1
|
Jean Wilson E, Sirpu Natesh N, Ghadermazi P, Pothuraju R, Prajapati DR, Pandey S, Kaifi JT, Dodam JR, Bryan JN, Lorson CL, Watrelot AA, Foster JM, Mansell TJ, Joshua Chan SH, Batra SK, Subbiah J, Rachagani S. Red Cabbage Juice-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation Improves Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Ameliorates Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:539. [PMID: 38203712 PMCID: PMC10778654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and can potentially prevent IBD through microbial-derived metabolites, making it a promising therapeutic avenue. Recent evidence suggests that despite an unclear underlying mechanism, red cabbage juice (RCJ) alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Thus, the study aims to unravel the molecular mechanism by which RCJ modulates the gut microbiota to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Using C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated RCJ's protective role in DSS-induced colitis through two cycles of 3% DSS. Mice were daily gavaged with PBS or RCJ until the endpoint, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed via shotgun metagenomics. RCJ treatment significantly improved body weight (p ≤ 0.001), survival in mice (p < 0.001) and reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores. Further, RCJ improved colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of protective colonic mucins (p < 0.001) and tight junction proteins (p ≤ 0.01) in RCJ + DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS group. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (p < 0.05), leading to increased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) activation (p ≤ 0.001). This, in turn, resulted in repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, causing decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our study demonstrates colitis remission in a DSS-induced mouse model, showcasing RCJ as a potential modulator for gut microbiota and metabolites, with promising implications for IBD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jean Wilson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Parsa Ghadermazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (P.G.)
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dipakkumar R. Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - John R. Dodam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Jeffrey N. Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Aude A. Watrelot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Jason M. Foster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mansell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Siu Hung Joshua Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (P.G.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Xin M, Pham Q, Gao Y, Huang H, Jiang X, Li RW, Yu L, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang TTY. Red Cabbage Modulates Composition and Co-Occurrence Networks of Gut Microbiota in a Rodent Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Foods 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 38201113 PMCID: PMC10778922 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Red cabbage (RC), a cruciferous vegetable rich in various bioactive substances, can significantly reduce the risk factors of several non-communicable diseases, but the mechanism underlying the biological effects of RC remains unclear. Furthermore, mechanisms that operate through the regulation of gut microbiota also are not known. Given the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and health, a diet-induced mice obesity model was used to elucidate the influence of RC on gut microbial composition and bacteria-bacteria interactions in mice. After 24 h of dietary intervention, a high-fat (HF) diet with the intake of RC led to increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios in the feces of mice. RC also reduced the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila in mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet. After 8-weeks of dietary intervention, RC significantly changed the structure and the ecological network of the gut microbial community. Particularly, RC inhibited an HF-diet-induced increase in AF12 in mice, and this genus was positively correlated with body weight, low-density lipoprotein level, and fecal bile acid of mice. Unclassified Clostridiales, specifically increased via RC consumption, were also found to negatively correlate with hepatic free cholesterol levels in mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that RC modulating gut microbial composition and interactions are associated with the attenuation of HF-diet-induced body weight gain and altered cholesterol metabolism in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengmeng Xin
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Yu Gao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Haiqiu Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Robert W. Li
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (X.J.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Food Quality Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koyu H, Demir S, Haznedaroglu MZ. Investigation of microwave extraction of red cabbage and its neurotherapeutic potential. J Food Drug Anal 2023; 31:609-625. [PMID: 38526827 PMCID: PMC10962678 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of bioactive compounds with health benefits from food and medicinal plants, optimization of process to reduce solvent, raw material, energy and time consumption has been a valuable research objective. Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources are of critical importance for sustainability goals. In this manner, microwave extraction of red cabbage which has been a mass cultivated plant for food purposes, was optimized for maximizing acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and bioactive content. Quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content were performed using spectrophotometry and UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Optimum conditions were determined as 600 W, 100% ethanol, 12 min for butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory and 800 W, 50% ethanol, 4 min for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Microwave extraction outperformed conventional solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, 70% ethanol and water) in terms of activity and content. The isolated fraction containing major anthocyanins as cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-sophoroside-5-glucoside was identified as the responsible portion for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The dominant anthocyanins rich fraction of the optimum microwave extract can be considered for the production of antityrosinase products, while the identification of inhibitor metabolites for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase can be targeted for future studies considering red cabbage as a valuable source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Koyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli-Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Serdar Demir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zeki Haznedaroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Cigli-Izmir,
Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nadi M, Razavi SMA, Shahrampour D. Fabrication of green colorimetric smart packaging based on basil seed gum/chitosan/ red cabbage anthocyanin for real-time monitoring of fish freshness. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6360-6375. [PMID: 37823104 PMCID: PMC10563753 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel green intelligent films based on basil seed gum (BSG)/chitosan containing red cabbage extract (RCA) (0, 2.5, 5, and 10, % (v/v)) as a colorimetric indicator for food freshness detection were fabricated by casting method. The physicochemical, barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant characteristics, as well as sensitivity to pH and ammonia gas of smart edible packaging films, were investigated. The interaction of anthocyanin extract as a natural dye with biopolymers in films characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM images revealed their suitable compatibility. The film with maximum anthocyanin content (10% (v/v)) appeared robust color changes against various pH and ammonia gas levels. The color of indicator films when exposed to alkaline, neutral and acidic buffers are indicated with green, blue, and red colors, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of smart BSG/chitosan films improved from 23% to 90.32% with increasing RCA content from 2.5 to 10% (v/v). Generally, the incorporation of RCA in film structure enhanced their solubility, WVP, ΔE, turbidity, and flexibility, and reduced tensile strength. The observations successfully confirmed the efficacy of pH-sensitive indicator smart film based on BSG/chitosan for evaluation of fish spoilage during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nadi
- Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of IranFerdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)MashhadIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi
- Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of IranFerdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)MashhadIran
| | - Dina Shahrampour
- Department of Food Safety and Quality ControlResearch Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)MashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vega-Galvez A, Gomez-Perez LS, Zepeda F, Vidal RL, Grunenwald F, Mejías N, Pasten A, Araya M, Ah-Hen KS. Assessment of Bio-Compounds Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata rubra) Processed by Convective Drying at Different Temperatures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1789. [PMID: 37760092 PMCID: PMC10526076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures. Total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins (TAC), and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined using spectrophotometry, amino acid profile by LC-DAD and fatty acid profile by GC-FID. Phenolic characterization was determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays were evaluated in SH-SY5Y human cells, observing the effect on preformed fibrils of α-synuclein. Drying kinetic confirmed a shorter processing time with temperature increase. A high concentration of bio-compounds was observed, especially at 90 °C, with TPC = 1544.04 ± 11.4 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 690.87 ± 4.0 mg QE/100 g and TGC = 5244.9 ± 260.2 µmol SngE/100 g. TAC degraded with temperature. Glutamic acid and arginine were predominant. Fatty acid profiles were relatively stable and were found to be mostly C18:3n3. The neochlorogenic acid was predominant. The extracts had no cytotoxicity and showed a neuroprotective effect at 24 h testing, which can extend in some cases to 48 h. The present findings underpin the use of red cabbage as a functional food ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Galvez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luis S. Gomez-Perez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Francisca Zepeda
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - René L. Vidal
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Gerociencia, Salud Mental y Metabolismo (GERO), Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Felipe Grunenwald
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Nicol Mejías
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Alexis Pasten
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Michael Araya
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Kong Shun Ah-Hen
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fierri I, De Marchi L, Chignola R, Rossin G, Bellumori M, Perbellini A, Mancini I, Romeo A, Ischia G, Saorin A, Mainente F, Zoccatelli G. Nanoencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) through Coacervation of Whey Protein Isolate and Apple High Methoxyl Pectin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1757. [PMID: 37760059 PMCID: PMC10525587 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (-17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fierri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura De Marchi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giacomo Rossin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto F.no, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Anna Perbellini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Ines Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Asia Saorin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Muchiri MN, Vijayalakshmi S, Pyo CG, Oh DH. In Vitro Bioactivities of Commonly Consumed Cereal, Vegetable, and Legume Seeds as Related to Their Bioactive Components: An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS 2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 37627496 PMCID: PMC10451260 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-glycation activities associated with the consumption of broccoli, red cabbage, alfalfa, and buckwheat seeds. Additionally, we explored the relationship between these biological activities and the profiles of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids identified in the seeds. Our findings demonstrated that red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidant potential compared to the alfalfa extract. Moreover, buckwheat displayed the most significant capacity for inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. Remarkably, broccoli and red cabbage demonstrated substantial anti-glycation and lipase inhibitory potentials. We identified the presence of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids in the extracts through untargeted metabolomics analysis. Correlation analysis revealed that pyroglutamic acid positively correlated with all the investigated functional properties. Most polyphenols made positive contributions to the functional properties, with the exception of ferulic acid, which displayed a negative correlation with all tested biological activities. Furthermore, gluconic acid and arabinonic acid among the organic acids identified displayed a positive correlation with all the functional properties. These results strongly support the anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-glycation potential of red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.O.A.); (F.K.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.O.A.); (F.K.O.); (S.V.)
| | - Mary Njeri Muchiri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Karatina University, Nyeri 1957-10101, Kenya;
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.O.A.); (F.K.O.); (S.V.)
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Choi-Geun Pyo
- Department of Barista and Bakery, Gangwon State University, Gangneung 25425, Gangwon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.O.A.); (F.K.O.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bekibele GE, Anacletus FC, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Nwaogazie IL. The protective effect of red cabbage on water-soluble fractions of spent crankcase oil-induced alterations in lipid function biomarkers and atherogenic indices in male Albino rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:39-48. [PMID: 36866218 PMCID: PMC9972813 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent crankcase oil (SCO) contains a cocktail of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), transferred to the associated water-soluble fractions (WSF); and low-dose heavy metals exposures could increase the triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) concentrations. Hence, this study estimated the changes in the lipid profile and atherogenic indices (AI) of male Wistar albino rats exposed to the WSF of SCO and treated with aqueous extracts (AE) of red cabbage (RC) for 60 and 90 days. Sixty-four male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups (8 animals each) were orally administered 1 mL of deionized water, 500 mg/kg AE of RC, 1 mL of 25%, 50%, and 100% WSF of SCO daily for 60 and 90 days, whereas alternate groups were given the stated percentages of the WSF and the AE. Serum TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL concentrations were then analyzed using appropriate kits and the AI estimated thereafter. Although the 60 days study presented a nonsignificant (P < 0.05) difference in the TG, VLDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C levels in all the exposed and treated groups, a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated TC and non-HDL was recorded for the 100% exposed group alone. Also, the LDL concentration of all exposed groups was higher than all treated groups. The findings at the 90th day was different, such that the 100% and 25% exposed only groups had elevated lipid profile (except HDL-C) concentrations and AI compared with other groups. RC extracts can act as good hypolipidemic agents in WSF of SCO hyperlipidemia potentiating events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Bekibele
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - F C Anacletus
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - K C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - I L Nwaogazie
- African Centre of Excellence for Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Choba 500004, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mineykina A, Bondareva L, Soldatenko A, Domblides E. Androgenesis of Red Cabbage in Isolated Microspore Culture In Vitro. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091950. [PMID: 34579482 PMCID: PMC8467632 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Red cabbage belongs to the economically important group of vegetable crops of the Brassicaceae family. A unique feature of this vegetable crop that distinguishes it from other members of the family is its unique biochemical composition characterized by high anthocyanin content, which gives it antioxidant properties. The production mainly uses F1 hybrids, which require constant parental lines, requiring 6–7 generations of inbreeding. Culture of isolated microspores in vitro is currently one of the promising methods for the accelerated production of pure lines with 100% homozygosity. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors and select optimal parameters for successful induction of red cabbage embryogenesis in isolated microspore culture in vitro and subsequent regeneration of DH plants. As a result of research, for the first time, it was possible to carry out the full cycle of obtaining DH plants of red cabbage from the induction of embryogenesis to their inclusion in the breeding process. The size of buds containing predominantly microspores at the late vacuolated stage and pollen at the early bi-cellular stage has to be selected individually for each genotype, because the embryoid yield will be determined by the interaction of these two factors. In the six samples studied, the maximum embryoid yield was obtained from buds 4.1–4.4 mm and 4.5–5.0 mm long, depending on the genotype. Cultivation of microspores was carried out on liquid NLN culture medium with 13% sucrose. The maximum number of embryoids (173.5 ± 7.5 pcs./Petri dish) was obtained on culture medium with pH 5.8 and heat shock at 32 °C for 48 h. Successful embryoid development and plant regeneration by direct germination from shoot apical meristem were achieved on MS culture medium with 2% sucrose and 0.7% agar, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 1 mg/L. Analysis of the obtained regenerated plants, which successfully passed the stage of adaptation to ex vitro conditions by flow cytometry, showed that most of them were doubled haploids (up to 90.9%). A low number of seeds produced by self-fertilization in DH plants was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mineykina
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (E.D.); Tel.: +7-495-599-2442 (A.M.)
| | | | | | - Elena Domblides
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (E.D.); Tel.: +7-495-599-2442 (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
ERDOĞAN Ö, PAŞA S, DEMIRBOLAT GM, ÇEVİK Ö. Green biosynthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron nanoparticles using Brassica Oleracea var capitata sub var rubra ( red cabbage) aqueous peel extract. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:1086-1096. [PMID: 34707435 PMCID: PMC8520397 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The green method of nanoparticle synthesis, which is an environment and living-friendly method, is an updated subject that has appeared as an alternative to conventional methods such as physical and chemical synthesis. In this presented study, the green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) from iron (III) chloride by using Brassica oleracea var. capitata sub.var. rubra aqueous peel extract has been reported. The prepared IONPs were characterized with fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The cytotoxic effects of IONPs on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line were studied by MTT assay, and migrative effect of its were carried out by the wound healing assay. It was found that the mean particle size of IONPs was 675 ± 25 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.265 PDI. It was also determined that these nanoparticles had an anti-proliferative impact on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line depending on the dosage. Characterization results support the successful synthesis of nanoparticles, and the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells also make it a potential chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer ERDOĞAN
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, AydınTurkey
| | - Salih PAŞA
- Department of Science, Faculty of Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, AfyonTurkey
| | - Gülen Melike DEMIRBOLAT
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Özge ÇEVİK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, AydınTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu W, Chen J, Yu D, Chen S, Ye X, Zhang Z. Analysis of Processing Effects on Glucosinolate Profiles in Red Cabbage by LC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode. Molecules 2021; 26:5171. [PMID: 34500612 PMCID: PMC8433700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) continues to receive increasing attention on its health-promoting properties because of its high glucosinolate content. Glucosinolates are an unstable active substance; however, there are few studies on their changes in different cooking processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing methods (boiling, steaming, microwave heating, frying, stir-frying) and boiling time on glucosinolates in red cabbage. Ten glucosinolates, including 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoalyssin, glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin, glucoiberin, progoitrin, gluconapin and sinigrin, in red cabbage were detected. Decreases of 32.36%, 24.83%, 25.27%, 81.11% and 84.29% for total glucosinolates were observed after boiling, microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying. Indole glucosinolates were more efficiently lost compared to aliphatic glucosinolates after boiling, while microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying also resulted in a greater reduction in indole glucosinolates than aliphatic glucosinolates. Glucoalyssin, glucoerucin and sinigrin were more thermal sensitive than other glucosinolates. It was confirmed that microwaving and steaming retained higher levels of glucosinolates than other methods and may be better for cooking red cabbage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Wu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dandan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Kilonzi SM, Shabbir U, Oh DH. Edible Plant Sprouts: Health Benefits, Trends, and Opportunities for Novel Exploration. Nutrients 2021; 13:2882. [PMID: 34445042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant sprouts as part of human day-to-day diets is gradually increasing, and their health benefit is attracting interest across multiple disciplines. The purpose of this review was to (a) critically evaluate the phytochemicals in selected sprouts (alfalfa, buckwheat, broccoli, and red cabbage), (b) describe the health benefits of sprouts, (c) assess the recent advances in sprout production, (d) rigorously evaluate their safety, and (e) suggest directions that merit special consideration for further novel research on sprouts. Young shoots are characterized by high levels of health-benefitting phytochemicals. Their utility as functional ingredients have been extensively described. Tremendous advances in the production and safety of sprouts have been made over the recent past and numerous reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing their nutritional and medicinal properties. However, subjects such as application of sprouted seed flours in processed products, utilizing sprouts as leads in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and assessing the dynamics of a relationship between sprouts and gut health require special attention for future clinical exploration. Sprouting is an effective strategy allowing manipulation of phytochemicals in seeds to improve their health benefits.
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Ibañez P, Roses C, Agudelo A, Milagro FI, Barceló AM, Viadel B, Nieto JA, Moreno DA, Carvajal M. The Influence of Red Cabbage Extract Nanoencapsulated with Brassica Plasma Membrane Vesicles on the Gut Microbiome of Obese Volunteers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051038. [PMID: 34068672 PMCID: PMC8151636 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the red cabbage extracts on the bioaccessibility of their isothiocyanates, and their effect on the intestinal microbiota using a dynamic model of human digestion treated with the gut microbiome of obese adults. The elicitation of red cabbage plants with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) duplicated the content of glucosinolates (GSLs) in the plant organs used for elaborating the encapsulated formula. The use of plasma membrane vesicles, according to a proper methodology and technology, showed a high retention of sulforaphane (SFN) and indol-3-carbinol (I3C) over the course of the 14-day digestion study. The microbiome was scarcely affected by the treatments in terms of microbiota composition or the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, but a 3 to 4-fold increase was observed in the production of butyric acid with the encapsulated extract treatment. Based on our pilot red cabbage extract study, the consumption of this extract, mainly encapsulated, may play a potential role in the management of obesity in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carles Roses
- Servei de Genòmica I Bioinformàtica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Agatha Agudelo
- Sakata Seed Ibérica S.L., Pl. Poeta Vicente Gaos, 6 Bajo, 46021 Valencia, Spain;
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, UPV, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, 289029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Barceló
- Servei de Genòmica I Bioinformàtica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Blanca Viadel
- AINIA, Technology Centre, C/Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (B.V.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- AINIA, Technology Centre, C/Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (B.V.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Erper I, Ozer G, Kalendar R, Avci S, Yildirim E, Alkan M, Turkkan M. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Isolates Associated with Red Cabbage in Samsun (Turkey). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030234. [PMID: 33801129 PMCID: PMC8004240 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 132 Rhizoctonia isolates were recovered from red cabbage plants with root rot and wirestem symptoms in the province of Samsun (Turkey) between 2018 and 2019. Based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region located between the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes and including nuclear staining, these 124 isolates were assigned to multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani, and eight were binucleate Rhizoctonia. The most prevalent anastomosis group (AG) was AG 4 (84%), which was subdivided into AG 4 HG-I (81%) and AG 4 HG-III (3%), followed by AG 5 (10%) and AG-A (6%), respectively. The unweighted pair group method phylogenetic tree resulting from the data of 68 isolates with the inter-PBS amplification DNA profiling method based on interspersed retrotransposon element sequences confirmed the differentiation of AGs with a higher resolution. In the greenhouse experiment with representative isolates (n = 24) from AGs on red cabbage (cv. Rondale), the disease severity index was between 3.33 and 4.0 for multinucleate AG isolates and ranged from 2.5 to 3.17 for AG-A isolates. In the pathogenicity assay of six red cabbage cultivars, one isolate for each AG was tested using a similar method, and all cultivars were susceptible to AG 4 HG-I and AG 4 HG-III isolates. Redriver and Remale were moderately susceptible, while Rescue, Travero, Integro, and Rondale were susceptible to the AG 5 isolate. The results indicate that the most prevalent and aggressive AGs of Rhizoctonia are devastating pathogens to red cabbage, which means that rotation with nonhost-crops for these AGs may be the most effective control strategy. This is the first comprehensive study of Rhizoctonia isolates in red cabbage using a molecular approach to assess genetic diversity using iPBS-amplified DNA profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Erper
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (S.A.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720044, Kyrgyzstan
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +9036-2457-6034 (I.E.); +3585-0448-3505 (R.K.)
| | - Goksel Ozer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Ruslan Kalendar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +9036-2457-6034 (I.E.); +3585-0448-3505 (R.K.)
| | - Sirin Avci
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (S.A.); (E.Y.)
| | - Elif Yildirim
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (S.A.); (E.Y.)
| | - Mehtap Alkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey; (G.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Muharrem Turkkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
XIE Y, CHEN H, GE L, HUO S, FAN C, Lü M. [Rapid screening and confirmation of 415 pesticide residues in red cabbages by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2021; 39:301-315. [PMID: 34227311 PMCID: PMC9403803 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous rapid screening and accurate confirmation of 415 pesticide residues in red cabbages was established using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) with single acquisition. In the established method, the pesticides in red cabbage were extracted using acetonitrile-acetic acid (99∶1, v/v) and salted-out using anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The resultant solution was then cleaned-up by automatic solid phase extraction using a Carbon/NH2 cartridge. The SPE cartridge was activated with 4 mL acetonitrile-toluene (3∶1, v/v) and the effluents were discarded. The resultant solution was transferred to the Carbon/NH2 cartridge, using 3×2 mL acetonitrile-toluene (3∶1, v/v) to wash the test sample concentrate bottle, and waited until the surface of the test sample concentrate liquid reached the top layer of anhydrous Na2SO4 before transferring the washing liquid to the cartridge. A 30-mL reservoir was attached to the upper part of the SPE cartridge and 25 mL acetonitrile-toluene (3∶1, v/v) was used to wash the SPE cartridge again. The eluent was evaporated in the glass tube in a water bath at 37 ℃ and shaking speed 150 r/min to reduce the volume to 0.5 mL. Nitrogen was used to dry the concentrates, and the residues were dissolved in 1.0 mL acetonitrile-water (3∶2, v/v), homogenized by ultrasonication, and passed through 0.22-μm filtering membrane before determination. The dissolved sample solution was loaded onto a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) and separated under gradient elution using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the binary mobile phase. The eluent from the column was further detected by QTOF/MS under electrospray positive ionization in the MS/MS scanning mode. A matrix-matched external calibration method was used for quantitation. By optimizing the different parameters under Auto MS/MS and All Ions MS/MS acquisition modes, the optimal conditions for All Ions MS/MS under each acquisition mode were obtained, which were then compared for selection of a better mode. The results demonstrated that the developed method can be used to accurately screen and quantify all 415 pesticides in red cabbage. The linear regression correlation coefficients (r2) for the 415 pesticides were all greater than 0.990 in the corresponding linear concentration range. In addition, the screening detection limits (SDL) of 411 pesticides were no more than 5 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of 413 pesticides were no more than 10 μg/kg. At the spiked levels of LOQ, two-fold LOQ, and 10-fold LOQ, the recoveries were in the ranges of 65.7%-118.4%, 72.0%-118.8% and 70.2%-111.2%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the ranges of 0.9%-19.7%, 0.2%-19.9% and 0.6%-19.9%, respectively. The method was applied to detect pesticide residues in the red cabbage samples provided by the 2019 European proficiency test project for unknown pesticide screening (EUPT-SM-11) and accurate quantitation (EUPT-FV-21). For EUPT-SM-11, all the spiked and incurred pesticides in red cabbage were qualified accurately, without false positives or false negatives. This is completely consistent with the final results published by the EU official. For EUPT-FV-21, there were 19 non-volatile pesticides that can be detected by LC-MS, which were then accurately quantitated with the corresponding pesticide standard. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate and reliable. It is also rapid and time-saving, and can be used for high-throughput screening and quantitative determination of pesticide residues in cabbage. It can also be extended to other fruits and vegetable matrices.
Collapse
|
16
|
Izzo L, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, Narváez A, Ritieni A. Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Red Cabbage Extract Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E955. [PMID: 33036251 PMCID: PMC7601900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red cabbage is a native vegetable of the Mediterranean region that represents one of the major sources of anthocyanins. The aim of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant capability and total polyphenol content (TPC) of a red cabbage extract and to compare acquired data with those from the same extract encapsulated in an acid-resistant capsule. The extract, which was qualitatively and quantitatively profiled by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, contained a high content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, whereas non-anthocyanin flavonoids were the less abundant compounds. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion system was utilized to follow the extract's metabolism in humans and to evaluate its colon bioaccessibility. Data obtained showed that during gastrointestinal digestion, the total polyphenol content of the extract digested in the acid-resistant capsule in the Pronase E stage resulted in a higher concentration value compared to the extract digested without the capsule. Reasonably, these results could be attributed to the metabolization process by human colonic microflora and to the genesis of metabolites with greater bioactivity and more beneficial effects. The use of red cabbage extract encapsulated in an acid-resistant capsule could improve the polyphenols' bioaccessibility and be proposed as a red cabbage-based nutraceutical formulation for counteracting stress oxidative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.); (A.R.)
- Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Horiuchi R, Nishizaki Y, Okawa N, Ogino A, Sasaki N. Identification of the Biosynthetic Pathway for Anthocyanin Triglucoside, the Precursor of Polyacylated Anthocyanin, in Red Cabbage. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9750-9758. [PMID: 32786819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Red cabbage anthocyanin is utilized as a natural food colorant because of its stable and brilliant coloration. The major anthocyanin of red cabbage is cyanidin (Cy) mono- and di-acyltriglucoside; however, the biosynthetic pathway to generate this anthocyanin remains unclear. We isolated and identified four uridine diphosphate-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase (UGT) cDNAs from red cabbage using RNA-seq. UGTs are involved in Cy triglucoside (CytriG) synthesis, the precursor of Cy acyltriglucoside. Enzymatic assays using recombinant proteins suggested that UGT78D5 encodes Cy 3GT, UGT79B45 encodes Cy 3-glucoside GT, UGT75C2 encodes Cy 3-sophoroside (Cy3Sp) 5GT, and UGT79B44 encodes flavonol 3-glucoside GT. Anthocyanin GT assays using crude proteins prepared from red cabbage suggested that CytriG is produced from intermediate products in the following order: Cy, Cy3G, Cy3Sp, and CytriG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riko Horiuchi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University 1-1-1, Izumino, Itaklura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nishizaki
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Okawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University 1-1-1, Izumino, Itaklura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ogino
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University 1-1-1, Izumino, Itaklura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University 1-1-1, Izumino, Itaklura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Platosz N, Bączek N, Topolska J, Szawara-Nowak D, Misztal T, Wiczkowski W. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Is Selective for Red Cabbage Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8274-8285. [PMID: 32640787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine whether strongly bioactive hydrophilic red cabbage anthocyanins possess the ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (blood-CSF barrier) and whether there is a selectivity of this barrier toward these compounds. To fulfill objectives, red cabbage preparation, containing nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins, was administered to 16 sheep with implanted cannulas into the brain third ventricle, and next, within 10 h, blood, urine, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected and analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS. Though, in blood plasma and urine after red cabbage intake, both, acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins and their metabolites occurred, but only nonacylated derivatives were present in the CSF, and their changes in the profile and concentration in the CSF resulted from the fluctuation of these pigments' concentration and profile in blood, their different abilities to permeate via the blood-CSF barrier, and their transformations in this barrier. Results indicate that the blood-CSF barrier is selective for red cabbage anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Platosz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabl̷onna, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang S, Meng Q, Liu W. Isolation of High Purity Anthocyanin Monomers from Red Cabbage with Recycling Preparative Liquid Chromatography and Their Photostability. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23050991. [PMID: 29695065 PMCID: PMC6099797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins from red cabbage are of great importance for their applications in the food industry as natural colorants and their beneficial effects on human wellness as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to develop an effective method for the isolation of anthocyanins with the help of a combination of alternate recycling and direct recycling preparative liquid chromatography. Ten major components of anthocyanins from red cabbage were isolated and their structures were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. Meanwhile, the stability of the isolated anthocyanins under various light conditions was also investigated so as to provide data for their storage. In sum, the results showed that twin column recycling preparative chromatography is an effective method for the isolation of anthocyanin monomers with similar structures. Besides, the stability of various anthocyanins from red cabbage was related to the number of acylated groups and mainly affected by illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Zikun Wang
- Analytic Center, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Hanghang Zhang
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Ethnic Medicine Institute, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Qingyan Meng
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hosseini A, Sobhanifar MA, Forouzanfar F, Aghaee A, Rakhshandeh H. Hypnotic Effect of Red Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea) on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Mice. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2018; 10:48-53. [PMID: 29657508 PMCID: PMC5887652 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_215_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was performed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of red cabbage and its fractions on sleeping behavior in mice. Materials and Methods: The extract and its fractions were injected to mice and sleep duration as well as sleep latency were recorded. Furthermore, toxicity of the extract was determined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: The extract increased sleep duration at doses of 50–200mg/kg (P < 0.001). This observed hypnotic effect was comparable to that of diazepam (3mg/kg) (P < 0.001 in comparison with control group). Ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions could increase sleep duration (P < 0.001). The sleep latency was decreased by the extract (P < 0.001) and only ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.001). LD50 value for red cabbage extract was 2.4g/kg. There was no toxic effect on viability of cultured neuronal cells (PC12). Rotarod test results showed that there were no significant differences between the extract groups and the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that red cabbage potentiates pentobarbital hypnosis without any toxic effect. The main component(s) responsible for this effect is most likely to be intermediate polar agent(s) such as flavonoids, which are found in ethyl acetate fraction of this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Sobhanifar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azita Aghaee
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Podsędek A, Majewska I, Kucharska AZ. Inhibitory Potential of Red Cabbage against Digestive Enzymes Linked to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7192-7199. [PMID: 28753316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Assays of the inhibitory potential against enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid digestion (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) as well as the total contents of phenolics and anthocyanins, anthocyanin profile, and antioxidant capacity revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between five varieties of red cabbage. Among the varieties, the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.87 ± 0.12 mg dry weight (DW) of cabbage/mL) and lipase (IC50 = 1.57 ± 0.06 mg DW/mL) was exhibited by the Koda variety, which showed the highest antioxidant capacity in ABTS (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) = 141 ± 4.71 μmol/g DW) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (TEAC = 125 ± 1.94 μmol/g DW) assays and had the highest total phenolics level (19.6 ± 0.48 mg/g DW). The highest total anthocyanin content (12.0 ± 0.16 mg/g DW) and inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 69.0 ± 3.65 mg DW of cabbage/mL) was shown by the Kissendrup variety. The anthocyanin profiles of these two varieties were characterized by the highest percentages of diacylated cyanidin derivatives. There was no correlation between the contents of phenolic compounds and lipase inhibitory activity, but inhibition of α-amylase was correlated with concentrations of monoacylated and diacylated anthocyanins, while inhibition of α-glucosidase increased with total phenolics and diacylated anthocyanins levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Iwona Majewska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology , Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Selby-Pham SNB, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR, Ng K, Bennett LE, Howell KS. Dietary Phytochemicals Promote Health by Enhancing Antioxidant Defence in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:E758. [PMID: 28708113 PMCID: PMC5537872 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich diets are protective against chronic diseases and mediate their protective effect by regulation of oxidative stress (OS). However, it is proposed that under some circumstances, phytochemicals can promote production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, which might drive OS-mediated signalling. Here, we investigated the effects of administering single doses of extracts of red cabbage and grape skin to pigs. Blood samples taken at baseline and 30 min intervals for 4 hours following intake were analyzed by measures of antioxidant status in plasma, including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In addition, dose-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by the same extracts was measured in untreated commercial pig plasma in vitro. Plasma from treated pigs showed extract dose-dependent increases in non-enzymatic (plasma TEAC) and enzymatic (GPx) antioxidant capacities. Similarly, extract dose-dependent increases in H₂O₂ were observed in commercial pig plasma in vitro. The antioxidant responses to extracts by treated pigs were highly correlated with their respective yields of H₂O₂ production in vitro. These results support that dietary phytochemicals regulate OS via direct and indirect antioxidant mechanisms. The latter may be attributed to the ability to produce H₂O₂ and to thereby stimulate cellular antioxidant defence systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ken Ng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Louise E Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Kate S Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang H, Jiang X, Xiao Z, Yu L, Pham Q, Sun J, Chen P, Yokoyama W, Yu LL, Luo YS, Wang TTY. Red Cabbage Microgreens Lower Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Liver Cholesterol, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:9161-9171. [PMID: 27933986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Population studies, as well as animal and intervention studies, support the consumption of a variety of vegetables as a means to reduce CVD risk through modulation of hypercholesterolemia. Microgreens of a variety of vegetables and herbs have been reported to be more nutrient dense compared to their mature counterparts. However, little is known about the effectiveness of microgreens in affecting lipid and cholesterol levels. The present study used a rodent diet-induced obesity (DIO) model to address this question. C57BL/6NCr mice (n = 60, male, 5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six feeding groups: (1) low-fat diet; (2) high-fat diet; (3) low-fat diet + 1.09% red cabbage microgreens; (4) low-fat diet + 1.66% mature red cabbage; (5) high-fat diet + 1.09% red cabbage microgreens; (6) high-fat diet + 1.66% mature red cabbage. The animals were on their respective diets for 8 weeks. We found microgreen supplementation attenuated high-fat diet induced weight gain. Moreover, supplementation with microgreens significantly lowered circulating LDL levels in animals fed the high-fat diet and reduced hepatic cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol levels, and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. These data suggest that microgreens can modulate weight gain and cholesterol metabolism and may protect against CVD by preventing hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhenlei Xiao
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Agriculture, Culinology and Hospitality Management, Southwest Minnesota State University , Marshall, Minnesota 56258, United States
| | - Lu Yu
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yaguang Sunny Luo
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang N, Qi Y, Zhang HJ, Wang X, Li H, Shi Y, Guo YD. Genistein: A Novel Anthocyanin Synthesis Promoter that Directly Regulates Biosynthetic Genes in Red Cabbage in a Light-Dependent Way. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1804. [PMID: 27990149 PMCID: PMC5130974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GNT), an isoflavone, is used in the clinical treatment of various health disorders. GNT is found in primary food source plants and some medical plants. However, studies on the functions of GNT in plants are rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrated that GNT plays an important role in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage. GNT solutions (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) as foliar fertilizers were applied to red cabbage. Consequently, anthocyanin accumulation in red cabbage increased in a light-dependent manner. GNT solution at 30 mg/L exhibited the optimal effect on anthocyanin accumulation, which was twice that of the control. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that GNT application upregulated the expression of all structural genes, contributing to anthocyanin biosynthesis under light conditions. Under dark conditions, GNT exerted no significant promotive effect on anthocyanin accumulation; only early biosynthetic genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis responded to GNT. The promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin biosynthesis is directly attributable to the regulation of structural gene expression. Transcription factors exhibited no response to GNT. The levels of anthocyanin in red cabbage positively correlated with the enzyme activities of antioxidant systems. This finding correlation suggested that the promotive effect of GNT on anthocyanin levels was correlated with improved antioxidant activity in the red cabbage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Agriculture Technology Extension StationBeijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yantong Shi
- Beijing Agriculture Technology Extension StationBeijing, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Socquet-Juglard D, Bennett AA, Manns DC, Mansfield AK, Robbins RJ, Collins TM, Griffiths PD. Effects of Growth Temperature and Postharvest Cooling on Anthocyanin Profiles in Juvenile and Mature Brassica oleracea. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1484-1493. [PMID: 26828966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of growth temperatures on anthocyanin content and profile were tested on juvenile cabbage and kale plants. The effects of cold storage time were evaluated on both juvenile and mature plants. The anthocyanin content in juvenile plants ranged from 3.82 mg of cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside equivalent (Cy equiv)/g of dry matter (dm) at 25 °C to 10.00 mg of Cy equiv/g of dm at 16 °C, with up to 76% diacylated anthocyanins. Cold storage of juvenile plants decreased the total amount of anthocyanins but increased the diacylated anthocyanin content by 3-5%. In mature plants, cold storage reduced the total anthocyanin content from 22 to 12.23 mg/g after 5 weeks of storage in red cabbage, while the total anthocyanin content increased after 2 weeks of storage from 2.34 to 3.66 mg of Cy equiv/g of dm in kale without having any effect on acylation in either morphotype. The results obtained in this study will be useful for optimizing anthocyanin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca J Robbins
- Analytical and Applied Sciences Group, Mars, Incorporated , 800 High Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey 07840, United States
| | - Thomas M Collins
- Analytical and Applied Sciences Group, Mars, Incorporated , 800 High Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey 07840, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kataya HAH, Hamza AA. Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 5:281-7. [PMID: 18830445 PMCID: PMC2529380 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The protective action against oxidative stress of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extract was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Throughout the experimental period (60 days), diabetic rats exhibited many symptoms including loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, renal enlargement and renal dysfunction. Significant increase in malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, was observed in diabetic kidney. This was accompanied by a significant increase in reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in catalase activity and in the total antioxidant capacity of the kidneys. Daily oral ingestion (1 g/kg body weight) of B. oleracea extract for 60 days reversed the adverse effect of diabetes in rats. B. oleracea extract lowered blood glucose levels and restored renal function and body weight loss. In addition, B. oleracea extract attenuated the adverse effect of diabetes on malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity as well as catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity of diabetic kidneys. In conclusion, the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of B. oleracea extract may offer a potential therapeutic source for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A H Kataya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, PO Box: 17555, UAE
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hafidh RR, Abdulamir AS, Vern LS, Abu Bakar F, Abas F, Jahanshiri F, Sekawi Z. Inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens by a natural product. Open Microbiol J 2011; 5:96-106. [PMID: 21915230 PMCID: PMC3171003 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801105010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous escalation of resistant bacteria against a wide range of antibiotics necessitates discovering novel unconventional sources of antibiotics. B. oleracea L (red cabbage) is health-promoting food with proven anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it has not been researched adequately for its antimicrobial activity on potential resistant pathogens. The methanol crude extract of B. oleracea L. was investigated for a possible anti-microbial activity. The screening method was conducted using disc diffusion assay against 22 pathogenic bacteria and fungi. It was followed by evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Moreover, the antibacterial and the antifungal activities were confirmed using the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), respectively. Remarkable, antibacterial activity was evident particularly against highly infectious microorganisms such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as well as against human fungal pathogens, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus terreus. Red cabbage is a rich source of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins being the most abundant class, which might explain its potent antimicrobial action. This extract is potentially novel for future antimicrobials, inexpensive, and readily available at a large scale for pharmaceutical companies for further investigation and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rand R Hafidh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad-Iraq
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|