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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Tao J, Rong X, Yang Y. Intestinal Trefoil Factor 3: a new biological factor mediating gut-kidney crosstalk in diabetic kidney disease. Endocrine 2024; 84:109-118. [PMID: 38148440 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), and explore the dynamic changes of TFF3 expression pattern in renal injury process. METHODS DKD animal model was established by streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg/d, ip, for 5 days, consecutively) combined with the high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. While animals were sacrificed at different time stages in DKD process (4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively). RESULTS STZ combined with high-fat diet induced weight gain, increased blood glucose and decreased glucose tolerance in DKD mice. Compared to the control group, the DKD group exhibits extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and the renal injury was aggravated in a time-dependent manner. The TFF3 expression level was decreased in kidney, and increased in colon tissue. CONCLUSION TFF3 is not only expressed in colon, but also expressed in renal medulla and cortex. TFF3 might be play a pivotal role in renal mucosal repair by gut-kidney crosstalk, and protect renal from high glucose microenvironment damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Laskou A, Znalesniak EB, Harder S, Schlüter H, Jechorek D, Langer K, Strecker C, Matthes C, Tchaikovski SN, Hoffmann W. Different Forms of TFF3 in the Human Endocervix, including a Complex with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP), and Further Aspects of the Cervico-Vaginal Innate Immune Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2287. [PMID: 38396964 PMCID: PMC10888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TFF3 is a typical secretory poplypeptide of mucous epithelia belonging to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. In the intestine, respiratory tract, and saliva, TFF3 mainly exists as a high-molecular-mass complex with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP), which is indicative of a role in mucosal innate immunity. For the first time, we identified different forms of TFF3 in the endocervix, i.e., monomeric and homodimeric TFF3, as well as a high-molecular-mass TFF3-FCGBP complex; the latter also exists in a hardly soluble form. Immunohistochemistry co-localized TFF3 and FCGBP. Expression analyses of endocervical and post-menopausal vaginal specimens revealed a lack of mucin and TFF3 transcripts in the vaginal specimens. In contrast, genes encoding other typical components of the innate immune defense were expressed in both the endocervix and vagina. Of note, FCGBP is possibly fucosylated. Endocervical specimens from transgender individuals after hormonal therapy showed diminished expression, particularly of FCGBP. Furthermore, mucus swabs from the endocervix and vagina were analyzed concerning TFF3, FCGBP, and lysozyme. It was the aim of this study to illuminate several aspects of the cervico-vaginal innate immune barrier, which is clinically relevant as bacterial and viral infections are also linked to infertility, pre-term birth and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Laskou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva B. Znalesniak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Langer
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carina Strecker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Matthes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana N. Tchaikovski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Guo H, Tan YQ, Huang X, Zhang S, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Small molecule inhibition of TFF3 overcomes tamoxifen resistance and enhances taxane efficacy in ER+ mammary carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216443. [PMID: 37858772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Even though tamoxifen has significantly improved the survival of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC) patients, the development of drug resistance with consequent disease recurrence has limited its therapeutic efficacy. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) has been previously reported to mediate anti-estrogen resistance in ER+MC. Herein, the efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of TFF3 (AMPC) in enhancing sensitivity and mitigating acquired resistance to tamoxifen in ER+MC cells was investigated. AMPC induced apoptosis of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells and significantly reduced cell survival in 2D and 3D culture in vitro. In addition, AMPC reduced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in ER+MC cells in a BCL2-dependent manner. Synergistic effects of AMPC and tamoxifen were demonstrated in ER+MC cells and AMPC was observed to improve tamoxifen efficacy in tamoxifen-sensitive cells and to re-sensitize cells to tamoxifen in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells were concomitantly resistant to anthracycline, platinum and fluoropyrimidine drugs, but not to Taxanes. Taxane treatment of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression indicating a combination vulnerability for tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC cells. Taxanes increased CSC-like behavior of tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+MC cells which was reduced by AMPC treatment. Taxanes synergized with AMPC to promote apoptosis and reduce CSC-like behavior in vitro and in vivo. Hence, AMPC restored the sensitivity of tamoxifen and enhanced the efficacy of Taxanes in tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 may serve as an effective combinatorial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant ER+MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and the Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Weste J, Houben T, Harder S, Schlüter H, Lücke E, Schreiber J, Hoffmann W. Different Molecular Forms of TFF3 in the Human Respiratory Tract: Heterodimerization with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP) and Proteolytic Cleavage in Bronchial Secretions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315359. [PMID: 36499686 PMCID: PMC9737082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The polypeptide TFF3 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. TFF3 is typically secreted from mucous epithelia together with mucins. Both intestinal and salivary TFF3 mainly exist as disulfide-linked heterodimers with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Here, we investigated bronchial tissue specimens, bronchial secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) background by fast protein liquid chromatography and proteomics. For the first time, we identified different molecular forms of TFF3 in the lung. The high-molecular mass form represents TFF3-FCGBP oligomers, whereas the low-molecular mass forms are homodimeric and monomeric TFF3 with possibly anti-apoptotic activities. In addition, disulfide-linked TFF3 heterodimers with an Mr of about 60k and 30k were detected in both bronchial secretions and BAL fluid. In these liquids, TFF3 is partly N-terminally truncated probably by neutrophil elastase cleavage. TFF3-FCGBP is likely involved in the mucosal innate immune defense against microbial infections. We discuss a hypothetical model how TFF3 might control FCGBP oligomerization. Furthermore, we did not find indications for interactions of TFF3-FCGBP with DMBT1gp340 or the mucin MUC5AC, glycoproteins involved in mucosal innate immunity. Surprisingly, bronchial MUC5AC appeared to be degraded when compared with gastric MUC5AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weste
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Houben
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Cheng F, Wang X, Chiou YS, He C, Guo H, Tan YQ, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression via WNT pathway activation mediated by enhanced WNT ligand expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:265. [PMID: 35332126 PMCID: PMC8948291 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality with a dismal prognosis that has changed little over the past few decades. Further understanding of the molecular pathology of PDAC progression is urgently required in order to improve the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Herein, it was observed that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression was elevated in PDAC, and was positively correlated with a worse overall patient survival outcome. Forced expression of TFF3 promoted oncogenic functions of PDAC cells in vitro including cell proliferation, survival, foci formation, cancer stem cell-like behavior and invasion, ex vivo colony growth in 3D-Matrigel, and xenograft growth in vivo. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 inhibited these same processes. RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent mechanistic analyses demonstrated that TFF3 increased the expression of various WNT ligands to mediate WNT pathway activation required for TFF3-stimulated PDAC progression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 and WNT signaling significantly attenuated PDAC xenograft growth and potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Hence, a mechanistic basis for combined inhibition of pathways enhancing PDAC progression is provided and suggests that inhibition of TFF3 may assist to ameliorate outcomes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu He
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570005, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Pilonis ND, Killcoyne S, Tan WK, O'Donovan M, Malhotra S, Tripathi M, Miremadi A, Debiram-Beecham I, Evans T, Phillips R, Morris DL, Vickery C, Harrison J, di Pietro M, Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo J, Haidry R, Kerridge A, Sasieni PD, Fitzgerald RC. Use of a Cytosponge biomarker panel to prioritise endoscopic Barrett's oesophagus surveillance: a cross-sectional study followed by a real-world prospective pilot. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:270-278. [PMID: 35030332 PMCID: PMC8803607 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic surveillance is recommended for patients with Barrett's oesophagus because, although the progression risk is low, endoscopic intervention is highly effective for high-grade dysplasia and cancer. However, repeated endoscopy has associated harms and access has been limited during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the role of a non-endoscopic device (Cytosponge) coupled with laboratory biomarkers and clinical factors to prioritise endoscopy for Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS We first conducted a retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study in patients older than 18 years who were having endoscopic surveillance for Barrett's oesophagus (with intestinal metaplasia confirmed by TFF3 and a minimum Barrett's segment length of 1 cm [circumferential or tongues by the Prague C and M criteria]). All patients had received the Cytosponge and confirmatory endoscopy during the BEST2 (ISRCTN12730505) and BEST3 (ISRCTN68382401) clinical trials, from July 7, 2011, to April 1, 2019 (UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio 9461). Participants were divided into training (n=557) and validation (n=334) cohorts to identify optimal risk groups. The biomarkers evaluated were overexpression of p53, cellular atypia, and 17 clinical demographic variables. Endoscopic biopsy diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or cancer was the primary endpoint. Clinical feasibility of a decision tree for Cytosponge triage was evaluated in a real-world prospective cohort from Aug 27, 2020 (DELTA; ISRCTN91655550; n=223), in response to COVID-19 and the need to provide an alternative to endoscopic surveillance. FINDINGS The prevalence of high-grade dysplasia or cancer determined by the current gold standard of endoscopic biopsy was 17% (92 of 557 patients) in the training cohort and 10% (35 of 344) in the validation cohort. From the new biomarker analysis, three risk groups were identified: high risk, defined as atypia or p53 overexpression or both on Cytosponge; moderate risk, defined by the presence of a clinical risk factor (age, sex, and segment length); and low risk, defined as Cytosponge-negative and no clinical risk factors. The risk of high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal cancer in the high-risk group was 52% (68 of 132 patients) in the training cohort and 41% (31 of 75) in the validation cohort, compared with 2% (five of 210) and 1% (two of 185) in the low-risk group, respectively. In the real-world setting, Cytosponge results prospectively identified 39 (17%) of 223 patients as high risk (atypia or p53 overexpression, or both) requiring endoscopy, among whom the positive predictive value was 31% (12 of 39 patients) for high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal cancer and 44% (17 of 39) for any grade of dysplasia. INTERPRETATION Cytosponge atypia, p53 overexpression, and clinical risk factors (age, sex, and segment length) could be used to prioritise patients for endoscopy. Further investigation could validate their use in clinical practice and lead to a substantial reduction in endoscopy procedures compared with current surveillance pathways. FUNDING Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, Innovate UK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Killcoyne
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Keith Tan
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shalini Malhotra
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Tripathi
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ahmad Miremadi
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene Debiram-Beecham
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tara Evans
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary Phillips
- Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK
| | - Danielle L Morris
- Department of Gastroenterology, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Craig Vickery
- Department of Surgery, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Jon Harrison
- Department of Gastroenterology, Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate, UK
| | | | - Jacobo Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rehan Haidry
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abigail Kerridge
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter D Sasieni
- Cancer Prevention Group in Clinical Trials Unit, King's Clinical Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Liu M, Xiao Y. Trefoil factor 3 silencing can inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. J BUON 2021; 26:1842-1849. [PMID: 34761591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE At present, the global incidence of lung cancer is still high. Exploring its effective treatment is still a crucial research direction. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was found to be related to the proliferation and apoptosis of many tumor cells. Therefore, this article focuses on the effect of TFF3 on SPC-A1 lung cancer cells. METHODS The tissue samples of lung cancer patients were collected, and the expression level of TFF3 was detected by Western blot (WB) and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. After transfection technique was used to silence the expression of TFF3 in SPC-A1 cells, the proliferation activity of SPC-A1 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining, and the cell cycle and related factor expression levels were also detected. The apoptosis rate of SPC-A1 cells was detected by Tunel staining and flow cytometry, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors were also detected. RESULTS TFF3 in lung cancer tissues was obviously higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue. At the same time, similar results were found in SPC-A1 lung cancer cells. CCK-8 assay and EdU staining found that silencing TFF3 gene expression can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SPC-A1 cells. Flow cytometry detection of SPC-A1 cell cycle showed that cells were blocked in G0/G1 phase, and the number of cells in S+G2/M phase was obviously reduced. Cyclin D1 expression was also obviously reduced. At the same time, silencing TFF3 gene expression can promote the increase of Bax expression and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2, thereby increasing the apoptosis rate of SPC-A1 cells. Furthermore, silencing the TFF3 gene can effectively inhibit the excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SPC-A1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the expression of TFF3 in lung cancer was obviously increased. Silencing TFF3 in SPC-A1 cells can inhibit the cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. At the same time, we confirmed that silencing TFF3 gene can inhibit the abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in SPC-A1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Jatko JT, Darling CL, Kellett MP, Bain LJ. Arsenic exposure in drinking water reduces Lgr5 and secretory cell marker gene expression in mouse intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115561. [PMID: 33957193 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a global health concern that causes toxicity through ingestion of contaminated water and food. In vitro studies suggest that arsenic reduces stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, this study determined if arsenic disrupted intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation, thereby altering the number, location, and/or function of intestinal epithelial cells. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0 or 100 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) through drinking water for 5 weeks. Duodenal sections were collected to assess changes in morphology, proliferation, and cell types. qPCR analysis revealed a 40% reduction in Lgr5 transcripts, an ISC marker, in the arsenic-exposed mice, although there were no changes in the protein expression of Olfm4. Secretory cell-specific transcript markers of Paneth (Defa1), Goblet (Tff3), and secretory transit amplifying (Math1) cells were reduced by 51%, 44%, and 30% respectively, in the arsenic-exposed mice, indicating significant impacts on the Wnt-dependent differentiation pathway. Further, protein levels of phosphorylated β-catenin were reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice, which increased the expression of Wnt-dependent transcripts CD44 and c-myc. PCA analysis, followed by MANOVA and regression analyses, revealed significant changes and correlations between Lgr5 and the transit amplifying (TA) cell markers Math1 and Hes1, which are in the secretory cell pathway. Similar comparisons between Math1 and Defa1 show that terminal differentiation into Paneth cells is also reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice. The data suggests that ISCs are not lost following arsenic exposure, but rather, specific Wnt-dependent progenitor cell formation and terminal differentiation in the small intestine is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Jatko
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Michael P Kellett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124535. [PMID: 32630599 PMCID: PMC7350206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) are typically co-secreted together with mucins. Tff1 represents a gastric tumor suppressor gene in mice. TFFs are also synthesized in minute amounts in the immune and central nervous systems. In mucous epithelia, they support rapid repair by enhancing cell migration ("restitution") via their weak chemotactic and anti-apoptotic effects. For a long time, as a paradigm, this was considered as their major biological function. Within recent years, the formation of disulfide-linked heterodimers was documented for TFF1 and TFF3, e.g., with gastrokine-2 and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Furthermore, lectin activities were recognized as enabling binding to a lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori (TFF1, TFF3) or to a carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6 (TFF2). Only recently, gastric TFF1 was demonstrated to occur predominantly in monomeric forms with an unusual free thiol group. Thus, a new picture emerged, pointing to diverse molecular functions for TFFs. Monomeric TFF1 might protect the gastric mucosa as a scavenger for extracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Whereas, the TFF2/MUC6 complex stabilizes the inner layer of the gastric mucus. In contrast, the TFF3-FCGBP heterodimer (and also TFF1-FCGBP) are likely part of the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia, preventing the infiltration of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Popp J, Schicht M, Garreis F, Klinger P, Gelse K, Sesselmann S, Tsokos M, Etzold S, Stiller D, Claassen H, Paulsen F. Human Synovia Contains Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides 1-3 Although Synovial Membrane Only Produces TFF3: Implications in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236105. [PMID: 31817054 PMCID: PMC6928748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3) has been shown to support catabolic functions in cases of osteoarthritis (OA). As in joint physiology and diseases such as OA, the synovial membrane (SM) of the joint capsule also plays a central role. We analyze the ability of SM to produce TFF compare healthy SM and its secretion product synovial fluid (SF) with SM and SF from patients suffering from OA or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure the expression of TFFs in healthy SM and SM from patients suffering from OA or RA. For tissue localization, we investigated TFF1-3 in differently aged human SM of healthy donors by means of immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. Results: Only TFF3 but not TFF1 and -2 was expressed in SM from healthy donors as well as cases of OA or RA on protein and mRNA level. In contrast, all three TFFs were detected in all samples of SF on the protein level. No significant changes were observed for TFF1 at all. TFF2 was significantly upregulated in RA samples in comparison to OA samples. TFF3 protein was significantly downregulated in OA samples in comparison to healthy samples and cases of RA significantly upregulated compared to OA. In contrast, in SM TFF3 protein was not significantly regulated. Conclusion: The data demonstrate the production of TFF3 in SM. Unexpectedly, SF contains all three known TFF peptides. As neither articular cartilage nor SM produce TFF1 and TFF2, we speculate that these originate with high probability from blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Popp
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.P.); (M.S.); (F.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Martin Schicht
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.P.); (M.S.); (F.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Fabian Garreis
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.P.); (M.S.); (F.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Patricia Klinger
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.P.); (M.S.); (F.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Kolja Gelse
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Trauma Surgery, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Sesselmann
- University of Applied Sciences Amberg-Weiden, Institute for Medical Engineering, 92637 Weiden, Germany;
| | - Michael Tsokos
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (S.E.)
| | - Saskia Etzold
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (S.E.)
| | - Dankwart Stiller
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Legal Medicine, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Horst Claassen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.P.); (M.S.); (F.G.); (P.K.)
- Sechenov University, Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8522865; Fax: +49-9131-8522862
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Mihalj M, Bujak M, Butković J, Zubčić Ž, Tolušić Levak M, Čes J, Kopić V, Baus Lončar M, Mihalj H. Differential Expression of TFF1 and TFF3 in Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215461. [PMID: 31683988 PMCID: PMC6862153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil family factor (TFF) proteins contribute to antimicrobial defense and the maintenance of sinonasal epithelial barrier integrity. Dysregulation of TFF expression may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling characteristically found in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Expressions of TFF1 and TFF3 were determined in specimens of middle nasal turbinate (MNT-0), bulla ethmoidalis (BE), and nasal polyps (NP) from CRSwNP patients (n = 29) and inferior nasal turbinate from a group of control patients (underwent nasal septoplasty, n = 25). An additional MNT sample was collected 6 months after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS, MNT-6). TFF1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in all specimens by approximately three- to five-fold, while TFF3 was increased in MNT-0, as compared with controls. Six months after surgery their levels were reversed to control values. CRSwNP patients with S. epidermidis isolated from sinus swabs showed upregulation of TFF3 in MNT and NP as compared with patients with sterile swabs. Target gene regulation was not affected by the presence of type 2 inflammation in patients with confirmed allergy. Results of this study imply participation of TFFs genes in the development of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maro Bujak
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josip Butković
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Osijek, 310000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Željko Zubčić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Osijek; 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Tolušić Levak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Josip Čes
- Dental Centre Čes, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vlatko Kopić
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Osijek, 310000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Mihalj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Osijek; 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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12
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Pei D, Xue G, Wu JF, Wang DM, Qin XJ. [Clinical analysis between trefoil factor 3 gene polymorphsims and susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:926-931. [PMID: 31623036 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the relationships between trefoil factor 3(TFF3) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) in Han population of northern China. Method:A case-control study was performed in 123 PTC patients and 108 healthy controls. Four SNPs in the TFF3 gene, including rs225361, rs533093, rs9981660 and rs225439, were detected by gene sequencing. Result:Compared with healthy people, there was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of rs225361, rs9981660, rs533093 and rs225439 alleles in the PTC group(P>0.05). The CGTC and CGTT haploids of TFF3 gene were positively correlated with the occurrence of PTC, and CGCC and TGTC haploids were negatively correlated with the occurrence of PTC. TT genotype of rs9981660 had significant differences in the distribution of PTC with and without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). Conclusion:Polymorphisms in 4 SNP loci in the TFF3 gene may be unrelated to the occurrence of PTC. The CGTC, CGTT, CGCC and TGTC haploids in the TFF3 gene might be related to the development of PTC. The TT genotype at rs9981660 may be associated with lymph node metastasis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pei
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Hospital of Hebei North University
| | - J F Wu
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - D M Wang
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
| | - X J Qin
- Hebei North University Morphology Laboratory,Zhangjiakou,075000,China
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Krüger K, Schmid S, Paulsen F, Ignatius A, Klinger P, Hotfiel T, Swoboda B, Gelse K. Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) Is Involved in Cell Migration for Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174277. [PMID: 31480518 PMCID: PMC6747154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the possible role of Trefoil Factor Family peptide 3 (TFF3) for skeletal repair. The expression of TFF3 was analyzed in human joint tissues as well as in a murine bone fracture model. Serum levels of TFF3 following a defined skeletal trauma in humans were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TFF3 was analyzed under normoxia and hypoxia. Expression analysis after stimulation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) with TFF3 was performed by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The effect of recombinant human (rh)TFF3 on MPCs was analysed by different migration and chemotaxis assays. The effect on cell motility was also visualized by fluorescence staining of F-Actin. TFF3 was absent in human articular cartilage, but strongly expressed in the subchondral bone and periosteum of adult joints. Strong TFF3 immunoreactivity was also detected in murine fracture callus. Serum levels of TFF3 were significantly increased after skeletal trauma in humans. Expression analysis demonstrated that rhTFF3 significantly decreased mRNA of ROCK1. Wound healing assays showed increased cell migration of MPCs by rhTFF3. The F-Actin cytoskeleton was markedly influenced by rhTFF3. Cell proliferation was not increased by rhTFF3. The data demonstrate elevated expression of TFF3 after skeletal trauma. The stimulatory effects on cell motility and migration of MPCs suggest a role of TFF3 in skeletal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Krüger
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmid
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patricia Klinger
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Swoboda
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kolja Gelse
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of prematurity, with no current method for early diagnosis. Diagnosis is particularly challenging, frequently occurring after the disease has progressed to the point of significant and often irreversible intestinal damage. Biomarker research has tremendous potential to advance clinical management of NEC and our understanding of its pathogenesis. This review discusses the need for novel biomarkers in NEC management, evaluates studies investigating such biomarkers, and explains the difficulties associated with translating biomarker discovery into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Karl G Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Building M116, MC 5733, Stanford, CA 94305.
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15
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Liu J, Kim SY, Shin S, Jung SH, Yim SH, Lee JY, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Overexpression of TFF3 is involved in prostate carcinogenesis via blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30139961 PMCID: PMC6107499 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is observed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), and its potential role in carcinogenesis, such as activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, is suggested. However, its role and its related mechanisms in prostate tumorigenesis remain unknown. To elucidate the role of TFF3 overexpression in PCa, we silenced TFF3 in two PCa cell lines that overexpressed TFF3 and explored the molecular mechanism behind its antiapoptotic role. We also examined TFF3 expression in 108 Korean PCa specimens and 106 normal prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The mean TFF3 IHC score in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues (4.702 vs. 0.311, P = 2.52 × 10-24). TFF3-silenced cells showed suppressed tumor cell growth and migration. TFF3 silencing decreased BCL2 and increased BAX expression. The translocation of BAX to the mitochondria was also confirmed. After TFF3 silencing, the expression of the mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins, cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO, was elevated, and these proteins were released from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Downstream mediators of mitochondrial apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, were also elevated. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly higher among TFF3-silenced cells. There was no difference in extrinsic apoptosis-related molecules after TFF3 silencing. All the results support that TFF3 silencing induces the downstream signaling pathway of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting TFF3 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Shin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug-Hyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Winkel L, Bagge A, Larsen L, Haase TN, Rasmussen M, Lykke J, Holmgaard DB, Thim L, Nielsen JH, Dalgaard LT. Trefoil factor 3 in perinatal pancreas is increased by gestational low protein diet and associated with accelerated β-cell maturation. Islets 2018; 10:e1472186. [PMID: 29723130 PMCID: PMC5989913 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2018.1472186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas expands markedly in the first postnatal days and the insulin producing β-cells initiate a functional maturation preceded by a morphological change of the islets of Langerhans. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a secreted peptide expressed in intestinal epithelia, where it promotes migration, but its role in the pancreas is not characterized. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and function of TFF3 in perinatal rat pancreas, ex vivo cultured fetal rat pancreas and in the rat β-cell line INS-1E. Control or gestational low-protein diet perinatal rat pancreas was harvested at embryonic day 20 (E20), day of birth (P0) and postnatal day 2 (P2). TFF3 mRNA was upregulated 4.5-fold at P0 vs. E20 and downregulated again at P2. In protein-undernourished pups induction of TFF3 at P0 was further increased to 9.7-fold and was increased at P2. TFF3 caused tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in INS-1E β-cells, and purified recombinant TFF3 increased both attachment and spreading of INS-1E β-cells. In ex vivo cultures of collagenase digested fetal rat pancreas, a model of perinatal β-cell maturation, TFF3 increased cellular spreading as well as insulin mRNA levels. TFF3 also increased the expression of Pref1/Dlk1 that shares similarities in expression and regulation with TFF3. These results suggest that TFF3 may promote adhesion and spreading of cells to accelerate β-cell maturation. This study indicates a functional role for TFF3 in pancreatic β-cell maturation in the perinatal period, which is altered by low protein diet during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Winkel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Bagge
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Louise Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias N. Haase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rasmussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Lykke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis B. Holmgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Thim
- Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jens H. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- CONTACT Louise T. Dalgaard Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University Bldg. 28.1, PO box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Zhu Y, Zhao S, Deng Y, Gordillo R, Ghaben AL, Shao M, Zhang F, Xu P, Li Y, Cao H, Zagnitko O, Scott DA, Gupta RK, Xing C, Zhang BB, Lin HV, Scherer PE. Hepatic GALE Regulates Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis by Modulating Tff3 Expression. Diabetes 2017; 66:2789-2799. [PMID: 28877911 PMCID: PMC5652600 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcripts of key enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism in mouse livers are significantly increased after chronic high-fat/high-sucrose feeding. UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) is the last enzyme in this pathway that converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose and was previously identified as a downstream target of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress effector spliced X-box binding protein 1, suggesting an interesting cross talk between galactose and glucose metabolism in the context of hepatic ER stress and whole-body metabolic fitness. However, its specific role in glucose metabolism is not established. Using an inducible and tissue-specific mouse model, we report that hepatic overexpression of Gale increases gluconeogenesis from pyruvate and impairs glucose tolerance. Conversely, genetic reduction of Gale in liver improves glucose tolerance. Transcriptional profiling identifies trefoil factor 3 (Tff3) as one of the downstream targets of GALE. Restoration of Tff3 expression corrects glucose intolerance in Gale-overexpressing mice. These studies reveal a new link between hepatic GALE activity and whole-body glucose homeostasis via regulation of hepatic Tff3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Fang Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huachuan Cao
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Olga Zagnitko
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - David A Scott
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bei B Zhang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua V Lin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Siber-Hoogeboom R, Schicht M, Hoogeboom S, Paulsen F, Traxdorf M. Obstructive sleep apnea and rhonchopathy are associated with downregulation of trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3)-Implications of changes in oral mucus composition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185200. [PMID: 29028798 PMCID: PMC5640215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Study objectives Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. Moreover, TFFs are associated with mucins and interact with them as “linker peptides”, thereby influencing mucus viscosity. To test the hypothesis that in rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) changes occur in the expression of TFF3 and -2 that could contribute to changes in mucus viscosity, leading to an increase in upper airway resistance during breathing. Methods RT-PCR, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect and quantify TFF3 and -2 in uvula samples. In addition, 99 saliva samples from patients with mild, moderate or severe OSA, as well as samples from rhonchopathy patients and from healthy volunteers, were analyzed by ELISA. Results TFF3 was detected in all uvula samples. Immunohistochemistry revealed a subjectively decreasing antibody reactivity of the uvula epithelia with increasing disease severity. ELISA demonstrated significantly higher TFF3 saliva protein concentrations in the healthy control group compared to cases with rhonchopathy and OSA. Predisposing factors of OSA such as BMI or age showed no correlation with TFF3. No significant changes were observed with regard to TFF2. Conclusions The results suggest the involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contribute to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Siber-Hoogeboom
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Schicht
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoogeboom
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maximilian Traxdorf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Manko A, Motta JP, Cotton JA, Feener T, Oyeyemi A, Vallance BA, Wallace JL, Buret AG. Giardia co-infection promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 2 and trefoil factor 3 and attenuates attaching and effacing bacteria-induced intestinal disease. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28622393 PMCID: PMC5473565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of polymicrobial gastrointestinal infections and their effects on host biology remains incompletely understood. Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite infecting animals and humans. Concomitant infections with Giardia and other gastrointestinal pathogens commonly occur. In countries with poor sanitation, Giardia infection has been associated with decreased incidence of diarrheal disease and fever, and reduced serum inflammatory markers release, via mechanisms that remain obscure. This study analyzed Giardia spp. co-infections with attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, and assessed whether and how the presence of Giardia modulates host responses to A/E enteropathogens, and alters intestinal disease outcome. In mice infected with the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, co-infection with Giardia muris significantly attenuated weight loss, macro- and microscopic signs of colitis, bacterial colonization and translocation, while concurrently enhancing the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mouse β-defensin 3 and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Co-infection of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) monolayers with G. duodenalis trophozoites and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) enhanced the production of the AMPs human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and TFF3; this effect was inhibited with treatment of G. duodenalis with cysteine protease inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggest that Giardia infections are capable of reducing enteropathogen-induced colitis while increasing production of host AMPs. Additional studies also demonstrated that Giardia was able to directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These results reveal novel mechanisms whereby Giardia may protect against gastrointestinal disease induced by a co-infecting A/E enteropathogen. Our findings shed new light on how microbial-microbial interactions in the gut may protect a host during concomitant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James A. Cotton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy Feener
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayodele Oyeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John L. Wallace
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Birse KD, Romas LM, Guthrie BL, Nilsson P, Bosire R, Kiarie J, Farquhar C, Broliden K, Burgener AD. Genital Injury Signatures and Microbiome Alterations Associated With Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Usage and Intravaginal Drying Practices. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:590-598. [PMID: 28011908 PMCID: PMC5388302 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and intravaginal practices may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection risk; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of DMPA and intravaginal practices on the genital proteome and microbiome to gain mechanistic insights. Methods Cervicovaginal secretions from 86 Kenyan women, including self-reported DMPA users (n = 23), nonhormonal contraceptive users (n = 63), and women who practice vaginal drying (n = 46), were analyzed using tandem-mass spectrometry. Results We identified 473 human and 486 bacterial proteins from 18 different genera. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use associated with increased hemoglobin and immune activation (HBD, HBB, IL36G), and decreased epithelial repair proteins (TFF3, F11R). Vaginal drying associated with increased hemoglobin and decreased phagocytosis factors (AZU1, MYH9, PLAUR). Injury signatures were exacerbated in DMPA users who also practiced vaginal drying. More diverse (H index: 0.71 vs 0.45; P = .009) bacterial communities containing Gardnerella vaginalis associated with vaginal drying, whereas DMPA showed no significant association with community composition or diversity. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into the impact of DMPA and vaginal drying on mucosal barriers. Future investigations are needed to confirm their relationship with HIV risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie D Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura M Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLife Lab, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose Bosire
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kiarie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Yusup A, Huji B, Fang C, Wang F, Dadihan T, Wang HJ, Upur H. Expression of trefoil factors and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer and their correlation with metastatic potential and prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:110-120. [PMID: 28104986 PMCID: PMC5221274 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of trefoil factors (TFFs) and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyze their correlation with metastasis and survival.
METHODS This study examined the expression of TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 in a total of 75 tumor samples, 47 matched normal samples (15 cm from the lesion margin), 30 metastatic lymph nodes, and 10 liver metastatic cancer samples from patients with CRC. The relationship was then analyzed between the protein expression and different clinical records. TFF1, TFF3, TWIST1,E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were measured in colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials (HIEC, HT29, SW620, and LoVo cells), and the correlation of the expression levels with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was discussed.
RESULTS It was found that 66.7% (50/75), 78.7% (59/75) and 54.7% (41/75) of tumor tissue samples exhibited positive staining for TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 and so did 27.3% (13/47), 100% (47/47) and 17% (8/47) of adjacent normal colorectal tissues. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, significant differences were found in the expression of all three proteins in different cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Higher expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.034, P = 0.000), advanced stage (P = 0.031, P = 0.003), and poorer survival (P = 0.042 for the TFF3 group, P = 0.003 for the TWIST1 group). The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 in cancer cell lines was higher than that in HIEC (a normal human intestinal epithelial cell line)(P < 0.05), and the expression intensity demonstrated a tendency to rise with increased metastatic potential both at the protein and mRNA levels. However, TFF1 expression demonstrated the opposite tendency. It was also observed that the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin tended to decrease while that of vimentin, TWIST1 and Snail tended to rise with the increase in metastatic potential.
CONCLUSION The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 might be associated with the survival of patients with CRC after curative resection and might be pivotal predictors of disease progression. TFF3 may be correlated to the invasiveness of CRC.
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22
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Große-Kreul J, Busch M, Winter C, Pikos S, Stephan H, Dünker N. Forced Trefoil Factor Family Peptide 3 (TFF3) Expression Reduces Growth, Viability, and Tumorigenicity of Human Retinoblastoma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163025. [PMID: 27626280 PMCID: PMC5023179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides have been shown to effect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of normal cells and various cancer cell lines. In the literature TFF peptides are controversially discussed as tumor suppressors and potential tumor progression factors. In the study presented, we investigated the effect of TFF3 overexpression on growth, viability, migration and tumorigenicity of the human retinoblastoma cell lines Y-79, WERI-Rb1, RBL-13 and RBL-15. As revealed by WST-1 and TUNEL assays as well as DAPI and BrdU cell counts, recombinant human TFF3 significantly lowers retinoblastoma cell viability and increases apoptosis levels. Transient TFF3 overexpression likewise significantly increases RB cell apoptosis. Stable, lentiviral TFF3 overexpression lowers retinoblastoma cell viability, proliferation and growth and significantly increases cell death in retinoblastoma cells. Blockage experiments using a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor and capase-3 immunocytochemistry revealed the involvement of caspases in general and of caspase-3 in particular in TFF3 induced apoptosis in retinoblastoma cell lines. Soft agarose and in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays revealed that TFF3 overexpression influences anchorage independent growth and significantly decreases the size of tumors forming from retinoblastoma cells. Our study demonstrates that forced TFF3 expression exerts a significant pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and tumor suppressive effect in retinoblastoma cells, setting a starting point for new additive chemotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Große-Kreul
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Busch
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Winter
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pikos
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Stephan
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Essen, Germany
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