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Boyle MJ, Chan JA, Handayuni I, Reiling L, Feng G, Hilton A, Kurtovic L, Oyong D, Piera KA, Barber BE, William T, Eisen DP, Minigo G, Langer C, Drew DR, de Labastida Rivera F, Amante FH, Williams TN, Kinyanjui S, Marsh K, Doolan DL, Engwerda C, Fowkes FJI, Grigg MJ, Mueller I, McCarthy JS, Anstey NM, Beeson JG. IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax4489. [PMID: 31579826 PMCID: PMC6760923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on human immunity to malaria have focused on the roles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas the roles of IgM remain undefined. Analyzing multiple human cohorts to assess the dynamics of malaria-specific IgM during experimentally induced and naturally acquired malaria, we identified IgM activity against blood-stage parasites. We found that merozoite-specific IgM appears rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and is prominent during malaria in children and adults with lifetime exposure, together with IgG. Unexpectedly, IgM persisted for extended periods of time; we found no difference in decay of merozoite-specific IgM over time compared to that of IgG. IgM blocked merozoite invasion of red blood cells in a complement-dependent manner. IgM was also associated with significantly reduced risk of clinical malaria in a longitudinal cohort of children. These findings suggest that merozoite-specific IgM is an important functional and long-lived antibody response targeting blood-stage malaria parasites that contributes to malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Boyle
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
| | - J. A. Chan
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I. Handayuni
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - L. Reiling
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Feng
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Hilton
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Oyong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - K. A. Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B. E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - T. William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D. P. Eisen
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - C. Langer
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. R. Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - F. H. Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T. N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S. Kinyanjui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. L. Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F. J. I. Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - I. Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J. S. McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N. M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J. G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
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Gyawali P, Ahmed W, Sidhu JPS, Nery SV, Clements AC, Traub R, McCarthy JS, Llewellyn S, Jagals P, Toze S. Quantitative detection of viable helminth ova from raw wastewater, human feces, and environmental soil samples using novel PMA-qPCR methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18639-18648. [PMID: 27306209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) to differentiate between viable and non-viable Ancylostoma caninum ova. The newly developed method was validated using raw wastewater seeded with known numbers of A. caninum ova. Results of this study confirmed that PMA-qPCR has resulted in average of 88 % reduction (P < 0.05) in gene copy numbers for 50 % viable +50 % non-viable when compared with 100 % viable ova. A reduction of 100 % in gene copies was observed for 100 % non-viable ova when compared with 100 % viable ova. Similar reductions (79-80 %) in gene copies were observed for A. caninum ova-seeded raw wastewater samples (n = 18) collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) A and B. The newly developed PMA-qPCR method was applied to determine the viable ova of different helminths (A. caninum, A. duodenale, Necator americanus and Ascaris lumbricoides) in raw wastewater, human fecal and soil samples. None of the unseeded wastewater samples were positive for the above-mentioned helminths. N. americanus and A. lumbricoides ova were found in unseeded human fecal and soil samples. For the unseeded human fecal samples (1 g), an average gene copy concentration obtained from qPCR and PMA-qPCR was found to be similar (6.8 × 10(5) ± 6.4 × 10(5) and 6.3 × 10(5) ± 4.7 × 10(5)) indicating the presence of viable N. americanus ova. Among the 24 unseeded soil samples tested, only one was positive for A. lumbricoides. The mean gene copy concentration in the positively identified soil sample was 1.0 × 10(5) ± 1.5 × 10(4) (determined by qPCR) compared to 4.9 × 10(4) ± 3.7 × 10(3) (determined by PMA-qPCR). The newly developed PMA-qPCR methods were able to detect viable helminth ova from wastewater and soil samples and could be adapted for health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gyawali
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - W Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - J P S Sidhu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - S V Nery
- Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A C Clements
- Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - R Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - J S McCarthy
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - S Llewellyn
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - P Jagals
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - S Toze
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Liu X, Walton SF, Murray HC, King M, Kelly A, Holt DC, Currie BJ, McCarthy JS, Mounsey KE. Crusted scabies is associated with increased IL-17 secretion by skin T cells. Parasite Immunol 2015; 36:594-604. [PMID: 25040151 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is an ectoparasitic infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Although commonly self-limiting, a fraction of patients develop severely debilitating crusted scabies. The immune mechanisms underlying the development of crusted scabies are unclear, and undertaking longitudinal infection studies in humans is difficult. We utilized a porcine model to compare cellular immune responses in peripheral blood and skin of pigs with different clinical manifestations of scabies (n = 12), and in uninfected controls (n = 6). Although clinical symptoms were not evident until at least 4 weeks post-infestation, the numbers of peripheral IFNγ-secreting CD4(+) T cells and γδ T cells increased in infected pigs from week 1 post-infestation. γδ T cells remained increased in the blood at week 15 post-infestation. At week 15, skin cell infiltrates from pigs with crusted scabies had significantly higher CD8(+) T cell, γδ T cell and IL-17(+) cell numbers than those with ordinary scabies. Peripheral IL-17 levels were not increased, suggesting that localized skin IL-17-secreting T cells may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of crusted scabies development. Given the potential of anti-IL-17 immunotherapy demonstrated for other inflammatory skin diseases, this study may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with recurrent crusted scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Inflammation & Healing Research Cluster, School of Health & Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia
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Woodberry T, Minigo G, Piera KA, Amante FH, Pinzon-Charry A, Good MF, Lopez JA, Engwerda CR, McCarthy JS, Anstey NM. Low-Level Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Infection Causes Dendritic Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction in Healthy Volunteers. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:333-40. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Kopp SR, Kotze AC, McCarthy JS, Morton JM, Coleman GT. Strategies for the Storage of Ancylostoma caninum Third-Stage Larvae. J Parasitol 2008; 94:755-6. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1301.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Skinner-Adams TS, McCarthy JS, Gardiner DL, Andrews KT. HIV and malaria co-infection: interactions and consequences of chemotherapy. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:264-71. [PMID: 18456554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and malaria overlap because a significant number of HIV-infected individuals live in regions with different levels of malaria transmission. Although the consequences of co-infection with HIV and malaria parasites are not fully understood, available evidence suggests that the infections act synergistically and together result in worse outcomes. The importance of understanding chemotherapeutic interactions during malaria and HIV co-infection is now being recognized. We know that some antimalarial drugs have weak antiretroviral effects; however, recent studies have also demonstrated that certain antiretroviral agents can inhibit malaria-parasite growth. Here, we discuss recent findings on the impact of HIV/AIDS and malaria co-infection and the possible roles of chemotherapy in improving the treatment of these diseases.
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Kopp SR, Kotze AC, McCarthy JS, Morton JM, Coleman GT. Strategies for the Storage of Ancylostoma caninum Third-Stage Larvae. J Parasitol 2008. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1301r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Blackhall WJ, McCarthy JS, Skuce PJ. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for benzimidazole resistance in veterinary nematodes. Parasitology 2007; 134:1077-86. [PMID: 17608967 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYResistance to the benzimidazole class of anthelmintics in nematodes of veterinary importance has a long history. Research into the mechanisms responsible for this resistance is subsequently at a more advanced stage than for other classes of anthelmintics. The principal mechanism of resistance to benzimidazoles is likely to involve changes in the primary structure of β-tubulins, the building blocks of microtubules. Specifically, point mutations in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene leading to amino acid substitutions in codons 167, 198, and 200 of the protein have been associated with resistance in nematodes. These single nucleotide polymorphisms offer a means of detecting the presence of resistance within populations. In this mini-review, we focus on the prevalence and importance of these polymorphisms in three groups of nematodes: trichostrongylids, cyathostomins, and hookworms. A brief overview of existing strategies for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms is also presented. The CARS initiative hopes to exploit these known polymorphisms to further our understanding of the phenomenon of BZ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Bünteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany.
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Abstract
Malaria remains the third leading cause of death attributable to an infectious disease worldwide, with an estimated death toll of over 2 million per year, predominately in sub-Saharan Africa. The first serious attempt to eradicate this disease was unsuccessful, and 50 years later in 1998 a second programme coined "roll back malaria" was started. While this programme is at present unlikely to reach its stated aims, the completion of the genome sequencing projects on the human host, the mosquito vector, and the malaria parasite offers new hope. It is probable that the burden of disease caused by the most malignant form of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum can be, if not eliminated, then effectively suppressed within a generation through new and novel treatments aimed at all three arms of malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Gardiner
- Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Kotze AC, Coleman GT, Mai A, McCarthy JS. Field evaluation of anthelmintic drug sensitivity using in vitro egg hatch and larval motility assays with Necator americanus recovered from human clinical isolates. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35:445-53. [PMID: 15777920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A field-applicable assay for testing anthelmintic sensitivity is required to monitor for anthelmintic resistance. We undertook a study to evaluate the ability of three in vitro assay systems to define drug sensitivity of clinical isolates of the human hookworm parasite Necator americanus recovered from children resident in a village in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The assays entailed observation of drug effects on egg hatch (EHA), larval development (LDA), and motility of infective stage larvae (LMA). The egg hatch assay proved the best method for assessing the response to benzimidazole anthelmintics, while the larval motility assay was suitable for assessing the response to ivermectin. The performance of the larval development assay was unsatisfactory on account of interference caused by contaminating bacteria. A simple protocol was developed whereby stool samples were subdivided and used for immediate egg recovery, as well as for faecal culture, in order to provide eggs and infective larvae, respectively, for use in the egg hatch assay and larval motility assay systems. While the assays proved effective in quantifying drug sensitivity in larvae of the drug-susceptible hookworms examined in this study, their ability to indicate drug resistance in larval or adult hookworms remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kotze
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
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Kotze AC, Clifford S, O'Grady J, Behnke JM, McCarthy JS. An in vitro larval motility assay to determine anthelmintic sensitivity for human hookworm and Strongyloides species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 71:608-16. [PMID: 15569793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of programs to control lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminths using broad spectrum anthelmintics, including albendazole and ivermectin, there is a need to develop an in vitro assay for detection of drug resistance. This report describes an in vitro assay for measuring the effects of ivermectin and benzimidazoles on the motility of larvae of the hookworm species Ancylostoma ceylanicum, A. caninum, and Necator americanus, and Strongyloides species including Strongyloides stercoralis, and S. ratti. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated with each of the parasite species, with distinct differences observed between the various species. In pilot field testing of the assay with N. americanus larvae recovered from human fecal samples, a dose-response relationship was observed with ivermectin. While the assay has demonstrated the ability to determine drug responsiveness, its usefulness in resistance detection will require correlation with the clinical outcome among individuals infected with parasite strains showing different drug sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kotze
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
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Abstract
Human scabies, caused by skin infestation with the arthropod mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, typically results in a papular, intensely pruritic eruption involving the interdigital spaces, and flexure creases. Recent research has led to a reassessment of the morbidity attributable to this parasite in endemic communities, particularly resulting from secondary skin sepsis and postinfective complications including glomerulonephritis. This has led to studies of the benefits of community based control programmes, and to concerns regarding the emergence of drug resistance when such strategies are employed. The renewed research interest into the biology of this infection has resulted in the application of molecular tools. This has established that canine and human scabies populations are genetically distinct, a finding with major implications for the formulation of public health control policies. Further research is needed to increase understanding of drug resistance, and to identify new drug targets and potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
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McCarthy JS, Tannock IF, Degendorfer P, Panzarella T, Furlan M, Siu LL. A Phase II trial of docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:686-90. [PMID: 12167421 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A Phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of docetaxel and cisplatin, in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Nine patients (median age 39 years) with NPC were enrolled, none had prior chemotherapy for their recurrent or metastatic disease. Docetaxel was administered as a 1-h intravenous infusion at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) on day 1; cisplatin was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) on day 1, immediately after docetaxel. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate and the secondary endpoints were duration of response, time to progression, and overall survival. A total of 45 chemotherapy cycles were administered. In an intention-to-treat analysis two patients (22%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3-60%) achieved a partial response. The median duration of response was 4.1 months, the median time to progression 8.4 months and the overall survival at 1 year from start of treatment was 76%. Grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed in all (100%) patients over 93% of the treatment cycles, and in three cases this was complicated by fever. Other toxicities were mild. CONCLUSIONS The combination of docetaxel and cisplatin has manageable toxicity but little efficacy as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC. In view of the low response rate, accrual was terminated and the trial was aborted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade there has been a rapid increase in the number of visitors landing at wildlife sites on the Antarctic continent, and concern has been raised that tourists may transmit important pathogens to or between wildlife colonies. The aim of this study was to determine if tourist activities pose a potential threat to Antarctic wildlife, or possibly to human populations through carriage of pathogens on boots. METHODS In two trips conducted to Antarctica in the summer season of 2000/2001, swabs were collected from tourist boots: prior to landing, to determine baseline level of bacterial flora on the boots (A isolates); immediately on return to the ship, to quantify the level of contamination (B isolates); and after the boots were washed in seawater to determine the recovery of the organisms after cleaning (C isolates). Swabs were cultured for coliforms, and isolates identified using the API system. RESULTS Twenty organisms resembling coliforms were isolated from 15 of 72 pairs of boots. Two isolates were recovered from group A, 4 from group B, and 14 from group C. Of these 20 isolates, 11 could be identified using the API identification method. The remaining 9 isolates all produced an unknown but identical profile number. CONCLUSION These results indicate that current practices for cleaning the boots of tourists visiting Antarctic wildlife colonies may not be sufficient to prevent the transmission of pathogens, and indicate that further studies are needed to define the best method of disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Curry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia
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Blyth CC, Darragh H, Whelan A, O'Shea JP, Beaman MH, McCarthy JS. Evaluation of clinical guidelines for the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Intern Med J 2002; 32:224-32. [PMID: 12036220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While treatment guidelines have been developed to guide the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, there is a need to validate these guidelines in different clinical settings and to relate the effect of compliance to clinical outcome. AIMS To assess the impact of adherence to treatment guidelines on clinical outcome and to explore the role of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in risk stratification. METHODS We undertook a 2-year mixed retrospective and prospective study of all cases of S. aureus bacteraemia at Fremantle Hospital, documenting the clinical and microbiological features of each case, the results of echocardiography, adherence with published clinical guidelines and clinical outcome. RESULTS Failure to comply with guidelines was observed in 41% (38 of 93) of cases, the majority receiving abbreviated treatment. An increased rate of relapse was observed among patients who received inadequate therapy (5/38 vs 1/55; P= 0.04). Ten of 28 eligible patients underwent TOE and the test led to significant changes in management in two of those cases. CONCLUSIONS While non-adherence with clinical guidelines was associated with an increased risk of relapse, the role of TOE in risk stratification was limited by factors including cost, limited acceptance of the test and the need for prolonged therapy for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Blyth
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia
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Liyanage N, Anderson BD, Aniol KA, Auerbach L, Baker FT, Berthot J, Bertozzi W, Bertin PY, Bimbot L, Boeglin WU, Brash EJ, Breton V, Breuer H, Burtin E, Calarco JR, Cardman L, Cates GD, Cavata C, Chang CC, Chen JP, Cisbani E, Dale DS, De Leo R, Deur A, Diederich B, Djawotho P, Domingo J, Doyle B, Ducret JE, Epstein MB, Ewell LA, Finn JM, Fissum KG, Fonvieille H, Frois B, Frullani S, Gao J, Garibaldi F, Gasparian A, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Gorbenko V, Gorringe T, Hersman FW, Holmes R, Holtrop M, d'Hose N, Howell C, Huber GM, Hyde-Wright CE, Iodice M, de Jager CW, Jaminion S, Jones MK, Joo K, Jutier C, Kahl W, Kato S, Kelly JJ, Kerhoas S, Khandaker M, Khayat M, Kino K, Korsch W, Kramer L, Kumar KS, Kumbartzki G, Laveissière G, Leone A, LeRose JJ, Levchuk L, Liang M, Lindgren RA, Lolos GJ, Lourie RW, Madey R, Maeda K, Malov S, Manley DM, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Martino J, McCarthy JS, McCormick K, McIntyre J, van der Meer RL, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Mougey J, Nanda S, Neyret D, Offermann EA, Papandreou Z, Perdrisat CF, Perrino R, Petratos GG, Platchkov S, Pomatsalyuk R, Prout DL, Punjabi VA, Pussieux T, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Ravel O, Roblin Y, Roche R, Rowntree D, Rutledge GA, Rutt PM, Saha A, Saito T, Sarty AJ, Serdarevic-Offermann A, Smith TP, Soldi A, Sorokin P, Souder P, Suleiman R, Templon JA, Terasawa T, Todor L, Tsubota H, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Vernin P, van Verst S, Vlahovic B, Voskanyan H, Watson JW, Weinstein LB, Wijesooriya K, Wilson R, Wojtsekhowski B, Zainea DG, Zeps V, Zhao J, Zhou ZL. Dynamics of the 16O(e, e'p) reaction at high missing energies. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:5670-5674. [PMID: 11415329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We measured the cross section and response functions for the quasielastic 16O(e,e'p) reaction for missing energies 25< or =E(m)< or =120 MeV at missing momenta P(m)< or =340 MeV/c. For 25<E(m)<50 MeV and P(m) approximately 60 MeV/c, the reaction is dominated by a single 1s(1/2) proton knockout. At larger P(m), the single-particle aspects are increasingly masked by more complicated processes. Calculations which include pion exchange currents, isobar currents, and short-range correlations account for the shape and the transversity, but for only half of the magnitude of the measured cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liyanage
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
We describe a 25-year-old woman with pre-existing mitral valve prolapse who developed intractable ventricular fibrillation after consuming a "natural energy" guarana health drink containing a high concentration of caffeine. This case highlights the need for adequate labelling and regulation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cannon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, WA.
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Abstract
Hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale) and other enteric parasites such as Giardia and Hymenolepis are common in Aboriginal communities in northem Australia, and their presence is associated with iron deficiency, anaemia, and failure to thrive. We report the outcome of a sustained, community-based control programme that used regular albendazole in one isolated community. Whereas hookworm has been effectively controlled by the programme, no sustained effect on the prevalence of Giardia and Hymenolepis was seen; the control of these parasites will depend on improvements in health education. This programme might serve as a model for community-based or population-based drug treatment programmes elsewhere.
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Heath CH, Bowen SF, McCarthy JS, Dwyer B. Vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis associated with Abiotrophia adiacens (nutritionally variant streptococcus) infection. Aust N Z J Med 1998; 28:663. [PMID: 9847960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1998.tb00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joseph GT, McCarthy JS, Huima T, Mair KF, Kass PH, Boussinesq M, Goodrick L, Bradley JE, Lustigman S. Onchocera volvulus: characterization of a highly immunogenic Gln-rich protein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1997; 90:55-68. [PMID: 9497032 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A pool of sera from individuals classified as putatively immune (PI) to Onchocerca volvulus infection was employed in the screening of a fourth-stage larval cDNA expression library. A highly immunogenic clone, encoding the Ov 53/80 protein, was identified. The full length cDNA of clone 4.21 contained 2527 nucleotides encoding 769 amino acids of which 100 are glutamine residues (13%). Antibodies raised against recombinant protein encoded by a partial cDNA sequence (clone 73-k) recognized a 53 and 80 kDa protein in O. volvulus larval and adult parasite extracts, respectively. The antibodies localized the native protein in the cuticle, hypodermis, secretory vesicles and in granules of the glandular esophagus of larvae and in the hypodermis and the cuticle of adult worms. The recombinant 73-k polypeptide (r73) was recognized by 90-100% of sera from PI and infected individuals from Liberia, but only by 67% of similar groups from Ecuador. r73 specific IgG2 and IgG3 levels in the PI from Liberia and Ecuador, respectively, were significantly lower than in the infected, whereas the r73 specific IgG1/IgG3 or IgG1/IgG2 in the PI and the infected individuals from Liberia or Ecuador, respectively, were similar. The IgG4 specific antibody response in the PI from Liberia and Ecuador were lower than in the infected. The T-cell proliferative responses to r73 in infected individuals from Cameroon were found to be inversely correlated with their levels of microfilariae.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/blood
- Antigens, Helminth/analysis
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary
- Female
- Genes, Helminth
- Glutamine/analysis
- Helminth Proteins/analysis
- Helminth Proteins/chemistry
- Helminth Proteins/genetics
- Helminth Proteins/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Onchocerca volvulus/chemistry
- Onchocerca volvulus/genetics
- Onchocerca volvulus/growth & development
- Onchocerciasis/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/analysis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Joseph
- Virology and Parasitology, The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, NY 10021, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chow
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-11182, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Song X, Kabir PK, McCarthy JS. F/D ratio in hyperon beta decays and the spin distribution in the nucleon. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1996; 54:2108-2113. [PMID: 10020889 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.54.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ma D, Hong X, Raghavan N, Scott AL, McCarthy JS, Nutman TB, Williams SA, Carlow CK. A Cyclosporin A-sensitive small molecular weight cyclophilin of filarial parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1996; 79:235-41. [PMID: 8855561 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(96)02654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ma
- New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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McCarthy JS, Zhong M, Gopinath R, Ottesen EA, Williams SA, Nutman TB. Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:1510-4. [PMID: 8648232 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.6.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the utility of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection, blood, plasma, and paraffin-embedded tissue samples were tested using a PCR-based assay that detects a W. bancrofti-specific repetitive DNA sequence. The assay was positive in 100 microL of blood from 40 of 42 microfilaria-positive subjects, the 2 subjects with negative assays having microfilarial counts of 1. Samples from 127 uninfected subjects were PCR-negative. The assay was also positive in 7 of 10 daytime samples in regions where infection is nocturnally periodic; PCR amplification from paraffin-embedded sections established the diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection in another 2 cases. A microtiter ELISA plate-based method was developed for rapid evaluation of large numbers of samples. These results suggest that this PCR-based assay will be useful in diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection in a variety of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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McCarthy JS, Guinea A, Weil GJ, Ottesen EA. Clearance of circulating filarial antigen as a measure of the macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine in Wuchereria bancrofti infection. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:521-6. [PMID: 7622896 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/172.2.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small doses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) clear microfilariae (MF) from the blood of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected persons, but the dose and regimen required to kill adult worms is not clearly defined. A prospective study was undertaken to examine the macrofilaricidal effect of DEC and the ability of an assay for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) to define the effect. Twenty-five MF-positive subjects and 7 MF-negative but CFA-positive subjects were treated with DEC and followed for 18 months. Of the 25 MF-positive patients, 24 cleared MF, and 22 of 26 CFA-positive subjects cleared CFA. A significantly greater decrease in antifilarial IgG4 was seen in patients who cleared CFA than in those who did not. The complete clearance of CFA observed after therapy with DEC indicates that assessment of CFA clearance is a useful means for detecting macrofilaricidal effects of antifilarial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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McCarthy JS, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB. Onchocerciasis in endemic and nonendemic populations: differences in clinical presentation and immunologic findings. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:736-41. [PMID: 8077740 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/170.3.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the clinical and laboratory features of onchocerciasis in visitors to endemic areas and to compare them with those seen in endemic subjects, 20 returned visitors and 21 endemic subjects with onchocerciasis were evaluated. Dermatitis was the most frequent clinical finding among the returned visitors. None had nodules or eye disease and, in contrast to the endemic subjects, microfiladermia was often absent or of low density. All persons studied had antibody responses measurable by ELISA to both soluble Onchocerca volvulus antigen and a panel of diagnostic recombinant antigens. Eosinophil and IgE levels were significantly higher in the endemic group, as was the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from this group to produce the T helper cell-like cytokines interleukin-4 and -5. It is likely that the chronicity and intensity of infection in endemic subjects account for the clinical and immunologic differences observed between the 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McCarthy
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
To identify long-term effects of prenatal exposure to maternal filarial-parasite infection, we assessed lymphocyte responses in 21 Polynesian children born 17-19 years previously to mothers diagnosed as being microfilaraemic or infection-free. All children lived on an island endemic for bancroftian filariasis but were free from infection at the time of study. While children (n = 10) of infection-free mothers responded vigorously to microfilarial antigen with lymphocyte proliferation, production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-5, IL-10, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), cellular hyporesponsiveness was seen in children (n = 11) born to microfilaraemic mothers. The hyporesponsiveness appeared restricted to microfilarial antigens and did not extend to non-parasite antigens. These findings suggest that hyporesponsiveness resulted from in-utero acquisition of tolerance to microfilarial antigens in chronically-infected mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steel
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Day DB, McCarthy JS, Meziani ZE, Minehart R, Sealock R, Thornton ST, Jourdan J, Sick I, Filippone BW, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Potterveld DH, Szalata Z. Inclusive electron-nucleus scattering at high momentum transfer. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:1849-1863. [PMID: 9969028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Meziani Z, Chen JP, Beck D, Boyd G, Chinitz LM, Day DB, Dennis LC, Dodge GE, Fillipone BW, Giovanetti KL, Jourdan J, Kemper KW, Koh T, Lorenzon W, McCarthy JS, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Minehart RC, Morgenstern J, Mougey J, Potterveld DH, Rondon-Aramayo OA, Sealock RM, Sick I, Smith LC, Thornton ST, Walker RC, Woodward C. High momentum transfer RT,L inclusive response functions for 3,4He. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:41-44. [PMID: 10046184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Filippone BW, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Potterveld DH, Day DB, McCarthy JS, Meziani Z, Minehart R, Sealock R, Thornton ST, Jourdan J, Sick I, Szalata Z. Nuclear structure functions at x>1. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 45:1582-1585. [PMID: 9967910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chen JP, Meziani ZE, Beck D, Boyd G, Chinitz LM, Day DB, Dennis LC, Dodge G, Filippone BW, Giovanetti KL, Jourdan J, Kemper KW, Koh T, Lorenzon W, McCarthy JS, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Minehart RC, Morgenstern J, Mougey J, Potterveld DH, Rondon-Aramayo OA, Sealock RM, Smith LC, Thornton ST, Walker RC, Woodward C. Longitudinal and transverse response functions in 56Fe(e,e') at momentum transfer near 1 GeV/c. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1283-1286. [PMID: 10043166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Alcorn C, Dytman SA, Lowry B, Quinn BP, Beck DH, Bernstein AM, Blomqvist KI, Dodson G, Dow KA, Flanz J, Retzlaff G, Sargent CP, Turchinetz W, Farkhondeh M, McCarthy JS, Ueng TS, Whitney RR. Quasielastic electron scattering and Coulomb sum rule in 4He. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 41:1084-1094. [PMID: 9966450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.41.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Day DB, McCarthy JS, Meziani ZE, Minehart RC, Sealock RM, Thornton ST, Jourdan J, Sick I, Filippone BW, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Potterveld DH, Szalata Z. Nuclear matter response function. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 40:1011-1024. [PMID: 9966067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.40.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sealock RM, Giovanetti KL, Thornton ST, Meziani ZE, Rondon-Aramayo OA, Auffret S, Chen J, Christian DG, Day DB, McCarthy JS, Minehart RC, Dennis LC, Kemper KW, Mecking BA, Morgenstern J. Electroexcitation of the Delta (1232) in nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:1350-1353. [PMID: 10039651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Dytman SA, Bernstein AM, Blomqvist KI, Pavel TJ, Quinn BP, Altemus R, McCarthy JS, Mechtel GH, Ueng TS, Whitney RR. Inclusive electron scattering from 2H,3He, and 4He. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 38:800-812. [PMID: 9954871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.38.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Quinn BP, Bernstein AM, Blomqvist KI, Dytman SA, Pavel TJ, Altemus RM, McCarthy JS, Mechtel G, Whitney RR, Ueng TS, Arenhövel H, Leidemann W, Laget JM. Measurements of total and separated response functions of the deuteron through the quasielastic peak region for q. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 37:1609-1623. [PMID: 9954615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.37.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Day DB, McCarthy JS, Meziani ZE, Minehart R, Sealock R, Thornton ST, Jourdan J, Sick I, Filippone BW, McKeown RD, Milner RG, Potterveld DH, Szalata Z. y scaling in electron-nucleus scattering. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:427-430. [PMID: 10035766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Papanicolas CN, Cardman LS, Heisenberg JH, Schwentker O, Milliman TE, Hersman FW, Hicks RS, Peterson GA, McCarthy JS, Wise J, Frois B. Magnetic form factors of 205Tl and 207Pb: Establishing the limits of mean-field theory. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:2296-2299. [PMID: 10034708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Wise JE, McCarthy JS, Altemus R, Norum BE, Whitney RR, Heisenberg J, Dawson J, Schwentker O. Inelastic electron scattering from 48Ca. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 31:1699-1714. [PMID: 9952707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.31.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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McCarthy JS, Zies LG, Gelband H. Age-dependent closure of the patent ductus arteriosus by indomethacin. Pediatrics 1978; 62:706-12. [PMID: 724314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin has been shown to be effective in closing a patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) in small premature infants. However, the age range over which this therapy is effective remains undetermined. Eighteen infants ranging in age from 4 to 45 days were studied. All had auscultatory and clinical findings indicative of PDA. Seventeen had roentgenographic evidence of cardiomegaly and/or increased pulmonary vascular markings, and eight had ECG evidence of ventricular hypertrophy. Indomethacin was administered to most patients in two doses of 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg 24 hours apart. In eight of 12 patients, 3 week of age or younger, the PDA closed after indomethacin therapy. Two patients had a decrease in the intensity of murmur and improvement of congestive heart failure after treatment, but the PDA did not close completely. Only patients 33 weeks of age (actual age) or younger responded to indomethacin therapy with complete ductal closure. The condition of patients 34 to 36 weeks of age improved but there was not complete closure; in patients older than 36 weeks there was no response. The data suggest an age-related mechanism for PDA closure and that treatment with indomethacin before 33 weeks of age is probably required. A role for prostaglandin in ductal patency is postulated.
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