1
|
Johnson JT, Surette FA, Ausdahl GR, Shah M, Minns AM, Lindner SE, Zander RA, Butler NS. CD4 T Cell-Derived IL-21 Is Critical for Sustaining Plasmodium Infection-Induced Germinal Center Responses and Promoting the Selection of Memory B Cells with Recall Potential. J Immunol 2024; 212:1467-1478. [PMID: 38477614 PMCID: PMC11018477 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of Plasmodium-specific humoral immunity is critically dependent on CD4 Th cell responses and germinal center (GC) reactions during blood-stage Plasmodium infection. IL-21, a cytokine primarily produced by CD4 T cells, is an essential regulator of affinity maturation, isotype class-switching, B cell differentiation, and maintenance of GC reactions in response to many infection and immunization models. In models of experimental malaria, mice deficient in IL-21 or its receptor IL-21R fail to develop memory B cell populations and are not protected against secondary infection. However, whether sustained IL-21 signaling in ongoing GCs is required for maintaining GC magnitude, organization, and output is unclear. In this study, we report that CD4+ Th cells maintain IL-21 expression after resolution of primary Plasmodium yoelii infection. We generated an inducible knockout mouse model that enabled cell type-specific and timed deletion of IL-21 in peripheral, mature CD4 T cells. We found that persistence of IL-21 signaling in active GCs had no impact on the magnitude of GC reactions or their capacity to produce memory B cell populations. However, the memory B cells generated in the absence of IL-21 exhibited reduced recall function upon challenge. Our data support that IL-21 prevents premature cellular dissolution within the GC and promotes stringency of selective pressures during B cell fate determination required to produce high-quality Plasmodium-specific memory B cells. These data are additionally consistent with a temporal requirement for IL-21 in fine-tuning humoral immune memory responses during experimental malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Johnson
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Fionna A. Surette
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Graham R. Ausdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Manan Shah
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Allen M. Minns
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ryan A. Zander
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Noah S. Butler
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shehata L, Thouvenel CD, Hondowicz BD, Pew LA, Pritchard GH, Rawlings DJ, Choi J, Pepper M. Interleukin-4 downregulates transcription factor BCL6 to promote memory B cell selection in germinal centers. Immunity 2024; 57:843-858.e5. [PMID: 38513666 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC)-derived memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for humoral immunity as they differentiate into protective antibody-secreting cells during re-infection. GC formation and cellular interactions within the GC have been studied in detail, yet the exact signals that allow for the selection and exit of MBCs are not understood. Here, we showed that IL-4 cytokine signaling in GC B cells directly downregulated the transcription factor BCL6 via negative autoregulation to release cells from the GC program and to promote MBC formation. This selection event required additional survival cues and could therefore result in either GC exit or death. We demonstrate that both increasing IL-4 bioavailability or limiting IL-4 signaling disrupted MBC selection stringency. In this way, IL-4 control of BCL6 expression serves as a tunable switch within the GC to tightly regulate MBC selection and affinity maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christopher D Thouvenel
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Brian D Hondowicz
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucia A Pew
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - David J Rawlings
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng Q, Lakra P, Gou P, Yang H, Meydan C, Teater M, Chin C, Zhang W, Dinh T, Hussein U, Li X, Rojas E, Liu W, Reville PK, Kizhakeyil A, Barisic D, Parsons S, Wilson A, Henderson J, Scull B, Gurumurthy C, Vega F, Chadburn A, Cuglievan B, El-Mallawany NK, Allen C, Mason C, Melnick A, Green MR. SMARCA4 is a haploinsufficient B cell lymphoma tumor suppressor that fine-tunes centrocyte cell fate decisions. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:605-622.e11. [PMID: 38458188 PMCID: PMC11003852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
SMARCA4 encodes one of two mutually exclusive ATPase subunits in the BRG/BRM associated factor (BAF) complex that is recruited by transcription factors (TFs) to drive chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activation. SMARCA4 is among the most recurrently mutated genes in human cancer, including ∼30% of germinal center (GC)-derived Burkitt lymphomas. In mice, GC-specific Smarca4 haploinsufficiency cooperated with MYC over-expression to drive lymphomagenesis. Furthermore, monoallelic Smarca4 deletion drove GC hyperplasia with centroblast polarization via significantly increased rates of centrocyte recycling to the dark zone. Mechanistically, Smarca4 loss reduced the activity of TFs that are activated in centrocytes to drive GC-exit, including SPI1 (PU.1), IRF family, and NF-κB. Loss of activity for these factors phenocopied aberrant BCL6 activity within murine centrocytes and human Burkitt lymphoma cells. SMARCA4 therefore facilitates chromatin accessibility for TFs that shape centrocyte trajectories, and loss of fine-control of these programs biases toward centroblast cell-fate, GC hyperplasia and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Deng
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priya Lakra
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Panhong Gou
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haopeng Yang
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Teater
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tommy Dinh
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Usama Hussein
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estela Rojas
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiguang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick K Reville
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Atish Kizhakeyil
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darko Barisic
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney Parsons
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Wilson
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared Henderson
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooks Scull
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nader Kim El-Mallawany
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Mason
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noor AAM, Nor AKCM, Redzwan NM. The immunological understanding on germinal center B cells in psoriasis. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38578060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of psoriasis is mainly driven by the dysregulation of T cells within the skin, marking a primary involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis. Although B cells are integral components of the immune system, their role in the initiation and progression of psoriasis is not as pivotal as that of T cells. The paradox of B cell suggests that, while it is crucial for adaptive immunity, B cells may contribute to the exacerbation of psoriasis. Numerous ideas proposed that there are potential relationships between psoriasis and B cells especially within germinal centers (GCs). Recent research projected that B cells might be triggered by autoantigens which then induced molecular mimicry to alter B cells activity within GC and generate autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, form ectopic GC, and dysregulate the proliferation of keratinocytes. Hence, in this review, we gathered potential evidence indicating the participation of B cells in psoriasis within the context of GC, aiming to enhance our comprehension and advance treatment strategies for psoriasis thus inviting many new researchers to investigate this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aina Akmal Mohd Noor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Karimah Che Md Nor
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhanani Mohd Redzwan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Liu W, Yang YG. B cell development and antibody responses in human immune system mice: current status and future perspective. Sci China Life Sci 2024; 67:645-652. [PMID: 38270770 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Humanized immune system (HIS) mice have been developed and used as a small surrogate model to study human immune function under normal or disease conditions. Although variations are found between models, most HIS mice show robust human T cell responses. However, there has been unsuccessful in constructing HIS mice that produce high-affinity human antibodies, primarily due to defects in terminal B cell differentiation, antibody affinity maturation, and development of primary follicles and germinal centers. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge about and previous attempts to improve human B cell development in HIS mice, and propose a potential strategy for constructing HIS mice with improved humoral immunity by transplantation of human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) to facilitate the development of secondary follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krull JE, Wenzl K, Hopper MA, Manske MK, Sarangi V, Maurer MJ, Larson MC, Mondello P, Yang Z, Novak JP, Serres M, Whitaker KR, Villasboas Bisneto JC, Habermann TM, Witzig TE, Link BK, Rimsza LM, King RL, Ansell SM, Cerhan JR, Novak AJ. Follicular lymphoma B cells exhibit heterogeneous transcriptional states with associated somatic alterations and tumor microenvironments. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101443. [PMID: 38428430 PMCID: PMC10983045 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center origin, which presents with significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. Using RNA-seq on B cells sorted from 87 FL biopsies, combined with machine-learning approaches, we identify 3 transcriptional states that divide the biological ontology of FL B cells into inflamed, proliferative, and chromatin-modifying states, with relationship to prior GC B cell phenotypes. When integrated with whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling, we find that each state was associated with a combination of mutations in chromatin modifiers, copy-number alterations to TNFAIP3, and T follicular helper cells (Tfh) cell interactions, or primarily by a microenvironment rich in activated T cells. Altogether, these data define FL B cell transcriptional states across a large cohort of patients, contribute to our understanding of FL heterogeneity at the tumor cell level, and provide a foundation for guiding therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Wenzl
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Maurer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - ZhiZhang Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Link
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca L King
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernández-Barranco A, Santos V, Mazariegos MS, Caleiras E, Nogués L, Mourcin F, Léonard S, Oblet C, Genebrier S, Rossille D, Benguría A, Sanz A, Vázquez E, Dopazo A, Efeyan A, Ortega-Molina A, Cogne M, Tarte K, Peinado H. NGFR regulates stromal cell activation in germinal centers. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113705. [PMID: 38307025 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is expressed by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). However, the role of NGFR in the humoral response is not well defined. Here, we study the effect of Ngfr loss on lymph node organization and function, demonstrating that Ngfr depletion leads to spontaneous germinal center (GC) formation and an expansion of the GC B cell compartment. In accordance with this effect, stromal cells are altered in Ngfr-/- mice with a higher frequency of FDCs, characterized by CD21/35, MAdCAM-1, and VCAM-1 overexpression. GCs are located ectopically in Ngfr-/- mice, with lost polarization together with impaired high-affinity antibody production and an increase in circulating autoantibodies. We observe higher levels of autoantibodies in Bcl2 Tg/Ngfr-/- mice, concomitant with a higher incidence of autoimmunity and lower overall survival. Our work shows that NGFR is involved in maintaining GC structure and function, participating in GC activation, antibody production, and immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernández-Barranco
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Santos
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina S Mazariegos
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Liver Injury and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nogués
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Mourcin
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Léonard
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Oblet
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, CNRS Umr 7276, Inserm U1262, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Steve Genebrier
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Rossille
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France; SITI Lab, Pôle Biologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alberto Benguría
- Genomic Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research, Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Sanz
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vázquez
- Genomic Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research, Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomic Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research, Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ortega-Molina
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Immune System and Function Department, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CMBSO-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Michel Cogne
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR U1236, University Rennes, INSERM, EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 35000 Rennes, France; SITI Lab, Pôle Biologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amarnani A, Lopez-Ocasio M, Dilshat R, Anumukonda K, Davila J, Malakhov N, Huan C, Magnusdottir E, Steingrimsson E, Roman CA. Mitf regulates gene expression networks implicated in B cell homeostasis, germinal center responses, and tolerance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339325. [PMID: 38444862 PMCID: PMC10912573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microphthalmia transcription factor Mitf has been shown to regulate B cell activation and tolerance. However, the underlying B cell-specific mechanisms responsible, and those that distinguish Mitf from closely related Mitf/TFE (MiT) transcription factors Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec, remain obscure. Methods Two complementary mouse models of Mitf and MiT deficiency were used: the Mitfmi-vga9/mi-vga9 systemic loss-of-function mutation, and B-cell specific MiT family inactivation via transgenic expression of a trans-dominant negative (TDN) protein (TDN-B). These models were employed to identify MiT family candidate target genes and pathways. Results Both models displayed spontaneous splenomegaly coincident with elevated plasma cell numbers, autoantibody titers, and proteinuria. These abnormalities appeared dependent on T helper cells, but independent of other non-B cell intrinsic effects of systemic Mitf inactivation. MiT inactivation in B cells augmented aspects of lupus-like autoimmune disease on the C57BL/6-Faslpr/lpr background. In both models, RNAseq of ex vivo resting B cells showed transcriptional upregulation of genes that control cell cycle, germinal center responses, and plasma cell differentiation. Among the genes strongly upregulated in both models were Socs6, Isp53 (Baiap1), S1pR2, and IgG2b/c. Mitf null B cells, but not TDN-B cells, showed evidence of type I interferon dysregulation. Discussion These studies clarify Mitf's role as 1) a key regulator of a B cell intrinsic germinal center program that influences self-tolerance through novel target genes, and 2) a regulator of systemic inflammatory processes that can impact the B cell microenvironment. This distinction of Mitf's function from that of related MiT transcription factors advances our understanding of B cell regulation and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Amarnani
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- School of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kamala Anumukonda
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Anuko Tech Inc., Hillsborough, NJ, United States
| | - Jonathan Davila
- School of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Urology, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Nikita Malakhov
- School of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Erna Magnusdottir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christopher A. Roman
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- School of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sutton HJ, Gao X, Kelly HG, Parker BJ, Lofgren M, Dacon C, Chatterjee D, Seder RA, Tan J, Idris AH, Neeman T, Cockburn IA. Lack of affinity signature for germinal center cells that have initiated plasma cell differentiation. Immunity 2024; 57:245-255.e5. [PMID: 38228150 PMCID: PMC10922795 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) secrete antibodies that can provide sustained immunity against infection. High-affinity cells are proposed to preferentially select into this compartment, potentiating the immune response. We used single-cell RNA-seq to track the germinal center (GC) development of Ighg2A10 B cells, specific for the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Following immunization with Plasmodium sporozoites, we identified 3 populations of cells in the GC light zone (LZ). One LZ population expressed a gene signature associated with the initiation of PC differentiation and readily formed PCs in vitro. The estimated affinity of these pre-PC B cells was indistinguishable from that of LZ cells that remained in the GC. This remained true when high- or low-avidity recombinant PfCSP proteins were used as immunogens. These findings suggest that the initiation of PC development occurs via an affinity-independent process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Sutton
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Gao
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brian J Parker
- Biological Data Science Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; School of Computing, ANU College of Engineering, Computing & Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mariah Lofgren
- Malaria Unit, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cherrelle Dacon
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Deepyan Chatterjee
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert A Seder
- Malaria Unit, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua Tan
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Azza H Idris
- Malaria Unit, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Biological Data Science Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aoyagi R, Maehara T, Koga R, Munemura R, Tomonaga T, Murakami Y, Doi A, Yamamoto H, Kiyoshima T, Kawano S, Nakamura S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals granzyme K-expressing cytotoxic Tfh cells in tertiary lymphoid structures in IgG4-RD. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:513-520.e10. [PMID: 37652139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal center (GC) responses controlled by T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are crucial for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Acquired immune responses to tissue-released antigens might be mainly induced in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) with GCs in affected tissues. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) demonstrates polarized isotype switching and TLOs in affected tissues. We performed single-cell transcriptomics of tissue-infiltrating T cells from these TLOs to obtain a comprehensive, unbiased view of tissue-infiltrating GC-Tfh cells. OBJECTIVE To identify GC-Tfh-cell subsets in TLOs in patients with IgG4-RD using single-cell transcriptomics. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing of sorted CD3+ T cells and multicolor immunofluorescence analysis were used to investigate CD4+CXCR5+Bcl6+ GC-Tfh cells in affected lesions from patients with IgG4-RD. RESULTS Infiltrating CD4+CXCR5+Bcl6+ Tfh cells were divided into 5 main clusters. We detected HLA+ granzyme K+ (GZMK+) Tfh cells with cytotoxicity-associated features in patients with IgG4-RD. We also observed abundant infiltrating Tfr cells with suppressor-associated features in patients with IgG4-RD. These GZMK+ Tfh cells and Tfr cells clustered together in affected tissues from patients with IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS This single-cell data set revealed a novel subset of HLA+GZMK+ cytotoxic Tfh cells infiltrating affected organs in patients with IgG4-RD, suggesting that infiltrating Tfr cells might suppress cytotoxic Tfh cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Aoyagi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Risako Koga
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Munemura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tomonaga
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Murakami
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang W, Maldeney AR, Yuan X, Richer MJ, Renshaw SE, Luo W. Ipsilateral immunization after a prior SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits superior B cell responses compared to contralateral immunization. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113665. [PMID: 38194344 PMCID: PMC10851277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have proven to be pivotal in the fight against COVID-19. A recommended booster, given 3 to 4 weeks post the initial vaccination, can substantially amplify protective antibody levels. Here, we show that, compared to contralateral boost, ipsilateral boost of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induces more germinal center B cells (GCBCs) specific to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and generates more bone marrow plasma cells. Ipsilateral boost can more rapidly generate high-affinity RBD-specific antibodies with improved cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant. Mechanistically, the ipsilateral boost promotes the positive selection and plasma cell differentiation of pre-existing GCBCs from the prior vaccination, associated with the expansion of T follicular helper cells. Furthermore, we show that ipsilateral immunization with an unrelated antigen after a prior mRNA vaccination enhances the germinal center and antibody responses to the new antigen compared to contralateral immunization. These findings propose feasible approaches to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander R Maldeney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology (CCEH), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott E Renshaw
- Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology (CCEH), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai J, SoRelle ED, Heckenberg E, Song L, Cable JM, Crawford GE, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus induces germinal center light zone chromatin architecture and promotes survival through enhancer looping at the BCL2A1 locus. mBio 2024; 15:e0244423. [PMID: 38059622 PMCID: PMC10790771 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02444-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus has evolved with its human host leading to an intimate relationship where infection of antibody-producing B cells mimics the process by which these cells normally recognize foreign antigens and become activated. Virtually everyone in the world is infected by adulthood and controls this virus pushing it into life-long latency. However, immune-suppressed individuals are at high risk for EBV+ cancers. Here, we isolated B cells from tonsils and compare the underlying molecular genetic differences between these cells and those infected with EBV. We find similar regulatory mechanism for expression of an important cellular protein that enables B cells to survive in lymphoid tissue. These findings link an underlying relationship at the molecular level between EBV-infected B cells in vitro with normally activated B cells in vivo. Our studies also characterize the role of a key viral control mechanism for B cell survival involved in long-term infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Dai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elliott D. SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emma Heckenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jana M. Cable
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou JZ, Huang B, Pei B, Sun GW, Pawlitz MD, Zhang W, Li X, Hokynar KC, Yao F, Perera MLW, Wei S, Zheng S, Polin LA, Poulik JM, Ranki A, Krohn K, Cunningham-Rundles C, Yang N, Bhagwat AS, Yu K, Peterson P, Kisand K, Vuong BQ, Cerutti A, Chen K. A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.10.574926. [PMID: 38260362 PMCID: PMC10802573 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In response to antigens, B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in germinal centers (GCs) of secondary lymphoid organs, but uncontrolled AID activity can precipitate autoimmunity and cancer. The regulation of GC antibody diversification is of fundamental importance but not well understood. We found that autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the molecule essential for T cell tolerance, is expressed in GC B cells in a CD40-dependent manner, interacts with AID and negatively regulates antibody affinity maturation and class switching by inhibiting AID function. AIRE deficiency in B cells caused altered antibody repertoire, increased somatic hypermutations, elevated autoantibodies to T helper 17 effector cytokines and defective control of skin Candida albicans. These results define a GC B cell checkpoint of humoral immunity and illuminate new approaches of generating high-affinity neutralizing antibodies for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Z Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bihui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Guang Wen Sun
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738984, Singapore
| | - Michael D Pawlitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Kati C Hokynar
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Fayi Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Shanqiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Janet M Poulik
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Kai Krohn
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | - Naibo Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
- Complete Genomics Inc., Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Ashok S Bhagwat
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kefei Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Manzi M, Feswick A, Renshaw L, Oliver PM, Tibbetts SA, Moser EK. B cell expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase Cul4b promotes chronic gammaherpesvirus infection in vivo. J Virol 2023; 97:e0100823. [PMID: 37962378 PMCID: PMC10734415 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01008-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are etiologic agents of numerous B cell lymphomas. A hallmark of gammaherpesvirus infection is their ability to establish lifelong latency in B cells. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate chronic infection in B cells in vivo remain elusive. Cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate numerous biological processes by catalyzing ubiquitylation and modifying protein location, function, or half-life. Many viruses hijack host ubiquitin ligases to evade antiviral host defense and promote viral fitness. Here, we used the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 in vivo system to demonstrate that the E3 ligase Cul4b is essential for this virus to establish latency in germinal center B cells. These findings highlight an essential role for this E3 ligase in promoting chronic gammaherpesvirus infection in vivo and suggest that targeted inhibition of E3 ligases may provide a novel and effective intervention strategy against gammaherpesvirus-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mikayla Manzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - April Feswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay Renshaw
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paula M. Oliver
- Cell Pathology Division, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott A. Tibbetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emily K. Moser
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Christensen D. Head-to-Head Comparison of Novel Vaccine Technologies Comes with a Minefield of Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 38276490 PMCID: PMC10819579 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern vaccine development is having a golden period, with a variety of novel subunit technologies being introduced into clinical development in recent years. This opens the opportunity to find the best platform to use for novel vaccine antigen candidates through head-to-head comparative studies. Seldom appreciated is, however, the fact that these different technologies often do not have the same optimal antigen dose ratio, prime-boost regime and peak timepoint for measuring immunity. Instead, the preclinical studies that make the basis for platform selection use standard protocols not optimized for individual vaccines and fail to make selection on an informed basis. Here, I discuss the opportunities we have to optimize vaccine platform technologies through a better understanding of vaccine priming kinetics, the optimal antigen dose and sampling time and location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Systems Research & Development, Croda Pharma, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kasashima S, Kawashima A, Kurose N, Ozaki S, Kasashima F, Matsumoto Y, Takemura H, Ikeda H, Harada K. Disordered Balance of T-Cell Subsets in Arterial Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Vascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030356. [PMID: 38063185 PMCID: PMC10863754 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial/aortic tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs), characterized by germinal centers, control local arterial immune responses. T follicular helper cells (Tfh), resident in germinal centers, regulate immunoglobulin production and germinal center development. They consist of Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 subsets. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells possess suppressive functions as regulatory T cells and migrate into germinal centers. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related diseases manifest in vascular lesions as frequently formed inflammatory aneurysms (IgG4-related abdominal aortic aneurysm [IgG4-AAAs]). IgG4-AAAs contain several ATLOs. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed whole-slide immunohistochemical image analysis in surgical specimens of IgG4-AAAs (n=21), non-IgG4-related inflammatory AAAs (n=17), atherosclerotic AAAs (n=10), and Takayasu arteritis (n=5). IgG4-AAA was characterized by numerous, large, irregular-shaped ATLOs, and higher numbers of Tfr and Tfh2 cells than Tfh1 cells were present compared with others. The morphologic abnormalities (in number, area, and form) of ATLOs in IgG4-AAAs and the increased number of Tfr cells are closely related to the activity of IgG4-related diseases. All T-cell subsets were more enriched within ATLOs than outside ATLOs. In particular, an increase in Tfr cells in IgG4-AAAs was associated with ATLO formation. Increased Tfh17 cells were found in Takayasu arteritis, and atherosclerotic AAA and non-IgG4-related inflammatory AAAs were characterized by increased Tfh1 cells. CONCLUSIONS In the classification of vascular lesions, considering the imbalance in T-cell subsets, IgG4-AAA should be positioned as adventitial vasculitis with predominant Tfr and Tfh2 cells, accompanied by the abnormal appearance of ATLOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kasashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of PathologyNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
| | - Atsuhiro Kawashima
- Department of PathologyNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of PathologyNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
| | - Satoru Ozaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Fuminori Kasashima
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
| | - Yasushi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryNational Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical CenterKanazawaJapan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryKanazawa University HospitalKanazawaJapan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of PathologyKanazawa University HospitalKanazawaJapan
| | - Ken‐ichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Budeus B, Kibler A, Küppers R. Human IgM-expressing memory B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308378. [PMID: 38143767 PMCID: PMC10748387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of T cell dependent (TD) humoral immune responses is the generation of long-lived memory B cells. The generation of these cells occurs primarily in the germinal center (GC) reaction, where antigen-activated B cells undergo affinity maturation as a major consequence of the combined processes of proliferation, somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin V (IgV) region genes, and selection for improved affinity of their B-cell antigen receptors. As many B cells also undergo class-switching to IgG or IgA in these TD responses, there was traditionally a focus on class-switched memory B cells in both murine and human studies on memory B cells. However, it has become clear that there is also a large subset of IgM-expressing memory B cells, which have important phenotypic and functional similarities but also differences to class-switched memory B cells. There is an ongoing discussion about the origin of distinct subsets of human IgM+ B cells with somatically mutated IgV genes. We argue here that the vast majority of human IgM-expressing B cells with somatically mutated IgV genes in adults is indeed derived from GC reactions, even though a generation of some mostly lowly mutated IgM+ B cells from other differentiation pathways, mainly in early life, may exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg–Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sprumont A, Rodrigues A, McGowan SJ, Bannard C, Bannard O. Germinal centers output clonally diverse plasma cell populations expressing high- and low-affinity antibodies. Cell 2023; 186:5486-5499.e13. [PMID: 37951212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC differentiation is thought to involve stringent selection for GC B cells expressing the highest-affinity antigen receptors, but how this plays out during complex polyclonal responses is unclear. We combine temporal lineage tracing with antibody characterization to gain a snapshot of PCs developing during influenza infection. GCs co-mature B cell clones with antibody affinities spanning multiple orders of magnitude; however, each generates PCs with similar efficiencies, including weak binders. Within lineages, PC selection is not restricted to variants with the highest-affinity antibodies. Differentiation is commonly associated with proliferative expansion to produce "nodes" of identical PCs. Immunization-induced GCs generate fewer PCs but still of low- and high-antibody affinities. We propose that generating low-affinity antibody PCs reflects an evolutionary compromise to facilitate diverse serum antibody responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Sprumont
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J McGowan
- Computational Biology Research Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Colin Bannard
- Department of Linguistics and English Language, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu-Monette ZY, Li Y, Snyder T, Yu T, Lu T, Tzankov A, Visco C, Bhagat G, Qian W, Dybkaer K, Chiu A, Tam W, Zu Y, Hsi ED, Hagemeister FB, Wang Y, Go H, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Møller MB, Parsons BM, Fan X, van Krieken JH, Piris MA, Winter JN, Au Q, Kirsch I, Zhang M, Shaughnessy J, Xu B, Young KH. Tumor-Infiltrating Normal B Cells Revealed by Immunoglobulin Repertoire Clonotype Analysis Are Highly Prognostic and Crucial for Antitumor Immune Responses in DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4808-4821. [PMID: 37728879 PMCID: PMC10842978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) have demonstrated prognostic and predictive significance in solid cancers. In this study, we aimed to distinguish TIL-Bs from malignant B-cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and determine the clinical and biological significance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 269 patients with de novo DLBCL from the International DLBCL R-CHOP Consortium Program were studied. Ultra-deep sequencing of the immunoglobulin genes was performed to determine B-cell clonotypes. The frequencies and numbers of TIL-B clonotypes in individual repertoires were correlated with patient survival, gene expression profiling (GEP) data, and frequencies of DLBCL-infiltrating immune cells quantified by fluorescent multiplex IHC at single-cell resolution. RESULTS TIL-B abundance, evaluated by frequencies of normal B-cell clonotypes in the immunoglobulin repertoires, remarkably showed positive associations with significantly better survival of patients in our sequenced cohorts. DLBCLs with high versus low TIL-B abundance displayed distinct GEP signatures, increased pre-memory B-cell state and naïve CD4 T-cell state fractions, and higher CD4+ T-cell infiltration. TIL-B frequency, as a new biomarker in DLBCL, outperformed the germinal center (GC) B-cell-like/activated B-cell-like classification and TIL-T frequency. The identified TIL-B-high GEP signature, including genes upregulated during T-dependent B-cell activation and those highly expressed in normal GC B cells and T cells, showed significant favorable prognostic effects in several external validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS TIL-B frequency is a significant prognostic factor in DLBCL and plays a crucial role in antitumor immune responses. This study provides novel insights into the prognostic determinants in DLBCL and TIL-B functions with important therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Y. Xu-Monette
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tiantian Yu
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Wayne Tam
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric D. Hsi
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fredrick B. Hagemeister
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangshan Fan
- Pathology Center, Anhui Medical University and the first Affiliated Hospital, Hefei, China
| | | | - Miguel A. Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jane N. Winter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingyan Au
- NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | | | - Mingzhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - John Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ken H. Young
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hawas S, Vagenas D, Haque A, Totsika M. Bladder-draining lymph nodes support germinal center B cell responses during urinary tract infection in mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0031723. [PMID: 37882531 PMCID: PMC10652902 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00317-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are both common and exhibit high recurrence rates in women. UTI healthcare costs are increasing due to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, necessitating alternative approaches for infection control. Here, we directly observed host adaptive immune responses in acute UTI. We employed a mouse model in which wild-type C57BL/6J mice were transurethrally inoculated with a clinically relevant MDR UTI strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Firstly, we noted that rag1-/- C57BL/6J mice harbored larger bacterial burdens than wild-type counterparts, consistent with a role for adaptive immunity in UTI control. Consistent with this, UTI triggered in the bladders of wild-type mice early increases of myeloid cells, including CD11chi conventional dendritic cells, suggesting possible involvement of these professional antigen-presenting cells. Importantly, germinal center B cell responses developed by 4 weeks post-infection in bladder-draining lymph nodes of wild-type mice and, although modest in magnitude and transient in nature, could not be boosted with a second UTI. Thus, our data reveal for the first time in a mouse model that UPEC UTI induces local B cell immune responses in bladder-draining lymph nodes, which could potentially serve to control infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hawas
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- Research Methods Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brauge B, Dessauge E, Creusat F, Tarte K. Modeling the crosstalk between malignant B cells and their microenvironment in B-cell lymphomas: challenges and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288110. [PMID: 38022603 PMCID: PMC10652758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms resulting from the clonal expansion of mature B cells arrested at various stages of differentiation. Specifically, two lymphoma subtypes arise from germinal centers (GCs), namely follicular lymphoma (FL) and GC B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL). In addition to recent advances in describing the genetic landscape of FL and GCB-DLBCL, tumor microenvironment (TME) has progressively emerged as a central determinant of early lymphomagenesis, subclonal evolution, and late progression/transformation. The lymphoma-supportive niche integrates a dynamic and coordinated network of immune and stromal cells defining microarchitecture and mechanical constraints and regulating tumor cell migration, survival, proliferation, and immune escape. Several questions are still unsolved regarding the interplay between lymphoma B cells and their TME, including the mechanisms supporting these bidirectional interactions, the impact of the kinetic and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor niche on B-cell heterogeneity, and how individual genetic alterations can trigger both B-cell intrinsic and B-cell extrinsic signals driving the reprogramming of non-malignant cells. Finally, it is not clear whether these interactions might promote resistance to treatment or, conversely, offer valuable therapeutic opportunities. A major challenge in addressing these questions is the lack of relevant models integrating tumor cells with specific genetic hits, non-malignant cells with adequate functional properties and organization, extracellular matrix, and biomechanical forces. We propose here an overview of the 3D in vitro models, xenograft approaches, and genetically-engineered mouse models recently developed to study GC B-cell lymphomas with a specific focus on the pros and cons of each strategy in understanding B-cell lymphomagenesis and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Brauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Dessauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
- SITI Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, Etablissement Français du sang, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu YJ, Lu XJ, Hauton C, Yang GJ, Chen J. Editorial: Emerging talents in comparative immunology: 2022. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1318852. [PMID: 37965318 PMCID: PMC10641830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1318852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chris Hauton
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Raso F, Liu S, Simpson MJ, Barton GM, Mayer CT, Acharya M, Muppidi JR, Marshak-Rothstein A, Reboldi A. Antigen receptor signaling and cell death resistance controls intestinal humoral response zonation. Immunity 2023; 56:2373-2387.e8. [PMID: 37714151 PMCID: PMC10591993 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) maintains commensal communities in the intestine while preventing dysbiosis. IgA generated against intestinal microbes assures the simultaneous binding to multiple, diverse commensal-derived antigens. However, the exact mechanisms by which B cells mount broadly reactive IgA to the gut microbiome remains elusive. Here, we have shown that IgA B cell receptor (BCR) is required for B cell fitness during the germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PPs) and for generation of gut-homing plasma cells (PCs). We demonstrate that IgA BCR drove heightened intracellular signaling in mouse and human B cells, and as a consequence, IgA+ B cells received stronger positive selection cues. Mechanistically, IgA BCR signaling offset Fas-mediated death, possibly rescuing low-affinity B cells to promote a broad humoral response to commensals. Our findings reveal an additional mechanism linking BCR signaling, B cell fate, and antibody production location, which have implications for how intestinal antigen recognition shapes humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Raso
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shuozhi Liu
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mikala J Simpson
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jagan R Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Acharya S, Lee A, Kim H, Kim HJ, Choi Y. Requirements for anti-aquaporin 5 autoantibody production in a mouse model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:442-453. [PMID: 37718989 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Several oral bacteria, including Prevotella melaninogenica (Pm), have aquaporin (AQP) proteins homologous to human AQP5, a major water channel protein targeted in Sjogren's syndrome. This study aimed to understand the antigenic characteristics that induce autoantibodies against an AQP5 "E" epitope (AQP5E) in a mouse model using C57BL/6 mice. Immunization with a PmE-L peptide derived from Pm AQP, which contains amino acid mismatches both at the B- and T-cell epitopes, efficiently induced anti-AQP5E autoantibodies accompanied by increased germinal center (GC) B and follicular helper T cells in the draining lymph nodes. However, PmE, a peptide lacking a T-cell epitope, and AQP5E-L, an AQP5-derived self-peptide, hardly induced either anti-AQP5E autoantibodies or GC responses. Surprisingly, OTII-AQP5E, a peptide that replaced the self T-cell epitope of AQP5E-L with an ovalbumin-derived foreign T-cell epitope, was not any better than AQP5E-L in the induction of anti-AQP5E autoantibodies and GC response, despite the substantial expansion of CD4+ T cells and production of anti-OTII-AQP5E antibodies. The complex of biotinylated PmE-L peptide and highly immunogenic streptavidin (SA) induced a strong extrafollicular B-cell response skewed toward the expansion of SA-specific B cells. However, the expansion of AQP5E-specific GC B cells was limited, resulting in the inefficient induction of anti-AQP5E autoantibodies. Collectively, our results have demonstrated that anti-AQP5E autoantibody production is only allowed when foreign B- and T-cell epitopes drive a strong GC response of AQP5E-specific B cells for affinity maturation. This study helps explain why cross-reactive anti-AQP5 autoantibodies are not produced during the immune response to Pm in most healthy people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Acharya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Lee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sugitani A, Fukuhara S, Shibata M, Ichihara R, Furukawa H, Maeshima AM. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with composite germinal center and non-germinal center types: A report of two cases. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:181-186. [PMID: 37518270 PMCID: PMC10628827 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with composite germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB types. Case 1 was a 72-year-old woman with inguinal lymph node swelling. Two morphologically different lesions were concurrently observed in needle biopsy specimens. One lesion was DLBCL with centroblastic morphology and a GCB phenotype (CD10+, BCL6+, and MUM1-), according to the Hans algorithm. The other lesion was DLBCL with anaplastic morphology and a non-GCB phenotype (CD10-, BCL6+, and MUM1+). Considering cellular atypia, the GCB-type DLBCL likely progressed to non-GCB-type DLBCL. Case 2 was a 34-year-old man who underwent ileocecal resection, with four lesions observed in the ileum. All four lesions indicated centroblastic morphology. Three lesions showed a GCB phenotype (CD10+, BCL6+, and MUM1+), while the other showed a non-GCB phenotype (CD10-, BCL6+, and MUM1+). These tumors were clonally related. BCL2 expression and MYC rearrangement were not related to changes in the cell of origin (COO) in either case. In conclusion, changes in the COO in DLBCL may not be uncommon. Therefore, investigation of the COO in other sites or at relapse may be needed if new drugs with different indications for each COO are developed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sokal A, Barba-Spaeth G, Hunault L, Fernández I, Broketa M, Meola A, Fourati S, Azzaoui I, Vandenberghe A, Lagouge-Roussey P, Broutin M, Roeser A, Bouvier-Alias M, Crickx E, Languille L, Fournier M, Michel M, Godeau B, Gallien S, Melica G, Nguyen Y, Canoui-Poitrine F, Pirenne F, Megret J, Pawlotsky JM, Fillatreau S, Reynaud CA, Weill JC, Rey FA, Bruhns P, Mahévas M, Chappert P. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives late remodeling of the memory B cell repertoire in vaccinated individuals. Immunity 2023; 56:2137-2151.e7. [PMID: 37543032 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
How infection by a viral variant showing antigenic drift impacts a preformed mature human memory B cell (MBC) repertoire remains an open question. Here, we studied the MBC response up to 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection in individuals previously vaccinated with three doses of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Longitudinal analysis, using single-cell multi-omics and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies from RBD-specific MBCs, revealed that a BA.1 breakthrough infection mostly recruited pre-existing cross-reactive MBCs with limited de novo response against BA.1-restricted epitopes. Reorganization of clonal hierarchy and new rounds of germinal center reactions, however, combined to maintain diversity and induce progressive maturation of the MBC repertoire against common Hu-1 and BA.1, but not BA.5-restricted, SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD epitopes. Such remodeling was further associated with a marked improvement in overall neutralizing breadth and potency. These findings have fundamental implications for the design of future vaccination booster strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Sokal
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris Cité, Clichy, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Lise Hunault
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, ED394, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Broketa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, ED394, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Slim Fourati
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 18. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Imane Azzaoui
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Alexis Vandenberghe
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Pauline Lagouge-Roussey
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Manon Broutin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Anais Roeser
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Magali Bouvier-Alias
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 18. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Crickx
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Laetitia Languille
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Morgane Fournier
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Marc Michel
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Giovanna Melica
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Florence Canoui-Poitrine
- Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC), CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), EA 7376- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - France Pirenne
- INSERM U955, équipe 18. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Ile de France, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Megret
- Plateforme de Cytométrie en Flux, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24-CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 18. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Mahévas
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Action thématique incitative sur programme-Avenir Team, Auto-Immune and Immune B cells, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe 2. Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Playoust E, Remark R, Vivier E, Milpied P. Germinal center-dependent and -independent immune responses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human cancers. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1040-1050. [PMID: 37419983 PMCID: PMC10468534 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play essential roles in immunity, mainly through the production of high affinity plasma cells (PCs) and memory B (Bmem) cells. The affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells rely on the integration of B-cell receptor (BCR) intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by antigen binding and the microenvironment, respectively. In recent years, tumor infiltrating B (TIL-B) cells and PCs (TIL-PCs) have been revealed as important players in antitumor responses in human cancers, but their interplay and dynamics remain largely unknown. In lymphoid organs, B-cell responses involve both germinal center (GC)-dependent and GC-independent pathways for Bmem cell and PC production. Affinity maturation of BCR repertoires occurs in GC reactions with specific spatiotemporal dynamics of signal integration by B cells. In general, the reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells by antigens triggers GC-independent production of large numbers of PC without BCR rediversification. Understanding B-cell dynamics in immune responses requires the integration of multiple tools and readouts such as single-cell phenotyping and RNA-seq, in situ analyses, BCR repertoire analysis, BCR specificity and affinity assays, and functional tests. Here, we review how those tools have recently been applied to study TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in different types of solid tumors. We assessed the published evidence for different models of TIL-B-cell dynamics involving GC-dependent or GC-independent local responses and the resulting production of antigen-specific PCs. Altogether, we highlight the need for more integrative B-cell immunology studies to rationally investigate TIL-B cells as a leverage for antitumor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Playoust
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wright NE, Mandal M, Clark MR. Molecular mechanisms insulating proliferation from genotoxic stress in B lymphocytes. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:668-677. [PMID: 37573227 PMCID: PMC10530527 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, B cells strictly segregate proliferation from somatic mutation as they develop within the bone marrow and then mature through germinal centers (GCs) in the periphery. Failure to do so risks autoimmunity and neoplastic transformation. Recent work has described how B cell progenitors transition between proliferation and mutation via cytokine signaling pathways, epigenetic chromatin regulation, and remodeling of 3D chromatin conformation. We propose a three-zone model of the GC that describes how proliferation and mutation are regulated. Using this model, we consider how recent mechanistic discoveries in B cell progenitors inform models of GC B cell function and reveal fundamental mechanisms underpinning humoral immunity, autoimmunity, and lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel E Wright
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bello A, Hirth G, Voigt S, Tepper S, Jungnickel B. Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2070-2087. [PMID: 37909747 PMCID: PMC10761156 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2275397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary immunoglobulin diversification by somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells is instrumental for an adequate adaptive humoral immune response. These genetic events may, however, also introduce aberrations into other cellular genes and thereby cause B cell malignancies. While the basic mechanism of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination is now well understood, their regulation and in particular the mechanism of their specific targeting to immunoglobulin genes is still rather mysterious. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification and discuss known mechanisms of physiological targeting to immunoglobulin genes and mistargeting to other cellular genes. We summarize open questions in the field and provide an outlook on future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bello
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianna Hirth
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Voigt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Tepper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Berit Jungnickel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Besavilla DF, Reusch L, Enriquez J, Schön K, Angeletti D. Pre-existing CD4 T cell help boosts antibody responses but has limited impact on germinal center, antigen-specific B cell frequencies after influenza infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243164. [PMID: 37711622 PMCID: PMC10499173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is a persistent burden on global health, with seasonal vaccines providing incomplete protection. CD4+ T cells help shape B cell and antibody responses; however, the selectivity of help and the effect on various antigen-specific B cell populations have not been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the specificity, selectivity, and influence of nucleoprotein (NP) CD4+ T cells on the magnitude and quality of hemagglutinin (HA) and NP-specific B cells and antibody responses. We identified immunodominant peptides and showed that peptide immunization was sufficient to induce CD4+ cells with Th1 and Tfh phenotypes. Surprisingly, while preexisting CD4+ T cells enhanced the influx of total germinal center (GC) B cells in the mediastinal lymph node after infection, this was not reflected by an increase in the frequency of antigen-specific cells within the GC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NP-specific help was able to accelerate the kinetics and magnitude of the Ab response for NP but not for HA. Overall, our results showed that pre-existing CD4+ T cells provide strong cognate help during immunization or infection to enhance Ab production but not antigen-specific GC or memory B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica F. Besavilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josue Enriquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
SoRelle ED, Reinoso-Vizcaino NM, Dai J, Barry AP, Chan C, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus evades restrictive host chromatin closure by subverting B cell activation and germinal center regulatory loci. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112958. [PMID: 37561629 PMCID: PMC10559315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility fundamentally governs gene expression and biological response programs that can be manipulated by pathogens. Here we capture dynamic chromatin landscapes of individual B cells during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV+ cells that exhibit arrest via antiviral sensing and proliferation-linked DNA damage experience global accessibility reduction. Proliferative EBV+ cells develop expression-linked architectures and motif accessibility profiles resembling in vivo germinal center (GC) phenotypes. Remarkably, EBV elicits dark zone (DZ), light zone (LZ), and post-GC B cell chromatin features despite BCL6 downregulation. Integration of single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data enables genome-wide cis-regulatory predictions implicating EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) in phenotype-specific control of GC B cell activation, survival, and immune evasion. Knockouts validate bioinformatically identified regulators (MEF2C and NFE2L2) of EBV-induced GC phenotypes and EBNA-associated loci that regulate gene expression (CD274/PD-L1). These data and methods can inform high-resolution investigations of EBV-host interactions, B cell fates, and virus-mediated lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Nicolás M Reinoso-Vizcaino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joanne Dai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashley P Barry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Micah A Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li F, Feng X, Huang J, Zhang M, Liu W, Wang X, Zhu R, Wang X, Wang P, Yu B, Li W, Qiao ZA, Yu X. Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica as a Nanoadjuvant for Subunit Vaccines Elicits Potent Antigen-Specific Germinal Center Responses by Activating Naive B Cells. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15424-15440. [PMID: 37552584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Infection diseases such as AIDS and COVID-19 remain challenging in regard to protective vaccine design, while adjuvants are critical for subunit vaccines to induce strong, broad, and durable immune responses against variable pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) acts as a multifunctional nanoadjuvant by adsorbing recombinant protein antigens. It can effectively deliver antigens to lymph nodes (LNs), prolong antigen exposure, and rapidly elicit germinal center (GC) responses by directly activating naive B cells via the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. In mice, both the gp120 trimer (HIV-1 antigen) and the receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 antigen) with the PMO nanoadjuvant elicit potent and durable antibodies that neutralize heterologous virus strains. LN immune cells analysis shows that PMO helps to effectively activate the T-follicular helper cells, GC B cells, and memory B cells and eventually develop broad and durable humoral responses. Moreover, the PMO nanoadjuvant elicits a strong cellular immune response and shapes this immune response by eliciting high levels of effector T helper cell cytokines. This study identifies a promising nanoadjuvant for subunit vaccines against multiple pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyao Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenmo Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xupu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen-An Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are distinct microanatomical structures that form in the secondary lymphoid organs of endothermic vertebrates (i.e., mammals and some birds). Within GCs, B cells undergo a Darwinian selection process to identify clones which can respond to pathogen insult as well as affinity mature the B cell repertoire. The GC response ultimately generates memory B cells and bone marrow plasma cells which facilitate humoral immunological memory, the basis for successful vaccination programs. GCs have not been observed in the secondary lymphoid organs of ectothermic jawed vertebrates (i.e., fishes, reptiles, and amphibians). However, abundant research over the past decades has indicated these organisms can produce antigen specific B cell responses and some degree of affinity maturation. This review examines data demonstrating that the fundamentals of B cell selection may be more conserved across vertebrate phylogeny than previously anticipated. Further, research in both conventional mammalian model systems and comparative models raises the question of what evolutionary benefit GCs provide endotherms if they are seemingly unnecessary for generating the basic functional components of jawed vertebrate humoral adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng X, Dozmorov MG, Strohlein CE, Bastacky S, Sawalha AH. Ezh2 Knockout in B Cells Impairs Plasmablast Differentiation and Ameliorates Lupus-like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1395-1406. [PMID: 36897808 PMCID: PMC10492897 DOI: 10.1002/art.42492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EZH2 regulates B cell development and differentiation. We previously demonstrated increased EZH2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lupus patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of EZH2 expression in B cells in the pathogenesis of lupus. METHODS We generated an MRL/lpr mouse with floxed Ezh2, which was crossed with CD19-Cre mice to examine the effect of B cell EZH2 deficiency in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Differentiation of B cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell B cell receptor sequencing were performed. In vitro B cell culture with an X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) inhibitor was performed. EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA levels in CD19+ B cells isolated from lupus patients and healthy controls were analyzed. RESULTS We show that Ezh2 deletion in B cells significantly decreased autoantibody production and improved glomerulonephritis. B cell development was altered in the bone marrow and spleen of EZH2-deficient mice. Differentiation of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts was impaired. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that XBP1, a key transcription factor in B cell development, is down-regulated in the absence of EZH2. Inhibiting XBP1 in vitro impairs plasmablast development similar to EZH2 deficiency in mice. Single-cell B cell receptor RNA sequencing revealed defective immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in EZH2-deficient mice. In human lupus B cells, we observed a strong correlation between EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA expression levels. CONCLUSION EZH2 overexpression in B cells contributes to disease pathogenesis in lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Colleen E Strohlein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheldon Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Lupus Center of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duan Z, Ma L, Jin J, Ma L, Ye L, Wu J, Luo Y. The G allele of SNP rs3922 reduces the binding affinity between IGF2BP3 and CXCR5 correlating with a lower antibody production. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250261. [PMID: 37141498 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccines that function through humoral immunity seek to produce high-affinity antibodies. Our previous research identified the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3922G in the 3'UTR of CXCR5 as being associated with nonresponsiveness to the hepatitis B vaccine. The differential expression of CXCR5 between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) is critical for organizing the functional structure of the germinal center (GC). In this study, we report that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 can bind to CXCR5 mRNA containing the rs3922 variant to promote its degradation via the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Deficiency of IGF2BP3 leads to increased CXCR5 expression, which results in the disappearance of CXCR5 differential expression between DZ and LZ, disorganized GCs, aberrant somatic hypermutations, and reduced production of high-affinity antibodies. Furthermore, the affinity of IGF2BP3 for the rs3922G-containing sequence is lower than that for the rs3922A counterpart, which may explain the nonresponsiveness to the hepatitis B vaccination. Together, our findings suggest that IGF2BP3 plays a crucial role in the production of high-affinity antibodies in the GC by binding to the rs3922-containing sequence to regulate CXCR5 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R.China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Matsumoto R, Gray J, Rybkina K, Oppenheimer H, Levy L, Friedman LM, Khamaisi M, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Guyer RS, Bradley MC, Chen D, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM, Brusko M, Connors TJ, Luning Prak ET, Hershberg U, Sims PA, Hertz T, Farber DL. Induction of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue is an early life adaptation for promoting human B cell immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1370-1381. [PMID: 37460638 PMCID: PMC10529876 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Infants and young children are more susceptible to common respiratory pathogens than adults but can fare better against novel pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mechanisms by which infants and young children mount effective immune responses to respiratory pathogens are unknown. Through investigation of lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes from infant and pediatric organ donors aged 0-13 years, we show that bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), containing B cell follicles, CD4+ T cells and functionally active germinal centers, develop during infancy. BALT structures are prevalent around lung airways during the first 3 years of life, and their numbers decline through childhood coincident with the accumulation of memory T cells. Single-cell profiling and repertoire analysis reveals that early life lung B cells undergo differentiation, somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class switching and exhibit a more activated profile than lymph node B cells. Moreover, B cells in the lung and lung-associated lymph nodes generate biased antibody responses to multiple respiratory pathogens compared to circulating antibodies, which are mostly specific for vaccine antigens in the early years of life. Together, our findings provide evidence for BALT as an early life adaptation for mobilizing localized immune protection to the diverse respiratory challenges during this formative life stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Oppenheimer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Guyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa C Bradley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maigan Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Uri Hershberg
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Curtiss ML, Rosenberg AF, Scharer CD, Mousseau B, Benavides NAB, Bradley JE, León B, Steele C, Randall TD, Lund FE. Chitinase-3-like 1 regulates T H2 cells, T FH cells and IgE responses to helminth infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158493. [PMID: 37575256 PMCID: PMC10415220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data from patient cohorts and mouse models of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma strongly support a role for chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) in allergic disease. Methods To address whether Chi3l1 also contributes to TH2 responses following nematode infection, we infected Chi3l1 -/- mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and analyzed T cell responses. Results As anticipated, we observed impaired TH2 responses in Hp-infected Chi3l1 -/- mice. However, we also found that T cell intrinsic expression of Chi3l1 was required for ICOS upregulation following activation of naïve CD4 T cells and was necessary for the development of the IL-4+ TFH subset, which supports germinal center B cell reactions and IgE responses. We also observed roles for Chi3l1 in TFH, germinal center B cell, and IgE responses to alum-adjuvanted vaccination. While Chi3l1 was critical for IgE humoral responses it was not required for vaccine or infection-induced IgG1 responses. Discussion These results suggest that Chi3l1 modulates IgE responses, which are known to be highly dependent on IL-4-producing TFH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalia A. Ballesteros Benavides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John E. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Matz H, Taylor RS, Redmond AK, Hill TM, Ruiz Daniels R, Beltran M, Henderson NC, Macqueen DJ, Dooley H. Organized B cell sites in cartilaginous fishes reveal the evolutionary foundation of germinal centers. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112664. [PMID: 37342909 PMCID: PMC10529500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of germinal centers (GCs) in cartilaginous fishes lies at odds with data showing that nurse sharks can produce robust antigen-specific responses and affinity mature their B cell repertoires. To investigate this apparent incongruity, we performed RNA sequencing on single nuclei, allowing us to characterize the cell types present in the nurse shark spleen, and RNAscope to provide in situ cellular resolution of key marker gene expression following immunization with R-phycoerythrin (PE). We tracked PE to the splenic follicles where it co-localizes with CXCR5high centrocyte-like B cells and a population of putative T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, surrounded by a peripheral ring of Ki67+ AID+ CXCR4+ centroblast-like B cells. Further, we reveal selection of mutations in B cell clones dissected from these follicles. We propose that the B cell sites identified here represent the evolutionary foundation of GCs, dating back to the jawed vertebrate ancestor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanover Matz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard S Taylor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas M Hill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abhiraman GC, Bruun TUJ, Caveney NA, Su LL, Saxton RA, Yin Q, Tang S, Davis MM, Jude KM, Garcia KC. A structural blueprint for interleukin-21 signal modulation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112657. [PMID: 37339051 PMCID: PMC10320830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays a critical role in generating immunological memory by promoting the germinal center reaction, yet clinical use of IL-21 remains challenging because of its pleiotropy and association with autoimmune disease. To better understand the structural basis of IL-21 signaling, we determine the structure of the IL-21-IL-21R-γc ternary signaling complex by X-ray crystallography and a structure of a dimer of trimeric complexes using cryo-electron microscopy. Guided by the structure, we design analogs of IL-21 by introducing substitutions to the IL-21-γc interface. These IL-21 analogs act as partial agonists that modulate downstream activation of pS6, pSTAT3, and pSTAT1. These analogs exhibit differential activity on T and B cell subsets and modulate antibody production in human tonsil organoids. These results clarify the structural basis of IL-21 signaling and offer a potential strategy for tunable manipulation of humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita C Abhiraman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodora U J Bruun
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leon L Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A Saxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaogeng Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang XM, Shen WW, Song LJ. Prognostic and predictive values of the grading system of lymph node status in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183784. [PMID: 37384287 PMCID: PMC10299729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors of gastric cancer. However, the effect of germinal centers in lymph nodes on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of germinal center generation to prognostic parameters and clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery from October 2012 to June 2022. We analyzed 5484 lymph nodes (210 patients) and calculated the lymph node metastasis rate (LNMR) and the proportion of non-metastatic lymph nodes containing three or more germinal centers (NML-GCP). Results Using a grading system that incorporated LNMR and NML-GCP. The tumors were classified into three groups based on this system, which was found to be significantly associated with prognosis. The TNM stage and grading system of lymph node status were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The 5-year OS rates for patients with advanced gastric cancer were 85.07% (n=50), 58.34% (n=42), and 24.44% (n=21) for Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.0001). The 5-year DFS rates were 65.32% (n=58), 40.85% (n=51), and 5.88% (n=34), respectively (p<0.0001). Patients with Grade 1 advanced gastric cancer had higher 5-year OS and DFS rates compared to those with Grade 2 or 3 in TNM stage II and III. Furthermore, the 5-year OS and DFS rates differed significantly among patients with different grades of advanced gastric cancer who received chemotherapy (p<0.0001). Conclusion These findings suggest that the grading system may be valuable for predicting prognosis and guiding clinical management in patients with gastric cancer, and provides good prognostic stratification for OS and DFS in patients with TNM stage II and III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Zhang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Jun Song
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pasqualucci L. The germinal center in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41 Suppl 1:62-69. [PMID: 37294970 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system has evolved to allow effective responses against a virtually unlimited number of invading pathogens. This process requires the transient formation of germinal centers (GC), a dynamic environment that ensures the generation and selection of B cells capable to produce antibodies with high antigen affinity, or to maintain the memory of that antigen for life. However, this comes at a cost, as the unique events accompanying the GC reaction pose a significant risk to the genome of B cells, which must endure elevated levels of replication stress, while proliferating at high rates and undergoing DNA breaks introduced by somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Indeed, the genetic/epigenetic disruption of programs implicated in normal GC biology has emerged as a hallmark of most B cell lymphomas. This improved understanding provides a conceptual framework for the identification of cellular pathways that could be exploited for precision medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Olayinka-Adefemi F, Hou S, Marshall AJ. Dual inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinases delta and gamma reduces chronic B cell activation and autoantibody production in a mouse model of lupus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115244. [PMID: 37234154 PMCID: PMC10206234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) plays key roles in normal B cell activation and is chronically activated in malignant B cells. Targeting of PI3Kδ using FDA-approved drugs Idelalisib or Umbralisib has shown efficacy in treatment of multiple B cell malignancies. Duvelisib, an inhibitor targeting both PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ (PI3Kδγi) has also been used for treatment of several leukemias and lymphomas and was suggested to offer potential additional benefits in supressing T cell and inflammatory responses. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that while most B cell subsets predominantly express PI3Kδ, plasma cells upregulate PI3Kγ. We thus assessed whether PI3Kδγi treatment can impact chronic B cell activation in the context of an autoantibody-mediated disease. Using the TAPP1R218LxTAPP2R211L (TAPP KI) mouse model of lupus-like disease driven by dysregulated PI3K pathway activity, we performed 4 week PI3Kδγi treatments and found significant reduction in CD86+ B cells, germinal center B cells, follicular helper T cells and plasma cells in multiple tissues. This treatment also significantly attenuated the abnormally elevated serum levels of IgG isotypes observed in this model. The profile of autoantibodies generated was markedly altered by PI3Kδγi treatment, with significant reductions in IgM and IgG targeting nuclear antigens, matrix proteins and other autoantigens. Kidney pathology was also impacted, with reduced IgG deposition and glomerulonephritis. These results indicate that dual inhibition of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ can target autoreactive B cells and may have therapeutic benefits in autoantibody-mediated disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tsai HH, Huang PH, Lin LC, Yao BY, Liao WT, Pai CH, Liu YH, Chen HW, Hu CMJ. Lymph Node Follicle-Targeting STING Agonist Nanoshells Enable Single-Shot M2e Vaccination for Broad and Durable Influenza Protection. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2206521. [PMID: 37092580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) of influenza viruses presents a compelling vaccine antigen candidate for stemming the pandemic threat of the mutation-prone pathogen, yet the low immunogenicity of the diminutive M2e peptide renders vaccine development challenging. A highly potent M2e nanoshell vaccine that confers broad and durable influenza protectivity under a single vaccination is shown. Prepared via asymmetric ionic stabilization for nanoscopic curvature formation, polymeric nanoshells co-encapsulating high densities of M2e peptides and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are prepared. Robust and long-lasting protectivity against heterotypic influenza viruses is achieved with a single administration of the M2e nanoshells in mice. Mechanistically, molecular adjuvancy by the STING agonist and nanoshell-mediated prolongation of M2e antigen exposure in the lymph node follicles synergistically contribute to the heightened anti-M2e humoral responses. STING agonist-triggered T cell helper functions and extended residence of M2e peptides in the follicular dendritic cell network provide a favorable microenvironment that induces Th1-biased antibody production against the diminutive antigen. These findings highlight a versatile nanoparticulate design that leverages innate immune pathways for enhancing the immunogenicity of weak immunogens. The single-shot nanovaccine further provides a translationally viable platform for pandemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Han Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Leon Cw Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsueh Pai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming J Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen Q, Liu H, Luling N, Reinke J, Dent AL. Evidence that High-Affinity IgE Can Develop in the Germinal Center in the Absence of an IgG1-Switched Intermediate. J Immunol 2023; 210:905-915. [PMID: 36779803 PMCID: PMC10038918 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity allergen-specific IgE is essential for the severe allergic anaphylaxis response. High-affinity Abs are formed by successive rounds of selection of Ag-specific B cells in the germinal center (GC); however, several studies have shown that IgE+ GC B cells are impaired in their ability to undergo selection in the GC. A pathway, known as the "indirect switching pathway" for IgE, has been described whereby Ag-specific B cells initially switch to the IgG1 isotype and undergo affinity selection in the GC, with a secondary switch to the IgE isotype after affinity selection. In previous work, using a food allergy model in mice, we investigated how high-affinity IgE develops in the GC, but we did not test the indirect switching model. In this study, we analyzed the importance of the indirect switching pathway by constructing IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice. In these mice, once B cells switch to IgG1, they delete Bcl6 and thus cannot enter or persist in the GC. When we tested IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice with our food allergy model, we found that, as expected, IgG1 Abs had decreased affinity, but unexpectedly, the affinity of IgE for allergen was unchanged. IgG1-cre Bcl6-fl/fl mice underwent anaphylaxis in response to allergen, consistent with the formation of high-affinity IgE. Thus, in a food allergy response, high-affinity IgE can be efficiently formed in the absence of indirect switching to IgG1, either by direct selection of IgE+ GC B cells or indirect selection of IgM+ GC B cells that later switch to IgE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Noelle Luling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Julia Reinke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Grootveld AK, Kyaw W, Panova V, Lau AWY, Ashwin E, Seuzaret G, Dhenni R, Bhattacharyya ND, Khoo WH, Biro M, Mitra T, Meyer-Hermann M, Bertolino P, Tanaka M, Hume DA, Croucher PI, Brink R, Nguyen A, Bannard O, Phan TG. Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center. Cell 2023; 186:1144-1161.e18. [PMID: 36868219 PMCID: PMC7614509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by intracellular self antigens. We show by multiple redundant and complementary methods that TBMs derive from a lymph node-resident, CD169-lineage, CSF1R-blockade-resistant precursor that is prepositioned in the follicle. Non-migratory TBMs use cytoplasmic processes to chase and capture migrating dead cell fragments using a "lazy" search strategy. Follicular macrophages activated by the presence of nearby apoptotic cells can mature into TBMs in the absence of GCs. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a TBM cell cluster in immunized lymph nodes which upregulated genes involved in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, apoptotic B cells in early GCs trigger activation and maturation of follicular macrophages into classical TBMs to clear apoptotic debris and prevent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Grootveld
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veera Panova
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica W Y Lau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Ashwin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Guillaume Seuzaret
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Département de Biologie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanmay Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vlasevska S, Garcia-Ibanez L, Duval R, Holmes A, Jahan R, Cai B, Kim A, Mo T, Basso K, Soni R, Bhagat G, Dalla-Favera R, Pasqualucci L. KMT2D acetylation by CREBBP reveals a cooperative functional interaction at enhancers in normal and malignant germinal center B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218330120. [PMID: 36893259 PMCID: PMC10089214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218330120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous inactivating mutations of the KMT2D methyltransferase and the CREBBP acetyltransferase are among the most common genetic alterations in B cell lymphoma and co-occur in 40 to 60% of follicular lymphoma (FL) and 30% of EZB/C3 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases, suggesting they may be coselected. Here, we show that combined germinal center (GC)-specific haploinsufficiency of Crebbp and Kmt2d synergizes in vivo to promote the expansion of abnormally polarized GCs, a common preneoplastic event. These enzymes form a biochemical complex on select enhancers/superenhancers that are critical for the delivery of immune signals in the GC light zone and are only corrupted upon dual Crebbp/Kmt2d loss, both in mouse GC B cells and in human DLBCL. Moreover, CREBBP directly acetylates KMT2D in GC-derived B cells, and, consistently, its inactivation by FL/DLBCL-associated mutations abrogates its ability to catalyze KMT2D acetylation. Genetic and pharmacologic loss of CREBBP and the consequent decrease in KMT2D acetylation lead to reduced levels of H3K4me1, supporting a role for this posttranslational modification in modulating KMT2D activity. Our data identify a direct biochemical and functional interaction between CREBBP and KMT2D in the GC, with implications for their role as tumor suppressors in FL/DLBCL and for the development of precision medicine approaches targeting enhancer defects induced by their combined loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vlasevska
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | | | - Romain Duval
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Antony B. Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Bowen Cai
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Andrew Kim
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Tongwei Mo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Katia Basso
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen ST, Oliveira TY, Gazumyan A, Cipolla M, Nussenzweig MC. B cell receptor signaling in germinal centers prolongs survival and primes B cells for selection. Immunity 2023; 56:547-561.e7. [PMID: 36882061 PMCID: PMC10424567 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are sites of B cell clonal expansion, diversification, and antibody affinity selection. This process is limited and directed by T follicular helper cells that provide helper signals to B cells that endocytose, process, and present cognate antigens in proportion to their B cell receptor (BCR) affinity. Under this model, the BCR functions as an endocytic receptor for antigen capture. How signaling through the BCR contributes to selection is not well understood. To investigate the role of BCR signaling in GC selection, we developed a tracker for antigen binding and presentation and a Bruton's tyrosine kinase drug-resistant-mutant mouse model. We showed that BCR signaling per se is necessary for the survival and priming of light zone B cells to receive T cell help. Our findings provide insight into how high-affinity antibodies are selected within GCs and are fundamental to our understanding of adaptive immunity and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer T Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa Cipolla
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Waldetario MCGM. IL-21 boosts germinal center response through independent actions on T and B cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36872451 DOI: 10.1111/all.15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C G Miranda Waldetario
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two prevalent nasal diseases where both type 2 inflammation and immunoglobulin E (IgE) may play important roles. Although they can exist independently or comorbidly, subtle but important differences exist in immunopathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To summarize current knowledge of pathophysiological roles of B lineage cells and IgE in AR and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS Searched PubMed database, reviewed AR and CRSwNP-related literature, and discussed disease diagnosis, comorbidity, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Similarities and differences in B-cell biology and IgE are compared in the 2 conditions. RESULTS Both AR and CRSwNP have evidence for pathological type 2 inflammation, B-cell activation and differentiation, and IgE production. However, distinctions exist in the clinical and serological profiles at diagnosis, as well as treatments utilized. B-cell activation in AR may more frequently be regulated in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles, whereas CRSwNP may occur via extrafollicular pathways although controversies remain in these initial activating events. Oligoclonal and antigen-specific IgE maybe predominate in AR, but polyclonal and antigen-nonspecific IgE may predominate in CRSwNP. Omalizumab has been shown efficacious in treating both AR and CRSwNP in multiple clinical trials but is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-IgE biologic to treat CRSwNP or allergic asthma. Staphylococcus aureus frequently colonizes the nasal airway and has the ability to activate type two responses including B-cell responses although the extent to which it modulates AR and CRSwNP disease severity is being investigated. CONCLUSION This review highlights current knowledge of the roles of B cells and IgE in the pathogenesis of AR and CRSwNP and a small comparison between the 2 diseases. More systemic studies should be done to elevate the understanding of these diseases and their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fontana MF, Ollmann Saphire E, Pepper M. Plasmodium infection disrupts the T follicular helper cell response to heterologous immunization. eLife 2023; 12:83330. [PMID: 36715223 PMCID: PMC9886276 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops only after many years and repeated exposures, raising the question of whether Plasmodium parasites, the etiological agents of malaria, suppress the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to activate optimal T cell responses. We demonstrated recently that B cells, rather than DCs, are the principal activators of CD4+ T cells in murine malaria. In the present study, we further investigated factors that might prevent DCs from priming Plasmodium-specific T helper cell responses. We found that DCs were significantly less efficient at taking up infected red blood cells (iRBCs) compared to soluble antigen, whereas B cells more readily bound iRBCs. To assess whether DCs retained the capacity to present soluble antigen during malaria, we measured responses to a heterologous protein immunization administered to naïve mice or mice infected with P. chabaudi. Antigen uptake, DC activation, and expansion of immunogen-specific T cells were intact in infected mice, indicating DCs remained functional. However, polarization of the immunogen-specific response was dramatically altered, with a near-complete loss of germinal center T follicular helper cells specific for the immunogen, accompanied by significant reductions in antigen-specific B cells and antibody. Our results indicate that DCs remain competent to activate T cells during Plasmodium infection, but that T cell polarization and humoral responses are severely disrupted. This study provides mechanistic insight into the development of both Plasmodium-specific and heterologous adaptive responses in hosts with malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Fontana
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaUnited States
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|