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Hu P, Liang H, Kong B, Lv J, Qileng A, Zhu H, Liu Y. Real-time monitoring of pork freshness using polyvinyl alcohol/modified agar multilayer gas-sensitive labels. Food Chem 2024; 449:139245. [PMID: 38583402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Accurate consumer perception of food packages should provide real-time feedback on any changes inside food packaging. Hence, a new multilayer gas-sensitive label (POA-12) was prepared using a layer-by-layer pouring method for simple, visual, and real-time detection of pork's freshness, while the front side was developed by immobilizing red carbon dots and fluorescein isothiocyanate in POA as indicator for volatile nitrogen, and the back side was created using bromothymol blue in POA as pH indicator. The swelling index of the multilayer gas-sensitive labels reduced from 159.19% to 148.36%, and the tensile strength increased from 25.52 MPa to 42.61 MPa. In addition, the POA-12 multilayer label showed a red-to-yellow fluorescence change as TVB-N increased from 6.84 to 31.4 and a yellow-brown-to-blue-green color change as pH increased from 5.74 to 7.24 when detecting pork samples. Thus, it provides dual-indicator monitoring that improves the accuracy and reliability of assessing the freshness of high-protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puli Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Beier Kong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinjiang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aori Qileng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongshuai Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Yingju Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Pourbadiei B, Eftekhari-Sis B, Kordzadeh A, Pourjavadi A. Simultaneous detection of mercury and cadmium ions: A colorimetric method in aqueous media. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21674. [PMID: 38034750 PMCID: PMC10682545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hg and Cd are the two most toxic heavy metal ions that could be found in aqueous solutions. In this study, a chemosensor based on 5-(4-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (DOT) was reported to detect these ions simultaneously. DOT showed high selectivity towards Hg ion by changing the color of the solution from beige to gold-yellow at different concentrations of Hg ion. In comparison, other relevant metals, such as Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Pb4+, Mn2+, and Cd2+ did not affect the color of the DOT solution as the interfering ions. Despite no changes in the color of DOT solution in the presence of Cd ion, a solution containing DOT-Hg complex was changed from gold-yellow to orange by adding Cd ion, providing an approach for detecting Hg and Cd ion simultaneously with UV-Vis and Fluorescent spectroscopy. DOT exhibited a high association constant with a detection limit of 0.05 μM for Hg and Cd ions in an aqueous solution. The results of quantum mechanics (QM) calculations were also consistent with the experimental observations, which indicated that changes in the band gap could explain the various colors of DOT complex with metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Pourbadiei
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-9516, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Kordzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-9516, Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-9516, Iran
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Miura K, Suzuki Y, Ishida K, Arakawa M, Wu H, Fujioka Y, Emi A, Maeda K, Hamajima R, Nakano T, Tenno T, Hiroaki H, Morita E. Distinct motifs in the E protein are required for SARS-CoV-2 virus particle formation and lysosomal deacidification in host cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0042623. [PMID: 37830820 PMCID: PMC10617393 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00426-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global public health crisis. The E protein, a structural protein found in this virus particle, is also known to be a viroporin. As such, it forms oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell membrane. However, the relationship between these two functions is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that the roles of E protein in virus particle and viroporin formation are distinct. This study contributes to the development of drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus particle formation. Additionally, we designed a highly sensitive and high-throughput virus-like particle detection system using the HiBiT tag, which is a useful tool for studying the release of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Miura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fujioka
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akino Emi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryusei Hamajima
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- BeCellBar LLC, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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Ageyeva MN, Zdobnova TA, Nazarova MS, Raldugina GN, Beliaev DV, Vodeneev VA, Brilkina AA. The Morphological Parameters and Cytosolic pH of Cells of Root Zones in Tobacco Plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): Nonlinear Effects of NaCl Concentrations. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3708. [PMID: 37960064 PMCID: PMC10648452 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impacts important processes in plants, reducing their yield. The effect of salinity on the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) has been little studied. In this research, we employed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP to investigate the alterations in pHcyt in cells across various root zones. Furthermore, we examined a wide spectrum of NaCl concentrations (ranging from 0 to 150 mM) and assessed morphological parameters and plant development. Our findings revealed a pattern of cytosolic acidification in cells across all root zones at lower NaCl concentrations (50, 100 mM). Interestingly, at 150 mM NaCl, pHcyt levels either increased or returned to normal, indicating a nonlinear effect of salinity on pHcyt. Most studied parameters related to development and morphology exhibited an inhibitory influence in response to NaCl. Notably, a nonlinear relationship was observed in the cell length within the elongation and differentiation zones. While cell elongation occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, it was not evident at 150 mM NaCl. This suggests a complex interplay between stimulating and inhibitory effects of salinity, contributing to the nonlinear relationship observed between pHcyt, cell length, and NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana A. Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Mariia S. Nazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Laboratory of Ion Transport and Salinity Resistance, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Beliaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Anna A. Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
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Nadi M, Razavi SMA, Shahrampour D. Fabrication of green colorimetric smart packaging based on basil seed gum/chitosan/red cabbage anthocyanin for real-time monitoring of fish freshness. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6360-6375. [PMID: 37823104 PMCID: PMC10563753 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel green intelligent films based on basil seed gum (BSG)/chitosan containing red cabbage extract (RCA) (0, 2.5, 5, and 10, % (v/v)) as a colorimetric indicator for food freshness detection were fabricated by casting method. The physicochemical, barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant characteristics, as well as sensitivity to pH and ammonia gas of smart edible packaging films, were investigated. The interaction of anthocyanin extract as a natural dye with biopolymers in films characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM images revealed their suitable compatibility. The film with maximum anthocyanin content (10% (v/v)) appeared robust color changes against various pH and ammonia gas levels. The color of indicator films when exposed to alkaline, neutral and acidic buffers are indicated with green, blue, and red colors, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of smart BSG/chitosan films improved from 23% to 90.32% with increasing RCA content from 2.5 to 10% (v/v). Generally, the incorporation of RCA in film structure enhanced their solubility, WVP, ΔE, turbidity, and flexibility, and reduced tensile strength. The observations successfully confirmed the efficacy of pH-sensitive indicator smart film based on BSG/chitosan for evaluation of fish spoilage during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nadi
- Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of IranFerdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)MashhadIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi
- Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of IranFerdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)MashhadIran
| | - Dina Shahrampour
- Department of Food Safety and Quality ControlResearch Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)MashhadIran
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Feng T, Chen H, Zhang M. Applicability and Freshness Control of pH-Sensitive Intelligent Label in Cool Chain Transportation of Vegetables. Foods 2023; 12:3489. [PMID: 37761197 PMCID: PMC10529513 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshness is one of the main factors affecting consumers' purchase of food. The freshness indicator labels of packaged fresh green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and greengrocery (Brassica chinensis L.) were constructed, and pH-sensitive indicator labels based on the dye of anthocyanin and the mixing dye of methyl red and bromothymol blue were prepared in this study. At the same time, the color, chlorophyll content and vitamin C content of vegetables were measured in order to explore the applicability of indicator labels in the cool chain transportation of vegetables. Compared with the nature dye, the chemical dye-type indicator labels are more sensitive to pH changes. The results showed that the mixed indicator intelligent label had the best indication effect, and the MB 2 (mixing 1 g/L methyl red and bromothymol blue solutions at a ratio of 3:2 with a concentration of 70 mL/L in indicator film solution) indicator label could effectively indicate the freshness changes in vegetables during storage. Meanwhile, the color changes of the MB 2-type indicator label were correlated with the colors change of the sample, changes in nutrients, and changes in CO2 content inside the packaging. In addition, freshness detection models for green bell pepper and greengrocery by using color information of MB 2 intelligent labels were established. Hence, this pH-sensitive label can be applied as a promising intelligent packaging for non-destructively monitoring the freshness of respiratory and non-respiratory climacteric vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.F.); (H.C.)
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.F.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.F.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Mohammadalinejhad S, Kurek M, Jensen IJ, Lerfall J. The potential of anthocyanin-loaded alginate hydrogel beads for intelligent packaging applications: Stability and sensitivity to volatile amines. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100560. [PMID: 37589019 PMCID: PMC10425905 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
pH indicators have emerged as promising tools for real-time monitoring of product freshness and quality in intelligent food packaging applications. However, ensuring the stability of these indicators is critical for practical use. This study aims to evaluate the stability of anthocyanins-loaded alginate hydrogel beads of varying sizes at different temperatures under accelerated light conditions and relative humidity (RH) levels of 53% and 97% during 21 days of storage. Moreover, their sensitivity to the principal spoilage volatiles of muscle food products such as ammonia (NH3), dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA) was investigated. The half-life of cyanidin-3-glucoside in small hydrogel beads was roughly twice as long as that of the larger beads under accelerated light exposure at 4 °C and they were less likely to undergo noticeable color changes over time. Both sizes of hydrogel beads stored at 97% RH and 4 °C showed color stability over the 21-day period with minimal color variation (|ΔE| ≤ 3). The UV-vis spectra of the purple corn extract exhibited changes across pH 2 to 12, as evidenced by the visible color variations, ranging from pink to green. The limit of detection (LOD) for NH3 was 25 ppm for small beads and 15 ppm for large ones. Both types of beads exhibited similar LOD for DMA and TMA, around 48 ppm. This research showed that alginate hydrogel beads containing anthocyanins from purple corn are a viable option for developing intelligent packaging of muscle foods. Furthermore, the use of hydrogel beads of different sizes can be customized to specific muscle foods based on the primary spoilage compound generated during spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mohammadalinejhad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marcin Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Echegaray N, Guzel N, Kumar M, Guzel M, Hassoun A, Lorenzo JM. Recent advancements in natural colorants and their application as coloring in food and in intelligent food packaging. Food Chem 2023; 404:134453. [PMID: 36252374 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorants are widely employed in the food industry as an essential ingredient in many products since color is one of the most valued attributes by consumers. Furthermore, the utilization of colorants is currently being extended to the food packaging technologies. The objective of this review was to compile recent information about the main families of natural coloring compounds, and to describe their real implications in food coloring. In addition, their technological use in different food systems (namely, bakery products, beverages, meat and meat products, and dairy products) and their utilization in intelligent packaging to monitor the freshness of foodstuffs with the aim of extending food shelf life and improving food properties was discussed. The potential of using natural colorant in different food to improve their color has been demonstrated, although color stability is still a challenging task. More interestingly, the application of intelligent colorimetric indicators to exhibit color changes with variations in pH can enable real-time monitoring of food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Echegaray
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Nihal Guzel
- Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemicaland Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mustafa Guzel
- Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), 62000 Arras, France; Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Dikmetas DN, Uysal E, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Gurmen S. The production of pH indicator Ca and Cu alginate ((1,4)- β -d-mannuronic acid and α -l-guluronic acid) cryogels containing anthocyanin obtained via red cabbage extraction for monitoring chicken fillet freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123304. [PMID: 36681229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent days, intelligent food packaging has gained attention due to consumers' needs and monitoring of the freshness of food. Biopolymers are used to produce matrix parts and dye chemicals, because of their unique properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, alginate molecules and anthocyanins were used to produce to monitor chicken fillet freshness via pH response characteristics. Anthocyanins' color and UV characteristics at different pHs were investigated. The obtained anthocyanin solution showed visible color response at different pH level. In the red cabbage extract, the anthocyanin concentration was as 0.65 ± 0.03 mg/g. Alginate and extracted anthocyanins from red cabbage were mixed at the solution phase, then metal alginate hydrogels were synthesized via crosslinking Ca2+ and Cu2+ with alginate molecules. Due to the porous structure of the cryogels, hydrogels were freeze dried at -80 °C for 24 h at vacuum atmosphere. The obtained cryogel indicated significant color changes from pH 4 to pH 10, and at a basic environment, the color change was observed with the naked eye. The porosity amounts and sizes of the produced cryogels were examined, the average pore amount of cryogels was found to be 85.46 ± 4.36 %, and the average pore size 97.98 ± 26.20 μm. Furthermore, it was seen that the color change was not directly related to the porosity, but the interaction of anthocyanin and metal alginate matrix effected color changes degree of cryogels. Due to the electronegativity of Cu2+ ions, and the use of a low amount of anthocyanin was found to be more suitable for color change. The color was changed to blue-purple while total volatile basic nitrogen content increased to 46.67 mg/100 g from 14.00 mg/100 g. As a result, prepared cryogels should be a better candidates for use as a freshness indicator and intelligent packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emircan Uysal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Türkiye
| | | | - Sebahattin Gurmen
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Türkiye
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Calmels JJ, Aguilar L, Mancebo-Aracil J, Radivoy G, Domini C, Garrido M, Sánchez MD, Nador F. Novel pH-sensitive catechol dyes synthesised by a three component one-pot reaction. Front Chem 2023; 10:1116887. [PMID: 36704615 PMCID: PMC9871305 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of new dyes based on indolizines bearing catechol groups in their structure is presented. The preparation was carried out through a simple three component one-pot reaction promoted by CuNPs/C, between pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, an aromatic alkyne and a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) functionalized with catechol groups. The products were isolated in 30%-34% yield, which was considered more than acceptable considering that the catechol hydroxyl groups were not protected prior to reaction. In view of the colour developed by the products and their response to the acidic and basic conditions of the medium, product 3aa was studied by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies at different pH values. We concluded that product 3aa suffered two deprotonations at pKa of 4.4 and 9.5, giving three species in a pH range between 2-12, with colours varying from light red to deep orange. The reversibility of the process observed for 3aa at different pH values, together with its changes in colour, make this new family of products attractive candidates to use them as pH indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Calmels
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)—Grupo de Nanocatálisis y Síntesis Orgánica del Sur Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Aguilar
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)—Grupo de Nanocatálisis y Síntesis Orgánica del Sur Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Mancebo-Aracil
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)—Grupo de Nanocatálisis y Síntesis Orgánica del Sur Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Radivoy
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)—Grupo de Nanocatálisis y Síntesis Orgánica del Sur Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Domini
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mariano Garrido
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Miguel D. Sánchez
- Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR-CONICET), Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Nador
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)—Grupo de Nanocatálisis y Síntesis Orgánica del Sur Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Fabiana Nador,
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11
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Kurashov IA, Kharlamova AD, Abel AS, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP. Polyoxa- and Polyazamacrocycles Incorporating 6,7-Diaminoquinoxaline Moiety: Synthesis and Application as Tunable Optical pH-Indicators in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020512. [PMID: 36677571 PMCID: PMC9866286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic approach to fluorescent polyaza- and polyoxadiazamacrocycles comprising a structural fragment of 6,7-diamino-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline has been elaborated using Pd-catalyzed amination providing target compounds in yields up to 77%. A series of nine novel N- and N,O-containing macrocyclic ligands differing by the number of donor sites and cavity size has been obtained. These compounds possess well-pronounced fluorescent properties with emission maxima in a blue region in aprotic solvents and high quantum yields of fluorescence, while in proton media, fluorescence shifts towards the green region of the spectrum. Using macrocycles 5c and 5e as examples, we have shown that such compounds can serve as dual-channel (colorimetric and fluorimetric) pH indicators in water media, with pH transition point and response being dependent on the macrocycle structure due to different sequences of protonation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Kurashov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alisa D. Kharlamova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anton S. Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Alexei D. Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Irina P. Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
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12
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Ageyeva M, Veselov A, Vodeneev V, Brilkina A. Cell-Type-Specific Length and Cytosolic pH Response of Superficial Cells of Arabidopsis Root to Chronic Salinity. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11243532. [PMID: 36559645 PMCID: PMC9783886 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity negatively affects the growth, development and yield of plants. Acidification of the cytosol in cells of glycophytes was reported under salinity, while various types of plant cells can have a specific reaction under the same conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP in the cytosol were used in this work for determination of morphometric changes and cytosolic pH changes in the superficial cells of Arabidopsis roots under chronic salinity in vitro. We did not find changes in the length of the root cap cells, while there was a decrease in the length of the differentiation zone under 50, 75 mM NaCl and the size of the epidermal cells of the differentiation zone under 75 mM NaCl. The most significant changes of cytosolic pH to chronic salinity was noted in columella (decrease by 1 pH unit at 75 mM NaCl) and epidermal cells of the differentiation zone (decrease by 0.6 and 0.4 pH units at 50 and 75 mM NaCl, respectively). In developed lateral root cap cells, acidification of cytosol by 0.4 units occurred only under 75 mM NaCl in the medium. In poorly differentiated lateral cells of the root cap, there were no changes in pH under chronic salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexander Veselov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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13
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Hou X, Zhao H, Zhang KQ, Meng K. Preparation of Wide-Domain pH Color-Changing Nanocapsules and Application in Hydrogel Fibers. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8787. [PMID: 36556596 PMCID: PMC9788506 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for pH color-changing materials. These materials can visually communicate signals to people by connecting pH changes with color information. Embedding pH indicators into fibers to create flexible color-changing materials is an effective way to develop daily wearable products. For the stability of the indicator and the indirect contact of the indicator with the human body, it is usually necessary to encapsulate it in capsules. In this study, different pH indicators (Thymol Blue-TB, Bromocresol Green-BCG, and Bromocresol Purple-BCP) were mixed into a wide-domain pH color-changing indicator and encapsulated with ethyl cellulose (EC) by the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method using a new-type droplet-shaped confined impinging jet mixer. The effects of flow rate, core-to-wall ratio, and mixed solution concentration on the formation of the nanocapsules were investigated. In addition, the morphology, particle size, size distribution, dispersion stability, and encapsulation efficiency were systematically studied. At a core-to-wall ratio of 1:2, a mixed solution with a concentration of 6 mg/mL and a feed flow rate of 40 mL/min produced nanocapsules with an average particle size of 141.83 ± 0.98 nm and a PDI of 0.125 ± 0.01. Furthermore, a zeta potential with a range of -31.83 ± 0.23 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 75.20 ± 1.72% were observed at 1:2 core-to-wall ratios. It was concluded that the color of the nanocapsules continuously changed from yellow to green and green to blue when the pH range was increased from 3 to 10. The color-changing nanocapsules were then embedded into sodium alginate hydrogel fibers, resulting in the same color-changing trend (pH 3-10) as that obtained for the nanocapsules. This study can be useful for the pH monitoring of various body fluids, such as wound exudate, urine, and sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Hou
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huijing Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (Suzhou), No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (Suzhou), No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Meng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (Suzhou), No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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14
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Romruen O, Kaewprachu P, Karbowiak T, Rawdkuen S. Development of Smart Bilayer Alginate/Agar Film Containing Anthocyanin and Catechin-Lysozyme. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36433169 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart packaging can provide real-time information about changes in food quality and impart a protective effect to the food product by using active agents. This study aimed to develop a smart bilayer film (alginate/agar) with a cellulose nanosphere (CNs) from corncob. The bilayer films were prepared using 1.5% (w/w) sodium alginate with 0.25% (w/v) butterfly pea extract incorporated (indicator layer) and 2% (w/w) agar containing 0.5% (w/v) catechin−lysozyme (ratio 1:1) (active layer). The CNs were incorporated into the alginate layer at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% w/w-based film) in order to improve the film’s properties. The thickness of smart bilayer film dramatically increased with the increase of CNs concentration. The inclusion of CNs reduced the transparency and elongation at break of the smart bilayer film while increasing its tensile strength (p < 0.05). The integration of CNs did not significantly affect the solubility and water vapor permeability of the smart bilayer film (p > 0.05). The smart bilayer film displayed a blue film with a glossy (without CNs) or matte surface (with CNs). The developed bilayer film shows excellent pH sensitivity, changing color at a wide range of pHs, and has a good response to ammonia and acetic acid gases. The film possesses exceptional antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The integration of CNs did not influence the antibacterial activity of the film, despite the presence of a higher level of DPPH in film containing CNs. The smart bilayer film was effectively used to monitor shrimp freshness. These findings imply that smart bilayer films with and without CNs facilitate food safety and increase food shelf life by monitoring food quality.
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15
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Cui D, Shi X, Liu W, Zheng K, Yin G, Wang J, Han G, Wan Y, Wang J, Li W. Investigation of the Neutralizing Behaviors of Cement-Based Materials Using a New pH Indicator Formulated from February Orchid Petals. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8033. [PMID: 36431516 PMCID: PMC9699292 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the neutralizing behavior of concrete is essential, as it can help reveal the durability properties of concrete structures. In this paper, anthocyanin extracted from February orchid (F. orchid) petals was used to characterize the neutralized (carbonated, leached, and sulfate-attacked) regions of cement-based materials. The durability of F. orchid indicator was evaluated through comparison between discoloring behaviors of fresh and aged F. orchid indicators, and the capability of the new indicator in neutralization characterization was then verified by combining indicator (phenolphthalein, malachite green, indigo carmine, or thymolphthalein) spray, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and the X-ray attenuation method (XRAM). The result in the present study showed that, with a lower color intensity as compared to phenolphthalein/thymolphthalein, F. orchid indicator was less preferable in studying carbonation but a better choice in characterizing leaching and sulfate attack of cement-based materials. In addition, a sharp carbonation front was revealed in the present study, suggesting that the carbonation process in this study was controlled mainly by diffusion. For leaching and sulfate attack, the broader fronts revealed suggested that both processes were co-controlled by diffusion and reaction. The current work serves as a 'leap' toward the application of natural pigments in analyzing the durability of concrete structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cui
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenya Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Keren Zheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Guangji Yin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guantong Han
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yi Wan
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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16
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Bagheri M, Bahar S, Badiei A, Ghasemi JB, Karimi F. Spiroindeno-pyridineindoles (SIPIs) as new visible colorimetric pH indicators. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135630. [PMID: 35809751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some new, highly selective, and sensitive colorimetric pH indicators, spiro[4H-indeno-[1,2-b]pyridine-4,3'-[3H]indoles] (SIPIs) in aqueous solution were developed. SIPIs were synthesized via a one-pot four-component condensation of isatin derivatives, β-diketones 1,3-indandione, and ammonium acetate using FSi-PrNH-BuSO3H as a nanocatalyst in EtOH. According to the experimental evaluations, it was found that SIPI derivatives are pH indicators for naked-eye detection of OH- ion with intense color changes from orange to purple in the pH range of 10.3-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak Square, P.O. Box 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maedeh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak Square, P.O. Box 1993893973, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Bahar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak Square, P.O. Box 1993893973, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology; and UJ, Iran.
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17
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Tran Q, Osabe K, Entani T, Wazawa T, Hattori M, Nagai T. Application of Green-enhanced Nano-lantern as a bioluminescent ratiometric indicator for measurement of Arabidopsis thaliana root apoplastic fluid pH. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3157-3170. [PMID: 35864560 PMCID: PMC9542637 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant root absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, and the root apoplastic fluid (AF) is an important intermediate between cells and the surrounding environment. The acid growth theory suggests that an acidic AF is needed for cell wall expansion during root growth. However, technical limitations have precluded the quantification of root apoplastic fluid pH (AF-pH). Here, we used Green-enhanced Nano-lantern (GeNL), a chimeric protein of the luciferase NanoLuc (Nluc) and the green fluorescent protein mNeonGreen (mNG), as a ratiometric pH indicator based on the pH dependency of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer efficiency from Nluc to mNG. Luminescence spectrum of GeNL changed reciprocally from pH 4.5 to 7.5, with a pKa of 5.5. By fusing GeNL to a novel signal peptide from Arabidopsis thaliana Cellulase 1, we localised GeNL in A. thaliana AF. We visualised AF dynamics at subcellular resolution over 30 min and determined flow velocity in the maturation zone to be 0.97± 0.06 μm/s. We confirmed that the developing root AF is acidic in the pH range of 5.1-5.7, suggesting that the AF-pH is tightly regulated during root elongation. These results support the acid growth theory and provide evidence for AF-pH maintenance despite changes in ambient pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tran
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Kenji Osabe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Tetsuyuki Entani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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18
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Forghani S, Zeynali F, Almasi H, Hamishehkar H. Characterization of electrospun nanofibers and solvent-casted films based on Centaurea arvensis anthocyanin-loaded PVA/κ-carrageenan and comparing their performance as colorimetric pH indicator. Food Chem 2022; 388:133057. [PMID: 35483293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this research, PVA/Ҡ-carrageenan-based colorimetric indicators incorporated with Centaurea arvensis anthocyanin (CAE) were fabricated by two electrospinning and solvent casting methods and their performance as pH indicators were assessed. Chemical immobilization of CAE on PVA and PVA/Ҡ-carrageenan matrixes was approved by FT-IR analysis. According to SEM images, Ҡ-carrageenanaddition improved the homogeneity of films and decreased the diameter of nanofibers. The crystalline structure and thermal properties of polymeric matrixes were affected by anthocyanin incorporation. CAE had an adverse effect on mechanical properties of films and nanofibers. The preparation method and type of solid matrix affected the responsiveness and the tonality of responded color. Electrospun nanofibers showed high responsiveness (10 s) than colorimetric films (15-40 min) to pH changes. The indicators displayed color variations from heather violet to green over the 2-12 pH range. The designed indicators have potential to be applied as visual pH label in food intelligent packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Forghani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Zeynali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hadi Almasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Ai Y, Wang G, Fang F, Zhang F, Liao H. Development of real-time intelligent films from red pitaya peel and its application in monitoring the freshness of pork. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5512-5522. [PMID: 35365861 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red pitaya peel (RPP) is a good source of polysaccharides, which can be used in the production of biodegradable material. Betacyanins in it possess antioxidant and pH-sensitive properties. However, RPP is commonly discarded during fruit processing. This study aimed to develop real-time intelligent film using RPP to evaluate pork freshness. RESULTS Real-time intelligent films were developed with film-forming substrates (FFS) composed of 60-100% (w/w) RPP and 0-4% (v/w) glycerol in pH 4.3 ~ 8.0. Rheology tests revealed that the FFS exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that molecules in the RPP interacted with glycerol and formed hydrogen bonds. It showed that the film developed with FFS of 80% RPP and 2% (v/w) glycerol had strong molecular interaction, dense structure, and optimal tensile strength and elongation at break. Film with pH adjusted to 7.0 had greater sensitivity to ammonia than film that was prepared at an original pH of 4.3, so this film was used to monitor freshness of pork. A visible change in the color of the film was observed during the spoiling process of pork, which correlated with the accumulated total volatile base nitrogen. CONCLUSION Based on its sensitivity to ammonia, the film made of 80% (w/w) RPP and 2% (v/w) glycerol at pH 7.0 was recommended for use in monitoring the freshness of protein-rich food. Our findings are of great significance for ensuring meat quality and safety and for reducing food waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Liao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Zabidi N', Nazri F, Tawakkal ISMA, Basri MSM, Basha RK, Othman SH. Characterization of active and pH-sensitive poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films containing essential oils and anthocyanin for food packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:220-31. [PMID: 35597382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Active and pH-sensitive films of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) have been fabricated and tested. The PLA and PLA/NFC films with 1.5% NFC were prepared via solvent casting method, with different loadings of essential oil (EO), including thymol and curry, being added at 5, 10, and 15%. The fixed content of anthocyanin powder (1%) was incorporated into the films as a pH indicator. The active PLA and PLA/NFC films were characterised on their physical, mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties. The addition of NFC reduced the tensile strength but increased the flexibility of films due to the plasticizing effect of EOs. The PLA/EO and PLA/NFC/EO films containing curry demonstrated a slightly higher strength than the films with thymol. The flexibility of films was increased at higher loading of EO regardless of the types of EO. The thermal profile demonstrated that the neat PLA film had a higher maximum degradation temperature than the active PLA/EO and PLA/NFC/EO films. The active PLA/EO and PLA/NFC/EO films containing anthocyanin successfully changed its colour in pH 2.0 and 14.0. The PLA/NFC films with thymol and anthocyanin formulation could inhibit fungus growth better in the cherry tomato sample than the PLA/NFC films with curry and anthocyanin.
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21
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Wang Y, Ren Z, Li M, Yuan W, Zhang Z, Ning J. pH indicator-based sensor array in combination with hyperspectral imaging for intelligent evaluation of withering degree during processing of black tea. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 271:120959. [PMID: 35121474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Withering is one of the most critical steps in the processing of black tea. The degree of withering affects the aroma quality of the finished tea. In this study, we used a pH indicator-based colorimetric sensor array in combination with hyperspectral imaging to intelligently evaluate the withering degree. After analyzing the difference between images taken before and after the reaction of pH indicators with withered leaves, six pH indicators were selected to build a sensor array. Then, the hyperspectral image of each pH indicator was obtained at wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm. Nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) and least-squares (LS) SVM models were established to determine the degree of withering. Results revealed that the spectral information from single pH indicator failed to accurately evaluate the withering degree. The LS-SVM model achieved satisfactory discriminant results with the low-level data fusion of six pH indicators followed by principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction. The optimal model yielded accuracies of 93.75% and 90.00% for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. The results indicated that colorimetric sensor array in combination with hyperspectral imaging can effectively determine the withering degree, thus providing a novel method for the intelligent processing of food and tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhengyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Maoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Wenxuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China.
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China.
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22
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Erna KH, Felicia WXL, Vonnie JM, Rovina K, Yin KW, Nur’Aqilah MN. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Polymer Film-Based Anthocyanin and Starch. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:211. [PMID: 35448271 PMCID: PMC9032999 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric indicators, used in food intelligent packaging, have enormous promise for monitoring and detecting food quality by analyzing and interpreting the quality data of packaged food. Hence, our study developed and characterized a biopolymer film based on starch and anthocyanin for prospective meat freshness monitoring applications. The developed film was morphologically characterized using different morphology instruments to identify the interaction between anthocyanin and starch. The color differences of the proposed film in response to different pH buffers have also been investigated. The combination of anthocyanin and starch produces a smooth and homogenous surface with an intermolecular hydrogen bond that increases the biopolymer's wavelength. The film indicated bright red at pH 2.0-6.0, bluish-grey at pH 7.0-11.0, and yellowish-green above 11.0 that the naked eye can see. The indicator film shows high sensitivity toward pH changes. The inclusion of anthocyanin increases the biopolymer film's thickness and crystalline condition with low humidity, water solubility, and swelling values. As a result, the polymer film can be employed in the food industry as an affordable and environmentally friendly indication of meat freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kobun Rovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-8-832-0000 (ext. 8713); Fax: +60-8-832-0993
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Zhang X, Lv R, Chen L, Sun R, Zhang Y, Sheng R, Du T, Li Y, Qi Y. A Multifunctional Janus Electrospun Nanofiber Dressing with Biofluid Draining, Monitoring, and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:12984-13000. [PMID: 35266385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing greatly affects patients' health and produces medical burden. Therefore, we developed a multifunctional electrospun nanofiber dressing, which can inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), drain excessive biofluid to promote wound healing, and simultaneously monitor wound pH level. The polyoxometalate (α-K6P2W18O62·14H2O, P2W18) and oxacillin (OXA) are encapsulated in hydrophobic polylactide (PLA) nanofiber to synergistically inhibit MRSA. The phenol red (PSP) is encapsulated in hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber to sensitively indicate wound pH in situ. The PSP/PAN nanofiber is directly electrospun on the patterning OXA/P2W18/PLA nanofiber layer to form a Janus dressing. By taking advantage of the wettability difference between the two layers, the excess biofluid can be drained away from the wound. In addition, the Janus dressing exhibits good biocompatibility and accelerates wound healing via its antimicrobial activity and skin repairing function. This multifunctional Janus electrospun nanofiber dressing would be beneficial for wound management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ruijuan Lv
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ruimeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rongtian Sheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Azlim NA, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Oladzadabbasabadi N, Ariffin F, Ghalambor P, Jafarzadeh S, Al-Hassan AA. Fabrication and characterization of a pH-sensitive intelligent film incorporating dragon fruit skin extract. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:597-608. [PMID: 35154695 PMCID: PMC8825720 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel intelligent pH-sensing indicator based on gelatin film and anthocyanin extracted from dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) (DFSE) as a natural dye was developed to monitor food freshness by the casting method. Anthocyanin content of DFSE was 15.66 ± 1.59 mg/L. Dragon fruit bovine gelatin films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moisture content, mechanical properties, water solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), light transmittance, color, and pH-sensing evaluations were evaluated for potential application. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the extracted anthocyanin could interact with the other film components through hydrogen bonds. When the extract was added, films showed a smooth and clear surface as observed by SEM. The addition of anthocyanin increased the moisture content, thickness, and water solubility of the films, but decreased the WVP and light transmittance of films. Also, the incorporation of 15% v/v DFSE decreased the tensile strength from 17.04 to 12.91 MPa, increasing the elongation at break from 91.19% to 107.86%. The films showed higher ΔE with increasing DFSE content, which indicated that the film had good color variability. A significant difference in the color of the films was observed with exposure to different pH buffer solutions. The findings demonstrated that gelatin film incorporated with DFSE could be used as a visual indicator of pH variations to monitor the freshness of foods during storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurnabila Afiqah Azlim
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch Islamic Azad University Damghan Iran
| | - Nazila Oladzadabbasabadi
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Pantea Ghalambor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- School of Engineering Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia
| | - A A Al-Hassan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Agriculture and vit. Medicine Qassim University Burydah Saudi Arabia
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Naghdi S, Rezaei M, Abdollahi M. A starch-based pH-sensing and ammonia detector film containing betacyanin of paperflower for application in intelligent packaging of fish. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:161-170. [PMID: 34536478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An easy-to-use food packaging label with pH and ammonia sensitivity was developed by adding betacyanin (5, 10 and 15 mg per g of starch) from flowers of paperflower (Bougainvillea glabra) to potato starch film made using the solvent casting method. The betacyanin was well dispersed into the starch matrix and formed new interactions with it as revealed by FTIR. The film containing 15 mg/g of betacyanin showed a color change from light pink to yellow as a response to pH adjustment of between 2 to 13. It was also able to detect the presence of ammonia in a range of 0.1 and 0.01 mg of ammonia per ml of water. Surface hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier capacity of the starch film increased by addition of the betacyanin, yet their mechanical strength decreased in the presence of the betacyanin. The ability of the film in the real-time indication of fish quality as a label was also evaluated during the storage of Caspian sprat at 4 °C. A visual change in the color of the packaging label from pink to yellow in parallel with the increase in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), microbial count of the fish samples was detected. The starch/betacyanin film could be a novel intelligent label for application in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Naghdi
- Seafood Processing Department, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Seafood Processing Department, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Abdollahi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Deng H, Li J, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Chen C, Zhou Z, Wu H, Wang P, Zhou S. Genetic engineering of circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein reveals intracellular acidification in response to nitric oxide stimuli. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101943. [PMID: 33752109 PMCID: PMC8005830 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH (pHi) is a crucial parameter in cell biology; thus, a series of pH probes have been developed to determine pHi changes in living cells. However, more sensitive and non-perturbing ratiometric pH probes are needed for accurate pHi measurements. While the fluorescence of circular permutated YFP (cpYFP) is hypersensitive to pH changes due to its intrinsic properties, the single excitation peak of this protein restricts its capacity of becoming a rational type of pH sensor. Herein, we collected several cpYFP-based probes with dual excitation peaks and constructed their corresponding loss-of-function mutants to screen for a potential competent pH probe. The most sensitive probe was named NocPer. NocPer consists of cpYFP inserted into inactive-mutated GAF and AAA+, which are two regulatory domains of E. coli NorR, a nitric oxide (NO)-specific transcription factor. Fluorescence emission of NocPer peaks at 517 nm while exhibiting dual excitation peaks at 420 and 495 nm, which can be used for ratiometric imaging. This new pH sensor has a large ratio response dynamic (pH range of 7.0–11.0), which covers the physiological pH range (pH 7.0–8.0), and exhibits an approximately 3-fold higher fluorescent signal in response to a pH increase from 7.0 to 8.0 than that of pHluorin. Using NocPer, we discovered a new biological phenomenon in which NO exposure decreases the E. coli pHi, which led to the hypothesis that pathogens decrease their own pHi during infection. Further, we elucidated that the NO-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain is responsible for the decline in pHi, which might represent a protective strategy of E. coli under NO stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that NocPer is a ratiometric pH probe with high sensitivity for the physiological pH range. Circular permutated YFP was modified to be an a supersensitive and ratiometric pH probe NocPer. Nitric oxide (NO) lowering intracellular pH (pHi) was discovered as a new biological phenomenon. NO-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase is responsible for the decline in pHi. pHi decrease by NO might represent a bacterial protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Nakamura S, Fu N, Kondo K, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T, Sugiura K. A luminescent Nanoluc-GFP fusion protein enables readout of cellular pH in photosynthetic organisms. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100134. [PMID: 33268379 PMCID: PMC7948502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
pH is one of the most critical physiological parameters determining vital cellular activities, such as photosynthetic performance. Fluorescent sensor proteins capable of measuring in situ pH in animal cells have been reported. However, these proteins require an excitation laser for pH measurement that may affect photosynthetic performance and induce autofluorescence from chlorophyll. As a result, it is not possible to measure the intracellular or intraorganelle pH changes in plants. To overcome this problem, we developed a luminescent pH sensor by fusing the luminescent protein Nanoluc to a uniquely designed pH-sensitive GFP variant protein. In this system, an excitation laser is unnecessary because the fused GFP variant reports on the luminescent signal by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from Nanoluc. The ratio of two luminescent peaks from the sensor protein was approximately linear with respect to pH in the range of 7.0 to 8.5. We designated this sensor protein as "luminescent pH indicator protein" (Luphin). We applied Luphin to the in situ pH measurement of a photosynthetic organism under fluctuating light conditions, allowing us to successfully observe the cytosolic pH changes associated with photosynthetic electron transfer in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Detailed analyses of the mechanisms of the observed estimated pH changes in the cytosol in this alga suggested that the photosynthetic electron transfer is suppressed by the reduced plastoquinone pool under light conditions. These results indicate that Luphin may serve as a helpful tool to further illuminate pH-dependent processes throughout the photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nae Fu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Sugiura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Maierhofer M, Rieger V, Mayr T. Optical ammonia sensors based on fluorescent aza-BODIPY dyes- a flexible toolbox. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7559-7567. [PMID: 32839858 PMCID: PMC7533255 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present three types of optical ammonia sensors suitable for environmental, bioprocess, and reaction monitoring. A respective fluorescent BF2-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene dye (aza-BODIPYs) is physically entrapped in a polyurethane hydrogel (HydroMed D4) forming an emulsion system with vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The analyte-sensitive layer is covered by a hydrophobic membrane which excludes hydrophilic substances. Three different protection layers are tested, whereby the Teflon and the hydrophobic PES layers outperform a PDMS/TiO2 layer. Response times within their dynamic range of 15 s can be achieved, whereas the PDMS/TiO2-covered sensor requires at least 390 s. The three sensors entail the following concentration areas: first sensor 3 μg L-1-3 mg L-1 (LOD 0.23 μg L-1), second sensor 0.1-30 mg L-1 (LOD 28 μg L-1), and third sensor 3 mg L-1-1 g L-1 (LOD 0.51 mg L-1). Readout is performed with a commercially available phase fluorimeter combined with optical fibers. Dual-lifetime referencing (DLR) is used as referencing method and Egyptian blue acts as an inert reference material. No cross-sensitivity to pH changes can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Maierhofer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Veronika Rieger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Suthar MK, Saran PL. Anthocyanins from Ocimum sanctum L., a promising biomolecule for development of cost-effective and widely applicable pH indicator. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:388. [PMID: 32832338 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cost-effective and widely applicable pH indicator was developed using anthocyanins extracted from the purple subtype of Ocimum sanctum L. and common lab filter paper. This pH indicator was successfully tested to monitor the pH of a wide range of buffers, solutions, irrigation water, and soil solution. Upon testing, the indicator displayed specific colors at corresponding pH ranges. Sucrose showed a stabilizing effect for the color of the extracted anthocyanins. Further, molecular analysis indicated that the leaves from the purple subtypes showed higher transcripts abundance for chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, anthocyanidin synthase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase than that of the green subtype. Similarly, transcription factors HY5 and a bHLH putatively involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins showed up-regulation in the purple subtype of O. sanctum.
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Taherkhani E, Moradi M, Tajik H, Molaei R, Ezati P. Preparation of on-package halochromic freshness/spoilage nanocellulose label for the visual shelf life estimation of meat. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2632-2640. [PMID: 32853605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, grape anthocyanins (GA) were embedded in bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) by ex-situ method to fabricate an easy-to-use colorimetric label. The label revealed visible color responses to the pH buffers (2-11). According to the color parameter results [L*, a*, b*, and total color difference (TCD)], the label also presented appropriate color stability during the 60-day storage. During the application in minced beef, the label was bright red on the 1st day of storage at 4 °C. In accordance with the meat quality parameters [TVB-N, total mesophilic count, and sensory attributes], the label turned into purplish-red color on the 3rd and 5th days of storage (medium freshness meat) and turned into blue on the 7th day, representing the spoilage state. All the mentioned color changes could be distinguished by naked eyes. A strong Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained between the TCD values and meat quality parameters, confirming the capability of the pH-sensing label to correctly distinguish the fresh meat from the spoiled meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshagh Taherkhani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Molaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parya Ezati
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Park JJ, Kim Y, Lee C, Kook JW, Kim D, Kim JH, Hwang KS, Lee JY. Colorimetric Visualization Using Polymeric Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Enhanced Sensitivity for Formaldehyde Gas Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E998. [PMID: 32344883 DOI: 10.3390/polym12050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although equipment-based gas sensor systems (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography) have been widely applied for formaldehyde gas detection, pre-treatment and expensive instrumentation are required. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed a colorimetric sensor based on polymer-based core–shell nanoparticles (PCSNPs), which are inexpensive, stable, and exhibit enhanced selectivity. Spherical and uniform poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core–shell nanoparticles were prepared and then impregnated with Methyl Red (MR), Bromocresol Purple (BCP), or 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to construct colorimetric sensors for formaldehyde gas. The intrinsic properties of these dyes were maintained when introduced into the PCSNPs. In the presence of formaldehyde, the MR, BCP, and 4-NP colorimetric sensors changed to yellow, red, and gray, respectively. The colorimetric response was maximized at a PEI/PSMA ratio of four, likely owing to the high content of amine groups. Effective formaldehyde gas detection was achieved at a relative humidity of 30% using the MR colorimetric sensor, which exhibited a large color change (92%) in 1 min. Advantageously, this stable sensor allowed sensitive and rapid naked-eye detection of low formaldehyde concentrations (0.5 ppm). Hence, this approach is promising for real-time formaldehyde gas visualization and can also be adapted to other colorimetric gas sensor systems to improve sensitivity and simplicity.
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Moazami Goodarzi M, Moradi M, Tajik H, Forough M, Ezati P, Kuswandi B. Development of an easy-to-use colorimetric pH label with starch and carrot anthocyanins for milk shelf life assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:240-7. [PMID: 32145233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An intelligent freshness indicator was developed by immobilizing anthocyanins of black carrot (ABC) within the starch matrix (total anthocyanins content of 10 mg/100 mL) to monitor freshness/spoilage of milk. The microstructural, spectral, swelling and solubility properties as well as color stability (as a function of time, temperature and light) of the indicator at different pHs were characterized. The incorporation of ABC did not change the swelling index and water solubility. The prepared label showed visible color changes as a function of pH and excellent color stability after one month storage at different conditions. The total color difference (TCD) value of the indicator corresponded to the pH, acidity, and microbial growth of the pasteurized milk. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between TCD and pH (R = -0.979), while a high and positive correlation between TCD and acidity as well as TMC (R = 0.983 and 0.968, respectively) was observed. The developed label can discriminate fresh milk form the milk entered into the initial (TCD: 7.8 after 24 h) and final (TCD: 34.8 after 48 h) steps of spoilage. The fabricated label opens a new perspective to use anthocyanins-incorporated biopolymers in the milk intelligent packaging as a simple and easy-to-use freshness indicator.
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Kumar M, Tanoj N, Saran S. A Modified, Efficient and Sensitive pH Indicator Dye Method for the Screening of Acid-Producing Acetobacter Strains Having Potential Application in Bio-Cellulose Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:631-636. [PMID: 31845193 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is imperative that promising bacterial cellulose-producing bacteria mainly belongs to genera Acetobacter (acid-producing bacteria). In order to screen cellulose-producing Acetobacter, the isolated cultures from vinegar/rotten fruits were inoculated in Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium containing ethanol and CaCO3. After the desired incubation, the positive cultures form a zone, which is observed around the bacterial growth, resulted from the solubilization of CaCO3 by acetic acid produced from the oxidation of ethanol during fermentation. However, in this method, the clarity of the solubilized zone is not very sharp and distinct. In the present, investigation, an improved method for screening, of the microorganisms producing acetic acid has been developed. In this method, methyl red (MR) is incorporated as a pH indicator in HS medium containing ethanol and CaCO3. Plates containing MR at alkaline pH are yellow and turn dark red at acidic pH. Thus, a distinctive, clear zone is formed around bacterial colonies producing acetic acid and is easy to differentiate between acid producers and non-producers. The present method is more rapid, accurate, and sensitive and can be successfully be used for the detection of acetic acid-producing bacteria particularly for the screening of potent cellulose producer Acetobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Nipunta Tanoj
- Fermentation Technology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
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Nowak PM, Leszczenko P, Zarusińska J, Kościelniak P. Acidity constant of pH indicators in the supramolecular systems studied by two CE-based methods compared using the RGB additive color model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:577-88. [PMID: 31838556 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base properties of methyl orange, bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and bromothymol blue were thoroughly investigated in the past due to their application as colorimetric pH indicators. However, it is still unknown how these properties change upon the supramolecular host-guest interactions. Owing to the growing interest in using supramolecular host-guest interactions to reach expected modification of various physicochemical properties of guests, we decided to address this question in the present article. We estimated the shifts of pKa values induced by diverse hosts (cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, micelles, and serum albumin) and performed a thermodynamic analysis of the selected systems. To make a deeper insight, we confronted the aforementioned dyes with the other kinds of molecules studied by us in the past. In overall, the results obtained demonstrate a large multiplicity of possible pKa behaviors, their poor predictability, and the existence of subtle structure-acidity relationships. In addition, we observed three thermodynamically different mechanisms of pKa alteration. Therefore, more studies are needed to bring closer the promising perspective of a programmable acidity's tuning. Our methodology was based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) applied in two parallel variants: a classical method based on the fitting of a nonlinear function, and an alternative two-value method (TVM), which requires over twice less measurements to estimate pKa. To identify the optimal approach for further studies, both methods were comprehensively compared and discussed based on the RGB additive color model, a user-friendly scale that integrates three primary aspects of an analytical method: analytical performance, green chemistry, and practicality.
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Moradi M, Tajik H, Almasi H, Forough M, Ezati P. A novel pH-sensing indicator based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers and black carrot anthocyanins for monitoring fish freshness. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:115030. [PMID: 31320095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel intelligent pH-sensing indicator based on bacterial nanocellulose (BC) and black carrot anthocyanins (CA) was developed and characterized to monitor the freshness/spoilage of rainbow trout and common carp fillet during the storage at 4 °C. The indicator displayed wide color differences from red to gray over the 2-11 pH range, which was clearly discerned by the naked eye. The fabricated pH-sensing indicator showed distinguishable color changes during fresh (deep carmine color), best to eat (charm pink color), and spoiled (jelly bean blue and khaki colors) stages of both fish fillets. Moreover, a strong and positive correlation was obtained between the total color differences values of the indicator and bacterial count (R = 0.952 and 0.991) and total volatile basic nitrogen (R = 0.815 and 0.92) in rainbow trout and common carp samples. The results of this work demonstrated a significant correspondence of fish shelf life and color changes of a nanocellulose-based pH-sensing indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Artemia & Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran; Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Almasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Parya Ezati
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran
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Abstract
Astrocytes eliminate unnecessary synapses, neural debris, and pathogenic proteins such as amyloid β plaque. Although the emerging evidences suggest that the phagocytic roles of astrocytes are critical in maintaining brain homeostasis during development as well as pathogenic conditions, the efficient assay for measuring phagocytic capacity and kinetics of astrocytes has been lacking. Here we present in vitro engulfment assay using purified astrocytes and synaptosomes. Based on imaging methods, either fluorescent or pH indicator-conjugated synaptosomes can be used in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkyeong Gloria Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Rajan VK, T K SA, C K H, Muraleedharan K. A non toxic natural food colorant and antioxidant 'Peonidin' as a pH indicator: A TDDFT analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:202-209. [PMID: 30059850 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A computational inestigation on the difference in colors of two plants 'Peony' and 'Morning glory' by the same pigment 'Peonidin' has been performed by means of absorption characteristics. Peonidin imparts purple color to the flowers in Peony and blue to that in Morning glory. TDDFT tool in Gaussian 09 software package has been employed to analyze the UV-vis spectra and has shown that in acidic media Peonidin exists in its flavylium cationic form where as in alkaline media it exists in the quinoidal base form. These two structural forms have colors red and blue respectively. TDDFT results of flavylium ion in acetic acid moves the absorption to higher wavelength and corresponds to purple color and is the color of Peony flower. One of the quinoidal bases in alkaline media gives violet-blue color to flowers in Morning glory. This is true as Peony grows in acidic soil only while Morning glory grows in alkaline soil only. The affinity towards pH values makes Peonidin to act as pH indicator besides its radical scavenging capacity. Further a good food colorant must be non toxic. The toxicological analysis has shown that Peonidin is non-irritant, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic and non-tumorigenic. The compound has sufficient solubility to use as a potential drug. Also the compound has a positive drug score. All these results confirm the potential druggability of Peonidin and its non toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijisha K Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India.
| | | | - Hasna C K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - K Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India.
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38
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Silva AL, Dressano K, Ceciliato PHO, Guerrero-Abad JC, Moura DS. Evaluation of Root pH Change Through Gel Containing pH-sensitive Indicator Bromocresol Purple. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2796. [PMID: 34286016 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) is a plant hormone peptide that inhibits proton transport causing alkalinization of the extracellular media. To detect the alkalinization response elicited by RALF peptides in root cells, Arabidopsis seedlings are carefully transferred to a gel containing the pH-sensitive indicator bromocresol purple, treated with the peptide and photographed after 30 min. Herein the protocol is optimized for evaluation of exogenous treatment, described in detail and expected results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparecida L Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Keini Dressano
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Moura
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Mogi K. A Visualization Technique of a Unique pH Distribution around an Ion Depletion Zone in a Microchannel by Using a Dual-Excitation Ratiometric Method. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:mi9040167. [PMID: 30424100 PMCID: PMC6187760 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ion depletion zone of ion concentration polarization has a strong potential to act as an immaterial barrier, separating delicate submicron substances, including biomolecules, without causing physical damage. However, the detailed mechanisms of the barrier effect remain incompletely understood because it is difficult to visualize the linked behavior of protons, cations, anions, and charged molecules in the thin ion depletion zone. In this study, pH distribution in an ion depletion zone was measured to estimate the role of proton behavior. This was done in order to use it as a tool with good controllability for biomolecule handling in the future. As a result, a unique pH peak was observed at several micrometers distance from the microchannel wall. The position of the peak appeared to be in agreement with the boundary of the ion depletion zone. From this agreement, it is expected that the pH peak has a causal connection to the barrier effect of the ion depletion zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Mogi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (Molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
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Majdinasab M, Hosseini SMH, Sepidname M, Negahdarifar M, Li P. Development of a novel colorimetric sensor based on alginate beads for monitoring rainbow trout spoilage. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:1695-704. [PMID: 29666522 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a non-toxic, renewable, and linear copolymer obtained from the brown algae Laminaria digitata that can be easily shaped into beads. Its good gel forming properties have made it useful for entrapping food and pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, alginate beads were used in a novel application as a colorimetric sensor in food intelligent packaging. Colorimetric sensor was developed through entrapping red cabbage extract as a pH indicator in alginate beads. The pH indicator beads were used in rainbow trout packaging for monitoring fillets spoilage. Color change of beads during fish storage was measured using the CIELab method. The alginate bead colorimetric sensor is validated by measuring total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) levels and microbial populations in fish samples. Moreover, peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated during storage. Results indicated that increasing the bacterial population during storage and production of proteolytic enzymes resulted in protein degradation, accumulation of volatile amine compounds, increase in the pH and finally color change of alginate beads. The values of TVB-N, pH, PV and TBARS increased with time of storage. The results of TVB-N and microbial growth were in accordance with color change of beads and CIELab data. Therefore, the proposed system enjoys a high sensitivity to pH variations and is capable of monitoring the spoilage of fish or other protein-rich products through its wide range of color changes. The alginate beads containing the red cabbage extract can, thus, be used as a low-cost colorimetric sensor for intelligent packaging applications.
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Koch C, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Wege C. Penicillin Detection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Assisted Colorimetric Biosensors. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:184-196. [PMID: 29577021 PMCID: PMC5865271 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presentation of enzymes on viral scaffolds has beneficial effects such as an increased enzyme loading and a prolonged reusability in comparison to conventional immobilization platforms. Here, we used modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanorods as enzyme carriers in penicillin G detection for the first time. Penicillinase enzymes were conjugated with streptavidin and coupled to TMV rods by use of a bifunctional biotin-linker. Penicillinase-decorated TMV particles were characterized extensively in halochromic dye-based biosensing. Acidometric analyte detection was performed with bromcresol purple as pH indicator and spectrophotometry. The TMV-assisted sensors exhibited increased enzyme loading and strongly improved reusability, and higher analysis rates compared to layouts without viral adapters. They extended the half-life of the sensors from 4 - 6 days to 5 weeks and thus allowed an at least 8-fold longer use of the sensors. Using a commercial budget-priced penicillinase preparation, a detection limit of 100 µM penicillin was obtained. Initial experiments also indicate that the system may be transferred to label-free detection layouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52525 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52525 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Reyes-Duarte D, Coscolín C, Martínez-Martínez M, Ferrer M, García-Arellano H. Functional-Based Screening Methods for Detecting Esterase and Lipase Activity Against Multiple Substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1835:109-117. [PMID: 30109647 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8672-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional screens have been extensively used for searching native enzymes or mutant variants in clone libraries. Esterases and lipases are the most retrieved enzymes, because they are within the more demanded industrial enzymes and because a number of simple and generic screening methods can be applied for their screen. Here, we describe the use of a generic pH indicator assay protocol which unambiguously allows detecting in high-throughput manner esterase and lipase activity and quantifying specific activities using an ester concentration above 0.5 mM. The described method is simple and generic to allow the selection of esterases and lipases targeting desired esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Reyes-Duarte
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), CDMX, México.
| | - Cristina Coscolín
- Departamento de Biocatálisis Aplicada, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis Aplicada, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Departamento de Biocatálisis Aplicada, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Humberto García-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma de Villada, Edo. de México, México
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Bottaro E, Mosayyebi A, Carugo D, Nastruzzi C. Analysis of the Diffusion Process by pH Indicator in Microfluidic Chips for Liposome Production. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:mi8070209. [PMID: 30400400 PMCID: PMC6189829 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of nano- and micro-particles has attracted considerable interest from researchers and enterprises, because of the potential utility of such particles as drug delivery vehicles. Amongst the different techniques employed for the production of nanoparticles, microfluidic-based methods have proven to be the most effective for controlling particle size and dispersity, and for achieving high encapsulation efficiency of bioactive compounds. In this study, we specifically focus on the production of liposomes, spherical vesicles formed by a lipid bilayer encapsulating an aqueous core. The formation of liposomes in microfluidic devices is often governed by diffusive mass transfer of chemical species at the liquid interface between a solvent (i.e., alcohol) and a non-solvent (i.e., water). In this work, we developed a new approach for the analysis of mixing processes within microfluidic devices. The method relies on the use of a pH indicator, and we demonstrate its utility by characterizing the transfer of ethanol and water within two different microfluidic architectures. Our approach represents an effective route to experimentally characterize diffusion and advection processes governing the formation of vesicular/micellar systems in microfluidics, and can also be employed to validate the results of numerical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bottaro
- Bioengineering Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Ali Mosayyebi
- Bioengineering Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dario Carugo
- Bioengineering Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences (IfLS), University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Schaude C, Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Attard J, Binder B, Mohr GJ. The Development of Indicator Cotton Swabs for the Detection of pH in Wounds. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17061365. [PMID: 28604631 PMCID: PMC5492842 DOI: 10.3390/s17061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Indicator cotton swabs have been developed in order to enable faster, less expensive, and simpler information gathering of a wound status. Swabs are normally used for cleaning the wound, but here, they were covalently functionalized with indicator chemistry. Thus, they in principle enable simultaneous wound cleaning and wound pH detection. Using an indicator dye with a color change from yellow to red, combined with an inert dye of blue color, a traffic light color change from green to red is induced when pH increases. The indicator cotton swabs (ICSs) show a color change from green (appropriate wound pH) to red (elevated wound pH). This color change can be interpreted by the naked eye as well as by an optical color measurement device in order to obtain quantitative data based on the CIE L*a*b* color space. Two types of swabs have been developed—indicator cotton swabs ICS1 with a sensitive range from pH 5 to 7 and swabs ICS2 with a sensitive range from 6.5 to 8.5. The swabs are gamma-sterilized and the effect of sterilization on performance was found to be negligible. Furthermore, cytotoxicity testing shows cell viability and endotoxin levels to be within the allowable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Schaude
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH-Materials, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, A-8160 Weiz, Austria.
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Medical University of Graz, Center for Medical Research, Stiftingtalstraße 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Claudia Meindl
- Medical University of Graz, Center for Medical Research, Stiftingtalstraße 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jennifer Attard
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Barbara Binder
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gerhard J Mohr
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH-Materials, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, A-8160 Weiz, Austria.
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Yang W, Han L, Mandlaa M, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Xu H. A plate method for rapid screening of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare mutants for enhanced 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:397-402. [PMID: 28292630 PMCID: PMC5498444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new plate method was developed for rapid screening of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare mutants overproducing 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG). The screening methodology took the advantage of the acidity caused by 2-KLG, which changes the color of bromothymol blue (pH indicator) from blue to yellow. Using the proposed method, a mutant, K. vulgare 65, was selected from 20,000 colonies produced by a strain subjected to spaceflight mutagenesis. When co-cultured with Bacillus megaterium 2980 in 20-L fermenters, K. vulgare 65 showed a high conversion rate (94.45%) of l-sorbose to 2-KLG. In contrast to the traditional screening method, this one significantly improved the frequency of obtaining positive mutants. The proposed plate screening method is cost-effective and easy to run and is thus useful for the isolation and screening of K. vulgare mutants overproducing 2-KLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
| | - Litao Han
- Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Fermentation & Biotechnology Laboratory, Shenyang, China
| | - Mandlaa Mandlaa
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Fermentation & Biotechnology Laboratory, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongze Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China.
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46
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Margita K, Voinov MA, Smirnov AI. Effect of Solution Ionic Strength on the pK a of the Nitroxide pH EPR Probe 2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylimidazolidin-1-oxyl. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:185-193. [PMID: 28210984 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spin probe and spin labeling Electron Paramagnetic Resonance methods are indispensable research tools for solving a wide range of bioanalytical problems-from measuring microviscosity and polarity of phase-separated liquids to oxygen concentrations in tissues. One of the emerging uses of spin probes are the studies of proton transfer-related and surface electrostatic phenomena. The latter Electron Paramagnetic Resonance methods rely on molecular probes containing an additional functionality capable of reversible ionization (protonation, in particular) in the immediate proximity to an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance-active reporter group, such as (N-O•) for nitroxides. The consequent formation of protonated and nonprotonated nitroxide species with different magnetic parameters (A iso, g iso) could be readily distinguished by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Bioanalytical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies employing pH-sensitive paramagnetic probes typically involve determination of the equilibrium constant (pK a) between the protonated and nonprotonated forms of the nitroxide. However, any chemical equilibrium involving charged species, such as ionization of acids and bases, and so the reversible protonation of the nitroxide, is known to be affected by an ionic strength of the solution. Currently, only scarce data for the effect of the solution ionic strength on the experimental pK a's of the ionizable nitroxides can be found in the literature. Here we have carried out a series of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance titration experiments for aqueous solutions of 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylimidazolidin-1-oxyl (HMI) nitroxide known for one of the largest differences in the isotropic nitrogen hyperfine coupling constant A iso between the protonated and nonprotonated forms. Electrolyte concentration was varied over an exceptionally large range (i.e., from 0.05 to 5.0 M) to elucidate the effect of ionic strength on the ionization constant of this pH-sensitive Electron Paramagnetic Resonance probe and the data were compared to the Debye-Hückel limiting law. Effects of the ionic strength on the magnetic parameters of the ionizable nitroxides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh Margita
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, 27606, NC, USA
| | - Maxim A Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, 27606, NC, USA
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, 27606, NC, USA.
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Nakata E, Yukimachi Y, Uto Y, Hori H, Morii T. Latent pH-responsive ratiometric fluorescent cluster based on self-assembled photoactivated SNARF derivatives. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2016; 17:431-436. [PMID: 27877893 PMCID: PMC5101900 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1204888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a self-assembled fluorescent cluster comprising a seminaphthorhodafluor (SNARF) derivative protected by a photoremovable o-nitrobenzyl group. Prior to UV irradiation, a colorless and nonfluorescent cluster was spontaneously assembled in aqueous solution. After UV irradiation, the self-assembled cluster remained intact and showed a large enhancement in pH-responsive fluorescence. The unique pH responsive fluorescent cluster could be used as a dual-emissive ratiometric fluorescent pH probe not only in the test tube but also in HeLa cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nakata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yukimachi
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hori
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Morii
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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48
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Tung CH, Qi J, Hu L, Han MS, Kim Y. A Quick Responsive Fluorogenic pH Probe for Ovarian Tumor Imaging. Theranostics 2015; 5:1166-74. [PMID: 26284146 PMCID: PMC4533099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cell-permeable compound, CypH-1, that is non-fluorescent at neutral pH, but fluoresces under mildly acidic conditions with a near infrared maximum emission wavelength was designed for the detection of tumors in the clinical setting. The potential of CypH-1 in ovarian cancer imaging was demonstrated using a murine model. The intraperitoneally administered CypH-1 results in a robust fluorescence signal of discrete neoplastic lesions with millimeter range resolution within few hours. Moreover, fluorescence signal is strikingly enhanced at peripheral regions of tumors at the microscopic level suggesting a sharp physiological difference at the tumor/normal tissue interface. This robust acid-activated imaging agent is expected to have significant impact in broad surgical and diagnostic applications.
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49
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Bura Gohain M, Talukdar S, Talukdar M, Yadav A, Gogoi BK, Bora TC, Kiran S, Gulati A. Effect of physicochemical parameters on nitrile-hydrolyzing potentials of newly isolated nitrilase of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED-3. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:226-36. [PMID: 24923632 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nitrilases from fungus have received increasing attention, and most of the studies are performed on nitrilases of bacterial origin. Frequently used methods are based on analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography; therefore, an efficient, user friendly, and rapid method has been developed to screen nitrilase enzyme based on the principle of color change of a pH indicator. Phenol red amended with the minimal medium appears light yellow at neutral pH, which changes into pink with the formation of ammonia, indicating nitrilase activity in the reaction medium. A highly potent strain ED-3 identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi (specific activity 17.5 µmol/Min/mg dcw) was isolated using this method. The nitrilase activity of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED-3 strain showed wide substrate specificity toward aliphatic nitriles, aromatic nitriles, and orthosubstituted heterocyclic nitriles. 4-Aminobenzonitrile was found to be a superior substrate among all the nitriles used in this study. This nitrilase was active within pH 5-10 and temperature ranging from 25 to 60 °C with optimal at pH 7.0 and temperature at 50 °C. The nitrilase activity was enhanced to several folds through optimization of culture and biotransformation conditions from 1,121 to 1,941 µmol/Min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Bura Gohain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
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50
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Lisboa HCF, Biasetto CR, de Medeiros JB, Âraújo AR, Silva DHS, Teles HL, Trevisan HC. Endophytic fungi producing of esterases: evaluation in vitro of the enzymatic activity using pH indicator. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:923-6. [PMID: 24516461 PMCID: PMC3910213 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and efficient colorimetric method was optimized for detection of esterase enzymes produced by endophytic fungi for development of High-Throughput Screening (HTS). The fungi were isolated and obtained previously from plant species of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest located in areas of environmental preservation in the State of Sao Paulo / Brazil, as part of the project “Chemical and biological prospecting endophytic fungi associated to plant species of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest”. The compounds ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate and methyl propionate were used as standards esters which were hydrolyzed by extracellular enzyme from endophytic fungi (EC. 3.1.1.1 - carboxyl-esterases) for production of carboxylic acids. Thus, the reduction of the pH increases the protonated indicator concentration (bromothymol blue), changing the color of the reaction medium (from blue to yellow), that can be observed and measured by spectrophotometry at 616 nm. The methodology with acid-base indicator was performed on 13 microorganisms, aiming Periconia atropurpurea as a potential source of esterase for biotransformation of short chain esters. The results also evidenced that this methodology showed to be efficient, fast, cheap, having low consumption of reagents and easy development, and can be applied to screen carboxylic-ester hydrolases in a large number of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cristina Fávero Lisboa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rabal Biasetto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Medeiros
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Âraújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Lopes Teles
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Henrique Celso Trevisan
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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