1
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Tebas P, Jadlowsky JK, Shaw PA, Tian L, Esparza E, Brennan AL, Kim S, Naing SY, Richardson MW, Vogel AN, Maldini CR, Kong H, Liu X, Lacey SF, Bauer AM, Mampe F, Richman LP, Lee G, Ando D, Levine BL, Porter DL, Zhao Y, Siegel DL, Bar KJ, June CH, Riley JL. CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augment HIV-specific immunity to enable post-rebound control of HIV replication. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181576. [PMID: 38690741 PMCID: PMC11060720 DOI: 10.1172/jci181576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
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2
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Gauthier M, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Scholl K, Das S, Yuan H, Hu S, Chen J, Camiolo M, Ray P, Wenzel S, Ray A. Dual role for CXCR3 and CCR5 in asthmatic type 1 inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:113-124.e7. [PMID: 34146578 PMCID: PMC8674372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with severe asthma (SA) fail to respond to type 2 inflammation-targeted therapies. We previously identified a cohort of subjects with SA expressing type 1 inflammation manifesting with IFN-γ expression and variable type 2 responses. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of the chemotactic receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in establishing type 1 inflammation in SA. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage microarray data from the Severe Asthma Research Program I/II were analyzed for pathway expression and paired with clinical parameters. Wild-type, Cxcr3-/-, and Ccr5-/- mice were exposed to a type 1-high SA model with analysis of whole lung gene expression and histology. Wild-type and Cxcr3-/- mice were treated with a US Food and Drug Administration-approved CCR5 inhibitor (maraviroc) with assessment of airway resistance, inflammatory cell recruitment by flow cytometry, whole lung gene expression, and histology. RESULTS A cohort of subjects with increased IFN-γ expression showed higher asthma severity. IFN-γ expression was correlated with CXCR3 and CCR5 expression, but in Cxcr3-/- and Ccr5-/- mice type 1 inflammation was preserved in a murine SA model, most likely owing to compensation by the other pathway. Incorporation of maraviroc into the experimental model blunted airway hyperreactivity despite only mild effects on lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS IFNG expression in asthmatic airways was strongly correlated with expression of both the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5. Although these pathways provide redundancy for establishing type 1 lung inflammation, inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway with maraviroc provided unique benefits in reducing airway hyperreactivity. Targeting this pathway may be a novel approach for improving lung function in individuals with type 1-high asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Kathryn Scholl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; The University of Pittsburgh School of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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3
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Chang XL, Wu HL, Webb GM, Tiwary M, Hughes C, Reed JS, Hwang J, Waytashek C, Boyle C, Pessoa C, Sylwester AW, Morrow D, Belica K, Fischer M, Kelly S, Pourhassan N, Bochart RM, Smedley J, Recknor CP, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. CCR5 Receptor Occupancy Analysis Reveals Increased Peripheral Blood CCR5+CD4+ T Cells Following Treatment With the Anti-CCR5 Antibody Leronlimab. Front Immunol 2021; 12:794638. [PMID: 34868084 PMCID: PMC8640501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 plays a central role in infectious disease, host defense, and cancer progression, thereby making it an ideal target for therapeutic development. Notably, CCR5 is the major HIV entry co-receptor, where its surface density correlates with HIV plasma viremia. The level of CCR5 receptor occupancy (RO) achieved by a CCR5-targeting therapeutic is therefore a critical predictor of its efficacy. However, current methods to measure CCR5 RO lack sensitivity, resulting in high background and overcalculation. Here, we report on two independent, flow cytometric methods of calculating CCR5 RO using the anti-CCR5 antibody, Leronlimab. We show that both methods led to comparable CCR5 RO values, with low background on untreated CCR5+CD4+ T cells and sensitive measurements of occupancy on both blood and tissue-resident CD4+ T cells that correlated longitudinally with plasma concentrations in Leronlimab-treated macaques. Using these assays, we found that Leronlimab stabilized cell surface CCR5, leading to an increase in the levels of circulating and tissue-resident CCR5+CD4+ T cells in vivo in Leronlimab-treated macaques. Weekly Leronlimab treatment in a chronically SIV-infected macaque led to increased CCR5+CD4+ T cells levels and fully suppressed plasma viremia, both concomitant with full CCR5 RO on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that CCR5+CD4+ T cells were protected from viral replication by Leronlimab binding. Finally, we extended these results to Leronlimab-treated humans and found that weekly 700 mg Leronlimab led to complete CCR5 RO on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and a statistically significant increase in CCR5+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. Collectively, these results establish two RO calculation methods for longitudinal monitoring of anti-CCR5 therapeutic antibody blockade efficacy in both macaques and humans, demonstrate that CCR5+CD4+ T cell levels temporarily increase with Leronlimab treatment, and facilitate future detailed investigations into the immunological impacts of CCR5 inhibition in multiple pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao L. Chang
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Helen L. Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gabriela M. Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Meenakshi Tiwary
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Colette Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason S. Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph Hwang
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Courtney Waytashek
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carla Boyle
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cleiton Pessoa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrew W. Sylwester
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Karina Belica
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Miranda Fischer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | | | - Rachele M. Bochart
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Scott G. Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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4
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Richert-Spuhler LE, Mar CM, Shinde P, Wu F, Hong T, Greene E, Hou S, Thomas K, Gottardo R, Mugo N, de Bruyn G, Celum C, Baeten JM, Lingappa JR, Lund JM. CD101 genetic variants modify regulatory and conventional T cell phenotypes and functions. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100322. [PMID: 34195685 PMCID: PMC8233694 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection is increased significantly by variants in the gene encoding CD101, a protein thought to modify inflammatory responses. Using blood samples from individuals with and without these variants, we demonstrate that CD101 variants modify the prevalence of circulating inflammatory cell types and show that CD101 variants are associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine production by circulating T cells. One category of CD101 variants is associated with a reduced capacity of regulatory T cells to suppress T cell cytokine production, resulting in a reduction in the baseline level of immune quiescence. These data are supported by transcriptomics data revealing alterations in the intrinsic regulation of antiviral pathways and HIV resistance genes in individuals with CD101 variants. Our data support the hypothesis that CD101 contributes to homeostatic regulation of bystander inflammation, with CD101 variants altering heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition by facilitating increased prevalence and altered function of T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Richert-Spuhler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Corinne M. Mar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Paurvi Shinde
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Feinan Wu
- Genomics & Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Evan Greene
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sharon Hou
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Katherine Thomas
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guy de Bruyn
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jared M. Baeten
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jairam R. Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Baruah V, Tiwari D, Hazam RK, Bose M, Bujarbaruah D, Saikia AK, Kar P, Dutta S, Bose S. Prognostic, clinical, and therapeutic importance of RANTES-CCR5 axis in hepatitis A infection: A multiapproach study. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3656-3665. [PMID: 32975838 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a lethal manifestation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the importance of the modulation of the RANTES-chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) signaling axis and its immunomodulatory effects in directing hepatitis A disease pathogenesis using an in silico, in vitro and patient cohort-based approach. In silico interaction studies were performed using computation approaches with suitable software. Differential expression of relevant cytokines and immune cell markers were studied using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow-cytometry-based methods. In the HepG2 cell line, we studied inflammatory responses and susceptibility to HAV infection following RANTES stimulation and antibody blockade of CCR5. The HAV-VP3 region exhibited high interaction in CCR5: HAV complexes. RANTES levels were significantly increased in FHF cases. Reduced monocyte and T-cell activation were observed in FHF cases. RANTES expression inversely correlated with viremia but positively correlated with proinflammatory responses. Hyper Th1-biased immune responses, marked by high interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 ratio were observed in FHF cases, which were also characterized by upregulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression and reduced interferon-gamma expression. In vitro, RANTES was protective against HAV infection but resulted in upregulated TNF-α expression. Although viral load increased upon the regulation of inflammatory responses by CCR5 blocking, it was still significantly lower compared to control HAV-infected cells. Our study suggests the importance of RANTES-CCR5 signaling and linked-immunomodulation in HAV disease pathogenesis, as well as highlights the utility of CCR5 antagonists as a risk-reduction strategy in FHF patients. Our findings, therefore, have important implications for the management of high-risk HAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vargab Baruah
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Diptika Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Moumita Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Anjan Kumar Saikia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GNRC Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Premashish Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sangit Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, GMCH Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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6
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Tebas P, Jadlowsky JK, Shaw PA, Tian L, Esparza E, Brennan AL, Kim S, Naing SY, Richardson MW, Vogel AN, Maldini CR, Kong H, Liu X, Lacey SF, Bauer AM, Mampe F, Richman LP, Lee G, Ando D, Levine BL, Porter DL, Zhao Y, Siegel DL, Bar KJ, June CH, Riley JL. CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augment HIV-specific immunity to enable post-rebound control of HIV replication. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144486. [PMID: 33571163 PMCID: PMC8011906 DOI: 10.1172/jci144486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe conducted a phase I clinical trial that infused CCR5 gene-edited CD4+ T cells to determine how these T cells can better enable HIV cure strategies.MethodsThe aim of trial was to develop RNA-based approaches to deliver zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), evaluate the effect of CCR5 gene-edited CD4+ T cells on the HIV-specific T cell response, test the ability of infused CCR5 gene-edited T cells to delay viral rebound during analytical treatment interruption, and determine whether individuals heterozygous for CCR5 Δ32 preferentially benefit. We enrolled 14 individuals living with HIV whose viral load was well controlled by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We measured the time to viral rebound after ART withdrawal, the persistence of CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells, and whether infusion of 10 billion CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augmented the HIV-specific immune response.ResultsInfusion of the CD4+ T cells was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. We observed a modest delay in the time to viral rebound relative to historical controls; however, 3 of the 14 individuals, 2 of whom were heterozygous for CCR5 Δ32, showed post-viral rebound control of viremia, before ultimately losing control of viral replication. Interestingly, only these individuals had substantial restoration of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. We observed immune escape for 1 of these reinvigorated responses at viral recrudescence, illustrating a direct link between viral control and enhanced CD8+ T cell responses.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate how CCR5 gene-edited CD4+ T cell infusion could aid HIV cure strategies by augmenting preexisting HIV-specific immune responses.REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02388594.FundingNIH funding (R01AI104400, UM1AI126620, U19AI149680, T32AI007632) was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Sangamo Therapeutics also provided funding for these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamela A. Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, and
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Esparza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea L. Brennan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ashley N. Vogel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colby R. Maldini
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
| | - Hong Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon F. Lacey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gary Lee
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, California, USA
| | - Dale Ando
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, California, USA
| | - Bruce L. Levine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yangbing Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Don L. Siegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Carl H. June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
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7
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Kim YC, Jeong BH. Strong Association of the rs4986790 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 ( TLR4) Gene with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010036. [PMID: 33396586 PMCID: PMC7823319 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and enters the host cell via CD4 and either CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR) or CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). HIV is directly recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and affects downstream immune-related signal pathways. In addition, stimulated TLR4 inhibits HIV-1 invasion, and the rs4986790 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (D299G) of the TLR4 gene contributes to the risk of HIV-1 infection in an Indian population. To evaluate whether the rs4986790 SNP of the TLR4 gene is related to vulnerability to HIV-1 infection, we collected genetic information from HIV-1 patients in previous studies and performed an association analysis with a matched control population obtained from the 1000 Genomes Project. In addition, to strengthen the results of association analysis, we performed a meta-analysis. We identified a strong association between the rs4986791 SNP and susceptibility to HIV infection in HIV-infected patients in previous studies and a matched control population obtained from the 1000 Genomes Project. In addition, we found that the G allele of the rs4986791 SNP in the TLR4 gene is strongly related to susceptibility to HIV infection in three Caucasian populations (odd ratio = 2.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.72–3.07, p = 1.438 × 10−7) and all four populations (odd ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.74–2.84, p = 2 × 10−10) in a meta-analysis. To the best our knowledge, this was the first meta-analysis on the association between the rs4986791 SNP of the TLR4 gene and susceptibility to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-900-4040; Fax: +82-63-900-4012
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Canavan M, Marzaioli V, McGarry T, Bhargava V, Nagpal S, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment induces metabolic and functional adaptations in dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:226-238. [PMID: 32557565 PMCID: PMC7597596 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which causes degradation of cartilage and bone. It is well appreciated that the pathogenic hallmark of RA is the mass influx of inflammatory cells into the joint. However, the role that dendritic cells (DC) may play in this inflammatory milieu is still relatively unexplored. Moreover, the contribution this unique synovial microenvironment has on DC maturation is still unknown. Using monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), we established an in-vitro model to recapitulate the synovial microenvironment to explore DC maturation. MoDC treated with conditioned media from ex-vivo synovial tissue biopsy cultures [explant-conditioned media (ECM)] have increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. ECM DC have increased expression of CD83 and CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)7 and decreased expression of CCR5 and phagocytic capacity, suggestive of heightened DC maturation. ECM-induced maturation is concomitant with altered cellular bioenergetics, whereby increased expression of glycolytic genes and increased glucose uptake are observed in ECM DC. Collectively, this results in a metabolic shift in DC metabolism in favour of glycolysis. These adaptations are in-part mediated via signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), as demonstrated by decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and glycolytic genes in ECM DC in response to STAT-3 inhibition. Finally, to translate these data to a more in-vivo clinically relevant setting, RNA-seq was performed on RA synovial fluid and peripheral blood. We identified enhanced expression of a number of glycolytic genes in synovial CD1c+ DC compared to CD1c+ DC in circulation. Collectively, our data suggest that the synovial microenvironment in RA contributes to DC maturation and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Canavan
- Molecular RheumatologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, EULAR Centre of ExcellenceSt. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - V. Marzaioli
- Molecular RheumatologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, EULAR Centre of ExcellenceSt. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - T. McGarry
- Molecular RheumatologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - V. Bhargava
- ImmunologyJanssen Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePAUSA
| | - S. Nagpal
- ImmunologyJanssen Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePAUSA
| | - D. J. Veale
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, EULAR Centre of ExcellenceSt. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - U. Fearon
- Molecular RheumatologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, EULAR Centre of ExcellenceSt. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College DublinDublinIreland
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9
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Carvalho-Silva WHV, Andrade-Santos JL, Guedes MCDS, Crovella S, Guimarães RL. CCR5 genotype and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count influence immunological recovery of HIV-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy. Gene 2020; 741:144568. [PMID: 32165289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the association of CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A polymorphisms with immunological recovery failure and to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and clinical data on immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Two hundred and forty-eight HIV-positive patients under ART with undetectable plasma viral load (<40 copies/mL) were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups according to their CD4+ T-cell count changes: immunological responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain ≥ 200/µL or ≥ 30% compared with baseline) and immunological non-responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain < 200/µL or < 30% compared with baseline). DNA extraction was performed followed by CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A genotyping. Sociodemographic and clinical data were evaluated from medical records. The logistic regression model showed that heterozygosity for CCR5Δ32 allele and lower pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count (<500 cells/µL) were statistically associated with immunological recovery failure (OR = 5.873, 95%CI = 1.204-28.633, P = 0.028 and OR = 10.00, 95%CI = 3.224-31.016, P = 0.028, respectively). No association of SDF1-3'A polymorphism with immune reconstitution failure was found. Additionally, we observed that there was a statistically significant difference between lower CD4+ T-cell count and INR status than the IR group (Z = 4.687, P < 0.001). Our results demonstrated, through a logistic regression model, that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count have significant influence on immune reconstitution of HIV-positive patients during ART. These findings highlight some immunological factors associated with poor CD4+ T-lymphocytes recovery, which affect immune response level of ART-treated HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Leandro Andrade-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Dos Santos Guedes
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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10
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Mirlekar B, Michaud D, Lee SJ, Kren NP, Harris C, Greene K, Goldman EC, Gupta GP, Fields RC, Hawkins WG, DeNardo DG, Rashid NU, Yeh JJ, McRee AJ, Vincent BG, Vignali DAA, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. B cell-Derived IL35 Drives STAT3-Dependent CD8 + T-cell Exclusion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:292-308. [PMID: 32024640 PMCID: PMC7056532 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a paucity of tumor-proximal CD8+ T cells and resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. Cancer-associated mechanisms that elicit CD8+ T-cell exclusion and resistance to immunotherapy are not well-known. Here, using a Kras- and p53-driven model of PDA, we describe a mechanism of action for the protumorigenic cytokine IL35 through STAT3 activation in CD8+ T cells. Distinct from its action on CD4+ T cells, IL35 signaling in gp130+CD8+ T cells activated the transcription factor STAT3, which antagonized intratumoral infiltration and effector function of CD8+ T cells via suppression of CXCR3, CCR5, and IFNγ expression. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling in tumor-educated CD8+ T cells improved PDA growth control upon adoptive transfer to tumor-bearing mice. We showed that activation of STAT3 in CD8+ T cells was driven by B cell- but not regulatory T cell-specific production of IL35. We also demonstrated that B cell-specific deletion of IL35 facilitated CD8+ T-cell activation independently of effector or regulatory CD4+ T cells and was sufficient to phenocopy therapeutic anti-IL35 blockade in overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we identified a circulating IL35+ B-cell subset in patients with PDA and demonstrated that the presence of IL35+ cells predicted increased occurrence of phosphorylated (p)Stat3+CXCR3-CD8+ T cells in tumors and inversely correlated with a cytotoxic T-cell signature in patients. Together, these data identified B cell-mediated IL35/gp130/STAT3 signaling as an important direct link to CD8+ T-cell exclusion and immunotherapy resistance in PDA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/immunology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Michaud
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel J Lee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nancy P Kren
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cameron Harris
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily C Goldman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Naim U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Autumn J McRee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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11
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Li J. Advances toward a cure for HIV: getting beyond n=2. Top Antivir Med 2020; 27:91-95. [PMID: 32224499 PMCID: PMC7162679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a cure for HIV remains a priority in HIV research. Two cases of 'sterilizing cure' have been observed-in Timothy Ray Brown and the "London" patient; both patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from donors homozygous for the CCR5-delta 32 deletion, which impairs function of an HIV coreceptor on host cells. Other strategies that have been evaluated for achieving sterilizing cure or functional cure--ie, sustained virologic remission in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-include: HSCT with wild-type CC chemokine receptor (CCR5); early ART to limit size of the HIV latent reservoir; shock and kill strategies using latency reversing agents and/or anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies; and gene therapy, including attempts to modify CCR5 genes, HIV proviruses in autologous host cells, or enhanced T cells. This article summarizes a presentation by Jonathan Li, MD, MMSc, at the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) continuing education program held in Atlanta, Georgia, in March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Jiao X, Nawab O, Patel T, Kossenkov AV, Halama N, Jaeger D, Pestell RG. Recent Advances Targeting CCR5 for Cancer and Its Role in Immuno-Oncology. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4801-4807. [PMID: 31292161 PMCID: PMC6810651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experiments of nature have revealed the peculiar importance of the G-protein-coupled receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), in human disease since ancient times. The resurgence of interest in heterotypic signals in the onset and progression of tumorigenesis has led to the current focus on CCR5 as an exciting new therapeutic target for metastatic cancer with clinical trials now targeting breast and colon cancer. The eutopic expression of CCR5 activates calcium signaling and thereby augments regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. The misexpression of CCR5 in epithelial cells, induced upon oncogenic transformation, hijacks this migratory phenotype. CCR5 reexpression augments resistance to DNA-damaging agents and is sufficient to induce cancer metastasis and "stemness". Recent studies suggest important cross-talk between CCR5 signaling and immune checkpoint function. Because CCR5 on Tregs serves as the coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry, CCR5-targeted therapeutics used in HIV, [small molecules (maraviroc and vicriviroc) and a humanized mAb (leronlimab)], are now being repositioned in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics. As CCR5 is expressed on a broad array of tumors, the opportunity for therapeutic repositioning and the rationale for combination therapy approaches are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Nawab
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | - Tejal Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | | | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor-Immunity, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Arendt V, Amand M, Iserentant G, Lemaire M, Masquelier C, Ndayisaba GF, Verhofstede C, Karita E, Allen S, Chevigné A, Schmit J, Bercoff DP, Seguin‐Devaux C. Predominance of the heterozygous CCR5 delta-24 deletion in African individuals resistant to HIV infection might be related to a defect in CCR5 addressing at the cell surface. J Int AIDS Soc 2019; 22:e25384. [PMID: 31486251 PMCID: PMC6727025 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the main co-receptor for R5-tropic HIV-1 variants. We have previously described a novel 24-base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 among individuals from Rwanda. Here, we investigated the prevalence of hCCR5Δ24 in different cohorts and its impact on CCR5 expression and HIV-1 infection in vitro. METHODS We screened hCCR5Δ24 in a total of 3232 individuals which were either HIV-1 uninfected, high-risk HIV-1 seronegative and seropositive partners from serodiscordant couples, Long-Term Survivors, or HIV-1 infected volunteers from Africa (Rwanda, Kenya, Guinea-Conakry) and Luxembourg, using a real-time PCR assay. The role of the 24-base pair deletion on CCR5 expression and HIV infection was assessed in cell lines and PBMC using mRNA quantification, confocal analysis, flow and imaging cytometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among the 1661 patients from Rwanda, 12 individuals were heterozygous for hCCR5Δ24 but none were homozygous. Although heterozygosity for this allele may not confer complete resistance to HIV-1 infection, the prevalence of the mutation was 2.41% (95%CI: 0.43; 8.37) in 83 Long-Term Survivors (LTS) and 0.99% (95%CI: 0.45; 2.14) in 613 HIV-1 exposed seronegative members as compared with 0.35% (95% Cl: 0.06; 1.25) in 579 HIV-1 seropositive members. The prevalence of hCCR5Δ24 was 0.55% (95%CI: 0.15; 1.69) in 547 infants from Kenya but the mutation was not detected in 224 infants from Guinea-Conakry nor in 800 Caucasian individuals from Luxembourg. Expression of hCCR5Δ24 in cell lines and PBMC showed that the hCCR5Δ24 protein is stably expressed but is not transported to the plasma membrane due to a conformational change. Instead, the mutant receptor was retained intracellularly, colocalized with an endoplasmic reticulum marker and did not mediate HIV-1 infection. Co-transfection of hCCR5Δ24 and wtCCR5 did not indicate a transdominant negative effect of CCR5Δ24 on wtCCR5. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that hCCR5Δ24 is not expressed at the cell surface. This could explain the higher prevalence of the heterozygous hCCR5Δ24 in LTS and HIV-1 exposed seronegative members from serodiscordant couples. Our data suggest an East-African localization of this deletion, which needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts from African and non-African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Arendt
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de LuxembourgNational Service of Infectious DiseasesLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Mathieu Amand
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Gilles Iserentant
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Morgane Lemaire
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Cécile Masquelier
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | | | - Chris Verhofstede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyAIDS Reference LaboratoryGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Etienne Karita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Susan Allen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Jean‐Claude Schmit
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Danielle Perez Bercoff
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Carole Seguin‐Devaux
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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14
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Delery E, Bohannon DG, Irons DL, Allers C, Sugimoto C, Cai Y, Merino KM, Amedee AM, Veazey RS, MacLean A, Kuroda MJ, Kim WK. Lack of susceptibility in neonatally infected rhesus macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus-induced encephalitis. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:578-588. [PMID: 31119711 PMCID: PMC6751025 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite combination antiretroviral therapies making HIV a chronic rather than terminal condition for many people, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is increasing. This is especially problematic for children living with HIV. Children diagnosed HAND rarely display the hallmark pathology of HIV encephalitis in adults, namely infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the brain. This finding has also been documented in rhesus macaques infected perinatally with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). However, the extent and mechanisms of lack of susceptibility to encephalitis in perinatally HIV-infected children remain unclear. In the current study, we compared brains of macaques infected with pathogenic strains of SIV at different ages to determine neuropathology, correlates of neuroinflammation, and potential underlying mechanisms. Encephalitis was not found in the macaques infected within 24 h of birth despite similar high plasma viral load and high monocyte turnover. Macaques developed encephalitis only when they were infected after 4 months of age. Lower numbers of CCR5-positive cells in the brain, combined with a less leaky blood-brain barrier, may be responsible for the decreased virus infection in the brain and consequently the absence of encephalitis in newborn macaques infected with SIV.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/virology
- Brain Stem/immunology
- Brain Stem/pathology
- Brain Stem/virology
- Capillary Permeability/immunology
- Disease Resistance
- Encephalitis, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis, Viral/pathology
- Encephalitis, Viral/virology
- Frontal Lobe/immunology
- Frontal Lobe/pathology
- Frontal Lobe/virology
- Gene Expression
- Macaca mulatta/virology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Macrophages/virology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Monocytes/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/physiology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Delery
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Diana G Bohannon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Derek L Irons
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Chie Sugimoto
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yanhui Cai
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Angela M Amedee
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Andrew MacLean
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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15
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Feng WY, Zhong YG. Role of Th 1- and Th 2- Chemokine Receptor in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 31232025 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic and prognostic role of Th-1 chemokine receptor and Th-2 chemokine receptor in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia has not been investigated extensively so far. In this study, our goal is to explore the diagnostic and prognostic role of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. METHODS The expression levels of CCR3 and CCR5 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pa-tients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and healthy subjects. The relationship between the expression levels of CCR3 and CCR5 and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of CCR3 and CCR5 as biomarkers to discriminate primary immune thrombocytopenia patients from healthy subjects was determined. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to determine the prognosis value of CCR3 and CCR5 in primary immune thrombocytopenia. The outcome of primary immune thrombocytopenia patients was also evaluated. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, the expression level of CCR3 was significantly downregulated and CCR5 was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). The expression levels of CCR3 and CCR5 were significantly correlated with bleeding times and platelet counts at diagnosis (p < 0.05). CCR3 and CCR5 could act as a suitable biomarker for differentiating the primary immune thrombocytopenia patients from healthy subjects. CCR3 and CCR5 were independent prognostic factors. Overexpression of CCR5 and low expression of CCR3 lead to poor clinical benefits and indicated poor prognosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, our results suggested that CCR3 and CCR5 could act as suitable biomarkers and indicated poor prognosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR/immunology
- Receptors, CCR/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR3/immunology
- Receptors, CCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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16
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Dyer DP, Medina-Ruiz L, Bartolini R, Schuette F, Hughes CE, Pallas K, Vidler F, Macleod MKL, Kelly CJ, Lee KM, Hansell CAH, Graham GJ. Chemokine Receptor Redundancy and Specificity Are Context Dependent. Immunity 2019; 50:378-389.e5. [PMID: 30784579 PMCID: PMC6382461 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, we lack an understanding of the individual and combinatorial roles for chemokine receptors in the inflammatory process. We report studies on mice with a compound deletion of Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3, and Ccr5, which together control monocytic and eosinophilic recruitment to resting and inflamed sites. Analysis of resting tissues from these mice, and mice deficient in each individual receptor, provides clear evidence for redundant use of these receptors in establishing tissue-resident monocytic cell populations. In contrast, analysis of cellular recruitment to inflamed sites provides evidence of specificity of receptor use for distinct leukocyte subtypes and no indication of comprehensive redundancy. We find no evidence of involvement of any of these receptors in the recruitment of neutrophils or lymphocytes to resting or acutely inflamed tissues. Our data shed important light on combinatorial inflammatory chemokine receptor function and highlight Ccr2 as the primary driver of myelomonocytic cell recruitment in acutely inflamed contexts.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR/genetics
- Receptors, CCR/immunology
- Receptors, CCR/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR1/immunology
- Receptors, CCR1/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/immunology
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR3/immunology
- Receptors, CCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Fabian Schuette
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kenneth Pallas
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Megan K L Macleod
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Christopher A H Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK.
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OhAinle M, Helms L, Vermeire J, Roesch F, Humes D, Basom R, Delrow JJ, Overbaugh J, Emerman M. A virus-packageable CRISPR screen identifies host factors mediating interferon inhibition of HIV. eLife 2018; 7:e39823. [PMID: 30520725 PMCID: PMC6286125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) inhibits HIV replication by inducing antiviral effectors. To comprehensively identify IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, we assembled a CRISPR sgRNA library of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) into a modified lentiviral vector that allows for packaging of sgRNA-encoding genomes in trans into budding HIV-1 particles. We observed that knockout of Zinc Antiviral Protein (ZAP) improved the performance of the screen due to ZAP-mediated inhibition of the vector. A small panel of IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, including MxB, IFITM1, Tetherin/BST2 and TRIM5alpha together explain the inhibitory effects of IFN on the CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strain, HIV-1LAI, in THP-1 cells. A second screen with a CCR5-tropic primary strain, HIV-1Q23.BG505, described an overlapping, but non-identical, panel of restriction factors. Further, this screen also identifies HIV dependency factors. The ability of IFN-induced restriction factors to inhibit HIV strains to replicate in human cells suggests that these human restriction factors are incompletely antagonized. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly OhAinle
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Louisa Helms
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Ferdinand Roesch
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Daryl Humes
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared ResourceFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared ResourceFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
| | - Michael Emerman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWashingtonUnited States
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Obregon-Perko V, Hodara VL, Parodi LM, Giavedoni LD. Baboon CD8 T cells suppress SIVmac infection in CD4 T cells through contact-dependent production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. Cytokine 2018; 111:408-419. [PMID: 29807688 PMCID: PMC6261791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques is often characterized by high viremia and CD4 T cell depletion. By contrast, SIV infection in African nonhuman primate natural hosts is typically nonpathogenic despite active viral replication. Baboons are abundant in Africa and have a geographical distribution that overlaps with natural hosts, but they do not harbor SIVs. Previous work has demonstrated baboons are resistant to chronic SIV infection and/or disease in vivo but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using in vitro SIVmac infections, we sought to identify SIV restriction factors in baboons by comparing observations to the pathogenic rhesus macaque model. SIVmac replicated in baboon PBMC but had delayed kinetics compared to rhesus PBMC. However, SIVmac replication in baboon and rhesus isolated CD4 cells were similar to the kinetics seen for rhesus PBMC, demonstrating intracellular restriction factors do not play a strong role in baboon inhibition of SIVmac replication. Here, we show CD8 T cells contribute to the innate SIV-suppressive activity seen in naïve baboon PBMC. As one mechanism of restriction, we identified higher production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES by baboon PBMC. Contact between CD4 and CD8 T cells resulted in maximum production of these chemokines and suppression of viral replication, whereas neutralization of CCR5-binding chemokines in baboon PBMC increased viral loads. Our studies indicate baboon natural restriction of SIVmac replication is largely dependent on CD4-extrinsinc mechanisms mediated, in part, by CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Obregon-Perko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Vida L Hodara
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Laura M Parodi
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
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19
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Basova L, Najera JA, Bortell N, Wang D, Moya R, Lindsey A, Semenova S, Ellis RJ, Marcondes MCG. Dopamine and its receptors play a role in the modulation of CCR5 expression in innate immune cells following exposure to Methamphetamine: Implications to HIV infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199861. [PMID: 29944719 PMCID: PMC6019408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects cells in the Central Nervous System (CNS), where the access of antiretrovirals and antibodies that can kill the virus may be challenging. As a result of the early HIV entry in the brain, infected individuals develop inflammation and neurological deficits at various levels, which are aggravated by drugs of abuse. In the non-human primate model of HIV, we have previously shown that drugs of abuse such as Methamphetamine (Meth) increase brain viral load in correlation with a higher number of CCR5-expressing myeloid cells. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that may be involved in increasing inflammation, but also, it is a co-receptor for viral entry into target cells. CCR5-expressing myeloid cells are the main targets of HIV in the CNS. Thus, the identification of factors and mechanisms that impact the expression of CCR5 in the brain is critical, as changes in CCR5 levels may affect the infection in the brain. Using a well-characterized in vitro system, with the THP1 human macrophage cell line, we have investigated the hypothesis that the expression of CCR5 is acutely affected by Meth, and examined pathways by which this effect could happen. We found that Meth plays a direct role by regulating the abundance and nuclear translocation of transcription factors with binding sites in the CCR5 promoter. However, we found that the main factor that modifies the CCR5 gene promoter at the epigenetic level towards transcription is Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter that is produced primarily in brain regions that are rich in dopaminergic neurons. In THP1 cells, the effect of DA on innate immune CCR5 transcription was mediated by DA receptors (DRDs), mainly DRD4. We also identified a role for DRD1 in suppressing CCR5 expression in this myeloid cell system, with potential implications for therapy. The effect of DA on innate immune CCR5 expression was also detectable on the cell surface during acute time-points, using low doses. In addition, HIV Tat acted by enhancing the surface expression of CCR5, in spite of its poor effect on transcription. Overall, our data suggests that the exposure of myeloid cells to Meth in the context of presence of HIV peptides such as Tat, may affect the number of HIV targets by modulating CCR5 expression, through a combination of DA-dependent and–independent mechanisms. Other drugs that increase DA may affect similar mechanisms. The implications of these epigenetic and translational mechanisms in enhancing HIV infection in the brain and elsewhere are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Najera
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Nikki Bortell
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Rosita Moya
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander Lindsey
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Douek DC. HIV Infection: Advances Toward a Cure. Top Antivir Med 2018; 25:121-125. [PMID: 29689537 PMCID: PMC5935215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Achieving cure of HIV infection requires eliminating all replication-competent virus from the reservoir of latently infected cells or completely inhibiting infected cells from emerging from latency. Strategies include very early use of antiretroviral therapy; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; "shock-and-kill" approaches; immune therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors; gene therapy, including use of CC chemokine receptor 5-modified CD4+ T cells; and broadly neutralizing antibody therapy. Success is likely to require a combination of approaches. This article summarizes a presentation by Daniel C. Douek, MD, PhD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in Berkeley, California, in May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Baragetti A, Ramirez GA, Magnoni M, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Berteotti M, Scotti I, Bozzolo E, Berti A, Camici PG, Catapano AL, Manfredi AA, Ammirati E, Norata GD. Disease trends over time and CD4 +CCR5 + T-cells expansion predict carotid atherosclerosis development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:53-63. [PMID: 29150407 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) present increased cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population. Few studies have assessed the long-term development and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in SLE patients. Our aim was to investigate the association of clinical and laboratory markers of disease activity and classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) with carotid atherosclerosis development in SLE patients in a prospective 5-year study. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical history and information on principal CVRFs were collected at baseline and after 5 years in 40 SLE patients (36 women, mean age 42 ± 9 years; 14.4 ± 7 years of mean disease duration) and 50 age-matched controls. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography was employed to quantify the atherosclerotic burden at baseline and at follow up. Clinimetrics were applied to assess SLE activity over time (SLEDAI). The association between basal circulating T cell subsets (including CD4+CCR5+; CD4+CXCR3+; CD4+HLADR+; CD4+CD45RA+RO-, CD4+CD45RO+RA- and their subsets) and atherosclerosis development was evaluated. During the 5-year follow up, 32% of SLE patients, developed carotid atherosclerosis compared to 4% of controls. Furthermore, considering SLEDAI changes over time, patients within the highest tertile were those with increased incidence of carotid atherosclerosis independently of CVRF. In addition, increased levels of CD4+CCR5+ T cells were independently associated with the development of carotid atherosclerosis in SLE patients. CONCLUSION Serial clinical evaluations over time, rather than a single point estimation of disease activity or CVRF burden, are required to define the risk of carotid atherosclerosis development in SLE patients. Specific T cell subsets are associated with long-term atherosclerotic progression and may further be of help in predicting vascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - G A Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Magnoni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - L Grigore
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - M Berteotti
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - I Scotti
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - E Bozzolo
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Berti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Camici
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - A A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ammirati
- Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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22
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Abstract
We describe a methodology to map epitopes of monoclonal antibodies that bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The method relies on an amber codon suppression strategy to genetically encode photo-activatable cross-linkers, such as p-azido-L-phenylalanine (azF) or p-benzoly-L-phenylalanine (BzF), in GPCRs expressed in mammalian cells in culture. Individual receptor variants that harbor a site-specific photo-crosslinker residue can be assayed for functional activity in standard cell-based assays. The interaction sites between the receptor variants and an antibody can be mapped by determining which of the azF or BzF residues cross-link to the antibody upon UV irradiation. A whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to quantiate cross-linking efficiency. A binding "footprint" of the antibody of the surface of the receptor is obtained by comparing the sites of amino acid replacements that cause loss of antibody binding with those that create colvalent cross-links with bound antibody. The precision of the receptor-antibody binding-site map is determined by the number of mutants tested and whether or not high resolution crystal structures or homology models are available. The targeted photo-cross-linking method is complementary to loss-of-function mutagenesis and is especially useful to study anti-receptor antibodies with discontinuous epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections lead to a progressive loss of CD4 T cells primarily via the process of apoptosis. With a limited number of infected cells and vastly disproportionate apoptosis in HIV infected patients, it is believed that apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells plays a significant role in this process. Disease progression in HIV infected individuals is highly variable suggesting that both host and viral factors may influence HIV mediated apoptosis. Amongst the viral factors, the role of Envelope (Env) glycoprotein in bystander apoptosis is well documented. Recent evidence on the variability in apoptosis induction by primary patient derived Envs underscores the role of Env glycoprotein in HIV disease. Amongst the host factors, the role of C-C Chemokine Receptor type 5 (CCR5), a coreceptor for HIV Env, is also becoming increasingly evident. Polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene and promoter affect CCR5 cell surface expression and correlate with both apoptosis and CD4 loss. Finally, chronic immune activation in HIV infections induces multiple defects in the immune system and has recently been shown to accelerate HIV Env mediated CD4 apoptosis. Consequently, those factors that affect CCR5 expression and/or immune activation in turn indirectly regulate HIV mediated apoptosis making this phenomenon both complex and multifactorial. This review explores the complex role of various host and viral factors in determining HIV mediated bystander apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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24
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Zaitseva E, Zaitsev E, Melikov K, Arakelyan A, Marin M, Villasmil R, Margolis LB, Melikyan GB, Chernomordik LV. Fusion Stage of HIV-1 Entry Depends on Virus-Induced Cell Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:99-110.e7. [PMID: 28704658 PMCID: PMC5558241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 entry into host cells starts with interactions between the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) and cellular CD4 receptors and coreceptors. Previous work has suggested that efficient HIV entry also depends on intracellular signaling, but this remains controversial. Here we report that formation of the pre-fusion Env-CD4-coreceptor complexes triggers non-apoptotic cell surface exposure of the membrane lipid phosphatidylserine (PS). HIV-1-induced PS redistribution depends on Ca2+ signaling triggered by Env-coreceptor interactions and involves the lipid scramblase TMEM16F. Externalized PS strongly promotes Env-mediated membrane fusion and HIV-1 infection. Blocking externalized PS or suppressing TMEM16F inhibited Env-mediated fusion. Exogenously added PS promoted fusion, with fusion dependence on PS being especially strong for cells with low surface density of coreceptors. These findings suggest that cell-surface PS acts as an important cofactor that promotes the fusogenic restructuring of pre-fusion complexes and likely focuses the infection on cells conducive to PS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zaitseva
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene Zaitsev
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamran Melikov
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonid B Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory B Melikyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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25
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Antiga E, Maglie R, Volpi W, Bianchi B, Berti E, Marzano AV, Caproni M. T helper type 1-related molecules as well as interleukin-15 are hyperexpressed in the skin lesions of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:383-391. [PMID: 28518224 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, immune-mediated skin disease classified into the group of neutrophilic dermatoses. Although a number of studies confirmed the central role of innate immunity, only few studies have investigated the possible contributing role of acquired immunity. In particular, no reports concerning T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells are available as yet. Therefore, 15 patients with PG, five with Sweet's syndrome (SS) and nine skin specimens from healthy controls (HC) were investigated, evaluating the expression of Th1-related markers interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), of the Th2-related molecules IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and CCR3, of the co-stimulatory axis CD40/CD40 ligand, of IL-15 and the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56 in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. Patients with PG and SS showed a higher expression of Th1 markers than HC. Conversely, IL-5- and CCR3-expressing cells were less numerous in PG skin lesions compared to SS (P = 0·0157 and < 0·0001, respectively). Both CD40 and CD40L were expressed more in PG than in SS and HC (P < 0·0001 for both). Finally, the number of IL-15+ and CD56+ cells was higher in the skin of patients with PG than in those of SS and HC (P < 0·0001 for both). Our results suggest that Th2 cells are down-regulated in PG. At the same time, over-expression of the co-stimulatory axis CD40/CD40L amplifies the impairment of the Th1/Th2 balance. Both these findings might explain the most aggressive behaviour of PG in comparison to SS. Moreover, over-expression of IL-15+ and CD56+ cells may suggest a possible role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antiga
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Maglie
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - W Volpi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - B Bianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Berti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A V Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Caproni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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26
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Asmal M, Lane S, Tian M, Nickel G, Venner C, Dirk B, Dikeakos J, Luedemann C, Mach L, Balachandran H, Buzby A, Rao S, Letvin N, Gao Y, Arts EJ. Pathogenic infection of Rhesus macaques by an evolving SIV-HIV derived from CCR5-using envelope genes of acute HIV-1 infections. Virology 2016; 499:298-312. [PMID: 27723488 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For studies on vaccines and therapies for HIV disease, SIV-HIV chimeric viruses harboring the HIV-1 env gene (SHIVenv) remain the best virus in non-human primate models. However, there are still very few SHIVenv viruses that can cause AIDS in non-CD8-depleted animals. In the present study, a recently created CCR5-using SHIVenv_B3 virus with env gene derived from acute/early HIV-1 infections (AHI) successfully established pathogenic infection in macaques. Through a series of investigations on the evolution, mutational profile, and phenotype of the virus and the resultant humoral immune response in infected rhesus macaques, we found that the E32K mutation in the Env C1 domain was associated with macaque pathogenesis, and that the electrostatic interactions in Env may favor E32K at the gp120 N terminus and "lock" the binding to heptad repeat 1 of gp41 in the trimer and produce a SHIVenv with increased fitness and pathogenesis during macaque infections.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Products, env/chemistry
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- HIV Infections/genetics
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/classification
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- HIV-1/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Macaca mulatta
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/classification
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asmal
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sophie Lane
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meijuan Tian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Nickel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Colin Venner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brennan Dirk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Corinne Luedemann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linh Mach
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harikrishnan Balachandran
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adam Buzby
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Norman Letvin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eric J Arts
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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27
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Swanstrom AE, Haggarty B, Jordan APO, Romano J, Leslie GJ, Aye PP, Marx PA, Lackner AA, Del Prete GQ, Robinson JE, Betts MR, Montefiori DC, LaBranche CC, Hoxie JA. Derivation and Characterization of a CD4-Independent, Non-CD4-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. J Virol 2016; 90:4966-4980. [PMID: 26937037 PMCID: PMC4859711 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02851-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD4 tropism is conserved among all primate lentiviruses and likely contributes to viral pathogenesis by targeting cells that are critical for adaptive antiviral immune responses. Although CD4-independent variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been described that can utilize the coreceptor CCR5 or CXCR4 in the absence of CD4, these viruses typically retain their CD4 binding sites and still can interact with CD4. We describe the derivation of a novel CD4-independent variant of pathogenic SIVmac239, termed iMac239, that was used to derive an infectious R5-tropic SIV lacking a CD4 binding site. Of the seven mutations that differentiate iMac239 from wild-type SIVmac239, a single change (D178G) in the V1/V2 region was sufficient to confer CD4 independence in cell-cell fusion assays, although other mutations were required for replication competence. Like other CD4-independent viruses, iMac239 was highly neutralization sensitive, although mutations were identified that could confer CD4-independent infection without increasing its neutralization sensitivity. Strikingly, iMac239 retained the ability to replicate in cell lines and primary cells even when its CD4 binding site had been ablated by deletion of a highly conserved aspartic acid at position 385, which, for HIV-1, plays a critical role in CD4 binding. iMac239, with and without the D385 deletion, exhibited an expanded host range in primary rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells that included CCR5(+) CD8(+) T cells. As the first non-CD4-tropic SIV, iMac239-ΔD385 will afford the opportunity to directly assess the in vivo role of CD4 targeting on pathogenesis and host immune responses. IMPORTANCE CD4 tropism is an invariant feature of primate lentiviruses and likely plays a key role in pathogenesis by focusing viral infection onto cells that mediate adaptive immune responses and in protecting virions attached to cells from neutralizing antibodies. Although CD4-independent viruses are well described for HIV and SIV, these viruses characteristically retain their CD4 binding site and can engage CD4 if available. We derived a novel CD4-independent, CCR5-tropic variant of the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239, termed iMac239. The genetic determinants of iMac239's CD4 independence provide new insights into mechanisms that underlie this phenotype. This virus remained replication competent even after its CD4 binding site had been ablated by mutagenesis. As the first truly non-CD4-tropic SIV, lacking the capacity to interact with CD4, iMac239 will provide the unique opportunity to evaluate SIV pathogenesis and host immune responses in the absence of the immunomodulatory effects of CD4(+) T cell targeting and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Swanstrom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Haggarty
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea P O Jordan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josephine Romano
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George J Leslie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Preston A Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James A Hoxie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Abstract
The apparent cure of an HIV-infected person following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an allogeneic donor homozygous for the ccr5Δ32 mutation has stimulated the search for strategies to eradicate HIV or to induce long-term remission without requiring ongoing antiretroviral therapy. A variety of approaches, including allogeneic HSCT from CCR5-deficient donors and autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells, are currently under investigation. This Review covers the experience with HSCT in HIV infection to date and provides a survey of ongoing work in the field. The challenges of developing HSCT for HIV cure in the context of safe, effective, and convenient once-daily antiretroviral therapy are also discussed.
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29
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Joag VR, McKinnon LR, Liu J, Kidane ST, Yudin MH, Nyanga B, Kimwaki S, Besel KE, Obila JO, Huibner S, Oyugi JO, Arthos J, Anzala O, Kimani J, Ostrowski MA, Kaul R. Identification of preferential CD4+ T-cell targets for HIV infection in the cervix. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1-12. [PMID: 25872482 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the cellular targets of HIV infection in the female genital tract may inform HIV prevention efforts. Proposed correlates of cellular susceptibility include the HIV co-receptor CCR5, peripheral homing integrins, and immune activation. We used a CCR5-tropic pseudovirus to quantify HIV entry into unstimulated endocervical CD4(+) T cells collected by cytobrush. Virus entry was threefold higher into cervix-derived CD4(+) T cells than blood, but was strongly correlated between these two compartments. Cervix-derived CD4(+) T cells expressing CD69, α(4)β(7), or α(4)β(1) were preferential HIV targets; this enhanced susceptibility was strongly correlated with increased CCR5 expression in α(4)β(7)(+) and CD69(+) CD4(+) T cells, and to a lesser extent in α(4)β(1)(+) CD4(+) T cells. Direct binding of gp140 to integrins was not observed, integrin inhibitors had no effect on virus entry, and pseudotypes with an env that preferentially binds α(4)β(7) still demonstrated enhanced entry into α(4)β(1)(+) cells. In summary, a rapid and sensitive HIV entry assay demonstrated enhanced susceptibility of activated endocervical CD4(+) T cells, and those expressing α(4)β(7) or α(4)β(1). This may relate to increased CCR5 expression by these cell subsets, but did not appear to be due to direct interaction of α(4)β(7) or α(4)β(1) with HIV envelope.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cervix Uteri/immunology
- Cervix Uteri/virology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Integrin alpha4beta1/genetics
- Integrin alpha4beta1/immunology
- Integrins/genetics
- Integrins/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Organ Specificity
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Virus Internalization
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Joag
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S T Kidane
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M H Yudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Nyanga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Kimwaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K E Besel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J O Obila
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J O Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Arthos
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - O Anzala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Chain B, Arnold J, Akthar S, Brandt M, Davis D, Noursadeghi M, Lapp T, Ji C, Sankuratri S, Zhang Y, Govada L, Saridakis E, Chayen N. A Linear Epitope in the N-Terminal Domain of CCR5 and Its Interaction with Antibody. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128381. [PMID: 26030924 PMCID: PMC4451072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCR5 receptor plays a role in several key physiological and pathological processes and is an important therapeutic target. Inhibition of the CCR5 axis by passive or active immunisation offers one very selective strategy for intervention. In this study we define a new linear epitope within the extracellular domain of CCR5 recognised by two independently produced monoclonal antibodies. A short peptide encoding the linear epitope can induce antibodies which recognise the intact receptor when administered colinear with a tetanus toxoid helper T cell epitope. The monoclonal antibody RoAb 13 is shown to bind to both cells and peptide with moderate to high affinity (6x10^8 and 1.2x107 M-1 respectively), and binding to the peptide is enhanced by sulfation of tyrosines at positions 10 and 14. RoAb13, which has previously been shown to block HIV infection, also blocks migration of monocytes in response to CCR5 binding chemokines and to inflammatory macrophage conditioned medium. A Fab fragment of RoAb13 has been crystallised and a structure of the antibody is reported to 2.1 angstrom resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jack Arnold
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
| | - Samia Akthar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Brandt
- Virology Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Nutley, 340 Kingsland Street Nutley, NJ 07110, United States of America
| | - David Davis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
| | - Thabo Lapp
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
| | - Changhua Ji
- Virology Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Nutley, 340 Kingsland Street Nutley, NJ 07110, United States of America
| | - Surya Sankuratri
- Virology Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Nutley, 340 Kingsland Street Nutley, NJ 07110, United States of America
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, Gower St., London, United Kingdom
| | - Lata Govada
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Saridakis
- Laboratory of Structural and Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Naomi Chayen
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Terahara K, Ishige M, Ikeno S, Okada S, Kobayashi-Ishihara M, Ato M, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y. Humanized mice dually challenged with R5 and X4 HIV-1 show preferential R5 viremia and restricted X4 infection of CCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:378-86. [PMID: 25839960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CCR5-tropic (R5) immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains are highly transmissible during the early stage of infection in humans, whereas CXCR4-tropic (X4) strains are less transmissible. This study aimed to explore the basis for early phase R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection in vivo by using humanized mice dually challenged with R5 HIV-1NLAD8-D harboring DsRed and X4 HIV-1(NL-E) harboring EGFP. Whereas R5 HIV-1 replicated well, X4 HIV-1 caused only transient viremia with variable kinetics; however, this was distinct from the low level but persistent viremia observed in mice challenged with X4 HIV-1 alone. Flow cytometric analysis of HIV-1-infected cells revealed that X4 HIV-1 infection of CCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells was significantly suppressed in the presence of R5 HIV-1. X4 HIV-1 was more cytopathic than R5 HIV-1; however, this was not the cause of restricted X4 HIV-1 infection because there were no significant differences in the mortality rates of CCR5(+) and CCR5(-) cells within the X4 HIV-1-infected cell populations. Taken together, these results suggest that restricted infection of CCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells by X4 HIV-1 (occurring via a still-to-be-identified mechanism) might contribute to the preferential transmission of R5 HIV-1 during the early phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Terahara
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishige
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shota Ikeno
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology/Waseda University Graduate School of Collaborative Education Curriculum, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mie Kobayashi-Ishihara
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention, 1-3-12 Misakimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan.
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32
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Mengistu M, Ray K, Lewis GK, DeVico AL. Antigenic properties of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 on virions bound to target cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004772. [PMID: 25807494 PMCID: PMC4373872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, undergoes multiple molecular interactions and structural rearrangements during the course of host cell attachment and viral entry, which are being increasingly defined at the atomic level using isolated proteins. In comparison, antigenic markers of these dynamic changes are essentially unknown for single HIV-1 particles bound to target cells. Such markers should indicate how neutralizing and/or non-neutralizing antibodies might interdict infection by either blocking infection or sensitizing host cells for elimination by Fc-mediated effector function. Here we address this deficit by imaging fluorescently labeled CCR5-tropic HIV-1 pseudoviruses using confocal and superresolution microscopy to track the exposure of neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes as they appear on single HIV-1 particles bound to target cells. Epitope exposure was followed under conditions permissive or non-permissive for viral entry to delimit changes associated with virion binding from those associated with post-attachment events. We find that a previously unexpected array of gp120 epitopes is exposed rapidly upon target cell binding. This array comprises both neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes, the latter being hidden on free virions yet capable of serving as potent targets for Fc-mediated effector function. Under non-permissive conditions for viral entry, both neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitope exposures were relatively static over time for the majority of bound virions. Under entry-permissive conditions, epitope exposure patterns changed over time on subsets of virions that exhibited concurrent variations in virion contents. These studies reveal that bound virions are distinguished by a broad array of both neutralizing and non-neutralizing gp120 epitopes that potentially sensitize a freshly engaged target cell for destruction by Fc-mediated effector function and/or for direct neutralization at a post-binding step. The elucidation of these epitope exposure patterns during viral entry will help clarify antibody-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 as it is measured in vitro and in vivo. A major strategy for blocking HIV-1 infection is to target antiviral antibodies or drugs to sites of vulnerability on the surface proteins of the virus. It is a relatively straightforward matter to explore these sites on the surfaces of free HIV-1 particles or on isolated viral envelope antigens. However, one difficulty presented by HIV-1 is that its surface proteins are flexible and change shape once the virus has attached to its host cell. To date, it has been difficult to predict how cell-bound HIV-1 exposes its sites of vulnerability. Yet the antiviral activities of certain antibodies indirectly suggest that there must be unique sites on cell-bound HIV-1 that are not found on free virus. Here, we use new techniques and tools to determine how HIV-1 exposes unique sites of vulnerability after attaching to host cells. We find that the virus exposes a remarkable array of these sites, including ones previously believed hidden. These exposure patterns explain the antiviral activities of various anti-HIV-1 antibodies and provide a new view of how HIV-1 might interact with the immune system. Our study also provides insights for how to target HIV-1 with antiviral antibodies, vaccines, or antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meron Mengistu
- The Institute of Human Virology of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ALD)
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George K. Lewis
- The Institute of Human Virology of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- The Institute of Human Virology of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ALD)
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33
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Schwalbe B, Schreiber M. Effect of lysine to arginine mutagenesis in the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 on viral entry efficiency and neutralization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119879. [PMID: 25785610 PMCID: PMC4364900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by an ongoing replication leading to T-lymphocyte decline which is paralleled by the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor usage. To predict coreceptor usage, several computer algorithms using gp120 V3 loop sequence data have been developed. In these algorithms an occupation of the V3 positions 11 and 25, by one of the amino acids lysine (K) or arginine (R), is an indicator for CXCR4 usage. Amino acids R and K dominate at these two positions, but can also be identified at positions 9 and 10. Generally, CXCR4-viruses possess V3 sequences, with an overall positive charge higher than the V3 sequences of R5-viruses. The net charge is calculated by subtracting the number of negatively charged amino acids (D, aspartic acid and E, glutamic acid) from the number of positively charged ones (K and R). In contrast to D and E, which are very similar in their polar and acidic properties, the characteristics of the R guanidinium group differ significantly from the K ammonium group. However, in coreceptor predictive computer algorithms R and K are both equally rated. The study was conducted to analyze differences in infectivity and coreceptor usage because of R-to-K mutations at the V3 positions 9, 10 and 11. V3 loop mutants with all possible RRR-to-KKK triplets were constructed and analyzed for coreceptor usage, infectivity and neutralization by SDF-1α and RANTES. Virus mutants R9R10R11 showed the highest infectivity rates, and were inhibited more efficiently in contrast to the K9K10K11 viruses. They also showed higher efficiency in a virus-gp120 paired infection assay. Especially V3 loop position 9 was relevant for a switch to higher infectivity when occupied by R. Thus, K-to-R exchanges play a role for enhanced viral entry efficiency and should therefore be considered when the viral phenotype is predicted based on V3 sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birco Schwalbe
- Department Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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34
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Mahalingam J, Lin CY, Chiang JM, Su PJ, Chu YY, Lai HY, Fang JH, Huang CT, Lin YC. CD4⁺ T cells expressing latency-associated peptide and Foxp3 are an activated subgroup of regulatory T cells enriched in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108554. [PMID: 25268580 PMCID: PMC4182495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latency-associated peptide (LAP) - expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. In order to investigate the role of LAP in human CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, we designed a cross-sectional study that involved 42 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The phenotypes, cytokine-release patterns, and suppressive ability of Tregs isolated from peripheral blood and tumor tissues were analyzed. We found that the population of LAP-positive CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs significantly increased in peripheral blood and cancer tissues of CRC patients as compared to that in the peripheral blood and tissues of healthy subjects. Both LAP+ and LAP− Tregs had a similar effector/memory phenotype. However, LAP+ Tregs expressed more effector molecules, including tumor necrosis factor receptor II, granzyme B, perforin, Ki67, and CCR5, than their LAP− negative counterparts. The in vitro immunosuppressive activity of LAP+ Tregs, exerted via a transforming growth factor-β–mediated mechanism, was more potent than that of LAP− Tregs. Furthermore, the enrichment of LAP+ Treg population in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CRC patients correlated with cancer metastases. In conclusion, we found that LAP+ Foxp3+ CD4+ Treg cells represented an activated subgroup of Tregs having more potent regulatory activity in CRC patients. The increased frequency of LAP+ Tregs in PBMCs of CRC patients suggests their potential role in controlling immune response to cancer and presents LAP as a marker of tumor-specific Tregs in CRC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granzymes/genetics
- Granzymes/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunologic Memory
- Ki-67 Antigen/genetics
- Ki-67 Antigen/immunology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Perforin/genetics
- Perforin/immunology
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashri Mahalingam
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jy-Ming Chiang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Colorectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Su
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-He Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Linkou Medical Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Regoes RR, McLaren PJ, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Calmy A, Günthard HF, Hoffmann M, Rauch A, Telenti A, Fellay J. Disentangling human tolerance and resistance against HIV. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001951. [PMID: 25226169 PMCID: PMC4165755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Title: Human tolerance against HIV An evolutionary ecology perspective on clinical data reveals that human traits can affect how well an individual tolerates HIV infection, and identifies host immunity factors associated with disease tolerance. In ecology, “disease tolerance” is defined as an evolutionary strategy of hosts against pathogens, characterized by reduced or absent pathogenesis despite high pathogen load. To our knowledge, tolerance has to date not been quantified and disentangled from host resistance to disease in any clinically relevant human infection. Using data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we investigated if there is variation in tolerance to HIV in humans and if this variation is associated with polymorphisms in the human genome. In particular, we tested for associations between tolerance and alleles of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes, the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the age at which individuals were infected, and their sex. We found that HLA-B alleles associated with better HIV control do not confer tolerance. The slower disease progression associated with these alleles can be fully attributed to the extent of viral load reduction in carriers. However, we observed that tolerance significantly varies across HLA-B genotypes with a relative standard deviation of 34%. Furthermore, we found that HLA-B homozygotes are less tolerant than heterozygotes. Lastly, tolerance was observed to decrease with age, resulting in a 1.7-fold difference in disease progression between 20 and 60-y-old individuals with the same viral load. Thus, disease tolerance is a feature of infection with HIV, and the identification of the mechanisms involved may pave the way to a better understanding of pathogenesis. When confronted with pathogens, hosts can either evolve to fight them or learn to live with them. The first of these two strategies is called “resistance” and the second “tolerance”. In the context of HIV, many genes conferring resistance have been identified, but no tolerance genes are known. Using statistical techniques originating from plant ecology, we analyzed data from an HIV cohort to look for differences in tolerance between HIV-infected individuals and tested whether they go hand in hand with genetic differences. We found that younger people are more tolerant to HIV infection. We also observed that individuals who carry two different alleles of HLA-B, an important immunity gene, are more tolerant. These findings add to our understanding of how hosts tolerate infections and could open new avenues for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland R. Regoes
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- Global Health Institute, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Geneva University Hospital, HIV Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andri Rauch
- University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bonfá G, Benevides L, Souza MDC, Fonseca DM, Mineo TWP, Rossi MA, Silva NM, Silva JS, de Barros Cardoso CR. CCR5 controls immune and metabolic functions during Toxoplasma gondii infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104736. [PMID: 25119429 PMCID: PMC4132074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5, an important receptor related to cell recruitment and inflammation, is expressed during experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection. However, its role in the immunopathology of toxoplasmosis is not clearly defined yet. Thus, we inoculated WT and CCR5-/- mice with a sub lethal dose of the parasite by oral route. CCR5-/- mice were extremely susceptible to infection, presenting higher parasite load and lower tissue expression of IL-12p40, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, iNOS, Foxp3, T-bet, GATA-3 and PPARα. Although both groups presented inflammation in the liver with prominent neutrophil infiltration, CCR5-/- mice had extensive tissue damage with hepatocyte vacuolization, steatosis, elevated serum triglycerides and transaminases. PPARα agonist Gemfibrozil improved the vacuolization but did not rescue CCR5-/- infected mice from high serum triglycerides levels and enhanced mortality. We also found intense inflammation in the ileum of CCR5-/- infected mice, with epithelial ulceration, augmented CD4 and decreased frequency of NK cells in the gut lamina propria. Most interestingly, these findings were accompanied by an outstanding accumulation of neutrophils in the ileum, which seemed to be involved in the gut immunopathology, once the depletion of these cells was accompanied by reduced local damage. Altogether, these data demonstrated that CCR5 is essential to the control of T. gondii infection and to maintain the metabolic, hepatic and intestinal integrity. These findings add novel information on the disease pathogenesis and may be relevant for directing future approaches to the treatment of multi-deregulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonfá
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Benevides
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Antônio Rossi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Brzoza Z, Grzeszczak W, Rogala B, Trautsolt W, Moczulski D. Possible contribution of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous autoreactive urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:302-6. [PMID: 23727176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic urticaria. As the genetic background of autoimmunity is well proven, the role of genetics in chronic urticaria is hypothesised. METHODS 153 unrelated chronic spontaneous urticaria patients with a positive result of autologous serum skin test were included into the study, as were 115 healthy volunteers as control group. In all subjects we analysed CCR2 G190A and CCR5 d32 polymorphisms. RESULTS We noticed higher prevalence of CCR2 A allele as well as lower frequency of CCR5 d32 in chronic urticaria group in comparison to control group, with borderline statistical significance. Additionally, we assumed haplotype Gd statistically significant negative chronic urticaria association with tendency to higher frequency of Aw haplotype in this group. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study imply the role of autoimmune components in chronic urticaria pathogenesis and present chronic urticaria as possibly genetically related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Brzoza
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - W Grzeszczak
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - B Rogala
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - W Trautsolt
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - D Moczulski
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Das S, Banerjee S, Majumder S, Paul Chowdhury B, Goswami A, Halder K, Chakraborty U, Pal NK, Majumdar S. Immune subversion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis through CCR5 mediated signaling: involvement of IL-10. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92477. [PMID: 24695099 PMCID: PMC3973661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is characterized by severe immunosuppression of the host macrophages, resulting in the loss of the host protective immune responses. During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the pathogen modulates C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) to enhance IL-10 production, indicating the possible involvement of CCR5 in regulation of the host immune response. Here, we found that Mycobacterium infection significantly increased CCR5 expression in macrophages there by facilitating the activation of its downstream signaling. These events culminated in up-regulation of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 production, which was further associated with the down-regulation of macrophage MHC-II expression along with the up-regulation of CCR5 expression via engagement of STAT-3 in a positive feedback loop. Treatment of macrophages with CCR5 specific siRNA abrogated the IL-10 production and restored MHCII expression. While, in vivo CCR5 silencing was also effective for the restoration of host immune responses against tuberculosis. This study demonstrated that CCR5 played a very critical role for the immune subversion mechanism employed by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Avranil Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Kuntal Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Urmita Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Nishith K. Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- Department of Microbiology, Malda Medical College, Malda, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: .
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Wira CR, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Shen Z, Patel M, Fahey JV. The role of sex hormones and the tissue environment in immune protection against HIV in the female reproductive tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:171-81. [PMID: 24661500 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies of the mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract (FRT) and its regulation by sex hormones, relatively little attention has been paid to the tissue environment in the FRT that regulates immune cell function. Consisting of secretions from epithelial cells (EC), stromal fibroblasts, and immune cells in tissues from the upper (Fallopian tubes, uterus, and endocervix) and lower (ectocervix and vagina) tracts, each tissue compartment is unique and precisely regulates immune cells to optimize conditions for successful pregnancy and protection against sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Our goal in this review is to focus on the mucosal (tissue) environment in the upper and lower FRT. Specifically, this review will identify the contributions of EC and fibroblasts to the tissue environment and examine the impact of this environment on HIV-target cells. Much remains to be learned about the complex interactions with the tissue environment at different sites in the FRT and the ways in which they are regulated by sex hormones and chemical contraceptives. Awareness of the involvement of the tissue environment in determining immune cell function and HIV acquisition is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that lead to HIV prevention, acquisition, and the development of new therapeutic modalities of immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Wira
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Klimyuk V, Pogue G, Herz S, Butler J, Haydon H. Production of recombinant antigens and antibodies in Nicotiana benthamiana using 'magnifection' technology: GMP-compliant facilities for small- and large-scale manufacturing. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 375:127-54. [PMID: 22527176 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the adaptation of the plant virus-based transient expression system, magnICON(®) for the at-scale manufacturing of pharmaceutical proteins. The system utilizes so-called "deconstructed" viral vectors that rely on Agrobacterium-mediated systemic delivery into the plant cells for recombinant protein production. The system is also suitable for production of hetero-oligomeric proteins like immunoglobulins. By taking advantage of well established R&D tools for optimizing the expression of protein of interest using this system, product concepts can reach the manufacturing stage in highly competitive time periods. At the manufacturing stage, the system offers many remarkable features including rapid production cycles, high product yield, virtually unlimited scale-up potential, and flexibility for different manufacturing schemes. The magnICON system has been successfully adaptated to very different logistical manufacturing formats: (1) speedy production of multiple small batches of individualized pharmaceuticals proteins (e.g. antigens comprising individualized vaccines to treat NonHodgkin's Lymphoma patients) and (2) large-scale production of other pharmaceutical proteins such as therapeutic antibodies. General descriptions of the prototype GMP-compliant manufacturing processes and facilities for the product formats that are in preclinical and clinical testing are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Klimyuk
- Icon Genetics, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany,
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Frade AF, Pissetti CW, Ianni BM, Saba B, Lin-Wang HT, Nogueira LG, de Melo Borges A, Buck P, Dias F, Baron M, Ferreira LRP, Schmidt A, Marin-Neto JA, Hirata M, Sampaio M, Fragata A, Pereira AC, Donadi E, Kalil J, Rodrigues V, Cunha-Neto E, Chevillard C. Genetic susceptibility to Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: involvement of several genes of the innate immunity and chemokine-dependent migration pathways. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:587. [PMID: 24330528 PMCID: PMC3866603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America. Thirty percent of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), an inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy that is, by far, the most important clinical consequence of T. cruzi infection. The others remain asymptomatic (ASY). A possible genetic component to disease progression was suggested by familial aggregation of cases and the association of markers of innate and adaptive immunity genes with CCC development. Migration of Th1-type T cells play a major role in myocardial damage. METHODS Our genetic analysis focused on CCR5, CCL2 and MAL/TIRAP genes. We used the Tag SNPs based approach, defined to catch all the genetic information from each gene. The study was conducted on a large Brazilian population including 315 CCC cases and 118 ASY subjects. RESULTS The CCL2rs2530797A/A and TIRAPrs8177376A/A were associated to an increase susceptibility whereas the CCR5rs3176763C/C genotype is associated to protection to CCC. These associations were confirmed when we restricted the analysis to severe CCC, characterized by a left ventricular ejection fraction under 40%. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that polymorphisms affecting key molecules involved in several immune parameters (innate immunity signal transduction and T cell/monocyte migration) play a role in genetic susceptibility to CCC development. This also points out to the multigenic character of CCC, each polymorphism imparting a small contribution. The identification of genetic markers for CCC will provide information for pathogenesis as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Farage Frade
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, GIMP UMR_S906, Faculté de médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 05 13385, France
| | - Cristina Wide Pissetti
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Saba
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gabriel Nogueira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana de Melo Borges
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Paula Buck
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dias
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Baron
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Andre Schmidt
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Marin-Neto
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hirata
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Abílio Fragata
- Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), Avenida Dante Pazzanese 500 - Ibirapuera, Sâo Paulo, SP 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 4900 - Monte Alegre 15059-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 40 Frei Paulino, Uberaba, MG 48036-180, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 Bloco 2 9º andar, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 06504-000, Brazil
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, GIMP UMR_S906, Faculté de médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 05 13385, France
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Schmökel J, Li H, Shabir A, Yu H, Geyer M, Silvestri G, Sodora DL, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F. Link between primate lentiviral coreceptor usage and Nef function. Cell Rep 2013; 5:997-1009. [PMID: 24268781 PMCID: PMC4133736 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsmm) infection of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) is characterized by stable CD4+ T cell counts despite high plasma levels of CCR5-tropic viruses. However, in rare instances, SIVsmm acquires CXCR4 coreceptor tropism and causes severe CD4+ T cell depletion, albeit without clinical signs of immunodeficiency. Here, we show that CXCR4-tropic SIVsmm strains lost their ability to downmodulate TCR-CD3 by evolving unusual Nef mutations that initially reduced (I132V) and subsequently disrupted (I123L and L146F) interaction with the CD3 ζ chain. This coevolution of Env and Nef function suggests that CD3 downmodulation is advantageous for viral replication in activated CCR5+ memory T cells, but not in resting naive CXCR4+ T cells that have not yet undergone TCR-CD3-mediated stimulation. This may explain why HIV-1, which generally lacks the CD3 downmodulation function, commonly switches to CXCR4 usage, whereas this is extremely rare for SIV strains that have retained this Nef activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cercocebus/virology
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Gene Products, nef/genetics
- Gene Products, nef/immunology
- HIV Infections/genetics
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- HIV-2/genetics
- HIV-2/immunology
- Immunologic Memory
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schmökel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Asma Shabir
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hangxing Yu
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), Physical Biochemistry Group, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Donald L Sodora
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
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Semenov AV, Arsent'eva NA, Elezov DS, Kudriavtsev IV, Ésaulenko EV, Totolian AA. [Features of population composition of peripheral blood CXCR3-positive lymphocytes in chronic viral hepatitis c patients]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2013:69-76. [PMID: 24605678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Quantitative determination ofCXCR3+, CCR5+ and CCR6+ cells in major lymphocyte populations: T-helpers (Th), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), natural killers (NK) and T-natural killer cells (TNK), B-lymphocytes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Content of lymphocyte populations carrying chemokine receptor CXCR3 was studied, chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR6 were evaluated on T-lymphocytes, in peripheral blood of 19 CVHC patients and 32 conditionally healthy donors. Cell populations were determined by flow cytofluorometry by using various combinations of monoclonal antibodies: for evaluation of Th and CTL (CD3/CD4/CD8/CXCR3/CCR5/CCR6); NK and TNK (CDl6/CD56/CD3/ CXCR3); B-cells (CD 19/CD45/CXCR3). RESULTS In patients with CVHV compared with healthy donors a significant increase of quantity of CXCR3-positive Th was detected, however the content of CXCR3-positive CTL did not differ in the groups compared; CXCR3+ NK cell content was lower with equal content of CXCR3+ TNK. Analysis of quantity of CXCR3+ B-cells showed an increase of more than 3.5 times in CVHC patients. Significant differences in relative content of Th and CTL carrying CCR5 and CCR6 were not detected despite a non-significant increase of quantity of CCR5+ and CCR6+ Th. CONCLUSION Content of major lymphocyte populations carrying chemokine receptor CXCR3 changed significantly compared with conditionally healthy donors in peripheral blood of CVHC patients. The increase of quantity of CXCR3-positive B-cells may be associated with infection of these cells by HCV or development of extra-liver manifestations of HVHC.
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Huik K, Avi R, Carrillo A, Harper N, Pauskar M, Sadam M, Karki T, Krispin T, Kongo UK, Jermilova T, Rüütel K, Talu A, Abel-Ollo K, Uusküla A, Ahuja SK, He W, Lutsar I. CCR5 haplotypes influence HCV serostatus in Caucasian intravenous drug users. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70561. [PMID: 23936229 PMCID: PMC3723663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 90% HIV-1 positive intravenous drug users (IDUs) are co-infected with HCV. Although best recognized for its function as a major co-receptor for cell entry of HIV, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. Here, we investigated whether CCR5 haplotypes influence HIV-1 and HCV seropositivity among 373 Caucasian IDUs from Estonia. Methods Of these IDUs, 56% and 44% were HIV and HCV seropositive, respectively, and 47% were coinfected. 500 blood donors seronegative for HIV and HCV were also evaluated. CCR5 haplotypes (HHA to HHG*2) were derived after genotyping nine CCR2–CCR5 polymorphisms. The association between CCR5 haplotypes with HIV and/or HCV seropositivity was determined using logistic regression analysis. Co-variates included in the models were length of intravenous drug use, HBV serostatus and copy number of CCL3L1, the gene encoding the most potent HIV-suppressive chemokine and ligand for CCR5. Results Compared to IDUs seronegative for both HCV and HIV (HCV−/HIV-), IDUs who were HCV+/HIV- and HCV+/HIV+were 92% and 82%, respectively, less likely to possess the CCR5-HHG*1 haplotype, after controlling for co-variates (Padjusted = 1.89×10−4 and 0.003, respectively). This association was mostly due to subjects bearing the CCR5 HHE and HHG*1 haplotype pairs. Approximately 25% and<10% of HCV−/HIV- IDUs and HCV−/HIV- blood donors, respectively, possessed the HHE/HHG*1 genotype. Conclusions Our findings suggest that HHG*1-bearing CCR5 genotypes influence HCV seropositivity in a group of Caucasian IDUs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Coinfection
- Estonia/epidemiology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology
- HIV Seropositivity/ethnology
- HIV Seropositivity/genetics
- HIV Seropositivity/virology
- HIV-1/isolation & purification
- Haplotypes
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/ethnology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Male
- Prevalence
- Receptors, CCR5/blood
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous/genetics
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous/immunology
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous/virology
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Huik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Radko Avi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew Carrillo
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathan Harper
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Merit Pauskar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Sadam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Karki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Krispin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulvi-Kaire Kongo
- Immunoheamatology Reference Laboratory, North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Kristi Rüütel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ave Talu
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Anneli Uusküla
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sunil K. Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weijing He
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, and Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WH); (IL)
| | - Irja Lutsar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail: (WH); (IL)
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Abstract
HIV infection has not been cured by antiretroviral drugs or gene therapy, but it has been cured by a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that was performed for a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and HIV infection using peripheral blood stem cells from an adult donor homozygous for CCR5-Δ32 (CCR5-Δ32/Δ32). HIV has remained undetectable more than 6 years after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. However, this approach cannot be readily generalized because of the low prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32 allele and the need for a very close human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match between adult donors and recipients, as when bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplants are performed. In contrast, cord blood (CB) transplants require less stringent HLA matching. CB units are being screened to develop an inventory of cryopreserved homozygous CCR5-Δ32 units available for HCT. One hundred eighty homozygous CCR5-Δ32 units have been identified, and 300 units are projected to provide for white pediatric patients a 73.6% probability of finding an adequately HLA-matched unit with a minimal cell dose of ≥2.5 × 10(7) total nucleated cells (TNC) per kilogram and for white adults a 27.9% probability. With a minimal cell dose requirement of ≥1 × 10(7) TNC per kilogram, the corresponding projected probabilities are 85.6% and 82.1%. CB transplantation does not require as stringent an HLA match between donor and recipient as bone marrow or peripheral blood HCTs, and HCT using cord bloods from donors homozygous for CCR5-Δ32 is, at the present time, the only feasible means of treatment of reasonable numbers of patients who are infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Petz
- StemCyte International Cord Blood Center, Covina, CA, USA.
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47
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Soler DC, Sugiyama H, Young AB, Massari JV, McCormick TS, Cooper KD. Psoriasis patients exhibit impairment of the high potency CCR5(+) T regulatory cell subset. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:111-8. [PMID: 23954573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CCR5 expression on CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been reported to be crucial for limiting Th1 inflammation associated with autoimmunity and bacterial infections. We inquired whether abnormalities in chemokine receptors expressed on Tregs might be involved in the psoriatic pathogenesis. Indeed, the proportion of CCR5(+) Treg was 58.8% in healthy individuals (n=9), whereas only half as many CCR5(+) Treg cells were found in psoriatic individuals (29.1%, n=8, p<0.01). The flow-enriched control CCR5(+) Tregs consistently exceeded the suppressive capacity of unsorted Tregs in autologous MLR assays (n=5, p<0.05) showing that CCR5(+) Treg subset is a high potency regulatory T cell population. Interestingly, psoriatic CCR5(+) Treg cells exhibited significantly less migratory capacity toward CCR5 ligands MIP-1β and RANTES in vitro compared to CCR5(+) Treg controls (n=3, p<0.05). Our data demonstrate that psoriatic CCR5(+) Tregs cells are numerically-, functionally- and chemotactically-deficient compared to controls and may pose a triple impairment on the ability of psoriatic Tregs to restrain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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48
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Côté SC, Plante A, Tardif MR, Tremblay MJ. Dectin-1/TLR2 and NOD2 agonists render dendritic cells susceptible to infection by X4-using HIV-1 and promote cis-infection of CD4(+) T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67735. [PMID: 23844079 PMCID: PMC3699635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 pathogenesis is intimately linked with microbial infections and innate immunity during all stages of the disease. While the impact of microbial-derived products in transmission of R5-using virus to CD4+ T cells by dendritic cells (DCs) has been addressed before, very limited data are available on the effect of such compounds on DC-mediated dissemination of X4-tropic variant. Here, we provide evidence that treatment of DCs with dectin-1/TLR2 and NOD2 ligands increases cis-infection of autologous CD4+ T cells by X4-using virus. This phenomenon is most likely associated with an enhanced permissiveness of DCs to productive infection with X4 virus, which is linked to increased surface expression of CXCR4 and the acquisition of a maturation profile by DCs. The ensuing DC maturation enhances susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to productive infection with HIV-1. This study highlights the crucial role of DCs at different stages of HIV-1 infection and particularly in spreading of viral strains displaying a X4 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Côté
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Plante
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie R. Tardif
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel J. Tremblay
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mallick A, Barik S, Goswami KK, Banerjee S, Ghosh S, Sarkar K, Bose A, Baral R. Neem leaf glycoprotein activates CD8(+) T cells to promote therapeutic anti-tumor immunity inhibiting the growth of mouse sarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e47434. [PMID: 23326300 PMCID: PMC3543399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of sufficient data on Neem Leaf Glycoprotein (NLGP) as a prophylactic vaccine, little knowledge currently exists to support the use of NLGP as a therapeutic vaccine. Treatment of mice bearing established sarcomas with NLGP (25 µg/mice/week subcutaneously for 4 weeks) resulted in tumor regression or dormancy (Tumor free/Regressor, 13/24 (NLGP), 4/24 (PBS)). Evaluation of CD8+ T cell status in blood, spleen, TDLN, VDLN and tumor revealed increase in cellular number. Elevated expression of CD69, CD44 and Ki67 on CD8+ T cells revealed their state of activation and proliferation by NLGP. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in mice at the time of NLGP treatment resulted in partial termination of tumor regression. An expansion of CXCR3+ and CCR5+ T cells was observed in the TDLN and tumor, along with their corresponding ligands. NLGP treatment enhances type 1 polarized T-bet expressing T cells with downregulation of GATA3. Treg cell population was almost unchanged. However, T∶Treg ratios significantly increased with NLGP. Enhanced secretion/expression of IFNγ was noted after NLGP therapy. In vitro culture of T cells with IL-2 and sarcoma antigen resulted in significant enhancement in cytotoxic efficacy. Consistently higher expression of CD107a was also observed in CD8+ T cells from tumors. Reinoculation of sarcoma cells in tumor regressed NLGP-treated mice maintained tumor free status in majority. This is correlated with the increment of CD44hiCD62Lhi central memory T cells. Collectively, these findings support a paradigm in which NLGP dynamically orchestrates the activation, expansion, and recruitment of CD8+ T cells into established tumors to operate significant tumor cell lysis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Azadirachta/chemistry
- Azadirachta/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plant Leaves/immunology
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/pharmacology
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Survival Analysis
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Mallick
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Subhasis Barik
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Goswami
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Saptak Banerjee
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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50
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Langenhorst D, Gogishvili T, Ribechini E, Kneitz S, McPherson K, Lutz MB, Hünig T. Sequential induction of effector function, tissue migration and cell death during polyclonal activation of mouse regulatory T-cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50080. [PMID: 23226238 PMCID: PMC3511437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) to produce interleukin (IL)-10 is important for the limitation of inflammation at environmental interfaces like colon or lung. Under steady state conditions, however, few Tregs produce IL-10 ex vivo. To investigate the origin and fate of IL-10 producing Tregs we used a superagonistic mouse anti-mouse CD28 mAb (CD28SA) for polyclonal in vivo stimulation of Tregs, which not only led to their numeric expansion but also to a dramatic increase in IL-10 production. IL-10 secreting Tregs strongly upregulated surface receptors associated with suppressive function as compared to non-producing Tregs. Furthermore, polyclonally expanding Tregs shifted their migration receptor pattern after activation from a CCR7(+)CCR5(-) lymph node-seeking to a CCR7(-)CCR5(+) inflammation-seeking phenotype, explaining the preferential recruitment of IL-10 producers to sites of ongoing immune responses. Finally, we observed that IL-10 producing Tregs from CD28SA stimulated mice were more apoptosis-prone in vitro than their IL-10 negative counterparts. These findings support a model where prolonged activation of Tregs results in terminal differentiation towards an IL-10 producing effector phenotype associated with a limited lifespan, implicating built-in termination of immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- CD28 Antigens/agonists
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR7/genetics
- Receptors, CCR7/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tea Gogishvili
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eliana Ribechini
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirsty McPherson
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Manfred B. Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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