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Santoro JD, Jafarpour S, Khoshnood MM, Boyd NK, Vogel BN, Nguyen L, Saucier LE, Partridge R, Tiongson E, Ramos-Platt L, Nagesh D, Ho E, Rosser T, Ahsan N, Mitchell WG, Rafii MS. Safety and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in Down syndrome regression disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63524. [PMID: 38169137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Three large multi-center studies have identified the clinical utility of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD). Yet the tolerability of infusions in individuals with DS and the safety of IVIg remains unknown in this population. This study sought to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IVIg in individuals with DSRD compared to a real-world cohort of individuals with pediatric onset neuroimmunologic disorders. A single-center, retrospective chart review evaluating clinically documented infusion reactions was performed for individuals meeting international consensus criteria for DSRD and having IVIg infusions between 2019 and 2023. Infusion reactions were evaluated for severity and need for alterations in infusion plan. This cohort was compared against an age and sex matched cohort of children with neuroimmunologic conditions who had also received IVIg infusions. In total, 127 individuals with DSRD and 186 individuals with other neuroimmunologic disorders were enrolled. There was no difference in the overall rate of adverse reactions (AEs) between the DSRD and general neuroimmunology cohorts (p = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.80-2.00), but cardiac-related AEs specifically were more common among the DSRD group (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.23-17.54). When AEs did occur, there was no difference in frequency of pharmacologic intervention (p = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.34-1.13) or discontinuation of therapy (p = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.06-7.44). There was a higher incidence of lab abnormalities on IVIG among the general neuroimmunology cohort (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) compared to the DSRD cohort. Transaminitis was the most common laboratory abnormality in the DSRD group. In a large cohort of individuals with DSRD, there were no significant differences in the safety and tolerability of IVIg compared to a cohort of children and young adults with neuroimmunologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saba Jafarpour
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles General Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin N Vogel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura E Saucier
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Emmanuelle Tiongson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leigh Ramos-Platt
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deepti Nagesh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugenia Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tena Rosser
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nusrat Ahsan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy G Mitchell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Hypersensitive Reactions During Hemodialysis Treatment: What Do We Need to Know? Semin Dial 2024; 37:189-199. [PMID: 38433728 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Kidney replacement therapies (KRTs) including hemodialysis (HD) are one of the treatment options for most of the patients with end-stage kidney disease. Although HD is vital for these patients, it is not hundred percent physiological, and various adverse events including hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Fortunately, these reactions are rare in total and less when compared to previous decades, but it is still very important for at least two reasons: First, the number of patients receiving kidney replacement treatment is increasing globally; and the cumulative number of these reactions may be substantial. Second, although most of these reactions are mild, some of them may be very severe and even lead to mortality. Thus, it is very important to have basic knowledge and skills to diagnose and treat these reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur at any component of dialysis machinery (access, extracorporeal circuit, medications, etc.). The most important preventive measure is to avoid the allergen. However, even with very specific test, sometimes the allergen cannot be found. In mild conditions, HD can be contained with non-specific treatment (topical creams, antihistaminics, corticosteroids). In more severe conditions, treatment must be stopped immediately, blood should not be returned to patient, drugs must be stopped, and rules of general emergency treatment must be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Li Y, Li H, Huang W, Yu Q, Wang K, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Qin Y, Kuang X, Tang J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the landscape of biomarker in allergic rhinitis patient undergoing intracervical lymphatic immunotherapy and related pan-cancer analysis. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2817-2829. [PMID: 38291708 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the leading allergic diseases worldwide. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces persistent specific allergen tolerance to achieve remission of the symptoms in AR patients. We creatively conducted the intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT) for AR patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of immune cell response of AIT in AR remains elusive. METHOD To investigate the transcriptome profile in AR patients who underwent ICLIT, we comprehensively investigated the transcriptional changes in B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AR patient by single-cell RNA sequencing. Immunoglobulins and relative key gene, which influences the B cell differentiation, was demonstrated. The biomarkers' association with different types of tumors was investigated. RESULTS Naive B cells, germinal center B cells, activated memory B cells, and memory B cells constituted the B cells subsets. The expression of IGHE, IGHGs, IGHA, IGHD, and IGHM from memory B cells was validated. Pseudotime analysis further indicated the dynamic change from the expression of the immunoglobulins in the memory B cells, suggesting that ITGB1 may contribute to the differentiation procedure of memory B cells. The cell-cell communication among these immune cells demonstrated the significantly enhanced CD23, BTLA signaling after ICLIT in AR patient. ITGB1 was upregulated in 13 tumors and downregulated in six others. High ITGB1 expression was linked to poor prognosis in eight types of tumors. ITGB1 expression showed correlations with tumor mutation burden, tissue purity, and microsatellite instability in different types of tumors. DISCUSSION ITGB1 was demonstrated as a potential biomarker for AR patients after ICLIT and is significant in identifying immune infiltration in tumor tissue and predicting tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qixing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiong Kuang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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Qiu Y, Yi X, Tang X, Wei Y, Zhang B, Duan S, Wang S, Sun X. Differential Analysis of Immunoglobulin Gene Expression Pattern in Chickens of Distinct Breeds and Developmental Periods. J Anim Sci 2024:skae111. [PMID: 38651250 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin is an essential component of the body's defense against pathogens, aiding in the recognition and clearance of foreign antigens. Research concerning immunoglobulin gene and its diversity of expression across different breeds within the same species is relatively scarce. In this study, we employed RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) technology, prepared DNA libraries, performed high-throughput sequencing, and conducted related bioinformatics analysis to analyze the differences in immunoglobulin gene diversity and expression at different periods in Hy-line brown hens, Lueyang black-bone chickens, and Beijing-You chickens. The study found that the composition of chicken immunoglobulin genes is relatively simple, with both the light chain and heavy chain having a functional V gene. Additionally, the mechanisms of immunoglobulin diversity generation tended to be consistent among different breeds and periods of chickens, primarily relying on abundant junctional diversity, somatic hypermutation (SHM), and gene conversion (GCV) to compensate for the limitations of low-level V(D)J recombination. As the age increased, the junctional diversity of IgH and IgL tended to diversify and showed similar expression patterns among different breeds. In the three chicken breeds, the predominant types of mutations observed in IGHV and IGLV SHM were A to G and G to A transitions. Specifically, IGLV exhibited a preference for A to G mutations, whereas IGHV displayed a bias towards G to A mutations. The regions at the junctions between framework regions (FR) and complementarity-determining regions (CDR) and within the CDR regions themselves are typically prone to mutations. The locations of GCV events in IGLV and IGHV do not show significant differences, and replacement segments are concentrated in the central regions of FR1, CDR, and FR2. Importantly, gene conversion events are not random occurrences. Additionally, our investigation revealed that CDRH3 in chickens of diverse breeds and periods the potential for diversification through the incorporation of cysteine.This study demonstrates that the diversity of immunoglobulin expression tends to converge among Hy-line brown hens, Lueyang black-bone chickens, and Beijing-You chickens, indicating that the immunoglobulin gene expression mechanisms in different breeds of chickens do not exhibit significant differences due to selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shunan Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
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Steinmetz TD, Thomas J, Reimann L, Himmelreich AK, Schulz SR, Golombek F, Castiglione K, Jäck HM, Brodesser S, Warscheid B, Mielenz D. Identification of TFG- and Autophagy-Regulated Proteins and Glycerophospholipids in B Cells. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38649144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy supervises the proteostasis and survival of B lymphocytic cells. Trk-fused gene (TFG) promotes autophagosome-lysosome flux in murine CH12 B cells, as well as their survival. Hence, quantitative proteomics of CH12tfgKO and WT B cells in combination with lysosomal inhibition should identify proteins that are prone to lysosomal degradation and contribute to autophagy and B cell survival. Lysosome inhibition via NH4Cl unexpectedly reduced a number of proteins but increased a large cluster of translational, ribosomal, and mitochondrial proteins, independent of TFG. Hence, we propose a role for lysosomes in ribophagy in B cells. TFG-regulated proteins include CD74, BCL10, or the immunoglobulin JCHAIN. Gene ontology (GO) analysis reveals that proteins regulated by TFG alone, or in concert with lysosomes, localize to mitochondria and membrane-bound organelles. Likewise, TFG regulates the abundance of metabolic enzymes, such as ALDOC and the fatty acid-activating enzyme ACOT9. To test consequently for a function of TFG in lipid metabolism, we performed shotgun lipidomics of glycerophospholipids. Total phosphatidylglycerol is more abundant in CH12tfgKO B cells. Several glycerophospholipid species with similar acyl side chains, such as 36:2 phosphatidylethanolamine and 36:2 phosphatidylinositol, show a dysequilibrium. We suggest a role for TFG in lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, translation, and metabolism in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Reimann
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Himmelreich
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Golombek
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Beckmann K, Reitinger C, Yan X, Carle A, Blümle E, Jurkschat N, Paulmann C, Prassl S, Kazandjian LV, Loré K, Nimmerjahn F, Fischer S. Fcγ-Receptor-Independent Controlled Activation of CD40 Canonical Signaling by Novel Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:31. [PMID: 38651411 PMCID: PMC11036229 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of CD40-mediated signaling in antigen-presenting cells is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote immune responses against tumors. Most agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies currently in development require the Fcγ-receptor (FcγR)-mediated crosslinking of CD40 molecules for a meaningful activation of CD40 signaling but have limitations due to dose-limiting toxicities. Here we describe the identification of CD40 antibodies which strongly stimulate antigen-presenting cells in an entirely FcγR-independent manner. These Fc-silenced anti-CD40 antibodies induce an efficient upregulation of costimulatory receptors and cytokine release by dendritic cells. Finally, the most active identified anti-CD40 antibody shows activity in humanized mice. More importantly, there are no signs of obvious toxicities. These studies thus demonstrate the potent activation of antigen-presenting cells with anti-CD40 antibodies lacking FcγR-binding activity and open the possibility for an efficacious and safe combination therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Reitinger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianglei Yan
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, BioClinicum J7:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Molecular Medicine, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carle
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Eva Blümle
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Prassl
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | | | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, BioClinicum J7:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Molecular Medicine, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Centre Immunomedicine, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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van Enkhuizen J, Binns J, Betts A, Hosnijeh FS, Alexander M, McCormack M, Jacob S. A retrospective observational study on characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use of patients with myasthenia gravis in England. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2024; 17:17562864241237495. [PMID: 38634003 PMCID: PMC11022674 DOI: 10.1177/17562864241237495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data on the real-world healthcare resource use (HCRU) and management costs of myasthenia gravis (MG) in England. Objective This study aims to assess the burden of disease for patients with MG in England. Design A retrospective, observational cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with MG, using data from the Hospital Episode Statistics data warehouse. Methods Patients with a first-ever recorded diagnosis of MG between 30 June 2015 and 30 June 2020 were followed up until 30 June 2021 or death, whichever occurred first. Post-diagnosis patient characteristics, treatment patterns, HCRU, and costs were described. Costs were evaluated using National Health Service reference costs. Results A total of 9087 patients with a median follow-up time of 2.9 years (range, 1.7-4.3 years) were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 66.5 years and 53% of the patients were male. A large proportion of patients (72.8%) were admitted as inpatients during follow-up with a mean number of 1.3 admissions. Patients hospitalized for MG-related complications spent a mean of 9.7 days per patient-year in the hospital. During follow-up, 599 (6.6% of the total cohort) and 163 (1.8%) patients had a record of rescue therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX), respectively. Rituximab was administered to 81 (0.9%) patients and 268 (2.9%) patients underwent thymectomy. In those patients receiving rescue therapy or rituximab, >10% received at least three cycles of the same treatment. The average annual cost of hospital admissions across all patients treated with IVIg, PLEX, and rituximab were £907,072, £689,979, and £146,726, respectively. Conclusion A majority of MG patients required hospitalization or accident and emergency attendance, resulting in high HCRU and costs. A subset of patients required rescue therapy (including IVIg and PLEX), rituximab administration, ventilation, or thymectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saiju Jacob
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Streng BMM, Van Coillie J, Wildenbeest JG, Binnendijk RS, Smits G, den Hartog G, Wang W, Nouta J, Linty F, Visser R, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Bont LJ. IgG1 glycosylation highlights premature aging in Down syndrome. Aging Cell 2024:e14167. [PMID: 38616780 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by lowered immune competence and premature aging. We previously showed decreased antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults with DS. IgG1 Fc glycosylation patterns are known to affect the effector function of IgG and are associated with aging. Here, we compare total and anti-spike (S) IgG1 glycosylation patterns following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in DS and healthy controls (HC). Total and anti-Spike IgG1 Fc N-glycan glycoprofiles were measured in non-exposed adults with DS and controls before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of Fc glycopeptides. We recruited N = 44 patients and N = 40 controls. We confirmed IgG glycosylation patterns associated with aging in HC and showed premature aging in DS. In DS, we found decreased galactosylation (50.2% vs. 59.0%) and sialylation (6.7% vs. 8.5%) as well as increased fucosylation (97.0% vs. 94.6%) of total IgG. Both cohorts showed similar bisecting GlcNAc of total and anti-S IgG1 with age. In contrast, anti-S IgG1 of DS and HC showed highly comparable glycosylation profiles 28 days post vaccination. The IgG1 glycoprofile in DS exhibits strong premature aging. The combination of an early decrease in IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation and increase in fucosylation is predicted to reduce complement activity and decrease FcγRIII binding and subsequent activation, respectively. The altered glycosylation patterns, combined with decreased antibody concentrations, help us understand the susceptibility to severe infections in DS. The effect of premature aging highlights the need for individuals with DS to receive tailored vaccines and/or vaccination schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M M Streng
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob S Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Raimondo RFS, Miyashiro SI, Birgel Junior EH. Whey protein dynamics in goat mammary secretions during colostrum and early lactation periods. J DAIRY RES 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38584304 DOI: 10.1017/s002202992400013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The protein composition in goat milk undergoes changes throughout the different lactation periods, displaying distinct characteristics that are influenced by the dynamic nature of protein composition and concentration during the transition from colostrum secretion to mature milk. To evaluate the dynamics of whey proteins of Saanen goats during the colostral phase and the first month of lactation, 110 milk samples from 11 healthy mammary halves of seven Saanen goats were selected through a clinical evaluation. Whey was obtained by rennet coagulation of the mammary secretion. The biuret method determined total protein concentration, and their fractions were identified by 12% dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Maximum concentrations of all protein fractions were observed in the first 12 h of lactation, reducing throughout the study. Modification of the protein predominance was also observed. The transition from colostrum secretion to milk occurred 5 or 7 d postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel F S Raimondo
- RuminAção - Teaching, Research and Extension in Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samantha I Miyashiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Birgel Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Éliás S, Wrzodek C, Deane CM, Tissot AC, Klostermann S, Ros F. Prediction of polyspecificity from antibody sequence data by machine learning. Front Bioinform 2024; 3:1286883. [PMID: 38651055 PMCID: PMC11033685 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1286883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are generated with great diversity in nature resulting in a set of molecules, each optimized to bind a specific target. Taking advantage of their diversity and specificity, antibodies make up for a large part of recently developed biologic drugs. For therapeutic use antibodies need to fulfill several criteria to be safe and efficient. Polyspecific antibodies can bind structurally unrelated molecules in addition to their main target, which can lead to side effects and decreased efficacy in a therapeutic setting, for example via reduction of effective drug levels. Therefore, we created a neural-network-based model to predict polyspecificity of antibodies using the heavy chain variable region sequence as input. We devised a strategy for enriching antibodies from an immunization campaign either for antigen-specific or polyspecific binding properties, followed by generation of a large sequencing data set for training and cross-validation of the model. We identified important physico-chemical features influencing polyspecificity by investigating the behaviour of this model. This work is a machine-learning-based approach to polyspecificity prediction and, besides increasing our understanding of polyspecificity, it might contribute to therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Éliás
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Wrzodek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M. Deane
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain C. Tissot
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klostermann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Ros
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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11
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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12
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Song J, Wang H, Wang ZZ, Guo CL, Xiang WX, Li JX, Wang ZC, Zhong JX, Huang K, Schleimer RP, Yao Y, Liu Z. Aberrant follicular regulatory T cells associate with immunoglobulin hyperproduction in nasal polyps with ectopic lymphoid tissues. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1025-1039. [PMID: 38072196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic lymphoid tissues (eLTs) and associated follicular helper T (TFH) cells contribute to local immunoglobulin hyperproduction in nasal polyps (NPs). Follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells in secondary lymphoid organs counteract TFH cells and suppress immunoglobulin production; however, the presence and function of TFR cells in eLTs in peripheral diseased tissues remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the presence, phenotype, and function of TFR cells in NPs. METHODS The presence, abundance, and phenotype of TFR cells in NPs were examined using single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Sorted polyp and circulating T-cell subsets were cocultured with autologous circulating naïve B cells, and cytokine and immunoglobulin production were measured by ELISA. RESULTS TFR cells were primarily localized within eLTs in NPs. TFR cell frequency and TFR cell/TFH cell ratio were decreased in NPs with eLTs compared with NPs without eLTs and control inferior turbinate tissues. TFR cells displayed an overlapping phenotype with TFH cells and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in NPs. Polyp TFR cells had reduced CTLA-4 expression and decreased capacity to inhibit TFH cell-induced immunoglobulin production compared with their counterpart in blood and tonsils. Blocking CTLA-4 abolished the suppressive effect of TFR cells. Lower vitamin D receptor expression was observed on polyp TFR cells compared with TFR cells in blood and tonsils. Vitamin D treatment upregulated CTLA-4 expression on polyp TFR cells and restored their suppressive function in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Polyp TFR cells in eLTs have decreased CLTA-4 and vitamin D receptor expression and impaired capacity to suppress TFH cell-induced immunoglobulin production, which can be reversed by vitamin D treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Zheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-Lian Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Xian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Roel‐Touris J, Carcelén L, Marcos E. The structural landscape of the immunoglobulin fold by large-scale de novo design. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4936. [PMID: 38501461 PMCID: PMC10949314 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
De novo designing immunoglobulin-like frameworks that allow for functional loop diversification shows great potential for crafting antibody-like scaffolds with fully customizable structures and functions. In this work, we combined de novo parametric design with deep-learning methods for protein structure prediction and design to explore the structural landscape of 7-stranded immunoglobulin domains. After screening folding of nearly 4 million designs, we have assembled a structurally diverse library of ~50,000 immunoglobulin domains with high-confidence AlphaFold2 predictions and structures diverging from naturally occurring ones. The designed dataset enabled us to identify structural requirements for the correct folding of immunoglobulin domains, shed light on β-sheet-β-sheet rotational preferences and how these are linked to functional properties. Our approach eliminates the need for preset loop conformations and opens the route to large-scale de novo design of immunoglobulin-like frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Roel‐Touris
- Protein Design and Modeling Lab, Department of Structural and Molecular BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lourdes Carcelén
- Protein Design and Modeling Lab, Department of Structural and Molecular BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Enrique Marcos
- Protein Design and Modeling Lab, Department of Structural and Molecular BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSICBarcelonaSpain
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14
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Matsegora NA, Kaprosh AV, Vasylyeva TI, Antonenko PB, Antonenko K. The Effect of Immunoglobulin G on the Humoral Immunity in Patients with Tuberculosis/HIV Coinfection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:246-252. [PMID: 38164121 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, an increase in clinical effectiveness of the antituberculosis treatment (ATT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in case of additional immunoglobulin G (IgG) administration in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/HIV coinfection was reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of IgG administration in addition to the standard second-line ATT and ART on the humoral immunity status in patients with MDR-TB/HIV coinfection immune deficiency. The study involved 52 patients living with HIV with MDR-TB coinfection and CD4+ lymphocyte cell count below 50 cells/μCL. Patients in the control group and intervention group received the second-line ATT and ART; in addition, patients in the intervention group received IgG intravenously. The humoral immunity status was evaluated by measurement of IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM in plasma. The standard ATT and ART resulted in a two-step change in humoral immunity: IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE levels gradually increased to a maximal level at the 5-month mark and started to gradually decrease after the 8-month mark. Addition of IgG to the standard therapy resulted in a steeper decrease in the immunoglobulin level in serum, especially IgG, compared with standard therapy alone, allowing for an earlier initiation of ART in patients in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Matsegora
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Antonina V Kaprosh
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana I Vasylyeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Petro B Antonenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Antonenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine
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15
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Ronald K, Jacinta A, Umaru S. Plasma cell myeloma in a 9-year-old male: Case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8801. [PMID: 38645602 PMCID: PMC11031740 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Plasma cell myeloma is a rare entity in the pediatric population. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. It is worth noting that any destructive bony lesion in a child should be investigated. Abstract Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma) is the most common form of plasma cell neoplasm. It is a rare entity in young patients. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. A male patient aged 9 years old with a progressive pain in lower back for about 1 month, aggravated by bending, associated with inability to stand upright, no any history of trauma. He complained about left pin-point chest pain, no any history of febrile illness. MRI showed a mass lesion of the L3 vertebra; CT scan revealed osteolytic lesions in the left T12, S2-sacral region, and left calvarium. Histology report of L3 lesion revealed cells with an eccentric nucleus, prominent Golgi apparatus and Flow cytometry revealed cells stained positive for CD 138 and CD56 and negative for CD45 expression. In situ hybridization identified k-light chain band restriction. Bone marrow evaluation was normal. A small serum monoclonal immunoglobin A spike of k-light chain type was noted. Other tests like complete blood count, lactate dehydrogenase levels, renal functional tests, and B2-microglobulin were normal. A diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma was made and the patient was started on emergent radiation to L3 lesion due to progressive neurological symptoms followed systemic therapy which resulted int reduction of L3 lesion. Plasma cell myeloma is extremely rare form of liquid tumor in the pediatric population, and it is important for any destructive bony lesion in a child to have appropriate work up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kato Ronald
- Department of Emergency MedicineSavannah HospitalNairobiKenya
| | - Ambaru Jacinta
- Department of OncologyUganda Cancer InstituteKampalaUganda
| | - Ssebagala Umaru
- Department of Internal MedicineKing David HospitalNairobiKenya
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16
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Sarker K, Vanstone JR, Adigun O, Boutilier B, Comeau J, Degelman ML, Gottselig P, Berry WE, Milne A, Van Vliet P, Harding SR. Development, implementation and impact of an immunoglobulin stewardship programme in Saskatchewan, Canada. Vox Sang 2024; 119:335-343. [PMID: 38229560 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is one of the most costly and limited-supply blood products. Judicious use of this therapy is important to ensure a continued supply is available for patients in need. The Saskatchewan IG Stewardship Program was initiated to monitor and reduce inappropriate IG use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Program was developed and implemented through the collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary, inter-organizational team. Funding was provided from provincial organizations to create new positions within the Program and to support stakeholder engagement throughout the process of implementation. Data were collected from local and national databases regarding the amount of IVIG used and appropriateness of orders based on published criteria. RESULTS Over 20 months, the Program helped to reduce unnecessary IVIG use from pre-intervention levels by more than 20%. Interventions from nurse navigators alone reduced inappropriate IVIG use by 2.6%. During the 20-month period following Program initiation, more than 4 million CAD less was spent on IVIG compared with the previous 20 months. CONCLUSION The Saskatchewan IG Stewardship Program has led to more appropriate IVIG use across the province, more effective preservation of this limited healthcare resource, and cost savings that more than cover the cost of administering the Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsuk Sarker
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jason R Vanstone
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Oluwaferanmi Adigun
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brad Boutilier
- Strategy and Innovation, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Comeau
- Transfusion Safety/Patient Blood Management, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michelle L Degelman
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paul Gottselig
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Warren E Berry
- Stewardship and Clinical Appropriateness, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ardyth Milne
- Rheumatology Consultant, Internal Medicine, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paula Van Vliet
- Transfusion Safety/Patient Blood Management, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sheila Rutledge Harding
- Transfusion Medicine Consultant, Laboratory Medicine, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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17
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Haddad G, Blaine J. Identification of Four Mouse FcRn Splice Variants and FcRn-Specific Vesicles. Cells 2024; 13:594. [PMID: 38607033 PMCID: PMC11012118 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has increased dramatically ever since Simister and Mostov first purified a rat version of the receptor. Over the years, FcRn has been shown to function not only as a receptor that transfers immunity from mother to fetus but also performs an array of different functions that include transport and recycling of immunoglobulins and albumin in the adult. Due to its important cellular roles, several clinical trials have been designed to either inhibit/enhance FcRn function or develop of non-invasive therapeutic delivery system such as fusion of drugs to IgG Fc or albumin to enhance delivery inside the cells. Here, we report the accidental identification of several FcRn alternatively spliced variants in both mouse and human cells. The four new mouse splice variants are capable of binding immunoglobulins' Fc and Fab portions. In addition, we have identified FcRn-specific vesicles in which immunoglobulins and albumin can be stored and that are involved in the endosomal-lysosomal system. The complexity of FcRn functions offers significant potential to design and develop novel and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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18
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Laudanski K, Mahmoud MA, Ahmed AS, Susztak K, Mathew A, Chen J. Immunological Signatures in Blood and Urine in 80 Individuals Hospitalized during the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic with Quantified Nicotine Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3714. [PMID: 38612525 PMCID: PMC11011256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research analyzes immunological response patterns to SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood and urine in individuals with serum cotinine-confirmed exposure to nicotine. Samples of blood and urine were obtained from a total of 80 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h of admission (tadm), 48 h later (t48h), and 7 days later (t7d) if patients remained hospitalized or at discharge. Serum cotinine above 3.75 ng/mL was deemed as biologically significant exposure to nicotine. Viral load was measured with serum SARS-CoV-2 S-spike protein. Titer of IgG, IgA, and IgM against S- and N-protein assessed specific antiviral responses. Cellular destruction was measured by high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) serum levels and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp-60). Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), and ferritin gauged non-specific inflammation. The immunological profile was assessed with O-link. Serum titers of IgA were lower at tadm in smokers vs. nonsmokers (p = 0.0397). IgM at t48h was lower in cotinine-positive individuals (p = 0.0188). IgG did not differ between cotinine-positive and negative individuals. HMGB-1 at admission was elevated in cotinine positive individuals. Patients with positive cotinine did not exhibit increased markers of non-specific inflammation and tissue destruction. The blood immunological profile had distinctive differences at admission (MIC A/B↓), 48 h (CCL19↓, MCP-3↓, CD28↑, CD8↓, IFNγ↓, IL-12↓, GZNB↓, MIC A/B↓) or 7 days (CD28↓) in the cotinine-positive group. The urine immunological profile showed a profile with minimal overlap with blood as the following markers being affected at tadm (CCL20↑, CXCL5↑, CD8↑, IL-12↑, MIC A/B↑, GZNH↑, TNFRS14↑), t48h (CCL20↓, TRAIL↓) and t7d (EGF↑, ADA↑) in patients with a cotinine-positive test. Here, we showed a distinctive immunological profile in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Mohamed A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (M.A.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ahmed Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (M.A.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Kaitlin Susztak
- Department of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA;
| | - Amal Mathew
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - James Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
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Rathored J, Soni R, Shende S, Samal D. Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak in Young Adults of Bastar District in Chhattisgarh: A Short Observational Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55939. [PMID: 38601378 PMCID: PMC11004846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Instant infections in children due to acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) were reported in a tribal district of Bastar in Chattisgarh, India, between August 2018 and August 2019. Objective The study was conducted to explore the possibility of a viral cause indicating an outbreak. Methods Clinical surveys and serological investigation tests were conducted to identify the viral etiology. The Bastar area in Chhattisgarh reported factors such as paddy fields near homes, a high pig-to-cattle ratio, a significant presence of Culex vishnui mosquitoes, low socioeconomic status, and a lack of health awareness among the tribal people. Result This study, conducted at the Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College in Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh, India, analyzed 128 samples from fever cases out of 213 patients visiting the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) testing center. Among these samples, 71 cases exhibited AES, and subsequent JEV IgM ELISA testing identified 18 cases as JEV-positive, signifying recent JEV infections. Notably, the overwhelming majority (94.44%) of JEV-positive patients were under 16 years old, highlighting the heightened vulnerability of children to JEV illness in the Bastar region. Although male patients accounted for 61.11% of the JEV-positive cases compared to 38.88% of female patients, statistical analysis revealed that this gender disparity was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.18). Conclusion The study emphasizes the significance of identifying the etiology and delivering evidence-based care to patients with AES. Improved diagnosis and management of AES may result from a greater comprehension of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the application and administration of common laboratory and diagnostic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishriram Rathored
- Department of School of Allied Sciences, Central Research Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rani Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College, Jagdalpur, IND
| | - Sandesh Shende
- Department of School of Allied Sciences, Central Research Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Debashish Samal
- Department of Microbiology, Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College, Jagdalpur, IND
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Jeon MJ, Yu ES, Kim DS, Choi CW, Kim HN, Kwon JA, Yoon S, Yoon J. Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement in B-Cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement Analysis with Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25027. [PMID: 38506403 PMCID: PMC10997812 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of bone marrow involvement (BMI) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is crucial for determining patient prognosis and treatment strategy. We assessed the prognostic value of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based immunoglobulin (Ig) gene clonality analysis as an ancillary test for BMI evaluation in NHL. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 124 patients newly diagnosed with B-cell NHL between 2019 and 2022 was included. NGS-based Ig clonality analysis was conducted using LymphoTrak IGH FR1 Assay and IGK Assay (Invivoscribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA) on BM aspirate samples, and the results were compared with those of histopathological BMI (hBMI). RESULTS Among the 124 patients, hBMI was detected in 16.9% (n = 21). The overall agreement of BMI between Ig clonality analyses and histopathological analysis for IGH, IGK, and either IGH or IGK was 86.3%, 92.7%, and 90.3%. The highest positive percent agreement was observed with clonal rearrangements of either IGH or IGK gene (90.5%), while the highest negative percent agreement was observed with clonal rearrangement of IGK gene (96.1%). For the prediction of hBMI, positive prediction value ranged between 59.1% and 80.0% and the negative prediction value ranged between 91.3% and 97.9%. CONCLUSION NGS-based clonality analysis is an analytic platform with a substantial overall agreement with histopathological analysis. Assessment of both IGH and IGK genes for the clonal rearrangement analysis could be considered for the optimal diagnostic performance of BMI detection in B-cell NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Jeon
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineKorea University Guro HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yu
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineKorea University Guro HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dae Sik Kim
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineKorea University Guro HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chul Won Choi
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineKorea University Guro HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ha Nui Kim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, Korea University SeoulSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jung Ah Kwon
- Department of Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, Korea University SeoulSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Soo‐Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, Korea University SeoulSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jung Yoon
- Department of Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, Korea University SeoulSeoulSouth Korea
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21
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Okamoto M, Sasaki R, Ikeda K, Doi K, Tatsumi F, Oshima K, Kojima T, Mizushima S, Ikegami K, Yoshimura T, Furukawa K, Kobayashi M, Horio F, Murai A. FcRY is a key molecule controlling maternal blood IgY transfer to yolks during egg development in avian species. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305587. [PMID: 38487530 PMCID: PMC10938909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal immunoglobulin transfer plays a key role in conferring passive immunity to neonates. Maternal blood immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in avian species is transported to newly-hatched chicks in two steps: 1) IgY is transported from the maternal circulation to the yolk of maturing oocytes, 2) the IgY deposited in yolk is transported to the circulation of the embryo via the yolk sac membrane. An IgY-Fc receptor, FcRY, is involved in the second step, but the mechanism of the first step is still unclear. We determined whether FcRY was also the basis for maternal blood IgY transfer to the yolk in the first step during egg development. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FcRY was expressed in the capillary endothelial cells in the internal theca layer of the ovarian follicle. Substitution of the amino acid residue in Fc region of IgY substantially changed the transport efficiency of IgY into egg yolks when intravenously-injected into laying quail; the G365A mutant had a high transport efficiency, but the Y363A mutant lacked transport ability. Binding analyses of IgY mutants to FcRY indicated that the mutant with a high transport efficiency (G365A) had a strong binding activity to FcRY; the mutants with a low transport efficiency (G365D, N408A) had a weak binding activity to FcRY. One exception, the Y363A mutant had a remarkably strong binding affinity to FcRY, with a small dissociation rate. The injection of neutralizing FcRY antibodies in laying quail markedly reduced IgY uptake into egg yolks. The neutralization also showed that FcRY was engaged in prolongation of half-life of IgY in the blood; FcRY is therefore a multifunctional receptor that controls avian immunity. The pattern of the transport of the IgY mutants from the maternal blood to the egg yolk was found to be identical to that from the fertilized egg yolk to the newly-hatched chick blood circulation, via the yolk sac membrane. FcRY is therefore a critical IgY receptor that regulates the IgY uptake from the maternal blood circulation into the yolk of avian species, further indicating that the two steps of maternal-newly-hatched IgY transfer are controlled by a single receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Okamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koki Ikeda
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kasumi Doi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioregulation, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shusei Mizushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misato Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Murai
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Sil A, Basu S, Joshi V, Pilania RK, Siniah S, Suri D, Rawat A, Singh S. Immunoglobulin replacement therapies in inborn errors of immunity: a review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368755. [PMID: 38425666 PMCID: PMC10902166 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) were used as a therapeutic modality for the first time in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia in 1952 by Colonel Ogden Bruton, decades before the molecular mechanisms causing the disease were unraveled. In many autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses, human immunoglobulin has been employed as a significant immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drug. In patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), immunoglobulin remains a cornerstone of management. IEIs are notable causes of recurrent infections and autoimmunity due to inheritable single-gene defects in genes encoding for different components of the immune system. As there is decreased immunoglobulin production in IEIs with antibody defects, immunoglobulin replacement is the mainstay of therapy in these disorders. Although serum immunoglobulin levels may not be low in combined immune defects, immunoglobulin replacement is still necessary in these disorders due to a deficiency of functional antibodies and qualitative defects of immunoglobulins. Commercial immunoglobulin preparations are generated from plasma donated by thousands of donors. Immunoglobulin preparations are usually available in two forms: intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulins. In the developed world, both intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) are available, and SCIg is preferred over IVIg for replacement therapy in patients with IEIs. In developing countries, IVIg remains the mainstay of replacement therapy. The rate of adverse events has significantly reduced over the last few years due to advancements in the production process. In this review article, we discuss different aspects of the use of Ig (indications, dosing, mechanism of action, route, adverse effects) in patients with IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar Pilania
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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23
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Collins AM, Ohlin M, Corcoran M, Heather JM, Ralph D, Law M, Martínez-Barnetche J, Ye J, Richardson E, Gibson WS, Rodriguez OL, Peres A, Yaari G, Watson CT, Lees WD. AIRR-C IG Reference Sets: curated sets of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain germline genes. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1330153. [PMID: 38406579 PMCID: PMC10884231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1330153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Analysis of an individual's immunoglobulin (IG) gene repertoire requires the use of high-quality germline gene reference sets. When sets only contain alleles supported by strong evidence, AIRR sequencing (AIRR-seq) data analysis is more accurate and studies of the evolution of IG genes, their allelic variants and the expressed immune repertoire is therefore facilitated. Methods The Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire Community (AIRR-C) IG Reference Sets have been developed by including only human IG heavy and light chain alleles that have been confirmed by evidence from multiple high-quality sources. To further improve AIRR-seq analysis, some alleles have been extended to deal with short 3' or 5' truncations that can lead them to be overlooked by alignment utilities. To avoid other challenges for analysis programs, exact paralogs (e.g. IGHV1-69*01 and IGHV1-69D*01) are only represented once in each set, though alternative sequence names are noted in accompanying metadata. Results and discussion The Reference Sets include less than half the previously recognised IG alleles (e.g. just 198 IGHV sequences), and also include a number of novel alleles: 8 IGHV alleles, 2 IGKV alleles and 5 IGLV alleles. Despite their smaller sizes, erroneous calls were eliminated, and excellent coverage was achieved when a set of repertoires comprising over 4 million V(D)J rearrangements from 99 individuals were analyzed using the Sets. The version-tracked AIRR-C IG Reference Sets are freely available at the OGRDB website (https://ogrdb.airr-community.org/germline_sets/Human) and will be regularly updated to include newly observed and previously reported sequences that can be confirmed by new high-quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Collins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, and SciLifeLab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M. Heather
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Duncan Ralph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jesus Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jian Ye
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eve Richardson
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - William S. Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Oscar L. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ayelet Peres
- Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gur Yaari
- Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Corey T. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - William D. Lees
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
- Human-Centered Computing and Information Science, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Abad P, Coronado M, Vincelle-Nieto Á, Pérez-Benavente S, Fobil JN, Puyet A, Diez A, Reyes-Palomares A, Azcárate IG, Bautista JM. Shotgun Characterization of the Circulating IgM Antigenome of an Infectious Pathogen by Immunocapture-LC-MS/MS from Dried Serum Spots. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:633-643. [PMID: 38183416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in compiling the complete collection of protein antigens from pathogens for the selection of vaccine candidates or intervention targets is to acquire a broad enough representation of them to be recognized by the highly diversified immunoglobulin repertoire in human populations. Dried serum spot sampling (DSS) retains a large repertoire of circulating immunoglobulins from each individual that can be representative of a population, according to the sample size. In this work, shotgun proteomics of an infectious pathogen based on DSS sampling coupled with IgM immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and bioinformatic analyses was combined to characterize the circulating IgM antigenome. Serum samples from a malaria endemic region at different clinical statuses were studied to optimize IgM binding efficiency and antibody leaching by varying serum/immunomagnetic bead ratios and elution conditions. The method was validated using Plasmodium falciparum extracts identifying 110 of its IgM-reactive antigens while minimizing the presence of human proteins and antibodies. Furthermore, the IgM antigen recognition profile differentiated between malaria-infected and noninfected individuals at the time of sampling. We conclude that a shotgun proteomics approach offers advantages in providing a high-throughput, reliable, and clean way to identify IgM-recognized antigens from trace amounts of serum. The mass spectrometry raw data and metadata have been deposited with ProteomeXchange via MassIVE with the PXD identifier PXD043800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Abad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Coronado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - África Vincelle-Nieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pérez-Benavente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 13, G-4381 Legon, Ghana
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Diez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel G Azcárate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Pindi Sala T, Matondo Masisa D, Crave JC, Belmokhtar C, LeNy G, Situakibanza H, Duracinsky M, Cherin P, Chassany O. Contribution of Flexig mobile application to assess adherence of patients treated with immunoglobulins in chronic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100173. [PMID: 37915723 PMCID: PMC10616388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term therapeutic adherence remains an essential challenge for better management of chronic diseases. It is estimated at 50% in developed countries. Objective The study aimed to evaluate, under real conditions, the influence of satisfaction with Flexig use on adherence to subcutaneous immunoglobulin home-treatment therapy in a sample of French patients with chronic dysimmune diseases. Methods This is a 2-year prospective cohort involving 241 patients from several hospitals in France whose data were extracted from the Flexig 2.0 mHealth application. Satisfaction was assessed by System Usability Scale (SUS) and user experience by User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Adherence to Ig therapy was assessed by medication possession rate. We analyzed the relationship between Flexig user satisfaction and adherence to treatment, as well as determinants of adherence. Results Most patients (82.7%) were being treated for an immunodeficiency, versus 17.3% for a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Almost all patients (97.9%) received subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy. The patients' ages (means ± SDs) were 36.5 ± 18.3 years, disease duration was about 6 years, and 58.5% were men. Flexig user satisfaction was 76.2 ± 8 (System Usability Scale), associated with good user experience reported on UEQ. Adherence rate was 99.7%. Time on app, disease duration, and Flexig user satisfaction were statistically predictive of adherence to IgG therapy. High adherence to Ig therapy was associated with good satisfaction with using Flexig (P < .0001). Conclusion Adherence to Ig therapy in chronic dysimmune disease was strong and was associated with good satisfaction among Flexig users, suggesting that electronic support may be a valuable compliance aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Pindi Sala
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Hippolyte Situakibanza
- Département de Médecine Interne, Département de Médecine Tropical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (PROQOL), Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Cherin
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (PROQOL), Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
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26
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Mortier A, Khoudary J, van Dooslaer de Ten Ryen S, Lannoy C, Benoit N, Antoine N, Copine S, Van Remoortel H, Vandekerckhove P, Compernolle V, Deldicque L. Effects of plasmapheresis frequency on health status and exercise performance in men: A randomized controlled trial. Vox Sang 2024; 119:134-143. [PMID: 37997609 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Most research studies on the effects of repeated plasma donation are observational with different study limitations, resulting in high uncertainty on the link between repeated plasma donation and health consequences. Here, we prospectively investigated the safety of intensive or less intensive plasma donation protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three male subjects participated in this randomized controlled trial and were divided into low-frequency (LF, once/month, n = 16), high-frequency (HF, three times/month, n = 16), very high-frequency (VHF, two times/week, n = 16) and a placebo (P, once/month, n = 15) groups. Biochemical, haematological, clinical, physiological and exercise-related data were collected before (D0), after 1½ months (D42) and after 3 months (D84) of donation. RESULTS In VHF, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels decreased while reticulocyte levels increased from D0 to D84. In both HF and VHF, plasma ferritin levels were lower at D42 and D84 compared to D0. In VHF, plasma levels of albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) dropped from D0 to D42 and remained lower at D84 than at D0. In HF, plasma IgG, IgA and IgM were lower at D42, and IgG and IgM were lower at D84, compared to D0. Few adverse events were reported in HF and VHF. Repeated plasma donation had no effect on blood pressure, body composition or exercise performance. CONCLUSION VHF plasmapheresis may result in a large reduction in ferritin and IgG levels. HF and VHF plasmapheresis may result in little to no difference in other biochemical, haematological, clinical, physiological and exercise-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jina Khoudary
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Camille Lannoy
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nancy Antoine
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Copine
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Remoortel
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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27
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Harmsen MM, Ackerschott B, de Smit H. Serum immunoglobulin or albumin binding single-domain antibodies that enable tailored half-life extension of biologics in multiple animal species. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346328. [PMID: 38352869 PMCID: PMC10862077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) can be isolated from heavy-chain-only antibodies that occur in camelids or the heavy chain of conventional antibodies, that also occur in camelids. Therapeutic application of sdAbs is often complicated by their low serum half-life. Fusion to sdAb that bind to long-lived serum proteins albumin or IgG can prolong serum half-life of fusion partners. Such studies mostly focused on human application. For half-life prolongation in multiple animal species novel species cross-reacting sdAb are needed. We here describe the isolation from immunized llamas of sdAbs G6 and G13 that bound IgG of 9-10 species analysed, including horse, dog, cat, and swine, as well as sdAb A12 that bound horse, dog, swine and cat albumin. A12 bound albumin with 13 to 271 nM affinity dependent on the species. G13 affinity was difficult to determine by biolayer interferometry due to low and heterogeneous signals. G13 and G6 compete for the same binding domain on Fab fragments. Furthermore, they both lack the hallmark residues typical of camelid sdAbs derived from heavy-chain antibodies and had sequence characteristics typical of human sdAbs with high solubility and stability. This suggests they are derived from conventional llama antibodies. They most likely bind IgG through pairing with VL domains at the VH-VL interface rather than a paratope involving complementarity determining regions. None of the isolated sdAb interfered with FcRn binding to albumin or IgG, and thus do not prevent endosomal albumin/IgG-sdAb complex recycling. Fusions of albumin-binding sdAb A12 to several tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binding sdAbs prolonged the terminal serum half-life in piglets to about 4 days, comparable to authentic swine albumin. However, G13 conferred a much lower half-life of 0.84 days. Similarly, in horse, G13 prolonged half-life to only 1.2 days whereas A12 fused to two TeNT binding domains (T6T16A12) had a half-life of 21 days. The high half-life of T6T16A12, which earlier proved to be a highly potent TeNT antitoxin, further supports its therapeutic value. Furthermore, we have identified several additional sdAbs that enable tailored half-life extension of biologicals in multiple animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M. Harmsen
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans de Smit
- Research and Development, Smivet B.V., Wijchen, Netherlands
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28
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Li J, Chen WN, Sun WJ, Cordero G, Hasan S, Bontempo V, Xiao JF, Li YP, Pi Y, Li XL, Jiang XR. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Stimbiotics to Sows on Lactation Performance, Immune Function, and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacities during Late Gestation and Lactation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 38393071 PMCID: PMC10892021 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimbiotic supplementation may provide an innovative feed additive solution to accelerate the proliferation of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the distal intestine and the utilization of dietary fiber. Optimal utilization of dietary fiber has multiple benefits for gut health and nutrient utilization. This study was conducted to evaluate the late gestation and lactation performance, the plasma, colostrum, and milk immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) concentrations, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma of sows fed with or without a stimbiotic during the late gestation and lactation phase. A total of 40 sows were allocated to two treatment groups: control (CT) with no supplementation or 100 mg/kg stimbiotic (VP), with 20 sows per treatment. Sows were fed the treatment diets from d 85 of gestation to d 28 of lactation. In the results, the average daily weight gain of piglets during lactation was greater from sows fed in the VP group compared to that in the CT group (p < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of IgM at farrowing and IgG at weaning of the sows fed the diet with the stimbiotic supplementation were much higher than those in the CT sows (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the dietary stimbiotic increased the concentrations of IgM in the colostrum and of IgA and IgM in the milk at d 14 of lactation (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) on d 0 and d 28 of lactation tended to be lower in sows fed the VP diets compared with those of the sows fed the CT diets. Thus, our study indicated that stimbiotic supplementation could improve the daily weight gain of piglets and the immune function of sows in lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Wen-Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | | | - Shah Hasan
- AB Vista, Marlborough SN8 4AN, UK; (G.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Valentino Bontempo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Jun-Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Yan-Pin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Xi-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Xian-Ren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (W.-N.C.); (W.-J.S.); (Y.-P.L.); (Y.P.); (X.-L.L.)
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Madsen AV, Pedersen LE, Kristensen P, Goletz S. Design and engineering of bispecific antibodies: insights and practical considerations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1352014. [PMID: 38333084 PMCID: PMC10850309 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1352014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have attracted significant attention due to their dual binding activity, which permits simultaneous targeting of antigens and synergistic binding effects beyond what can be obtained even with combinations of conventional monospecific antibodies. Despite the tremendous therapeutic potential, the design and construction of bsAbs are often hampered by practical issues arising from the increased structural complexity as compared to conventional monospecific antibodies. The issues are diverse in nature, spanning from decreased biophysical stability from fusion of exogenous antigen-binding domains to antibody chain mispairing leading to formation of antibody-related impurities that are very difficult to remove. The added complexity requires judicious design considerations as well as extensive molecular engineering to ensure formation of high quality bsAbs with the intended mode of action and favorable drug-like qualities. In this review, we highlight and summarize some of the key considerations in design of bsAbs as well as state-of-the-art engineering principles that can be applied in efficient construction of bsAbs with diverse molecular formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V. Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Kawasaki K, Ohta Y, Castro CD, Flajnik MF. The immunoglobulin J chain is an evolutionarily co-opted chemokine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318995121. [PMID: 38215184 PMCID: PMC10801876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318995121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The joining (J) chain regulates polymerization of multimeric Immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgA, forming a disulfide bond to the C termini of their Ig heavy chains, and it controls IgM/IgA transport across mucosal epithelia. Like Ig itself and human-like adaptive immunity, J chain emerged in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), but its origin has remained mysterious since its discovery over 50 y ago. Here, we show unexpectedly that J chain is a member of the CXCL chemokine family. The J chain gene (JCHAIN) is linked to clustered CXCL chemokine loci in all gnathostomes except actinopterygians that lost JCHAIN. JCHAIN and most CXCL genes have four exons with the same intron phases, including the same cleavage site for the signal peptide/mature protein. The second exon of both genes encodes a CXC motif at the same position, and the lengths of exons 1 to 3 are similar. No other gene in the human secretome shares all of these characteristics. In contrast, intrachain disulfide bonds of the two proteins are completely different, likely due to modifications in J chain to direct Ig polymerization and mucosal transport. Crystal structures of CXCL8 and J chain share a conserved beta-strand core but diverge otherwise due to different intrachain disulfide bonds and extension of the J chain C terminus. Identification of this ancestral affiliation between J chain and CXCL chemokines addresses an age-old problem in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Yuko Ohta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Caitlin D. Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Martin F. Flajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD21201
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Yang G, Liu H, Xu S, Tian Z. Mitigating Effect of Matricin against Benzo(a)pyrene-induced Lung Carcinogenesis in Experimental Mice Model. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:CCHTS-EPUB-137116. [PMID: 38204250 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073273177231130094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a life-threatening disease that is still prevalent worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the effects of matricin, a sesquiterpene, on the carcinogenic agent benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. METHODS Lung cancer was induced by oral administration of B(a)P at 50 mg/kg b. wt. in model Swiss-albino mice (group II) as well in experimental group III, and treated with matricin (100 mg/kg b. wt.) in group III. Upon completion of treatment for 18 weeks, the changes in body weight, tumor formation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, QR, CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM), apoptosis markers (Bax, Bcl-xL), tumor markers (carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE)), and histopathological (H&E) alterations were determined. RESULTS The results indicate that B(a)P caused a significant increase of tumor formation in the lungs, increased tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines in serum, and depletion of enzymatic/ non-enzymatic antioxidants and immunoglobulins, compared to the untreated control group. Matricin treatment significantly reversed the changes caused by B(a)P as evidenced by the biochemical and histopathological assays. CONCLUSION The changes caused by matricin clearly indicate the cancer-preventive effects of matricin against B(a)P-induced lung cancer in animal models, which can be attributed to the antioxidant activity, immunomodulation, and mitigation of the NF-kβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Siwei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
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Andeen NK, DiFranza L, Kung VL, Henriksen K, Gupta R, Dinesh K, Akilesh S, Kudose S, Smith KD, Troxell ML. AA amyloidosis With Ig-Dominant Staining and Diagnostically Unusual Features. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:162-170. [PMID: 38312779 PMCID: PMC10831352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although serum amyloid A (AA) amyloid may occasionally show nonspecific staining by immunofluorescence (IF), the correct diagnosis can usually be determined by integrating pathologic features and clinical scenario, and using AA amyloid immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or mass spectrometry. A recent mass spectrometry-based study described false-positive Ig IF staining in a subset of AA amyloid cases. Methods We sought to delineate clinicopathologic features of AA amyloid with Ig-dominant staining by using a retrospective review. Results AA amyloid with Ig-dominant staining was identified in 10 patients from 5 institutions, representing 1.2% to 4% of AA amyloid kidney biopsies. Evidence of a monoclonal protein was documented in 0% to 2.7% of patients with AA amyloid screened for inclusion, but 30% of those with Ig-dominant staining. The patient population had equal sex distribution and presented at median age of 68.5 years with nephrotic proteinuria and kidney impairment. Etiologies of AA amyloid included injection drug use (30%), autoimmune disease (20%), and chronic infection (10%); 40% had no identified clinical association. On biopsy, heavy chain (co)dominant staining by IF (in 80%), discordant distribution in Ig staining (in 20%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (in 30%), and/or crescents (in 10%) were present. Two of 3 patients with paraproteinemia had concordant heavy and/or light chain dominant staining within the AA amyloid. Two cases were initially misdiagnosed as Ig-associated amyloidosis. Conclusion We describe the morphologic spectrum of AA amyloidosis with Ig-dominant staining which may have clinical, laboratory, and pathologic overlap with amyloid light chain (AL), amyloid heavy chain, and heavy and light chain (AHL) amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K. Andeen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lanny DiFranza
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vanderlene L. Kung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kammi Henriksen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Renu Gupta
- Renal Care Consultants, Medford, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Satoru Kudose
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelly D. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan L. Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Nilsson C, Vereda A, Borres MP, Andersson M, Södergren E, Rudengren M, Smith A, Simon RJ, Ryan R, Fernández‐Rivas M, Adelman D, Vickery BP. Exploratory immunogenicity outcomes of peanut oral immunotherapy: Findings from the PALISADE trial. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12326. [PMID: 38282192 PMCID: PMC10793676 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to peanut and its components may influence the clinical reactivity to peanut. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is known for modifying both IgE and IgG4. Peanut oral immunotherapy may influence these serological parameters. METHODS Exploratory analyses of serological data from participants receiving peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH) and placebo in the double-blind, randomized, phase 3 PALISADE trial were conducted to evaluate potential relationships between peanut-specific and peanut component-specific (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 6, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) IgE and IgG4 levels and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 269 participants (PTAH, n = 202; placebo, n = 67) were analyzed. No relationship was observed between specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum tolerated peanut protein dose during screening or response status during exit double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). In PTAH-treated participants, no relationship was observed between IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum symptom severity during exit DBPCFC. Postscreening ratios (ie, postscreening/screening) in the PTAH group were significant at the end of updosing and exit visit for most components. Postscreening changes in specific IgE levels were more pronounced with PTAH versus placebo for most components. CONCLUSIONS Specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening are not correlated with screening or exit DBPCFC results, and are not predictive of clinical response to PTAH. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp contains the relevant and immunodominant allergens, inducing immunological changes with the treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02635776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nilsson
- Clinical Research and EducationKarolinska InstitutetSachs' Children and Youth HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Andrea Vereda
- Aimmune Therapeutics, a Nestlé Health Science CompanyLondonUK
| | - Magnus P. Borres
- Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Thermo Fisher ScientificUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | | | - Alex Smith
- Aimmune Therapeutics, a Nestlé Health Science CompanyBrisbaneCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Robert Ryan
- Aimmune Therapeutics, a Nestlé Health Science CompanyLondonUK
| | | | - Daniel Adelman
- Aimmune Therapeutics, a Nestlé Health Science CompanyBrisbaneCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California‐San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Lee CB, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Mun JY, Moturi JN, Tajudeen H, Park MJ, Yang JS, Lee SC, Kim JS. Improvement of weanling pigs immune status and metabolic condition using ultraweak light. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:72-80. [PMID: 37571835 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Weaning stress is the most common issue in swine farms, which increases mortality and morbidity. The use of artificial light is an option for modifying the immune system and metabolic pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultraweak light (Photonia) on growth performance, immune system and metabolism of weanling pigs, and the carry-over effect on the growth performance in postweanling growing stages. A total of 30 weaned pigs with an average initial body weight of 7.06 ± 0.11 kg (age: 21 days) were allotted two treatments (Control and Photonia) with 15 replicates. The pelleted form diets were prepared for pigs in three phases including phase 1 (Days 0-14), phase 2 (Days 15-28) and phase 3 (Days 29-48). The gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) of pigs was significantly greater in the Photonia treatment. On Day 28, a higher concentration of immunoglobin A (IgA) (p < 0.01) and IgG (p < 0.01) was observed in the Photonia pigs. On Day 48, the Photonia treatment showed a greater serum IgA (p < 0.01) and IgG (p < 0.05). The concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 was decreased (p < 0.05) in the Photonia treatment. At Day 48, the concentrations of tumour necrotic factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were decreased (p < 0.05) in pigs in the Photonia treatment. Metabolic pathways analysis showed that the Photonia treatment increased the d-glutamine, d-glutamate, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and phenylalanine compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, the use of Photonia for weanling pigs is recommended due to improved G:F, immune status and activation of amino acids metabolic pathways including d-glutamine, d-glutamate, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Beon Lee
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph N Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Biolight Corporation, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Yang
- Biolight Corporation, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Yıldırım A, Ataş AD. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Preeclampsic Pregnant. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2023; 47:209-213. [PMID: 38149440 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.80664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and is a parasite of high medical importance with a wide host variety. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections during pregnancy may predispose women to pregnancy complications. Preeclampsia of unknown etiology causes special conditions such as systemic vascular endothelial damage due to insufficient trophoblastic invasion and abnormal placentation. There are data of an association between various maternal infections and preeclampsia/eclampsias. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the relationship between the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and in normotensive healthy pregnant women who were in the control group. Methods In this study, 176 pregnant women who applied to our hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were included. 88 (50%) of the pregnant women had pre-eclampsia and 88 (50%) were normotensive. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies in blood taken from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and control group was investigated using ELISA. Results Because of the study, both groups were found to be seronegative in terms of anti-Toxoplasma IgM by ELISA. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was found to be seropositive in 24 (27.3%) pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 18 (20.5%) normotensive pregnant women. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity (X2=0.289, p>0.05) (p<0.05). Conclusion Because of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and those with toxoplasmosis. It was thought that further studies should be conducted to discuss the hormonal, vascular, etc. factors occurring in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia of T. gondii effect of preparing the ground for the changes and to reveal the existence of a possible relationship between pre-eclampsia and T. gondii seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Yıldırım
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Duran Ataş
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Sivas, Türkiye
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Vujasinovic M, Said K, Villard C, Carlsson J, Poli C, Maisonneuve P, Löhr JM. The Role of Immunoglobulin G4 in Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. J Clin Med 2023; 13:79. [PMID: 38202086 PMCID: PMC10779552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by an inflammatory and fibrotic process affecting bile ducts which eventually develops into liver cirrhosis and liver failure. The aim of this study was to investigate serum IgG subclass distribution in patients with PSC and its possible association with PSC outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 181 patients who had been diagnosed with PSC between January 1970 and December 2015 and followed at our outpatient clinic. Their demographic, immunological, and clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS This study included 181 patients with PSC (120 males, 61 females). There was no association between IgGs and the development of autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, and colectomy. Patients with elevated IgG4 had statistically significant higher rates of cholangitis (p = 0.02) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (p = 0.009). High IgG4 values were observed in nine patients who underwent ERCP. In these nine patients, on average, IgG4 was evaluated 5 years after ERCP (min 3 days, max 11 years). Subanalysis considering only IgG4 values evaluated before ERCP showed no significant difference but remains significant if we consider IgG4 values after ERCP. CONCLUSION Elevated IgG4 in our study showed a possible association with higher rates of cholangitis and ERCP among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. It seems that IgGs may be a useful tool for the prediction of outcomes in patients with PSC. A prospective study is necessary, especially to study the trends of IgGs values during disease as well as the role of possible seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department for Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.)
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Karouk Said
- Department for Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Christina Villard
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.V.); (C.P.)
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher Poli
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - J.-Matthias Löhr
- Department for Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Southworth T, Jackson N, Singh D. Airway and Systemic Immune Responses Following the Third COVID-19 Vaccination in COPD Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:3027-3036. [PMID: 38143919 PMCID: PMC10749100 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s433269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Booster vaccinations are required to maintain protection against COVID-19. COPD patients are at higher risk of developing severe illness following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous cross-sectional analysis after the second COVID-19 booster showed similar immune responses in COPD patients and controls, but pre-vaccination samples were not available. This longitudinal study evaluated systemic and airway immune responses in COPD patients using samples obtained pre- and post-third COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Twelve COPD patients were recruited, with plasma, nasal and sputum (n = 10) samples collected pre-vaccination and 4- and 14-weeks post vaccination. Samples were analyzed for anti-spike IgA and IgG and cellular immunity. The ability of plasma and nasal samples to block ACE2-spike protein interaction was assessed for Wild type, Delta, and Omicron spike variants. Results Vaccinations increased anti-spike IgG in plasma (p < 0.001), nasal (IgG p < 0.001) and sputum (p = 0.002) samples, IgA in plasma (p < 0.001) and blood cellular immunity (p = 0.001). Plasma and nasal anti-spike IgA levels correlated (rho: 0.6, p = 0.02), with similar results for IgG (rho: 0.79, p = 0.003). Post-vaccination nasal (p = 0.002) and plasma (p < 0.001) samples were less effective at blocking Omicron spike binding to ACE2 compared to the Wild type spike variant. Discussion Airway and systemic immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 increased in COPD patients following a third COVID-19 vaccination. Nasal and systemic responses in COPD patients were less effective against Omicron variant compared to previous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Southworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Tkachenko A, Kupcova K, Havranek O. B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Beyond: The Role of Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) in Normal and Malignant B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 38203179 PMCID: PMC10779339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) is a B cell hallmark surface complex regulating multiple cellular processes in normal as well as malignant B cells. Igα (CD79a)/Igβ (CD79b) are essential components of BCR that are indispensable for its functionality, signal initiation, and signal transduction. CD79a/CD79b-mediated BCR signaling is required for the survival of normal as well as malignant B cells via a wide signaling network. Recent studies identified the great complexity of this signaling network and revealed the emerging role of CD79a/CD79b in signal integration. In this review, we have focused on functional features of CD79a/CD79b, summarized signaling consequences of CD79a/CD79b post-translational modifications, and highlighted specifics of CD79a/CD79b interactions within BCR and related signaling cascades. We have reviewed the complex role of CD79a/CD79b in multiple aspects of normal B cell biology and how is the normal BCR signaling affected by lymphoid neoplasms associated CD79A/CD79B mutations. We have also summarized important unresolved questions and highlighted issues that remain to be explored for better understanding of CD79a/CD79b-mediated signal transduction and the eventual identification of additional therapeutically targetable BCR signaling vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kupcova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine–Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine–Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Rodriguez R, Sivesind TE, Murrell D, Dellavalle RP. From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus. JMIR Dermatol 2023; 6:e46812. [PMID: 38100167 PMCID: PMC10757221 DOI: 10.2196/46812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Torunn E Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dedee Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Dermatology Service Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Murayama Y, Hamada H, Shiko Y, Onouchi Y, Kakimoto N, Ozawa Y, Hanaoka H, Hata A, Suzuki H. Risk factors for coronary artery abnormalities and resistance to immunoglobulin plus ciclosporin A therapy in severe Kawasaki disease: subanalysis of the KAICA trial, randomized trial for cicrosporin A as the first-line treatment. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1321533. [PMID: 38161433 PMCID: PMC10755003 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1321533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate risk factors for coronary arterial abnormalities (CAAs) and resistance to treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus ciclosporin A (CsA) as the first-line treatment, we performed a subanalysis of baseline data of participants in the KAICA trial, a phase 3, randomized study (JMA-ILA00174). Methods All data of the patients enrolled in the KAICA trial, who had a Gunma score ≥5 at diagnosis and had been randomly assigned to either IVIG (2 g/kg/24 h) plus CsA (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) (n = 86) or IVIG alone (n = 87), were subjected to this study. CAA was defined by a Z score ≥2.5 observed within 4 weeks after treatment initiation. Baseline data including genotypes of KD susceptibility genes were compared between subgroups of patients for CAA or treatment response for each treatment group. Backword-forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Pre-Z-max, defined as the maximum among Z scores on four coronary artery branches before treatment, was higher in patients with CAA in both treatment groups and was associated with CAA in IVIG plus CsA treatment group [odds ratio (OR) = 17.0]. High serum total bilirubin level was relevant to treatment resistance only in the IVIG plus CsA group (OR = 2.34). Conclusions Coronary artery enlargement before treatment is a major determinant of CAA even in KD patients treated with initial IVIG treatment intensified by addition of CsA. Baseline serum total bilirubin level was a risk factor associated with resistance to IVIG plus CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Murayama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Research Centre, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Onouchi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ozawa
- Clinical Research Centre, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hanaoka
- Clinical Research Centre, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Hata
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Health Research, Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Division of Pediatrics, Tsukushi Medical and Welfare Center, Iwade, Japan
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Oskam N, den Boer MA, Lukassen MV, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Veth TS, van Mierlo G, Lai SH, Derksen NIL, Yin V, Streutker M, Franc V, Šiborová M, Damen MJA, Kos D, Barendregt A, Bondt A, van Goudoever JB, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, Muts RM, Rooijakkers SHM, Vidarsson G, Rispens T, Heck AJR. CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311265120. [PMID: 38055740 PMCID: PMC10723121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311265120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an evolutionary conserved key component of humoral immunity, and the first antibody isotype to emerge during an immune response. IgM is a large (1 MDa), multimeric protein, for which both hexameric and pentameric structures have been described, the latter additionally containing a joining (J) chain. Using a combination of single-particle mass spectrometry and mass photometry, proteomics, and immunochemical assays, we here demonstrate that circulatory (serum) IgM exclusively exists as a complex of J-chain-containing pentamers covalently bound to the small (36 kDa) protein CD5 antigen-like (CD5L, also called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage). In sharp contrast, secretory IgM in saliva and milk is principally devoid of CD5L. Unlike IgM itself, CD5L is not produced by B cells, implying that it associates with IgM in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that CD5L integration has functional implications, i.e., it diminishes IgM binding to two of its receptors, the FcαµR and the polymeric Immunoglobulin receptor. On the other hand, binding to FcµR as well as complement activation via C1q seem unaffected by CD5L integration. Taken together, we redefine the composition of circulatory IgM as a J-chain containing pentamer, always in complex with CD5L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Oskam
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marie V. Lukassen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Szu-Hsueh Lai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Yin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marij Streutker
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Šiborová
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. A. Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Kos
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Barendregt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Remy M. Muts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht3584 CH, the Netherlands
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Zhou A, Liu G, Jiang X. Characteristic of the components and the metabolism mechanism of goat colostrum: a review. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4135-4146. [PMID: 37039778 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2199500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum contains large number of nutrients that promote the growth, differentiation, and biological functions for goat kids early somatic cells, which is crucial to meet the nutritional demands, immune function, and the health of goat kids later growth. Great attention has been given not only to nutritional ingredient differences between colostrum and normal milk, but also to function differences, and their effect on the physical and sensory properties of goat kid's growth performance and health status. This paper reviews the research progress of goat colostrum in recent years, mainly including the colostrum yield, components, i.e., proteins, lactose, and immunoglobulin, as well as the influence factor, i.e., number of lactation and littler size, nutrition during the gestation, and breeding environment. In addition, this review aims to summarize the synthesis and secretion mechanisms, and the digestion and absorption mechanism of goat colostrum. We conclude that even though the composition and physicochemical properties of goat colostrum are highly dynamic and variable, and the digestion and absorption mechanism has not been made fully clear until now, direct feed microbial (DFM) may be a promising alternative for improving the quality of colostrum that should be further explored for their practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Riazi K, Ly M, Barty R, Callum J, Arnold DM, Heddle NM, Down DG, Sidhu D, Li N. An unsupervised learning approach to identify immunoglobulin utilization patterns using electronic health records. Transfusion 2023; 63:2234-2247. [PMID: 37861272 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing Canada's immunoglobulin (Ig) product resource allocation is challenging due to increasing demand, high expenditure, and global shortages. Detection of groups with high utilization rates can help with resource planning for Ig products. This study aims to uncover utilization subgroups among the Ig recipients using electronic health records (EHRs). METHODS The study included all Ig recipients (intravenous or subcutaneous) in Calgary from 2014 to 2020, and their EHR data, including blood inventory, recipient demographics, and laboratory test results, were analyzed. Patient clusters were derived based on patient characteristics and laboratory test data using K-means clustering. Clusters were interpreted using descriptive analyses and visualization techniques. RESULTS Among 4112 recipients, six clusters were identified. Clusters 1 and 2 comprised 408 (9.9%) and 1272 (30.9%) patients, respectively, contributing to 62.2% and 27.1% of total Ig utilization. Cluster 3 included 1253 (30.5%) patients, with 86.4% of infusions administered in an inpatient setting. Cluster 4, comprising 1034 (25.1%) patients, had a median age of 4 years, while clusters 2-6 were adults with median ages of 46-60. Cluster 5 had 62 (1.5%) patients, with 77.3% infusions occurring in emergency departments. Cluster 6 contained 83 (2.0%) patients receiving subcutaneous Ig treatments. CONCLUSION The results identified data-driven segmentations of patients with high Ig utilization rates and patients with high risk for short-term inpatient use. Our report is the first on EHR data-driven clustering of Ig utilization patterns. The findings hold the potential to inform demand forecasting and resource allocation decisions during shortages of Ig products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Riazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mark Ly
- Centre for Health Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rebecca Barty
- Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeannie Callum
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald M Arnold
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy M Heddle
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas G Down
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davinder Sidhu
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Na Li
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Katragkou A, Sheth A, Gagliardo C, Aquino J, Shah N, Nwaobasi-Iwuh E, Melchionne C, Black P, Chiu S, Di Pentima C. Human Parechovirus Central Nervous System Infection in a Young Infant Cohort. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:e490-e492. [PMID: 37851979 PMCID: PMC10629600 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, a surge in cases of pediatric human parechovirus (HPeV) central nervous system infections in young infants was seen at our institution. Despite the dramatic increase in the number of cases seen that year, the clinical features of the illness were similar to prior years. The recent pediatric HPeV surge highlights the need to evaluate treatment options and standardize follow-up to better understand the long-term prognosis of infants with HPeV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Katragkou
- From the Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University[aff_start], [/aff_end]Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Christina Gagliardo
- From the Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University[aff_start], [/aff_end]Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Aquino
- Emergency Department, Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Christina Melchionne
- Emergency Department, Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
| | | | - Stephanie Chiu
- Atlantic Center for Research, Atlantic Health System[aff_start], [/aff_end]Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Cecilia Di Pentima
- From the Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University[aff_start], [/aff_end]Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Xu-Monette ZY, Li Y, Snyder T, Yu T, Lu T, Tzankov A, Visco C, Bhagat G, Qian W, Dybkaer K, Chiu A, Tam W, Zu Y, Hsi ED, Hagemeister FB, Wang Y, Go H, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Møller MB, Parsons BM, Fan X, van Krieken JH, Piris MA, Winter JN, Au Q, Kirsch I, Zhang M, Shaughnessy J, Xu B, Young KH. Tumor-Infiltrating Normal B Cells Revealed by Immunoglobulin Repertoire Clonotype Analysis Are Highly Prognostic and Crucial for Antitumor Immune Responses in DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4808-4821. [PMID: 37728879 PMCID: PMC10842978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) have demonstrated prognostic and predictive significance in solid cancers. In this study, we aimed to distinguish TIL-Bs from malignant B-cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and determine the clinical and biological significance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 269 patients with de novo DLBCL from the International DLBCL R-CHOP Consortium Program were studied. Ultra-deep sequencing of the immunoglobulin genes was performed to determine B-cell clonotypes. The frequencies and numbers of TIL-B clonotypes in individual repertoires were correlated with patient survival, gene expression profiling (GEP) data, and frequencies of DLBCL-infiltrating immune cells quantified by fluorescent multiplex IHC at single-cell resolution. RESULTS TIL-B abundance, evaluated by frequencies of normal B-cell clonotypes in the immunoglobulin repertoires, remarkably showed positive associations with significantly better survival of patients in our sequenced cohorts. DLBCLs with high versus low TIL-B abundance displayed distinct GEP signatures, increased pre-memory B-cell state and naïve CD4 T-cell state fractions, and higher CD4+ T-cell infiltration. TIL-B frequency, as a new biomarker in DLBCL, outperformed the germinal center (GC) B-cell-like/activated B-cell-like classification and TIL-T frequency. The identified TIL-B-high GEP signature, including genes upregulated during T-dependent B-cell activation and those highly expressed in normal GC B cells and T cells, showed significant favorable prognostic effects in several external validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS TIL-B frequency is a significant prognostic factor in DLBCL and plays a crucial role in antitumor immune responses. This study provides novel insights into the prognostic determinants in DLBCL and TIL-B functions with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Y. Xu-Monette
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tiantian Yu
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Wayne Tam
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric D. Hsi
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fredrick B. Hagemeister
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangshan Fan
- Pathology Center, Anhui Medical University and the first Affiliated Hospital, Hefei, China
| | | | - Miguel A. Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jane N. Winter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingyan Au
- NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | | | - Mingzhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - John Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ken H. Young
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Zafar Sheikh A. Renal Riddles Unveiled: Decoding Homogeneous Kidney Enlargement in Multiple Myeloma. Cureus 2023; 15:e50269. [PMID: 38196426 PMCID: PMC10775746 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal plasmacytoma is a rare extramedullary manifestation of plasma cell neoplasms (PCN). We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who developed secondary renal plasmacytoma after an eight-year remission period. Radiological findings on plain CT raised concern for the most common renal malignancy, i.e. renal cell carcinoma (RCC), while further imagining evaluation with MRI suggested renal lymphoma, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of renal plasmacytoma on imagining. A renal mass biopsy confirmed a kappa-restricted plasma cell tumor, emphasizing the need for accurate differentiation between renal plasmacytoma and other renal malignancies to guide appropriate treatment strategies. Increased awareness of such cases can lead to timely recognition and tailored management for this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zafar Sheikh
- Radiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
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Wirawan IMA, Matsee W, Astuti PAS, Sutarsa IN. Enhancing rabies prevention in tourist destinations such as Indonesia. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad103. [PMID: 37552057 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Made Ady Wirawan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
- Travel Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - Wasin Matsee
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Travel Medicine Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - I Nyoman Sutarsa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
- Rural Clinical School, ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
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48
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Sato N, Shiraki A, Mori KP, Sakai K, Takemura Y, Yanagita M, Imoto S, Tanabe K, Shiraki K. Preemptive Intravenous Human Immunoglobulin G Suppresses BK Polyomavirus Replication and Spread of Infection In Vitro. Am J Transplant 2023:S1600-6135(23)00862-6. [PMID: 37977231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection causes various diseases in immunocompromised patients. Cells from human lung and kidney were infected with BKPyV and treated with commercially available intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG). Its effects on BKPyV replication and spread of infection were investigated, focusing on administration timing. IVIG treatment 3 hours after infection suppressed BKPyV replication assessed by real-time PCR and expression of the viral capsid protein 1 and large T-antigen. IVIG effectively reduced the number of BKPyV-infected cells 2 weeks after infection in an antibody titer-dependent manner. Virus release in the culture supernatants was not influenced by IVIG treatment 6-80 hours and 3-9 days after infection. Collectively, IVIG did not affect viral release from infected cells but inhibited the spread of infection by neutralizing the released virus and blocking the new infected cell formation, indicating greater efficacy in early localized infection. BKPyV replication resumed in IVIG-treated cultures at 7 days after IVIG removal. Early prophylactic administration of IVIG is expected to reduce the growth and spread of BKPyV infection, resulting in the reduction of infected cell lesions and prevention of BKPyV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sato
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shiraki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Organ Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Shiraki
- Faculty of Nursing, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Cocito D, Peci E, Torrieri MC, Clerico M. Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Historical Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6961. [PMID: 38002576 PMCID: PMC10671960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic administration of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) offers various advantages over intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). This narrative review examines and compares SCIg versus IVIg in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). SCIg is as effective as IVIg but is better tolerated and easier to administer, as intravenous access is not required. Furthermore, SCIg administration is more convenient and cost-effective than IVIg, enabling flexible treatment scheduling at home and improving patients' overall quality of life. The availability of highly concentrated immunoglobulin G (IgG) subcutaneous solutions, such as IgPro20, a 20% IgG solution stabilized with L-proline, allows for the administration of larger volumes in a single session, while the parallel development of new technological devices enables the delivery of higher doses over a shorter time. Based on the results of the PATH study, SCIg has become a well-established therapy in CIDP. In addition to discussing the advantages of SCIg, this review summarizes the evolution of SCIg by discussing all the relevant clinical studies which have considered its use in the treatment of CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cocito
- Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Erdita Peci
- Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Marinella Clerico
- Academic Neurology Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
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Akcal O, Arican P, Cavusoglu D. Determining the Role of Immunoglobulin Levels in Children with Febrile Seizures. Neurol India 2023; 71:1183-1186. [PMID: 38174455 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.391394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures are the most common form of convulsive disorder in childhood. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of febrile seizure remain unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the immunoglobulin (IG) sub-group levels in children with febrile seizures. Methods and Material The patients with a diagnosis of febrile seizure with an age range of 1-7 years who attended the clinic were included in the study. Neurologically normal and age- and sex-matched children with no history of febrile seizures were considered as controls. Results A total of 64 patients and 100 control subjects participated in this study. There were no significant inter-group differences in terms of sex and age of the participants (p >.05). There was no statistical difference between case and control groups for serum lymphocyte count, IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE levels, and anti-HB response (p >.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that there is no difference in humoral immunity between children with febrile seizures and control subjects with the same age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Akcal
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Cengiz Gokcek Obstetrics and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Pinar Arican
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Cavusoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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