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Surwase SS, Shahriar SMS, An JM, Ha J, Mirzaaghasi A, Bagheri B, Park JH, Lee YK, Kim YC. Engineered Nanoparticles inside a Microparticle Oral System for Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immunity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11124-11143. [PMID: 35227057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery through an oral route requires overcoming multiple challenges, including gastrointestinal enzymes, mucus, and epithelial tight junctions. Although each barrier has a crucial role in determining the final efficiency of the oral vaccination, transcytosis of antigens through follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) represents a major challenge. Most of the research is focused on delivering an antigen to the M-cell for FAE transcytosis because M-cells can easily transport the antigen from the luminal site. However, the fact is that the M-cell population is less than 1% of the total gastrointestinal cells, and most of the oral vaccines have failed to show any effect in clinical trials. To challenge the current dogma of M-cell targeting, in this study, we designed a novel tandem peptide with a FAE-targeting peptide at the front position and a cell-penetrating peptide at the back position. The tandem peptide was attached to a smart delivery system, which overcomes the enzymatic barrier and the mucosal barrier. The result showed that the engineered system could target the FAE (enterocytes and M-cells) and successfully penetrate the enterocytes to reach the dendritic cells located at the subepithelium dome. There was successful maturation and activation of dendritic cells in vitro confirmed by a significant increase in maturation markers such as CD40, CD86, presentation marker MHC I, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). The in vivo results showed a high production of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T-cell) and a significantly higher production of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (killer T-cell). Finally, the production of mucosal immunity (IgA) in the trachea, intestine, and fecal extracts and systemic immunity (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) was successfully confirmed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that designed a novel tandem peptide to target the FAE, which includes M-cells and enterocytes rather than M-cell targeting and showed that a significant induction of both the mucosal and systemic immune response was achieved compared to M-cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Surwase
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5940, United States
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JongHoon Ha
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Amin Mirzaaghasi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Trevelin SC, Pickering S, Todd K, Bishop C, Pitcher M, Garrido Mesa J, Montorsi L, Spada F, Petrov N, Green A, Shankar-Hari M, Neil SJ, Spencer J. Disrupted Peyer's Patch Microanatomy in COVID-19 Including Germinal Centre Atrophy Independent of Local Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838328. [PMID: 35251032 PMCID: PMC8893224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmed SARS-coronavirus-2 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in microbiota associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity have been previously reported, but the disease impact on the architecture and cellularity of ileal Peyer's patches (PP) remains unknown. Here we analysed post-mortem tissues from throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of patients who died with COVID-19. When virus was detected by PCR in the GI tract, immunohistochemistry identified virus in epithelium and lamina propria macrophages, but not in lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) analysis of ileal PP revealed depletion of germinal centres (GC), disruption of B cell/T cell zonation and decreased potential B and T cell interaction and lower nuclear density in COVID-19 patients. This occurred independent of the local viral levels. The changes in PP demonstrate that the ability to mount an intestinal immune response is compromised in severe COVID-19, which could contribute to observed dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C. Trevelin
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Todd
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Guy’s and St. Thomas Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Bishop
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Guy’s and St. Thomas Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Pitcher
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Garrido Mesa
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Guy’s and St. Thomas Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Montorsi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filomena Spada
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Guy’s and St. Thomas Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nedyalko Petrov
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Guy’s and St. Thomas Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Histopathology, Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J.D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Spencer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Aoki Y, Ikeda T, Tani N, Watanabe M, Ishikawa T. Evaluation of the Relationships between Intestinal Regional Lymph Nodes and Immune Responses in Viral Infections in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010318. [PMID: 35008744 PMCID: PMC8745466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections increase the risk of developing allergies in childhood, and disruption of mucosal homeostasis is presumed to be involved. However, no study has reported a role for viral infections in such disruption. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of immunoglobulin A (IgA) overproduction in viral infections. Autopsies were performed on 33 pediatric cases, IgA and interferon (IFN)β levels were measured, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Furthermore, we cultured human cells and measured IFNβ and IgA levels to examine the effect of viral infections on IgA production. Blood IgA levels in viral infections were higher than in bacterial infections. Moreover, IFNβ levels in most viral cases were below the detection limit. Cell culture revealed increased IgA in gastrointestinal lymph nodes, especially in Peyer’s patches, due to enhanced IFNβ after viral stimulation. Conversely, respiratory regional lymph nodes showed enhanced IgA with no marked change in IFNβ. Overproduction of IgA, identified as an aberration of the immune system and resulting from excessive viral infection-induced IFNβ was observed in the intestinal regional lymph nodes, particularly in Peyer’s patches. Further, increased IgA without elevated IFNβ in the respiratory system suggested the possibility of a different mechanism from the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Aoki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3767
| | - Tomoya Ikeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Health and Medical Science Innovation Laboratory 403, Tsukuba City 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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4
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Ullrich L, Lueder Y, Juergens AL, Wilharm A, Barros-Martins J, Bubke A, Demera A, Ikuta K, Patzer GE, Janssen A, Sandrock I, Prinz I, Rampoldi F. IL-4-Producing Vγ1 +/Vδ6 + γδ T Cells Sustain Germinal Center Reactions in Peyer's Patches of Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729607. [PMID: 34804014 PMCID: PMC8600568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. Germinal centers (GCs) in the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small intestine are constantly generated through stimulation of the microbiota. In this study, we investigated the role of γδ T cells in the GC reactions in PPs. Most γδ T cells in PPs localized in the GCs and expressed a TCR composed of Vγ1 and Vδ6 chains. By using mice with partial and total γδ T cell deficiencies, we found that Vγ1+/Vδ6+ T cells can produce high amounts of IL-4, which drives the proliferation of GC B cells as well as the switch of GC B cells towards IgA. Therefore, we conclude that γδ T cells play a role in sustaining gut homeostasis and symbiosis via supporting the GC reactions in PPs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/microbiology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice, Knockout
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Peyer's Patches/microbiology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Salmonella Infections/immunology
- Salmonella Infections/metabolism
- Salmonella Infections/microbiology
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Ullrich
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Lueder
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Ynga-Durand M, Tapia-Pastrana G, Rebollar-Ruíz XA, Yépez-Ortega M, Nieto-Yañez O, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz-Albor AA. Temporal Dynamics of T Helper Populations in the Proximal Small Intestine after Oral Bovine Lactoferrin Administration in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2852. [PMID: 34445013 PMCID: PMC8399302 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a component of milk and a dietary supplement, modulates intestinal immunity at effector and inductor sites. Considering the regional difference in intestinal compartments and the dynamics of local cytokine-producing cells in the gut across time, the aim of this work was to characterize the effects of bLf on the proximal small intestine in a BALB/c murine model of oral administration. Male BALB/c mice were treated with oral bLf vs. saline control as mock by buccal deposition for 28 days. Intestinal secretions were obtained at different time points and cells were isolated from Peyer's patches (PP) and lamina propria (LP) of the proximal small intestine as representative inductor and effector sites, respectively. Total and specific anti-bLF IgA and IgM were determined by enzyme-immuno assay; the percentages of IgA+ and IgM+ plasma cells (PC) and cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells of PP and LP were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that total and bLf-specific IgA and IgM levels were increased in the intestinal secretions of the bLf group in comparison to mock group and day 0. LP IgA+ PC and IgM+ PC presented an initial elevation on day 7 and day 21, respectively, followed by a decrease on day 28 in comparison to mock. Higher percentages of CD4+ T cells in LP were found in the bLf group. Cytokines-producing CD4+ T cells populations presented a pattern of increases and decreases in the bLf group in both LP and PP. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)+ CD4+ T cells showed higher percentages after bLf administration with a marked peak at day 21 in both LP and PP in comparison to mock-treated mice. Oral bLf exhibits complex immune properties in the proximal small intestine, where temporal monitoring of the inductor and effector compartments reveals patterns of rises and falls of different cell populations. Exceptionally, TGF-β+ CD4+ T cells show consistent higher numbers after bLf intervention across time. Our work suggests that isolated measurements do not show the complete picture of the modulatory effects of oral bLf in immunological sites as dynamic as the proximal small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ynga-Durand
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón y Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México City 11340, Mexico; (M.Y.-D.); (X.A.R.-R.); (M.Y.-O.)
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec 71256, Mexico;
| | - Xóchitl Abril Rebollar-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón y Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México City 11340, Mexico; (M.Y.-D.); (X.A.R.-R.); (M.Y.-O.)
| | - Mariazell Yépez-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón y Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México City 11340, Mexico; (M.Y.-D.); (X.A.R.-R.); (M.Y.-O.)
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
| | - Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón y Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México City 11340, Mexico; (M.Y.-D.); (X.A.R.-R.); (M.Y.-O.)
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón y Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México City 11340, Mexico; (M.Y.-D.); (X.A.R.-R.); (M.Y.-O.)
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6
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Yazawa M, Hosokawa H, Koizumi M, Hirano KI, Imai J, Hozumi K. Notch signaling supports the appearance of follicular helper T cells in the Peyer's patches concomitantly with the reduction of regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 2021; 33:469-478. [PMID: 34147033 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular fragment of Notch1, a mediator of Notch signaling that is frequently detected in thymic immigrants, is critical for specifying T cell fate in the thymus, where Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as a Notch ligand on the epithelium. However, as such Notch signaling has not been detected in mature T cells, how Notch signaling contributes to their response in secondary lymphoid organs has not yet been fully defined. Here, we detected the marked expression of Dll4 on the stromal cells and the active fragment of Notch1 (Notch1 intracellular domain, N1ICD) in CD4 + T cells in the follicle of Peyer's patches (PPs). In addition, N1ICD-bearing T cells were also found in the T-cell zone of PP, especially in the transcription factor Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells, with slight expression of Dll4 on the stromal cells. These fragments disappeared in Dll4-deficient conditions. It was also found that Notch1- and Notch2-deficient T cells preferentially differentiated into Treg cells in PPs, but not CXCR5 +PD-1 + follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Moreover, these phenotypes were also observed in chimeric mice reconstituted with the control and T cell-specific Notch1/2-deficient bone marrow or Treg cells. These results demonstrated that Dll4-mediated Notch signaling in PPs is required for the efficient appearance of Tfh cells in a Treg cell-prone environment, which is common among the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and is critical for the generation of Tfh-mediated germinal center B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yazawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maria Koizumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Guendel F, Kofoed-Branzk M, Gronke K, Tizian C, Witkowski M, Cheng HW, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Durek P, Norris PS, Ware CF, Ruedl C, Herold S, Pfeffer K, Hehlgans T, Waisman A, Becher B, Giannou AD, Brachs S, Ebert K, Tanriver Y, Ludewig B, Mashreghi MF, Kruglov AA, Diefenbach A. Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Program a Distinct Subset of IL-22BP-Producing Dendritic Cells Demarcating Solitary Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues. Immunity 2021; 53:1015-1032.e8. [PMID: 33207209 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solitary intestinal lymphoid tissues such as cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) constitute steady-state activation hubs containing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) that continuously produce interleukin (IL)-22. The outer surface of CPs and ILFs is demarcated by a poorly characterized population of CD11c+ cells. Using genome-wide single-cell transcriptional profiling of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and multidimensional flow cytometry, we found that CP- and ILF-associated CD11c+ cells were a transcriptionally distinct subset of intestinal cDCs, which we term CIA-DCs. CIA-DCs required programming by CP- and ILF-resident CCR6+ ILC3 via lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling in cDCs. CIA-DCs differentially expressed genes associated with immunoregulation and were the major cellular source of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) at steady state. Mice lacking CIA-DC-derived IL-22BP exhibited diminished expression of epithelial lipid transporters, reduced lipid resorption, and changes in body fat homeostasis. Our findings provide insight into the design principles of an immunoregulatory checkpoint controlling nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Guendel
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula S Norris
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Ebert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- Microbiota and Chronic Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Prados A, Onder L, Cheng HW, Mörbe U, Lütge M, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Koliaraki V, Ludewig B, Kollias G. Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer's patches governs intestinal immunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:510-519. [PMID: 33707780 PMCID: PMC7610542 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been elaborated to some extent, in Peyer's patches (PPs) they remain elusive. Using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping in advanced mouse models, we found that PP formation in the mouse embryo is initiated by an expansion of perivascular FRC precursors, followed by FRC differentiation from subepithelial progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping confirmed the convergence of perivascular and subepithelial FRC lineages. Furthermore, lineage-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches revealed that the two FRC lineages synergistically direct PP organization, maintain intestinal microbiome homeostasis and control anticoronavirus immune responses in the gut. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mosaic patterning program that generates key stromal cell infrastructures for the control of intestinal immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Communication
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/virology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus/immunology
- Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Peyer's Patches/microbiology
- Peyer's Patches/virology
- Phenotype
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Prados
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Chen Q, Ren R, Zhang Q, Wu J, Zhang Y, Xue M, Yin D, Yang Y. Coptis chinensis Franch polysaccharides provide a dynamically regulation on intestinal microenvironment, based on the intestinal flora and mucosal immunity. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113542. [PMID: 33152428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coptis chinensis Franch is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbs in China and was firstly recorded in "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica" in the Han Dynasty. The medical records in past thousands years have fully confirmed the clinical efficacies of Coptis chinensis Franch against intestinal diseases. The polysaccharides in herbal medicines can be digested by the flora and uptaken by the Peyer's patches (PPs) in intestine. It can be reasonably presumed that the polysaccharides in Coptis chinensis Franch (CCP) should be one of the critical element in the regulation of intestinal microenvironment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study intended to explore the dynamic regulation of CCP on intestinal microenvironment from the perspective of the intestinal mucosal immunity and the intestinal flora, in order to provide a new research perspective for the pharmacological mechanism of Coptis chinensis Franch. MATERIALS AND METHODS The absorption and distribution of CCP in intestinal tissues were observed after the perfusion of FITC labeled CCP. The influences of CCP on intestinal flora were evaluated by the 16sRNA gene illumina-miseq sequencing after gavage. The regulations of CCP on intestinal mucosal immunity were evaluated by the immunohistochemical analysis of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion in PPs and intestinal epithelial tissue. RESULTS With the self-aggregation into particles morphology, CCP can be up-taken by PPs and promote the IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β secretion in PPs in a dose-dependent manner. The CCP can also be utilized by the intestinal flora and dynamically regulate the diversity, composition and distribution of the intestinal flora. The temporal regulations of CCP on IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β secretions in intestinal epithelial tissues are consistent with the variation tendency of intestinal flora. CONCLUSION CCP can provide effective, dynamical and dose-dependent regulations on intestinal microenvironment, not only the intestinal flora but also the PPs and intestinal epithelium related immune response. These may be involved in the multiple biological activities of Coptis chinensis Franch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Mingsong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
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10
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Phillips CL, Welch BA, Garrett MR, Grayson BE. Regional heterogeneity in rat Peyer's patches through whole transcriptome analysis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:513-522. [PMID: 33236653 PMCID: PMC7934146 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220973014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyer's patches are gut-associated lymphoid tissue located throughout the intestinal wall. Peyer's patches consist of highly organized ovoid-shaped follicles, classified as non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues, populated with B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and function as an organism's intestinal surveillance. Limited work compares the gene profiles of Peyer's patches derived from different intestinal regions. In the current study, we first performed whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq to compare duodenal and ileal Peyer's patches obtained from the small intestine of Long Evans rats. Of the 12,300 genes that were highly expressed, 18.5% were significantly different between the duodenum and ileum. Using samples obtained from additional subjects (n = 10), we validated the novel gene expression patterns in Peyer's patches obtained from the three regions of the small intestine. Rats had a significantly reduced number of Peyer's patches in the duodenum in comparison to either the jejunum or ileum. Regional differences in structural, metabolic, and immune-related genes were validated. Genes such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1, gap junction protein beta 2, and serine peptidase inhibitor clade b, member 1a were significantly reduced in the ileum in comparison to other regions. On the other hand, genes such as complement C3d receptor type, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1, and lysozyme C2 precursor were significantly lower in the duodenum. In summary, the gene expression pattern of Peyer's patches is influenced by intestinal location and may contribute to its role in that segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Phillips
- Program in Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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11
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Kayisoglu Ö, Schlegel N, Bartfeld S. Gastrointestinal epithelial innate immunity-regionalization and organoids as new model. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:517-530. [PMID: 33538854 PMCID: PMC8026474 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is in constant contact with microbial stimuli. Its barriers have to ensure co-existence with the commensal bacteria, while enabling surveillance of intruding pathogens. At the centre of the interaction lies the epithelial layer, which marks the boundaries of the body. It is equipped with a multitude of different innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors, to mount inflammatory responses to microbes. Dysfunction of this intricate system results in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the complexity of the cellular interactions, their molecular basis and their development remains poorly understood. In recent years, stem cell–derived organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for both development and a broad range of pathologies, including infectious diseases. In addition, organoids enable the study of epithelial innate immunity in vitro. In this review, we focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and its regional organization to discuss innate immune sensing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kayisoglu
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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12
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Beukema M, Faas MM, de Vos P. The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1364-1376. [PMID: 32908213 PMCID: PMC8080816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Ye AY, Du Z, Xu M, Lee CS, Hwang JK, Kyritsis N, Ba Z, Neuberg D, Littman DR, Alt FW. BCR selection and affinity maturation in Peyer's patch germinal centres. Nature 2020; 582:421-425. [PMID: 32499646 PMCID: PMC7478071 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The antigen-binding variable regions of the B cell receptor (BCR) and of antibodies are encoded by exons that are assembled in developing B cells by V(D)J recombination1. The BCR repertoires of primary B cells are vast owing to mechanisms that create diversity at the junctions of V(D)J gene segments that contribute to complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), the region that binds antigen1. Primary B cells undergo antigen-driven BCR affinity maturation through somatic hypermutation and cellular selection in germinal centres (GCs)2,3. Although most GCs are transient3, those in intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs)-which depend on the gut microbiota-are chronic4, and little is known about their BCR repertoires or patterns of somatic hypermutation. Here, using a high-throughput assay that analyses both V(D)J segment usage and somatic hypermutation profiles, we elucidate physiological BCR repertoires in mouse PP GCs. PP GCs from different mice expand public BCR clonotypes (clonotypes that are shared between many mice) that often have canonical CDR3s in the immunoglobulin heavy chain that, owing to junctional biases during V(D)J recombination, appear much more frequently than predicted in naive B cell repertoires. Some public clonotypes are dependent on the gut microbiota and encode antibodies that are reactive to bacterial glycans, whereas others are independent of gut bacteria. Transfer of faeces from specific-pathogen-free mice to germ-free mice restored germ-dependent clonotypes, directly implicating BCR selection. We identified somatic hypermutations that were recurrently selected in such public clonotypes, indicating that affinity maturation occurs in mouse PP GCs under homeostatic conditions. Thus, persistent gut antigens select recurrent BCR clonotypes to seed chronic PP GC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Yongxin Ye
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhou Du
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mo Xu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Sheng Lee
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce K Hwang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nia Kyritsis
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Ba
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Facciuolo A, Lee AH, Gonzalez Cano P, Townsend HGG, Falsafi R, Gerdts V, Potter A, Napper S, Hancock REW, Mutharia LM, Griebel PJ. Regional Dichotomy in Enteric Mucosal Immune Responses to a Persistent Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1020. [PMID: 32547548 PMCID: PMC7272674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteric Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections are endemic in ruminants globally resulting in significant production losses. The mucosal immune responses occurring at the site of infection, specifically in Peyer's patches (PP), are not well-understood. The ruminant small intestine possesses two functionally distinct PPs. Discrete PPs function as mucosal immune induction sites and a single continuous PP, in the terminal small intestine, functions as a primary lymphoid tissue for B cell repertoire diversification. We investigated whether MAP infection of discrete vs. continuous PPs resulted in the induction of significantly different pathogen-specific immune responses and persistence of MAP infection. Surgically isolated intestinal segments in neonatal calves were used to target MAP infection to individual PPs. At 12 months post-infection, MAP persisted in continuous PP (n = 4), but was significantly reduced (p = 0.046) in discrete PP (n = 5). RNA-seq analysis revealed control of MAP infection in discrete PP was associated with extensive transcriptomic changes (1,707 differentially expressed genes) but MAP persistent in continuous PP elicited few host responses (4 differentially expressed genes). Cytokine gene expression in tissue and MAP-specific recall responses by mucosal immune cells isolated from PP, lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node revealed interleukin (IL)22 and IL27 as unique correlates of protection associated with decreased MAP infection in discrete PP. This study provides the first description of mucosal immune responses occurring in bovine discrete jejunal PPs and reveals that a significant reduction in MAP infection is associated with specific cytokine responses. Conversely, MAP infection persists in the continuous ileal PP with minimal perturbation of host immune responses. These data reveal a marked dichotomy in host-MAP interactions within the two functionally distinct PPs of the small intestine and identifies mucosal immune responses associated with the control of a mycobacterial infection in the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facciuolo
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amy H. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hugh G. G. Townsend
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - R. E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy M. Mutharia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philip J. Griebel
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization—International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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15
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Heimroth RD, Casadei E, Salinas I. Molecular Drivers of Lymphocyte Organization in Vertebrate Mucosal Surfaces: Revisiting the TNF Superfamily Hypothesis. J Immunol 2020; 204:2697-2711. [PMID: 32238457 PMCID: PMC7872792 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and secondary lymphoid structures. Secondary lymphoid organs include organized MALT (O-MALT) such as the tonsils and Peyer patches. O-MALT became progressively organized during vertebrate evolution, and the TNF superfamily of genes has been identified as essential for the formation and maintenance of O-MALT and other secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures in mammals. Yet, the molecular drivers of O-MALT structures found in ectotherms and birds remain essentially unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that TNFSFs, such as lymphotoxins, are likely not a universal mechanism to maintain O-MALT structures in adulthood of teleost fish, sarcopterygian fish, or birds. Although a role for TNFSF2 (TNF-α) cannot be ruled out, transcriptomics suggest that maintenance of O-MALT in nonmammalian vertebrates relies on expression of diverse genes with shared biological functions in neuronal signaling. Importantly, we identify that expression of many genes with olfactory function is a unique feature of mammalian Peyer patches but not the O-MALT of birds or ectotherms. These results provide a new view of O-MALT evolution in vertebrates and indicate that different genes with shared biological functions may have driven the formation of these lymphoid structures by a process of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Heimroth
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Elisa Casadei
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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16
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Schussek S, Bernasconi V, Mattsson J, Wenzel UA, Strömberg A, Gribonika I, Schön K, Lycke NY. The CTA1-DD adjuvant strongly potentiates follicular dendritic cell function and germinal center formation, which results in improved neonatal immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:545-557. [PMID: 31959882 PMCID: PMC7223721 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination of neonates and young infants is hampered by the relative immaturity of their immune systems and the lack of safe and efficacious vaccine adjuvants. Immaturity of the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), in particular, appears to play a critical role for the inability to stimulate immune responses. Using the CD21mT/mG mouse model we found that at 7 days of life, FDCs exhibited a mature phenotype only in the Peyer´s patches (PP), but our unique adjuvant, CTA1-DD, effectively matured FDCs also in peripheral lymph nodes following systemic, as well as mucosal immunizations. This was a direct effect of complement receptor 2-binding to the FDC and a CTA1-enzyme-dependent enhancing effect on gene transcription, among which CR2, IL-6, ICAM-1, IL-1β, and CXCL13 encoding genes were upregulated. This way we achieved FDC maturation, increased germinal center B-cell- and Tfh responses, and enhanced specific antibody levels close to adult magnitudes. Oral priming immunization of neonates against influenza infection with CTA1-3M2e-DD effectively promoted anti-M2e-immunity and significantly reduced morbidity against a live virus challenge infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate direct effects of an adjuvant on FDC gene transcriptional functions and the subsequent enhancement of neonatal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schussek
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mattsson
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Alexander Wenzel
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Y Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Kolesnikov M, Curato C, Zupancic E, Florindo H, Shakhar G, Jung S. Intravital visualization of interactions of murine Peyer's patch-resident dendritic cells with M cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:537-547. [PMID: 31856298 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine hosts specialized lymphoid structures, the Peyer's patches, that face the gut lumen and are overlaid with unique epithelial cells, called microfold (M) cells. M cells are considered to constitute an important route for antigen uptake in the mucosal immune system. Here, we used intravital microscopy to define immune cell populations, which are in close contact with M cells and potentially sample antigen. We present live evidence that DCs enter M cell pockets and highlight the abundance of mononuclear phagocytes in these structures. Taking advantage of the respective reporter animals, we focused on classical DCs that express Zbtb46 and analyzed how these cells interact with M cells in steady state and sample antigen for T cell activation in the Peyer's patches following challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eva Zupancic
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Suzuki T, Nishiyama K, Kawata K, Sugimoto K, Isome M, Suzuki S, Nozawa R, Ichikawa Y, Watanabe Y, Suzutani T. Effect of the Lactococcus Lactis 11/19-B1 Strain on Atopic Dermatitis in a Clinical Test and Mouse Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030763. [PMID: 32183266 PMCID: PMC7146114 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to improve atopic dermatitis (AD) through the regulation and stimulation of the host immune system. In this study, we found that ingestion of yogurt containing Lactococcus lactis 11/19-B1 strain (L. lactis 11/19-B1) daily for 8 weeks significantly improved the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) system score from 38.8 ± 14.4 to 24.2 ± 12.0 in children suffering from AD. We tried to identify which LAB species among the five species contained in the test yogurt contributed to the improvement in AD pathology using an AD mouse model induced by repeated application of 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). AD-like skin lesions on the dorsal skin and ear were most improved by L. lactis 11/19-B1 intake among the five LAB species. In addition, analysis of CD4+ T cell subsets in Peyer’s patches (PPs) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) indicated that the intake of L. lactis 11/19-B1 generally suppressed all subsets related to inflammation, i.e., Th1, Th2 and Th17, instead of activating the suppressive system, Treg, in the AD mouse model. Histological observations showed ingestion of L. lactis 11/19-B1 significantly suppressed severe inflammatory findings, such as inflammatory cell filtration, epidermal erosion and eosinophil infiltration. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of L. lactis 11/19-B1 contribute to improvements in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Kyoko Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Koji Kawata
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Masato Isome
- Isome Children’s Clinic, Fukushima 960-8165, Japan;
| | - Shigeo Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima 960-8611, Japan;
| | - Ruriko Nozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita General Hospital, Kunimi, Date, Fukushima 969-1793, Japan;
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-547-1158
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19
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Ren Q, Tang Y, Zhang L, Xu Y, Liu N, Ren H. Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus casei Promotes the Differentiation of CD4 + T Cells into Th17 Cells in BALB/c Mouse Peyer's Patches in Vivo and in Vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2664-2672. [PMID: 32033515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of a few Lactobacillus exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been reported. However, whether Lactobacillus EPS can promote the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4+T) cells into T-helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) in the Peyer's Patches (PPs) of mice has not been addressed. In this study, we found the molecular weight (Mw) of the purified EPS from L. casei ranged from 2.7 × 106 Da to 1.7 × 107 Da, and the average Mw was approximately 8.4 × 106 Da. In healthy BALB/c mice, EPS elevated the numbers of Th17 cells and levels of Th17-related cytokines. In vitro, EPS induced BMDCs to stimulate the differentiation of CD4+T cells of PPs into Th17 cells and the related cytokine secretions. Results suggest that L. casei EPS can effectively induce and promote the differentiation of CD4+T cells of PPs into Th17 cells in healthy mice and has the potential ability to improve intestinal mucosa immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - YanJun Tang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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20
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Melo-Gonzalez F, Hepworth MR. Identification and Functional Characterization of Murine Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC3) Subsets in the Intestinal Tract and Associated Lymphoid Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2121:37-49. [PMID: 32147784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0338-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are critical mediators of innate immune responses at mucosal barriers in both health and disease. ILC3s rapidly respond to environmental cues to reinforce barrier function and foster a mutualistic microbiota. ILC3s are defined by the expression of the master transcription factor RORγt, but can be further subdivided by the surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6 or the natural killer cell-associated receptor NKp46, as well as through the coexpression of the transcription factor T-bet. Importantly, while these subsets exhibit overlapping functions such as the secretion of the cytokines IL-17A and IL-22, they also differ significantly transcriptionally, functionally and by their localization within tissues. Thus, it is critical that studies investigating ILC3 biology consider the heterogeneity and tissue specificities of these subsets. Here, we describe common tools used to dissect and characterize ILC3s subset phenotypes and functions by flow cytometry and strategies for cell sorting of these cells in both the gastrointestinal tract and associated lymph nodes. Together, these approaches provide a tool kit for researchers aiming to dissect ILC3 subset responses at homeostasis, during infection, or in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Zou YF, Zhang YY, Fu YP, Inngjerdingen KT, Paulsen BS, Feng B, Zhu ZK, Li LX, Jia RY, Huang C, Song X, Lv C, Ye G, Liang XX, He CL, Yin LZ, Yin ZQ. A Polysaccharide Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203632. [PMID: 31600890 PMCID: PMC6832355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an acidic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (WCP-I) and its main fragment, WCP-Ia, obtained after pectinase digestion, were structurally elucidated and found to consist of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region containing both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II) as sidechains. They both expressed immunomodulating activity against Peyer’s patch cells. Endo-1,4-β-galactanase degradation gave a decrease of interleukine 6 (IL-6) production compared with native WCP-I and WCP-Ia, but exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase digestion showed no changes in activity. This demonstrated that the stimulation activity partly disappeared with removal of β-d-(1→4)-galactan chains, proving that the AG-I side chain plays an important role in immunoregulation activity. WCP-Ia had a better promotion effect than WCP-I in vivo, shown through an increased spleen index, higher concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum, and a slight increment in the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. These results suggest that β-d-(1→4)-galactan-containing chains in WCP-I play an essential role in the expression of immunomodulating activity. Combining all the results in this and previous studies, the intestinal immune system might be the target site of WCP-Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan-Yun Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Chang-Liang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li-Zi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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22
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Clancy‐Thompson E, Chen GZ, LaMarche NM, Ali LR, Jeong H, Crowley SJ, Boelaars K, Brenner MB, Lynch L, Dougan SK. Transnuclear mice reveal Peyer's patch iNKT cells that regulate B-cell class switching to IgG1. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101260. [PMID: 31304630 PMCID: PMC6627243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident iNKT cells maintain tissue homeostasis and peripheral surveillance against pathogens; however, studying these cells is challenging due to their low abundance and poor recovery from tissues. We here show that iNKT transnuclear mice, generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have increased tissue resident iNKT cells. We examined expression of PLZF, T-bet, and RORγt, as well as cytokine/chemokine profiles, and found that both monoclonal and polyclonal iNKT cells differentiated into functional subsets that faithfully replicated those seen in wild-type mice. We detected iNKT cells from tissues in which they are rare, including adipose, lung, skin-draining lymph nodes, and a previously undescribed population in Peyer's patches (PP). PP-NKT cells produce the majority of the IL-4 in Peyer's patches and provide indirect help for B-cell class switching to IgG1 in both transnuclear and wild-type mice. Oral vaccination with α-galactosylceramide shows enhanced fecal IgG1 titers in iNKT cell-sufficient mice. Transcriptional profiling reveals a unique signature of PP-NKT cells, characterized by tissue residency. We thus define PP-NKT as potentially important for surveillance for mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gui Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Nelson M LaMarche
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Hee‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Hongik UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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23
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Stebegg M, Silva-Cayetano A, Innocentin S, Jenkins TP, Cantacessi C, Gilbert C, Linterman MA. Heterochronic faecal transplantation boosts gut germinal centres in aged mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2443. [PMID: 31164642 PMCID: PMC6547660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a complex multifactorial process associated with a plethora of disorders, which contribute significantly to morbidity worldwide. One of the organs significantly affected by age is the gut. Age-dependent changes of the gut-associated microbiome have been linked to increased frailty and systemic inflammation. This change in microbial composition with age occurs in parallel with a decline in function of the gut immune system; however, it is not clear whether there is a causal link between the two. Here we report that the defective germinal centre reaction in Peyer's patches of aged mice can be rescued by faecal transfers from younger adults into aged mice and by immunisations with cholera toxin, without affecting germinal centre reactions in peripheral lymph nodes. This demonstrates that the poor germinal centre reaction in aged animals is not irreversible, and that it is possible to improve this response in older individuals by providing appropriate stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Stebegg
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alyssa Silva-Cayetano
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Timothy P Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Colin Gilbert
- Biological Services Unit, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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24
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Komban RJ, Strömberg A, Biram A, Cervin J, Lebrero-Fernández C, Mabbott N, Yrlid U, Shulman Z, Bemark M, Lycke N. Activated Peyer's patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2423. [PMID: 31160559 PMCID: PMC6547658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PP) requires continuous access to antigens, but how this is achieved is not known. Here we show that activated antigen-specific CCR6+CCR1+GL7- B cells make close contact with M cells in the subepithelial dome (SED). Using in situ photoactivation analysis of antigen-specific SED B cells, we find migration of cells towards the GC. Following antigen injection into ligated intestinal loops containing PPs, 40% of antigen-specific SED B cells bind antigen within 2 h, whereas unspecifc cells do not, indicating B cell-receptor involvment. Antigen-loading is not observed in M cell-deficient mice, but is unperturbed in mice depleted of classical dendritic cells (DC). Thus, we report a M cell-B cell antigen-specific transporting pathway in PP that is independent of DC. We propose that this antigen transporting pathway has a critical role in gut IgA responses, and should be taken into account when developing mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathan Joy Komban
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernández
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Neil Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Mats Bemark
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
| | - Nils Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
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25
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Kellermayer Z, Vojkovics D, Dakah TA, Bodó K, Botz B, Helyes Z, Berta G, Kajtár B, Schippers A, Wagner N, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Arnold HH, Balogh P. IL-22-Independent Protection from Colitis in the Absence of Nkx2.3 Transcription Factor in Mice. J Immunol 2019; 202:1833-1844. [PMID: 30700585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nkx2.3 regulates the vascular specification of Peyer patches in mice through determining endothelial addressin preference and may function as a susceptibility factor in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. We wished to analyze the role of Nkx2.3 in colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue composition and in colitis pathogenesis. We studied the colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue of Nkx2.3-deficient mice with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Colitis was induced in mice using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate, and severity was assessed with histology, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR. We found that the lack of Nkx2.3 impairs maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis independent of endothelial absence of mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which was also coupled with enhanced colonic epithelial regeneration. Although we observed increased numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and Th17 cells and enhanced transcription of IL-22, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 did not abolish the protection from colitis in Nkx2.3-deficient mice. Nkx2.3-/- hematopoietic cells could not rescue wild-type mice from colitis. Using LacZ-Nkx2.3 reporter mice, we found that Nkx2.3 expression was restricted to VAP-1+ myofibroblast-like pericryptal cells. These results hint at a previously unknown stromal role of Nkx2.3 as driver of colitis and indicate that Nkx2.3+ stromal cells play a role in epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Dóra Vojkovics
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tareq Abu Dakah
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Luigi Scotto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10019, NY
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10019, NY; and
| | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary;
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
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Senda T, Dogra P, Granot T, Furuhashi K, Snyder ME, Carpenter DJ, Szabo PA, Thapa P, Miron M, Farber DL. Microanatomical dissection of human intestinal T-cell immunity reveals site-specific changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues over life. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:378-389. [PMID: 30523311 PMCID: PMC6375790 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining adaptive immunity with the complex structures of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract over life is essential for understanding immune responses to ingested antigens, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, and dysfunctions in disease. We present here an analysis of lymphocyte localization and T cell subset composition across the human GI tract including mucosal sites (jejunum, ileum, colon), gut-associated lymphoid tissues (isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), appendix), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from a total of 68 donors spanning eight decades of life. In pediatric donors, ILFs and PP containing naïve T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are prevalent in the jejunum and ileum, respectively; these decline in frequency with age, contrasting stable frequencies of ILFs and T cell subsets in the colon. In the mucosa, tissue resident memory T cells develop during childhood, and persist in high frequencies into advanced ages, while T cell composition changes with age in GALT and MLN. These spatial and temporal features of human intestinal T cell immunity define signatures that can be used to train predictive machine learning algorithms. Our findings demonstrate an anatomic basis for age-associated alterations in immune responses, and establish a quantitative baseline for intestinal immunity to define disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomer Granot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Compugen, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Martínez-López M, Iborra S, Conde-Garrosa R, Mastrangelo A, Danne C, Mann ER, Reid DM, Gaboriau-Routhiau V, Chaparro M, Lorenzo MP, Minnerup L, Saz-Leal P, Slack E, Kemp B, Gisbert JP, Dzionek A, Robinson MJ, Rupérez FJ, Cerf-Bensussan N, Brown GD, Bernardo D, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Sancho D. Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Immunity 2019; 50:446-461.e9. [PMID: 30709742 PMCID: PMC6382412 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in response to the gut microbiota ensures maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Here, we examined the mechanisms whereby the immune system detects microbiota in the steady state. A Syk-kinase-coupled signaling pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) was critical for commensal-dependent production of IL-17 and IL-22 by CD4+ T cells. The Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptor Mincle detected mucosal-resident commensals in the Peyer's patches (PPs), triggered IL-6 and IL-23p19 expression, and thereby regulated function of intestinal Th17- and IL-17-secreting ILCs. Mice deficient in Mincle or with selective depletion of Syk in CD11c+ cells had impaired production of intestinal RegIIIγ and IgA and increased systemic translocation of gut microbiota. Consequently, Mincle deficiency led to liver inflammation and deregulated lipid metabolism. Thus, sensing of commensals by Mincle and Syk signaling in CD11c+ cells reinforces intestinal immune barrier and promotes host-microbiota mutualism, preventing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Camille Danne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Valérie Gaboriau-Routhiau
- INRA Micalis Institut, UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - María P Lorenzo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, km 0, M501, Alcorcón 28925, Spain
| | | | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco J Rupérez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, km 0, M501, Alcorcón 28925, Spain
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David Bernardo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Liu L, Hu L, Yao Z, Qin Z, Idehara M, Dai Y, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Yao X. Mucosal immunomodulatory evaluation and chemical profile elucidation of a classical traditional Chinese formula, Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 228:188-199. [PMID: 30195569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE With fast development and high pace life in modern society, autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease had become increasingly common. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), has been used for 700 years mainly in Eastern Asia countries for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorder, and weakness after serious diseases. These diseases were proved to be closely related to human immune system, among which, mucosal immune system is the largest immune system. So it is necessary to discover the mucosal immune related bioactive components of BZYQT. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the mucosal immunomodulatory bioactivity of BZYQT and ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peyer's patches were collected from mice administrated orally with BZYQT, its related Octadecylsilane (ODS) fractions and polysaccharide part. Productions of several cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ from T lymphocytes were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by Peyer's patch cells ex vivo experiments. Chemical profile including low molecular part and polysaccharide part were investigated. Low molecular part of BZYQT and related ODS fractions were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) based on LC-MS information from self-established compound library. exclusion chromatography, and chemical property has been analyzed. RESULT Three-days' administration of BZYQT enhanced productions of IL-4 and IFN-γ in T lymphocytes of Peyer's patches in addition to IL-2. Some hydrophobic low molecular weight fractions (30%, 70% and 100% MeOH ODS fraction), which were fractionated from BZYQT by ODS column chromatography, showed enhancing or suppressive effects on productions of IL-2, IL-4 or IL-5 in T lymphocytes of Peyer's patches after oral administration. Besides, 161 components from hydrophobic low molecular weight fractions of BZYQT were unequivocally identified or tentatively characterized by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS according to retention time behaviors and fragments, and most of them were flavonoids and saponins from Glycyrrhizae Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and Cimicifugae Rhizoma. Polysaccharide part was separated and purified both by anion-exchange and size. BZYQT also contained at least one neutral and three weakly or strongly acidic polysaccharides, and analysis of their chemical properties indicated that a neutral polysaccharide was glucan, and acidic polysaccharides possessed heteroglycan and pectic arabinogalactan features. Murine administration of polysaccharide fractions of BZYQT induced different changes on functions of T lymphocytes in Peyer's patches from hydrophobic low molecular weight fractions. By experiment using intranasally-immunized mice, BZYQT negatively regulated antibody response in lung as combinatorial actions of its low molecular weight ingredients and polysaccharides. CONCLUSION BZYQT contains several low and macromolecular weight ingredients, which affect to immune-function of T lymphocytes in Peyer's patches, and the formula expresses its regulative activity on lower respiratory immune system through combinatorial actions of these ingredients on immunocompetent cells in Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Liufang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, the First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mayu Idehara
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicine, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University 1088641, Japan
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicine, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University 1088641, Japan.
| | - Haruki Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicine, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University 1088641, Japan
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Bhat K, Duhachek-Muggy S, Ramanathan R, Saki M, Alli C, Medina P, Damoiseaux R, Whitelegge J, McBride WH, Schaue D, Vlashi E, Pajonk F. 1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-penylpiperazine increases the number of Peyer's patch-associated regenerating crypts in the small intestines after radiation injury. Radiother Oncol 2018; 132:8-15. [PMID: 30825974 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to lethal doses of radiation has severe effects on normal tissues. Exposed individuals experience a plethora of symptoms in different organ systems including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, summarized as Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). There are currently no approved drugs for mitigating GI-ARS. A recent high-throughput screen performed at the UCLA Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation identified compounds containing sulfonylpiperazine groups with radiation mitigation properties to the hematopoietic system and the gut. Among these 1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (Compound #5) efficiently mitigated gastrointestinal ARS. However, the mechanism of action and target cells of this drug is still unknown. In this study we examined if Compound #5 affects gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) with its subepithelial domes called Peyer's patches. METHODS C3H mice were irradiated with 0 or 12 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). A single dose of Compound #5 or solvent was administered subcutaneously 24 h later. 48 h after irradiation the mice were sacrificed, and the guts examined for changes in the number of visible Peyer's patches. In some experiments the mice received 4 daily injections of treatment and were sacrificed 96 h after TBI. For immune histochemistry gut tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections were stained with H&E, anti-Ki67 or a TUNEL assay to assess the number of regenerating crypts, mitotic and apoptotic indices. Cells isolated from Peyer's patches were subjected to immune profiling using flow cytometry. RESULTS Compound #5 significantly increased the number of visible Peyer's patches when compared to its control in non-irradiated and irradiated mice. Additionally, assessment of total cells per Peyer's patch isolated from these mice demonstrated an overall increase in the total number of Peyer's patch cells per mouse in Compound #5-treated mice. In non-irradiated animals the number of CD11bhigh in Peyer's patches increased significantly. These Compound #5-driven increases did not coincide with a decrease in apoptosis or an increase in proliferation in the germinal centers inside Peyer's patches 24 h after drug treatment. A single dose of Compound #5 significantly increased the number of CD45+ cells after 12 Gy TBI. Importantly, 96 h after 12 Gy TBI Compound #5 induced a significant rise in the number of visible Peyer's patches and the number of Peyer's patch-associated regenerating crypts. CONCLUSION In summary, our study provides evidence that Compound #5 leads to an influx of immune cells into GALT, thereby supporting crypt regeneration preferentially in the proximity of Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sara Duhachek-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Renuka Ramanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mohammad Saki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Claudia Alli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul Medina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA.
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Xu Z, Zhong H, Huang S, Zhou Q, Du Y, Chen L, Xue C, Cao Y. Porcine deltacoronavirus induces TLR3, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β and PKR mRNA expression in infected Peyer's patches in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:226-233. [PMID: 30593372 PMCID: PMC7117130 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PDCoV infection caused severe diarrhea, virus shedding and intestinal lesion in weaned piglets. PDCoV could induce TLR3 mRNA expression in infected Peyer's patches from weaned piglets. PDCoV obviously induced IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β, and PKR mRNA expression in infected Peyer's patches from weaned piglets.
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes watery diarrhea in piglets and results in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Currently there are no effective treatments or vaccines for PDCoV. In particular, the pathogenesis of PDCoV infection is still largely unknown. In this study, we reported that inoculating conventional weaned piglets with 1 × 109 TCID50 of the PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 strain by oral feeding could cause severe diarrhea. Virus RNA was detected in rectal swabs from 1 to 7 days post inoculation. In addition, microscopic lesions in small intestine were observed, and viral antigen also detected in the small intestines with PDCoV immunohistochemical staining. Importantly, PDCoV significantly induced mRNA expression of TLR3, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β, and PKR, the genes involved in modulation of the host immune responses, in infected Peyer's patches at 3 d.p.i., indicating that Peyer's patches play an important role in PDCoV immune responses in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that the observed gene expression profile might help explain immunological and pathological changes associated with PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Songjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Yunping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yazicioglu YF, Aksoylar HI, Pal R, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches. J Vis Exp 2018:10.3791/58490. [PMID: 30531720 PMCID: PMC10947548 DOI: 10.3791/58490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the gut mucosa, immune cells constitute a unique immunological entity, which promotes immune tolerance while concurrently conferring immune defense against pathogens. It is well established that Peyer's patches (PPs) have an essential role in the mucosal immune network by hosting several effector T and B cell subsets. A certain fraction of these effector cells, follicular T helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) B cells are professionalized in the regulation of humoral immunity. Hence, the characterization of these cell subsets within PPs in terms of their differentiation program and functional properties can provide important information about mucosal immunity. To this end, an easily applicable, efficient and reproducible method of lymphocyte isolation from PPs would be valuable to researchers. In this study, we aimed to generate an effective method to isolate lymphocytes from mouse PPs with high cell yield. Our approach revealed that initial tissue processing such as the use of digestive reagents and tissue agitation, as well as cell staining conditions and selection of antibody panels, have great influence on the quality and identity of the isolated lymphocytes and on experimental outcomes. Here, we describe a protocol enabling researchers to efficiently isolate lymphocyte populations from PPs allowing reproducible flow cytometry-based assessment of T and B cell subsets primarily focusing on TFH and GC B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz F Yazicioglu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Halil I Aksoylar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rinku Pal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School;
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Weiberg D, Basic M, Smoczek M, Bode U, Bornemann M, Buettner M. Participation of the spleen in the IgA immune response in the gut. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205247. [PMID: 30286198 PMCID: PMC6171922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the spleen in the induction of an immune response to orally administered antigens is still under discussion. Although it is well known that after oral antigen administration specific germinal centres are not only formed in the Peyers patches (PP) and the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) but also in the spleen, there is still a lack of functional data showing a direct involvement of splenic B cells in an IgA immune response in the gut. In addition, after removal of mLN a high level of IgA+ B cells was observed in the gut. Therefore, in this study we analysed the role of the spleen in the induction of IgA+ B cells in the gut after mice were orally challenged with antigens. Here we have shown that antigen specific splenic IgM+ B cells after in vitro antigen stimulation as well as oral immunisation of donor mice were able to migrate into the gut of recipient mice, where they predominantly switch to IgA+ plasma cells. Furthermore, stimulation of recipient mice by orally administered antigens enhanced the migration of the splenic B cells into the gut as well as their switch to IgA+ plasma cells. Removal of the mLN led to a higher activation level of the splenic B cells. Altogether, our results imply that splenic IgM+ B cells migrate in the intestinal lamina propria, where they differentiate into IgA+ plasma cells and subsequently proliferate. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the spleen plays a major role in the gut immune response serving as a reservoir of immune cells that migrate to the site of antigen entrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Weiberg
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margarethe Smoczek
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bode
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bornemann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Yuan C, Zhang E, Huang L, Wang J, Yang Q. Oral administration of inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activate DCs in porcine Peyer's patches. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:239. [PMID: 30115049 PMCID: PMC6097195 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyer's patches (PPs) can be considered as the immune site of the intestine. Within PPs, Dendritic cells (DCs) can uptake antigens from the gut lumen by extending dendrites into epithelium, and process it and then present to lymphocytes, which effectively antigen produces an immune response. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), an acute and highly contagious enteric viral disease. The interaction between inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) has been reported. However, little is known about the interaction between inactivated PEDV and DCs in porcine PPs. RESULTS In this study, for the first time we investigated the role of DCs in porcine PPs after oral administration inactivated PEDV. Firstly, a method to isolate DCs from porcine PPs was established, in which the purity of SWC3a+/MHC-II+ DCs was more than 90%. Our findings clearly indicate that DCs in porcine PPs after oral administration of inactivated PEDV not only stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes, but also secreted cytokines (IL-1, IL-4). Furthermore, the number of DCs and IgA+ cells in porcine intestinal mucosal significantly increased and the levels of anti-PEDV specific IgG antibody in the serum and SIgA antibody in the feces increased after oral administration inactivated PEDV. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that oral administration of inactivated PEDV activate DCs in porcine Peyer's patches and inactivated PEDV may be a useful and safe vaccine to trigger adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Wasowicz K, Winnicka A, Kaleczyc J, Zalecki M, Podlasz P, Pidsudko Z. Neuropeptides and lymphocyte populations in the porcine ileum and ileocecal lymph nodes during postnatal life. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196458. [PMID: 29813072 PMCID: PMC5973590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation-related changes in the concentrations of galanin (Gal), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (Som), as well as in subpopulations of lymphocytes expressing antigens CD2 (lymphocytes T), CD4 (T helper), CD8 (T cytotoxic), CD21 (B lymphocytes), CD5-/CD8+ (NK cells) and TCRgamma/delta (gut mucosal/intraepitelial cells) were studied in the ileal Peyer's patches and ileo-cecal lymph nodes in female pigs aged 3 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 4 months. As regards neuropeptide concentrations statistically significant changes in the ileum and lymph nodes were found only in case of Gal and VIP. The concentrations of neuropeptides were significantly higher only in new-born animals. As regards the changes in subpopulations of lymphocytes, statistically significant changes were noticed only in 4-months old animals and were dealing only with CD2+ and TCRgamma/delta cells in the ileum as well as CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ and TCRgamma/delta in lymph nodes. The highest number of CD8+, CD21+ and TCRgamma/delta lymphocytes occurred in 4-months old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wasowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michal Zalecki
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zenon Pidsudko
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Alterations of intestinal lymphoid patches induced by cyclosporine A (CS-A) were studied in male Fischer 344 rats. Continuous treatment with CS-A (10 mg/kg b.w. by gavage daily) resulted in lymphocyte deficiency of the intestinal lymphoid patches followed by progressive replacement of the lymphoid tissue by cystic and glandular epithelial structures and single cells positive for epithelium-associated immunohistochemical markers. Cessation of CS-A administration led to regression of the alterations and a moderate recovery of the lymphoid patches. Morphologic changes induced at the epithelial-lymphoid border may be a useful parameter to estimate immunotoxicity.
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Kubota A, Kobayashi M, Sarashina S, Takeno R, Okamoto K, Narumi K, Furugen A, Suzuki Y, Takahashi N, Iseki K. Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Modulates IgA production and alpha-defensin expression in the rat small intestine. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 214:240-243. [PMID: 29248453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion and alpha-defensins play a role in the innate immune system to protect against infection. Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Reishi) is a well-known mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to determine the effects of Reishi on IgA secretion from Peyer's patch (PP) cells and alpha-defensin-5 (RD-5) and RD-6 expression in the rat small intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats received an oral injection of 0.5-5mg/kg of Reishi powder (1mL/kg) by sonde. All animals were euthanized 24h after Reishi administration. We examined RD-5, RD-6, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mRNA levels in the jejunum, ileum, and in Peyer's patches (PP) through quantitative real-time PCR analysis. IgA secretion from PP was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the supernatant after primary culture. RESULTS Reishi increased IgA secretion in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased TLR4 mRNA levels, but had no effect on the viability of PP cells. Moreover, Reishi increased RD-5, RD-6, and TLR4 mRNA levels significantly in the ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Reishi can induce IgA secretion and increase the mRNA levels of RD-5 and RD-6 in the rat small intestine, through a TLR4-dependent pathway. The present results indicate that Reishi might reduce the risk of intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Kubota
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Sota Sarashina
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan
| | - Natsuko Takahashi
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo 006-8590, Japan.
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
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Stanisavljević S, Dinić M, Jevtić B, Đedović N, Momčilović M, Đokić J, Golić N, Mostarica Stojković M, Miljković Đ. Gut Microbiota Confers Resistance of Albino Oxford Rats to the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:942. [PMID: 29770137 PMCID: PMC5942155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Albino Oxford (AO) rats are extremely resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE is an animal model of multiple sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with established autoimmune pathogenesis. The autoimmune response against the antigens of the CNS is initiated in the peripheral lymphoid tissues after immunization of AO rats with CNS antigens. Subsequently, limited infiltration of the CNS occurs, yet without clinical sequels. It has recently become increasingly appreciated that gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and gut microbiota play an important role in regulation and propagation of encephalitogenic immune response. Therefore, modulation of AO gut microbiota by antibiotics was performed in this study. The treatment altered composition of gut microbiota in AO rats and led to a reduction in the proportion of regulatory T cells in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and in lymph nodes draining the site of immunization. Upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 production was observed in the draining lymph nodes. The treatment led to clinically manifested EAE in AO rats with more numerous infiltrates and higher production of IL-17 observed in the CNS. Importantly, transfer of AO gut microbiota into EAE-prone Dark Agouti rats ameliorated the disease. These results clearly imply that gut microbiota is an important factor in AO rat resistance to EAE and that gut microbiota transfer is an efficacious way to treat CNS autoimmunity. These findings also support the idea that gut microbiota modulation has a potential as a future treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Stanisavljević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Đedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljana Momčilović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Đorde Miljković,
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Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are secondary lymphoid organs that coordinate the immunoglobulin A (IgA) response against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In contrast to the immune dynamics in peripheral lymph nodes, the dynamics of immune response in PP have not been extensively characterized in vivo by two-photon microscopy, mainly due to the PP location on the anti-mesenteric side of the small intestine and the associated peristaltic movement.Here, we describe an approach based on a custom-made spring-loaded platform to immobilize PPs and allow for two-photon microscopy imaging in vivo. We also list different strategies based on fluorescent dyes, as well as Cre/Lox and Reporter-based system, that can be used to image specific immune cell populations in distinct areas of PPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Elderman M, Sovran B, Hugenholtz F, Graversen K, Huijskes M, Houtsma E, Belzer C, Boekschoten M, de Vos P, Dekker J, Wells J, Faas M. The effect of age on the intestinal mucus thickness, microbiota composition and immunity in relation to sex in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184274. [PMID: 28898292 PMCID: PMC5595324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A mucus layer covers and protects the intestinal epithelial cells from direct contact with microbes. This mucus layer not only prevents inflammation but also plays an essential role in microbiota colonization, indicating the complex interplay between mucus composition-microbiota and intestinal health. However, it is unknown whether the mucus layer is influenced by age or sex and whether this contributes to reported differences in intestinal diseases in males and females or with ageing. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of age on mucus thickness, intestinal microbiota composition and immune composition in relation to sex. The ageing induced shrinkage of the colonic mucus layer was associated with bacterial penetration and direct contact of bacteria with the epithelium in both sexes. Additionally, several genes involved in the biosynthesis of mucus were downregulated in old mice, especially in males, and this was accompanied by a decrease in abundances of various Lactobacillus species and unclassified Clostridiales type IV and XIV and increase in abundance of the potential pathobiont Bacteroides vulgatus. The changes in mucus and microbiota in old mice were associated with enhanced activation of the immune system as illustrated by a higher percentage of effector T cells in old mice. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between mucus-microbiota-and immune responses and ultimately may lead to more tailored design of strategies to modulate mucus production in targeted groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Elderman
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical Biology, department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Sovran
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrine Graversen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Myrte Huijskes
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Houtsma
- Division of Medical Biology, department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical Biology, department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dekker
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry Wells
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Jinnohara T, Kanaya T, Hase K, Sakakibara S, Kato T, Tachibana N, Sasaki T, Hashimoto Y, Sato T, Watarai H, Kunisawa J, Shibata N, Williams IR, Kiyono H, Ohno H. IL-22BP dictates characteristics of Peyer's patch follicle-associated epithelium for antigen uptake. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1607-1618. [PMID: 28512157 PMCID: PMC5460992 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) acts protectively and harmfully on intestinal tissue depending on the situation; therefore, IL-22 signaling needs to be tightly regulated. IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) binds IL-22 to inhibit IL-22 signaling. It is expressed in intestinal and lymphoid tissues, although its precise distribution and roles have remained unclear. In this study, we show that IL-22BP is highly expressed by CD11b+CD8α- dendritic cells in the subepithelial dome region of Peyer's patches (PPs). We found that IL-22BP blocks IL-22 signaling in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering PPs, indicating that IL-22BP plays a role in regulating the characteristics of the FAE. As expected, FAE of IL-22BP-deficient (Il22ra2-/-) mice exhibited altered properties such as the enhanced expression of mucus and antimicrobial proteins as well as prominent fucosylation, which are normally suppressed in FAE. Additionally, Il22ra2-/- mice exhibited the decreased uptake of bacterial antigens into PPs without affecting M cell function. Our present study thus demonstrates that IL-22BP promotes bacterial uptake into PPs by influencing FAE gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshi Jinnohara
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Science, Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanaya
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Science, Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Tachibana
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaharu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Science, Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Shibata
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ifor R Williams
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Science, Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Genton L, Reese SR, Ikeda S, Le Tho C, Kudsk KA. The C-Terminal Heptapeptide of Bombesin Reduces the Deleterious Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) on Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) Mass but Not Intestinal Immunoglobulin AIn Vivo. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 28:431-4. [PMID: 15568290 DOI: 10.1177/0148607104028006431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bombesin, the amphibian analog of mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide, reverses total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-induced atrophy of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and increases intestinal and respiratory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. Structure-activity studies suggested that the biologically active portion of bombesin is a C-terminal heptapeptide (7AA). This study investigates the effect of 7AA on lymphocytes counts of the Peyer's patches (PP), the lamina propria (LP) and the intraepithelial layer (IE). METHODS Forty-eight male mice were randomized to receive chow (n = 13), TPN only (n = 9), TPN + 15 microg 7AA 3 times per day (n = 13) or TPN + 150 microg 7AA 3 times per day (n = 13). After 5 days of feeding, PP, LP, and IE lymphocytes were determined. Intestinal IgA levels were measured with ELISA. Groups were compared with ANOVA. RESULTS All TPN-fed mice lost more weight than mice fed chow (p < .04). Lymphocyte counts in PP, LP, and IE were significantly lower in the TPN group than in the 3 other groups but did not differ between the groups fed chow, TPN + 15 microg 7AA 3 times per day, or TPN + 150 microg 7AA 3 times per day. Intestinal IgA levels were higher in chow-fed mice (148.4 +/- 16.9) than in mice fed TPN (98.4 +/- 14.0, p = .008), TPN + 15 microg 7AA 3 times per day (96.9 +/- 7.7, p = .003) or TPN + 150 microg 7AA 3 times per day (87.3 +/- 6.7, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS The C-terminal heptapeptide of bombesin prevented the TPN-induced decrease in intestinal lymphocyte populations but not the reduction in intestinal IgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Genton
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-7375, USA
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Kieckens E, Rybarczyk J, Li RW, Vanrompay D, Cox E. Potential immunosuppressive effects of Escherichia coli O157:H7 experimental infection on the bovine host. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1049. [PMID: 28003017 PMCID: PMC5178093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), like E. coli O157:H7 are frequently detected in bovine faecal samples at slaughter. Cattle do not show clinical symptoms upon infection, but for humans the consequences after consuming contaminated beef can be severe. The immune response against EHEC in cattle cannot always clear the infection as persistent colonization and shedding in infected animals over a period of months often occurs. In previous infection trials, we observed a primary immune response after infection which was unable to protect cattle from re-infection. These results may reflect a suppression of certain immune pathways, making cattle more prone to persistent colonization after re-infection. To test this, RNA-Seq was used for transcriptome analysis of recto-anal junction tissue and ileal Peyer's patches in nine Holstein-Friesian calves in response to a primary and secondary Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection with the Shiga toxin (Stx) negative NCTC12900 strain. Non-infected calves served as controls. RESULTS In tissue of the recto-anal junction, only 15 genes were found to be significantly affected by a first infection compared to 1159 genes in the ileal Peyer's patches. Whereas, re-infection significantly changed the expression of 10 and 17 genes in the recto-anal junction tissue and the Peyer's patches, respectively. A significant downregulation of 69 immunostimulatory genes and a significant upregulation of seven immune suppressing genes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Although the recto-anal junction is a major site of colonization, this area does not seem to be modulated upon infection to the same extent as ileal Peyer's patches as the changes in gene expression were remarkably higher in the ileal Peyer's patches than in the recto-anal junction during a primary but not a secondary infection. We can conclude that the main effect on the transcriptome was immunosuppression by E. coli O157:H7 (Stx-) due to an upregulation of immune suppressive effects (7/12 genes) or a downregulation of immunostimulatory effects (69/94 genes) in the ileal Peyer's patches. These data might indicate that a primary infection promotes a re-infection with EHEC by suppressing the immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kieckens
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. Rybarczyk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R. W. Li
- USDA-ARS, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD USA
| | - D. Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Butler JE, Santiago-Mateo K, Wertz N, Sun X, Sinkora M, Francis DL. Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XXIV. Hypothesis: The ileal Peyer patches (IPP) are the major source of primary, undiversified IgA antibodies in newborn piglets. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 65:340-351. [PMID: 27497872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ileal Peyers patches (IPP) of newborn germfree (GF) piglets were isolated into blind loops and the piglets colonized with a defined probiotic microflora. After 5 weeks, IgA levels in the intestinal lavage (IL) of loop piglets remained at GF levels and IgM comprised ∼70% while in controls, IgA levels were elevated 5-fold and comprised ∼70% of total Igs. Loop piglets also had reduced serum IgA levels suggesting the source of serum IgA had been interrupted. The isotype profile for loop contents was intermediate between that in the IL of GF and probiotic controls. Surprisingly, colonization alone did not result in repertoire diversification in the IPP. Rather, colonization promoted pronounced proliferation of fully switched IgA(+)IgM(-) B cells in the IPP that supply early, non-diversified "natural" SIgA antibodies to the gut lumen and a primary IgA response in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | | - Nancy Wertz
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - David L Francis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD, USA
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Morikawa M, Tsujibe S, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Watanabe Y, Kato-Nagaoka N, Shida K, Matsumoto S. Microbiota of the Small Intestine Is Selectively Engulfed by Phagocytes of the Lamina Propria and Peyer's Patches. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163607. [PMID: 27701454 PMCID: PMC5049916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which are distributed in the small intestinal mucosa, play a crucial role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis by sampling the luminal gut microbiota. However, there is limited information regarding microbial uptake in a steady state. We investigated the composition of murine gut microbiota that is engulfed by phagocytes of specific subsets in the small intestinal lamina propria (SILP) and Peyer's patches (PP). Analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences revealed that: 1) all the phagocyte subsets in the SILP primarily engulfed Lactobacillus (the most abundant microbe in the small intestine), whereas CD11bhi and CD11bhiCD11chi cell subsets in PP mostly engulfed segmented filamentous bacteria (indigenous bacteria in rodents that are reported to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells); and 2) among the Lactobacillus species engulfed by the SILP cell subsets, L. murinus was engulfed more frequently than L. taiwanensis, although both these Lactobacillus species were abundant in the small intestine under physiological conditions. These results suggest that small intestinal microbiota is selectively engulfed by phagocytes that localize in the adjacent intestinal mucosa in a steady state. These observations may provide insight into the crucial role of phagocytes in immune surveillance of the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kan Shida
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerisation protein 2 (NOD2) is a sensor for bacterial muramyl dipeptide, which ensures ileal expression of antimicrobial peptides (so-called α-defensins) and promotes cytokine and chemokine production by immunocytes and enterocytes. Defective NOD2 signaling pathway and impaired expression of defensins were inextricably linked to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, a common form of inflammatory bowel disease. NOD2 and defensin deficiency at the level of the epithelial barrier and gut-associated lymphoid tissue may favour Crohn's disease by failing to protect from enteropathogens and to instruct adaptive immune response in the gut micro-environment. Herein, we provide an overview on the key role of NOD2 and defensins in antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and antigen-specific immunity. We also outline the urgent need for a better understanding of the regulators of NOD2 function and defensin biogenesis to support the development of a rational immunostimulatory treatment for restoring long-lasting immunity in Crohn's disease.
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46
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Deng X, Huang R, Wen R, Luo X, Zhou L. [Shengqifuzheng Injection promotes the recovery of B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of mice treated with cyclophosphamide]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:1073-1077. [PMID: 27412939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Shengqifuzheng Injection (SQFZ) on the number recovery of B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) of mice receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, cyclophosphamide (Cy) group and SQFZ group. Mice in Cy group and SQFZ group were injected intraperitoneally with Cy (100 mg/kg), while the control mice were injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Twenty-four hours later, mice in SQFZ group were administrated intragastricly with 1 mL SQFZ once daily for 10 consecutive days, and mice in the other groups were given the same volume of normal saline. Body mass of all the mice was measured every day. Mice were killed on day 10, and the indexes of spleen and thymus were measured. Cell cycles of bone marrow cells and the percentage of B cells in lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were detected by flow cytometry. In vitro, after being treated with SQFZ, activity of lymphocytes was evaluzed by MTT assay; expression of CD86 on B cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry; and B cell proliferation was tested by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based lymphocyte proliferation assay. Results SQFZ alleviated the loss of body mass caused by Cy and promoted the recovery of thymus indexes, spleen indexes and B cell number in MLN and PP. But it did not alleviate the bone marrow suppression of mice in this condition. In vitro, SQFZ enhanced lymphocyte activity, and improved the activation and proliferation of B cells. Conclusion SQFZ could accelerate the recovery of B cells in GALTs of mice receiving chemotherapy and it might act by promoting B cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruyan Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Cabinian A, Sinsimer D, Tang M, Zumba O, Mehta H, Toma A, Sant’Angelo D, Laouar Y, Laouar A. Transfer of Maternal Immune Cells by Breastfeeding: Maternal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Present in Breast Milk Localize in the Peyer's Patches of the Nursed Infant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156762. [PMID: 27285085 PMCID: PMC4902239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our knowledge of the protective role of antibodies passed to infants through breast milk, our understanding of immunity transfer via maternal leukocytes is still limited. To emulate the immunological interface between the mother and her infant while breast-feeding, we used murine pups fostered after birth onto MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched dams. Overall, data revealed that: 1) Survival of breast milk leukocytes in suckling infants is possible, but not significant after the foster-nursing ceases; 2) Most breast milk lymphocytes establish themselves in specific areas of the intestine termed Peyer’s patches (PPs); 3) While most leukocytes in the milk bolus were myeloid cells, the majority of breast milk leukocytes localized to PPs were T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in particular; 4) These CTLs exhibit high levels of the gut-homing molecules α4β7 and CCR9, but a reduced expression of the systemic homing marker CD62L; 5) Under the same activation conditions, transferred CD8 T cells through breast milk have a superior capacity to produce potent cytolytic and inflammatory mediators when compared to those generated by the breastfed infant. It is therefore possible that maternal CTLs found in breast milk are directed to the PPs to compensate for the immature adaptive immune system of the infant in order to protect it against constant oral infectious risks during the postnatal phase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Animals, Suckling
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Female
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/immunology
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Lactation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Milk/cytology
- Milk/immunology
- Mothers
- Peyer's Patches/cytology
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cabinian
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sinsimer
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - May Tang
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Zumba
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hetali Mehta
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Annmarie Toma
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Derek Sant’Angelo
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yasmina Laouar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (YL)
| | - Amale Laouar
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (YL)
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48
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Miller S, Senior PV, Prakash M, Apostolopoulos V, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Leukocyte populations and IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment of an orthotopic colorectal cancer model. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:334-41. [PMID: 26893144 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem worldwide. It is often diagnosed late due to its asymptomatic nature. As with all cancers, an immune reaction is involved; however, in CRC, it is unknown if this immune response is favorable or unfavorable for disease progression. In this study, the immune response in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches was investigated during development of CRC in an orthotopic mouse model. CRC was induced by injecting CT26 cells into the cecum wall of BALB/c mice. Flow cytometry was used to analyze leukocyte populations involved in tumor immunity in MLNs and Peyer's patches. Cryostat sections for immunohistochemistry were prepared from the caecum and colon from CRC-induced and sham-operated animals. Cytokines produced by mouse CT26 cell line were measuredin vitroandin vivo Significant increases in the number of CD8(+)/TCR(+)and CD49b(+)/TCR(-)(natural killer) cells were found in MLNs and Peyer's patches in the CRC group. In addition, γδT cells were present in the lamina propria of the colon tissues from sham-operated mice, but absent in the colon tissues from mice with CRC. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumorous tissues showed eosinophil, CD69(+)T cell, and CD11b(+)cell infiltration. Bothin vitroandin vivoCT26 tumor cells were interleukin (IL)-6 positive. In addition, tumor-infiltrating CD45(+)cells were also IL-6 positive. In summary, the kinetics of the immune response to CRC and the key effector lymphocytes that are implicated in tumor immunity are demonstrated. Furthermore, IL-6 is a key cytokine present within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Miller
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Senior
- North West Academic Centre, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia
| | - Monica Prakash
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Yeruva L, Spencer NE, Saraf MK, Hennings L, Bowlin AK, Cleves MA, Mercer K, Chintapalli SV, Shankar K, Rank RG, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Formula diet alters small intestine morphology, microbial abundance and reduces VE-cadherin and IL-10 expression in neonatal porcine model. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:40. [PMID: 27005303 PMCID: PMC4804644 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with a variety of positive health outcomes in children and is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life; however, 50-70 % of infants in the US are formula-fed. To test the hypothesis that immune system development and function in neonates and infants are significantly influenced by diet, 2-day old piglets were fed soy or milk formula (n = 6/group/gender) until day 21 and compared to a sow-fed group (n = 6/gender). METHODS Histomorphometric analyses of ileum, jejunum and Peyer's patches were carried out, to determine the inflammation status, mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and growth-related chemokines and cytokines. RESULTS In formula-fed animals, increases in ileum and jejunum villus height and crypt depth were observed in comparison to sow-fed animals (jejunum, p < 0.01 villus height, p < 0.04 crypt depth; ileum p < 0.001 villus height, p < 0.002 crypt depth). In formula-fed the lymphoid follicle size (p < 0.01) and germinal centers (p < 0.01) with in the Peyer's patch were significantly decreased in comparison to sow-fed, indicating less immune education. In ileum, formula diet induced significant up-regulation of AMCFII, IL-8, IL-15, VEGFA, LIF, FASL, CXCL11, CCL4, CCL25 and down-regulation of IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-27, IFNA4, CSF3, LOC100152038, and LOC100736831 at the transcript level. We have confirmed some of the mRNA data by measuring protein, and significant down-regulation of anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 in comparison to sow-fed piglets was observed. To further determine the membrane protein expression in the ileum, VE-cadherin, occludin, and claudin-3, Western blot analyses were conducted. Sow fed piglets showed significantly more VE-Cadherin, which associated with levels of calcium, and putrescine measured. It is possible that differences in GI tract and immune development are related to shifts in the microbiome; notably, there were 5-fold higher amounts of Lactobacillaceae spp and 3 fold higher Clostridia spp in the sow fed group in comparison to milk formula-fed piglets, whereas in milk formula-fed pigs Enterobacteriaceae spp was 5-fold higher. CONCLUSION In conclusion, formula diet alters GI morphology, microbial abundance, intestinal barrier protein VE-cadherin and anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 expression. Further characterization of formula effects could lead to modification of infant formula to improve immune function, reduce inflammation and prevent conditions such as allergies and infections.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diet
- Down-Regulation
- Fas Ligand Protein/drug effects
- Fas Ligand Protein/genetics
- Fas Ligand Protein/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Humans
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- Ileum/microbiology
- Ileum/pathology
- Infant Formula/pharmacology
- Infant, Newborn
- Interferon-alpha/drug effects
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Interleukin-27/genetics
- Interleukin-27/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/drug effects
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Jejunum/drug effects
- Jejunum/metabolism
- Jejunum/microbiology
- Jejunum/pathology
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/drug effects
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/genetics
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/metabolism
- Milk
- Peyer's Patches/drug effects
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Soy Foods
- Swine
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Yeruva
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | | | - Manish K. Saraf
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Leah Hennings
- />Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Anne K. Bowlin
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Mario A. Cleves
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Kelly Mercer
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Roger G. Rank
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- />Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Martin J. J. Ronis
- />Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
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50
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Zhao HM, Wang Y, Huang XY, Huang MF, Xu R, Yue HY, Zhou BG, Huang HY, Sun QM, Liu DY. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates rat experimental colitis by inducing regulatory T cells in intestinal Peyer’s patches. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3175-3185. [PMID: 27003994 PMCID: PMC4789992 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against experimental colitis.
METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The rats with colitis were treated with 400 mg/kg of APS for 7 d. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by colonic weight, weight index of the colon, colonic length, and macroscopic and histological scores. The levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Peyer’s patches were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt), IL-23 and STAT-5a was measured by Western blot.
RESULTS: After 7-d treatment with APS, the weight index of the colon, colonic weight, macroscopical and histological scores were decreased, while the colonic length was increased compared with the model group. The expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and ROR-γt in the colonic tissues was down-regulated, but Treg cells in Peyer’s patches, TGF-β and STAT5a in the colonic tissues were up-regulated.
CONCLUSION: APS effectively ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats, probably through restoring the number of Treg cells, and inhibiting IL-17 levels in Peyer’s patches.
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