1
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Czepielewski RS, Erlich EC, Onufer EJ, Young S, Saunders BT, Han YH, Wohltmann M, Wang PL, Kim KW, Kumar S, Hsieh CS, Scallan JP, Yang Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Davis MJ, Randolph GJ. Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Wohltmann
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Xiao Z, Liu L, Pei X, Sun W, Jin Y, Yang ST, Wang M. A Potential Probiotic for Diarrhea: Clostridium tyrobutyricum Protects Against LPS-Induced Epithelial Dysfunction via IL-22 Produced By Th17 Cells in the Ileum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758227. [PMID: 34917080 PMCID: PMC8670534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are clinically used for diarrhea and inflammatory bowel diseases in both humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that Clostridium tyrobutyricum (Ct) protects against intestinal dysfunction, while its regulatory function in the gut needs further investigation and the related mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. This study aims to further verify the protective function of Ct and reveal its underlying mechanisms in alleviating diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Ct inhibited LPS-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in the ileum. IL-22 was identified and the protective role of Ct in the ileum presented an IL-22-dependent manner according to the transcriptomic analysis and in vivo interference mice experiments. The flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the ileum showed that Ct enhanced the proportions of Th17 cells in response to LPS. The results of in situ hybridization further verified that Ct triggered Th17 cells to produce IL-22, which combined with IL-22RA1 expressed in the epithelial cells. Moreover, Ct was unable to enhance the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ileum, suggesting that the protective role of Ct in the ileum was independent of SCFAs. This study uncovered the role of Ct in alleviating diarrhea and inflammation with the mechanism of stimulating Th17 cells in the lamina propria to produce IL-22, highlighting its potential application as a probiotic for diarrhea and inflammation in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xiao
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Pei
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjing Sun
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyue Jin
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Minqi Wang
- The key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Shaler CR, Parco AA, Elhenawy W, Dourka J, Jury J, Verdu EF, Coombes BK. Psychological stress impairs IL22-driven protective gut mucosal immunity against colonising pathobionts. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6664. [PMID: 34795263 PMCID: PMC8602651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an aberrant response to microbial and environmental triggers. This includes an altered microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae and in particular adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Clinical evidence implicates periods of psychological stress in Crohn's disease exacerbation, and disturbances in the gut microbiome might contribute to the pathogenic mechanism. Here we show that stress-exposed mice develop ileal dysbiosis, dominated by the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. In an AIEC colonisation model, stress-induced glucocorticoids promote apoptosis of CD45+CD90+ cells that normally produce IL-22, a cytokine that is essential for the maintenance of ileal mucosal barrier integrity. Blockade of glucocorticoid signaling or administration of recombinant IL-22 restores mucosal immunity, prevents ileal dysbiosis, and blocks AIEC expansion. We conclude that psychological stress impairs IL-22-driven protective immunity in the gut, which creates a favorable niche for the expansion of pathobionts that have been implicated in Crohn's disease. Importantly, this work also shows that immunomodulation can counteract the negative effects of psychological stress on gut immunity and hence disease-associated dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Shaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra A Parco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmeen Dourka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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4
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Stephens WZ, Kubinak JL, Ghazaryan A, Bauer KM, Bell R, Buhrke K, Chiaro TR, Weis AM, Tang WW, Monts JK, Soto R, Ekiz HA, O'Connell RM, Round JL. Epithelial-myeloid exchange of MHC class II constrains immunity and microbiota composition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109916. [PMID: 34731608 PMCID: PMC9012449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have long been understood to express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules but are not considered canonical antigen-presenting cells, and the impact of IEC-MHC class II signaling on gut homeostasis remains enigmatic. As IECs serve as the primary barrier between underlying host immune cells, we reasoned that IEC-intrinsic antigen presentation may play a role in responses toward the microbiota. Mice with an IEC-intrinsic deletion of MHC class II (IECΔMHC class II) are healthy but have fewer microbial-bound IgA, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and immune repertoire selection. This was associated with increased interindividual microbiota variation and altered proportions of two taxa in the ileum where MHC class II on IECs is highest. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have similar MHC class II transcription but less surface MHC class II and are capable of acquiring MHC class II from IECs. Thus, epithelial-myeloid interactions mediate development of adaptive responses to microbial antigens within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zac Stephens
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason L Kubinak
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Arevik Ghazaryan
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylyn M Bauer
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rickesha Bell
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kate Buhrke
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyson R Chiaro
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allison M Weis
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - William W Tang
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Josh K Monts
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Core, Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ray Soto
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - H Atakan Ekiz
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Izmir Institute of Technology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gulbahce, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - June L Round
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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5
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Zhang Y, Liu JY, Shao JW, Luo QQ, Zhang YQ, Song G, Wang CY, Zhao SY, Wan C, Du XH, Xu LZ. Effective Model of Food Allergy in Mice Sensitized with Ovalbumin and Freud's Adjuvant. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:352-356. [PMID: 34297293 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To better explore the pathophysiology of FA and its therapy, we aimed to establish a simple and practicable FA model with Freund's adjuvant and introduce an easy and reliable laboratory evaluation method for assessment of inflammation in intestinal segments at different anatomical locations. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin combined with Freund's adjuvant. Complete Freund's adjuvant was chosen for the first sensitization and two weeks later incomplete Freund's adjuvant was used for a second sensitization. Two weeks later, the sensitized mice were challenged with 50 mg ovalbumin every other day. After the 6 challenge, all mice were assessed for systemic anaphylaxis, and then sacrificed for sample collection. All sensitized mice showed anaphylactic symptoms and markedly increased levels of serum ovalbumin-specific IgE and IgG1. The activity of mast cell protease-1 (mMCPT-1) was significantly increased in the serum and interstitial fluid of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. A successful FA model was established, of which inflammation occurred in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. This model provides a reliable and simple tool for analysis of the mechanism of FA and methods of immunotherapy. Moreover, combined detection of ovalbumin-specific antibody and local mMCPT-1 levels could potentially be used as the major indicator for assessment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - J W Shao
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Q Q Luo
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Y Q Zhang
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - G Song
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - S Y Zhao
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - C Wan
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - X H Du
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - L Z Xu
- Key Lab for Immunology, Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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6
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Henke MT, Brown EM, Cassilly CD, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Clardy J. Capsular polysaccharide correlates with immune response to the human gut microbe Ruminococcus gnavus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2007595118. [PMID: 33972416 PMCID: PMC8157926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007595118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often coincides with increases of Ruminococcus gnavus, a gut microbe found in nearly everyone. It was not known how, or if, this correlation contributed to disease. We investigated clinical isolates of R. gnavus to identify molecular mechanisms that would link R. gnavus to inflammation. Here, we show that only some isolates of R. gnavus produce a capsular polysaccharide that promotes a tolerogenic immune response, whereas isolates lacking functional capsule biosynthetic genes elicit robust proinflammatory responses in vitro. Germ-free mice colonized with an isolate of R. gnavus lacking a capsule show increased measures of gut inflammation compared to those colonized with an encapsulated isolate in vivo. These observations in the context of our earlier identification of an inflammatory cell-wall polysaccharide reveal how some strains of R. gnavus could drive the inflammatory responses that characterize IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Henke
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eric M Brown
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Chelsi D Cassilly
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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7
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Tang LP, Li WH, Liu YL, Lun JC, He YM. Heat stress inhibits expression of the cytokines, and NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway in broiler chickens infected with salmonella typhimurium. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102945. [PMID: 34016362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High ambient temperature has potential influence on oxidative stress, or systemic inflammation affecting poultry production and immune status of chickens. Heat stress (HS) induces intestinal inflammation and increases susceptibility of harmful pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Intestinal inflammation is a common result of body immune dysfunction. Therefore, we designed an experiment to analyze the effects of 35 ± 2 °C HS on salmonella infection in chickens through regulation of the immune responses. 40 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, heat stress (HS) group, salmonella typhimurium (ST) group and model group (heat stress + salmonella typhimurium, HS + ST). Birds in HS and model group were treated with 35 ± 2 °C heat stress 6 h a day and for 14 continuous days. Then, ST and model group birds were orally administrated with 1 mL ST inoculum (109 cfu/mL). Chickens were sacrificed at the 4th day after ST administration and ileum tissues were measured. We observed that heat stress decreased ileum TNF-α and IL-1β protein expressions. Concomitantly heat stress decreased NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein levels. The protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65 and p-IκB-α in ileum. Heat stress also inhibited IFN-α, p-IRF3 and p-TBK1, showing a deficiency in the HS + ST group birds. Together, the present data suggested that heat stress suppressed intestinal immune activity in chickens infected by salmonella typhimurium, as observed by the decrease of immune cytokines levels, which regulated by NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yi-Lei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jian-Chi Lun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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8
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Wojtacha P, Trybowski W, Podlasz P, Żmigrodzka M, Tyburski J, Polak-Śliwińska M, Jakimiuk E, Bakuła T, Baranowski M, Żuk-Gołaszewska K, Zielonka Ł, Obremski K. Effects of a Low Dose of T-2 Toxin on the Percentage of T and B Lymphocytes and Cytokine Secretion in the Porcine Ileal Wall. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040277. [PMID: 33924586 PMCID: PMC8070124 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant materials used in the production of pig feed are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite of selected Fusarium species, and it can exert a harmful influence on living organisms. Most mycotoxins enter the body via the gastrointestinal tract, and they can modulate the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) function. However, little is known about the influence of low T-2 toxin doses on GALT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of T-2 toxin administered at 50% of the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) on the percentage of CD2+ T cells, CD4+ T helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells, TCRγδ+ cells, CD5+CD8- B1 cells, and CD21+ B2 cells, and the secretion of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12/23p40, IL-17A), anti-inflammatory, and regulatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the porcine ileal wall. The results of the study revealed that T-2 toxin disrupts the development of tolerance to food antigens by enhancing the secretion of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and decreasing the production of anti-inflammatory TGF-β. T-2 toxin triggered the cellular response, which was manifested by an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and a decrease in the percentage of B2 and Tγδ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wojtacha
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | | | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Józef Tyburski
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Jakimiuk
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Mirosław Baranowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusines, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Kazimierz Obremski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.O.)
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9
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Zhou FS, Gao N, Sun X, Jiang XY, Chen JJ, Mao QQ, Zhong L. C-reactive protein/abumin ratio is a useful biomarker for predicting the mucosal healing in the Crohn disease: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24925. [PMID: 33725853 PMCID: PMC7969241 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileocolonoscopy is currently recognized as the gold standard for evaluating mucosal healing in patients with Crohn disease (CD). However, the ideal noninvasive marker to assess mucosal healing instead of invasive ileocolonoscopy is not available. This study aimed to determine the correlations between the mucosal healing and serological optimizing markers in CD.This retrospective study consecutively included 62 CD patients with 137 hospitalizations between March 2014 and March 2020. On the basis of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD), the CD patients were divided into mucosal healing group (SES-CD ≤ 2) and nonmucosal healing group (SES-CD > 2). We collected the results of ileocolonoscopy examination and inflammatory markers and then serological optimizing markers, including C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), platelet/albumin ratio (PLT/ALB), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers in the corresponding period.We found that CRP/ALB, PLT/ALB, NLR, and PLR were correlated with the mucosal healing of CD, and the correlation of CRP/ALB with the mucosal healing was the highest (r = -0.64). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CRP/ALB (0.87) was higher than NLR (0.69), PLR (0.72), and PLT/ALB (0.81). In the efficacy of assessing the mucosal healing in CD, the sensitivity of CRP/ALB, NLR, PLR, and PLT/ALB were 91.1%, 83.9%, 73.2%, and 73.2%, respectively, and the specificity was 76.5%, 46.9%, 64.2%, and 75.3%, respectively.CRP/ALB was the most appropriate marker to assess CD mucosal healing among the serological optimizing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
| | - Xiao-Yun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
| | - Qi-Qi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University
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Mio K, Otake N, Nakashima S, Matsuoka T, Aoe S. Ingestion of High β-Glucan Barley Flour Enhances the Intestinal Immune System of Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Prebiotic Effects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030907. [PMID: 33799564 PMCID: PMC7999470 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic effect of high β-glucan barley (HGB) flour on the innate immune system of high-fat model mice was investigated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with HGB flour for 90 days. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the cecum and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in the ileum as well as the composition of the microbiota in the cecum. Concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids were analyzed by GC/MS. Concentrations of sIgA in the cecum and serum were increased in the HGB group compared to the control. Gene expression levels of IL-10 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) significantly increased in the HGB group. HGB intake increased the bacterial count of microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Concentrations of propionate and lactate in the cecum were increased in the HGB group, and a positive correlation was found between these organic acids and the IL-10 expression level. Our findings showed that HGB flour enhanced immune function such as IgA secretion and IL-10 expression, even when the immune system was deteriorated by a high-fat diet. Moreover, we found that HGB flour modulated the gut microbiota, which increased the concentration of SCFAs, thereby stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Nami Otake
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Satoko Nakashima
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsubasa Matsuoka
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5275-6048
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11
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Pinto-Lopes P, Melo F, Afonso J, Pinto-Lopes R, Rocha C, Melo D, Macedo G, Dias CC, Carneiro F, Magro F. Fecal Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4: An Emergent Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00320. [PMID: 33704099 PMCID: PMC7954374 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that acts as a receptor but also exists in a soluble form. It has been recognized as a mediator of inflammation and considered a biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS We evaluated a prospectively recruited cohort, consisting of 101 patients with IBD, using validated clinical indexes; 22 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) underwent endoscopic evaluation. Fecal DPP-4 (fDPP-4) levels were analyzed and correlated with clinical scores, Mayo endoscopic score (in UC patients), serum DPP-4, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin. Immunohistochemical staining for DPP-4 in intestinal biopsies was also performed. RESULTS When compared with remitters, median fDPP-4 levels were higher in patients with ileal Crohn's disease (CD) (7,584 [1,464-7,816] vs 2,104 [630-2,676] ng/mL, P = 0.015) and lower in patients with UC exhibiting clinical activity (1,213 [559-1,682] vs 7,814 [2,555-7,985] ng/mL, P < 0.001). Patients with UC presenting endoscopic activity also had lower levels than remitters (939 [559-1,420] vs 7,544 [4,531-7,940] ng/mL, P = 0.006). Fecal DPP-4 discriminated clinical activity from remission with areas under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.94, P = 0.015) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.68-0.93, P < 0.001) in CD and UC, respectively; it allowed to differentiate endoscopic activity in patients with UC, with areas under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.63-1.00, P = 0.009). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher DPP-4 apical expression in UC remitters, but no statistically significant differences were revealed between patients with ileal CD. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that fDPP-4 can be used as a biomarker of IBD activity, particularly in UC. The expression profiles in intestinal tissue might represent a functional compartmentalization of DPP-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pinto-Lopes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa—Hospital Padre Américo, Penafiel, Portugal
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Melo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Pinto-Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Broomfield, Essex, UK
| | - Cátia Rocha
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Melo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Patankar JV, Chiriac MT, Lehmann M, Kühl AA, Atreya R, Becker C, Gonzalez-Acera M, Schmitt H, Gamez-Belmonte R, Mahapatro M, Diemand L, Hartmann L, Mascia F, Hracsko Z, Thonn V, Schödel L, Zielinska M, Yu Y, Erkert L, Li W, Zeitler M, Ruder B, Ganzleben I, Günther C, Voehringer D, Zundler S, Neurath MF, Siegmund B. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Attachment Receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Is Decreased in Crohn's Disease and Regulated By Microbial and Inflammatory Signaling. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:925-928.e4. [PMID: 33075345 PMCID: PMC7567698 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Vasant Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Malte Lehmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, iPATH.Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Heike Schmitt
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonard Diemand
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonie Hartmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Mascia
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Hracsko
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Thonn
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Schödel
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Zielinska
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuqiang Yu
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Melanie Zeitler
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ruder
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ganzleben
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany; The Transregio 241 IBDome Consortium, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Lv Q, Xu D, Ma J, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhao P, Ma L, Li Z, Yang W, Liu X, Yang G, Xing S. Uric acid drives intestinal barrier dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:127-137. [PMID: 33074353 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal epithelial dysfunction is the foundation of various intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, while the effects and mechanism of uric acid on the intestinal barrier are little known. TSPO has been shown to be related to the generation of ROS and is involved in regulating inflammation, whether uric acid drives intestinal epithelial dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unknown. METHODS UOX gene knockout mouse (UOX-/-) were used for models of hyperuricemia. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran was used to assess in vivo intestinal permeability. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and culture supernatants IL-1β were measured using ELISA Kit. IEC-6 exposed to different concentrations of uric acid was used for in vitro experiment. Protein content and mRNA were assessed using Western blotting and Q-PCR, respectively. Intracellular ROS was determined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected on an immunofluorescence. Small interfering RNA transfection was used to assess the interaction between translocator protein (TSPO) and NLRP3 inflammasome. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used as ROS scavenger. RESULTS Our results showed that hyperuricemia mice were characteristic by increased intestinal permeability. Hyperuricemia upregulated TSPO, increased production of ROS and activated NLRP3 inflammasome, which resulted in lower expression of occludin and claudin-1. In vitro, we showed that soluble uric acid alone increased the expression of TSPO, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS release and activated NLRP3 inflammasome, which further reduced the expression of occludin and claudin-1. Silencing TSPO suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased expression of claudin-1 and occludin, which was accompanied by lower levels of ROS. Scavenging ROS also significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation without change of TSPO, indicating that TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was dependent on ROS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, uric acid drives intestinal barrier dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Lv
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxing Xu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Xing
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King's College London, BHF Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Talley NJ, Alexander JL, Walker MM, Jones MP, Hugerth LW, Engstrand L, Agréus L, Powell N, Andreasson A. Ileocolonic Histopathological and Microbial Alterations in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nested Community Case-Control Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 12:e00296. [PMID: 33464728 PMCID: PMC8345925 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histopathological alterations in the ileum and colon in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are controversial, and normal values are poorly established. We hypothesized that changes in mucosal immune cells characterize IBS and key changes in immune composition are associated with the mucosa-associated microbiota (MaM). METHODS A nested case-control study (48 IBS and 106 controls included) from 745 colonoscopy participants in a random population sample. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)/100 enterocytes and eosinophils/5 nonoverlapping high-power fields counted; mast cells identified by immunocytochemistry (CD117)/5 high-power fields. Paneth cells quantified per 5 crypts. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed on available sigmoid MaM, n = 55 and fecal microbiota, n = 20. Microbiota profiles compared between samples with high and low IEL counts. RESULTS IBS had increased IELs in the terminal ileum (relative risk ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.76, P = 0.022 adjusted for age, sex, and smoking). Cecal IELs were increased in IBS-diarrhea (relative risk ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.63, P = 0.017). No difference was observed in alpha diversity of MaM or fecal microbiota based on IEL count. There was no difference in beta diversity of the MaM according to IEL count in the terminal ileal (TI) (P = 0.079). High TI IEL counts associated with a significant expansion of the genus Blautia (P = 0.024) and unclassified Clostridiales (P = 0.036) in colon MaM. DISCUSSION A modest but significant increase in IELs was observed in IBS vs. controls in a population-based setting. Subtle TI and cecal inflammation may play a pathogenic role in IBS but needs confirmation. Modest but discernible differences in the colonic MaM were seen according to TI IEL count but not IBS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- NHMRC Center of Research Excellence in Digestive Health Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Marjorie M. Walker
- NHMRC Center of Research Excellence in Digestive Health Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jones
- NHMRC Center of Research Excellence in Digestive Health Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Luisa W. Hugerth
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research, CTMR, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research, CTMR, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Agréus
- Division for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Powell
- NHMRC Center of Research Excellence in Digestive Health Newcastle, Australia
- Division of Digestive Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Lin B, Yan J, Zhong Z, Zheng X. A Study on the Preparation of Microbial and Nonstarch Polysaccharide Enzyme Synergistic Fermented Maize Cob Feed and Its Feeding Efficiency in Finishing Pigs. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:8839148. [PMID: 33274228 PMCID: PMC7683112 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8839148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
1000 g maize cob mixed material was synergistically fermented by adding 2.5% composite probiotics and 0.06-0.08% NSP (nonstarch polysaccharide) enzyme to prepare fermented feed, and its effectiveness as feed for fattening pigs was investigated. The results showed that the appearance, texture, and nutrient quality of maize cobs significantly improved after fermentation, the total number of bacteria was 4.5 × 1010 CFU/g, and the protein content was 7.1%. Compared to the control group, the pigs in the 6% fermented maize cob feed experimental group showed significantly increased daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and nutrient digestion rate (p < 0.05) and reduced feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Most indicators including slaughter performance and meat quality significantly improved. In addition, beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus in the intestines of the finishing pigs significantly increased, and pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli in the intestines and feces were found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The intestinal crypt depth, VH/CD ratio, and ileal mucosal immunity of the finishing pigs also significantly improved (p < 0.05). The cytokine content and gene expression of sIgA, IL-8, and TNF-α were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of 6% fermented maize cob feed to the diets of finishing pigs could promote their growth, improve their production performance and slaughter performance meat quality, and enhance their intestinal microecological balance and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaosheng Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Yi Zhitai Biotechnology (Longyan) Co., Ltd., Longyan 364012, China
| | - Zhilong Zhong
- Longyan Zhenggao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xintian Zheng
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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16
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Yao L, Tang Y, Chen B, Hong W, Xu X, Liu Y, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. Oral exposure of titanium oxide nanoparticles induce ileum physical barrier dysfunction via Th1/Th2 imbalance. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:982-990. [PMID: 32333507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects and the mechanism of intestinal barrier caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Here, the effects of two different dosages (300 and 1200 mg/kg) of TiO2 NPs on female mice (n = 5) were investigated. After 28-day oral exposure, the results of Ti content were significantly increased in the ileum in comparison with the control. The histopathological structure index of the ileum was significantly changed after TiO2 NPs exposure; villi height and crypt depth were decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, TiO2 NPs treatment also significantly altered the transcription levels of genes. First, the GATA-3 and STAT-4 were upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Second, gene expressions of the Zonula Occludens-1, claudin (CLDN)-12, occludin, and myosin light chain kinase were significantly upregulated, while the CLDN-3 was decreased. Finally, the caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-12 were upregulated. The results of TUNEL staining indicated apoptosis in the ileum. In general, TiO2 NPs treatment significantly changed the intestine physical barrier in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs could be through the imbalance in the Th1/Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuding Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Baumgarten HD, Wright CM, Rossidis AC, Lawrence KM, Kim AG, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Orr MN, Coons BE, Butt Z, Li H, Hwang G, Radu A, Brown LJ, Rubenstein RC, Peranteau WH, Davey M, Heuckeroth RO, Flake AW. The EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development Supports Normal Intestinal Maturation and Development. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:623-637. [PMID: 32474164 PMCID: PMC7408362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Extra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) aims to avoid the complications of prematurity, such as NEC. Our goal was to determine if bowel development occurs normally in EXTEND-supported lambs, with specific emphasis on markers of immaturity associated with NEC. METHODS We compared terminal ileum from 17 pre-term lambs supported on EXTEND for 2- 4 weeks to bowel from age-matched fetal lambs that developed in utero. We evaluated morphology, markers of epithelial integrity and maturation, enteric nervous system structure, and bowel motility. RESULTS EXTEND-supported lamb ileum had normal villus height, crypt depth, density of mucin-containing goblet cells, and enteric neuron density. Expression patterns for I-FABP, activated caspase-3 and EGFR were normal in bowel epithelium. Transmural resistance assessed in Ussing chambers was normal. Bowel motility was also normal as assessed by ex vivo organ bath and video imaging. However, Peyer's patch organization did not occur normally in EXTEND ileum, resulting in fewer circulating B cells in experimental animals. CONCLUSION EXTEND supports normal ileal epithelial and enteric nervous system maturation in pre-term lambs. The classic morphologic changes and cellular expression profiles associated with NEC are not seen. However, immune development within the EXTEND supported lamb bowel does not progress normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron D Baumgarten
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M Wright
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avery C Rossidis
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kendall M Lawrence
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aimee G Kim
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Y Mejaddam
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick E McGovern
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa N Orr
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara E Coons
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zoya Butt
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Haiying Li
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace Hwang
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antoneta Radu
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren J Brown
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald C Rubenstein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William H Peranteau
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcus Davey
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan W Flake
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Innocenti GP, Frasca F, Cavallari EN, Celani L, Nonne C, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32357901 PMCID: PMC7195770 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender-specific studies remain a neglected area of biomedical research. Recent reports have emphasized that sex-related biological factors may affect disease progression during HIV-1 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sex on the levels of immune activation in the gut and in peripheral blood of individuals with HIV treated with fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Thirty individuals with HIV undergoing long-term fully suppressive ART were enrolled in this study. Lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from gut biopsies collected by pancolonoscopy and peripheral blood samples. The expression of markers of immune activation was evaluated by multi-parametric flow cytometry. This is a sub analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02276326 RESULTS: We observed differences in the levels of immune activation in the gut and in PBMCs, with values higher in the gut compartment compared to PBMCs. In addition, we found that the mean value of the levels of immune activation was higher in the women than in the men. Finally, we measured the markers of immune activation by mean relative difference (MRD) and confirmed the higher value in the women. CONCLUSION A significant sex-related difference in the level of immune activation was observed in a population of individuals with HIV on long-term ART. A more complete characterization of these differences may support the introduction of sex-specific approaches in the clinical management of individuals with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Liu Y, Yuan X, Li L, Lin L, Zuo X, Cong Y, Li Y. Increased Ileal Immunoglobulin A Production and Immunoglobulin A-Coated Bacteria in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00146. [PMID: 32352710 PMCID: PMC7145038 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune activation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis could induce diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We examined the roles of ileal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-coated bacteria in IBS-D pathogenesis. METHODS Peripheral blood, fecal samples, and ileal and cecal biopsies were collected from 32 healthy volunteers and 44 patients with IBS-D. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to assess differential gene expression. IgA levels in the blood and fecal samples were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgA cells were assessed by immunofluorescence imaging. Flow-cytometry-based IgA bacterial cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (IgA-SEQ) was used to isolate and identify fecal IgA bacteria. RESULTS Fecal IgA, particularly IgA1, was upregulated in patients with IBS-D. IgA class switch and B cell-activating factor-receptor were increased in the terminal ileum of patients. The intestinal microbiota composition was altered in patients compared with that in controls. IgA-SEQ showed that the proportion of fecal IgA-coated bacteria was increased significantly in patients with IBS-D. IgA bacteria in patients with IBS-D showed higher abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Granulicatella, and Haemophilus compared with healthy controls and IgA bacteria in patients with IBS-D. The Escherichia-Shigella IgA coating index was positively correlated with anxiety and depression. The Escherichia-Shigella relative abundance, luminal IgA activity, and some altered IgA-coated bacteria were positively associated with the clinical manifestations of IBS-D. DISCUSSION Microbial dysbiosis may promote the terminal ileal mucosa to produce higher levels of IgA, increasing the proportion of IgA-coated bacteria by activating IgA class switching, which might regulate local inflammation and clinical manifestations in IBS-D. IgA may mediate the effects of microbial dysbiosis on the pathogenesis of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xunyi Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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Zhang S, Mou C, Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang Q. Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:23. [PMID: 32046726 PMCID: PMC7014726 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and is associated with a number of other diseases. PCV2 is widely distributed in most developed swine industries, and is a severe economic burden. With an eye to developing an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against PCV2-associated diseases, we have constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (B. subtilis-Cap) that expresses the PCV2 capsid protein (Cap). METHODS Electroporation of a plasmid shuttle vector encoding the PCV2 Cap sequence was use to transform Bacillus subtilis. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate in vitro bone marrow derived dendritic cell (BM-DC) maturation and T cell proliferation induced by B. subtilis-Cap. Orally inoculated piglets were used for in vivo experiments; ELISA and western blotting were used to evaluate B. subtilis-Cap induced PCV2-specific IgA and IgG levels, as well as the secretion of cytokines and the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). RESULTS We evaluated the immune response to B. subtilis-Cap in vitro using mouse BM-DCs and in vivo using neonatal piglets orally inoculated with B. subtilis-Cap. Our results showed that the recombinant B. subtilis-Cap activated BM-DCs, significantly increased co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD80) and major histocompatibility complex II, and induced allogenic T cells proliferation. Piglets immunized with B. subtilis-Cap had elevated levels of PCV2-specific IgA in the mucosal tissues of the digestive and respiratory tract, and PCV2-specific IgG in serum (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Ileal immunocompetent cells, such as the IgA-secreting cells (P < 0.01), intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) (P < 0.01), CD3+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) increased significantly in the B. subtilis-Cap immunized piglets. Additionally, B. subtilis-Cap inoculation resulted in increased the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 (P < 0.01), and induced the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and β-defensin 2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We constructed a prototype PCV2 vaccine that can be administered orally and elicits a more robust humoral and cellular immunity than inactivated PCV2. B. subtilis-Cap is a promising vaccine candidate that is safe, convenient, and inexpensive. Further in vivo research is needed to determine its full range of efficacy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Su Y, Li S, Xin H, Li J, Li X, Zhang R, Li J, Bao J. Proper cold stimulation starting at an earlier age can enhance immunity and improve adaptability to cold stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:129-141. [PMID: 32416794 PMCID: PMC7587771 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term cold stimulation on the immune function of ileum and adaptability to cold stress in broilers were examined. A total of 360 Arbor Acres broilers was divided into 3 groups and four replicates per group. C (control) was reared in normal thermal environment. C-3 and C-12 (treatments) were kept in cold condition of 3 or 12°C lower than the temperature of C from days 8 to 42. At day 42, all the groups were exposed to an acute cold stress challenge, designated as S, S-3, and S-12. The mRNA levels of immune molecules and heat shock proteins as well as oxidative stress-related indicators in ileum tissues, and immunoglobulins contents in serum were examined at 14, 42, and 43 d of age. The C-3 regimen had no adverse effect on production performance, whereas the C-12 regimen reduced the production performance relative to C (P < 0.05). At day 42, C-3 had higher levels of immune indexes (P < 0.05), whereas C-12 had lower levels than C (P < 0.05). No differences in levels of oxidative stress-related indicators were found between C and C-3 at day 42 (P > 0.05). S-3 had higher levels of immune indexes and lower levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (P < 0.05), as compared to S and S-12. The results suggest that 34 d of cold stimulation at 3°C lower than the normal temperature had no adverse impacts on production performance but enhanced the immunity of ileum and adaptability to acute cold challenge in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongwei Xin
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jiafang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.
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Keirns BH, Anderson KL, Ojo BA, Washburn KF, El-Rassi GD, Lightfoot SA, Carver BF, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. A Comparative Study of Modern and Heirloom Wheat on Indicators of Gastrointestinal Health. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:14027-14037. [PMID: 31771323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat consumption has declined amid growing concerns about gluten-sensitivity. To determine if genetic manipulation of wheat contributes to systemic and localized gut inflammation, we compared the effects of the modern variety Gallagher and a blend of two heirloom varieties, Turkey and Kharkof, on measures of gut inflammation, structural characteristics, and barrier integrity under normal and Western diet (WD) conditions in C57BL/6 mice. Indicators of gut inflammation, including lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine expression, were largely unaffected by WD or wheat, although WD elevated interferon-γ (Ifng) and heirloom varieties modestly reduced interleukin-17 (Il17) in the context of WD. WD negatively affected jejunal villi structure, while the modern variety improved villi structure in the ileum. Relative mRNA and tight junction proteins and serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein were unaltered by WD or wheat. These findings indicate that the modern variety did not compromise barrier function or contribute to gut inflammation compared to its heirloom predecessor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stan A Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma 73104 , United States
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Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zang H, Shao Q, Sun T. Oxymatrine protects against l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and intestine injury involving Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:595-603. [PMID: 31496325 PMCID: PMC6746280 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1657906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oxymatrine (OMT) has various pharmacological effects, including immune reaction regulation, anti-inflammation and anti-hypersensitive reaction. Objective: This is the first report to investigate the molecular mechanism of OMT function in l-arginine (Arg)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) involving intestinal injury. Materials and methods: Rat pancreatic AR42J and small intestinal IEC-6 cells were treated with Arg (200-800 µM) for 48 h plus OMT (4 mg/mL) treatment. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (saline), AP (i.p. of 250 mg/100 g body weight Arg) and OMT (i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg b.w. OMT every 6 h following Arg). Both cells and rats were harvested at 48 h. Results: Arg-induced cell proliferation in both rats AR42J (EC50 633.9 ± 31.4 µM) and IEC-6 cells (EC50 571.3 ± 40.4 µM) in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by OMT (4 mg/mL). Meanwhile, Arg (600 µM) induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, IL-17A/IL-17F and IFN-γ) and activation of p-p38/p-ERK in vitro, which was reversed by OMT. In vivo, OMT (50 mg/kg) inhibited 250 mg/100 g of Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury, including inhibiting Arg-induced inflammatory in pancreas and intestine, inhibiting Arg-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB and p-p38/p-ERK-MAPK signalling, and inhibiting Arg-induced increase of IL-17A/IL-17F, IFN-γ, ROR-γt and T-bet. Meanwhile, OMT inhibited Arg-induced expression of CD44 and CD55 in intestinal injury. Discussion and conclusions: OMT protects against Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury via regulating Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling, which is a promising therapeutic agent in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingliang Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Qingliang Shao Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Schmidt F, Dahlke K, Batra A, Keye J, Wu H, Friedrich M, Glauben R, Ring C, Loh G, Schaubeck M, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z, Schumann M, Kühl AA, Blaut M, Siegmund B. Microbial Colonization in Adulthood Shapes the Intestinal Macrophage Compartment. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1173-1185. [PMID: 30938416 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Contact with distinct microbiota early in life has been shown to educate the mucosal immune system, hence providing protection against immune-mediated diseases. However, the impact of early versus late colonization with regard to the development of the intestinal macrophage compartment has not been studied so far. METHODS Germ-free mice were colonized with specific-pathogen-free [SPF] microbiota at the age of 5 weeks. The ileal and colonic macrophage compartment were analysed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing 1 and 5 weeks after colonization and in age-matched SPF mice, which had had contact with microbiota since birth. To evaluate the functional differences, dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis was induced, and barrier function analyses were undertaken. RESULTS Germ-free mice were characterized by an atrophied intestinal wall and a profoundly reduced number of ileal macrophages. Strikingly, morphological restoration of the intestine occurred within the first week after colonization. In contrast, ileal macrophages required 5 weeks for complete restoration, whereas colonic macrophages were numerically unaffected. However, following DSS exposure, the presence of microbiota was a prerequisite for colonic macrophage infiltration. One week after colonization, mild colonic inflammation was observed, paralleled by a reduced inflammatory response after DSS treatment, in comparison with SPF mice. This attenuated inflammation was paralleled by a lack of TNFα production of LPS-stimulated colonic macrophages from SPF and colonized mice, suggesting desensitization of colonized mice by the colonization itself. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first data indicating that after colonization of adult mice, the numeric, phenotypic, and functional restoration of the macrophage compartment requires the presence of intestinal microbiota and is time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dahlke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Arvind Batra
- Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keye
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Friedrich
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Ring
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gunnar Loh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schumann
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Dothel G, Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Spirito MR, Salaroli R, Bacci ML, Forni M, Ponti FD. Ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric ganglia. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4892-4903. [PMID: 31543681 PMCID: PMC6737320 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. MSC bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell therapies. However, MSC anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans, impairing the reliability of preclinical models.
AIM To evaluate the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from porcine vascular wall MSCs (pVW-MSCs) on survival and differentiation of porcine and guinea pig enteric ganglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
METHODS Primary cultures of enteric ganglia were obtained by mechanic and enzymatic digestion of ileum resections from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (GPEG) and pigs (Suus scrofa) (PEG). pVW-MSCs were derived by enzymatic digestion from vascular wall resections of porcine aorta and tested by immunoflowcytometry for MSC immune profile. Enteric ganglia were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS, CM derived by pVW-MSCs or a combination of CM and LPS 1 µg/mL. Cell count and morphometric analysis of HuD positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive glial cells were performed by immunofluorecent staining of cultured ganglia.
RESULTS PEG showed a higher number of neurons compared to GPEG. Overall, CM exerted a protective role on LPS-treated enteric ganglia. CM in combination with LPS increased the number of glial cells per ganglion in both cultures evoking glial cells differentiation in porcine cultures.
CONCLUSION These findings suggest an immunomodulating activity of pVW-MSCs mediators on the enteric nervous system in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dothel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Spirito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Christerson U, Keita ÅV, Winberg ME, Söderholm JD, Gustafson-Svärd C. Possible Involvement of Intracellular Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A 2 in the Release of Secretory Phospholipases from Mast Cells-Increased Expression in Ileal Mast Cells of Crohn's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070672. [PMID: 31277247 PMCID: PMC6678282 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased activity of secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) type-II was previously observed in ileum of Crohn’s disease (CD). Our aims were to explore the involvement of calcium-independent (i)PLA2β in the release of sPLA2s from the human mast cell (MC) line (HMC-1) and investigate expressions of cytosolic (c)PLA2α, iPLA2β, sPLA2-IIA and sPLA2-V in MCs of CD ileum. The release of sPLA2 was investigated in HMC-1 by immunocytochemistry and ELISA. The expression intensities of PLA2s in mucosal MCs, and the proportion of PLA2-positive MCs, were investigated in normal ileum and in ileum from patients with CD by immunohistochemistry. The calcium ionophore-stimulated release of sPLA2-IIA and sPLA2-V from HMC-1 was reduced by the iPLA2-inhibitor bromoenol lactone. All four PLA2s were detectable in mucosal MCs, both in normal ileum and in CD, but the proportion of iPLA2β-containing mucosal MCs and the expression intensity of sPLA2-IIA was increased in CD. Results indicate that iPLA2β is involved in the secretion of sPLA2s from HMC-1, and suggest that iPLA2β-mediated release of sPLA2 from intestinal MCs may contribute to CD pathophysiology. Ex vivo studies on isolated mucosal mast cells are however needed to clarify the precise role of MC PLA2s in the inflammatory processes of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Christerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics & Oncology, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin E Winberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics & Oncology, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics & Oncology, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christina Gustafson-Svärd
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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27
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Wang W, Sun M, Zheng YL, Sun LY, Qu SQ. Effects of Bifidobacterium infantis on cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the ileum of rats with endotoxin injury. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2924-2934. [PMID: 31249450 PMCID: PMC6589735 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The digestive tract is the maximal immunizing tissue in the body, and mucosal integrity and functional status of the gut is very important to maintain a healthy organism. Severe infection is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal dysfunction, and the pathogenesis is closely related to endotoxemia and intestinal barrier injury. Bifidobacterium is one of the main probiotics in the human body that is involved in digestion, absorption, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity. Bifidobacterium plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. This study investigated the protective mechanism of Bifidobacterium during ileal injury in rats.
AIM To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium on cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the ileum of rats with endotoxin injury.
METHODS Preweaning rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (group C), model (group E) and treatment (group T). Group E was intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to create an animal model of intestinal injury. Group T was intragastrically administered Bifidobacterium suspension 7 d before LPS. Group C was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. The rats were killed at 2, 6 or 12 h after LPS or physiological saline injection to collect ileal tissue samples. The expression of ileal CINC mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and expression of ileal IGF-1 protein and mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively.
RESULTS The ileum of rats in Group C did not express CINC mRNA, ileums from Group E expressed high levels, which was then significantly decreased in Group T (F = 23.947, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CINC mRNA expression at different times (F = 0.665, P > 0.05). There was a high level of IGF-1 brown granules in ileal crypts and epithelial cells in Group C, sparse staining in Group E, and dark, dense brown staining in Group T. There was a significant difference between Groups C and E and Groups E and T (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IGF-1 protein expression at different times (F = 1.269, P > 0.05). IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05), though not at different times (F = 0.086, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Expression of CINC mRNA increased in the ileum of preweaning rats with endotoxin injury, and exogenous administration of Bifidobacterium reduced CINC mRNA expression. IGF-1 protein and mRNA expression decreased in the ileum of preweaning rats with endotoxin injury, and exogenous administration of Bifidobacterium prevented the decrease in IGF-1 expression. Bifidobacterium may increase IGF-1 expression and enhance intestinal immune barrier function in rats with endotoxin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liu-Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Senda T, Dogra P, Granot T, Furuhashi K, Snyder ME, Carpenter DJ, Szabo PA, Thapa P, Miron M, Farber DL. Microanatomical dissection of human intestinal T-cell immunity reveals site-specific changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues over life. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:378-389. [PMID: 30523311 PMCID: PMC6375790 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining adaptive immunity with the complex structures of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract over life is essential for understanding immune responses to ingested antigens, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, and dysfunctions in disease. We present here an analysis of lymphocyte localization and T cell subset composition across the human GI tract including mucosal sites (jejunum, ileum, colon), gut-associated lymphoid tissues (isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), appendix), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from a total of 68 donors spanning eight decades of life. In pediatric donors, ILFs and PP containing naïve T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are prevalent in the jejunum and ileum, respectively; these decline in frequency with age, contrasting stable frequencies of ILFs and T cell subsets in the colon. In the mucosa, tissue resident memory T cells develop during childhood, and persist in high frequencies into advanced ages, while T cell composition changes with age in GALT and MLN. These spatial and temporal features of human intestinal T cell immunity define signatures that can be used to train predictive machine learning algorithms. Our findings demonstrate an anatomic basis for age-associated alterations in immune responses, and establish a quantitative baseline for intestinal immunity to define disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomer Granot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Compugen, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Li Q, Schmitz-Esser S, Loving CL, Gabler NK, Gould SA, Patience JF. Exogenous carbohydrases added to a starter diet reduced markers of systemic immune activation and decreased Lactobacillus in weaned pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1242-1253. [PMID: 30590571 PMCID: PMC6396408 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impact of carbohydrases on performance and nutrient utilization has been well studied, their effects on immune status and intestinal microbiota are less known in pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of xylanase (X) and a carbohydrase enzyme blend (EB; cellulase, ß-glucanase, and xylanase) on the immune profile of the intestine and peripheral system as well as intestinal microbes and microbial metabolites of weaned pigs fed higher fiber diets. Pigs (n = 460; 6.43 ± 0.06 kg BW; F25 × 6.0 Genetiporc) were blocked by initial BW. Pens (n = 48; 12 per treatment; 9 or 10 pigs per pen) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, including a higher fiber control diet (CON) and the CON supplemented with 0.01% X, 0.01% EB, or both enzymes (X + EB), arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. The diets were based on corn, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, and wheat middlings. After 7-d adaptation to the environment, pigs were fed experimental diets ad libitum for 28 d. Blood samples were collected from the same pig within each pen on days 0, 7, 14, and 28. Intestinal tissues and digesta were collected on day 28. Bacteria 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were quantified using qPCR. The mRNA levels of colonic IL-17, occludin (OCLN), and claudin 3 (CLDN3) were greater in pigs fed diets with X + EB, but not X or EB, compared with those fed CON (P < 0.05). The EB in the diet reduced plasma IL-8 over the 28-d trial compared with diets without EB (P < 0.05). There was an X × EB interaction on plasma tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1ß (P < 0.05); their levels were decreased when X and EB were added together, but not individually, compared with CON. The EB decreased cecal propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05). Pigs fed X had lower ileal Lactobacillus and greater ileal and cecal Enterobacteriaceae compared with those fed unsupplemented diets (P < 0.05). The EB decreased Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease (P = 0.065) Enterobacteriaceae in the colon compared with diets without EB. In conclusion, the addition of X and EB together decreased systemic markers of immune activation, potentially diverting energy and nutrients towards growth. The EB reduced colonic Lactobacillus and cecal total volatile fatty acids, probably due to improved prececal fiber and starch degradation and thus reduced substrate availability in the large intestine. These data corroborated previously observed enhanced growth in pigs fed EB-supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | | | - Stacie A Gould
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - John F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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30
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Huang XY, Sun WY, Yan ZQ, Shi HR, Yang QL, Wang PF, Li SG, Liu LX, Zhao SG, Gun SB. Novel Insights reveal Anti-microbial Gene Regulation of Piglet Intestine Immune in response to Clostridium perfringens Infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1963. [PMID: 30760749 PMCID: PMC6374412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA play important roles in regulation of host immune and inflammation responses in defending bacterial infection. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is one of primary bacteria leading to piglet diarrhea and other intestinal inflammatory diseases. For the differences of host immune capacity, individuals usually show resistance and susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, whether and how lncRNAs involved in modulating host immune resistance have not been reported. We have investigated the expression patterns of ileum lncRNAs of 7-day-old piglets infected by C. perfringens type C through RNA sequencing. A total of 16 lncRNAs and 126 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in resistance (IR) and susceptibility (IS) groups. Many lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified to regulate resistance and susceptibility of piglets through immune related pathways. Five lncRNAs may have potential function on regulating the expressions of cytokines, these lncRNAs and cytokines work together to co-regulated piglet immune response to C. perfringens, affecting host resistance and susceptibility. These results provide valuable information for understanding the functions of lncRNA and mRNA in affecting piglet diarrhea resistance of defensing to C. perfringens type C, these lncRNAs and mRNAs may be used as the important biomarkers for decreasing C. perfringens spread and diseases in human and piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wen Yang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zun Qiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hai Ren Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiao Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Peng Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sheng Gui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Li Xia Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Sheng Guo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shuang Bao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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31
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Ferrandis Vila M, Trudeau MP, Hung YT, Zeng Z, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Saqui-Salces M. Dietary fiber sources and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes modify mucin expression and the immune profile of the swine ileum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207196. [PMID: 30408134 PMCID: PMC6224153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their complex chemical and physical properties, the effects and mechanisms of action of natural sources of dietary fiber on the intestine are unclear. Pigs are commonly fed high-fiber diets to reduce production costs and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading enzymes have been used to increase fiber digestibility. We evaluated the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), presence of goblet cells, and ileal immune profile of pigs housed individually for 28 days and fed either a low fiber diet based on corn-soybean meal (CSB, n = 9), or two high fiber diets formulated adding 40% corn distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS, n = 9) or 30% wheat middlings (WM, n = 9) to CSB-based diet. Pigs were also fed those diets supplemented with a NSP enzymes mix (E) of xylanase, β-glucanase, mannanase, and galactosidase (n = 8, 10, and 9 for CSB+E, DDGS+E and WM+E, respectively). Feeding DDGS and WM diets increased ileal MUC2 expression compared with CSB diet, and this effect was reversed by the addition of enzymes. There were no differences in abundance of goblet cells among treatments. In general, enzyme supplementation increased gene expression and concentrations of IL-1β, and reduced the concentrations of IL-4, IL-17A and IL-11. The effects of diet-induced cytokines on modulating intestinal MUC2 were assessed in vitro by treating mouse and swine enteroids with 1 ng/ml of IL-4 and IL-1β. In accordance with previous studies, treatment with Il-4 induced Muc2 and expansion of goblet cells in mouse enteroids. However, swine enteroids did not change MUC2 expression or number of goblet cells when treated with IL-4 or IL-1β. Our results suggest that mucin and immune profile are regulated by diet in the swine intestine, but by mechanisms different to mouse, emphasizing the need for using appropriate models to study responses to dietary fiber in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferrandis Vila
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michaela P. Trudeau
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Tai Hung
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhikai Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Pedro E. Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gerald C. Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Wasowicz K, Winnicka A, Kaleczyc J, Zalecki M, Podlasz P, Pidsudko Z. Neuropeptides and lymphocyte populations in the porcine ileum and ileocecal lymph nodes during postnatal life. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196458. [PMID: 29813072 PMCID: PMC5973590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation-related changes in the concentrations of galanin (Gal), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (Som), as well as in subpopulations of lymphocytes expressing antigens CD2 (lymphocytes T), CD4 (T helper), CD8 (T cytotoxic), CD21 (B lymphocytes), CD5-/CD8+ (NK cells) and TCRgamma/delta (gut mucosal/intraepitelial cells) were studied in the ileal Peyer's patches and ileo-cecal lymph nodes in female pigs aged 3 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 4 months. As regards neuropeptide concentrations statistically significant changes in the ileum and lymph nodes were found only in case of Gal and VIP. The concentrations of neuropeptides were significantly higher only in new-born animals. As regards the changes in subpopulations of lymphocytes, statistically significant changes were noticed only in 4-months old animals and were dealing only with CD2+ and TCRgamma/delta cells in the ileum as well as CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ and TCRgamma/delta in lymph nodes. The highest number of CD8+, CD21+ and TCRgamma/delta lymphocytes occurred in 4-months old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wasowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michal Zalecki
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zenon Pidsudko
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Cromer WE, Zawieja DC. Acute exposure to space flight results in evidence of reduced lymph Transport, tissue fluid Shifts, and immune alterations in the rat gastrointestinal system. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2018; 17:74-82. [PMID: 29753416 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Space flight causes a number of alterations in physiological systems, changes in the immunological status of subjects, and altered interactions of the host to environmental stimuli. We studied the effect of space flight on the lymphatic system of the gastrointestinal tract which is responsible for lipid transport and immune surveillance which includes the host interaction with the gut microbiome. We found that there were signs of tissue damage present in the space flown animals that was lacking in ground controls (epithelial damage, crypt morphological changes, etc.). Additionally, morphology of the lymphatic vessels in the tissue suggested a collapsed state at time of harvest and there was a profound change in the retention of lipid in the villi of the ileum. Contrary to our assumptions there was a reduction in tissue fluid volume likely associated with other fluid shifts described. The reduction of tissue fluid volume in the colon and ileum is a likely contributing factor to the state of the lymphatic vessels and lipid transport issues observed. There were also associated changes in the number of MHC-II+ immune cells in the colon tissue, which along with reduced lymphatic competence would favor immune dysfunction in the tissue. These findings help expand our understanding of the effects of space flight on various organ systems. It also points out potential issues that have not been closely examined and have to potential for the need of countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Cromer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, United States.
| | - D C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, United States
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Kubota A, Kobayashi M, Sarashina S, Takeno R, Okamoto K, Narumi K, Furugen A, Suzuki Y, Takahashi N, Iseki K. Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Modulates IgA production and alpha-defensin expression in the rat small intestine. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 214:240-243. [PMID: 29248453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion and alpha-defensins play a role in the innate immune system to protect against infection. Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Reishi) is a well-known mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to determine the effects of Reishi on IgA secretion from Peyer's patch (PP) cells and alpha-defensin-5 (RD-5) and RD-6 expression in the rat small intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats received an oral injection of 0.5-5mg/kg of Reishi powder (1mL/kg) by sonde. All animals were euthanized 24h after Reishi administration. We examined RD-5, RD-6, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mRNA levels in the jejunum, ileum, and in Peyer's patches (PP) through quantitative real-time PCR analysis. IgA secretion from PP was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the supernatant after primary culture. RESULTS Reishi increased IgA secretion in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased TLR4 mRNA levels, but had no effect on the viability of PP cells. Moreover, Reishi increased RD-5, RD-6, and TLR4 mRNA levels significantly in the ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Reishi can induce IgA secretion and increase the mRNA levels of RD-5 and RD-6 in the rat small intestine, through a TLR4-dependent pathway. The present results indicate that Reishi might reduce the risk of intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Kubota
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Sota Sarashina
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Natsuko Takahashi
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan.
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
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Gathungu G, Zhang Y, Tian X, Bonkowski E, Rowehl L, Krumsiek J, Nix B, Chalk C, Trapnell B, Zhu W, Newberry R, Denson L, Li E. Impaired granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor bioactivity accelerates surgical recurrence in ileal Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:623-630. [PMID: 29434451 PMCID: PMC5799863 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i5.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) auto-antibodies (Ab) level and time to surgical recurrence after initial surgery for Crohn’s disease (CD).
METHODS We reviewed 412 charts from a clinical database at tertiary academic hospital. Patients included in the study had ileal or ileocolonic CD and surgical resection of small bowel or ileocecal region for management of disease. Serum samples were analyzed for serological assays including GM-CSF cytokine, GM-CSF Ab, ASCA IgG and IgA, and genetic markers including SNPs rs2066843, rs2066844, rs2066845, rs2076756 and rs2066847 in NOD2, rs2241880 in ATG16L1, and rs13361189 in IRGM. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the predictors of surgical recurrence.
RESULTS Ninety six percent of patients underwent initial ileocecal resection (ICR) or ileal resection (IR) and subsequently 40% of patients required a second ICR/IR for CD. GM-CSF Ab level was elevated at a median of 3.81 mcg/mL. Factors predicting faster time to a second surgery included elevated GM-CSF Ab [hazard ratio (HR) 3.52, 95%CI: 1.45-8.53, P = 0.005] and elevated GM-CSF cytokine (HR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.31-4.70, P = 0.005). Factors predicting longer duration between first and second surgery included use of Immunomodulators (HR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.77, P = 0.002), the interaction effect of low GM-CSF Ab levels and smoking (HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.81, P = 0.001) and the interaction effect of low GM-CSF cytokine levels and ATG16L1 (HR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88, P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION GM-CSF bioavailability plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Decreased bioavailability coupled with the genetic risk markers and/or smoking results in aggressive CD behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gathungu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Erin Bonkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Leahana Rowehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Julia Krumsiek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Billy Nix
- Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Claudia Chalk
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Bruce Trapnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United states
| | - Rodney Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Lee Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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Kochlamasashvili B, Gogiashvili L, Jandieri K. [IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERNSHIP WITH SYMBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS IN GNOTOBIOTIC ANIMAL'S INTESTINUM ILEUM]. Georgian Med News 2017:127-133. [PMID: 29227271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structures, responsible for acceptive (comensaling relation) and protective (pathogenic defense) immunity, were studied and compared in small intestine - to ileum mucosa. Data shown, that main application of the both domains of immune system is to support the correlation between body and foreign microbes, but they response is different. Most significant differences are as follows: in acceptive reactions presented only in aseptic animals - gnotobionts, inflammatory changes absent, so immune reaction complex develops into physiological condition. Symbiotic reactions release in mucosa epithelial cells, also in cells, responsible for adaptive and congenital immune reactivity. Thus, acceptive immune reactions contribute symbiotic biocenosis versus elimination; which is function of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kochlamasashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, A. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Gogiashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, A. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K Jandieri
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, A. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Li J, Doty AL, Tang Y, Berrie D, Iqbal A, Tan SA, Clare‐Salzler MJ, Wallet SM, Glover SC. Enrichment of IL-17A + IFN-γ + and IL-22 + IFN-γ + T cell subsets is associated with reduction of NKp44 + ILC3s in the terminal ileum of Crohn's disease patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:143-153. [PMID: 28586085 PMCID: PMC5588779 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the human gastrointestinal tract whose aetiology remains largely unknown. Dysregulated adaptive immune responses and defective innate immunity both contribute to this process. In this study, we demonstrated that the interleukin (IL)-17A+ interferon (IFN)-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets accumulated specifically in the inflamed terminal ileum of CD patients. These cells had higher expression of Ki-67 and were active cytokine producers. In addition, their proportions within both the IL-17A-producer and IL-22-producer populations were increased significantly. These data suggest that IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets might represent the pathogenic T helper type 17 (Th17) population in the context of intestinal inflammation for CD patients. In the innate immunity compartment we detected a dramatic alteration of both phenotype and function of the intestinal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), that play an important role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. In the inflamed gut the frequency of the NKp44- CD117- ILC1s subset was increased significantly, while the frequency of NKp44+ ILC3s was reduced. Furthermore, the frequency of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)-expressing-NKp44+ ILC3s was also reduced significantly. Interestingly, the decrease in the NKp44+ ILC3s population was associated with an increase of pathogenic IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the adaptive compartment. This might suggest a potential link between NKp44+ ILC3s and the IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the terminal ileum of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - A. L. Doty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Y. Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - D. Berrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - A. Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. A. Tan
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - M. J. Clare‐Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of DentistryUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. C. Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Perry T, Laffin M, Fedorak RN, Thiesen A, Dicken B, Madsen KL. Ileocolic resection is associated with increased susceptibility to injury in a murine model of colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184660. [PMID: 28922370 PMCID: PMC5603159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ileocolic resection (ICR) is the most common intestinal resection performed for Crohn's disease, with recurrences commonly occurring at the site of the anastomosis. This study used an animal model of ICR in wild-type mice to examine immunologic changes that developed around the surgical anastomosis and how these changes impacted gut responses to minor acute injury. ICR was performed in adult 129S1/SvlmJ mice and results compared with mice receiving sham or no surgery. Dextran sodium sulfate was given either on post-operative day 9 or day 24 to evaluate immune responses in the intestine both immediately following surgery and after a period of healing. Fecal occult blood measurements and animal weights were taken daily. Cytokine levels were measured in ileal and colonic tissue. Bacterial load in the neo-terminal ileum was measured using qPCR. Immune cell populations in the intestinal tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were assessed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion in response to microbial products was measured in isolated mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen cells. ICR resulted in an initial elevation of inflammatory markers in the terminal ileum and colon followed by enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. Intestinal surgical resection resulted in the recruitment of innate immune cells into the colon that exhibited a non-responsiveness to microbial stimuli. DSS colitis phenotype was more severe in the ileocolic resection groups and this was associated with local and systemic immunosuppression as evidenced by a reduced cytokine responses to microbial stimuli. This study reveals the development of an immune non-responsiveness to microbial products following ileocolic resection that is associated with enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. These surgical-induced altered immune-microbial interactions in the intestine may contribute to disease recurrence at the surgical anastomosis site following ileocolic resections in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard N. Fedorak
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan Dicken
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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39
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Dong Y, Han Y, Wang Z, Qin Z, Yang C, Cao J, Chen Y. Role of serotonin on the intestinal mucosal immune response to stress-induced diarrhea in weaning mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:82. [PMID: 28633646 PMCID: PMC5479009 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During weaning, babies and young animal often experience diarrhea from food intolerance and/or decreasing levels of maternal antibodies, and diarrhea tends to be particularly severe during the early-weaned period, which often exhibits an underdeveloped immune system, a disturbed gut environment and results in nutrient malabsorption and dehydration. It was deduced that neuroendocrine might have close relation with diarrhea, especially 5-HT. METHODS To explore the role of serotonin (5-HT) in weaning mice subjected to stress-induced diarrhea, 21-day-old weaned mice were divided into the following groups: control group, stress-induced diarrhea group (restrained by binding the hind limbs and intragastric administration of folium sennae with 0.4 g/mL, 15 mL/kg body weight) and para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) + stress-induced diarrhea group (30 mg/mL, 300 mg/kg body weight PCPA intraperitoneal injection before stress-induced diarrhea treatment). RESULTS Based on results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, histological staining, lymphocyte proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis, we found that the mice experienced increases in several stress markers, which coincided with severe diarrhea and an increase in 5-HT levels. However, pre-treatment with PCPA resulted in a decrease in the stress indicators and the severity of diarrhea, which correlated with decreased 5-HT levels. Interestingly, stress-induced diarrhea caused changes in various aspects of the immune system, including the amount of intraepithelium lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, B and T lymphocyte proliferation, and the secretion of sIgA and cytokines in the small intestine and ileum. However, these immune system changes could be reversed upon treatment with PCPA. CONCLUSIONS We observed a distinct correlation between 5-HT levels and the occurrence of stress-induced diarrhea in weaning mice, which may result in the deregulation of the mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoming Qin
- Institute of Poultry, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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40
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Flannigan KL, Ngo VL, Geem D, Harusato A, Hirota SA, Parkos CA, Lukacs NW, Nusrat A, Gaboriau-Routhiau V, Cerf-Bensussan N, Gewirtz AT, Denning TL. IL-17A-mediated neutrophil recruitment limits expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:673-684. [PMID: 27624780 PMCID: PMC5350071 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific components of the intestinal microbiota are capable of influencing immune responses such that a mutualistic relationship is established. In mice, colonization with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induces T-helper-17 (Th17) cell differentiation in the intestine, yet the effector functions of interleukin (IL)-17A in response to SFB remain incompletely understood. Here we report that colonization of mice with SFB-containing microbiota induced IL-17A- and CXCR2-dependent recruitment of neutrophils to the ileum. This response required adaptive immunity, as Rag-deficient mice colonized with SFB-containing microbiota failed to induce IL-17A, CXCL1 and CXCL2, and displayed defective neutrophil recruitment to the ileum. Interestingly, neutrophil depletion in wild-type mice resulted in significantly augmented Th17 responses and SFB expansion, which correlated with impaired expression of IL-22 and antimicrobial peptides. These data provide novel insight into a dynamic IL-17A-CXCR2-neutrophil axis during acute SFB colonization and demonstrate a central role for neutrophils in limiting SFB expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Flannigan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V L Ngo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - D Geem
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A Harusato
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S A Hirota
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - N W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - A Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V Gaboriau-Routhiau
- INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N Cerf-Bensussan
- INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - A T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - T L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Liu G, Ren W, Fang J, Hu CAA, Guan G, Al-Dhabi NA, Yin J, Duraipandiyan V, Chen S, Peng Y, Yin Y. L-Glutamine and L-arginine protect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection via intestinal innate immunity in mice. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1945-1954. [PMID: 28299479 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary glutamine (Gln) or arginine (Arg) supplementation is beneficial for intestinal health; however, whether Gln or Arg may confer protection against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is not known. To address this, we used an ETEC-infected murine model to investigate the protective effects of Gln and Arg. Experimentally, we pre-treated mice with designed diet of Gln or Arg supplementation prior to the oral ETEC infection and then assessed mouse mortality and intestinal bacterial burden. We also determined the markers of intestinal innate immunity in treated mice, including secretory IgA response (SIgA), mucins from goblet cells, as well as antimicrobial peptides from Paneth cells. ETEC colonized in mouse small intestine, including duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and inhibited the mRNA expression of intestinal immune factors, such as polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), cryptdin-related sequence 1C (CRS1C), and Reg3γ. We found that dietary Gln or Arg supplementation decreased bacterial colonization and promoted the activation of innate immunity (e.g., the mRNA expression of pIgR, CRS1C, and Reg3γ) in the intestine of ETEC-infected mice. Our results suggest that dietary arginine or glutamine supplementation may inhibit intestinal ETEC infection through intestinal innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz 258, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Ishioka M, Miura K, Minami S, Shimura Y, Ohnishi H. Altered Gut Microbiota Composition and Immune Response in Experimental Steatohepatitis Mouse Models. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:396-406. [PMID: 27913996 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several types of diet have been used in experimental steatohepatitis models, comparison of gut microbiota and immunological alterations in the gut among diets has not yet been performed. AIM We attempted to clarify the difference in the gut environment between mice administrated several experimental diets. METHODS Male wild-type mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet, a choline-deficient amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet, and a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks. We compared the severity of steatohepatitis, the composition of gut microbiota, and the intestinal expression of interleukin (IL)-17, an immune modulator. RESULTS Steatohepatitis was most severe in the mice fed the CDAA diet, followed by the MCD diet, and the HF diet. Analysis of gut microbiota showed that the composition of the Firmicutes phylum differed markedly at order level between the mice fed the CDAA and HF diet. The CDAA diet increased the abundance of Clostridiales, while the HF diet increased that of lactate-producing bacteria. In addition, the CDAA diet decreased the abundance of lactate-producing bacteria and antiinflammatory bacterium Parabacteroides goldsteinii in the phylum Bacteroidetes. In CDAA-fed mice, IL-17 levels were increased in ileum as well as portal vein. In addition, the CDAA diet also elevated hepatic expression of chemokines, downstream targets of IL-17. CONCLUSIONS The composition of gut microbiota and IL-17 expression varied considerably between mice administrated different experimental diets to induce steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ishioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Shimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Hirohide Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Zhou Y, Yuan HR, Cui L, Ansari AR, Xiao K, Luo Y, Wu XT, Guo L, Khan FA, Yang Z, Song H. Effects of visfatin on the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells in immunological stressed rats. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:26-31. [PMID: 27884396 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine if visfatin is involved in the inflammation or apoptosis introduced by LPS in rats. Forty 8-week old Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10 in each group) and injected with saline, visfatin, LPS and visfatin+LPS co-stimulated via caudal vein. The duodenum, jejunum and ileum were harvested from all the rats. Compared to the saline treated group, visfatin significantly increased the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells and the expression of caspase-3 protein in intestinal mucosa. Similarly, ELISA and western blot analysis also showed the up-regulation of pro-caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expression in the visfatin group compared to the control group. In contrast to LPS, visfatin down-regulated the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 in the visfatin+LPS co-stimulated group, resulting in a significant decrease in apoptosis in intestinal mucosal cells. We observed more pro-caspase-3 positive cells in the visfatin+LPS co-stimulated group. The results indicate that, in the presence of LPS, visfatin plays an important role in the regulation of cell apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Huai-Rui Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - You Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Xin-Tong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,China.
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Butler JE, Santiago-Mateo K, Wertz N, Sun X, Sinkora M, Francis DL. Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XXIV. Hypothesis: The ileal Peyer patches (IPP) are the major source of primary, undiversified IgA antibodies in newborn piglets. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 65:340-351. [PMID: 27497872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ileal Peyers patches (IPP) of newborn germfree (GF) piglets were isolated into blind loops and the piglets colonized with a defined probiotic microflora. After 5 weeks, IgA levels in the intestinal lavage (IL) of loop piglets remained at GF levels and IgM comprised ∼70% while in controls, IgA levels were elevated 5-fold and comprised ∼70% of total Igs. Loop piglets also had reduced serum IgA levels suggesting the source of serum IgA had been interrupted. The isotype profile for loop contents was intermediate between that in the IL of GF and probiotic controls. Surprisingly, colonization alone did not result in repertoire diversification in the IPP. Rather, colonization promoted pronounced proliferation of fully switched IgA(+)IgM(-) B cells in the IPP that supply early, non-diversified "natural" SIgA antibodies to the gut lumen and a primary IgA response in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | | - Nancy Wertz
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - David L Francis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD, USA
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Tanaka S, Sato M, Onitsuka T, Kamata H, Yokomizo Y. Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Different Types of Granulomatous Lesions during Asymptomatic Stages of Bovine Paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:579-88. [PMID: 16145204 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-5-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The granulomatous lesions in bovine paratuberculosis have been classified into two types, i.e., the lepromatous type and the tuberculoid type. To clarify the immunopathologic mechanisms at the site of infection, we compared inflammatory cytokine gene expression between the two types of lesions. Samples were obtained from noninfected control cows ( n =5) and naturally infected cows ( n =7) that were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal culture test. Although none of the infected cows showed clinical signs, tuberculoid lesions were observed in five cows (tuberculoid group) and lepromatous lesions in two cows (lepromatous group). Among the cytokines examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Th2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and Th1-type cytokine IL-2 were expressed more significantly in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid ( P < 0.01) and noninfected groups ( P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the expression of interferon-gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF among lepromatous, tuberculoid, and noninfected groups. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 mRNA, however, did not differ among the three groups; IL-18 was expressed at lower levels in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid group and the noninfected group ( P < 0.0001). Moreover, the number of cells in which IL-18 mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization was markedly decreased in the lepromatous group. These results indicate that the formation of lepromatous-type lesions or tuberculoid-type lesions may be influenced by alterations in Th1/Th2-type cytokine production and that IL-18 may play an important role in a Th1-to-Th2 switch in paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanaka
- Comparative Pathology Section, Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Chuzan-cho 2702, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan.
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Monteleone I, Marafini I, Zorzi F, Di Fusco D, Dinallo V, Rizzo A, Sileri P, Sica G, Monteleone G. Smad7 Knockdown Restores Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-mediated Protective Signals in the Gut. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:670-7. [PMID: 26818761 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In Crohn's disease [CD], the pathological process is driven by an excessive immune response that is poorly counterbalanced by regulatory mechanisms. One such a mechanism involves aryl hydrocarbon receptor [AhR], a transcription factor that delivers protective signals in the gut. Expression of AhR is reduced in CD lamina propria mononuclear cells [LPMC] even though factors accounting for such a defect remain unknown. Since CD LPMC express elevated levels of Smad7, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β1] activity, and TGF-β1 regulates AhR in other systems, we examined the link between AhR and Smad7 in the gut. METHODS AhR and interleukin [IL]-22 were evaluated in normal LPMC stimulated with TGF-β1 and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole [Ficz], an activator of AhR, and in CD LPMC incubated with a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide and then stimulated with Ficz and TGF-β1. AhR and IL-22 expression was evaluated in LPMC of Smad7-transgenic mice. Finally, we evaluated the protective effect of Ficz on colitis in RAG1 mice injected with naïve or Smad7-overexpressing T cells. RESULTS In normal LPMC, TGF-β1 induced AhR and this event was associated with increased production of IL-22 following stimulation with Ficz. Treatment of CD LPMC with Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide enabled TGF-β1 to enhance AhR expression. Consistently, AhR expression and Ficz-induced IL-22 production were markedly reduced in T cells of Smad7-transgenic mice. In RAG1 mice, Ficz ameliorated colitis induced by wild type T cells but did not affect colitis induced by transfer of Smad7-overexpressing T cells. CONCLUSIONS The inverse correlation between Smad7 and AhR expression helps to propagate inflammatory signals in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierpaolo Sileri
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Gounder AP, Myers ND, Treuting PM, Bromme BA, Wilson SS, Wiens ME, Lu W, Ouellette AJ, Spindler KR, Parks WC, Smith JG. Defensins Potentiate a Neutralizing Antibody Response to Enteric Viral Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005474. [PMID: 26933888 PMCID: PMC4774934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α-defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides with broad, potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities in vitro. Although their contribution to host defense against bacteria in vivo has been demonstrated, comparable studies of their antiviral activity in vivo are lacking. Using a mouse model deficient in activated α-defensins in the small intestine, we show that Paneth cell α-defensins protect mice from oral infection by a pathogenic virus, mouse adenovirus 1 (MAdV-1). Survival differences between mouse genotypes are lost upon parenteral MAdV-1 infection, strongly implicating a role for intestinal defenses in attenuating pathogenesis. Although differences in α-defensin expression impact the composition of the ileal commensal bacterial population, depletion studies using broad-spectrum antibiotics revealed no effect of the microbiota on α-defensin-dependent viral pathogenesis. Moreover, despite the sensitivity of MAdV-1 infection to α-defensin neutralization in cell culture, we observed no barrier effect due to Paneth cell α-defensin activation on the kinetics and magnitude of MAdV-1 dissemination to the brain. Rather, a protective neutralizing antibody response was delayed in the absence of α-defensins. This effect was specific to oral viral infection, because antibody responses to parenteral or mucosal ovalbumin exposure were not affected by α-defensin deficiency. Thus, α-defensins play an important role as adjuvants in antiviral immunity in vivo that is distinct from their direct antiviral activity observed in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu P. Gounder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicolle D. Myers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Piper M. Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Bromme
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mayim E. Wiens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - André J. Ouellette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USC Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Spindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William C. Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aqil B, Xie W, Szigeti R. Lambda Immunoglobulin Light Chain Restricted B Cells in the Ascitic Fluid in Association with Terminal Ileal Florid Follicular Hyperplasia. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2016; 46:87-89. [PMID: 26927349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing reactive changes from neoplastic processes during lymphoid tissue evaluation is oftentimes difficult. Ancillary studies, such as flow cytometry, may aid the diagnosis by demonstrating monotypic or polytypic light chain expression on the B cells. The detection of immunoglobulin light chain restricted B cell population is considered a surrogate marker of clonality, which can be confirmed by molecular assays. In general, the presence of a monotypic B cell population in the ascitic fluid is considered lymphomatous involvement rather than a reactive condition. We describe a young, previously healthy male patient who developed ascites with a lambda light chain restricted B cell population. Further investigation revealed florid follicular hyperplasia, histologically mimicking diffuse large B cell lymphoma, in the terminal ileum. Follicular hyperplasia in the gastrointestinal tract with lambda light chain restricted B cells has been recently described in the pediatric population. Importantly, our case demonstrates that such entity can occur in older age groups. This recognition could prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barina Aqil
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reka Szigeti
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Innate lymphocytes play a key role in maintaining the immune bowel barrier, which provides resistance to infection. However, the effects of probiotics on changes in the function of innate lymphocytes in the postoperative intestine remain known. METHODS Ninety-six male SD rats were divided into the blank group and the preoperative Lactobacillus intervention group, and parts of the ileum were sampled on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 after partial small bowel resection. Distal ileum samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry to detect IL-5, IL-13, IL-17a and IL-22. RESULTS (1) There were more immune cells in the experimental group than in the blank group on day. (2) After the first 3 days, the levels of IL-22 and IL-5 (p = 0.024) were higher in the experimental group than in the blank group. From the third to the fifth day, the IL-5 and IL-22 levels were higher and the IL-13 and IL-17A levels were lower in the experimental group than in the blank group. From the fifth to the seventh day, the IL-5 and IL-13 levels were lower and the IL-22 and IL17A levels were higher in the experimental group than in the blank group. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics stabilize the fluctuation of the intestinal immune system postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Weijun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Ciccia F, Guggino G, Rizzo A, Saieva L, Peralta S, Giardina A, Cannizzaro A, Sireci G, De Leo G, Alessandro R, Triolo G. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells producing IL-17 and IL-22 are expanded in the gut, in the peripheral blood, synovial fluid and bone marrow of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1739-47. [PMID: 25902790 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to better characterise the immunological origin and the behaviour of interleukin (IL)-23-responsive innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the gut, synovial fluid (SF) and bone marrow (BM) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 cells were determined and characterised by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in ileal and BM biopsies, in peripheral blood (PB) and SF mononuclear cells obtained from patients with AS and controls. Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MADCAM-1), IL-7, IL-15 and aggregates of lymphoid tissue inducer cells (LTi) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro ability of epithelial cells in driving the differentiation of ILC3 and the effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) on the frequency of ILC3 and the expression of MADCAM1 were also assessed. RESULTS ILC3 characterised as Lyn(-)RORc(-)Tbet(+) NKp44(+) cells were significantly expanded in the gut, SF and BM of patients with AS compared with controls, produced high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 and expressed α4β7. MADcAM1 was overexpressed in BM and ileal high endothelial venules. IL-7 was significantly increased in AS gut, especially in the context of Paneth cells, and accompanied by the presence of aggregates of c-kit/IL-7R(+) cells (LTi). In in vitro experiments, epithelial cells from patients with AS actively induced differentiation of ILC3 from LTi. TNFi efficacy was accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of intestinal and circulating ILC3 and in the expression of MADCAM1. CONCLUSIONS Gut-derived IL-17(+) and IL-22(+)ILC3 are expanded in the peripheral blood, SF and inflamed BM of patients with AS, suggesting the presence of an active homing axis between the gut and the inflamed sacroiliac joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aroldo Rizzo
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Peralta
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - AnnaRita Giardina
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cannizzaro
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Sireci
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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