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Vindenes HK, Lillebø K, Skorge TD, Irgens-Hansen K. Smittevern og hudutfordringer ved covid-19. Tidsskriftet 2020; 140:20-0365. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Todnem Sakkestad S, Steinsland H, Skrede S, Kleppa E, Lillebø K, Sævik M, Søyland H, Rykkje Heien A, Gjerde Tellevik M, Barry EM, Sommerfelt H, Hanevik K. Experimental Infection of Human Volunteers with the Heat-Stable Enterotoxin-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strain TW11681. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020084. [PMID: 31234485 PMCID: PMC6630672 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) producing the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) is one of the most important causes of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we undertook a controlled human infection model (CHIM) study to investigate whether ST-producing ETEC strain TW11681 would be suitable for testing the protective efficacy of new ST-based vaccine candidates in vaccine challenge models. In groups of three, nine volunteers ingested 1 × 106, 1 × 107, or 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of TW11681. Flow cytometry-based assays were used to measure CD4+ T cell responses and antibody levels targeting virulence factors expressed by the strain. We found that infection with TW11681 elicited few and mild symptoms, including mild diarrhoea in two volunteers, both of whom ingested 1 × 106 CFU. Averaged across all volunteers, the CD4+ T cell responses specific for E. coli YghJ mucinase peaked 10 days after infection (3.2-fold (p = 0.016)), while the CD4+ T cell responses specific for Colonization Factor Antigen I (CFA/I) major fimbrial subunit (CfaB) peaked after 28 days (3.6-fold (p = 0.063)). The serum CfaB-specific anti-IgA and anti-IgG/IgM levels were significantly increased and peaked 3 months after infection. Both remained elevated for the duration of the 12-month follow-up. The corresponding anti-YghJ serological response was strongest after 10 days, although a significant increase was seen only for IgA levels (3.2-fold (p = 0.008)). In conclusion, due to its low diarrhoea attack risk, TW11681 is probably not suitable for testing the efficacy of new vaccines in human challenge studies at doses 1 × 106 to 1 × 108. However, the strain may still be useful in CHIMs for studying ETEC host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Todnem Sakkestad
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.T.S.); steinar.skrede@helse-bergen-no (S.S.)
| | - Hans Steinsland
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7894, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Steinar Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.T.S.); steinar.skrede@helse-bergen-no (S.S.)
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (A.R.H.)
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (A.R.H.)
| | - Marianne Sævik
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (A.R.H.)
| | - Hanne Søyland
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (A.R.H.)
| | - Astrid Rykkje Heien
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (K.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (A.R.H.)
| | - Marit Gjerde Tellevik
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Eileen M. Barry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Halvor Sommerfelt
- Centre for Intervention Science in Material and Child Health (CISMAC), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 222 Oslo Postbox, Norway
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.T.S.); steinar.skrede@helse-bergen-no (S.S.)
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55-97-30-79
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Lutro O, Lillebø K, Schrama JC, Dale H, Sjursen H. En mann med feber og leddsmerter. Tidsskriftet 2016; 136:1999-2001. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Holmen SD, Kleppa E, Lillebø K, Pillay P, van Lieshout L, Taylor M, Albregtsen F, Vennervald BJ, Onsrud M, Kjetland EF. The first step toward diagnosing female genital schistosomiasis by computer image analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:80-86. [PMID: 25918212 PMCID: PMC4497910 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium causes female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), which is a poverty-related disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, it is co-endemic with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and biopsies from genital lesions may expose the individual to increased risk of HIV infection. However, microscopy of urine and hematuria are nonspecific and insensitive predictors of FGS and gynecological investigation requires extensive training. Safe and affordable diagnostic methods are needed. We explore a novel method of diagnosing FGS using computer color analysis of colposcopic images. In a cross-sectional study on young women in an endemic area, we found strong associations between the output from the computer color analysis and both clinical diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.97, P < 0.001) and urine microscopy for schistosomiasis (OR = 3.52, P = 0.004). Finally, using latent class statistics, we estimate that the computer color analysis yields a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 66.2% for the diagnosis of FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigve Dhondup Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kleppa E, Klinge KF, Galaphaththi-Arachchige HN, Holmen SD, Lillebø K, Onsrud M, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Ndhlovu P, Kjetland EF. Schistosoma haematobium infection and CD4+ T-cell levels: a cross-sectional study of young South African women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119326. [PMID: 25768005 PMCID: PMC4359034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma (S.) haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis and has been hypothesized to adversely impact HIV transmission and progression. On the other hand it has been hypothesized that HIV could influence the manifestations of schistosomiasis. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the association between urogenital S. haematobium infection and CD4 cell counts in 792 female high-school students from randomly selected schools in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We also investigated the association between low CD4 cell counts in HIV positive women and the number of excreted schistosome eggs in urine. Sixteen percent were HIV positive and 31% had signs of urogenital schistosomiasis (as determined by genital sandy patches and / or abnormal blood vessels on ectocervix / vagina by colposcopy or presence of eggs in urine). After stratifying for HIV status, participants with and without urogenital schistosomiasis had similar CD4 cell counts. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in HIV positive women with low and high CD4 cell counts. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs excreted in urine when comparing HIV positive and HIV negative women. Our findings indicate that urogenital schistosomiasis do not influence the number of circulating CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari F. Klinge
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigve D. Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Onsrud
- Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Eyrun F. Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kleppa E, Holmen SD, Lillebø K, Kjetland EF, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Moodley P, Onsrud M. Cervical ectopy: associations with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. A cross-sectional study of high school students in rural South Africa. Sex Transm Infect 2015; 91:124-9. [PMID: 25281761 PMCID: PMC4345922 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been hypothesised that ectopy may be associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this cross-sectional study, we wanted to explore the association between STIs (including HIV) and cervical ectopy. METHODS We included 700 sexually active young women attending randomly selected high schools in a rural district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The district is endemic of HIV and has a high prevalence of STIs. We did computer-assisted measurements of the ectocervical area covered by columnar epithelium (ectopy) in colposcopic images and STI analyses on cervicovaginal lavage and serum samples. All participating women answered a questionnaire about sexual behaviour and use of contraceptives. RESULTS The mean age was 19.1 years. Ectopy was found in 27.2%, HIV in 27.8%, chlamydia in 25.3% and gonorrhoea in 15.6%. We found that age, parity, chlamydia and gonorrhoea, years since menarche, years since sexual debut and number of sexual partners were associated with ectopy. In multivariate analysis with chlamydia infection as the dependent variable, women with ectopy had increased odds of having chlamydia infection (adjusted OR 1.78, p=0.033). In women under 19 years of age, we found twofold higher odds of being HIV-positive for those with ectopy (OR 2.19, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, cervical ectopy is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and HIV in the youngest women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve D Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eyrun F Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- School of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- School of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Prashini Moodley
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, Durban, South Africa
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Holmen SD, Kjetland EF, Taylor M, Kleppa E, Lillebø K, Gundersen SG, Onsrud M, Albregtsen F. Colourimetric image analysis as a diagnostic tool in female genital schistosomiasis. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:309-14. [PMID: 25630808 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a highly prevalent waterborne disease in some of the poorest areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Reliable and affordable diagnostics are unavailable. We explored colourimetric image analysis to identify the characteristic, yellow lesions caused by FGS. We found that the method may yield a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 73% in colposcopic images. The accuracy was also explored in images of simulated inferior quality, to assess the possibility of implementing such a method in simple, electronic devices. This represents the first step towards developing a safe and affordable aid in clinical diagnosis, allowing for a point-of-care approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigve Dhondup Holmen
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Myra Taylor
- School of Public Health, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Research Department, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway; Institute of Development Studies, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Mathias Onsrud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Fritz Albregtsen
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kjetland EF, Norseth HM, Taylor M, Lillebø K, Kleppa E, Holmen SD, Andebirhan A, Yohannes TH, Gundersen SG, Vennervald BJ, Bagratee J, Onsrud M, Leutscher PDC. Classification of the lesions observed in female genital schistosomiasis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 127:227-8. [PMID: 25179171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyrun F Kjetland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Hanne M Norseth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kristine Lillebø
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve D Holmen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asmeret Andebirhan
- Ayder Referral Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Svein G Gundersen
- Research Department, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway; Institute for Development Studies, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jayanthilall Bagratee
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mathias Onsrud
- Department of Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter D C Leutscher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital/Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kleppa E, Holmen SD, Lillebø K, Pillay P, Taylor M, Gundersen SG, Kjetland EF, Onsrud M. Re: Al-Baghdadi O, Samarasinghe A, Wissa I. 2014. Cervical schistosomiasis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 34:206. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:755-6. [PMID: 24911591 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.920801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases , Oslo , Norway
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Kleppa E, Ramsuran V, Zulu S, Karlsen GH, Bere A, Passmore JAS, Ndhlovu P, Lillebø K, Holmen SD, Onsrud M, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Kjetland EF, Ndung’u T. Effect of female genital schistosomiasis and anti-schistosomal treatment on monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and CCR5 expression in the female genital tract. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98593. [PMID: 24896815 PMCID: PMC4045760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosoma haematobium is a waterborne parasite that may cause female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), characterized by genital mucosal lesions. There is clinical and epidemiological evidence for a relationship between FGS and HIV. We investigated the impact of FGS on HIV target cell density and expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in blood and cervical cytobrush samples. Furthermore we evaluated the effect of anti-schistosomal treatment on these cell populations. Design The study followed a case-control design with post treatment follow-up, nested in an on-going field study on FGS. Methods Blood and cervical cytobrush samples were collected from FGS negative and positive women for flow cytometry analyses. Urine samples were investigated for schistosome ova by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results FGS was associated with a higher frequency of CD14+ cells (monocytes) in blood (11.5% in FGS+ vs. 2.2% in FGS-, p = 0.042). Frequencies of CD4+ cells expressing CCR5 were higher in blood samples from FGS+ than from FGS- women (4.7% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.018). The CD14+ cell population decreased significantly in both compartments after anti-schistosomal treatment (p = 0.043). Although the frequency of CD4+ cells did not change after treatment, frequencies of CCR5 expression by CD4+ cells decreased significantly in both compartments (from 3.4% to 0.5% in blood, p = 0.036; and from 42.4% to 5.6% in genital samples, p = 0.025). Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that FGS may increase the risk of HIV acquisition, not only through damage of the mucosal epithelial barrier, but also by affecting HIV target cell populations, and that anti-schistosomal treatment can modify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Siphosenkosi Zulu
- School of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Alfred Bere
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Division of Medical Virology, IDM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Kristine Lillebø
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve D. Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Centre for Development Studies, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- School of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eyrun F. Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Oslo, Norway
- School of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
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Kleppa E, Ramsuran V, Zulu S, Karlsen G, Ndhlovu P, Lillebø K, Holmen S, Onsrud M, Gundersen S, Taylor M, Kjetland E, Ndung’u T. Expression of the CCR5 HIV co-receptor in women with genital schistosomiasis. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Holmen S, Onsrud M, Vennervald B, Albregtsen F, Taylor M, Moodley J, van Lieshout L, Pillay P, Lillebø K, Kleppa E, Kjetland E. Diagnosing female genital schistosomiasis. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lillebø K. Guineaorm – siste steg mot utryddelse? Tidsskriftet 2013; 133:1185. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kleppa E, Norseth H, Lillebø K, Taylor M, Gundersen S, Onsrud M, Kjetland E. W410 COLPOSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF FEMALE GENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)62131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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