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Yang A, Luo Y, Yang J, Xie T, Wang W, Wan X, Wang K, Pang D, Yang D, Dai H, Wu J, Meng S, Guo J, Wang Z, Shen S. Quantitation of Enterovirus A71 Empty and Full Particles by Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Viruses 2024; 16:573. [PMID: 38675915 PMCID: PMC11053756 DOI: 10.3390/v16040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The enterovirus A71 (EV71) inactivated vaccine is an effective intervention to control the spread of the virus and prevent EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is widely administered to infants and children in China. The empty particles (EPs) and full particles (FPs) generated during production have different antigenic and immunogenic properties. However, the antigen detection methods currently used were established without considering the differences in antigenicity between EPs and FPs. There is also a lack of other effective analytical methods for detecting the different particle forms, which hinders the consistency between batches of products. In this study, we analyzed the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) in characterizing the EPs and FPs of EV71. Our results showed that the proportions of the two forms could be quantified simultaneously by SV-AUC. We also determined the repeatability and accuracy of this method and found that both parameters were satisfactory. We assessed SV-AUC for bulk vaccine quality control, and our findings indicated that SV-AUC can be used effectively to analyze the percentage of EPs and FPs and monitor the consistency of the process to ensure the quality of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yun Luo
- The Research Core Facilities for Life Science (HUST), College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Tingbo Xie
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Hanyu Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China (J.Y.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Provincial Vaccines Technology Innozation Center, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Wuhan 430207, China
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Xu X, Zhang A, Xu Y, Cao Y, Cale S, Franklin M, Sarangapani P, Ihnat PM, Qiu H, Liu D, Pyles EA, Shameem M, Li N. Deciphering the high viscosity of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody in high concentration formulations by microdialysis-hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2022:S0022-3549(22)00001-6. [PMID: 34999091 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentration formulations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly desired for subcutaneous injection. However, high concentration formulations can exhibit unusual molecular behaviors, such as high viscosity or aggregation, that present challenges for manufacturing and administration. To understand the molecular mechanism of the high viscosity exhibited by high concentration protein formulations, we analyzed a human IgG4 (mAb1) at high protein concentrations using sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC), X-ray crystallography, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and protein surface patches analysis. Particularly, we developed a microdialysis HDX-MS method to determine intermolecular interactions at different protein concentrations. SV-AUC revealed that mAb1 displayed a propensity for self-association of Fab-Fab, Fab-Fc, and Fc-Fc. mAb1 crystal structure and HDX-MS results demonstrated self-association between complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and Fc through electrostatic interactions. HDX-MS also indicated Fab-Fab interactions through hydrophobic surface patches constructed by mAb1 CDRs. Our multi-method approach, including fast screening of SV-AUC as well as interface analysis by X-ray crystallography and HDX-MS, helped to elucidate the high viscosity of mAb1 at high concentrations as induced by self-associations of Fab-Fc and Fab-Fab.
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Patil SM, Nguyen J, Keire DA, Chen K. Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation Analysis of Marketed Rituximab Drug Product Size Distribution. Pharm Res 2020; 37:238. [PMID: 33155155 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analytical methods suitable for intact drug products are often necessary to evaluate the equivalence in physicochemical properties between two drug products (DP) containing the same drug substance (DS), e.g., an innovator biologic drug and its proposed biosimilar. Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a biophysics technique applied to the analysis of size and shape of biomolecules. However, the application of AUC to formulated monoclonal antibody (mAb) DP at high concentration has not been reported. METHODS A sedimentation velocity (SV) AUC procedure with a short-pathlength centerpiece was applied to two marketed rituximab DPs, Rituxan® (US) and Reditux® (India), without any buffer exchange or dilution. Detailed precision analysis was performed. RESULTS Highly reproducible sedimentation coefficient values (S) and peak areas were obtained for the dominant (> 84%) monomeric rituximab peak. The minor mAb fragment peaks had large variation in both S values and peak areas (3-12%). The identification of oligomer peaks was only reproducible once the abundance was higher than 2%. CONCLUSIONS SV-AUC provides an orthogonal characterization tool for protein size distribution, composition and assay, which could be informative for biosimilar drug developers who mostly only have access to formulated mAb. However, AUC needs thorough validation on its accuracy, precision and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadrao M Patil
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - John Nguyen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David A Keire
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
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