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Laskou A, Znalesniak EB, Harder S, Schlüter H, Jechorek D, Langer K, Strecker C, Matthes C, Tchaikovski SN, Hoffmann W. Different Forms of TFF3 in the Human Endocervix, including a Complex with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP), and Further Aspects of the Cervico-Vaginal Innate Immune Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2287. [PMID: 38396964 PMCID: PMC10888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TFF3 is a typical secretory poplypeptide of mucous epithelia belonging to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. In the intestine, respiratory tract, and saliva, TFF3 mainly exists as a high-molecular-mass complex with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP), which is indicative of a role in mucosal innate immunity. For the first time, we identified different forms of TFF3 in the endocervix, i.e., monomeric and homodimeric TFF3, as well as a high-molecular-mass TFF3-FCGBP complex; the latter also exists in a hardly soluble form. Immunohistochemistry co-localized TFF3 and FCGBP. Expression analyses of endocervical and post-menopausal vaginal specimens revealed a lack of mucin and TFF3 transcripts in the vaginal specimens. In contrast, genes encoding other typical components of the innate immune defense were expressed in both the endocervix and vagina. Of note, FCGBP is possibly fucosylated. Endocervical specimens from transgender individuals after hormonal therapy showed diminished expression, particularly of FCGBP. Furthermore, mucus swabs from the endocervix and vagina were analyzed concerning TFF3, FCGBP, and lysozyme. It was the aim of this study to illuminate several aspects of the cervico-vaginal innate immune barrier, which is clinically relevant as bacterial and viral infections are also linked to infertility, pre-term birth and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Laskou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva B. Znalesniak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Langer
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carina Strecker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Matthes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana N. Tchaikovski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Dogan S, Terzioglu E, Ucar S. Innate immune response against HPV: Possible crosstalking with endocervical γδ T cells. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103435. [PMID: 34741834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is significantly associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Persistent infection with high risk-HPV is necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. It is not fully understood which immunological mechanisms lead to persistence in some patients. During the life cycle, HPV uses excellent immune evasion mechanisms. Keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LC), dendritic cells (DC), tissue-resident macrophages, and intraepithelial gamma-delta T cells (γδ T cells) are cellular components of the mucosal immune defense of the female genital tract against HPV. γδ T cells, the prototype of unconventional T cells, play a major role in the first line defense of epithelial barrier protection. γδ T cells connect the innate and adaptive immunity and behave like a guardian of the epithelium against any form of damage such as trauma and infection. Any changes in γδ T cell distribution and functional capability may have a role in persistent HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis in the early phase. Poor stimulation and maturation of APCs (LC/DC) might lead to persistent HPV infection which all point out pivotal role of γδ T cells in HPV persistence. If such an intriguing link is proven, γδ T cells can be used in potential therapeutics against HPV in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Dogan
- Akdeniz University, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ender Terzioglu
- Akdeniz University, Department of Rheumatology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selda Ucar
- Akdeniz University, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
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Ardizzone CM, Albritton HL, Lillis RA, Bagnetto CEL, Shen L, Cavacini LA, Kozlowski PA, Quayle AJ. Human genital antibody-mediated inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evidence for ompA genotype-specific neutralization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258759. [PMID: 34662351 PMCID: PMC8523062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocervix, the primary site of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in women, has a unique repertoire of locally synthesized IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) with contributions from serum IgG. Here, we assessed the ability of genital and serum-derived IgG and IgA from women with a recent positive Ct test to neutralize Ct elementary bodies (EBs) and inhibit inclusion formation in vitro in human endocervical epithelial cells. We also determined if neutralization was influenced by the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of the infecting strain, as indicated by ompA gene sequencing and genotyping. At equivalent low concentrations of Ct EB (D/UW-3/Cx + E/UW-5/Cx)-specific antibody, genital-derived IgG and IgA and serum IgA, but not serum IgG, significantly inhibited inclusion formation, with genital IgA being most effective, followed by genital IgG, then serum IgA. The well-characterized Ct genotype D strain, D/UW-3/Cx, was neutralized by serum-derived IgG from patients infected with genotype D strains, genital IgG from patients infected with genotype D or E strains, and by genital IgA from patients infected with genotype D, E, or F strains. Additionally, inhibition of D/UW-3/Cx infection by whole serum, rather than purified immunoglobulin, was associated with levels of serum EB-specific IgG rather than the genotype of infecting strain. In contrast, a Ct genotype Ia clinical isolate, Ia/LSU-56/Cx, was neutralized by whole serum in a genotype and genogroup-specific manner, and inhibition also correlated with EB-specific IgG concentrations in serum. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) genital IgA most effectively inhibits Ct infection in vitro, (ii) human antibody-mediated inhibition of Ct infection is significantly influenced by the ompA genotype of the infecting strain, (iii) the genital antibody repertoire develops or matures differently compared to systemic antibody, and (iv) ompA genotype-specificity of inhibition of infection by whole serum can be overcome by high concentrations of Ct-specific IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Albritton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn E. L. Bagnetto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Cavacini
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Pruski P, Correia GDS, Lewis HV, Capuccini K, Inglese P, Chan D, Brown RG, Kindinger L, Lee YS, Smith A, Marchesi J, McDonald JAK, Cameron S, Alexander-Hardiman K, David AL, Stock SJ, Norman JE, Terzidou V, Teoh TG, Sykes L, Bennett PR, Takats Z, MacIntyre DA. Direct on-swab metabolic profiling of vaginal microbiome host interactions during pregnancy and preterm birth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5967. [PMID: 34645809 PMCID: PMC8514602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnancy vaginal microbiome contributes to risk of preterm birth, the primary cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Here we describe direct on-swab metabolic profiling by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) for sample preparation-free characterisation of the cervicovaginal metabolome in two independent pregnancy cohorts (VMET, n = 160; 455 swabs; VMET II, n = 205; 573 swabs). By integrating metataxonomics and immune profiling data from matched samples, we show that specific metabolome signatures can be used to robustly predict simultaneously both the composition of the vaginal microbiome and host inflammatory status. In these patients, vaginal microbiota instability and innate immune activation, as predicted using DESI-MS, associated with preterm birth, including in women receiving cervical cerclage for preterm birth prevention. These findings highlight direct on-swab metabolic profiling by DESI-MS as an innovative approach for preterm birth risk stratification through rapid assessment of vaginal microbiota-host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pruski
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holly V Lewis
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katia Capuccini
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Denise Chan
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G Brown
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay Kindinger
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yun S Lee
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann Smith
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Cameron
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kate Alexander-Hardiman
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Stock
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane E Norman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vasso Terzidou
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T G Teoh
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lynne Sykes
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - David A MacIntyre
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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5
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Åkerud A, Axelsson J, Yadav M, Erjefält J, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Malmström A, Fischer H. Heparin fragments induce cervical inflammation by recruiting immune cells through Toll-like receptor 4 in nonpregnant mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab004. [PMID: 33508081 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark in the human cervix remodelling. A possible candidate inducing the inflammatory driven ripening of the cervix is the matrix component heparan sulphate, which has been shown to be elevated in late pregnancy in the cervix and uterus. Heparin and a glycol-split low molecular weight heparin (gsHep) with low anticoagulant potency has been shown to enhance myometrial contraction and interleukin (IL)-8 production by cervical fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which heparin promotes cervical inflammation. Wild-type, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-deficient mice were treated by deposition of gsHep into the vaginas of nonpregnant mice. To identify which cells that responded to the heparin fragments, a rhodamine fluorescent construct of gsHep was used, which initially did bind to the epithelial cells and were at later time points located in the sub-mucosa. The heparin fragments induced a strong local inflammatory response in wild-type mice shown by a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and to a lesser extent macrophages into the epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix of the cervix. Further, a marked migration into the cervical and vaginal lumen was seen by both neutrophils and macrophages. The induced mucosal inflammation was strongly reduced in TLR4- and IRF3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a TLR4/IRF3-mediated innate immune response in the cervical mucosa is induced by gsHep. This low anticoagulant heparin version, a novel TLR4 agonist, could contribute to human cervical ripening during the initiation of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Åkerud
- Division of Matrixbiology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Axelsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Universitye, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Division of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Malmström
- Division of Matrixbiology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Fischer
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Universitye, Lund, Sweden
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Mbuya W, Mcharo R, Mhizde J, Mnkai J, Mahenge A, Mwakatima M, Mwalongo W, Chiwerengo N, Hölscher M, Lennemann T, Saathoff E, Rwegoshora F, Torres L, Kroidl A, Geldmacher C, Held K, Chachage M. Depletion and activation of mucosal CD4 T cells in HIV infected women with HPV-associated lesions of the cervix uteri. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240154. [PMID: 33007050 PMCID: PMC7531815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of HPV-associated premalignant and malignant cervical lesions remains high in HIV+ women even under ART treatment. In order to identify possible underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, we studied activation and HIV co-receptor expression in cervical T-cell populations in relation to HIV, HPV and cervical lesion status. METHODS Cervical cytobrush (n = 468: 253 HIV- and 215 HIV+; 71% on ART) and blood (in a subset of 39 women) was collected from women in Mbeya, Tanzania. Clinical data on HIV and HPV infection, as well as ART status was collected. T cell populations were characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry-based on their expression of markers for cellular activation (HLA-DR), and memory (CD45RO), as well as HIV co-receptors (CCR5, α4β7). RESULTS Cervical and blood T cells differed significantly, with higher frequencies of T cells expressing CD45RO, as well as the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and α4β7 in the cervical mucosa. The skewed CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in blood of HIV+ women was mirrored in the cervical mucosa and HPV co-infection was linked to lower levels of mucosal CD4 T cells in HIV+ women (%median: 22 vs 32; p = 0.04). In addition, HIV and HPV infection, and especially HPV-associated cervical lesions were linked to significantly higher frequencies of HLA-DR+ CD4 and CD8 T cells (p-values < 0.05). Interestingly, HPV infection did not significantly alter frequencies of CCR5+ or α4β7+ CD4 T cells. CONCLUSION The increased proportion of activated cervical T cells associated with HPV and HIV infection, as well as HPV-associated lesions, together with the HIV-induced depletion of cervical CD4 T cells, may increase the risk for HPV infection, associated premalignant lesions and cancer in HIV+ women. Further, high levels of activated CD4 T cells associated with HPV and HPV-associated lesions could contribute to a higher susceptibility to HIV in HPV infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Mbuya
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Ruby Mcharo
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
- University of Dar es Salaam -Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Jacklina Mhizde
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Jonathan Mnkai
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Anifrid Mahenge
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Maria Mwakatima
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Wolfram Mwalongo
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Nhamo Chiwerengo
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Michael Hölscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tessa Lennemann
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Held
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
- University of Dar es Salaam -Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Mbeya, Tanzania
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hunegnaw R, Helmold Hait S, Enyindah-Asonye G, Rahman MA, Ko EJ, Hogge CJ, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. A Mucosal Adenovirus Prime/Systemic Envelope Boost Vaccine Regimen Elicits Responses in Cervicovaginal and Alveolar Macrophages of Rhesus Macaques Associated With Delayed SIV Acquisition and B Cell Help. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571804. [PMID: 33117363 PMCID: PMC7561428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine strategies targeting the mucosal portal of entry may prevent HIV acquisition and systemic infection. Macrophages in cervicovaginal compartments are one of the first cell types to encounter virus upon vaginal exposure. Their activation can lead to recruitment of additional macrophages and CD4+ T-cells susceptible to viral infection. However, they are also critical in providing early protection against invading pathogens. Therefore, understanding their response to immunization is important for vaccine design. We immunized rhesus macaques twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus (Ad) SIV recombinants, followed by two intramuscular boosts with SIV gp120 protein. Macaques were subsequently challenged intravaginally with repeated low doses of SIVmac251. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated responses of cervicovaginal macrophages (CVM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in bronchoalveolar lavage as initial immunization was to the upper respiratory tract. The frequency of CVM increased over the course of immunization; however, CCR5 expression significantly decreased. Significantly increased expression of the chemokines CCL3 (p < 0.01), CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL8 (p < 0.0001 for all) on CVM was seen post-1st Ad but their expression significantly decreased post-2nd boost. CD4+ T-cell frequency in the cervical mucosa remained unchanged. CVM FcγRIII expression was significantly increased at all time points post-immunization compared to naïve animals. FcγRIII expression post-2nd Ad positively correlated with the number of challenges needed for infection (r = 0.68; p = 0.0051). Vaccination increased AM FcγRIII expression which post-2nd boost correlated with antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Activation of AMs was evident by increased expression of CD40 and CD80 post-2nd Ad compared to naïve macaques. APRIL expression also significantly increased post-2nd Ad and correlated with B cell frequency in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (r = 0.73; p = 0.0019) and total IgG in BAL-fluid (r = 0.53; p = 0.047). B cells cultured with SIV gp120-stimulated AM supernatant from vaccinated macaques exhibited significant increases in B cell activation markers CD38 and CD69 compared to B cells cultured alone or with AM supernatant from unvaccinated macaques. Overall, the vaccine regimen did not induce recruitment of susceptible cells to the vaginal mucosa but increased CVM FcγRIII expression which correlated with delayed SIV acquisition. Further, immunization induced expression of AM cytokines, including those associated with providing B cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Costa AP, Giraldo PC, Cobucci RN, Consolaro ML, Souza RP, Canário LB, Machado PR, Martins RR, Baptista PV, Jr JE, Gonçalves AK. Cross-Protective IgG and IgA Antibodies against Oncogenic and Non-Oncogenic HPV Genotypes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2799-2804. [PMID: 32986383 PMCID: PMC7779425 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe the course of IgG/IgA immune response in women immunized with bivalent vaccine and in women non-vaccinated with HPV infection, as well as evaluating the cross-protection against non-vaccine HPV types. METHODS Serum and cervical mucus samples were collected from infected and vaccinated women for HPV detection/genotyping and for detection of IgG/IgA anti-HPV/VLP (Virus-like Particles) by ELISA. RESULTS The median absorbance detected in serum samples for anti-HPV-IgG antibodies was higher in vaccinated women when compared to HPV infected women (p <0.01), however, the median absorbance in cervical mucus samples for anti-HPV-IgA was higher in infected women when compared to vaccinated women (p <0.01). Additionally, our analyses also provided additional evidence for cross-protective efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine against HPV-82, -6, -11, -13, -61, -72 and -74. CONCLUSION The IgG antibodies were significantly more detected in the serum of vaccinated women, while the IgA was found in greater quantities in cervical samples from those infected by the virus. In addition, there is evidence that the bivalent vaccine provides cross-protection against other non-oncogenic viral subtypes. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Paulo César Giraldo
- Department of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Lopes Consolaro
- Clinical Cytology and STD Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Pantarotto Souza
- Clinical Cytology and STD Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luanda Barbara Canário
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Paula Renata Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Rand Randall Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Vieira Baptista
- Hospital Lusíadas Porto and Unidade de Tracto Genital Inferior, Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Eleutério Jr
- Department of Female, Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Ana Katherine Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Dyer BA, Zamarin D, Eskandar RN, Mayadev JM. Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Locally Advanced and Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020; 17:91-97. [PMID: 30659133 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite combined therapeutic approaches, there is an unmet clinical need to identify effective strategies for improved patient outcomes in treating locally advanced and metastatic cervical cancer (CC). Immunotherapy is emerging as a novel therapeutic approach in this disease for which the causative agent, human papillomavirus (HPV), has dynamic, complex immunomodulatory effects. This review explores the biologic rational of immuno-oncology in the treatment of CC and discusses the initial clinical efficacy, ongoing clinical trials, and rationale for combined multimodal treatment approaches for locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic CC. The utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors is explored, including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), PD-1, and PD-L1. Preliminary data supporting the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy and areas of active drug development for CC are also reviewed.
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Mboumba Bouassa RS, Péré H, Gubavu C, Prazuck T, Jenabian MA, Veyer D, Meye JF, Touzé A, Bélec L. Serum and cervicovaginal IgG immune responses against α7 and α9 HPV in non-vaccinated women at risk for cervical cancer: Implication for catch-up prophylactic HPV vaccination. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233084. [PMID: 32421735 PMCID: PMC7233543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer associated with high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is becoming the one of the most common female cancer in many sub-Saharan African countries. First-generation immigrant African women living in Europe are at-risk for cervical cancer, in a context of social vulnerability, with frequent lack of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to address immunologically the issue of catch-up prophylactic HPV vaccination in first-generation African immigrant women living in France. METHODS IgG immune responses and cross-reactivities to α7 (HPV-18, -45 and -68) and α9 (HPV-16, -31, -33, -35, -52 and -58) HPV types, including 7 HR-HPV targeted by the Gardasil-9® prophylactic vaccine, were evaluated in paired serum and cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) by HPV L1-virus-like particles-based ELISA. Genital HPV were detected by multiplex real time PCR (Seegene, Seoul, South Korea). RESULTS Fifty-one immigrant women (mean age, 41.7 years; 72.5% HIV-infected) were prospectively included. More than two-third (68.6%) of them carried genital HPV (group I) while 31.4% were negative (group II). The majority (90.2%) exhibited serum IgG to at least one α7/α9 HR-HPV. Serum HPV-specific IgG were more frequently detected in group I than group II (100% versus 68.7%; P = 0.002). The distribution of serum and genital HPV-specific IgG was similar, but mean number of IgG reactivities to α7/α9 HR-HPV was higher in serum than CVS (5.6 IgG per woman in serum versus 3.2 in CVS; P<0.001). Rates of IgG cross-reactivities against HPV different from detected cervicovaginal HPV were higher in serum and CVS in group I than group II. Finally, the majority of groups I and II women (68.6% and 68.7%, respectively) exhibited serum or cervicovaginal IgG to Gardasil-9® HR-HPV, with higher mean rates in group I than group II (6.1 Gardasil-9® HR-HPV per woman versus 1.4; P<0.01). One-third (31.2%) of group II women did not show any serum and genital HPV-specific IgG. CONCLUSIONS Around two-third of first-generation African immigrant women living in France showed frequent ongoing genital HPV infection and high rates of circulating and genital IgG to α7/α9 HPV, generally cross-reacting, avoiding the possibility of catch-up vaccination. Nevertheless, about one-third of women had no evidence of previous HPV infection, or showed only low levels of genital and circulating HR-HPV-specific IgG and could therefore be eligible for catch-up vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S970, Immunothérapie et traitement anti-angiogénique en cancérologie, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S970, Immunothérapie et traitement anti-angiogénique en cancérologie, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Camélia Gubavu
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier régional d’Orléans and Centre Gratuit d’Information, de Dépistage et de Diagnostic (CEGIDD) d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier régional d’Orléans and Centre Gratuit d’Information, de Dépistage et de Diagnostic (CEGIDD) d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meye
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d’Agondjé et Faculté de Médecine de Libreville, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Touzé
- UMRINRA ISP 1282, Equipe Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S970, Immunothérapie et traitement anti-angiogénique en cancérologie, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Haddad LB, Swaims-Kohlmeier A, Mehta CC, Haaland RE, Brown NL, Sheth AN, Chien H, Titanji K, Achilles SL, Lupo D, Hart CE, Ofotokun I. Impact of etonogestrel implant use on T-cell and cytokine profiles in the female genital tract and blood. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230473. [PMID: 32214321 PMCID: PMC7098611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While prior epidemiologic studies have suggested that injectable progestin-based contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use may increase a woman's risk of acquiring HIV, recent data have suggested that DMPA users may be at a similar risk for HIV acquisition as users of the copper intrauterine device and levonorgestrel implant. Use of the etonogestrel Implant (Eng-Implant) is increasing but there are currently no studies evaluating its effect on HIV acquisition risk. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the potential effect of the Eng-Implant use on HIV acquisition risk by analyzing HIV target cells and cytokine profiles in the lower genital tract and blood of adult premenopausal HIV-negative women using the Eng-Implant. METHODS We prospectively obtained paired cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) and blood samples at 4 study visits over 16 weeks from women between ages 18-45, with normal menses (22-35 day intervals), HIV uninfected with no recent hormonal contraceptive or copper intrauterine device (IUD) use, no clinical signs of a sexually transmitted infection at enrollment and who were medically eligible to initiate Eng-Implant. Participants attended pre-Eng-Implant study visits (week -2, week 0) with the Eng-Implant inserted at the end of the week 0 study visit and returned for study visits at weeks 12 and 14. Genital tract leukocytes (enriched from CVL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the study visits were evaluated for markers of activation (CD38, HLA-DR), retention (CD103) and trafficking (CCR7) on HIV target cells (CCR5+CD4+ T cells) using multicolor flow cytometry. Cytokines and chemokines in the CVL supernatant and blood plasma were measured in a Luminex assay. We estimated and compared study endpoints among the samples collected before and after contraception initiation with repeated-measures analyses using linear mixed models. RESULTS Fifteen of 18 women who received an Eng-Implant completed all 4 study visits. The percentage of CD4+ T cells in CVL was not increased after implant placement but the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing the HIV co-receptor CCR5 did increase after implant placement (p = 0.02). In addition, the percentage of central memory CD4+ T-cells (CCR7+) in CVL increased after implant placement (p = 0.004). The percentage of CVL CD4+, CCR5+ HIV target cells expressing activation markers after implant placement was either reduced (HLA-DR+, p = 0.01) or unchanged (CD38+, p = 0.45). Most CVL cytokine and chemokine concentrations were not significantly different after implant placement except for a higher level of the soluble lymphocyte activation marker (sCD40L; p = 0.04) and lower levels of IL12p70 (p = 0.02) and G-CSF (p<0.001). In systemic blood, none of the changes noted in CVL after implant placement occurred except for decreases in the percentage CD4 T-cells expressing HLA-DR+ T cells (p = 0.006) and G-CSF (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Eng-Implant use was associated with a moderate increase in the availability of HIV target cells in the genital tract, however the percentage of these cells that were activated did not increase and there were minimal shifts in the overall immune environment. Given the mixed nature of these findings, it is unclear if these implant-induced changes alter HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Haddad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alison Swaims-Kohlmeier
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Christina Mehta
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Haaland
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nakita L. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anandi N. Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hsin Chien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kehmia Titanji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Achilles
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Pittsburg, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Davis Lupo
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Clyde E. Hart
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Suff N, Karda R, Diaz JA, Ng J, Baruteau J, Perocheau D, Taylor PW, Alber D, Buckley SMK, Bajaj-Elliott M, Waddington SN, Peebles D. Cervical Gene Delivery of the Antimicrobial Peptide, Human β-Defensin (HBD)-3, in a Mouse Model of Ascending Infection-Related Preterm Birth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32117260 PMCID: PMC7026235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of preterm births are preceded by microbial invasion of the intrauterine space; ascent from the vagina being the most common pathway. Within the cervical canal, antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are important components of the cervical barrier which help to prevent ascending vaginal infection. We investigated whether expression of the AMP, human β-defensin-3 (HBD3), in the cervical mucosa of pregnant mice could prevent bacterial ascent from the vagina into the uterine cavity. An adeno-associated virus vector containing both the HBD3 gene and GFP transgene (AAV8 HBD3.GFP) or control AAV8 GFP, was administered intravaginally into E13.5 pregnant mice. Ascending infection was induced at E16.5 using bioluminescent Escherichia coli (E. coli K1 A192PP-lux2). Bioluminescence imaging showed bacterial ascent into the uterine cavity, inflammatory events that led to premature delivery and a reduction in pups born alive, compared with uninfected controls. Interestingly, a significant reduction in uterine bioluminescence in the AAV8 HBD3.GFP-treated mice was observed 24 h post-E. coli infection, compared to AAV8 GFP treated mice, signifying reduced bacterial ascent in AAV8 HBD3.GFP-treated mice. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the number of living pups in AAV HBD3.GFP-treated mice. We propose that HBD3 may be a potential candidate for augmenting cervical innate immunity to prevent ascending infection-related preterm birth and its associated neonatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Suff
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Antinao Diaz
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Ng
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Taylor
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Alber
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M. K. Buckley
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- SA/MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Donald Peebles
- Preterm Birth Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Fichorova RN, Morrison CS, Chen PL, Yamamoto HS, Govender Y, Junaid D, Ryan S, Kwok C, Chipato T, Salata RA, Doncel GF. Aberrant cervical innate immunity predicts onset of dysbiosis and sexually transmitted infections in women of reproductive age. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224359. [PMID: 31914129 PMCID: PMC6948729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginal dysbiosis (disturbed resident microbiota presenting with abnormal Nugent score or candidiasis) have been associated with mucosal inflammation and risk of HIV-1 infection, cancer and poor reproductive outcomes. To date, the temporal relationships between aberrant cervical innate immunity and the clinical onset of microbial disturbance have not been studied in a large population of reproductive age women. We examined data from a longitudinal cohort of 934 Ugandan and Zimbabwean women contributing 3,274 HIV-negative visits who had complete laboratory, clinical and demographic data. Among those, 207 women later acquired HIV, and 584 women were intermittently diagnosed with C. trachomatis (CT), N. gonorrhoeae (NG), genital herpes (HSV-2), T. vaginalis (TV), candidiasis, and abnormal intermediate (4–6) or high (7–10) Nugent score, i.e. bacterial vaginosis (BV). Immune biomarker concentrations in cervical swabs were analyzed by generalized linear and mixed effect models adjusting for site, age, hormonal contraceptive use (HC), pregnancy, breastfeeding, genital practices, unprotected sex and overlapping infections. High likelihood ratios (1.5–4.9) denoted the values of cervical immune biomarkers to predict onset of abnormal Nugent score and candidiasis at the next visits. When controlling for covariates, higher levels of β-defensin-2 were antecedent to BV, CT and HSV-2, lower anti-inflammatory ratio IL-1RA:IL-1β–to intermediate Nugent scores and candida, lower levels of the serine protease inhibitor SLPI–to candida, lower levels of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 –to TV, and lower levels of the oxidative stress mitigator and endothelial activation marker VEGF–to NG. Changes in innate immunity following onset of dysbiosis and infections were dependent on HC use when controlling for all other covariates. In conclusion, imminent female genital tract dysbiosis or infection can be predicted by distinct patterns of innate immunity. Future research should characterize biotic and abiotic determinants of this pre-existing innate immunity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina N. Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles S. Morrison
- Behavioral, Epidemiologic and Clinical Sciences, FHI, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Pai-Lien Chen
- Biostatistics, FHI, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Hidemi S. Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yashini Govender
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Damilola Junaid
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stanthia Ryan
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Kwok
- Biostatistics, FHI, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A. Salata
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Arlington, VA, United States of America
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
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Bornhöfft KF, Rebl A, Gallagher ME, Viergutz T, Zlatina K, Reid C, Galuska SP. Sialylated Cervical Mucins Inhibit the Activation of Neutrophils to Form Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Bovine in vitro Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2478. [PMID: 31781090 PMCID: PMC6851059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to combat invading pathogens neutrophils can release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, since NETs can also damage endogenous cells, several control mechanisms for the formation of NETs must work effectively. For instance, neutrophil activation is silenced within blood circulation by the binding of sialylated glycoconjugates to sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) on neutrophils. As neutrophils are recruited within the female reproductive tract, after mating, a comparable mechanism may also take place within the bovine cervix to prevent an exaggerated NET formation and thus, infertility. We examined, if the highly glycosylated mucins, which are the major functional fraction of biomolecules in mucus, represent a potential regulator of NET formation. The qPCR data revealed that in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) inhibitory Siglecs are the most frequently expressed Siglecs and might be a potential target of sialylated glycans to modulate the activation of PMNs. Remarkably, the addition of bovine cervical mucins significantly inhibited the formation of NET, which had been induced in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or a combination of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. The inhibitory effects were independent of the stage of estrous cycle (estrus, luteal, and follicular mucins). PMNs retained their segmented nuclei and membrane perforation was prevented. However, the inhibitory effects were diminished, when sialic acids were released under acidic conditions. Comparable results were achieved, when sialic acids were targeted by neuraminidase digestion, indicating a sialic acid dependent inhibition of NET release. Thus, bovine cervical mucins have an anti-inflammatory capability to modulate NET formation and might be further immunomodulatory biomolecules that support fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F. Bornhöfft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Viergutz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Colm Reid
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Pattyn J, Van Keer S, Tjalma W, Matheeussen V, Van Damme P, Vorsters A. Infection and vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions. A review of the literature. Papillomavirus Res 2019; 8:100185. [PMID: 31494291 PMCID: PMC6804463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects and propagates in the cervical mucosal epithelium. Hence, in addition to assessing systemic immunity, the accurate measurement of cervical immunity is important to evaluate local immune responses to HPV infection and vaccination. This review discusses studies that investigated the presence of infection and vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS). Methods We searched the two main health sciences databases, PubMed and the ISI Web of Science, from the earliest dates available to March 2019. From the eligible publications, information was extracted regarding: (i) study design, (ii) the reported HPV-specific antibody concentrations in CVS (and the associated serum levels, when provided), (iii) the CVS collection method, and (iv) the immunoassays used. Results The systematic search and selection process yielded 44 articles. The evidence of HPV-specific antibodies in CVS after natural infection (26/44) and HPV vaccination (18/44) is discussed. Many studies indicate that HPV-specific antibody detection in CVS is variable but feasible with a variety of collection methods and immunoassays. Most CVS samples were collected by cervicovaginal washing or wicks, and antibody presence was mostly determined by VLP-based ELISAs. The moderate to strong correlation between vaccine-induced antibody levels in serum and in CVS indicates that HPV vaccines generate antibodies that transudate through the cervical mucosal epithelium. Conclusion Although HPV-specific antibodies have lower titres in CVS than in serum samples, studies have shown that their detection in CVS is feasible. Nevertheless, the high variability of published observations and the lack of a strictly uniform, well-validated method for the collection, isolation and quantification of antibodies indicates a need for specific methods to improve and standardize the detection of HPV-specific antibodies in CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pattyn
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Severien Van Keer
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) (Belgium), Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, and Oncology (MIPRO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Matheeussen
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) (Belgium); Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp (Belgium); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Abdulhaqq SA, Martinez M, Kang G, Rodriguez IV, Nichols SM, Beaumont D, Joseph J, Azzoni L, Yin X, Wise M, Weiner D, Liu Q, Foulkes A, Münch J, Kirchhoff F, Coutifaris C, Tomaras GD, Sariol C, Marx PA, Li Q, Kraiselburd EN, Montaner LJ. Repeated semen exposure decreases cervicovaginal SIVmac251 infection in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3753. [PMID: 31434895 PMCID: PMC6704120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen is the vehicle for virion dissemination in the female reproductive tract (FRT) in male-to-female HIV transmission. Recent data suggests that higher frequency semen exposure is associated with activation of anti-HIV mechanisms in HIV negative sex workers. Here, we use a non-human primate (NHP) model to show that repeated vaginal exposure to semen significantly reduces subsequent infection by repeated low-dose vaginal SIVmac251 challenge. Repeated semen exposures result in lower CCR5 expression in circulating CD4+ T-cells, as well as higher expression of Mx1 (in correlation with IFNε expression) and FoxP3 in the cervicovaginal mucosa, and increased infiltration of CD4+ T-cells. Establishing in vivo evidence of competing effects of semen on transmission impacts our basic understanding of what factors may determine HIV infectivity in humans. Our results clearly indicate that repeated semen exposure can profoundly modulate the FRT microenvironment, paradoxically promoting host resistance against HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melween Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Guobin Kang
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Idia V Rodriguez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Stephanie M Nichols
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - David Beaumont
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan Wise
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Preston A Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, and Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Edmundo N Kraiselburd
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
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17
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van Dam PA, Verhoeven Y, Jacobs J, Wouters A, Tjalma W, Lardon F, Van den Wyngaert T, Dewulf J, Smits E, Colpaert C, Prenen H, Peeters M, Lammens M, Trinh XB. RANK-RANKL Signaling in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2183. [PMID: 31052546 PMCID: PMC6540175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. The existing literature on RANK/RANKL signaling in cervical cancer was reviewed, particularly focusing on the effects on the microenvironment. RANKL and RANK are frequently co-expressed in cervical cancer cells lines and in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. RANKL and OPG expression strongly increases during cervical cancer progression. RANKL is directly secreted by cervical cancer cells, which may be a mechanism they use to create an immune suppressive environment. RANKL induces expression of multiple activating cytokines by dendritic cells. High RANK mRNA levels and high immunohistochemical OPG expression are significantly correlated with high clinical stage, tumor grade, presence of lymph node metastases, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of RANKL signaling has a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and behavior, but also alters the microenvironment. Abundant circumstantial evidence suggests that RANKL inhibition may (partially) reverse an immunosuppressive status. The use of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to RANKL, as an immunomodulatory strategy is an attractive concept which should be further explored in combination with immune therapy in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Jonatan Dewulf
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Colpaert
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen (GZA) Hospitals, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lammens
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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18
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Adnane M, Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) - an accessible source of immunologically informative biomolecules. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:255-263. [PMID: 30117040 PMCID: PMC6244541 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance. Predominantly composed of water and mucins, CVM also contains high levels of immuno-active proteins such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and lysozyme which protect against infection by blocking adhesion and mediating microbial killing. The repertoire of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides is predominantly generated by the secretions of endometrial epithelial cells into the uterine lumen and concentrated in the CVM. The quantity and relative proportions of these inflammatory biomarkers are affected by diverse factors including the estrus cycle and health status of the animal and therefore potentially provide important diagnostic and prognostic indicators. We propose that measuring molecular signatures in bovine CVM could be a useful approach to identifying and monitoring genital tract pathologies in beef and dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Adnane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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19
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Medeiros FS, Martins AES, Gomes RG, de Oliveira SAV, Welkovic S, Maruza M, Menezes MLB, Ximenes RADA, Diniz GTN, Donadi EA, Lucena-Silva N. Variation sites at the HLA-G 3' untranslated region confer differential susceptibility to HIV/HPV co-infection and aneuploidy in cervical cell. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204679. [PMID: 30278059 PMCID: PMC6168131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulatory elements associated with transcript degradation or transcript instability have been described at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the HLA-G gene. Considering that HPV infection and aneuploidy, which causes gene instability, are associated with cervical cell malignancy, as well as the fact that HIV infection and HLA-G may modulate the immune response, the present study aimed to compare the frequencies of HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphic sites (14-base pair insertion/deletion, +3142C/G, and +3187A/G) between 226 HIV+ women co-infected (n = 82) or not with HPV (n = 144) and 138 healthy women. We also evaluated the relationship between those HLA-G 3'UTR variants and aneuploidy in cervical cells. HPV types and HLA-G polymorphisms were determined by PCR and sequencing of cervical samples DNA. Aneuploidy in cervical cell was measured by flow cytometry. The HLA-G 3'UTR 14-bp ins/del was not associated with either HIV nor HIV/HPV co-infection. The +3142G allele (p = 0.049) and +3142GG genotype (p = 0.047) were overrepresented in all HIV-infected women. On the other hand, the +3187G allele (p = 0.028) and the +3187GG genotype (p = 0.026) predominated among healthy women. The +3142G (p = 0.023) and +3187A (p = 0.003) alleles were associated with predisposition to HIV infection, irrespective of the presence or not of HIV/HPV co-infection. The diplotype formed by the combination of the +3142CX (CC or CG) and +3187AA genotype conferred the highest risk for aneuploidy in cervical cell induced by HPV. The HLA-G 3'UTR +3142 and +3187 variants conferred distinct susceptibility to HIV infection and aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Medeiros
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Albert Eduardo Silva Martins
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renan Garcia Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Stefan Welkovic
- Integrated Health Centre Amaury de Medeiros (CISAM), University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Magda Maruza
- Hospital Correia Picanço, Health Secretariat of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Bezerra Menezes
- Maternal and Child Department of the Faculty of Medical Sciences—University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - George Tadeu Nunes Diniz
- Department of Public Health, Laboratory Computational Methods, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Norma Lucena-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Service, IMIP Hospital, Recife, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ghosh M, Daniels J, Pyra M, Juzumaite M, Jais M, Murphy K, Taylor TN, Kassaye S, Benning L, Cohen M, Weber K. Impact of chronic sexual abuse and depression on inflammation and wound healing in the female reproductive tract of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198412. [PMID: 29894487 PMCID: PMC5997353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual violence is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition/transmission in women. Forced sex can result in physical trauma to the reproductive tract as well as severe psychological distress. However, immuno-biological mechanisms linking sexual violence and HIV susceptibility are incompletely understood. Using the Women’s Interagency HIV Study repository, a total of 77 women were selected to form 4 groups, stratified by HIV serostatus, in the following categories: 1) no sexual abuse history and low depressive symptom score (below clinically significant cut-off, scores <16) (Control); 2) no sexual abuse history but high depressive symptom score, ≥16 (Depression); 3) chronic sexual abuse exposure and low depressive symptom score (Abuse); 4) chronic sexual abuse exposure and high depressive symptom score (Abuse+Depression). Inflammation-associated cytokines/chemokines/proteases (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β MIP-3α, IP-10, MCP-1, Cathepsin B), anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV mediators (Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), Elafin, beta defensin 2 (HBD2), alpha defensins (HNP 1–3), Thrombospondin (TSP-1), Serpin A1, A5, Cystatin A, B), and wound-healing mediators (Gro-α, VEGF, PDGF, EGF, FGF, IGF), were measured in cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL) using ELISA. Linear regression was used to model association of biomarkers with depression and abuse as predictor variables; the interaction between depression and abuse was also tested. Anti-HIV activity in CVL was tested using TZM-bl indicator cell line. In HIV-uninfected women, median levels of IL-6 (p = 0.04), IL-1α (p<0.01), TGF-β (p = 0.01), IP-10 (p = <0.01), PDGF (p<0.01) and FGF (p<0.01), differed significantly between groups. Specifically, an association was found between chronic sexual abuse and increased IL-1α (p<0.01), MIP-3α (p = 0.04), IP-10 (p<0.01), Serpin B1 (p = 0.01), FGF (p = 0.04) and decreased TGF-β (p<0.01), MCP-1 (p = 0.02), PDGF (p<0.01). Further, there was evidence of significant interactions between chronic sexual abuse and current depression for IL-1α, IP-10, Serpin A1, Cystatin B, and FGF. In HIV-infected women, median levels of TNF-α (p<0.01), IL-6 (p = 0.05), MIP-3α (p<0.01), and MCP-1 (p = 0.01), differed significantly between groups. Specifically, an association was found between chronic sexual abuse and increased MCP-1 (p = 0.03), Gro-α (p = 0.01) and decreased TNF-α (p<0.01), IL-1α (p = 0.02), MIP-3α (p<0.01) and Cathepsin B (p = 0.03). Current depressive symptoms were associated with significantly decreased MIP-3α (p<0.01). There was evidence of significant interactions between chronic sexual abuse and current depression for MCP-1 and FGF. No significant differences were observed in anti-HIV activity among all eight groups. Heat-map analyses revealed distinct immune network patterns, particularly in the Abuse groups for both HIV-infected and uninfected women. Our data indicates a complex relationship between chronic sexual abuse exposure, depressive symptoms, and FRT immune mediators that are also affected by HIV status. Association of chronic sexual abuse with increase in inflammation-associated cytokine/chemokine expression, along with impaired wound-healing associated growth-factors can create a microenvironment that can facilitate HIV infection. Evaluation of longitudinal changes in exposures and biomarkers are needed to untangle the immuno-biological mechanisms that may put women who endure life-long sexual abuse at increased risk for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Maria Pyra
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Monika Juzumaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Mariel Jais
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kerry Murphy
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Tonya N. Taylor
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Lorie Benning
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mardge Cohen
- Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Weber
- Cook County Health and Hospitals System/ Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Amabebe E, Chapman DR, Stern VL, Stafford G, Anumba DOC. Mid-gestational changes in cervicovaginal fluid cytokine levels in asymptomatic pregnant women are predictive markers of inflammation-associated spontaneous preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 126:1-10. [PMID: 29367099 PMCID: PMC5886036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perturbation of the choriodecidual space before the onset of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) could lead to a concomitant rise in both cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) cytokine and fetal fibronectin (FFN), and assessing the concentrations of both markers could improve the prediction of sPTB (delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation). Therefore, we prospectively determined mid-trimester changes in CVF cytokine and FFN concentrations, and their predictive capacity for sPTB in asymptomatic pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN CVF collected at 20+0-22+6 weeks (n = 47: Preterm-delivered = 22, Term-delivered = 25) and 26+0-28+6 weeks (n = 50: Preterm-delivered = 17, Term-delivered = 33) from 63 asymptomatic pregnant women at risk of sPTB were examined. Cytokine and FFN concentrations were determined by multiplexed bead-based immunoassay and 10Q Rapid analysis (Hologic, MA, USA) respectively. The 20+0-22+6/26+0-28+6 weeks ratios of cytokines and FFN concentrations were compared between preterm- and term-delivered women using Receiver Operating Characteristics curves to predict sPTB. Also, bacterial 16S rDNA from 64 samples (20+0-22+6 weeks n = 36, 26+0-28+6 weeks n = 28) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction to determine associations between vaginal microflora, cytokine and FFN concentrations. RESULTS Changes in RANTES and IL-1β concentrations between 20+0-22+6 and 26+0-28+6 weeks, expressed as a ratios, were predictive of sPTB, RANTES (AUC = 0.82, CI = 0.62-0.94) more so than IL-1β (AUC = 0.71, CI = 0.53-0.85) and FFN (not predictive). Combining these markers (AUC = 0.83, CI = 0.63-0.95) showed similar predictive capacity as RANTES alone. FFN concentrations at 26+0-28+6 weeks correlated with IL-1β (r = 0.4, P = 0.002) and RANTES (r = 0.3, P = 0.03). In addition, there was increased prevalence of vaginal anaerobes including Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Mobiluncus between gestational time points in women who experienced sPTB compared to the term women (P = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS CVF RANTES and IL-1β in mid-trimester of pregnancy correlate with quantitative FFN. The levels of CVF RANTES and IL-1β decline significantly in women who deliver at term unlike women who deliver preterm. This observation suggests that sPTB may be characterised by sustained choriodecidual inflammation and may have clinical value in serial screening for sPTB if confirmed by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David R Chapman
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria L Stern
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graham Stafford
- Integrated BioSciences Group, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dilly O C Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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22
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Perciani CT, Jaoko W, Farah B, Ostrowski MA, Anzala O, MacDonald KS. αEβ7, α4β7 and α4β1 integrin contributions to T cell distribution in blood, cervix and rectal tissues: Potential implications for HIV transmission. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192482. [PMID: 29420608 PMCID: PMC5805330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface expression of α4β7, α4β1 and αEβ7 integrins play a key role in T cell distribution. Understanding the contribution of integrins to the density and ratios of CD4+: CD4negT cell at the portals of entry for HIV is of fundamental importance for the advance of more effective HIV prevention strategies. We therefore set out to characterize and compare the expression of α4β7, α4β1 and αEβ7 integrins on systemic, cervical and rectal CD4+ and CD4negT cells isolated from a cohort of healthy Kenyan women at low risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) (n = 45). Here we show that blood and cervix were enriched in α4+β1+CD4+T cells and α4+β7hiCD4+T cells, whereas the rectum had an equal frequency of α4+β7hiCD4+T cells and αE+β7hiCD4+T cells. Most cervical and rectal αE+β7hiCD4+T cells expressed CCR5 as well as CD69. Interestingly, αEβ7 was the predominant integrin expressed by CD4negT cells in both mucosal sites, outnumbering αE+β7hiCD4+T cells approximately 2-fold in the cervix and 7-fold in the rectum. The majority of αE+β7hiCD4negT cells expressed CD69 at the mucosa. Taken together, our results show unique tissue-specific patterns of integrin expression. These results can help in guiding vaccine design and also the use of therapeutically targeting integrin adhesion as a means to preventing HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia T. Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bashir Farah
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mario A. Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kelly S. MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - for the KAVI-ICR Team
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
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Wang JF, Wang CX, Wang LS, Zhang J, Yang XJ, Liu M, Zheng GX. Association of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 and HLA Class I Antigen Expression in Cervical Premalignant and Malignant Lesions. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:124-31. [PMID: 17549668 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment we studied the correlation between HPV16 infection and expression of HLA-I antigen in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions (cervicitis, CIN, cervical squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma samples). The HPV16 E7 DNA load and the expression of HLA-I antigen in the samples were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and immunohistochemical S-P staining, respectively. Our data indicate that HPV16 E7 load was highly and positively associated with the development of cervical lesions (Spearman's correlation coefficient r=0.848, p<0.001), the negative rate of HLA-I antigen was significantly distinguished among groups (p<0.001), and HPV16 E7 infection and downregulation of HLA-I antigen were highly correlated in cervical lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=-0.487, p<0.001). HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the downregulation of HLA-I antigen in cervical lesions, which results in the immune escape of the virus and the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, quantitative PCR for HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the early detection of cervical diseases and in guiding future therapy toward prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Albritton HL, Kozlowski PA, Lillis RA, McGowin CL, Siren JD, Taylor SN, Ibana JA, Buckner LR, Shen L, Quayle AJ. A novel whole-bacterial enzyme linked-immunosorbant assay to quantify Chlamydia trachomatis specific antibodies reveals distinct differences between systemic and genital compartments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183101. [PMID: 28797112 PMCID: PMC5552291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the leading sexually transmitted bacterial infection. The continued global burden of CT infection strongly predicates the need for a vaccine to supplement current chlamydial control programs. The correlates of protection against CT are currently unknown, but they must be carefully defined to guide vaccine design. The localized nature of chlamydial infection in columnar epithelial cells of the genital tract necessitates investigation of immunity at the site of infection. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive whole bacterial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify and compare CT-specific IgG and IgA in sera and genital secretions from CT-infected women. To achieve this, elementary bodies (EBs) from two of the most common genital serovars (D and E) were attached to poly-L-lysine-coated microtiter plates with glutaraldehyde. EB attachment and integrity were verified by the presence of outer membrane antigens and the absence of bacterial cytoplasmic antigens. EB-specific IgG and IgA standards were developed by pooling sera with high titers of CT-specific antibodies from infected women. Serum, endocervical and vaginal secretions, and endocervical cytobrush specimens from CT-infected women were used to quantify CT-specific IgG and IgA which were then normalized to total IgG and IgA, respectively. Analyses of paired serum and genital samples revealed significantly higher proportions of EB-specific antibodies in genital secretions compared to sera. Cervical and vaginal secretions and cytobrush specimens had similar proportions of EB-specific antibodies, suggesting any one of these genital sampling techniques could be used to quantify CT-specific antibodies when appropriate normalization methodologies are implemented. Overall, these results illustrate the need to investigate genital tract CT antibody responses, and our assay provides a useful quantitative tool to assess natural immunity in defined clinical groups and CT vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Albritton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Lillis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Chris L. McGowin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Julia D. Siren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Joyce A. Ibana
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, National Capital Region, Philippines
| | - Lyndsey R. Buckner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Alison J. Quayle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Introini A, Boström S, Bradley F, Gibbs A, Glaessgen A, Tjernlund A, Broliden K. Seminal plasma induces inflammation and enhances HIV-1 replication in human cervical tissue explants. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006402. [PMID: 28542587 PMCID: PMC5453613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most immediate and evident effect of mucosal exposure to semen in vivo is a local release of proinflammatory mediators accompanied by an influx of leukocytes into the female genital mucosa (FGM). The implication of such response in HIV-1 transmission has never been addressed due to limitations of currently available experimental models. Using human tissue explants from the uterine cervix, we developed a system of mucosal exposure to seminal plasma (SP) that supports HIV-1 replication. Treatment of ectocervical explants with SP resulted in the upregulation of inflammatory and growth factors, including IL-6, TNF, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, and CXCL8, and IL1A, CSF2, IL7, PTGS2, as evaluated by measuring protein levels in explant conditioned medium (ECM) and gene expression in tissue. SP treatment was also associated with increased recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils, as observed upon incubation of peripheral blood leukocytes with ECM in a transwell system. To evaluate the impact of the SP-mediated response on local susceptibility to HIV-1, we infected ectocervical explants with the CCR5-tropic variant HIV-1BaL either in the presence of SP, or after explant pre-incubation with SP. In both experimental settings SP enhanced virus replication as evaluated by HIV-1 p24gag released in explant culture medium over time, as well as by HIV-1 DNA quantification in explants infected in the presence of SP. These results suggest that a sustained inflammatory response elicited by SP soon after coitus may promote HIV-1 transmission to the FGM. Nevertheless, ectocervical tissue explants did not support the replication of transmitted/founder HIV-1 molecular clones, regardless of SP treatment. Our system offers experimental and analytical advantages over traditional models of HIV-1 transmission for the study of SP immunoregulatory effect on the FGM, and may provide a useful platform to ultimately identify new determinants of HIV-1 infection at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Introini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Boström
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frideborg Bradley
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gibbs
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Glaessgen
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Unilabs AB, Capio St Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Tjernlund
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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S. Lashkari B, Anumba DOC. Estradiol alters the immune-responsiveness of cervical epithelial cells stimulated with ligands of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173646. [PMID: 28296959 PMCID: PMC5351915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosa of the female reproductive tract plays a pivotal role in host defence. Pregnancy must alter immunological mechanisms at this interface to protect the conceptus. We sought to determine how estradiol (E2) alters the immune-responsiveness of cervical epithelial cells to ligand stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4. Human ectocervical epithelial cells (HECECs) were cultured and co-incubated with two concentrations of E2 and peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) over durations that ranged between 10 minutes and 18 hours. Cytometric Bead Array was performed to quantify eight cytokines in the supernatant fluid. In response to PGN, HECECs co-incubated with E2 released lesser quantities of IL-1ß and IFNγ, higher levels of RANTES, and variable levels of IL-6 and IL-8 than those not exposed to E2. In contrast, HECECs co-incubated with LPS and E2 secreted increased levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and IFNγ at 2 and 18 hours than HECECs not exposed to E2, and reduced levels of RANTES at same study time-points. Estradiol alters the immune-responsiveness of cultured HECECs to TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in a complex fashion that appears to vary with bacterial ligand, TLR subtype, and duration of exposure. Our observations are consistent with the functional complexity that this mucosal interface requires for its immunological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnia S. Lashkari
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dilly O. C. Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dixon EP, King LM, Nelson R, Simkins SG, Knapp SL, Brough GH, Lenz KL, Henderson DT, Whitehead CM, Hessling J, Brown CA, Malinowski DP. Characterization and clinical validation of MCM2 and TOP2A monoclonal antibodies in the BD ProEx™ C assay: An immunoassay which detects aberrant S-phase induction in cervical tissue. J Immunol Methods 2017; 442:35-41. [PMID: 28093271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Papanicolaou (Pap) screen has been successful in reducing cervical cancer; but exhibits low sensitivity when detecting cervical dysplasia. Use of molecular biomarkers in Pap tests may improve diagnostic accuracy. DESIGN Monoclonal antibodies to Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 2 (MCM2) and DNA Topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) were selected for use in IHC based on their ability to differentiate normal from diseased cervical tissues in tissue microarrays. Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Western blot analysis was used to help identify binding epitopes specific to MCM2 and TOP2A antibody clones. Antibody affinity was determined by solution phase affinity measurement and immunohistochemistry was performed using high affinity MCM2 or TOP2A antibodies on serial histological sections. RESULTS Antibody clones to MCM2 and TOP2A clones were selected based on their ability to detect over expression in abnormal cervical epithelia. In IHC, MCM2-27C5.6 and MCM2-26H6.19 demonstrated superior staining in abnormal cervical tissue over the MCM2-CRCT2.1 antibody. A combination of MCM2 and TOP2A antibodies showed greater staining when compared to staining with any of the antibodies alone on serial histological sections. Distinct linear epitopes were elucidated for each of the MCM2 and TOP2A clones. Affinity values (Kd) for MCM2 or TOP2A antibodies had a similar range. In a research study, the MCM2 and TOP2A (BD ProEx™ C) antibody cocktail showed increased epithelia staining with increasing dysplasia. The use of BD ProEx™ C in combination with H&E staining enhanced immunohistochemical discrimination of dysplastic and non-dysplastic FFPE cervical tissue specimens. CONCLUSIONS BD ProEx™ C containing MCM2 and TOP2A antibodies showed strong specific nuclear staining that correlated with increased dysplasia and lesion severity. Enhanced performance of the antibodies was linked to their unique topography recognition. BD ProEx™ C incorporates antibodies that enhance detection of CIN2+ cervical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Dixon
- BD Diagnostics - Women's Health and Cancer, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Ramona Nelson
- BD Diagnostics - Women's Health and Cancer, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven L Knapp
- BD Diagnostics - Women's Health and Cancer, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Karen L Lenz
- BD Diagnostics - Women's Health and Cancer, Durham, NC, USA
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28
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Gibbs A, Leeansyah E, Introini A, Paquin-Proulx D, Hasselrot K, Andersson E, Broliden K, Sandberg JK, Tjernlund A. MAIT cells reside in the female genital mucosa and are biased towards IL-17 and IL-22 production in response to bacterial stimulation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:35-45. [PMID: 27049062 PMCID: PMC5053908 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The female genital tract (FGT) mucosa is a critically important site for immune defense against microbes. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T-cell population that recognizes microbial riboflavin metabolite antigens in an MR1-dependent manner. The role of MAIT cells in the FGT mucosa is unknown. Here, we found that MAIT cells and MR1+ antigen-presenting cells were present in the upper and lower FGT, with distinct tissue localization of MAIT cells in endometrium vs. cervix. The MAIT cells from the FGT and blood displayed a distinct phenotype with expression of interleukin (IL)-18Rα, CD127, α4β7, PD-1, as well as the transcription factors promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), RORγt, Helios, Eomes, and T-bet. Their expression levels of PLZF and Eomes were lower in the FGT compared with blood. When stimulated with Escherichia coli, MAIT cells from the FGT displayed a bias towards IL-17 and IL-22 expression, whereas blood MAIT cells produced primarily IFN-γ, TNF, and Granzyme B. Furthermore, both FGT- and blood-derived MAIT cells were polyfunctional and contributed to the T-cell-mediated response to E. coli. Thus, MAIT cells in the genital mucosa have a distinct IL-17/IL-22 profile and may have an important role in the immunological homeostasis and control of microbes at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gibbs
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Introini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Hasselrot
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Andersson
- Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Capio St. Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Tjernlund
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Carias AM, Allen SA, Fought AJ, Kotnik Halavaty K, Anderson MR, Jimenez ML, McRaven MD, Gioia CJ, Henning TR, Kersh EN, Smith JM, Pereira LE, Butler K, McNicholl SJM, Hendry RM, Kiser PF, Veazey RS, Hope TJ. Increases in Endogenous or Exogenous Progestins Promote Virus-Target Cell Interactions within the Non-human Primate Female Reproductive Tract. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005885. [PMID: 27658293 PMCID: PMC5033389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are mounting data suggesting that HIV-1 acquisition in women can be affected by the use of certain hormonal contraceptives. However, in non-human primate models, endogenous or exogenous progestin-dominant states are shown to increase acquisition. To gain mechanistic insights into this increased acquisition, we studied how mucosal barrier function and CD4+ T-cell and CD68+ macrophage density and localization changed in the presence of natural progestins or after injection with high-dose DMPA. The presence of natural or injected progestins increased virus penetration of the columnar epithelium and the infiltration of susceptible cells into a thinned squamous epithelium of the vaginal vault, increasing the likelihood of potential virus interactions with target cells. These data suggest that increasing either endogenous or exogenous progestin can alter female reproductive tract barrier properties and provide plausible mechanisms for increased HIV-1 acquisition risk in the presence of increased progestin levels. Sexual transmission accounts for over 80% of all HIV-1 infections, with half of new infections occurring in women. Epidemiological studies suggest that certain hormonal contraceptives may be associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition. A hormonal influence of vaginal HIV acquisition is supported by studies utilizing various non-human primate models, which reveal that susceptibility to vaginal transmission is affected by the menstrual cycle or exogenous hormonal treatment. However, the mechanism of increased susceptibility remains unknown. Here, utilizing a variety of techniques and non-human primates, we illustrate that progestin-based contraceptives, such as Depo-Provera, and the natural menses luteal phase have a very similar impact in these models systems. Both increase virus influx into the endocervix and stimulate target cell infiltration of the squamous epithelium. The shedding of the superficial dead layers of the squamous epithelium in the progestin dominant state put the tissue resident cells in close proximity with virus in the lumen increasing the possibility of interactions and infection. A better understanding of vaginal SIV/SHIV acquisition in these widely utilized models is essential to interpret the results of ongoing clinical trials of HIV-1 acquisition during hormonal contraceptives use. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of HIV acquisition should contribute to vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Carias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shannon A. Allen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Angela J. Fought
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katarina Kotnik Halavaty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meegan R. Anderson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael D. McRaven
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Casey J. Gioia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tara R. Henning
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ellen N. Kersh
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James M. Smith
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lara E. Pereira
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katherine Butler
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - S. Janet M. McNicholl
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Hendry
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick F. Kiser
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Mansour RG, Stamper L, Jaeger F, McGuire E, Fouda G, Amos J, Barbas K, Ohashi T, Alam SM, Erickson H, Permar SR. The Presence and Anti-HIV-1 Function of Tenascin C in Breast Milk and Genital Fluids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155261. [PMID: 27182834 PMCID: PMC4868279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a newly identified innate HIV-1-neutralizing protein present in breast milk, yet its presence and potential HIV-inhibitory function in other mucosal fluids is unknown. In this study, we identified TNC as a component of semen and cervical fluid of HIV-1-infected and uninfected individuals, although it is present at a significantly lower concentration and frequency compared to that of colostrum and mature breast milk, potentially due to genital fluid protease degradation. However, TNC was able to neutralize HIV-1 after exposure to low pH, suggesting that TNC could be active at low pH in the vaginal compartment. As mucosal fluids are complex and contain a number of proteins known to interact with the HIV-1 envelope, we further studied the relationship between the concentration of TNC and neutralizing activity in breast milk. The amount of TNC correlated only weakly with the overall innate HIV-1-neutralizing activity of breast milk of uninfected women and negatively correlated with neutralizing activity in milk of HIV-1 infected women, indicating that the amount of TNC in mucosal fluids is not adequate to impede HIV-1 transmission. Moreover, the presence of polyclonal IgG from milk of HIV-1 infected women, but not other HIV-1 envelope-binding milk proteins or monoclonal antibodies, blocked the neutralizing activity of TNC. Finally, as exogenous administration of TNC would be necessary for it to mediate measurable HIV-1 neutralizing activity in mucosal compartments, we established that recombinantly produced TNC has neutralizing activity against transmitted/founder HIV-1 strains that mimic that of purified TNC. Thus, we conclude that endogenous TNC concentration in mucosal fluids is likely inadequate to block HIV-1 transmission to uninfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Mansour
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Stamper
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frederick Jaeger
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin McGuire
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua Amos
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Barbas
- Lactation Support Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tomoo Ohashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Harold Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alcaide ML, Strbo N, Romero L, Jones DL, Rodriguez VJ, Arheart K, Martinez O, Bolivar H, Podack ER, Fischl MA. Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153045. [PMID: 27078021 PMCID: PMC4831836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common female reproductive tract infection and is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV by a mechanism that is not well understood. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system, are present in the female reproductive tract, and play an important role in epithelial barrier protection. GD1 cells predominate in the mucosal tissue and are important in maintaining mucosal integrity. GD2 cells predominate in peripheral blood and play a role in humoral immunity and in the immune response to pathogens. HIV infection is associated with changes in GD T cells frequencies in the periphery and in the female reproductive tract. The objective of this study is to evaluate if changes in vaginal flora occurring with BV are associated with changes in endocervical GD T cell responses, which could account for increased susceptibility to HIV. Seventeen HIV-infected (HIV+) and 17 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) pre-menopausal women underwent collection of vaginal swabs and endocervical cytobrushes. Vaginal flora was assessed using the Nugent score. GD T cells were assessed in cytobrush samples by flow cytometry. Median Nugent score was 5.0 and 41% of women had abnormal vaginal flora. In HIV uninfected women there was a negative correlation between Nugent score and cervical GD1 T cells (b for interaction = - 0.176, p<0.01); cervical GD1 T cells were higher in women with normal vaginal flora than in those with abnormal flora (45.00% vs 9.95%, p = 0.005); and cervical GD2 T cells were higher in women with abnormal flora than in those with normal flora (1.70% vs 0.35%, p = 0.023). GD T cells in the genital tract are protective (GD1) and are targets for HIV entry (GD2). The decrease in cervical GD1 and increase in GD2 T cells among women with abnormal vaginal flora predisposes women with BV to HIV acquisition. We propose to use GD T cell as markers of female genital tract vulnerability to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Laura Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Deborah L. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Violeta J. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Arheart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Octavio Martinez
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America, Hector Bolivar, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Hector Bolivar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Eckhard R. Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Fischl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
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Zanotta N, Tornesello ML, Annunziata C, Stellato G, Buonaguro FM, Comar M. Candidate Soluble Immune Mediators in Young Women with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection: High Expression of Chemokines Promoting Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151851. [PMID: 26990868 PMCID: PMC4798492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The causal interpretation of cervical immune response to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is complex and poorly characterized mainly due to the delicate balance that exists between viral infection, increase of inflammatory cytokines and host risk factors. This study aims to explore the significance of cervical immune mediators associated to cell survival, angiogenesis and interaction with immune response, in predicting the risk to develop HPV-related intraepithelial lesions. Methods A panel of 48 cytokines and growth factors were explored in a selected cohort of 168 immunocompetent women including 88 diagnosed with low (LSIL) or high (HSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix and 80 with normal cervical cytology (NIL). HPV genotyping was performed by Linear Array HPV test and the soluble concentration of 48 immune molecules was analyzed using the Bio-Plex platform. Results The prevalence of single HR-HPV infection was 30% in NIL and 100% in LSIL and HSIL women. The expression of 13 cytokines, including interleukins IL-6, IL-3, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-16, IL-18, LIF, of chemokines CCL7 (MCP-3), CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL12 (SDF-1α) and of the tropic factors VEGF, G-CSF, M-CSF were significantly associated with the presence of infection, with levels being higher in women with precancerous lesions compared to NIL HPV negative women. Only the growth factor GM-CSF was positively associated with the cytological abnormalities. Conclusions The ability of HR-HPV to escape from innate immune recognition and to orchestrate the production of specific inflammatory and growth factors, involved in early inflammatory response and in the cell-proliferating phase of intraepithelial damage, was documented in women before the development of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS – “Fond. Pascale,” Napoli, Italy
| | - Clorinda Annunziata
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS – “Fond. Pascale,” Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stellato
- Gynecology Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS – “Fond. Pascale,” Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS – “Fond. Pascale,” Napoli, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Altenburg A, Abdel-Naser MB, Nikolakis G, Wild T, Wojtalewicz N. CD40/CD40 ligand interactions and TNFα treatment reduce activity of P105 promoter of the human papilloma virus-18 in vitro. Exp Oncol 2016; 38:22-25. [PMID: 27031714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical carcinoma cells including those infected with the oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) and several cervical carcinoma cell lines show a strong expression of the CD40 receptor, unlike benign cervical epithelial cells infected with HPV. The functional relevance of this up-regulated expression in the tumor is not fully understood. Nevertheless, it might offer a unique possibility to target those malignant cells due to the antiviral and antitumoral effects of the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions. AIM In vitro assessment of the effect of CD40L on HPV 18-P105 promoter activity and the subsequent release of IL-6 by the promoter transfected HeLa(CD40) cells, which express CD40 constitutively. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transfection of HeLa(CD40) cells was achieved by electroporation after optimizing the parameters by the pCMV-β-Gal vector and β-Gal stain. Transfected HeLa(CD40) cells were challenged with BHK(CD40L) and TNFα, in addition to BHK(wt) and medium alone as controls. HPV18-P105 promoter activity was demonstrated by luciferase reporter gene assay while IL-6 was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS CD40/CD40L interactions and TNFα treatment significantly reduced HPV18-P105 promoter activity (56.0 ± 10.2% and 64.1 ± 9.1% vs. control, respectively; p < 0.001). Likewise, IL-6, which is a sensitive cytokine of CD40 activation, was significantly increased in HeLa(CD40) cells in the same experiments (2.7 fold after stimulation with BHK(CD40L) and 5.2 fold after stimulation with TNFα vs. control; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION It is likely that the CD40/CD40L interactions and TNFα are effective against cervical carcinomas by repressing transcriptional activity of HPV promoter. This can result in new adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Altenburg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau D-06847, Germany
| | | | - G Nikolakis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau D-06847, Germany
| | - T Wild
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau D-06847, Germany
| | - N Wojtalewicz
- Center of Life Sciences Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg D-06406, Germany
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Olesen R, Swanson MD, Kovarova M, Nochi T, Chateau M, Honeycutt JB, Long JM, Denton PW, Hudgens MG, Richardson A, Tolstrup M, Østergaard L, Wahl A, Garcia JV. ART influences HIV persistence in the female reproductive tract and cervicovaginal secretions. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:892-904. [PMID: 26854925 DOI: 10.1172/jci64212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently completed HIV prevention trials network study 052 is a landmark collaboration demonstrating that HIV transmission in discordant couples can be dramatically reduced by treating the infected individual with antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the cellular and virological events that occur in the female reproductive tract (FRT) during ART that result in such a drastic decrease in transmission were not studied and remain unknown. Here, we implemented an in vivo model of ART in BM/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice in order to better understand the ability of ART to prevent secondary HIV transmission. We demonstrated that the entire FRT of BLT mice is reconstituted with human CD4+ cells that are shed into cervicovaginal secretions (CVS). A high percentage of the CD4+ T cells in the FRT and CVS expressed CCR5 and therefore are potential HIV target cells. Infection with HIV increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CVS of BLT mice. Furthermore, HIV was present in CVS during infection. Finally, we evaluated the effect of ART on HIV levels in the FRT and CVS and demonstrated that ART can efficiently suppress cell-free HIV-RNA in CVS, despite residual levels of HIV-RNA+ cells in both the FRT and CVS.
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Makinde HM, Lurain N, Bitterman P, Martinson J, Plants J, Landay AL, Spear GT. Characterization of IL-22 and IL-17 Expressing Leukocytes in the Cervix. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:42-50. [PMID: 26459205 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Identification of the types of cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 in the genital tract can clarify the roles that these cytokines play in responses to pathogens. METHOD OF STUDY We isolated and stimulated cells from cervical tissue to identify and characterize cytokine-producing cells. RESULTS Upon stimulation of CD3+ CD4+ endocervical cells, 1.6, 3.4, and 1.5% were induced to produce IL-22, IL-17, and both cytokines, respectively. Stimulation of CD3+ CD4+ ectocervical cells resulted in 3.3% IL-22+, 5.5% IL-17(+) and 2.6% IL-22(+) IL17+ cells. CD45+ CD3- cells had relatively high endogenous levels of cytokine expression that did not increase upon stimulation. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) made up 5.7-8% of CD45+ cervical cells and stimulation caused increases in IL-17 and IL-22. CONCLUSION These studies show that the majority of the CD45+ leukocytes that can be induced to produce IL-22 and IL-17 in cervix are CD3+ CD4+, but ILCs are also present and can make both cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadijat M Makinde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nell Lurain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pincas Bitterman
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeff Martinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill Plants
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Greg T Spear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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36
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Joag VR, McKinnon LR, Liu J, Kidane ST, Yudin MH, Nyanga B, Kimwaki S, Besel KE, Obila JO, Huibner S, Oyugi JO, Arthos J, Anzala O, Kimani J, Ostrowski MA, Kaul R. Identification of preferential CD4+ T-cell targets for HIV infection in the cervix. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1-12. [PMID: 25872482 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the cellular targets of HIV infection in the female genital tract may inform HIV prevention efforts. Proposed correlates of cellular susceptibility include the HIV co-receptor CCR5, peripheral homing integrins, and immune activation. We used a CCR5-tropic pseudovirus to quantify HIV entry into unstimulated endocervical CD4(+) T cells collected by cytobrush. Virus entry was threefold higher into cervix-derived CD4(+) T cells than blood, but was strongly correlated between these two compartments. Cervix-derived CD4(+) T cells expressing CD69, α(4)β(7), or α(4)β(1) were preferential HIV targets; this enhanced susceptibility was strongly correlated with increased CCR5 expression in α(4)β(7)(+) and CD69(+) CD4(+) T cells, and to a lesser extent in α(4)β(1)(+) CD4(+) T cells. Direct binding of gp140 to integrins was not observed, integrin inhibitors had no effect on virus entry, and pseudotypes with an env that preferentially binds α(4)β(7) still demonstrated enhanced entry into α(4)β(1)(+) cells. In summary, a rapid and sensitive HIV entry assay demonstrated enhanced susceptibility of activated endocervical CD4(+) T cells, and those expressing α(4)β(7) or α(4)β(1). This may relate to increased CCR5 expression by these cell subsets, but did not appear to be due to direct interaction of α(4)β(7) or α(4)β(1) with HIV envelope.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cervix Uteri/immunology
- Cervix Uteri/virology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Integrin alpha4beta1/genetics
- Integrin alpha4beta1/immunology
- Integrins/genetics
- Integrins/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Organ Specificity
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Virus Internalization
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Joag
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S T Kidane
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M H Yudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Nyanga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Kimwaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K E Besel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J O Obila
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J O Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Arthos
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - O Anzala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chappell CA, Isaacs CE, Xu W, Meyn LA, Uranker K, Dezzutti CS, Moncla BJ, Hillier SL. The effect of menopause on the innate antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:204.e1-6. [PMID: 25818668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reproductive hormones are known to impact innate mucosal immune function of the lower genital tract. Our objectives were to determine the effect of hormonal status on intrinsic antiviral (herpes simplex virus [HSV]-1, HSV-2, and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-1) activity of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). STUDY DESIGN CVL was collected from 165 asymptomatic women including postmenopausal women (n = 29); women not on contraception in days 1-14 (n = 26) or days 15-28 (n = 27) of the menstrual cycle; and women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine device (n = 28), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 28), or combined oral contraceptives (n = 27). The anti-HSV-1/-2 and the anti-HIV-1 activity of the CVL were measured using plaque assays and the Jurkat-Tat-CCR5 assay, respectively. RESULTS CVL from all of the groups had modest antiviral activity. Anti-HIV-1 activity was decreased in CVL from postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women (11% vs 34%, P = .002). However, there was no difference in anti-HIV-1 activity among premenopausal women regardless of phase of menstrual cycle or contraceptive use. Anti-HIV-1 activity was associated with the protein content of the CVL (r = 0.44, P < .001). There was no difference in anti-HSV-1 or -2 activity by hormonal group. CONCLUSION Menopause is associated with decreased innate HIV-1 activity in the lower genital tract, suggesting that factors in the vaginal fluid could play a role in increased susceptibility of HIV-1 infection in postmenopausal women. Hormonal contraceptive use, menopause, and phase of menstrual cycle did not have a measurable impact on the intrinsic anti-HSV-1 or -2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chappell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Charles E Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
| | | | | | - Charlene S Dezzutti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bernard J Moncla
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sharon L Hillier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Smith-McCune K, Chen JC, Greenblatt RM, Shanmugasundaram U, Shacklett BL, Hilton JF, Johnson B, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Unexpected Inflammatory Effects of Intravaginal Gels (Universal Placebo Gel and Nonoxynol-9) on the Upper Female Reproductive Tract: A Randomized Crossover Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129769. [PMID: 26177352 PMCID: PMC4503751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravaginal anti-HIV microbicides could provide women with a self-controlled means for HIV prevention, but results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing. We postulated that unrecognized effects of intravaginal gels on the upper female reproductive tract might contribute to the lower-than-expected efficacy of HIV microbicides. Our objective was to study the effects of intravaginal gels on the immune microenvironment of the cervix and uterus. In this randomized crossover study, 27 healthy female volunteers used a nightly application of intravaginal nonoxynol-9 (N9) gel as a "failed" microbicide or the universal placebo gel (UPG) as a "safe" gel (intervention cycles), or nothing (control cycle) from the end of menses to the mid-luteal phase. At a specific time-point following ovulation, all participants underwent sample collection for measurements of T-cell phenotypes, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine protein concentrations from 3 anatomic sites above the vagina: the cervical transformation zone, the endocervix and the endometrium. We used hierarchical statistical models to estimate mean (95% CI) intervention effects, for N9 and UPG relative to control. Exposure to N9 gel and UPG generated a common "harm signal" that included transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory genes chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (macrophage inflammatory factor-3alpha) and interleukin 8 in the cervix, decreased protein concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory mediators glycodelin-A and osteopontin in the endometrium. These results need to be replicated with a larger sample, but underscore the need to consider the effects of microbicide agents and gel excipients on the upper female reproductive tract in studies of vaginal microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith-McCune
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph C. Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Uma Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joan F. Hilton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brittni Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Irwin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Archary D, Liebenberg LJ, Werner L, Tulsi S, Majola N, Naicker N, Dlamini S, Hope TJ, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS, Morris L, Passmore JAS, Garrett NJ. Randomized Cross-Sectional Study to Compare HIV-1 Specific Antibody and Cytokine Concentrations in Female Genital Secretions Obtained by Menstrual Cup and Cervicovaginal Lavage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131906. [PMID: 26147923 PMCID: PMC4492781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optimizing methods for genital specimen collection to accurately characterize mucosal immune responses is a priority for the HIV prevention field. The menstrual cup (MC) has been proposed as an alternative to other methods including cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), but no study has yet formally compared these two methods. Methods Forty HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve women from the CAPRISA 002 acute HIV infection cohort study were randomized to have genital fluid collected using the MC with subsequent CVL, or by CVL alone. Qualitative data, which assessed levels of comfort and acceptability of MC using a 5-point Likert scale, was collected. Luminex multiplex assays were used to measure HIV-specific IgG against multiple gene products and 48 cytokines. Results The majority (94%) of participants indicated that insertion, wearing and removal of the MC was comfortable. Nineteen MCs with 18 matching, subsequent CVLs and 20 randomized CVLs were available for analysis. Mucosal IgG responses against four HIV-antigens were detected in 99% of MCs compared to only 80% of randomized CVLs (p = 0.029). Higher specific antibody activity and total antibodies were observed in MCs compared to CVL (all p<0.001). In MCs, 42/48 (88%) cytokines were in the detectable range in all participants compared to 27/48 (54%) in CVL (p<0.001). Concentrations of 22/41 cytokines (53.7%) were significantly higher in fluid collected by MC. Both total IgG (r = 0.63; p = 0.005) and cytokine concentrations (r = 0.90; p<0.001) correlated strongly between MC and corresponding post-MC CVL. Conclusions MC sampling improves the detection of mucosal cytokines and antibodies, particularly those present at low concentrations. MC may therefore represent an ideal tool to assess immunological parameters in genital secretions, without interfering with concurrent collection of conventional CVL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Lenine J. Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lise Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sahil Tulsi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nelisile Majola
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sarah Dlamini
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natasha Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Morris M, Aubert RD, Butler K, Henning T, Mitchell J, Jenkins L, Garber D, McNicholl J, Kersh EN. Preclinical evaluation of the immunomodulatory lymphocyte trafficking drug FTY720 for HIV prevention in the female genital mucosa of macaques. J Med Primatol 2015; 43:370-3. [PMID: 25379595 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines and immune cells in the genital mucosa of macaques. This pilot study examined the ability of FTY720 to inhibit HIV acquisition. Systemic treatment with FTY720 failed to prevent or delay vaginal SHIV transmission.
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Guthrie BL, Introini A, Roxby AC, Choi RY, Bosire R, Lohman-Payne B, Hirbod T, Farquhar C, Broliden K. Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use Is Associated With Elevated Innate Immune Effector Molecules in Cervicovaginal Secretions of HIV-1-Uninfected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69:1-10. [PMID: 25622059 PMCID: PMC4424097 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of sex hormones on the immune defenses of the female genital mucosa and its susceptibility to infections are poorly understood. The injectable hormonal contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may increase the risk for HIV-1 acquisition. We assessed the local concentration in the female genital mucosa of cationic polypeptides with reported antiviral activity in relation to DMPA use. METHODS HIV-1-uninfected women were recruited from among couples testing for HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. Cervicovaginal secretion samples were collected, and the concentrations of HNP1-3, LL-37, lactoferrin, HBD-2, and SLPI were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of cationic polypeptides in cervicovaginal secretions were compared between women who were not using hormonal contraception and those using DMPA, oral, or implantable contraception. RESULTS Among 228 women, 165 (72%) reported not using hormonal contraception at enrollment, 41 (18%) used DMPA, 16 (7%) used an oral contraceptive, and 6 (3%) used a contraceptive implant. Compared with nonusers of hormonal contraception, DMPA users had significantly higher mean levels of HNP1-3 (2.38 vs. 2.04 log₁₀ ng/mL; P = 0.024), LL-37 (0.81 vs. 0.40 log10 ng/mL; P = 0.027), and lactoferrin (3.03 vs. 2.60 log₁₀ ng/mL; P = 0.002), whereas SLPI and HBD-2 were similar. CONCLUSIONS Although all analyzed cationic polypeptides have intrinsic antiviral capacity, their interaction and cumulative effect on female genital mucosa susceptibility to infections in vivo has yet to be unraveled. This study suggests a potential mechanism underlying the effect of DMPA on the innate immune defenses, providing a rationale to investigate its effect on HIV-1 acquisition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Guthrie
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea Introini
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison C. Roxby
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Y. Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rose Bosire
- Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barbara Lohman-Payne
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taha Hirbod
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kleppa E, Klinge KF, Galaphaththi-Arachchige HN, Holmen SD, Lillebø K, Onsrud M, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Ndhlovu P, Kjetland EF. Schistosoma haematobium infection and CD4+ T-cell levels: a cross-sectional study of young South African women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119326. [PMID: 25768005 PMCID: PMC4359034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma (S.) haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis and has been hypothesized to adversely impact HIV transmission and progression. On the other hand it has been hypothesized that HIV could influence the manifestations of schistosomiasis. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the association between urogenital S. haematobium infection and CD4 cell counts in 792 female high-school students from randomly selected schools in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We also investigated the association between low CD4 cell counts in HIV positive women and the number of excreted schistosome eggs in urine. Sixteen percent were HIV positive and 31% had signs of urogenital schistosomiasis (as determined by genital sandy patches and / or abnormal blood vessels on ectocervix / vagina by colposcopy or presence of eggs in urine). After stratifying for HIV status, participants with and without urogenital schistosomiasis had similar CD4 cell counts. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in HIV positive women with low and high CD4 cell counts. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs excreted in urine when comparing HIV positive and HIV negative women. Our findings indicate that urogenital schistosomiasis do not influence the number of circulating CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari F. Klinge
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigve D. Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Onsrud
- Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Eyrun F. Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Morris GC, Wiggins RC, Woodhall SC, Bland JM, Taylor CR, Jespers V, Vcelar BA, Lacey CJ. MABGEL 1: first phase 1 trial of the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 as a vaginal microbicide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116153. [PMID: 25546420 PMCID: PMC4278856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which potently neutralize a broad range of HIV isolates are potential microbicide candidates. To date, topical application of mAbs in humans and their stability in vaginal secretions has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of the mAbs 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 when applied vaginally in women. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy, sexually abstinent women administered 2.5 g of gel daily for 12 days containing either 10 or 20 mg/g of each mAb (MABGEL) or placebo. Main clinical evaluations and sampling occurred at baseline, 1, 8, and 24 hours post-1st dose and 12 and 36 hours post-12th dose. RESULTS After adjustment for dilution factors, median levels of 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 in vaginal secretions at 1 hour post high-dose MABGEL were 7.74, 5.28 and 7.48 mg/ml respectively. Levels of 2F5 and 4E10 declined exponentially thereafter with similar estimated half-lives (4.6 and 4.3 hours). In contrast, 2G12 levels declined more rapidly in the first 8 hours, with an estimated half-life of 1.4 hours during this period. There was no evidence of systemic absorption. There were no significant differences in local or systemic adverse event rates or vaginal flora changes (by qPCR) between active and placebo gel arms. Whilst at least 1 adverse event was recorded in 96% of participants, 95% were mild and none were serious. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal application of 50 mg of each mAb daily was safe over a 12 day period. Median mAb concentrations detected at 8 hours post dose were potentially sufficient to block HIV transmission.2G12 exhibited more rapid elimination from the human vagina than 4E10 and 2F5, likely due to poor stability of 2G12 in acidic human vaginal secretions. Further research is needed to develop mAb-based vaginal microbicides and delivery systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 64808733 UK CRN Portfolio 6470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C. Morris
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Wiggins
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Woodhall
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - J. Martin Bland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Carol R. Taylor
- Hull York Medical School Experimental Medicine Unit, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charles J. Lacey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Akgul Y, Word RA, Ensign LM, Yamaguchi Y, Lydon J, Hanes J, Mahendroo M. Hyaluronan in cervical epithelia protects against infection-mediated preterm birth. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5481-9. [PMID: 25384213 DOI: 10.1172/jci78765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased synthesis of cervical hyaluronan (HA) from early to late pregnancy has long been proposed to play an essential role in disorganization of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix to allow for maximal compliance and dilation of the cervix during the birth process. Here, we show that HA is not essential for increased cervical distensibility during late pregnancy. Rather, cervicovaginal HA plays an unanticipated important role in epithelial barrier protection of the lower reproductive tract. Specifically, HA depletion in the cervix and vagina resulted in inappropriate differentiation of epithelial cells, increased epithelial and mucosal permeability, and strikingly increased preterm birth rates in a mouse model of ascending vaginal infection. Collectively, these findings revealed that although HA is not obligatory for cervical compliance, it is crucial for maintaining an epithelial and mucosal barrier to limit pathogen infiltration of the lower reproductive tract during pregnancy and thereby is protective against infection-mediated preterm birth.
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Figueiredo MM, Deoti B, Amorim IF, Pinto AJW, Moraes A, Carvalho CS, da Silva SM, de Assis ACB, de Faria AMC, Tafuri WL. Expression of regulatory T cells in jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3704-12. [PMID: 24935975 PMCID: PMC4187817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01862-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the frequencies of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mononuclear cells in the jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and in uninfected controls. All infected dogs showed chronic lymphadenitis and enteritis. Despite persistent parasite loads, no erosion or ulcers were evident in the epithelial mucosa. The colon harbored more parasites than the jejunum. Frequencies of total CD4(+), total Foxp3, and CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Despite negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum results for cytokines, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon for infected dogs. However, IL-4 levels were higher in the colon than in the jejunum for infected dogs. There was no observed correlation between clinical signs and histopathological changes or immunological and parasitological findings in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of canines with visceral leishmaniasis. However, distinct segments of the GIT presented different immunological and parasitological responses. The jejunum showed a lower parasite load, with increased frequencies and expression of CD4, Foxp3, and CD8 receptors and IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines. The colon showed a higher parasite load, with increasing expression of IL-4. Leishmania infantum infection increased expression of CD4, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and reduced CD8 and IL-4 expression in both the jejunum and the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Figueiredo
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Deoti
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Izabela F Amorim
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Aldair J W Pinto
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Andrea Moraes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carolina S Carvalho
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana C B de Assis
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana M C de Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wagner L Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Pysariev AO, Zhdanovych OI, Anoshina TM, Kolomiĭchenko TV. [The efficacy of immunoprevention of intrauterine infections in women with herpes virus]. Lik Sprava 2014:108-113. [PMID: 25906658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the prevention of intrauterine infection in pregnant women in the identification of herpes virus infection in the acute stage or the presence of chronic infectionin combination with a complicated obstetric and gynecological history (miscarriage, still birth, intrauterine infection in a child) is recommended to treats pecific immunoglobulins. The studies demonstrated the efficacy of such a therapeutic and prophylactic complex, as.confirmed by the improvement of children's condition at birth, reduced frequency disadaptation syndromes, clinical signs of intrauterine infection (pneumonia, etc.), neonatal mortality, a decrease at 41.7% intrauterine infection frequency by laboratory test.
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Trifonova RT, Lieberman J, van Baarle D. Distribution of immune cells in the human cervix and implications for HIV transmission. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:252-64. [PMID: 24410939 PMCID: PMC3943534 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Knowledge of the mucosal immune cell composition of the human female genital tract is important for understanding susceptibility to HIV-1. METHOD OF STUDY We developed an optimized procedure for multicolor flow cytometry analysis of immune cells from human cervix to characterize all major immune cell subsets in the endocervix and ectocervix. RESULTS Half of tissue hematopoietic cells were CD14(+) , many of which were macrophages and about a third were CD11c(+) , most of which were CD103(-) CD11b(+) CX3CR1(+) DC-SIGN(+) dendritic cells (DCs). The other dominant population were T cells, with more CD8 than CD4 cells. T cells (both CD8 and CD4) and B cells were more abundant in the ectocervix than endocervix of pre-menopausal women; however, CD8(+) T cell and B cell numbers declined in the ectocervix after menopause, while CD4 T cell counts remained higher. B, NK and conventional myeloid and plasmocytoid DCs each were a few percent of tissue hematopoietic cells. Although the ectocervix had more HIV-susceptible CD4(+) T cells, polarized endocervical explants supported HIV replication significantly better. CONCLUSION Due to their abundance in the genital tract, CX3CR1(+) DC-SIGN(+) DCs might be important in HIV transmission. Our data also suggest that the columnar epithelium of the upper genital tract might be a preferential site for HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana T. Trifonova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Sathe A, Reddy KVR. TLR9 and RIG-I signaling in human endocervical epithelial cells modulates inflammatory responses of macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83882. [PMID: 24409285 PMCID: PMC3883652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system has evolved to recognize invading pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).Among PRRs, Toll like receptors (TLRs 3, 7/8,9) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) have been shown to recognize viral components. Mucosal immune responses to viral infections require coordinated actions from epithelial as well as immune cells. In this respect, endocervical epithelial cells (EEC's) play an important role in initiating innate immune responses via PRRs. It is unknown whether EEC's can alter immune responses of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC's) like its counterparts in intestinal and respiratory systems. In this study, we show that endocervical epithelial cells (End1/E6E7) express two key receptors, TLR9 and RIG-I involved in anti-viral immunity. Stimulation of End1/E6E7 cells lead to the activation of NF-κB and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8. Polarized End1/E6E7 cells responded to apical stimulation with ligands of TLR9 and RIG-I, CpG-ODN and Poly(I:C)LL respectively, without compromising End1/E6E7 cell integrity. At steady state, spent medium from End1/E6E7 cells significantly reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from LPS treated human primary monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) and DC:T cell co-cultures. Spent medium from End1/E6E7 cells stimulated with ligands of TLR9/RIG-I restored secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as enhanced phagocytosis and chemotaxis of monocytic U937 cells. Spent medium from CpG-ODN and Poly(I:C)LL stimulated End1/E6E7 cells showed significant increased secretion of IL-12p70 from DC:T cell co-cultures. The anti-inflammatory effect of spent media of End1/E6E7 cell was observed to be TGF-β dependent. In summary, the results of our study indicate that EEC's play an indispensable role in modulating anti-viral immune responses at the female lower genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sathe
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kudumula Venkata Rami Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
This work assessed the temporal coexpression of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) beyond 24 weeks gestation including women in spontaneous term labor. Two cohorts of women were recruited at 24 to 35 weeks' gestation (n = 65) and in late pregnancy (>36 weeks' gestation; n = 88). The CVF was serially collected either every 4 weeks between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation (n = 123 samples) or weekly during late pregnancy (n = 240 samples). The IL-1 and IL-1ra were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of vaginal microflora and unprotected sexual intercourse were also investigated. The IL-1β and IL-1ra remain unaltered between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation. At late pregnancy, IL-1α and β concentrations peak at 4 to 14 days prior to labor onset, while IL-1ra decreases with approaching spontaneous term labor (P < .05, 2-way analysis of variance). The IL-1 and IL-1ra were significantly correlated (P < .001, Pearson r). A combined biomarker model of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1ra can predict term labor with 86% sensitivity and 92% specificity. This study indicates a shifting inflammatory balance in the gestational tissues prior to labor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Jan Heng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stella Liong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Permezel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan K. W. Di Quinzio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry M. Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Gupta S, Gach JS, Becerra JC, Phan TB, Pudney J, Moldoveanu Z, Joseph SB, Landucci G, Supnet MJ, Ping LH, Corti D, Moldt B, Hel Z, Lanzavecchia A, Ruprecht RM, Burton DR, Mestecky J, Anderson DJ, Forthal DN. The Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcytosis across epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003776. [PMID: 24278022 PMCID: PMC3836734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) crosses mucosal surfaces to establish infection are unknown. Acidic genital secretions of HIV-1-infected women contain HIV-1 likely coated by antibody. We found that the combination of acidic pH and Env-specific IgG, including that from cervicovaginal and seminal fluids of HIV-1-infected individuals, augmented transcytosis across epithelial cells as much as 20-fold compared with Env-specific IgG at neutral pH or non-specific IgG at either pH. Enhanced transcytosis was observed with clinical HIV-1 isolates, including transmitted/founder strains, and was eliminated in Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn)-knockdown epithelial cells. Non-neutralizing antibodies allowed similar or less transcytosis than neutralizing antibodies. However, the ratio of total:infectious virus was higher for neutralizing antibodies, indicating that they allowed transcytosis while blocking infectivity of transcytosed virus. Immunocytochemistry revealed abundant FcRn expression in columnar epithelia lining the human endocervix and penile urethra. Acidity and Env-specific IgG enhance transcytosis of virus across epithelial cells via FcRn and could facilitate translocation of virus to susceptible target cells following sexual exposure. HIV-1 causes a sexually transmitted disease. However, the mechanisms employed by the virus to cross genital tract tissue and establish infection are uncertain. Since cervicovaginal fluid is acidic and HIV-1 in cervicovaginal fluid is likely coated with antibodies, we explored the effect of low pH and HIV-1-specific antibodies on transcytosis, the movement of HIV-1 across tight-junctioned epithelial cells. We found that the combination of HIV-1-specific antibodies and low pH enhanced transcytosis as much as 20-fold. Virus that underwent transcytosis under these conditions was infectious, and infectivity was highly influenced by whether or not the antibody neutralized the virus. We observed enhanced transcytosis using antibody from cervicovaginal and seminal fluids and using transmitted/founder strains of HIV-1. We also found that the enhanced transcytosis was due to the Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn), which binds immune complexes at acidic pH and releases them at neutral pH. Finally, staining of human tissue revealed abundant FcRn expression on columnar epithelial cells of penile urethra and endocervix. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism wherein HIV-1 may facilitate its own transmission by usurping the antibody response directed against itself. These results have important implications for HIV vaccine development and for understanding the earliest events in HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes S. Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Becerra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tran B. Phan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Pudney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Medalyn Jude Supnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Li-Hua Ping
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Humabs BioMed SA, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Brian Moldt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah J. Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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