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Lamberti O, Bozzani F, Kiyoshi K, Bustinduy AL. Time to bring female genital schistosomiasis out of neglect. Br Med Bull 2024; 149:45-59. [PMID: 38220571 PMCID: PMC10938538 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a chronic gynaecological disease affecting girls and women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), caused by the parasite Schistosoma (S.) haematobium. FGS is associated with sexual dysfunction, reproductive tract morbidity and increased prevalence of HIV and cervical precancer lesions. SOURCE OF DATA Key peer-reviewed published literature. AREAS OF AGREEMENT FGS screening and diagnosis require costly equipment and specialized training, seldom available in resource-limited settings. FGS surveillance is not included in wider schistosomiasis control strategies. The interplay of FGS with other SRH infections is not fully understood. Integration of FGS within sexual and reproductive health (SRH) control programmes needs to be explored. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY There are no standardized methods for individual or population-based FGS screening and diagnosis, hindering accurate disease burden estimates and targeted resource allocation. Treatment recommendations rely on public health guidelines, without rigorous clinical evidence on efficacy. GROWING POINTS Integrating FGS screening with SRH programmes offers an opportunity to reach at-risk women with limited access to healthcare services. Home-based self-sampling coupled with handheld colposcopes operated by primary healthcare workers show promise for FGS diagnosis and surveillance at scale. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH There is growing interest in decentralizing strategies for FGS screening and diagnosis. The accurate predictions on the 'cost-effectiveness' of these approaches will determine their affordability and feasibility within the overburdened health systems in SSA. Clinical trials are needed to optimize FGS treatment. Longitudinal studies can expand on the epidemiological knowledge on co-morbidities and integration within other SRH interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Lamberti
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fiammetta Bozzani
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kita Kiyoshi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Amaya L Bustinduy
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Witzeman KA, Lieberman A, Beckman EJ, Ross KV, Coons HL. Integrated Care for Persons With Persistent Gynecologic Conditions. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 67:247-261. [PMID: 38281176 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Persons with persistent gynecologic conditions frequently cope with complex biopsychosocial challenges and benefit from integrated behavioral health evaluation and treatment within gynecologic practices. Integrated care refers to the provision of behavioral health services within a health care setting which contributes to improved patient, provider, and practice outcomes, however, has not been commonly provided in traditional gynecologic practices. Several models of integrated behavioral health are reviewed. Each model holds specific applications in primary and specialty gynecology settings and may enhance the gynecologic patient experience. This article reviews current research supporting integrated care and describes implementation, funding, and evaluation to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Witzeman
- Department of Women's Health and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rifle, Colorado
| | - Alison Lieberman
- Department of Integrated Behavioral Health, Denver Health Medical Center
| | - Elizabeth Joy Beckman
- Department of Integrated Behavioral Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Kaitlin V Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Colorado Center for Women's Behavioral Health and Wellness, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Helen L Coons
- Women's Mental Health Associates & Health Psychology Solutions, Denver, Colorado
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Kaur Jawanda I, Soni T, Kumari S, Prabha V. Deciphering the potential of proteomic-based biomarkers in women's reproductive diseases: empowering precision medicine in gynecology. Biomarkers 2024; 29:7-17. [PMID: 38252065 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2308827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gynecological disorders represent a complex set of malignancies that result from a diverse array of molecular changes affecting the lives of over a million women worldwide. Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical cancers, Endometriosis, PCOS are the most prevalent ones that pose a grave threat to women's health. Proteomics has emerged as an invaluable tool for developing novel biomarkers, screening methods, and targeted therapeutic agents for gynecological disorders. Some of these biomarkers have been approved by the FDA, but regrettably, they have a constrained diagnostic accuracy in early-stage diagnosis as all of these biomarkers lack sensitivity and specificity. Lately, high-throughput proteomics technologies have made significant strides, allowing for identification of potential biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity. However, limited successes have been shown with translation of these discoveries into clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and potential protein biomarkers for gynecological cancers, endometriosis and PCOS, discusses recent advances and challenges, and highlights future directions for the field. CONCLUSION We propose that proteomics holds great promise as a powerful tool to revolutionize the fight against female reproductive diseases and can ultimately improve personalized patient outcomes in women's biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomson Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Bornstein J. More Steps Forward for the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:1-2. [PMID: 37728387 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Lyerly AD. Routine Pelvic Examinations and the Ethics of Screening. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:4-5. [PMID: 38096552 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Drapkin Lyerly
- Anne Drapkin Lyerly is from the Departments of Social Medicine and of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
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Choi H, Kim SE, Lee NH, Lee DY, Choi D. Clinical Characteristics of Gynecologic Problems During Childhood in the Korean Population. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e279. [PMID: 37724492 PMCID: PMC10506899 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed common gynecologic problems among Korean patients younger than ten years. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients younger than ten years who visited the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinic at Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2020. RESULTS Among the 6,605 patients who visited the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, data from 642 patients younger than ten years were analyzed in this study. The most common chief complaint was genital anomalies, followed by increased vaginal discharge and abnormal findings on clinical examinations. The most common disease entity was agglutination of the labia minora, which was commonly discovered incidentally during routine screenings. Vulvovaginitis, the second most common disease, was identified by symptoms of vaginal discharge, pruritus, and vaginal spotting. Neoplasm, issues with vaginal bleeding, and "other causes" were additional categories of gynecologic problems. 245 patients (38.2%) were referred from primary care sources, 175 patients (27.4%) sought care directly at the clinic, 169 patients (26.3%) were referrals from the institution's pediatric department, and the remainder were referrals from other departments. CONCLUSION This study provides information about the gynecologic problems most frequently encountered in pediatric patients. The study provides helpful insight for primary care physicians into the proper management and timing of referrals for these gynecologic problems of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nae Hyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DooSeok Choi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shukla JD, Kleppa E, Holmen S, Ndhlovu PD, Mtshali A, Sebitloane M, Vennervald BJ, Gundersen SG, Taylor M, Kjetland EF. The Association Between Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Other Infections of the Lower Genital Tract in Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Africa. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:291-296. [PMID: 37379442 PMCID: PMC10309100 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the relationship between female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and yeast among young women living in Schistosoma haematobium-endemic areas. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of young women, sexually active, aged 16 to 22 years in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in 32 randomly selected rural schools in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, the authors performed gynecological and laboratory investigations, diagnosed FGS and other infections, and did face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Female genital schistosomiasis was the second most prevalent current genital infection (23%), significantly more common in those who had urinary schistosomiasis (35%), compared with those without (19%, p < .001). In the FGS-positive group, 35% had human papillomavirus compared with 24% in the FGS-negative group (p = .010). In the FGS-positive group, 37% were seropositive for herpes simplex virus infection, compared with 30% in the FGS-negative group (p = .079). There were significantly fewer chlamydia infections among women with FGS (20%, p = .018) compared with those who did not have FGS (28%). CONCLUSIONS Female genital schistosomiasis was the second most common genital infection after herpes simplex virus. Human papillomavirus infection was significantly associated with FGS, but Chlamydia was negatively associated with FGS. Women with FGS may have had more frequent contact with the health system for genital discharge. The results show the importance of the inclusion of FGS in the national management protocols for genital infections in areas endemic for S. haematobium and highlight a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and genital disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilna Dilip Shukla
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Holmen
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andile Mtshali
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Motshedisi Sebitloane
- Discipline of Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Birgitte Jyding Vennervald
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svein Gunnar Gundersen
- Department for Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Myra Taylor
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Deffieux X, Rousset-Jablonski C, Gantois A, Brillac T, Maruani J, Maitrot-Mantelet L, Mignot S, Gaucher L, Athiel Y, Baffet H, Bailleul A, Bernard V, Bourdon M, Cardaillac C, Carneiro Y, Chariot P, Corroenne R, Dabi Y, Dahlem L, Frank S, Freyens A, Grouthier V, Hernandez I, Iraola E, Lambert M, Lauchet N, Legendre G, Le Lous M, Louis-Vahdat C, Martinat Sainte-Beuve A, Masson M, Matteo C, Pinton A, Sabbagh E, Sallee C, Thubert T, Heron I, Pizzoferrato AC, Artzner F, Tavenet A, Le Ray C, Fauconnier A. [Pelvic exam in gynecology and obstetrics: Guidelines for clinical practice]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2023; 51:297-330. [PMID: 37258002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidelines for the pelvic clinical exam in gynecology and obstetrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multidisciplinary experts consensus committee of 45 experts was formed, including representatives of patients' associations and users of the health system. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any funding. The authors were advised to follow the rules of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. METHODS The committee studied 40 questions within 4 fields for symptomatic or asymptomatic women (emergency conditions, gynecological consultation, gynecological diseases, obstetrics, and pregnancy). Each question was formulated in a PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format and the evidence profiles were produced. The literature review and recommendations were made according to the GRADE® methodology. RESULTS The experts' synthesis work and the application of the GRADE method resulted in 27 recommendations. Among the formalized recommendations, 17 present a strong agreement, 7 a weak agreement and 3 an expert consensus agreement. Thirteen questions resulted in an absence of recommendation due to lack of evidence in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The need to perform clinical examination in gynecological and obstetrics patients was specified in 27 pre-defined situations based on scientific evidence. More research is required to investigate the benefit in other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Deffieux
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, 92140 Clamart, France.
| | - Christine Rousset-Jablonski
- Département de chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1290, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Adrien Gantois
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France hébergé au Réseau de santé périnatal parisien (RSPP), 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Julia Maruani
- Cabinet médical, 6, rue Docteur-Albert-Schweitzer, 13006 Marseille, France
| | - Lorraine Maitrot-Mantelet
- Unité de gynécologie médicale, hôpital Port-Royal, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Paris centre (HUPC), 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Gaucher
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France, CNSF, 75010 Paris, France; Public Health Unit, hospices civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France; Inserm U1290, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1206 Genève, Suisse
| | - Yoann Athiel
- Maternité Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Paris Centre, AP-HP, université Paris cité, FHU Prema, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hortense Baffet
- Service de gynécologie médicale, orthogénie et sexologie, CHU de Lille, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Bailleul
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France; Équipe RISCQ « Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale », université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Bernard
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, gynécologie médicale et médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm 1312, université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdon
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique II et médecine de la reproduction, université Paris cité, AP-HP, centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Cochin Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Cardaillac
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Chariot
- Département de médecine légale et sociale, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93140 Bondy, France; Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux, UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Romain Corroenne
- Service de gynécologue-obstétrique, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université-AP-HP-hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dahlem
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, faculté de médecine, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Frank
- Service d'oncogénétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Freyens
- Département universitaire de médecine générale (DUMG), université Paul-Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Grouthier
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition et d'endocrinologie des gonades, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire régional de Bordeaux, 31000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Hernandez
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France hébergé au Réseau de santé périnatal parisien (RSPP), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Iraola
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, CNRS U997 Inserm EHESS UP13 UFR SMBH, université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France; Direction de la protection maternelle et infantile et promotion de la santé, conseil départemental du Val-de-Marne, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Marie Lambert
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, gynécologie médicale et médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadege Lauchet
- Groupe médical François-Perrin, 9, rue François-Perrin, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- Service de gynécologue-obstétrique, CHU Angers, 49000 Angers, France; UMR_S1085, université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Angers, France
| | - Maela Le Lous
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France; Département de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Louis-Vahdat
- Cabinet de gynécologie et obstétrique, 126, boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Masson
- Département de médecine générale, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Caroline Matteo
- Ecole de maïeutique, Aix Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Pinton
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Dr-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sabbagh
- Unité de gynécologie médicale, hôpital Port-Royal, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Paris centre (HUPC), 75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Sallee
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Thibault Thubert
- Service de gynecologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; EA 4334, laboratoire mouvement, interactions, performance (MIP), Nantes université, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Heron
- Service d'endocrinologie, université de Rouen, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 76000 Rouen, France; Cabinet médical, Clinique Mathilde, 76100 Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Pizzoferrato
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital universitaire de La Miletrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Inserm CIC 1402, université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - France Artzner
- Ciane, Collectif interassociatif autour de la naissance, c/o Anne Evrard, 101, rue Pierre-Corneille, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Arounie Tavenet
- Endofrance, Association de lutte contre l'endométriose, 3, rue de la Gare, 70190 Tresilley, France
| | - Camille Le Ray
- Maternité Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Paris Centre, AP-HP, université Paris cité, FHU Prema, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fauconnier
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France
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Balestri R, Rech G, Girardelli CR, Magnano M. More than a genital psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15971. [PMID: 36346033 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Balestri
- Division of Dermatology, Psoriasis Outpatient Service, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Rech
- Division of Dermatology, Psoriasis Outpatient Service, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Michela Magnano
- Division of Dermatology, Psoriasis Outpatient Service, Trento, Italy
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Roure S, Pérez-Quílez O, Vallès X, Valerio L, López-Muñoz I, Soldevila L, Torrella A, Fernández-Rivas G, Chamorro A, Clotet B. Schistosomiasis Among Female Migrants in Non-endemic Countries: Neglected Among the Neglected? A Pilot Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:778110. [PMID: 35372213 PMCID: PMC8965459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.778110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis among migrant populations in Europe is an underdiagnosed infection, yet delayed treatment may have serious long-term consequences. In this study we aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations of Schistosoma infection among migrant women, and the degree of underdiagnosis. Methods We carried out a prospective cross-sectional study among a migrant population living in the North Metropolitan Barcelona area and coming from schistosomiasis-endemic countries. We obtained clinical, laboratory and socio-demographic data from electronic clinical records, as well as information about years of residence and previous attendance at health services. Blood sample was obtained and schistosomiasis exposure was assessed using a specific ELISA serological test. Results Four hundred and five patients from schistosomiasis-endemic regions were screened, of whom 51 (12.6%) were female. Seropositivity prevalence was 54.8%, but considering women alone we found a prevalence of 58.8% (30 out of 51). The median age of the 51 women was 41.0 years [IQR (35–48)] and the median period of residence in the European Union was 13 years [IQR (10–16)]. Schistosoma-positive women (N = 30) showed a higher prevalence of gynecological signs and symptoms compared to the seronegative women (96.4 vs. 66.6%, p = 0.005). Among seropositive women, the median number of visits to Sexual and Reproductive Health unit prior to diagnosis of schistosomiasis was 41 [IQR (18–65)]. Conclusion The high prevalence of signs and symptoms among seropositive women and number of previous visits suggest a high rate of underdiagnosis and/or delayed diagnosis of Schistosoma infection, particularly female genital schistosomiasis, among migrant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Roure
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sílvia Roure
| | - Olga Pérez-Quílez
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
| | - Xavier Vallès
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Institut per la Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lluís Valerio
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
| | - Israel López-Muñoz
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Soldevila
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Torrella
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit Programa de Salud Internacional del Institut Català de la Salut (PROSICS), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Microbiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Chamorro
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida i les Malaties Infeccioses, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida i les Malaties Infeccioses, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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11
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Saari V, Laakso S, Tiitinen A, Mäkitie O, Holopainen E. Endocrine Disorders and Genital Infections Impair Gynecological Health in APECED (APS-1). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:784195. [PMID: 34917035 PMCID: PMC8669951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.784195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) defects in the autoimmune regulator gene lead to impaired immunotolerance. We explored the effects of immunodeficiency and endocrinopathies on gynecologic health in patients with APECED. Design Cross-sectional cohort study combined with longitudinal follow-up data. Methods We carried out a gynecologic evaluation, pelvic ultrasound, and laboratory and microbiologic assessment in 19 women with APECED. Retrospective data were collected from previous study visits and hospital records. Results The study subjects' median age was 42.6 years (range, 16.7-65.5). Sixteen patients (84%) had premature ovarian insufficiency, diagnosed at the median age of 16.5 years; 75% of them used currently either combined contraception or hormonal replacement therapy. In 76% of women, the morphology and size of the uterus were determined normal for age, menopausal status, and current hormonal therapy. Fifteen patients (79%) had primary adrenal insufficiency; three of them used dehydroepiandrosterone substitution. All androgen concentrations were under the detection limit in 11 patients (58%). Genital infections were detected in nine patients (47%); most of them were asymptomatic. Gynecologic C. albicans infection was detected in four patients (21%); one of the strains was resistant to azoles. Five patients (26%) had human papillomavirus infection, three of which were high-risk subtypes. Cervical cell atypia was detected in one patient. No correlation between genital infections and anti-cytokine autoantibodies was found. Conclusions Ovarian and adrenal insufficiencies manifested with very low androgen levels in over half of the patients. Asymptomatic genital infections, but not cervical cell atypia, were common in female patients with APECED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Saari
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Tiitinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Holopainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Gomez D, Simpson AN, Sue-Chue-Lam C, de Mestral C, Dossa F, Nantais J, Wilton AS, Urbach D, Austin PC, Baxter NN. A population-based analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on common abdominal and gynecological emergency department visits. CMAJ 2021; 193:E753-E760. [PMID: 34035055 PMCID: PMC8177921 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced use of the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic may result in increased disease acuity when patients do seek health care services. We sought to evaluate emergency department visits for common abdominal and gynecologic conditions before and at the beginning of the pandemic to determine whether changes in emergency department attendance had serious consequences for patients. METHODS We conducted a population-based analysis using administrative data to evaluate the weekly rate of emergency department visits pre-COVID-19 (Jan. 1-Mar. 10, 2020) and during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (Mar. 11-June 30, 2020), compared with a historical control period (Jan. 1-July 1, 2019). All residents of Ontario, Canada, presenting to the emergency department with appendicitis, cholecystitis, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage were included. We evaluated weekly incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of emergency department visits, management strategies and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Across all study periods, 39 691 emergency department visits met inclusion criteria (40.2 % appendicitis, 32.1% miscarriage, 21.3% cholecystitis, 6.4% ectopic pregnancy). Baseline characteristics of patients presenting to the emergency department did not vary across study periods. After an initial reduction in emergency department visits, presentations for cholecystitis and ectopic pregnancy quickly returned to expected levels. However, presentations for appendicitis and miscarriage showed sustained reductions (IRR 0.61-0.80), with 1087 and 984 fewer visits, respectively, after the start of the pandemic, relative to 2019. Management strategies, complications and mortality rates were similar across study periods for all conditions. INTERPRETATION Although our study showed evidence of emergency department avoidance in Ontario during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, no adverse consequences were evident. Emergency care and outcomes for patients were similar before and during the pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Spontaneous/diagnosis
- Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/therapy
- Adult
- Aged
- Appendicitis/diagnosis
- Appendicitis/epidemiology
- Appendicitis/therapy
- COVID-19/epidemiology
- COVID-19/psychology
- Cholecystitis/diagnosis
- Cholecystitis/epidemiology
- Cholecystitis/therapy
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Emergency Service, Hospital/trends
- Facilities and Services Utilization/trends
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology
- Genital Diseases, Female/therapy
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Ontario/epidemiology
- Pandemics
- Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/epidemiology
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea N Simpson
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin Sue-Chue-Lam
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles de Mestral
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fahima Dossa
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordan Nantais
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew S Wilton
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Urbach
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter C Austin
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nancy N Baxter
- Division of General Surgery (Gomez, Nantais), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; ICES Central (Gomez, Simpson, de Mestral, Wilton, Urbach, Austin, Baxter); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Simpson), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Surgery (Sue-Chue-Lam, de Mestral, Dossa, Urbach), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Baxter), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Esfandyari S, Elkafas H, Chugh RM, Park HS, Navarro A, Al-Hendy A. Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042165. [PMID: 33671587 PMCID: PMC7926632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742
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14
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Cook J, Rao VV, Bell F, Durkin M, Cone J, Lane-Cordova A, Castleberry L. Simulation-based clinical learning for the third year medical student: Effectiveness of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound for elucidation of OB/GYN scenarios. J Clin Ultrasound 2020; 48:457-461. [PMID: 32691423 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining recognition as a teaching modality that acts as an integrative learning tool during medical student transition to clinical rotations. This study aimed to determine if the use of ultrasound simulation enhances understanding of Obstetrical and Gynecological (Ob/Gyn) anatomy and pathology in third-year medical students (M3), and if M3 students found the simulator useful. METHODS M3 students taking the OB/Gyn clerkship were invited to participate. Baseline knowledge of pelvic ultrasound anatomy and pathology was assessed with a multiple-choice question test. Participants received a one-hour OB/Gyn ultrasound simulation training session. A post-test assessed knowledge after the intervention. Survey data was collected regarding learning styles and learner satisfaction. RESULTS Following simulator-based training, the median correct number of responses to the knowledge questions increased from 11 of 18 to 14 of 18 correct (P < .001). Statistically significant increases were also observed in comfort level with OB/GYN ultrasound (P < .001). All 68 students answered that the ultrasound simulator was helpful and enjoyed using the simulator. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ultrasound simulators are useful for improvement in knowledge, comfort level, and ability to identify pathology in Ob/Gyn scenarios in M3 students.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Victor V Rao
- Point-of-care Ultrasound Certification Academy, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Floyd Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Durkin
- Department of Research Compliance, Prisma Health Midlands, Research Compliance, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan Cone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Abbi Lane-Cordova
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Castleberry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Dias TD, Palihawadana TS, Patabendige M, Motha MB, de Silva HJ. Ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs and their age-related changes in a cohort of asymptomatic postmenopausal women: A community-based study. Post Reprod Health 2020; 26:147-154. [PMID: 32308115 DOI: 10.1177/2053369120915145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs and their age-related changes in a cohort of asymptomatic postmenopausal women and to describe the prevalence of ultrasound-detected pathologies in a Sri Lankan population. STUDY DESIGN A large community-based longitudinal study using a randomly selected sample of postmenopausal women who have never used hormone replacement therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Uterine, endometrial and ovarian measurements at pelvic ultrasonography as described by the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis groups. RESULTS A total of 815 postmenopausal women were approached and all volunteered to participate. This included women between the ages of 45 and 74 years with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 62.0 (10.0) years. The median (IQR) uterine volume was 18.1 (17) ml, while the median (IQR) of right and left ovarian volumes were 17.3 (22.9) ml and 18.2 (21.5) ml. Both uterine and ovarian volumes showed an age-related decline (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the ovarian volumes demonstrated an increase in size with a higher body mass index (p < 0.03 for left and p < 0.01 for right, respectively). Median (IQR) endometrial thickness among the population was 3.0 (1.0) mm and there was no age-related change observed. Sixty-one women had an ultrasound-detected gynaecological pathology with a prevalence of 7.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6-9.5). CONCLUSIONS This study aimed at describing ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs among postmenopausal women of Sri Lanka was able to provide the reference values for uterine and ovarian volume among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Both uterine and ovarian volumes demonstrated an age-related decline, whereas the endometrial thickness does not seem to relate to the age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiran D Dias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilina S Palihawadana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Malitha Patabendige
- University Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Mary Bc Motha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Ali-Panzarella AZ. A Diagnostic Approach to Conditions that Mimic Sexual Abuse. Pediatr Ann 2020; 49:e334-e340. [PMID: 32785717 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200717-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary care providers are often the first point of contact when there are concerns of child sexual abuse. The history is the key factor in making the diagnosis as most children who have experienced child sexual abuse do not have an abnormal anogenital examination. When anogenital symptoms precipitate concerns for sexual abuse, especially in the absence of a history of sexual abuse, it is important to be aware of conditions that mimic sexual abuse. Being familiar with such conditions allows the provider to determine appropriate management, differentiate an anatomical variant or medical condition from abuse, and provide reassurance to the patient and family. Unnecessarily reporting these cases can have detrimental effects on the patient and family. If any doubt arises, patients can be referred for further evaluation by an expert in child abuse. This article presents many common medical conditions that can mimic sexual abuse, with a focus on history, examination findings, and management. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(8):e334-e340.].
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Kuraitis D, Stumpf B, Murina A. Discrepancies by dermatology resident gender in diagnostic confidence and management of female and male genital lichen sclerosus. Dermatol Online J 2020; 26:13030/qt09r2d0n3. [PMID: 32898408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physician gender may impact their exposure to genital dermatoses during residency. The purpose of this study was to survey current dermatology residents regarding their comfort in diagnosing and managing lichen sclerosus. As residents progress through training, confidence improves in diagnosing and managing both male and female lichen sclerosus. However, residents overall feel less comfortable with male genital lichen sclerosus, with female residents displaying the greatest confidence discrepancy. This study highlights gender discrepancies with dermatology resident confidence and practice habits and may serve to further guide curricula to address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Kuraitis
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
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Klasa Ł, Sadowska-Klasa A, Piekarska A, Wydra D, Zaucha JM. The management of gynecological complications in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation-a single-center real-life experience. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1361-1368. [PMID: 32342133 PMCID: PMC7237515 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
In everyday gynecological practice, there is an unmet need to manage survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The major gynecological complications include premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) of the anogenital zone (cGVHDgyn), and secondary neoplasms. Aiming to assess a real-life scale of problems associated with HCT, we performed a detailed analysis of a consecutive series of females after allo-HCT who were referred for a routine gynecological evaluation. The study includes 38 females after allo-HCT in whom gynecological examination with cervical smear and USG were performed, followed by colposcopy according to NCCN guidelines. NIH scoring system was used to classify a grade of cGVHDgyn. The incidence of cGVHD was 71% whereas GVHDgyn was 29%, including 5 patients with score 3 at the time of diagnosis. The other manifestations (frequently noted) included the skin, mucosa, eyes, and liver. Menopause was diagnosed in 93% females, and in 81% of them, POI criteria were fulfilled. Ovarian function resumed in 2 cases. The rate of abnormal cytology was 26%: 4 ASCUS, 1 AGUS, 1 LSIL, 3 HSIL/ASC-H, and one cytological suspicion of cervical cancer. GVHDgyn was documented in 10 patients, and 6 of them had abnormal cervical cytology. Early topical estrogen therapy led to a significant reduction in vaginal dryness (p < 0.05), dyspareunia (p < 0.05), and less frequent cGVHDgyn (p < 0.05). GVHDgyn develops in about 30% of long-term allo-HCT survivors. Topical estrogens and hormonal replacement therapy alleviate symptoms and prevent the occurrence of severe consequences of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Klasa
- Department of Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Sadowska-Klasa
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piekarska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wydra
- Department of Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Maciej Zaucha
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Schielein MC, Tizek L, Schuster B, Ziehfreund S, Biedermann T, Zink A. Genital Psoriasis and Associated Factors of Sexual Avoidance - A People-centered Cross-sectional Study in Germany. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00151. [PMID: 32378723 PMCID: PMC9137370 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with genital psoriasis show poorer outcomes regarding quality of life and sexual distress than those without. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of genital psoriasis and to determine factors associated with the avoidance of sexual activities due to psoriasis in a non-clinical setting. A cross-sectional, person-centered, and online-based nationwide survey was conducted in Germany between March and June 2019. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Furthermore, free-text answers were provided. Overall, 344 individuals with psoriasis participated. Of these, 198 (57.6%) reported having genital psoriasis and 261 (75.9%) currently received medical care. Duration of psoriasis, subjective overall severity, and pain during sex were associated with the avoidance of sexual activities. Most prevalent reasons to avoid sexual activities were ‘shame,’ ‘pain,’ and ‘fear of rejection.’ Sexual distress was high in this sample and a person-centered care approach needs to be further promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Christian Schielein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, DE-80802 Munich, Germany
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Vejlgaard AS, Rasmussen S, Jarbøl DE, Balasubramaniam K. Is healthcare-seeking with gynaecological alarm symptoms influenced by personal and professional relations? A Danish population-based, cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033471. [PMID: 32404386 PMCID: PMC7228492 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the personal and professional relations of women experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms, to analyse if involving a personal relation is related to healthcare-seeking with gynaecological alarm symptoms, and to analyse if having an available social network is associated with involvement of this relation. DESIGN Web-based, population-based, cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING The general population in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS The study invited 100 000 individuals randomly drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System. Pregnant women and women who did not answer relevant questions about social network were excluded. A total of 5053 women who experienced at least one gynaecological alarm symptom were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: (1) Personal and professional relations that women experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms involve; (2) the association between involving a personal relation and healthcare-seeking; and (3) the association between having an available social network and involvement of this relation. RESULTS The general practitioner (GP) was the most involved professional relation, while the spouse/partner was the most involved personal relation. When experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms, more than 50% of women did not involve a professional relation and 20% did not involve a personal relation. For all four gynaecological alarm symptoms, the odds of involving the GP were higher in the oldest age group. Women were two to seven times more likely to involve their GP if they had personal relation involvement. No statistically significant association was found between having an available social network and involving the GP. CONCLUSION Involving a personal relation in healthcare-seeking was associated with increased involvement of the GP, who consequently was the most involved professional relation when experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms. Spouse/partner was the most involved personal relation. The oldest age group had the highest odds of involving the GP. No association was found between having an available social network and involving the GP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Rasmussen
- Research Unit for General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
- Research Unit for General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Poon LC, Abramowicz JS, Dall'Asta A, Sande R, Ter Haar G, Maršal K, Brezinka C, Miloro P, Basseal J, Westerway SC, Abu-Rustum RS, Lees C. ISUOG Safety Committee Position Statement on safe performance of obstetric and gynecological scans and equipment cleaning in context of COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 55:709-712. [PMID: 32207189 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J S Abramowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Dall'Asta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R Sande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - G Ter Haar
- Therapy Ultrasound, Division of Radiotherapy & Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
| | - K Maršal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Emeritus), Lund University, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Brezinka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Miloro
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - J Basseal
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney; and Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM), NSW, Australia
| | - S C Westerway
- School of Dentistry & Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University; and Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R S Abu-Rustum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Lees
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Talib HJ. Essential Topics in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Pediatr Ann 2020; 49:e161-e162. [PMID: 32275759 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200321-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Okohue JE. Overview of Hysteroscopy. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:178-182. [PMID: 32150637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hysteroscopy involves the visualization of the endometrial cavity with the aid of a hysteroscope (Telescope) inserted through the cervix. Hysteroscopy can be performed in an office setting and minor pathologies managed. A distension medium is necessary for proper visualization. These media include gaseous media such as carbon dioxide, used for diagnostic hysteroscopy, and liquid based media such as normal saline and 1.5% glycine, used for both diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy. Complications following hysteroscopy are few. A hysteroscope should become part of the armamentarium of every gynaecologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Okohue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Roett MA. Genital Ulcers: Differential Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician 2020; 101:355-361. [PMID: 32163252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genital ulcers may be located on the vagina, penis, and anorectal or perineal areas and may be infectious or noninfectious. Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of genital ulcers in the United States. A diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection is made through physical examination and observation of genital lesions. The 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease guidelines provide strategies for the management of patients with genital ulcer disease. Specific testing includes a polymerase chain reaction test for herpes simplex virus; syphilis serology and darkfield microscopy or a direct fluorescent antibody test for Treponema pallidum; and/or culture for Haemophilus ducreyi in settings where chancroid is highly prevalent. Rarely, cases of Epstein-Barr virus may present with genital ulcers. Syphilis and chancroid cause genital ulcers and are mandatory reportable diseases to the local health department. In some cases, no pathogen is identified. It is important to consider noninfectious etiologies such as sexual trauma, psoriasis, Behçet syndrome, and fixed drug eruptions. Genital ulcers are symptomatic by definition, and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for syphilis infection for those at risk, early screening for syphilis infection in all pregnant women, and against routine serologic screening for genital herpes simplex virus infection in asymptomatic adolescents and adults, including those who are pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Roett
- Georgetown University Medical Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Davis AL, Pecaric M, Pusic MV, Smith T, Shouldice M, Brown J, Wynter SA, Legano L, Kondrich J, Boutis K. Deliberate practice as an educational method for learning to interpret the prepubescent female genital examination. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 101:104379. [PMID: 31958694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct interpretation of the prepubescent female genital examination is a critical skill; however, physician skill in this area is limited. OBJECTIVE To complement the bedside learning of this examination, we developed a learning platform for the visual diagnosis of the prepubescent female genital examination and examined the amount and rate of skill acquisition. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Medical students, residents, and fellows and attendings participated in an on-line learning platform. METHODS This was a multicenter prospective cross-sectional study. Study participants deliberately practiced 158 prepubescent female genital examination cases hosted on a computer-based learning and assessment platform. Participants assigned the case normal or abnormal; if abnormal, they identified the location of the abnormality and the specific diagnosis. Participants received feedback after every case. RESULTS We enrolled 107 participants (26 students, 31 residents, 24 fellows and 26 attendings). Accuracy (95 % CI) increased by 10.3 % (7.8, 12.8), Cohen's d-effect size of 1.17 (1.14, 1.19). The change in specificity was +16.8 (14.1, 19.5) and sensitivity +2.4 (-0.9, 5.6). It took a mean (SD) 46.3 (32.2) minutes to complete cases. There was no difference between learner types with respect to initial (p = 0.2) or final accuracy (p = 0.4) scores. CONCLUSIONS This study's learning intervention led to effective and feasible skill improvement. However, while participants improved significantly with normal cases, which has relevance in reducing unnecessary referrals to child protection teams, learning gains were not as evident in abnormal cases. All levels of learners demonstrated a similar performance, emphasizing the need for this education even among experienced clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Davis
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - M Pecaric
- Contrail Consulting Services Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - M V Pusic
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Learning Analytics at the NYU School of Medicine, NY, United States.
| | - T Smith
- The Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Program, Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - M Shouldice
- The Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Program, Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - J Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Irving Medical Center-Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, United States.
| | - S A Wynter
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, United States.
| | - L Legano
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Protection Team, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - J Kondrich
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - K Boutis
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines trends in the diagnosis of anogenital warts over the course of 5 years in Connecticut, a state that achieved moderate uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Yakely
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Linda M. Niccolai
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carlos R. Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Makmur EL, Myers SH, Hanns L, Haskard DO, Brogan P, Ambrose N. Comparing the clinical profile of adults and children with Behçet's syndrome in the UK. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019; 37 Suppl 121:48-51. [PMID: 31172922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a rare multi-system inflammatory disorder. Clinical phenotypic variance across geographical regions is recognised but UK BS patients' variance by age groups and gender has not been studied. This study compares the clinical features of adult and juvenile onset Behçet's Syndrome (JBS) in a UK population. METHODS Two clinical databases of BS patients were compared. The JBS database was collected at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London (n=46). The adult database was collected at the Hammersmith Hospital, London (n=560). RESULTS Oro-genital aphthosis had high prevalence in both the JBS and the adult cohort (oral: 97.8% vs. 96.6%, genital: 73.9% vs. 75.7%). The JBS cohort was more likely to have gastrointestinal involvement (21.7% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and arthritis (21.7% vs. 9.6%, p=0.021) compared to adults. The JBS cohort was less likely to have eye involvement (4.3% vs. 37%, p<0.001), skin (21.7% vs. 55.4%, p<0.001) and vascular involvement (6.5% vs. 17.5% p=0.063). JBS females had a higher rate of genital aphthosis than JBS males (87.5% vs. 59.1%, p=0.044). Adult females had higher rates of genital (85.2% vs. 64.5%, p<0.001) and oral (99.0% vs. 93.8%, p=0.001) aphthosis than adult males. Adult males were more likely to have ophthalmological (44.9% vs. 30.3%, p<0.001) and vascular (23.0% vs. 12.8%, p=0.002) manifestations than adult females. CONCLUSIONS UK JBS patients displayed less ocular and skin manifestations compared to the adult BS patients. This information will aid clinicians in diagnosing BS in UK adult and paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Makmur
- UCLH Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sam H Myers
- UCLH Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Laura Hanns
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Dorian O Haskard
- Vascular Sciences Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Brogan
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicola Ambrose
- UCLH Dept.Rheumatology, Univ.College London Hosp.; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, Univ.College London, Rayne Inst.; Vascular Sciences Section, National Heart & Lung Inst., Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hosp., London, UK
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Ooi R, Griffiths A, Wilson D. A pilot study to evaluate the practice of transvaginal gynecological sonography in a general gynecology clinic. J Clin Ultrasound 2019; 47:466-469. [PMID: 31297823 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice in gynecology. The quality and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound depends on the skills of the individual performing the scan. Evaluation of ultrasound practice has received limited attention. METHODS A video recording device was connected to an ultrasound machine in gynecology clinics in a teaching hospital. To minimize the observer effect, all staff were notified through email in advance. Data were collected over a 3-week period. Anonymous recordings of both patients and user were compared with current guidelines, and practice was categorized as: compliant, partially compliant, or non-compliant. RESULTS Observations (n = 43) were categorized and the results described as percentage frequencies (%). Image optimization was compliant in 23.3% of recorded observations, 11.6% was partially compliant, and 65.1% was noncompliant. The study also found that global examination on gynecology was 20.9% compliant, 18.6% partially compliant, and 60.47% noncompliant. Images were annotated in appropriately 41.9% of instances, and 25.6% of end-users examined bladder, vagina, and cervix when indicated. CONCLUSION The pilot evaluation showed that ultrasound practice among end-users did not reflect current guidelines, suggesting a need for improvement. Accuracy and performance of ultrasound examination remains highly operator-dependent although video evaluation can be an effective tool for assessing such skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucira Ooi
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David Wilson
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Abstract
Psoriasis involving the genital skin occurs in up to two-thirds of psoriasis patients but is often overlooked by physicians. Furthermore, psoriasis objective and subjective severity indexes for common plaque psoriasis often neglect the impact this small area of psoriasis can have on a patient. It can have a significant impact on patients' psychosocial function due to intrusive physical symptoms such as genital itch and pain, and a detrimental impact on sexual health and impaired relationships. The mainstay of treatment is topical therapy. In patients with genital psoriasis refractory to traditional topical treatment, biologic treatments may greatly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Kelly
- Dermatology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona Ryan
- Dermatology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
RATIONALE Uterus-like masses (ULMs) are rare benign lesions that resemble the uterus. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we describe the case of a woman with a ULM in the right broad ligament. A 51-year-old woman with a 2-month history of irregular vaginal bleeding was found to have a mass in the right broad ligament. Imaging studies revealed a solid-cystic lesion, suggestive of an endometrial cyst with malignant transformation. INTERVENTIONS She underwent prompt surgery for the removal of the mass. Intraoperatively, the uterus and ovaries appeared normal, and an 8-cm-long mass was observed in the right broad ligament without any connection to the uterus or ovaries. The mass was successfully excised. DIAGNOSES Postoperative histopathological examination showed that the cystic mass was filled with a blackish-brownish fluid and that it had thick walls resembling the uterine myometrium. The cyst center was lined by endometrial glands that were positive for cytokeratin as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors, and by stromal cells that were positive for CD10. OUTCOMES The patient recovered well and has had no further symptoms during 2 years of follow-up. LESSONS We have reported a case of ULM in the right broad ligament in a Chinese woman. Although ULMs are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pelvic masses.
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Guilarde AO, Andrade ACA, De Sousa MA, De Oliveira AM, Sugita DM. Placental and pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with fungemia in patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Infez Med 2019; 27:187-189. [PMID: 31205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis with a chronic or subacute progression caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or basidiospores. The causative agents are C. gattii and C. neoformans. The latter is more commonly associated with cellular immunodeficiency and is not rare in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Cryptococcosis is common in pregnant women with AIDS; however, it is uncommon for the placenta to be affected, with few reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a pregnant woman with AIDS who had placental and pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with fungemia, with a satisfactory clinical outcome obtained after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana O Guilarde
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Marta A De Sousa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria De Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denis M Sugita
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
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O'Mahony C, Gomberg M, Skerlev M, Alraddadi A, de las Heras‐Alonso M, Majewski S, Nicolaidou E, Serdaroğlu S, Kutlubay Z, Tawara M, Stary A, Al Hammadi A, Cusini M. Position statement for the diagnosis and management of anogenital warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1006-1019. [PMID: 30968980 PMCID: PMC6593709 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital warts (AGW) can cause economic burden on healthcare systems and are associated with emotional, psychological and physical issues. OBJECTIVE To provide guidance to physicians on the diagnosis and management of AGW. METHODS Fourteen global experts on AGW developed guidance on the diagnosis and management of AGW in an effort to unify international recommendations. Guidance was developed based on published international and national AGW guidelines and an evaluation of relevant literature published up to August 2016. Authors provided expert opinion based on their clinical experiences. RESULTS A checklist for a patient's initial consultation is provided to help physicians when diagnosing AGW to get the relevant information from the patient in order to manage and treat the AGW effectively. A number of frequently asked questions are also provided to aid physicians when communicating with patients about AGW. Treatment of AGW should be individualized and selected based on the number, size, morphology, location, and keratinization of warts, and whether they are new or recurrent. Different techniques can be used to treat AGW including ablation, immunotherapy and other topical therapies. Combinations of these techniques are thought to be more effective at reducing AGW recurrence than monotherapy. A simplified algorithm was created suggesting patients with 1-5 warts should be treated with ablation followed by immunotherapy. Patients with >5 warts should use immunotherapy for 2 months followed by ablation and a second 2-month course of immunotherapy. Guidance for daily practice situations and the subsequent action that can be taken, as well as an algorithm for treatment of large warts, were also created. CONCLUSION The guidance provided will help physicians with the diagnosis and management of AGW in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients with AGW.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. O'Mahony
- School of MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - M. Gomberg
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Centre of Dermatovenereology and CosmetologyMoscowRussia
| | - M. Skerlev
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyZagreb University School of Medicine and Zagreb University HospitalZagrebCroatia
| | - A. Alraddadi
- Dermatology SectionKing Khalid National Guard HospitalJeddah CitySaudi Arabia
| | | | - S. Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - E. Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and VenereologyNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens“A. Sygros” Hospital for Skin and Venereal DiseasesAthensGreece
| | - S. Serdaroğlu
- Department of DermatologyCerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbul University‐CerrahpasaIstanbulTurkey
| | - Z. Kutlubay
- Department of DermatologyCerrahpasa Medical FacultyIstanbul University‐CerrahpasaIstanbulTurkey
| | - M. Tawara
- Ishtar Centre for Dermatology, Aesthetics and Laser SurgeryAmmanJordan
| | - A. Stary
- Outpatients Centre for the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Fungal DiseasesViennaAustria
| | - A. Al Hammadi
- Dermatology CentreRashid HospitalDubai Health AuthorityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - M. Cusini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
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Alaniz VI, Rosen M, Mohr B, Markman L, Quint EH. 4-year-old girl · genital discomfort and dysuria · clitoral hood swelling · Blood blister on the labia minora · Dx? J Fam Pract 2019; 68:E8-E10. [PMID: 31287448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica I Alaniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Monica Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Bethany Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Child Protection Team, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lisa Markman
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Child Protection Team, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Elisabeth H Quint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Di Donato V, Benedetti Panici P. New diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches in gynecology: considerations for innovative strategies. Minerva Ginecol 2019; 71:1-3. [PMID: 30781937 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Violante Di Donato
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics Sciences and Urologic Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics Sciences and Urologic Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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35
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Vayngortin T, Kant S. Identification and management of adolescent gynecologic emergencies in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2019; 16:1-24. [PMID: 30676713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the emergency department, gynecologic complaints are common presentations for adolescent girls, who may present with abdominal pain, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding. The differential diagnosis for these presentations is broad, and further complicated by psychosocial factors, confidentiality concerns, and the need to recognize abuse and sexual assault. This issue provides recommendations for the evaluation and management of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies including infectious, anatomic, and endocrine etiologies. Offering adolescents evidence-based guidance and treatment for sexually transmitted infection and avoiding unwanted pregnancy can help to mitigate the high-risk behavior that can affect their wellness and future fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Vayngortin
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Shruti Kant
- Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Arzubi-Hughes MK, Salts LA, Weller MA. Diagnosing and managing common genital emergencies in pediatric girls. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2018; 15:1-23. [PMID: 30251816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presentation of genital injuries and emergencies in pediatric girls can sometimes be misleading. A traumatic injury with excessive bleeding may be a straddle injury that requires only conservative management, while a penetrating injury may have no recognizable signs or symptoms but require extensive surgery. This issue reviews the most common traumatic genital injuries in girls presenting to the emergency department, including straddle injuries, hematomas, and impalement injuries. Nontraumatic emergencies, including hematocolpos and urethral prolapse, are also discussed. Evidence-based recommendations are presented for identifying and managing these common genital injuries and emergencies in pediatric girls.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Congenital Abnormalities
- Critical Pathways
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Diseases, Female/etiology
- Genital Diseases, Female/therapy
- Genitalia, Female/injuries
- Humans
- Hydrostatic Pressure/adverse effects
- Hymen/abnormalities
- Infant
- Insufflation
- Menstruation Disturbances/diagnosis
- Menstruation Disturbances/etiology
- Menstruation Disturbances/therapy
- Prolapse
- Urethral Diseases/diagnosis
- Urethral Diseases/etiology
- Urethral Diseases/therapy
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/etiology
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy
- Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosis
- Wounds, Penetrating/etiology
- Wounds, Penetrating/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Arzubi-Hughes
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Laila A Salts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Melanie A Weller
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellow, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA
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Abstract
The tumor marker CA 125 was initially thought to be specific for ovarian malignancies. Subsequently it was found to be raised in a variety of benign conditions, including pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver. With respect to gynecological tumors, CA 125 may be elevated in benign ovarian cysts, tubo-ovarian abscess, endometriosis, hyperstimulation syndrome, ectopic pregnancy and fibroids. These results demonstrate that CA 125 is a marker of non-specific peritoneal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Individuals with cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia often initially present to their primary care provider. When present, these conditions may be associated with considerable physical symptoms and psychological distress. Dermatoses affecting the genitals may be of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic cause, and can be processes confined to the genitalia or a manifestation of a more widespread dermatologic condition. This article provides a guide to recognizing and managing common genital dermatoses and when to refer for specialist opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yura
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Tarry Building Room 16-703, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sarah Flury
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Tarry Building Room 16-703, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Mikos T, Finitsis S, Gerede A, Grimbizis GF. Vaginal Excision of a Large Gartner Duct Cyst. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018; 25:1132-1133. [PMID: 29454145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Mikos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Finitsis
- University Radiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Gerede
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F Grimbizis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Thong KY, Yadagiri M, Barnes DJ, Morris DS, Chowdhury TA, Chuah LL, Robinson AM, Bain SC, Adamson KA, Ryder REJ. Clinical risk factors predicting genital fungal infections with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment: The ABCD nationwide dapagliflozin audit. Prim Care Diabetes 2018; 12:45-50. [PMID: 28669625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of type 2 diabetes with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may result in genital fungal infections. We investigated possible risk factors for developing such infections among patients treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. METHODS The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) collected data on patients treated with dapagliflozin in routine clinical practice from 59 diabetes centres. We assessed possible associations of patient's age, diabetes duration, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, renal function, patient sex, ethnicity and prior genital fungal infection, urinary tract infection, urinary incontinence or nocturia, with the occurrence of ≥1 genital fungal infection within 26 weeks of treatment. RESULTS 1049 out of 1116 patients (476 women, 573 men) were analysed. Baseline characteristics were, mean±SD, age 56.7±10.2years, BMI 35.5±6.9kg/m2 and HbA1c 9.4±1.5%. Only patient sex (13.2% women vs 3.3% men) and prior history of genital fungal infection (21.6% vs 7.3%) were found to be associated with occurrence of genital fungal infections after dapagliflozin treatment, adjusted OR 4.22 [95%CI 2.48,7.19], P<0.001 and adjusted OR 2.41 [95% CI 1.04,5.57], P=0.039, respectively. CONCLUSION Women and patients with previous genital fungal infections had higher risks of developing genital fungal infections with dapagliflozin treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Benzhydryl Compounds/adverse effects
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/chemically induced
- Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology
- Genital Diseases, Female/microbiology
- Genital Diseases, Male/chemically induced
- Genital Diseases, Male/diagnosis
- Genital Diseases, Male/epidemiology
- Genital Diseases, Male/microbiology
- Glucosides/adverse effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Medical Audit
- Middle Aged
- Mycoses/chemically induced
- Mycoses/diagnosis
- Mycoses/epidemiology
- Mycoses/microbiology
- Odds Ratio
- Recurrence
- Risk Factors
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- United Kingdom/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yan Thong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Mahender Yadagiri
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Fernandez S. A Pediatrician's Take on a Few Common Infant Urologic and Gynecologic Issues. Pediatr Ann 2017; 46:e397-e399. [PMID: 29131917 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20171018-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urologic and gynecologic issues are common in a pediatric primary care office. This article focuses on the evaluation and management of a few common diagnoses in infants and young children: fetal hydronephrosis, labial adhesions, physiologic phimosis, and hydrocele. This article can help pediatricians decide when these common issues can be managed in the primary care office and when they need subspecialty guidance. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(11):e397-e399.].
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Martinez-Díaz FA. Genital Aphthous Ulcers and a Case of Suspected Chikungunya: A Short Clinical Case. P R Health Sci J 2017; 36:183-185. [PMID: 28915309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genital aphthous ulcers can result from multiple conditions including febrile syndromes. Chikungunya infection manifests mainly as fever accompanied by polyarthralgia and pruritic rash. Nevertheless, healthcare providers should be alert to additional presentations. This is the case of a young woman presenting with painful genital ulcers after a three day prodome of fever and polyarthralgia. As a suspected case of Chikungunya infection and a clinical diagnosis of aphthae, treatment with oral prednisone for two weeks produced complete resolution of ulcers with no scarring. It is important to recognize that genital aphthous ulcers can develop in a febrile presentation such as that with Chikungunya. Although sexually transmitted diseases should be ruled out as a more common diagnosis in cases of genital lesions, knowledge about this unusual dermatological presentation would represent not only adequate prompt treatment but will minimize equivocal diagnosis as a sexually transmitted disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A Martinez-Díaz
- Ad honorem Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Fan T, Amobi A. Screening for Gynecologic Conditions with Pelvic Examination. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96:253-254. [PMID: 28925672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fan
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Program, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA
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Screening for Gynecologic Conditions with Pelvic Examination: Recommendation Statement. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96:Online. [PMID: 28925671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Del Pino M, Alonso I, Rodriguez-Trujillo A, Bernal S, Geraets D, Guimerà N, Torne A, Ordi J. Comparison of the analytical and clinical performance of five tests for the detection of human papillomavirus genital infection. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:238-243. [PMID: 28739302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HPV-based screening provides greater protection against cervical cancer (CC) than cytology-based strategies. Currently, several molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) are available. In this study, we analyzed 5 different HPV testing and genotyping techniques (Hybrid Capture 2 [HC2; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany], AnyplexTMII HPV28 [Anyplex; Seegene, Seoul, Korea], Linear Array [Roche, Branchburg, NJ, USA], GP5+/6+ PCR-EIA-RH [Labo Bio-medical Products, Rijswijk, The Netherlands] and CLART2 [Genomica, Madrid, Spain]) in 295 women referred to the hospital Colposcopy Clinic from 2007 to 2008 due to positive HPV test results or an abnormal Pap test. DNA extraction for HPV genotyping was performed in cervical sample specimens after Pap test and HPV detection by HC2. The inclusion criteria were: (1) adequate cervical sampling with sufficient material for the Pap test and HPV detection and genotyping, and (2) colposcopically-directed biopsy and/or endocervical curettage. HC2 showed the highest sensitivity for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and CC (HSIL+) detection (96.1%), but all the HPV genotyping tests showed a higher specificity. (Anyplex 86.8%; Linear Array 86.0%; GP5+/6+ 78.8%; CLART2 76.5%). The agreement between HC2 results and the other techniques was similar: 82.4%, kappa=0.650 for Anyplex; 83.4%, kappa=0.670 for Linear Array, 79.93%, kappa=0.609 for GP5+/6+ and 82.4%, kappa=0.654 for CLART2. HPV 16 and/or 18 infection was a risk factor for underlying HSIL+ in the univariate analysis. Anyplex showed the highest risk of underlying HSIL+ after positive HPV 16 and/or 18 tests (OR 31.1; 95% CI 12.1-80.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Pino
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Bernal
- Department of Pathology, ISGlobal (Instituto de Salud Global) Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Geraets
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - N Guimerà
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - A Torne
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ordi
- Department of Pathology, ISGlobal (Instituto de Salud Global) Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Barry MJ, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Epling JW, García FAR, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Silverstein M, Simon M, Siu AL, Tseng CW. Screening for Gynecologic Conditions With Pelvic Examination: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2017; 317:947-953. [PMID: 28267862 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Many conditions that can affect women's health are often evaluated through pelvic examination. Although the pelvic examination is a common part of the physical examination, it is unclear whether performing screening pelvic examinations in asymptomatic women has a significant effect on disease morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To issue a new US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for gynecologic conditions with pelvic examination for conditions other than cervical cancer, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, for which the USPSTF has already made specific recommendations. EVIDENCE REVIEW The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the accuracy, benefits, and potential harms of performing screening pelvic examinations in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adult women 18 years and older who are not at increased risk for any specific gynecologic condition. FINDINGS Overall, the USPSTF found inadequate evidence on screening pelvic examinations for the early detection and treatment of a range of gynecologic conditions in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adult women. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of performing screening pelvic examinations in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adult women. (I statement) This statement does not apply to specific disorders for which the USPSTF already recommends screening (ie, screening for cervical cancer with a Papanicolaou smear, screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John W Epling
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| | | | | | - Alex H Krist
- Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia11Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert L Siu
- Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York20James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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McNicholas C, Peipert JF. Is It Time to Abandon the Routine Pelvic Examination in Asymptomatic Nonpregnant Women? JAMA 2017; 317:910-911. [PMID: 28267835 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen McNicholas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey F Peipert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent changes in the periodicity of cervical cancer screening have led to questions about the role of screening pelvic examinations among asymptomatic women. OBJECTIVE To systematically review literature on health benefits, accuracy, and harms of the screening pelvic examination for gynecologic conditions for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant English-language studies published through January 13, 2016, with surveillance through August 3, 2016. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and studies. The search yielded 8678 unique citations; 316 full-text articles were reviewed, and 9 studies including 27 630 patients met inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers rated study quality using USPSTF criteria. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Morbidity; mortality; diagnostic accuracy for any gynecologic cancer or condition except cervical cancer, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, which are covered by other USPSTF screening recommendations; harms (false-positive rates, false-negative rates, surgery rates). RESULTS No trials examined the effectiveness of the pelvic examination in reducing all-cause mortality, reducing cancer- and disease-specific morbidity and mortality, or improving quality of life. Eight studies reported accuracy for the screening pelvic examination: ovarian cancer (4 studies; n = 26 432), bacterial vaginosis (2 studies; n = 930), trichomoniasis (1 study; n = 779), and genital herpes (1 study; n = 779). In the 4 ovarian cancer screening studies, low prevalence of ovarian cancer consistently resulted in low positive predictive values (PPVs) and false-positive rates, with a lack of precision in accuracy estimates (sensitivity range, 0%-100%; specificity range, 91%-99%; PPV range, 0%-3.6%; negative predictive value [NPV] range, ≥99%). Each diagnostic accuracy study for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes was performed in a high-prevalence population with substantial proportions of symptomatic patients and reported accuracy characteristics for individual physical examination findings (bacterial vaginosis, homogeneous discharge: sensitivity range, 69%-79%; specificity range, 54%-97%; PPV range, 52%-95%; NPV range, 79%-80%; herpes simplex virus, vulvar ulcerations: sensitivity, 20%; specificity, 98%; PPV, 88%; NPV, 57%; trichomoniasis, colpitis macularis: sensitivity, 2%; specificity, 100%; PPV, 100%; NPV, 85%). Surgery rates resulting from an abnormal screening pelvic examination for ovarian cancer ranged from 5% to 36% at 1 year, with the largest study reporting an 11% surgery rate and 1% complication rate within 1 year of a screening pelvic examination with abnormal findings. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE No direct evidence was identified for overall benefits and harms of the pelvic examination as a 1-time or periodic screening test. Limited evidence was identified regarding the diagnostic accuracy and harms of routine screening pelvic examinations in asymptomatic primary care populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Guirguis-Blake
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Tacoma2Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jillian T Henderson
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Leslie A Perdue
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
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McBain L, Pullon S, Garrett S, Hoare K. Genital examination training: assessing the effectiveness of an integrated female and male teaching programme. BMC Med Educ 2016; 16:299. [PMID: 27876033 PMCID: PMC5120523 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learning to undertake intimate female and male examinations is an important part of medical student training but opportunities to participate in practical, supervised learning in a safe environment can be limited. A collaborative, integrated training programme to provide such learning was developed by two university teaching departments and a specialist sexual health service, utilising teaching associates trained for intimate examinations in a simulated clinical educational setting. The objective of this research was to determine changes in senior medical students' self- reported experience and confidence in performing male and female genital examinations, before and after participating in a new clinical teaching programme. METHODS A quasi-experimental mixed methods design, using pre and post programme questionnaires and focus groups, was used to assess the effectiveness of the programme. RESULTS The students reported greatly improved skill, confidence and comfort levels for both male and female genital examination following the teaching programme. Skill, confidence and comfort regarding male examinations were rated particularly low on the pre-teaching programme self- assessment, but post-programme was rated at similar levels to the female examination. CONCLUSIONS This integrated female-male teaching programme (utilising trained teaching associates as simulated patients in a supervised clinical teaching environment) was successful in increasing senior medical students' skills and levels of confidence in performing genital examinations. There were differences between female and male medical students in their learning. Suggestions for improvement included providing more detailed instruction to some clinical supervisors about their facilitation role in the session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn McBain
- Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Wellington South 6242 New Zealand
| | - Susan Pullon
- Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Wellington South 6242 New Zealand
| | - Sue Garrett
- Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Wellington South 6242 New Zealand
| | - Kath Hoare
- Education Unit, Dean’s Department, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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