is dependent on particle size, reversible linkage of the antigen to the VLP, and an interferon type 1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/7-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Treva Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry & Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Hassebroek AM, Sooryanarain H, Heffron CL, Hawks SA, LeRoith T, Cecere TE, Stone WB, Walter D, Mahsoub HM, Wang B, Tian D, Ivester HM, Allen IC, Auguste AJ, Duggal NK, Zhang C, Meng XJ. A hepatitis B virus core antigen-based virus-like particle vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell epitopes induces epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but confers limited protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28503. [PMID: 36655751 PMCID: PMC9974889 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) tolerates insertion of foreign epitopes and maintains its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). We constructed a ∆HBcAg-based VLP vaccine expressing three predicted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B and T cell epitopes and determined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The recombinant ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form VLPs. K18-hACE2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with ∆HBcAg VLP control (n = 15) or ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine (n = 15). One week after the 2nd booster and before virus challenge, five ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated mice were euthanized to evaluate epitope-specific immune responses. There is a statistically significant increase in epitope-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response, and statistically higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels in ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP-vaccinated mice compared to ∆HBcAg VLP controls. While not statistically significant, the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP mice had numerically more memory CD8+ T-cells, and 3/5 mice also had numerically higher levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). After challenge with SARS-CoV-2, ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 immunized mice had numerically lower viral RNA loads in the lung, and slightly higher survival, but the differences are not statistically significant. These results indicate that the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine elicits epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but they were insufficient against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hassebroek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Harini Sooryanarain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - C. Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Seth A. Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - William B. Stone
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debra Walter
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hassan M. Mahsoub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Nisha K. Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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12
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Sun H, Acharya D, Paul AM, Lai H, He J, Bai F, Chen Q. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Activity of a Plant-Made Vaccine against West Nile Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:197. [PMID: 36851075 PMCID: PMC9966755 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) causes annual outbreaks globally and is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in Unite States. In the absence of licensed therapeutics, there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe human vaccines against WNV. One of the major safety concerns for WNV vaccine development is the risk of increasing infection by related flaviviruses in vaccinated subjects via antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). Herein, we report the development of a plant-based vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against a lethal WNV challenge mice, while minimizes the risk of ADE for infection by Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) virus. Specifically, a plant-produced virus-like particle (VLP) that displays the WNV Envelope protein domain III (wDIII) elicited both high neutralizing antibody titers and antigen-specific cellular immune responses in mice. Passive transfer of serum from VLP-vaccinated mice protected recipient mice from a lethal challenge of WNV infection. Notably, VLP-induced antibodies did not enhance the infection of Fc gamma receptor-expressing K562 cells by ZIKV or DENV through ADE. Thus, a plant-made wDIII-displaying VLP presents a promising WNV vaccine candidate that induces protective immunity and minimizes the concern of inducing ADE-prone antibodies to predispose vaccinees to severe infection by DENV or ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Amber M. Paul
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Huafang Lai
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Junyun He
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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13
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Armero-Gimenez J, Wilbers R, Schots A, Williams C, Finnern R. Rapid screening and scaled manufacture of immunogenic virus-like particles in a tobacco BY-2 cell-free protein synthesis system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088852. [PMID: 36776898 PMCID: PMC9909599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccine platforms have been developed to fight pathogenic threats, with Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) representing a very promising alternative to traditional platforms. VLPs trigger strong and lasting humoral and cellular immune responses with fewer safety concerns and higher stability than other platforms. The use of extensively characterized carrier VLPs modified with heterologous antigens was proposed to circumvent the viral complexity of specific viruses that could lead to poor VLP assembly and yields. Although carrier VLPs have been successfully produced in a wide variety of cell-based systems, these are limited by low protein yields and protracted clone selection and optimization workflows that limit VLP screening approaches. In response, we have demonstrated the cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) of several variants of the hepatitis B core (HBc) carrier VLP using a high-yielding tobacco BY-2 lysate (BYL). High VLP yields in the BYL system allowed in-depth characterization of HBc variants. Insertion of heterologous sequences at the spike region of the HBc monomer proved more structurally demanding than at the N-terminus but removal of the C-terminal domain allowed higher particle flexibility and insert acceptance, albeit at the expense of thermal and chemical stability. We also proved the possibility to scale the CFPS reaction up to 1L in batch mode to produce 0.45 grams of the native HBc VLP within a 48-hour reaction window. A maximum yield of 820 µg/ml of assembled VLP particles was observed at the 100µl scale and most remarkably the CFPS reaction was successfully scaled from 50µl to 1L without any reduction in protein yield across this 20,000-fold difference in reaction volumes. We subsequently proved the immunogenicity of BYL-derived VLPs, as flow cytometry and microscopy clearly showed prompt recognition and endocytosis of fluorescently labelled VLPs by human dendritic cells. Triggering of inflammatory cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also quantitated using a multiplex assay. This research establishes BYL as a tool for rapid production and microscale screening of VLP variants with subsequent manufacturing possibilities across scales, thus accelerating discovery and implementation of new vaccine candidates using carrier VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Armero-Gimenez
- Technology center, LenioBio GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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14
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Goksøyr L, Skrzypczak M, Sampson M, Nielsen MA, Salanti A, Theander TG, Remaley AT, De Jongh WA, Sander AF. A cVLP-Based Vaccine Displaying Full-Length PCSK9 Elicits a Higher Reduction in Plasma PCSK9 Than Similar Peptide-Based cVLP Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010002. [PMID: 36679847 PMCID: PMC9864010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of PCSK9-specific monoclonal antibodies, as well as peptide-based PCSK9 vaccines, can lower plasma LDL cholesterol by blocking PCSK9. However, these treatments also cause an increase in plasma PCSK9 levels, presumably due to the formation of immune complexes. Here, we utilize a versatile capsid virus-like particle (cVLP)-based vaccine platform to deliver both full-length (FL) PCSK9 and PCSK9-derived peptide antigens, to investigate whether induction of a broader polyclonal anti-PCSK9 antibody response would mediate more efficient clearance of plasma PCSK9. This head-to-head immunization study reveals a significantly increased capacity of the FL PCSK9 cVLP vaccine to opsonize and clear plasma PCSK9. These findings may have implications for the design of PCSK9 and other vaccines that should effectively mediate opsonization and immune clearance of target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maureen Sampson
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hirschberg S, Bauer H, Kamhieh-Milz J, Ringel F, Harms C, Eddin OK, Pruß A, Hanack K, Schulze-Forster K. SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) Specifically Detect Humoral Immune Reactions in an ELISA-Based Platform. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36546901 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy subjects, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and forty-four samples more than three weeks after infection. All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein. Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 100% for the certified IVD. There were seven samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA demonstrated a superior performance, with a sensitivity of 97.5%, a specificity of 100%, and only three uncertain outcomes. This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen.
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Vo TP, Panicker G, Braz-Gomes K, Parenky AC, Rajbhandari I, Rajeevan MS, Unger ER, D'Souza MJ, Uddin MN. Enhanced Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Microparticulate HPV16 Vaccines Administered via the Transdermal Route. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1128. [PMID: 36145349 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer among women and is associated with other anogenital cancers in men and women. Prophylactic particulate vaccines that are affordable, self-administered and efficacious could improve uptake of HPV vaccines world-wide. The goal of this research is to develop a microparticulate HPV16 vaccine for transdermal administration using AdminPatch® and assess its immunogenicity in a pre-clinical mouse model. HPV16 microparticles were prepared using a biocompatible polymer and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and microparticle yield. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to confirm particle image and to visualize the conformation of HPV16 vaccine particles released from microparticle formulation. In vivo studies performed to evaluate the potential of the microparticulate vaccine initiated a robust and sustained immune response. HPV16 IgG antibodies were significantly elevated in the microparticle group compared to antigen solutions administered by the transdermal route. Results show significant expansion of CD4+, CD45R, CD27 and CD62L cell populations in the vaccinated mice group, indicating the high efficacy of the microparticulate vaccine when administered via transdermal route. The findings of this study call attention to the use of minimally invasive, pain-free routes to deliver vaccine.
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17
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Lyu P, Lu B. New Advances in Using Virus-like Particles and Related Technologies for Eukaryotic Genome Editing Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158750. [PMID: 35955895 PMCID: PMC9369418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The designer nucleases, including Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas), have been widely used for mechanistic studies, animal model generation, and gene therapy development. Clinical trials using designer nucleases to treat genetic diseases or cancers are showing promising results. Despite rapid progress, potential off-targets and host immune responses are challenges to be addressed for in vivo uses, especially in clinical applications. Short-term expression of the designer nucleases is necessary to reduce both risks. Currently, delivery methods enabling transient expression of designer nucleases are being pursued. Among these, virus-like particles as delivery vehicles for short-term designer nuclease expression have received much attention. This review will summarize recent developments in using virus-like particles (VLPs) for safe delivery of gene editing effectors to complement our last review on the same topic. First, we introduce some background information on how VLPs can be used for safe and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. Then, we summarize recently developed virus-like particles as genome editing vehicles. Finally, we discuss applications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-7276; Fax: +1-336-713-7290
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18
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Yong CY, Liew WPP, Ong HK, Poh CL. Development of virus-like particles-based vaccines against coronaviruses. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3292. [PMID: 35932092 PMCID: PMC9537895 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are the most impactful coronaviruses in human history, especially the latter, which brings revolutionary changes to human vaccinology. Due to its high infectivity, the virus spreads rapidly throughout the world and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. A vaccine would normally take more than 10 years to be developed. As such, there is no vaccine available for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. Currently, 10 vaccines have been approved for emergency use by World Health Organization (WHO) against SARS‐CoV‐2. Virus‐like particle (VLP)s are nanoparticles resembling the native virus but devoid of the viral genome. Due to their self‐adjuvanting properties, VLPs have been explored extensively for vaccine development. However, none of the approved vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 was based on VLP and only 4% of the vaccine candidates in clinical trials were based on VLPs. In the current review, we focused on discussing the major advances in the development of VLP‐based vaccine candidates against the SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2, including those in clinical and pre‐clinical studies, to give a comprehensive overview of the VLP‐based vaccines against the coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie Pui Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li M, Liang Z, Chen C, Yu G, Yao Z, Guo Y, Zhang L, Bao H, Fu D, Yang X, Wang H, Xue C, Sun B. Virus-Like Particle-Templated Silica-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines with Enhanced Humoral and Cellular Immunity. ACS Nano 2022; 16:10482-10495. [PMID: 35763693 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral proteins that represent a superior form of antigens in vaccine formulations. To enhance immunogenicity, adjuvants, especially the aluminum salts (Alum), are essentially formulated in VLP vaccines. However, Alum only induce biased humoral immune responses that limits further applications of VLP-based vaccines. To stimulate more balanced immunity, we, herein, develop a one-step strategy of using VLPs as the biotemplates to synthesize raspberry-like silica-adjuvanted VLP@Silica nanovaccines. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs and human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV 18) VLPs are selected as model templates. Circular dichroism (CD) and affinity analyses demonstrate that HBsAg VLPs in the nanovaccines maintain their secondary structure and immunogenicity, respectively. VLP@Silica promote silica dissolution-induced lysosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of antigens, and enhance the secretion of both Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Additionally, they could improve antigen trafficking and mediate DC activation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Vaccination study demonstrate that both HBsAg VLP@Silica and HPV 18 VLP@Silica nanovaccines induce enhanced antigen-specific antibody productions and T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses. This design strategy can utilize VLPs derived from a diversity of viruses or their variants as templates to construct both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines with improved immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Hang Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Duo Fu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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Chu PY, Huang HW, Boonchan M, Tyan YC, Louis KL, Lee KM, Motomura K, Ke LY. Mass Spectrometry-Based System for Identifying and Typing Norovirus Major Capsid Protein VP1. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112332. [PMID: 34835138 PMCID: PMC8624548 DOI: 10.3390/v13112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus-associated diseases are the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods are the primary diagnostics for clinical samples; however, the high mutation rate of norovirus makes viral amplification and genotyping challenging. Technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS) make it a promising tool for identifying disease markers. Besides, the superior sensitivity of MS and proteomic approaches may enable the detection of all variants. Thus, this study aimed to establish an MS-based system for identifying and typing norovirus. We constructed three plasmids containing the major capsid protein VP1 of the norovirus GII.4 2006b, 2006a, and 2009a strains to produce virus-like particles for use as standards. Digested peptide signals were collected using a nano-flow ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nano-UPLC/MSE) system, and analyzed by ProteinLynx Global SERVER and TREE-PUZZLE software. Results revealed that the LC/MSE system had an excellent coverage rate: the system detected more than 94% of amino acids of 3.61 femtomole norovirus VP1 structural protein. In the likelihood-mapping analysis, the proportions of unresolved quartets were 2.9% and 4.9% in the VP1 and S domains, respectively, which is superior to the 15.1% unresolved quartets in current PCR-based methodology. In summary, the use of LC/MSE may efficiently monitor genotypes, and sensitively detect structural and functional mutations of noroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (K.L.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Wen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Michittra Boonchan
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi 11004, Thailand;
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Kevin Leroy Louis
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (K.L.L.)
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi 11004, Thailand;
- Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (L.-Y.K.); Tel.: +81-669721321 (K.M.); +886-73121101 (ext. 2297) (L.-Y.K.)
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (K.L.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (L.-Y.K.); Tel.: +81-669721321 (K.M.); +886-73121101 (ext. 2297) (L.-Y.K.)
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Abstract
Spatial partitioning of chemical processes is an important attribute of many biological systems, the effect of which is reflected in the high efficiency of enzymes found within otherwise chaotic cellular environments. Barriers, often provided through the formation of compartments or phase segregation, gate the access of macromolecules and small molecules within the cell and provide an added level of metabolic control. Taking inspiration from nature, we have designed virus-like particles (VLPs) as nanoreactor compartments that sequester enzyme catalysts and have used these as building blocks to construct 3D protein macromolecular framework (PMF) materials, which are structurally characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The highly charged PMFs form a separate phase in suspension, and by tuning the ionic strength, we show positively charged molecules preferentially partition into the PMF, while negatively charged molecules are excluded. This molecular partitioning was exploited to tune the catalytic activity of enzymes enclosed within the individual particles in the PMF, the results of which showed that positively charged substrates had turnover rates that were 8500× faster than their negatively charged counterparts. Moreover, the catalytic PMF led to cooperative behavior resulting in charge dependent trends opposite to those observed with individual P22 nanoreactor particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California 93740, Unites States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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22
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Yang MH, Hu CC, Wong CH, Liang JJ, Ko HY, He MH, Lin YL, Lin NS, Hsu YH. Convenient Auto-Processing Vector Based on Bamboo Mosaic Virus for Presentation of Antigens Through Enzymatic Coupling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739837. [PMID: 34721406 PMCID: PMC8551676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new binary epitope-presenting CVP platform based on bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) by using the sortase A (SrtA)-mediated ligation technology. The reconstructed BaMV genome harbors two modifications: 1) a coat protein (CP) with N-terminal extension of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease recognition site plus 4 extra glycine (G) residues as the SrtA acceptor; and 2) a TEV protease coding region replacing that of the triple-gene-block proteins. Inoculation of such construct, pKB5G, on Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the efficient production of filamentous CVPs ready for SrtA-mediated ligation with desired proteins. The second part of the binary platform includes an expression vector for the bacterial production of donor proteins. We demonstrated the applicability of the platform by using the recombinant envelope protein domain III (rEDIII) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as the antigen. Up to 40% of the BaMV CP subunits in each CVP were loaded with rEDIII proteins in 1 min. The rEDIII-presenting BaMV CVPs (BJLPET5G) could be purified using affinity chromatography. Immunization assays confirmed that BJLPET5G could induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against JEV infections. The binary platform could be adapted as a useful alternative for the development and mass production of vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoacyltransferases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/blood
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/immunology
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/genetics
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Potexvirus/enzymology
- Potexvirus/genetics
- Potexvirus/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/immunology
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Virion/enzymology
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hzeng Wong
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun He
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Ortega-Rivera OA, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. A single-dose, implant-based, trivalent virus-like particle vaccine against "cholesterol checkpoint" proteins. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2021; 4:2100014. [PMID: 34541299 PMCID: PMC8447230 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally. Lowering cholesterol levels in plasma is the mainstay therapy; however lifelong treatment and adverse effects call for improved therapeutic interventions. We developed a trivalent vaccine candidate targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Vaccine candidates were developed using bacteriophage Qβ-based virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying antigens of PCKS9, ApoB, and CETP, respectively. Vaccine candidate mixtures were formulated as slow-release PLGA:VLP implants using hot-melt extrusion. The delivery of the trivalent vaccine candidate via the implant produced antibodies against the cholesterol checkpoint proteins at levels comparable to a three-dose injection schedule with soluble mixtures. The reduction in PCSK9 and ApoB levels in plasma, inhibition of CETP (in vitro), and total plasma cholesterol decrease was achieved. All-together, we present a platform technology for a single-dose multi-target vaccination platform targeting cholesterol checkpoint proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
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Long Z, Li X, Li X, Liu J, Nie J, Li C, Li Y, Huang T, Huang W. [Quantitative analysis of nine types of virus-like particles in human papilloma virus bulk by size-exclusion chromatography]. Se Pu 2021; 39:424-9. [PMID: 34227763 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
据统计,5%以上的人类癌症由人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)导致。HPV疫苗的使用,尤其是多价HPV疫苗的使用,可有效预防HPV感染和肿瘤的发生。例如,9价HPV疫苗可有效预防90%以上HPV相关癌前病变。人乳头瘤病毒样颗粒(VLP)是HPV疫苗的唯一抗原。VLP由360份衣壳蛋白L1组成。VLP的含量测定对HPV原液和HPV疫苗的质量评价至关重要。该文发展了一种以体积排阻色谱(SEC)为基础的9种型别人乳头病毒样颗粒的定量方法。实验优化了包括色谱柱类型、色谱柱孔径、流动相离子强度和流动相pH值在内的色谱条件。经过考察,以SHIMSEN Ankylo SEC-300色谱柱(300 mm×7.8 mm, 3 μm)为固定相,以含有300 mmol/L NaCl和50 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 7.0)的缓冲溶液为流动相时,VLP的色谱峰更窄,从而可获得更高的响应和更好的灵敏度,因此选择该色谱条件用于VLP与基质的分离。优化所得的方法具有较宽的线性范围,良好的重复性(峰面积的相对标准偏差不大于5.0%)和灵敏度(定量限为4.58~15.24 μg/mL)。将方法用于HPV原液中VLP的含量测定,监测VLP的稳定性。结果显示,HPV原液中VLP颗粒不稳定,于4 ℃放置一周后,VLP含量与生产后立即测得的含量相比存在一定程度的降解。此外,方法还可用于疫苗上清液中游离蛋白质的分析,监测铝佐剂对VLP的吸附情况。被测厂家的铝佐剂可较好的吸附VLP,无明显残余蛋白质检出。与传统的蛋白质定量方法相比,如Folin-酚法(Lowry法),该法具有操作简单、自动化程度高、分析通量高等优点,可实现VLP含量的批量化分析。
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Kurtovic L, Wetzel D, Reiling L, Drew DR, Palmer C, Kouskousis B, Hanssen E, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Suckow M, Jenzelewski V, Piontek M, Chan JA, Beeson JG. Novel Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Encoding the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum Is Immunogenic and Induces Functional Antibody Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641421. [PMID: 33815393 PMCID: PMC8010251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RTS,S is the leading malaria vaccine in development, but has demonstrated only moderate protective efficacy in clinical trials. RTS,S is a virus-like particle (VLP) that uses the human hepatitis B virus as scaffold to display the malaria sporozoite antigen, circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Particle formation requires four-fold excess scaffold antigen, and as a result, CSP represents only a small portion of the final vaccine construct. Alternative VLP or nanoparticle platforms that reduce the amount of scaffold antigen and increase the amount of the target CSP antigen present in particles may enhance vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Here, we describe the production and characterization of a novel VLP that uses the small surface antigen (dS) of duck hepatitis B virus to display CSP. The CSP-dS fusion protein successfully formed VLPs without the need for excess scaffold antigen, and thus CSP represented a larger portion of the vaccine construct. CSP-dS formed large particles approximately 31-74 nm in size and were confirmed to display CSP on the surface. CSP-dS VLPs were highly immunogenic in mice and induced antibodies to multiple regions of CSP, even when administered at a lower vaccine dosage. Vaccine-induced antibodies demonstrated relevant functional activities, including Fc-dependent interactions with complement and Fcγ-receptors, previously identified as important in malaria immunity. Further, vaccine-induced antibodies had similar properties (epitope-specificity and avidity) to monoclonal antibodies that are protective in mouse models. Our novel platform to produce VLPs without excess scaffold protein has wide implications for the future development of vaccines for malaria and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriye Kurtovic
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Immunology and Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Linda Reiling
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien R. Drew
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Eric Hanssen
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Immunology and Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Immunology and Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jo-Anne Chan
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Immunology and Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James G. Beeson
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Immunology and Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Sari‐Ak D, Bufton J, Gupta K, Garzoni F, Fitzgerald D, Schaffitzel C, Berger I. VLP-factory™ and ADDomer © : Self-assembling Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Technologies for Multiple Protein and Peptide Epitope Display. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e55. [PMID: 33729713 PMCID: PMC9733710 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) play a prominent role in vaccination as safe and highly versatile alternatives to attenuated or inactivated viruses or subunit vaccines. We present here two innovations, VLP-factory™ and ADDomer© , for creating VLPs displaying entire proteins or peptide epitopes as antigens, respectively, to enable efficient vaccination. For producing these VLPs, we use MultiBac, a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) that we developed for producing complex protein biologics in insect cells transfected with an engineered baculovirus. VLPs are protein assemblies that share features with viruses but are devoid of genetic material, and thus considered safe. VLP-factory™ represents a customized MultiBac baculovirus tailored to produce enveloped VLPs based on the M1 capsid protein of influenza virus. We apply VLP-factory™ to create an array of influenza-derived VLPs presenting functional mutant influenza hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein variants. Moreover, we describe MultiBac-based production of ADDomer© , a synthetic self-assembling adenovirus-derived protein-based VLP platform designed to display multiple copies of pathogenic epitopes at the same time on one particle for highly efficient vaccination. © 2021 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: VLP-factory™ baculoviral genome generation Basic Protocol 2: Influenza VLP array generation using VLP-factory™ Basic Protocol 3: Influenza VLP purification Basic Protocol 4: ADDomer© BioBrick design, expression, and purification Basic Protocol 5: ADDomer© candidate vaccines against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari‐Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Joshua Bufton
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBioUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,School of Biochemistry, Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBioUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,School of Biochemistry, Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Frederic Garzoni
- Imophoron Ltd, St. Philips CentralSt. PhilipsBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBioUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,School of Biochemistry, Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Imre Berger
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBioUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,School of Biochemistry, Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal BiologyUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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27
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Abstract
The side effects of chemotherapy can be reduced by targeting tumor cells with an enzyme (or the corresponding gene) that converts a nontoxic prodrug into a toxic drug inside the tumor cells, also killing the surrounding tumor cells via the bystander effect. Viruses are the most efficient gene delivery vehicles because they have evolved to transfer their own nucleic acids into cells, but their efficiency must be balanced against the risks of infection, the immunogenicity of nucleic acids, and the potential for genomic integration. We therefore tested the effectiveness of genome-free virus-like particles (VLPs) for the delivery of Herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK), the most common enzyme used in prodrug conversion therapy. HSV1-TK is typically delivered as a gene, but in the context of VLPs, it must be delivered as a protein. We constructed VLPs and smaller core-like particles (CLPs) based on Bluetongue virus, with HSV1-TK fused to the inner capsid protein VP3. TK-CLPs and TK-VLPs could be produced in large quantities in plants. The TK-VLPs killed human glioblastoma cells efficiently in the presence of ganciclovir, with an IC50 value of 14.8 μM. Conversely, CLPs were ineffective because they remained trapped in the endosomal compartment, in common with many synthetic nanoparticles. VLPs are advantageous because they can escape from endosomes and therefore allow HSV1-TK to access the cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for the phosphorylation of ganciclovir. The VLP delivery strategy of TK protein therefore offers a promising new modality for the treatment of cancer with systemic prodrugs such as ganciclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Thuenemann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Colney, United Kingdom
| | - Duc H T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.25), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Colney, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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28
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He J, Lai H, Esqueda A, Chen Q. Plant-Produced Antigen Displaying Virus-Like Particles Evokes Potent Antibody Responses against West Nile Virus in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 33477363 PMCID: PMC7830312 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)-based virus-like particle (VLP) that displays the West Nile virus (WNV) Envelope protein domain III (wDIII) as a vaccine candidate for WNV. The HBcAg-wDIII fusion protein was quickly produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and reached a high expression level of approximately 1.2 mg of fusion protein per gram of leaf fresh weight within six days post gene infiltration. Electron microscopy and gradient centrifugation analysis indicated that the introduction of wDIII did not interfere with VLP formation and HBcAg-wDIII successfully assembled into VLPs. HBcAg-wDIII VLPs can be easily purified in large quantities from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to >95% homogeneity. Further analysis revealed that the wDIII was displayed properly and demonstrated specific binding to an anti-wDIII monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformational epitope of wDIII. Notably, HBcAg-wDIII VLPs were shown to be highly immunogenic and elicited potent humoral responses in mice with antigen-specific IgG titers equivalent to that of protective wDIII antigens in previous studies. Thus, our wDIII-based VLP vaccine offers an attractive option for developing effective, safe, and low-cost vaccines against WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyun He
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.H.); (H.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Huafang Lai
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.H.); (H.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Adrian Esqueda
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.H.); (H.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.H.); (H.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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29
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Plescia CB, David EA, Patra D, Sengupta R, Amiar S, Su Y, Stahelin RV. SARS-CoV-2 viral budding and entry can be modeled using BSL-2 level virus-like particles. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100103. [PMID: 33214224 PMCID: PMC7832013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. Research on SARS-CoV-2, as well as the closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses, is restricted to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification makes SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the United States; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. However, a minimal system capable of recapitulating different steps of the viral life cycle without using the virus' genetic material could increase accessibility. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form virus-like particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions. These systems should be useful to those looking to circumvent BSL-3 work with SARS-CoV-2 yet study the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters and exits human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Plescia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dhabaleswar Patra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ranjan Sengupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Souad Amiar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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30
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Lyu P, Wang L, Lu B. Virus-Like Particle Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery for Efficient and Safe Genome Editing. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:366. [PMID: 33371215 PMCID: PMC7766694 DOI: 10.3390/life10120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of designer nucleases has made genome editing much more efficient than before. The designer nucleases have been widely used for mechanistic studies, animal model generation and gene therapy development. However, potential off-targets and host immune responses are issues still need to be addressed for in vivo uses, especially clinical applications. Short term expression of the designer nucleases is necessary to reduce both risks. Currently, various delivery methods are being developed for transient expression of designer nucleases including Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZNF), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas). Recently, virus-like particles are being used for gene editing. In this review, we will talk through commonly used genome editing nucleases, discuss gene editing delivery tools and review the latest literature using virus-like particles to deliver gene editing effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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31
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Hankaniemi MM, Baikoghli MA, Stone VM, Xing L, Väätäinen O, Soppela S, Sioofy-Khojine A, Saarinen NVV, Ou T, Anson B, Hyöty H, Marjomäki V, Flodström-Tullberg M, Cheng RH, Hytönen VP, Laitinen OH. Structural Insight into CVB3-VLP Non-Adjuvanted Vaccine. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091287. [PMID: 32846899 PMCID: PMC7565060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M. Hankaniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (V.P.H.); Tel.: +358-504176882 (M.M.H.); +358-401901517 (V.P.H.)
| | - Mo A. Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.B.); (L.X.); (T.O.); (B.A.); (R.H.C.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, P.O. Box 20, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia M. Stone
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.M.S.); (M.F.-T.)
| | - Li Xing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.B.); (L.X.); (T.O.); (B.A.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Outi Väätäinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
| | - Saana Soppela
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
| | - Amirbabak Sioofy-Khojine
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
| | - Niila V. V. Saarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
| | - Tingwei Ou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.B.); (L.X.); (T.O.); (B.A.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Brandon Anson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.B.); (L.X.); (T.O.); (B.A.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
- Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.M.S.); (M.F.-T.)
| | - R. Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.B.); (L.X.); (T.O.); (B.A.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
- Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (V.P.H.); Tel.: +358-504176882 (M.M.H.); +358-401901517 (V.P.H.)
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (O.V.); (S.S.); (A.S.-K.); (N.V.V.S.); (H.H.); (O.H.L.)
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32
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Han Z, Ruthel G, Dash S, Berry CT, Freedman BD, Harty RN, Shtanko O. Angiomotin regulates budding and spread of Ebola virus. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8596-8601. [PMID: 32381509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac120.013171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) VP40 matrix protein (eVP40) orchestrates assembly and budding of virions in part by hijacking select WW-domain-bearing host proteins via its PPxY late (L)-domain motif. Angiomotin (Amot) is a multifunctional PPxY-containing adaptor protein that regulates angiogenesis, actin dynamics, and cell migration/motility. Amot also regulates the Hippo signaling pathway via interactions with the WW-domain-containing Hippo effector protein Yes-associated protein (YAP). In this report, we demonstrate that endogenous Amot is crucial for positively regulating egress of eVP40 virus-like particles (VLPs) and for egress and spread of authentic EBOV. Mechanistically, we show that ectopic YAP expression inhibits eVP40 VLP egress and that Amot co-expression rescues budding of eVP40 VLPs in a dose-dependent and PPxY-dependent manner. Moreover, results obtained with confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy suggested that Amot's role in actin organization and dynamics also contributes to promoting eVP40-mediated egress. In summary, these findings reveal a functional and competitive interplay between virus and host proteins involving the multifunctional PPxY-containing adaptor Amot, which regulates both the Hippo pathway and actin dynamics. We propose that our results have wide-ranging implications for understanding the biology and pathology of EBOV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Han
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Abstract
The WW domain is a modular protein structure that recognizes the proline-rich Pro-Pro-x-Tyr (PPxY) motif contained in specific target proteins. The compact modular nature of the WW domain makes it ideal for mediating interactions between proteins in complex networks and signaling pathways of the cell (e.g. the Hippo pathway). As a result, WW domains play key roles in a plethora of both normal and disease processes. Intriguingly, RNA and DNA viruses have evolved strategies to hijack cellular WW domain-containing proteins and thereby exploit the modular functions of these host proteins for various steps of the virus life cycle, including entry, replication, and egress. In this review, we summarize key findings in this rapidly expanding field, in which new virus-host interactions continue to be identified. Further unraveling of the molecular aspects of these crucial virus-host interactions will continue to enhance our fundamental understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these viruses. We anticipate that additional insights into these interactions will help support strategies to develop a new class of small-molecule inhibitors of viral PPxY-host WW-domain interactions that could be used as antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671.,Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077.,Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077.,Laboratory of Cancer Signaling and Domainopathies, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive #04-01, Singapore 117597.,Mechanobiology Institute, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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34
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Zhao H, Datta SAK, Kim SH, To SC, Chaturvedi SK, Rein A, Schuck P. Nucleic acid-induced dimerization of HIV-1 Gag protein. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16480-16493. [PMID: 31570521 PMCID: PMC6851336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag is a highly flexible multidomain protein that forms the protein lattice of the immature HIV-1 virion. In vitro, it reversibly dimerizes, but in the presence of nucleic acids (NAs), it spontaneously assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs). High-resolution structures have revealed intricate details of the interactions of the capsid (CA) domain of Gag and the flanking spacer peptide SP1 that stabilize VLPs, but much less is known about the assembly pathway and the interactions of the highly flexible NA-binding nucleocapsid (NC) domain. Here, using a novel hybrid fluorescence proximity/sedimentation velocity method in combination with calorimetric analyses, we studied initial binding events by monitoring the sizes and conformations of complexes of Gag with very short oligonucleotides. We observed that high-affinity binding of oligonucleotides induces conformational changes in Gag accompanied by the formation of complexes with a 2:1 Gag/NA stoichiometry. This NA-liganded dimerization mode is distinct from the widely studied dimer interface in the CA domain and from protein interactions arising in the SP1 region and may be mediated by protein-protein interactions localized in the NC domain. The formation of the liganded dimer is strongly enthalpically driven, resulting in higher dimerization affinity than the CA-domain dimer. Both detailed energetic and conformational analyses of different Gag constructs revealed modulatory contributions to NA-induced dimerization from both matrix and CA domains. We hypothesize that allosterically controlled self-association represents the first step of VLP assembly and, in concert with scaffolding along the NA, can seed the formation of two-dimensional arrays near the NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Siddhartha A K Datta
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Sung H Kim
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Samuel C To
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sumit K Chaturvedi
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alan Rein
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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35
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Keshavarz M, Namdari H, Arjeini Y, Mirzaei H, Salimi V, Sadeghi A, Mokhtari-Azad T, Rezaei F. Induction of protective immune response to intranasal administration of influenza virus-like particles in a mouse model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16643-16652. [PMID: 30784082 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics, which remains a nonignorable serious concern for public health worldwide. To combat the surge of viral outbreaks, new treatments are urgently needed. Here, we design a new vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) and show how intranasal administration of this vaccine triggers protective immunity, which can be exploited for the development of new therapies. H1N1 VLPs were produced in baculovirus vectors and were injected into BALB/c mice by the intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) route. We found that there were significantly higher inflammatory cell and lymphocyte concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage samples and the lungs of IN immunized mice; however, the IM group had little signs of inflammatory responses. On the basis of our results, immunization with H1N1 influenza VLP elicited a strong T cell immunity in BALB/c mice. Despite T cell immunity amplification after both IN and IM vaccination methods in mice, IN-induced T cell responses were significantly more intense than IM-induced responses, and this was likely related to an increased number of both CD11bhigh and CD103+ dendritic cells in mice lungs after IN administration of VLP. Furthermore, evaluation of interleukin-4 and interferon gamma cytokines along with several chemokine receptors showed that VLP vaccination via IN and IM routes leads to a greater CD4+ Th1 and Th2 response, respectively. Our findings indicated that VLPs represent a potential strategy for the development of an effective influenza vaccine; however, employing relevant routes for vaccination can be another important part of the universal influenza vaccine puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Haideh Namdari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Arjeini
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Sadeghi
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,National Influenza Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,National Influenza Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Schädler J, Sigrist B, Meier SM, Albini S, Wolfrum N. Virus-like particles in a new vaccination approach against infectious laryngotracheitis. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1013-1026. [PMID: 31099737 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (syn. infectious laryngotracheitis virus; ILTV) is the causative agent of infectious laryngotracheitis, a respiratory disease of chickens causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry every year. Currently, the most efficient way to achieve protection against infection is immunization with live-attenuated vaccines. However, this vaccination strategy entails the risk of generating new pathogenic viruses resulting from spontaneous mutations or from recombination with field strains. This work presents a new approach based on virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying ILTV glycoproteins B (gB) or G (gG) on their surface. The main focus of this pilot study was to determine the tolerability of VLPs delivered in ovo and intramuscularly (i.m.) into chickens and to investigate the nature of the immune response elicited. The study revealed that the new vaccines were well tolerated in hybrid layer chicks independent of the administration method (in ovo or i.m.). Upon in ovo injection, vaccination with VLP-gG led to an antibody response, while a cellular immune response in VLP-gB-immunized chickens was hardly detectable. Since the administration of VLPs had no visible side effects in vivo and was shown to elicit an antibody-based immune response, we anticipate that VLPs will become a valuable platform for the development of new safe vaccines for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schädler
- 1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Sigrist
- 1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Meier
- 1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Albini
- 1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Wolfrum
- 1 National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases (NRGK), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mohsen MO, Gomes AC, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. Interaction of Viral Capsid-Derived Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) with the Innate Immune System. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030037. [PMID: 30004398 PMCID: PMC6161069 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from viral nucleocapsids are an important class of nanoparticles. The structure, uniformity, stability, and function of these VLPs have attracted scientists in utilizing them as a unique tool in various applications in biomedical fields. Their interaction with the innate immune system is of major importance for the adaptive immune response they induce. The innate immune cells and molecules recognize and interact with VLPs on the basis of two major characteristics: size and surface geometry. This review discusses the interaction of viral capsid-derived VLPs with the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
- Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ariane C Gomes
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Monique Vogel
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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McCoy K, Uchida M, Lee B, Douglas T. Templated Assembly of a Functional Ordered Protein Macromolecular Framework from P22 Virus-like Particles. ACS Nano 2018; 12:3541-3550. [PMID: 29558117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up construction of mesoscale materials using biologically derived nanoscale building blocks enables engineering of desired physical properties using green production methods. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are exceptional building blocks due to their monodispersed sizes, geometric shapes, production ease, proteinaceous composition, and our ability to independently functionalize the interior and exterior interfaces. Here a VLP, derived from bacteriophage P22, is used as a building block for the fabrication of a protein macromolecular framework (PMF), a tightly linked 3D network of functional protein cages that exhibit long-range order and catalytic activity. Assembly of PMFs was electrostatically templated, using amine-terminated dendrimers, then locked into place with a ditopic cementing protein that binds to P22. Long-range order is preserved on removal of the dendrimer, leaving a framework material composed completely of protein. Encapsulation of β-glucosidase enzymes inside of P22 VLPs results in formation of stable, condensed-phase materials with high local concentration of enzymes generating catalytically active PMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McCoy
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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Liu J, Dai S, Wang M, Hu Z, Wang H, Deng F. Virus like particle-based vaccines against emerging infectious disease viruses. Virol Sin 2016; 31:279-87. [PMID: 27405928 PMCID: PMC7090901 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to human health. Most severe viral disease outbreaks occur in developing regions where health conditions are poor. With increased international travel and business, the possibility of eventually transmitting infectious viruses between different countries is increasing. The most effective approach in preventing viral diseases is vaccination. However, vaccines are not currently available for numerous viral diseases. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are engineered vaccine candidates that have been studied for decades. VLPs are constructed by viral protein expression in various expression systems that promote the selfassembly of proteins into structures resembling virus particles. VLPs have antigenicity similar to that of the native virus, but are non-infectious as they lack key viral genetic material. VLP vaccines have attracted considerable research interest because they offer several advantages over traditional vaccines. Studies have shown that VLP vaccines can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, which may offer effective antiviral protection. Here we review recent developments with VLP-based vaccines for several highly virulent emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases. The infectious agents discussed include RNA viruses from different virus families, such as the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Togaviridae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Correa AMS, Ainsworth TD, Rosales SM, Thurber AR, Butler CR, Vega Thurber RL. Viral Outbreak in Corals Associated with an In Situ Bleaching Event: Atypical Herpes-Like Viruses and a New Megavirus Infecting Symbiodinium. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 26941712 PMCID: PMC4761846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of coral viruses have employed either microscopy or metagenomics, but few have attempted to comprehensively link the presence of a virus-like particle (VLP) to a genomic sequence. We conducted transmission electron microscopy imaging and virome analysis in tandem to characterize the most conspicuous viral types found within the dominant Pacific reef-building coral genus Acropora. Collections for this study inadvertently captured what we interpret as a natural outbreak of viral infection driven by aerial exposure of the reef flat coincident with heavy rainfall and concomitant mass bleaching. All experimental corals in this study had high titers of viral particles. Three of the dominant VLPs identified were observed in all tissue layers and budding out from the epidermis, including viruses that were ∼70, ∼120, and ∼150 nm in diameter; these VLPs all contained electron dense cores. These morphological traits are reminiscent of retroviruses, herpesviruses, and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), respectively. Some 300–500 nm megavirus-like VLPs also were observed within and associated with dinoflagellate algal endosymbiont (Symbiodinium) cells. Abundant sequence similarities to a gammaretrovirus, herpesviruses, and members of the NCLDVs, based on a virome generated from five Acropora aspera colonies, corroborated these morphology-based identifications. Additionally sequence similarities to two diagnostic genes, a MutS and (based on re-annotation of sequences from another study) a DNA polymerase B gene, most closely resembled Pyramimonas orientalis virus, demonstrating the association of a cosmopolitan megavirus with Symbiodinium. We also identified several other virus-like particles in host tissues, along with sequences phylogenetically similar to circoviruses, phages, and filamentous viruses. This study suggests that viral outbreaks may be a common but previously undocumented component of natural bleaching events, particularly following repeated episodes of multiple environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M S Correa
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA; BioSciences at Rice, Rice UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Tracy D Ainsworth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andrew R Thurber
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christopher R Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA; Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California at DavisDavis, CA, USA
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Tripathi L, Mani S, Raut R, Poddar A, Tyagi P, Arora U, de Silva A, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Pichia pastoris-expressed dengue 3 envelope-based virus-like particles elicit predominantly domain III-focused high titer neutralizing antibodies. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1005. [PMID: 26441930 PMCID: PMC4585145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a serious public health risk to nearly half the global population. It causes ~400 million infections annually and is considered to be one of the fastest spreading vector-borne diseases. Four distinct serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) cause dengue disease, which may be either mild or extremely severe. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), by pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies, is considered to be the major mechanism underlying severe disease. This mandates that a preventive vaccine must confer simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four prevalent DENV serotypes. Recently, we used Pichia pastoris, to express recombinant DENV-2 E ectodomain, and found that it assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs), in the absence of prM, implicated in the elicitation of ADE-mediating antibodies. These VLPs elicited predominantly type-specific neutralizing antibodies that conferred significant protection against lethal DENV-2 challenge, in a mouse model. The current work is an extension of this approach to develop prM-lacking DENV-3 E VLPs. Our data reveal that P. pastoris-produced DENV-3 E VLPs not only preserve the antigenic integrity of the major neutralizing epitopes, but also elicit potent DENV-3 virus-neutralizing antibodies. Further, these neutralizing antibodies appear to be exclusively directed toward domain III of the DENV-3 E VLPs. Significantly, they also lack discernible ADE potential toward heterotypic DENVs. Taken together with the high productivity of the P. pastoris expression system, this approach could potentially pave the way toward developing a DENV E-based, inexpensive, safe, and efficacious tetravalent sub-unit vaccine, for use in resource-poor dengue endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lav Tripathi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Rajendra Raut
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Poornima Tyagi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi India ; Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad India ; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled structures derived from viral antigens that mimic the native architecture of viruses but lack the viral genome. VLPs have emerged as a premier vaccine platform due to their advantages in safety, immunogenicity, and manufacturing. The particulate nature and high-density presentation of viral structure proteins on their surface also render VLPs as attractive carriers for displaying foreign epitopes. Consequently, several VLP-based vaccines have been licensed for human use and achieved significant clinical and economical success. The major challenge, however, is to develop novel production platforms that can deliver VLP-based vaccines while significantly reducing production times and costs. Therefore, this review focuses on the essential role of plants as a novel, speedy and economical production platform for VLP-based vaccines. The advantages of plant expression systems are discussed in light of their distinctive posttranslational modifications, cost-effectiveness, production speed, and scalability. Recent achievements in the expression and assembly of VLPs and their chimeric derivatives in plant systems as well as their immunogenicity in animal models are presented. Results of human clinical trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy of plant-derived VLPs are also detailed. Moreover, the promising implications of the recent creation of "humanized" glycosylation plant lines as well as the very recent approval of the first plant-made biologics by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for plant production and commercialization of VLP-based vaccines are discussed. It is speculated that the combined potential of plant expression systems and VLP technology will lead to the emergence of successful vaccines and novel applications of VLPs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
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