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Murray SM, Barbanti M, Campbell C, Brown A, Chen L, Dhanapal J, Tseu B, Pervaiz O, Peters L, Springett S, Danby R, Adele S, Phillips E, Malone T, Amini A, Stafford L, Deeks AS, Dunachie S, Klenerman P, Peniket A, Barnes E, Kesavan M. Impaired humoral and cellular response to primary COVID-19 vaccination in patients less than 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:668-679. [PMID: 35655410 PMCID: PMC9348196 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients remain at high risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and emerging variants. The optimal prophylactic vaccine strategy for this cohort is not defined. T cell-mediated immunity is a critical component of graft-versus-tumour effect and in determining vaccine immunogenicity. Using validated anti-spike (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and S-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELIspot) assays we analysed response to a two-dose vaccination schedule (either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) in 33 HSCT recipients at ≤2 years from transplant, alongside vaccine-matched healthy controls (HCs). After two vaccines, infection-naïve HSCT recipients had a significantly lower rate of seroconversion compared to infection-naïve HCs (25/32 HSCT vs. 39/39 HCs no responders) and had lower S-specific T-cell responses. The HSCT recipients who received BNT162b2 had a higher rate of seroconversion compared to ChAdOx1 (89% vs. 74%) and significantly higher anti-S IgG titres (p = 0.022). S-specific T-cell responses were seen after one vaccine in HCs and HSCT recipients. However, two vaccines enhanced S-specific T-cell responses in HCs but not in the majority of HSCT recipients. These data demonstrate limited immunogenicity of two-dose vaccination strategies in HSCT recipients, bolstering evidence of the need for additional boosters and/or alternative prophylactic measures in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M. Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maria Barbanti
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Cori Campbell
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anthony Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lucia Chen
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Jay Dhanapal
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Bing Tseu
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Omer Pervaiz
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Louis Peters
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Sally Springett
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Robert Danby
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Eloise Phillips
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tom Malone
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Alexandra S. Deeks
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Peniket
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Murali Kesavan
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Sesques P, Bachy E, Ferrant E, Safar V, Gossez M, Morfin-Sherpa F, Venet F, Ader F. Immune response to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy recipients. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:236-237. [PMID: 35093212 PMCID: PMC8786606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Kornek B, Leutmezer F, Rommer PS, Koblischke M, Schneider L, Haslacher H, Thalhammer R, Zimprich F, Zulehner G, Bsteh G, Dal-Bianco A, Rinner W, Zebenholzer K, Wimmer I, Steinmaurer A, Graninger M, Mayer M, Roedl K, Berger T, Winkler S, Aberle JH, Tobudic S. B Cell Depletion and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Neuroimmunologic Patients. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:342-352. [PMID: 35067959 PMCID: PMC9011809 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to assess the impact of B cell depletion on humoral and cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in patients with various neuroimmunologic disorders on anti-CD20 therapy. This included an analysis of the T cell vaccine response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. METHODS We investigated prospectively humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in 82 patients with neuroimmunologic disorders on anti-CD20 therapy and 82 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For quantification of antibodies, the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) immunoassay against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) was used. IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays were performed to assess T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Delta variant. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were found less frequently in patients (70% [57/82]) compared with controls (82/82 [100%], p < 0.001). In patients without detectable B cells (<1 B cell/mcl), seroconversion rates and antibody levels were lower compared to nondepleted (≥1 B cell/mcl) patients (p < 0.001). B cell levels ≥1 cell/mcl were sufficient to induce seroconversion in our cohort of anti-CD20 treated patients. In contrast to the antibody response, the T-cell response against the Wuhan strain and the Delta variant was more pronounced in frequency (p < 0.05) and magnitude (p < 0.01) in B-cell depleted compared to nondepleted patients. INTERPRETATION Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinnation can be attained in patients on anti-CD20 therapy by the onset of B cell repopulation. In the absence of B cells, a strong T cell response is generated which may help to protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in this high-risk population. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:342-352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kornek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus S Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Schneider
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Zulehner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Walter Rinner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Zebenholzer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Steinmaurer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Margareta Mayer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kilian Roedl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Tobudic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Svitek N, Saya R, Zhang H, Nene V, Steinaa L. Systematic Determination of TCR–Antigen and Peptide–MHC Binding Kinetics among Field Variants of a Theileria parva Polymorphic CTL Epitope. J I 2022; 208:549-561. [PMID: 35031580 PMCID: PMC8802549 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Positions 1–3 in the Tp9 CTL epitope are required for binding to BoLA-1*023:01. Positions 5–8 in the Tp9 epitope are required for TCR recognition in diverse CTLs. Tp9-specific CTLs from Muguga-immunized animals can cross-react with variants 4 and 7.
CTLs are known to contribute to immunity toward Theileria parva, the causative agent of East Coast fever. The Tp967–75 CTL epitope from the Muguga strain of T. parva is polymorphic in other parasite strains. Identifying the amino acids important for MHC class I binding, as well as TCR recognition of epitopes, can allow the strategic selection of Ags to induce cellular immunity toward T. parva. In this study, we characterized the amino acids important for MHC class I binding and TCR recognition in the Tp967–75 epitope using alanine scanning and a series of variant peptide sequences to probe these interactions. In a peptide–MHC class I binding assay, we found that the amino acids at positions 1, 2, and 3 were critical for binding to its restricting MHC class I molecule BoLA-1*023:01. With IFN-γ ELISPOT and peptide–MHC class I Tet staining assays on two parasite-specific bovine CTL lines, we showed that amino acids at positions 5–8 in the epitope were required for TCR recognition. Only two of eight naturally occurring polymorphic Tp9 epitopes were recognized by both CTLs. Finally, using a TCR avidity assay, we found that a higher TCR avidity was associated with a stronger functional response toward one of two variants recognized by the CTL. These data add to the growing knowledge on the cross-reactivity of epitope-specific CTLs and specificities that may be required in the selection of Ags in the design of a wide-spectrum vaccine for East Coast fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Svitek
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya; and
| | - Rosemary Saya
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya; and
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Vishvanath Nene
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya; and
| | - Lucilla Steinaa
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya; and
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Marty PK, Van Keulen VP, Erskine CL, Shah M, Hummel A, Stachowitz M, Fatis S, Granger D, Block MS, Duarte-García A, Warrington KJ, Theel ES, Zhou X, Zeng H, Specks U, Escalante P, Peikert T. Antigen Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients Receiving B-Cell Depleting Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834981. [PMID: 35154159 PMCID: PMC8831839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral vaccine responses are known to be suboptimal in patients receiving B-cell targeted therapy, and little is known about vaccine induced T-cell immunity in these patients. In this study, we characterized humoral and cellular antigen-specific anti-SARS-CoV2 responses following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) receiving anti-CD20 therapy, who were either B-cell depleted, or B-cell recovered at the time of vaccination and in normal control subjects. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, while SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses to S glycoprotein subunits 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) and receptor binding domain peptide pools were measured using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays. In total, 26 recently vaccinated subjects were studied. Despite the lack of a measurable humoral immune response, B-cell depleted patients mounted a similar vaccine induced antigen-specific T-cell response compared to B-cell recovered patients and normal controls. Our data indicate that to assure a humoral response in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should ideally be delayed until B-cell recovery (CD-20 positive B-cells > 10/μl). Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits robust, potentially protective cellular immune responses in these subjects. Further research to characterize the durability and protective effect of vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K. Marty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Virginia P. Van Keulen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Courtney L. Erskine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Maleeha Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amber Hummel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Stachowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Samantha Fatis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dane Granger
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew S. Block
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alí Duarte-García
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Warrington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Elitza S. Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xian Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ulrich Specks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Patricio Escalante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tobias Peikert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Tobias Peikert,
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6
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Liu J, Budylowski P, Samson R, Griffin BD, Babuadze G, Rathod B, Colwill K, Abioye JA, Schwartz JA, Law R, Yip L, Ahn SK, Chau S, Naghibosadat M, Arita Y, Hu Q, Yue FY, Banerjee A, Hardy WR, Mossman K, Mubareka S, Kozak RA, Pollanen MS, Martin Orozco N, Gingras AC, Marcusson EG, Ostrowski MA. Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj9815. [PMID: 35044832 PMCID: PMC8769538 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines are needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report the preclinical development of a lipid nanoparticle–formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B. PTX-COVID19-B was chosen among three candidates after the initial mouse vaccination results showed that it elicited the strongest neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Further tests in mice and hamsters indicated that PTX-COVID19-B induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protected the vaccinated animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. Studies in hamsters also showed that PTX-COVID19-B protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mouse immune sera elicited by PTX-COVID19-B vaccination were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta lineages. No adverse effects were induced by PTX-COVID19-B in either mice or hamsters. Based on these results, PTX-COVID19-B was authorized by Health Canada to enter clinical trials in December 2020 with a phase 2 clinical trial ongoing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Canada
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Liposomes/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Kyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Serena Chau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yuko Arita
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - W. Rod Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael S. Pollanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric G. Marcusson
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
- Marcusson Consulting, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mario A. Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Lozano-Rodríguez R, Valentín-Quiroga J, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Martín-Quirós A, Pascual-Iglesias A, Terrón-Arcos V, Montalbán-Hernández K, Casalvilla-Dueñas JC, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, Alcamí J, García-Pérez J, Cascajero A, García-Garrido MÁ, Balzo-Castillo ÁD, Peinado M, Gómez L, Llorente-Fernández I, Martín-Miguel G, Herrero-Benito C, Benito JM, Rallón N, Vela-Olmo C, López-Morejón L, Cubillos-Zapata C, Aguirre LA, Fresno CD, López-Collazo E. Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110235. [PMID: 34986327 PMCID: PMC8687760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Valentín-Quiroga
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Quirós
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón-Arcos
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Casalvilla-Dueñas
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bergón-Gutiérrez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Cascajero
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Garrido
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Del Balzo-Castillo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Peinado
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gema Martín-Miguel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrero-Benito
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Aguirre
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Bitencourt J, Peralta-Álvarez MP, Wilkie M, Jacobs A, Wright D, Salman Almujri S, Li S, Harris SA, Smith SG, Elias SC, White AD, Satti I, Sharpe SS, O’Shea MK, McShane H, Tanner R. Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798207. [PMID: 35069580 PMCID: PMC8767055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and the only currently-licensed vaccine, BCG, is inadequate. Many TB vaccine candidates are designed to be given as a boost to BCG; an understanding of the BCG-induced immune response is therefore critical, and the opportunity to relate this to circumstances where BCG does confer protection may direct the design of more efficacious vaccines. While the T cell response to BCG vaccination has been well-characterized, there is a paucity of literature on the humoral response. We demonstrate BCG vaccine-mediated induction of specific antibodies in different human populations and macaque species which represent important preclinical models for TB vaccine development. We observe a strong correlation between antibody titers in serum versus plasma with modestly higher titers in serum. We also report for the first time the rapid and transient induction of antibody-secreting plasmablasts following BCG vaccination, together with a robust and durable memory B cell response in humans. Finally, we demonstrate a functional role for BCG vaccine-induced specific antibodies in opsonizing mycobacteria and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis in vitro, which may contribute to the BCG vaccine-mediated control of mycobacterial growth observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that the humoral immune response in the context of BCG vaccination merits further attention to determine whether TB vaccine candidates could benefit from the induction of humoral as well as cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bitencourt
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Morven Wilkie
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Jacobs
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shuailin Li
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C. Elias
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sally S. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Swai J, Gui M, Long M, Wei Z, Hu Z, Liu S. Humoral and cellular immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccination in haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2022; 27:7-24. [PMID: 34510645 PMCID: PMC8646800 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are amongst the vulnerable groups and thus prioritized in the Coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination programmes. However, this cohort was excluded from vaccine-trials and yet shares the same vaccination scheme with the general population. Here, we explore trends of immune response-proportions amongst ESRD patients on renal replacement therapy for up to 4 weeks post-vaccination completion with Pfizer/Moderna vaccines. From inception to 10 July 2021, we searched six online-databases for articles reporting humoral and cellular immune response proportions for up to 4 weeks post booster-vaccination. We pooled the responders' proportions by meta-analysis and conducted a meta-regression stratifying outcomes by significant confounders. Twenty-seven eligible studies reported 2789 ESRD patients. 1337, 1452 and 477 were on haemodialysis, received kidney transplantation, and healthy controls, respectively. Haemodialysis patients' proportions of humoral and cellular immune responses varied from 87.29% (80.77-93.81)-88.78% (86.76-90.80) and 62.86% (56.56, 69.17)-85.78% (78.99, 92.57), respectively, between first- and fourth-weeks. Kidney transplant patients' proportions of humoral and cellular immune responses ranged from 2.6% (0.06-13.48)-29.87% (27.68, 32.07) and 5.13% (0.63-17.3)-59.84% (54.57-65.10), respectively, between first- and fourth-weeks. All healthy controls maintained ≥93% proportions of both responses throughout the follow-up. Study design and country of study influenced the pooled response proportions. Conclusively, haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients have lower proportions of humoral and cellular immune responses than healthy controls. However, haemodialysis patients' response proportions improve, reaching near healthy-control levels by the fourth week. Kidney transplant patients' lower responses' proportions also improve but remain significantly lower than healthy controls throughout four-weeks. The "one-size-fits-all" vaccination scheme might be inadequate for kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Swai
- Division of Nephrology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of NephrologyBenjamin Mkapa HospitalDodoma CityTanzania
| | - Ming Gui
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Mao Long
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhu Wei
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Department of Internal MedicineThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Department of Internal MedicineThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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10
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Sureshchandra S, Lewis SA, Doratt BM, Jankeel A, Coimbra Ibraim I, Messaoudi I. Single-cell profiling of T and B cell repertoires following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e153201. [PMID: 34935643 PMCID: PMC8783687 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have shown exceptional clinical efficacy, providing robust protection against severe disease. However, our understanding of transcriptional and repertoire changes following full vaccination remains incomplete. We used scRNA-Seq and functional assays to compare humoral and cellular responses to 2 doses of mRNA vaccine with responses observed in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic disease. Our analyses revealed enrichment of spike-specific B cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and robust antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses following vaccination. On the other hand, although clonally expanded CD8+ T cells were observed following both vaccination and natural infection, CD8+ T cell responses were relatively weak and variable. In addition, TCR gene usage was variable, reflecting the diversity of repertoires and MHC polymorphism in the human population. Natural infection induced expansion of CD8+ T cell clones that occupy distinct clusters compared to those induced by vaccination and likely recognize a broader set of viral antigens of viral epitopes presented by the virus not seen in the mRNA vaccine. Our study highlights a coordinated adaptive immune response in which early CD4+ T cell responses facilitate the development of the B cell response and substantial expansion of effector CD8+ T cells, together capable of contributing to future recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
| | - Sloan A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
| | - Brianna M. Doratt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
| | | | | | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department fo Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Levington, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Sun W, Zhang H, Fan W, He L, Chen T, Zhou X, Qi Y, Sun L, Hu R, Luo T, Liu W, Li J. Evaluation of Cellular Immunity with ASFV Infection by Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-Peptide Tetramers. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112264. [PMID: 34835070 PMCID: PMC8617699 DOI: 10.3390/v13112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in incalculable economic losses to the pig industry. As the mechanism of viral infection is not clear, protective antigens have not been discovered or identified. In this study, we determined that the p30, pp62, p72, and CD2v proteins were all involved in the T cell immune response of live pigs infected with ASFV, among which p72 and pp62 proteins were the strongest. Panoramic scanning was performed on T cell epitopes of the p72 protein, and three high-frequency positive epitopes were selected to construct a swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-tetramer, and ASFV-specific T cells were detected. Subsequently, the specific T cell and humoral immune responses of ASFV-infected pigs and surviving pigs were compared. The results demonstrate that the specific T cellular immunity responses gradually increased during the infection and were higher than that in the surviving pigs in the late stages of infection. The same trend was observed in specific humoral immune responses, which were highest in surviving pigs. In general, our study provides key information for the exploration of ASFV-specific immune responses and the development of an ASFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Lihong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; (T.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (T.L.); (W.L.); (J.L.)
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12
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Calzas C, Mao M, Turpaud M, Viboud Q, Mettier J, Figueroa T, Bessière P, Mangin A, Sedano L, Hervé PL, Volmer R, Ducatez MF, Bourgault S, Archambault D, Le Goffic R, Chevalier C. Immunogenicity and Protective Potential of Mucosal Vaccine Formulations Based on Conserved Epitopes of Influenza A Viruses Fused to an Innovative Ring Nanoplatform in Mice and Chickens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772550. [PMID: 34868036 PMCID: PMC8632632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current inactivated vaccines against influenza A viruses (IAV) mainly induce immune responses against highly variable epitopes across strains and are mostly delivered parenterally, limiting the development of an effective mucosal immunity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of intranasal formulations incorporating conserved IAV epitopes, namely the long alpha helix (LAH) of the stalk domain of hemagglutinin and three tandem repeats of the ectodomain of the matrix protein 2 (3M2e), as universal mucosal anti-IAV vaccines in mice and chickens. The IAV epitopes were grafted to nanorings, a novel platform technology for mucosal vaccination formed by the nucleoprotein (N) of the respiratory syncytial virus, in fusion or not with the C-terminal end of the P97 protein (P97c), a recently identified Toll-like receptor 5 agonist. Fusion of LAH to nanorings boosted the generation of LAH-specific systemic and local antibody responses as well as cellular immunity in mice, whereas the carrier effect of nanorings was less pronounced towards 3M2e. Mice vaccinated with chimeric nanorings bearing IAV epitopes in fusion with P97c presented modest LAH- or M2e-specific IgG titers in serum and were unable to generate a mucosal humoral response. In contrast, N-3M2e or N-LAH nanorings admixed with Montanide™ gel (MG) triggered strong specific humoral responses, composed of serum type 1/type 2 IgG and mucosal IgG and IgA, as well as cellular responses dominated by type 1/type 17 cytokine profiles. All mice vaccinated with the [N-3M2e + N-LAH + MG] formulation survived an H1N1 challenge and the combination of both N-3M2e and N-LAH nanorings with MG enhanced the clinical and/or virological protective potential of the preparation in comparison to individual nanorings. Chickens vaccinated parenterally or mucosally with N-LAH and N-3M2e nanorings admixed with Montanide™ adjuvants developed a specific systemic humoral response, which nonetheless failed to confer protection against heterosubtypic challenge with a highly pathogenic H5N8 strain. Thus, while the combination of N-LAH and N-3M2e nanorings with Montanide™ adjuvants shows promise as a universal mucosal anti-IAV vaccine in the mouse model, further experiments have to be conducted to extend its efficacy to poultry.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Protective Agents/administration & dosage
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Calzas
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Molida Mao
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathilde Turpaud
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Quentin Viboud
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joelle Mettier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thomas Figueroa
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bessière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Mangin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sedano
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Hervé
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Volmer
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariette F. Ducatez
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Archambault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Chevalier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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13
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von Metzler I, Campe J, Huenecke S, Raab MS, Goldschmidt H, Schubert R, Rabenau HF, Ciesek S, Serve H, Ullrich E. COVID-19 in multiple-myeloma patients: cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in a short- and long-term view. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:463-470. [PMID: 34657968 PMCID: PMC8520766 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Multiple myeloma patients are often treated with immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, or monoclonal antibodies until disease progression. Continuous therapy in combination with the underlying disease frequently results in severe humoral and cellular immunodeficiency, which often manifests in recurrent infections. Here, we report on the clinical management and immunological data of three multiple-myeloma patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Despite severe hypogammaglobulinemia, deteriorated T cell counts, and neutropenia, the patients were able to combat COVID-19 by balanced response of innate immunity, strong CD8+ and CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation, development of specific T-cell memory subsets, and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 type IgM and IgG antibodies with virus-neutralizing capacities. Even 12 months after re-introduction of lenalidomide maintenance therapy, antibody levels and virus-neutralizing antibody titers remained detectable, indicating persisting immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We conclude that in MM patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were receiving active MM treatment, immune response assessment could be a useful tool to help guide decision-making regarding the continuation of anti-tumor therapy and supportive therapy. Key messages Immunosuppression due to multiple myeloma might not be the crucial factor that is affecting the course of COVID-19. In this case, despite pre-existing severe deficits in CD4+ T-cell counts and IgA und IgM deficiency, we noticed a robust humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation of immune response and antibody titers in MM patients that were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and are on active MM treatment should be performed on a larger scale; the findings might affect further treatment recommendations for COVID-19, MM treatment re-introduction, and isolation measures.
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02114-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana von Metzler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Julia Campe
- Experimental Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc S Raab
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Experimental Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Amodio D, Ruggiero A, Sgrulletti M, Pighi C, Cotugno N, Medri C, Morrocchi E, Colagrossi L, Russo C, Zaffina S, Di Matteo G, Cifaldi C, Di Cesare S, Rivalta B, Pacillo L, Santilli V, Giancotta C, Manno EC, Ciofi Degli Atti M, Raponi M, Rossi P, Finocchi A, Cancrini C, Perno CF, Moschese V, Palma P. Humoral and Cellular Response Following Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients Affected by Primary Immunodeficiencies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727850. [PMID: 34671350 PMCID: PMC8521226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass SARS-Cov-2 vaccination campaign represents the only strategy to defeat the global pandemic we are facing. Immunocompromised patients represent a vulnerable population at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 and thus should be prioritized in the vaccination programs and in the study of the vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, most data on efficacy and safety of the available vaccines derive from trials conducted on healthy individuals; hence, studies on immunogenicity of SARS-CoV2 vaccines in such populations are deeply needed. Here, we perform an observational longitudinal study analyzing the humoral and cellular response following the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of patients affected by inborn errors of immunity (IEI) compared to healthy controls (HC). We show that both IEI and HC groups experienced a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs 1 week after the second scheduled dose as well as an overall statistically significant expansion of the Ag-specific CD4+CD40L+ T cells in both HC and IEI. Five IEI patients did not develop any specific CD4+CD40L+ T cellular response, with one of these patients unable to also mount any humoral response. These data raise immunologic concerns about using Ab response as a sole metric of protective immunity following vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these findings suggest that evaluation of vaccine-induced immunity in this subpopulation should also include quantification of Ag-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Medri
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cifaldi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Santilli
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Giancotta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit-Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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15
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Mrak D, Tobudic S, Koblischke M, Graninger M, Radner H, Sieghart D, Hofer P, Perkmann T, Haslacher H, Thalhammer R, Winkler S, Blüml S, Stiasny K, Aberle JH, Smolen JS, Heinz LX, Aletaha D, Bonelli M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: B cells promote humoral immune responses in the presence of T-cell-mediated immunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1345-1350. [PMID: 34285048 PMCID: PMC8295012 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab (RTX) affects humoral immune response after vaccination. It remains unclear whether RTX-treated patients can develop a humoral and T-cell-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after immunisation. METHODS Patients under RTX treatment (n=74) were vaccinated twice with either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2. Antibodies were quantified using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and neutralisation tests. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were quantified by IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. Prepandemic healthy individuals (n=5), as well as healthy individuals (n=10) vaccinated with BNT162b2, served as controls. RESULTS All healthy controls developed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 RBD of the spike protein, but only 39% of the patients under RTX treatment seroconverted. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD significantly correlated with neutralising antibodies (τ=0.74, p<0.001). Patients without detectable CD19+ peripheral B cells (n=36) did not develop specific antibodies, except for one patient. Circulating B cells correlated with the levels of antibodies (τ=0.4, p<0.001). However, even patients with a low number of B cells (<1%) mounted detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected in 58% of the patients, independent of a humoral immune response. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that vaccination can induce SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in RTX-treated patients, once peripheral B cells at least partially repopulate. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells that evolved in more than half of the vaccinated patients may exert protective effects independent of humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mrak
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Tobudic
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Helga Radner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Prendecki M, Clarke C, Edwards H, McIntyre S, Mortimer P, Gleeson S, Martin P, Thomson T, Randell P, Shah A, Singanayagam A, Lightstone L, Cox A, Kelleher P, Willicombe M, McAdoo SP. Humoral and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients receiving immunosuppression. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1322-1329. [PMID: 34362747 PMCID: PMC8350975 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an urgent need to assess the impact of immunosuppressive therapies on the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS Serological and T-cell ELISpot assays were used to assess the response to first-dose and second-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (with either BNT162b2 mRNA or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines) in 140 participants receiving immunosuppression for autoimmune rheumatic and glomerular diseases. RESULTS Following first-dose vaccine, 28.6% (34/119) of infection-naïve participants seroconverted and 26.0% (13/50) had detectable T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. Immune responses were augmented by second-dose vaccine, increasing seroconversion and T-cell response rates to 59.3% (54/91) and 82.6% (38/46), respectively. B-cell depletion at the time of vaccination was associated with failure to seroconvert, and tacrolimus therapy was associated with diminished T-cell responses. Reassuringly, only 8.7% of infection-naïve patients had neither antibody nor T-cell responses detected following second-dose vaccine. In patients with evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (19/140), all mounted high-titre antibody responses after first-dose vaccine, regardless of immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are immunogenic in patients receiving immunosuppression, when assessed by a combination of serology and cell-based assays, although the response is impaired compared with healthy individuals. B-cell depletion following rituximab impairs serological responses, but T-cell responses are preserved in this group. We suggest that repeat vaccine doses for serological non-responders should be investigated as means to induce more robust immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prendecki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Candice Clarke
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helena Edwards
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stacey McIntyre
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paige Mortimer
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gleeson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tina Thomson
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Randell
- Department of Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anand Shah
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Centre of Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alison Cox
- Department of Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Kelleher
- Department of Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen P McAdoo
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Broseta JJ, Rodríguez-Espinosa D, Rodríguez N, Mosquera MDM, Marcos MÁ, Egri N, Pascal M, Soruco E, Bedini JL, Bayés B, Maduell F. Humoral and Cellular Responses to mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Administered to Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:571-581. [PMID: 34174364 PMCID: PMC8223037 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Patients with kidney failure who are receiving maintenance dialysis have a higher risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and worse clinical outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population. Therefore, immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with effective vaccines is an important component of health-maintenance strategies for these patients. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to messenger RNA (mRNA) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in this population. STUDY DESIGN Observational prospective multicenter cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 205 patients treated at 3 dialysis units at the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain) were vaccinated from February 3 to April 4, 2021, and followed until April 23, 2021. EXPOSURE Immunization with either the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. OUTCOME Seroconversion, defined as the detection of IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the S1 spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S1-RBD IgG), and the identification of activated CD4+T cells 3 weeks after completing vaccination. Anti-S1-RBD IgG levels were also analyzed as a secondary outcome. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Univariate and multivariable logistic and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between vaccination and study outcomes. RESULTS We found that 97.7% of 175 vaccinated patients who were seronegative at baseline developed a response (humoral, cellular, or both); 95.4% of these patients seroconverted, while 62% of those tested for cellular immunity had a positive response. Greater age and immunosuppressive treatment were associated with lower antibody levels. LIMITATIONS Mandatory vaccine administration by health authorities. Anti-S1-RBD IgG levels were reported up to 150U/mL and cellular immune responses were characterized qualitatively. Antibody assay and cellular response assessment may not be comparable with previously published laboratory approaches. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with mRNA vaccines generated a humoral and cellular immune response in a high proportion of patients with kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis. These findings as well as the high risk of infection and poor clinical outcomes among these patients make their vaccination a health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Broseta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Egri
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica Soruco
- Diverum Renal Services Haemodialysis Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Bedini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriu Bayés
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Maduell
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Barry H, Mutua G, Kibuuka H, Anywaine Z, Sirima SB, Meda N, Anzala O, Eholie S, Bétard C, Richert L, Lacabaratz C, McElrath MJ, De Rosa S, Cohen KW, Shukarev G, Robinson C, Gaddah A, Heerwegh D, Bockstal V, Luhn K, Leyssen M, Douoguih M, Thiébaut R. Safety and immunogenicity of 2-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccination in healthy and HIV-infected adults: A randomised, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial in Africa. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003813. [PMID: 34714820 PMCID: PMC8555783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the heterologous 2-dose Ebola vaccination regimen in healthy and HIV-infected adults with different intervals between Ebola vaccinations. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II trial, 668 healthy 18- to 70-year-olds and 142 HIV-infected 18- to 50-year-olds were enrolled from 1 site in Kenya and 2 sites each in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, and Uganda. Participants received intramuscular Ad26.ZEBOV followed by MVA-BN-Filo at 28-, 56-, or 84-day intervals, or saline. Females represented 31.4% of the healthy adult cohort in contrast to 69.7% of the HIV-infected cohort. A subset of healthy adults received booster vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV or saline at Day 365. Following vaccinations, adverse events (AEs) were collected until 42 days post last vaccination and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded from signing of the ICF until the end of the study. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoint was immunogenicity. Anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) binding and neutralising antibodies were measured at baseline and at predefined time points throughout the study. The first participant was enrolled on 9 November 2015, and the date of last participant's last visit was 12 February 2019. No vaccine-related SAEs and mainly mild-to-moderate AEs were observed among the participants. The most frequent solicited AEs were injection-site pain (local), and fatigue, headache, and myalgia (systemic), respectively. Twenty-one days post-MVA-BN-Filo vaccination, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EBOV GP binding antibodies in healthy adults in 28-, 56-, and 84-day interval groups were 3,085 EU/mL (2,648 to 3,594), 7,518 EU/mL (6,468 to 8,740), and 7,300 EU/mL (5,116 to 10,417), respectively. In HIV-infected adults in 28- and 56-day interval groups, GMCs were 4,207 EU/mL (3,233 to 5,474) and 5,283 EU/mL (4,094 to 6,817), respectively. Antibody responses were observed until Day 365. Ad26.ZEBOV booster vaccination after 1 year induced an anamnestic response. Study limitations include that some healthy adult participants either did not receive dose 2 or received dose 2 outside of their protocol-defined interval and that the follow-up period was limited to 365 days for most participants. CONCLUSIONS Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccination was well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy and HIV-infected African adults. Increasing the interval between vaccinations from 28 to 56 days improved the magnitude of humoral immune responses. Antibody levels persisted to at least 1 year, and Ad26.ZEBOV booster vaccination demonstrated the presence of vaccination-induced immune memory. These data supported the approval by the European Union for prophylaxis against EBOV disease in adults and children ≥1 year of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02564523.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaudensia Mutua
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University—Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zacchaeus Anywaine
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Unité de Recherche Clinique de Banfora, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Serge Eholie
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, BPV3, Treichville University Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Christine Bétard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team; CHU Bordeaux; CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team; CHU Bordeaux; CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219; Inria SISTM team; CHU Bordeaux; CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Xu K, Dai L, Gao GF. Humoral and cellular immunity and the safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a summary of data published by 21 May 2021. Int Immunol 2021; 33:529-540. [PMID: 34491327 PMCID: PMC8499872 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths, and serious consequences to public health, economies and societies. Rapid responses in vaccine development have taken place since the isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the release of the viral genome sequence. By 21 May 2021, 101 vaccines were under clinical trials, and published data were available for 18 of them. Clinical study results from some vaccines indicated good immunogenicity and acceptable reactogenicity. Here, we focus on these 18 vaccines that had published clinical data to dissect the induced humoral and cellular immune responses as well as their safety profiles and protection efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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20
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Edgar L, Akbar N, Braithwaite AT, Krausgruber T, Gallart-Ayala H, Bailey J, Corbin AL, Khoyratty TE, Chai JT, Alkhalil M, Rendeiro AF, Ziberna K, Arya R, Cahill TJ, Bock C, Laurencikiene J, Crabtree MJ, Lemieux ME, Riksen NP, Netea MG, Wheelock CE, Channon KM, Rydén M, Udalova IA, Carnicer R, Choudhury RP. Hyperglycemia Induces Trained Immunity in Macrophages and Their Precursors and Promotes Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2021; 144:961-982. [PMID: 34255973 PMCID: PMC8448412 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk in diabetes remains elevated despite glucose-lowering therapies. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia induces trained immunity in macrophages, promoting persistent proatherogenic characteristics. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages from control mice and mice with diabetes were grown in physiological glucose (5 mmol/L) and subjected to RNA sequencing (n=6), assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (n=6), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (n=6) for determination of hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity. Bone marrow transplantation from mice with (n=9) or without (n=6) diabetes into (normoglycemic) Ldlr-/- mice was used to assess its functional significance in vivo. Evidence of hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity was sought in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with diabetes (n=8) compared with control subjects (n=16) and in human atherosclerotic plaque macrophages excised by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS In macrophages, high extracellular glucose promoted proinflammatory gene expression and proatherogenic functional characteristics through glycolysis-dependent mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from diabetic mice retained these characteristics, even when cultured in physiological glucose, indicating hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity. Bone marrow transplantation from diabetic mice into (normoglycemic) Ldlr-/- mice increased aortic root atherosclerosis, confirming a disease-relevant and persistent form of trained innate immunity. Integrated assay for transposase accessible chromatin, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and RNA sequencing analyses of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a proinflammatory priming effect in diabetes. The pattern of open chromatin implicated transcription factor Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1). Similarly, transcriptomes of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and peripheral leukocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes were enriched for Runx1 targets, consistent with a potential role in human disease. Pharmacological inhibition of Runx1 in vitro inhibited the trained phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity may explain why targeting elevated glucose is ineffective in reducing macrovascular risk in diabetes and suggests new targets for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurienne Edgar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Adam T. Braithwaite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (T.K., A.F.R., C.B.)
| | - Héctor Gallart-Ayala
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.G.-A., C.E.W.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy (H.G.-A., C.E.W.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jade Bailey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Alastair L. Corbin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK (A.L.C., T.E.K., I.A.U.)
| | - Tariq E. Khoyratty
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK (A.L.C., T.E.K., I.A.U.)
| | - Joshua T. Chai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - André F. Rendeiro
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (T.K., A.F.R., C.B.)
| | - Klemen Ziberna
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Ritu Arya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Thomas J. Cahill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (T.K., A.F.R., C.B.)
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (C.B.)
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7) (J.L., M.R.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark J. Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | | | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (N.P.R.., M.G.N.)
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (N.P.R.., M.G.N.)
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.G.-A., C.E.W.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy (H.G.-A., C.E.W.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7) (J.L., M.R.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina A. Udalova
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK (A.L.C., T.E.K., I.A.U.)
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
| | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK (L.E., N.A., A.T.B., J.B., J.T.C., M.A., K.Z., R.A., T.J.C., M.J.C., K.M.C., R.C., R.P.C.)
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21
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Hohman LS, Mou Z, Carneiro MB, Ferland G, Kratofil RM, Kubes P, Uzonna JE, Peters NC. Protective CD4+ Th1 cell-mediated immunity is reliant upon execution of effector function prior to the establishment of the pathogen niche. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009944. [PMID: 34543348 PMCID: PMC8483310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular infection with the parasite Leishmania major features a state of concomitant immunity in which CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity against reinfection coincides with a chronic but sub-clinical primary infection. In this setting, the rapidity of the Th1 response at a secondary site of challenge in the skin represents the best correlate of parasite elimination and has been associated with a reversal in Leishmania-mediated modulation of monocytic host cells. Remarkably, the degree to which Th1 cells are absolutely reliant upon the time at which they interact with infected monocytes to mediate their protective effect has not been defined. In the present work, we report that CXCR3-dependent recruitment of Ly6C+ Th1 effector (Th1EFF) cells is indispensable for concomitant immunity and acute (<4 days post-infection) Th1EFF cell-phagocyte interactions are critical to prevent the establishment of a permissive pathogen niche, as evidenced by altered recruitment, gene expression and functional capacity of innate and adaptive immune cells at the site of secondary challenge. Surprisingly, provision of Th1EFF cells after establishment of the pathogen niche, even when Th1 cells were provided in large quantities, abrogated protection, Th1EFF cell accumulation and IFN-γ production, and iNOS production by inflammatory monocytes. These findings indicate that protective Th1 immunity is critically dependent on activation of permissive phagocytic host cells by preactivated Th1EFF cells at the time of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S. Hohman
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matheus B. Carneiro
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriel Ferland
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Kratofil
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nathan C. Peters
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Spiri AM, Novacco M, Meli ML, Stirn M, Riond B, Fogle JE, Boretti FS, Herbert I, Hosie MJ, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091736. [PMID: 34578316 PMCID: PMC8473420 DOI: 10.3390/v13091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus associated with oral ulcerations and virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. The high genetic diversity of FCV poses a challenge in vaccine design. Protection against FCV has been related to humoral and cellular immunity; the latter has not been studied in detail. This study investigates the cellular and humoral immune response of specified pathogen-free (SPF) cats after modified-live FCV F9 vaccinations and two heterologous FCV challenges by the analysis of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine mRNA transcription levels, interferon (IFN)-γ release assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anti-FCV antibodies, and neutralisation activity. Vaccinated cats developed a Th1 cytokine response after vaccination. Vaccination resulted in antibodies with neutralising activity against the vaccine but not the challenge viruses. Remarkably, IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs were detected in vaccinated cats upon stimulation with the vaccine strain and the first heterologous FCV challenge strain. After the first experimental infection, the mRNA transcription levels of perforin, granzyme B, INF-γ, and antiviral factor MX1 and the number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the first challenge virus were higher in vaccinated cats compared to control cats. The first FCV challenge induced crossneutralising antibodies in all cats against the second challenge virus. Before the second challenge, vaccinated cats had a higher number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the second challenge virus than control cats. After the second FCV challenge, there were less significant differences detected between the groups regarding lymphocyte subsets and cytokine mRNA transcription levels. In conclusion, modified-live FCV vaccination induced cellular but not humoral crossimmunity in SPF cats; innate immune mechanisms, secretory and membranolytic pathways, and IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs seem to be important in the host immune defence against FCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Spiri
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-635-83-78
| | - Marilisa Novacco
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Barbara Riond
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Jonathan E. Fogle
- Comparative Immunology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Felicitas S. Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Imogen Herbert
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
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23
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Boštjančič E, Večerić-Haler Ž, Kojc N. The Role of Immune-Related miRNAs in the Pathology of Kidney Transplantation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081198. [PMID: 34439863 PMCID: PMC8393721 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are members of the non-coding regulatory RNA family that play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including immune response. They are particularly interesting as promising therapeutic targets, prognostic and diagnostic markers due to their easy detection in body fluids and stability. There is accumulating evidence that different miRNAs provide disease-specific signatures in liquid samples of distinct kidney injuries. Using experimental models and human samples, there have been numerous suggestions that immune-related miRNAs are also important contributors to the development of different kidney diseases as well as important markers for monitoring response after kidney transplantation. However, there are limited data for understanding their function in the molecular pathways of allograft pathologies. In our review, we focused on microRNAs that are related to different aspects of immune response after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Željka Večerić-Haler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-154-371-25
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24
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Strengert M, Becker M, Ramos GM, Dulovic A, Gruber J, Juengling J, Lürken K, Beigel A, Wrenger E, Lonnemann G, Cossmann A, Stankov MV, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Krause G, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Behrens GMN. Cellular and humoral immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients on haemodialysis. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103524. [PMID: 34391096 PMCID: PMC8357427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic renal insufficiency on maintenance haemodialysis face an increased risk of COVID-19 induced mortality and impaired vaccine responses. To date, only a few studies have addressed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited immunity in this immunocompromised population. METHODS We assessed immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in at-risk dialysis patients and characterised systemic cellular and humoral immune responses in serum and saliva using interferon γ release assay and multiplex-based cytokine and immunoglobulin measurements. We further compared binding capacity and neutralization efficacy of vaccination-induced immunoglobulins against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Epsilon and Cluster 5 by ACE2-RBD competition assay. FINDINGS Patients on maintenance haemodialysis exhibit detectable but variable cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern after a two-dose regimen of BNT162b2. Although vaccination-induced immunoglobulins were detectable in saliva and plasma, both anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization efficacy was reduced compared to a vaccinated non-dialysed control population. Similarly, T-cell mediated interferon γ release after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides was significantly diminished. INTERPRETATION Quantifiable humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals on maintenance haemodialysis are encouraging, but urge for longitudinal follow-up to assess longevity of immunity. Diminished virus neutralization and interferon γ responses in the face of emerging variants of concern may favour this at-risk population for re-vaccination using modified vaccines at the earliest opportunity. FUNDING Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg for Economic Affairs, Labour and Tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Strengert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Juengling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; CiiM - Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Wu S, Huang J, Zhang Z, Wu J, Zhang J, Hu H, Zhu T, Zhang J, Luo L, Fan P, Wang B, Chen C, Chen Y, Song X, Wang Y, Si W, Sun T, Wang X, Hou L, Chen W. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults: preliminary report of an open-label and randomised phase 1 clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1654-1664. [PMID: 34324836 PMCID: PMC8313090 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, and, since Aug 11, 2020, 20 intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults without COVID-19 from China. Method This was a randomised, single-centre, open-label, phase 1 trial done in Zhongnan Hospital (Wuhan, China), to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine by aerosol inhalation in adults (≥18 years) seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. Breastfeeding or pregnant women and people with major chronic illnesses or history of allergies were excluded. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) into five groups to be vaccinated via intramuscular injection, aerosol inhalation, or both. Randomisation was stratified by sex and age (18–55 years or ≥56 years) using computer-generated randomisation sequences (block sizes of five). Only laboratory staff were masked to group assignment. The participants in the two aerosol groups received an initial high dose (2 × 1010 viral particles; HDmu group) or low dose (1 × 1010 viral particles; LDmu group) of Ad5-nCoV vaccine on day 0, followed by a booster on day 28. The mixed vaccination group received an initial intramuscular (5 × 1010 viral particles) vaccine on day 0, followed by an aerosolised booster (2 × 1010 viral particles) vaccine on day 28 (MIX group). The intramuscular groups received one dose (5 × 1010 viral particles; 1Dim group) or two doses (10 × 1010 viral particles; 2Dim group) of Ad5-nCoV on day 0. The primary safety outcome was adverse events 7 days after each vaccination, and the primary immunogenicity outcome was anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor IgG antibody and SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody geometric mean titres at day 28 after last vaccination. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04552366. Findings Between Sept 28, 2020, and Sept 30, 2020, 230 individuals were screened for inclusion, of whom 130 (56%) participants were enrolled into the trial and randomly assigned into one of the five groups (26 participants per group). Within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events occurred in 18 (69%) in the HDmu group, 19 (73%) in the LDmu group, 19 (73%) in the MIX group, 19 (73%) in the 1Dim group, and 15 (58%) in the 2Dim group. The most common adverse events reported 7 days after the first or booster vaccine were fever (62 [48%] of 130 participants), fatigue (40 [31%] participants), and headache (46 [35%] participants). More adverse events were reported in participants who received intramuscular vaccination, including participants in the MIX group (49 [63%] of 78 participants), than those who received aerosol vaccine (13 [25%] of 52 participants) after the first vaccine vaccination. No serious adverse events were noted within 56 days after the first vaccine. At days 28 after last vaccination, geometric mean titres of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody was 107 (95% CI 47–245) in the HDmu group, 105 (47–232) in the LDmu group, 396 (207–758) in the MIX group, 95 (61–147) in the 1Dim group, and 180 (113–288) in the 2Dim group. The geometric mean concentrations of receptor binding domain-binding IgG was 261 EU/mL (95% CI 121–563) in the HDmu group, 289 EU/mL (138–606) in the LDmu group, 2013 EU/mL (1180–3435) in the MIX group, 915 EU/mL (588–1423) in the 1Dim group, and 1190 EU/mL (776–1824) in the 2Dim group. Interpretation Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is well tolerated, and two doses of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV elicited neutralising antibody responses, similar to one dose of intramuscular injection. An aerosolised booster vaccination at 28 days after first intramuscular injection induced strong IgG and neutralising antibody responses. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of aerosol vaccination should be evaluated in future studies. Funding National Key Research and Development Programme of China and National Science and Technology Major Project. Translation For the Chinese translation of the Summary see Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Huang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanning Hu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tianjian Sun
- Shanghai Stem Pharmaceutical Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rice A, Verma M, Shin A, Zakin L, Sieling P, Tanaka S, Balint J, Dinkins K, Adisetiyo H, Morimoto B, Higashide W, Anders Olson C, Mody S, Spilman P, Gabitzsch E, Safrit JT, Rabizadeh S, Niazi K, Soon-Shiong P. Intranasal plus subcutaneous prime vaccination with a dual antigen COVID-19 vaccine elicits T-cell and antibody responses in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14917. [PMID: 34290317 PMCID: PMC8295250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a COVID-19 vaccine, hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD, that expresses SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins with modifications to increase immune responses delivered using a human adenovirus serotype 5 (hAd5) platform. Here, we demonstrate subcutaneous (SC) prime and SC boost vaccination of CD-1 mice with this dual-antigen vaccine elicits T-helper cell 1 (Th1) biased T-cell and humoral responses to both S and N that are greater than those seen with hAd5 S wild type delivering only unmodified S. We then compared SC to intranasal (IN) prime vaccination with SC or IN boosts and show that an IN prime with an IN boost is as effective at generating Th1 biased humoral responses as the other combinations tested, but an SC prime with an IN or SC boost elicits greater T cell responses. Finally, we used a combined SC plus IN (SC + IN) prime with or without a boost and found the SC + IN prime alone to be as effective in generating humoral and T-cell responses as the SC + IN prime with a boost. The finding that SC + IN prime-only delivery has the potential to provide broad immunity-including mucosal immunity-against SARS-CoV-2 supports further testing of this vaccine and delivery approach in animal models of viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rice
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Mohit Verma
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Annie Shin
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Lise Zakin
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Peter Sieling
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Shiho Tanaka
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Joseph Balint
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Kyle Dinkins
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Helty Adisetiyo
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Brett Morimoto
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Wendy Higashide
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - C Anders Olson
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Shivani Mody
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Patricia Spilman
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T Safrit
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | | | - Kayvan Niazi
- ImmunityBio, Inc., 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
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27
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Bange EM, Han NA, Wileyto P, Kim JY, Gouma S, Robinson J, Greenplate AR, Hwee MA, Porterfield F, Owoyemi O, Naik K, Zheng C, Galantino M, Weisman AR, Ittner CAG, Kugler EM, Baxter AE, Oniyide O, Agyekum RS, Dunn TG, Jones TK, Giannini HM, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Babady NE, Kumar A, Widman AJ, DeWolf S, Boutemine SR, Roberts C, Budzik KR, Tollett S, Wright C, Perloff T, Sun L, Mathew D, Giles JR, Oldridge DA, Wu JE, Alanio C, Adamski S, Garfall AL, Vella LA, Kerr SJ, Cohen JV, Oyer RA, Massa R, Maillard IP, Maxwell KN, Reilly JP, Maslak PG, Vonderheide RH, Wolchok JD, Hensley SE, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, DeMichele AM, Vardhana SA, Mamtani R, Huang AC. CD8 + T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer. Nat Med 2021; 27:1280-1289. [PMID: 34017137 PMCID: PMC8291091 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer have high mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the immune parameters that dictate clinical outcomes remain unknown. In a cohort of 100 patients with cancer who were hospitalized for COVID-19, patients with hematologic cancer had higher mortality relative to patients with solid cancer. In two additional cohorts, flow cytometric and serologic analyses demonstrated that patients with solid cancer and patients without cancer had a similar immune phenotype during acute COVID-19, whereas patients with hematologic cancer had impairment of B cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody responses. Despite the impaired humoral immunity and high mortality in patients with hematologic cancer who also have COVID-19, those with a greater number of CD8 T cells had improved survival, including those treated with anti-CD20 therapy. Furthermore, 77% of patients with hematologic cancer had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses. Thus, CD8 T cells might influence recovery from COVID-19 when humoral immunity is deficient. These observations suggest that CD8 T cell responses to vaccination might provide protection in patients with hematologic cancer even in the setting of limited humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Bange
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Han
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Wileyto
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin Y Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Robinson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madeline A Hwee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florence Porterfield
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olutosin Owoyemi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karan Naik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cathy Zheng
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Galantino
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariel R Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caroline A G Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily M Kugler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olutwatosin Oniyide
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roseline S Agyekum
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas G Dunn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather M Giannini
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Esther Babady
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Widman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan DeWolf
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sawsan R Boutemine
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte Roberts
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krista R Budzik
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Tollett
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carla Wright
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tara Perloff
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, NY, USA
| | - Lova Sun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alfred L Garfall
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel J Kerr
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lancaster General Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine V Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, NY, USA
| | - Randall A Oyer
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lancaster General Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Massa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan P Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara N Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter G Maslak
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela M DeMichele
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santosha A Vardhana
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ronac Mamtani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Kim E, Weisel FJ, Balmert SC, Khan MS, Huang S, Erdos G, Kenniston TW, Carey CD, Joachim SM, Conter LJ, Weisel NM, Okba NMA, Haagmans BL, Percivalle E, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Korkmaz E, Shlomchik MJ, Falo LD, Gambotto A. A single subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1774-1784. [PMID: 33772778 PMCID: PMC8250272 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optimal vaccines are needed for sustained suppression of SARS-CoV-2 and other novel coronaviruses. Here, we developed a recombinant type 5 adenovirus vector encoding the gene for the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen (Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1) for COVID-19 immunization and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice. A single immunization with Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1 via S.C. injection or I.N delivery induced robust antibody and cellular immune responses. Vaccination elicited significant S1-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a endpoint titers as early as 2 weeks, and the induced antibodies were long lasting. I.N. and S.C. administration of Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1 produced S1-specific GC B cells in cervical and axillary LNs, respectively. Moreover, I.N. and S.C. immunization evoked significantly greater antigen-specific T-cell responses compared to unimmunized control groups with indications that S.C. injection was more effective than I.N. delivery in eliciting cellular immune responses. Mice vaccinated by either route demonstrated significantly increased virus-specific neutralization antibodies on weeks 8 and 12 compared to control groups, as well as BM antibody forming cells (AFC), indicative of long-term immunity. Thus, this Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate showed promising immunogenicity following delivery to mice by S.C. and I.N. routes of administration, supporting the further development of Ad-based vaccines against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases for sustainable global immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kim
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Florian J. Weisel
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public HealthPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Kenniston
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen M. Joachim
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Laura J. Conter
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nadine M. Weisel
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of ClinicalSurgicalDiagnostic and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPAUSA
- Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public HealthPittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseaseUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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Cho H, Son WC, Lee YS, Youn EJ, Kang CD, Park YS, Bae J. Differential Effects of Histone Deacetylases on the Expression of NKG2D Ligands and NK Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immunity in Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133952. [PMID: 34203519 PMCID: PMC8271929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates the expression of various genes, such as natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands. These NKG2D ligands are the key molecules that activate immune cells expressing the NKG2D receptor. It has been observed that cancer cells overexpress histone deacetylases (HDACs) and show reduced acetylation of nuclear histones. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors are known to upregulate the expression of NKG2D ligands. Humans have 18 known HDAC enzymes that are divided into four classes. At present, it is not clear which types of HDAC are involved in the expression of NKG2D ligands. We hypothesized that specific types of HDAC genes might be responsible for altering the expression of NKG2D ligands. In this study, we monitored the expression of NKG2D ligands and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in lung cancer cells which were treated with six selective HDAC inhibitors and specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). We observed that treatment with FK228, which is a selective HDAC1/2 inhibitor, also known as Romidepsin, induced NKG2D ligand expression at the transcriptional and proteomic levels in two different lung cancer cell lines. It also caused an increase in the susceptibility of NCI-H23 cells to NK cells. Silencing HDAC1 or HDAC2 using specific siRNAs increased NKG2D ligand expression. In conclusion, it appears that HDAC1 and HDAC2 might be the key molecules regulating the expression of NKG2D ligands. These results imply that specifically inhibiting HDAC1 and HDAC2 could induce the expression of NKG2D ligands and improve the NK cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeryung Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (E.J.Y.); (C.-D.K.)
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Gijang, Busan 46033, Korea;
| | - Young-Shin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (E.J.Y.); (C.-D.K.)
| | - Eun Jung Youn
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (E.J.Y.); (C.-D.K.)
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (E.J.Y.); (C.-D.K.)
| | - You-Soo Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Gijang, Busan 46033, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.P.); (J.B.); Tel.: +82-51-720-5114(Y.-S.P.); +82-51-510-8085 (J.B.); Fax: +82-51-510-8086 (J.B.)
| | - Jaeho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.C.); (Y.-S.L.); (E.J.Y.); (C.-D.K.)
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.P.); (J.B.); Tel.: +82-51-720-5114(Y.-S.P.); +82-51-510-8085 (J.B.); Fax: +82-51-510-8086 (J.B.)
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Yang L, Han Y, Jaffré F, Nilsson-Payant BE, Bram Y, Wang P, Zhu J, Zhang T, Redmond D, Houghton S, Uhl S, Borczuk A, Huang Y, Richardson C, Chandar V, Acklin JA, Lim JK, Chen Z, Xiang J, Ho DD, tenOever BR, Schwartz RE, Evans T, Chen S. An Immuno-Cardiac Model for Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in COVID-19 Hearts. Circ Res 2021; 129:33-46. [PMID: 33853355 PMCID: PMC8225586 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fabrice Jaffré
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chanel Richardson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Ziegler A, Duclaux-Loras R, Revenu C, Charbit-Henrion F, Begue B, Duroure K, Grimaud L, Guihot AL, Desquiret-Dumas V, Zarhrate M, Cagnard N, Mas E, Breton A, Edouard T, Billon C, Frank M, Colin E, Lenaers G, Henrion D, Lyonnet S, Faivre L, Alembik Y, Philippe A, Moulin B, Reinstein E, Tzur S, Attali R, McGillivray G, White SM, Gallacher L, Kutsche K, Schneeberger P, Girisha KM, Nayak SS, Pais L, Maroofian R, Rad A, Vona B, Karimiani EG, Lekszas C, Haaf T, Martin L, Ruemmele F, Bonneau D, Cerf-Bensussan N, Del Bene F, Parlato M. Bi-allelic variants in IPO8 cause a connective tissue disorder associated with cardiovascular defects, skeletal abnormalities, and immune dysregulation. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1126-1137. [PMID: 34010604 PMCID: PMC8206386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated transforming growth factor TGF-β signaling underlies the pathogenesis of genetic disorders affecting the connective tissue such as Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Here, we report 12 individuals with bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8 who presented with a syndromic association characterized by cardio-vascular anomalies, joint hyperlaxity, and various degree of dysmorphic features and developmental delay as well as immune dysregulation; the individuals were from nine unrelated families. Importin 8 belongs to the karyopherin family of nuclear transport receptors and was previously shown to mediate TGF-β-dependent SMADs trafficking to the nucleus in vitro. The important in vivo role of IPO8 in pSMAD nuclear translocation was demonstrated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation in zebrafish. Consistent with IPO8’s role in BMP/TGF-β signaling, ipo8−/− zebrafish presented mild to severe dorso-ventral patterning defects during early embryonic development. Moreover, ipo8−/− zebrafish displayed severe cardiovascular and skeletal defects that mirrored the human phenotype. Our work thus provides evidence that IPO8 plays a critical and non-redundant role in TGF-β signaling during development and reinforces the existing link between TGF-β signaling and connective tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ziegler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France; University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Revenu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Molecular Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Begue
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karine Duroure
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Anne Laure Guihot
- University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France; University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, INSERM-UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse 31300, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Digestives, and Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Toulouse Clinical Investigation Center INSERM U1436, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Anne Breton
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse 31300, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Digestives, and Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Toulouse Clinical Investigation Center INSERM U1436, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Reference Centre for Marfan Syndrome and Reference Centre on Rare Bone Diseases, Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, RESTORE, INSERM UMR1301, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Clarisse Billon
- Centre de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michael Frank
- Centre de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Philippe
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Moulin
- Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eyal Reinstein
- Medical Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 4428164, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shay Tzur
- Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, 67443 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruben Attali
- Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, 67443 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndon Gallacher
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Schneeberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shalini S Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Lynn Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace London, SW17 ORE London, UK; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azdad University, Mashhad 9133736351, Iran
| | - Caroline Lekszas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludovic Martin
- University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Frank Ruemmele
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France; University of Angers, MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM 1083, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France.
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Fujimoto K, Uchida K, Fujio K, Nagino K, Miura M, Negishi N, Okumura Y, Akasaki Y, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Eguchi A, Shokirova H, Yanagawa A, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Murakami A. Ex Vivo-Induced Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cells Prevent Corneal Allograft Rejection in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 34061951 PMCID: PMC8185403 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of ex vivo-induced bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (BM-MDSCs) on allogeneic immune responses in corneal transplantation. Methods Bone marrow cells from C57BL/6J (B6) mice were cultured with IL-6 and GM-CSF for four days. The ex vivo induction of the BM-MDSCs was assessed using flow cytometry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and nitric oxide (NO) production in allogeneic stimulation. T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion were investigated on allogeneic stimulation in the presence of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After subconjunctival injection of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs, the migration of the BM-MDSCs into corneal grafts, allogeneic corneal graft survival, neovascularization, and lymphangiogenesis were assessed using flow cytometry, slit-lamp microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results The combination of GM-CSF and IL-6 significantly induced BM-MDSCs with increased iNos mRNA expression. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs promoted NO release in allogeneic stimulation in vitro. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs inhibited T-cell proliferation and promoted Treg expansion. Decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 production was observed in coculture of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. Injected ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs were confirmed to migrate into the grafts. The injected BM-MDSCs also prolonged corneal graft survival and prevented angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Conclusions The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs have suppressive effects on allogeneic immune responses and prolong corneal allograft survival via the iNOS pathway, indicating that they may be a potential therapeutic tool for corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Negishi
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Indoor Environment Neurophysiology Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yao L, Wang GL, Shen Y, Wang ZY, Zhan BD, Duan LJ, Lu B, Shi C, Gao YM, Peng HH, Wang GQ, Wang DM, Jiang MD, Cao GP, Ma MJ. Persistence of Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in COVID-19 patients over Nine Months after Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:586-594. [PMID: 33978754 PMCID: PMC8243600 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The duration of humoral and T and cell response after the infection of
SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to assess the virus-specific antibody
and memory T and B cell responses in COVID-19 patients up to 343 days after
infection. Neutralizing antibodies and antibodies against the
receptor-binding domain, spike, and nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 were
measured. Virus-specific memory T and B cell responses were analyzed. Results We enrolled 59 COVID-19 patients, including 38 moderate, 16 mild, and five
asymptomatic patients; 31 (52.5%) were men, and 28 (47.5%) were women. The
median age was 41 (interquartile range [IQR]: 30–55). The median day
from symptom onset to enrollment was 317 days (range 257 to 343 days). We
found that approximately 90% of patients still have detectable IgG
antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins and neutralizing
antibodies against pseudovirus, whereas ~60% of patients had detectable IgG
antibodies against receptor binding domain and surrogate virus-neutralizing
antibodies. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG + memory B cell and
IFN-γ secreting T cell responses were detectable in over 70% of
patients. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory response persists in most patients nearly
one year after infection, which provides a promising sign for prevention
from reinfection and vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing
Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing
Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuang-Ye Wang
- Dezhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Bing-Dong Zhan
- Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing
Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Meng Gao
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong-Hong Peng
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wang
- Dezhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Dezhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Ming-Dong Jiang
- Dezhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Cao
- Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing
Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Mai-Juan Ma, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of
Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology,
Beijing 100071, China ()
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Verma S, Singh K, Bansal A. Multi-epitope DnaK peptide vaccine accords protection against lethal S. typhimurium challenge: Elicits both cell mediated immunity and long-lasting serum-neutralizing antibody titers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105652. [PMID: 33975015 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid vaccine development has been impeded by inability of currently available vaccines to induce cellular immunity along with neutralizing antibodies against all serovars of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment has shown to be an ineffective therapy due to development of resistance against multiple antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of in-silico designed multi-epitope DnaK peptides as candidate vaccine molecules against Salmonella. Immunization studies in mouse typhoid model revealed three of these peptides (DP1, DP5 and DP7) are highly efficacious, stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity along with long lasting antibody memory response. There was significant increase in antibody titers (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and IgM), lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine levels. Immunized groups showed marked reduction in organ bacterial load, fecal shedding and pronounced protection (upto 80%) as compared to unimmunized controls after challenge with S. typhimurium. Our results demonstrate the huge potential of DnaK peptide vaccine candidates (DP1, DP5 and DP7) to accord protective immunity with significant increase in survivability against Salmonella infection in mice, thus commending these molecules as promising agents to tackle typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Kaushlesh Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Anju Bansal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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Hui WW, Emerson LE, Clapp B, Sheppe AE, Sharma J, del Castillo J, Ou M, Maegawa GHB, Hoffman C, Larkin, III J, Pascual DW, Ferraro MJ. Antigen-encapsulating host extracellular vesicles derived from Salmonella-infected cells stimulate pathogen-specific Th1-type responses in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009465. [PMID: 33956909 PMCID: PMC8101724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a causative agent of nontyphoidal salmonellosis, for which there is a lack of a clinically approved vaccine in humans. As an intracellular pathogen, Salmonella impacts many cellular pathways. However, the intercellular communication mechanism facilitated by host-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, is an overlooked aspect of the host responses to this infection. We used a comprehensive proteome-based network analysis of exosomes derived from Salmonella-infected macrophages to identify host molecules that are trafficked via these EVs. This analysis predicted that the host-derived small EVs generated during macrophage infection stimulate macrophages and promote activation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. We identified that exosomes generated during infection contain Salmonella proteins, including unique antigens previously shown to stimulate protective immune responses against Salmonella in murine studies. Furthermore, we showed that host EVs formed upon infection stimulate a mucosal immune response against Salmonella infection when delivered intranasally to BALB/c mice, a route of antigen administration known to initiate mucosal immunity. Specifically, the administration of these vesicles to animals stimulated the production of anti-Salmonella IgG antibodies, such as anti-OmpA antibodies. Exosomes also stimulated antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity. In particular, splenic mononuclear cells isolated from mice administered with exosomes derived from Salmonella-infected antigen-presenting cells increased CD4+ T cells secreting Th1-type cytokines in response to Salmonella antigens. These results demonstrate that small EVs, formed during infection, contribute to Th1 cell bias in the anti-Salmonella responses. Collectively, this study helps to unravel the role of host-derived small EVs as vehicles transmitting antigens to induce Th1-type immunity against Gram-negative bacteria. Understanding the EV-mediated defense mechanisms will allow the development of future approaches to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W. Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Emerson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Austin E. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jatin Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johanna del Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gustavo H. B. Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joseph Larkin, III
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David W. Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mariola J. Ferraro
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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García-López M, Lens S, Pallett LJ, Testoni B, Rodríguez-Tajes S, Mariño Z, Bartres C, García-Pras E, Leonel T, Perpiñán E, Lozano JJ, Rodríguez-Frías F, Koutsoudakis G, Zoulim F, Maini MK, Forns X, Pérez-Del-Pulgar S. Viral and immune factors associated with successful treatment withdrawal in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1064-1074. [PMID: 33278456 PMCID: PMC8062913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Factors associated with a successful outcome upon nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment withdrawal in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have yet to be clarified. The objective of this study was to analyse the HBV-specific T cell response, in parallel with peripheral and intrahepatic viral parameters, in patients undergoing NA discontinuation. METHODS Twenty-seven patients without cirrhosis with HBeAg-negative CHB with complete viral suppression (>3 years) were studied prospectively. Intrahepatic HBV-DNA (iHBV-DNA), intrahepatic HBV-RNA (iHBV-RNA), and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were quantified at baseline. Additionally, serum markers (HBV-DNA, HBsAg, HBV core-related antigen [HBcrAg] and HBV-RNA) and HBV-specific T cell responses were analysed at baseline and longitudinally throughout follow-up. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 34 months, 22/27 patients (82%) remained off-therapy, of whom 8 patients (30% of the total cohort) lost HBsAg. Baseline HBsAg significantly correlated with iHBV-DNA and iHBV-RNA, and these parameters were lower in patients who lost HBsAg. All patients had similar levels of detectable cccDNA regardless of their clinical outcome. Patients achieving functional cure had baseline HBsAg levels ≤1,000 IU/ml. Similarly, an increased frequency of functional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells at baseline was associated with sustained viral control off treatment. These HBV-specific T cell responses persisted, but did not increase, after treatment withdrawal. A similar, but not statistically significant trend, was observed for HBV-specific CD4+ T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS Decreased cccDNA transcription and low HBsAg levels are associated with HBsAg loss upon NA discontinuation in patients with HBeAg-negative CHB. The presence of functional HBV-specific T cells at baseline are associated with a successful outcome after treatment withdrawal. LAY SUMMARY Nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy can be discontinued in a high proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients without cirrhosis. The strength of HBV-specific immune T cell responses may contribute to successful viral control after antiviral treatment interruption. Our comprehensive study provides in-depth data on virological and immunological factors than can help guide individualised therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia García-López
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Lens
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052-Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, CRCL, Lyon, France
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Tajes
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoe Mariño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Bartres
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester García-Pras
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Leonel
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Perpiñán
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Liver Pathology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Koutsoudakis
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052-Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon, UMR_S1052, CRCL, Lyon, France
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sofía Pérez-Del-Pulgar
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Nkambule BB. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the regulation of programmed cell death-1 on T-cells in type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25488. [PMID: 33847657 PMCID: PMC8052060 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess T-cell exhaustion mediated by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS MEDLINE and ProQuest electronic databases were searched for eligible studies from inception up to February 2020. The risk of bias and the quality of evidence were independently assessed by two reviewers using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool, respectively. The random effects model was used to calculate effect estimates. RESULTS We identified 5 studies involving 380 participants which met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates showed elevated T helper cell exhaustion in patients with T2D in comparison to controls (mean difference [MD]: 2.57% [95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.84, 8.97]; I2 = 100%, P < .00001). Likewise, T2D patients had increased levels of cytotoxic T-cells exhaustion (MD: 3.09% [95% CI: -12.96, 19.14]; I2 = 100%, P < .00001). Although the upregulation of PD-1 on T-cells did not affect glucose metabolism-related profiles, it was associated with inflammation and the development of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In patients living with T2D, immune dysfunction is at least in part due to T-cell exhaustion mediated by the upregulation of PD-1 expression. Therefore, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy may be beneficial in restoring immune function in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
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Khan S, Masood M, Gaur H, Ahmad S, Syed MA. Long non-coding RNA: An immune cells perspective. Life Sci 2021; 271:119152. [PMID: 33548285 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were considered as accumulated genetic waste until they were found to be gene expression regulators by highly sensitive modern genomics platforms. It is a huge class of non-coding transcripts with an arbitrary length of >200 nucleotides, which has gained much attention in the past few years. Increasing evidence from several experimental studies unraveled the expression of lncRNA linked to immune response and disease progression. However, only a small number of lncRNAs have robust evidence of their function. Differential expression of lncRNAs in different immune cells is also evident. In this review, we focused on how lncRNAs expression assist in shaping immune cells (Macrophages, Dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, B cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and microglial cells) function and their response to the diseased conditions. Emerging evidence revealed lncRNAs may serve as key regulators in the innate and adaptive immune response system. So, the molecular mechanism insight into the function of lncRNAs in immune response may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic targets for various disease treatments. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the expression of lncRNAs and understand its relevance associated with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Masood
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshita Gaur
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Chukwudozie OS, Gray CM, Fagbayi TA, Chukwuanukwu RC, Oyebanji VO, Bankole TT, Adewole RA, Daniel EM. Immuno-informatics design of a multimeric epitope peptide based vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248061. [PMID: 33730022 PMCID: PMC7968690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an efficacious vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to stemming COVID-19 fatalities and providing the global community with immune protection. We have used a bioinformatic approach to aid in designing an epitope peptide-based vaccine against the spike protein of the virus. Five antigenic B cell epitopes with viable antigenicity and a total of 27 discontinuous B cell epitopes were mapped out structurally in the spike protein for antibody recognition. We identified eight CD8+ T cell 9-mers and 12 CD4+ T cell 14-15-mer as promising candidate epitopes putatively restricted by a large number of MHC I and II alleles, respectively. We used this information to construct an in silico chimeric peptide vaccine whose translational rate was highly expressed when cloned in pET28a (+) vector. With our In silico test, the vaccine construct was predicted to elicit high antigenicity and cell-mediated immunity when given as a homologous prime-boost, triggering of toll-like receptor 5 by the adjuvant linker. The vaccine was also characterized by an increase in IgM and IgG and an array of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Upon in silico challenge with SARS-CoV-2, there was a decrease in antigen levels using our immune simulations. We, therefore, propose that potential vaccine designs consider this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive M. Gray
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tawakalt A. Fagbayi
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Rebecca C. Chukwuanukwu
- Immunology Unit, Medical Laboratory Science Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Victor O. Oyebanji
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo T. Bankole
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Richard A. Adewole
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Eze M. Daniel
- Public Health Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Adamczyk A, Pastille E, Kehrmann J, Vu VP, Geffers R, Wasmer MH, Kasper S, Schuler M, Lange CM, Muggli B, Rau TT, Klein D, Hansen W, Krebs P, Buer J, Westendorf AM. GPR15 Facilitates Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells to Promote Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2970-2982. [PMID: 33727229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Despite considerable progress in early detection and treatment, there is still an unmet need for novel antitumor therapies, particularly in advanced colorectal cancer. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are increased in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, transient ablation of tumor-associated Tregs was shown to foster CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in murine colorectal cancer models. However, before considering therapies on targeting Tregs in patients with cancer, detailed knowledge of the phenotype and features of tumor-associated Tregs is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer that tumor-associated Tregs are mainly of thymic origin and equipped with a specific set of molecules strongly associated with enhanced migratory properties. Particularly, a dense infiltration of Tregs in mouse and human colorectal cancer lesions correlated with increased expression of the orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 on these cells. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that tumor-associated GPR15+ Tregs have a Th17-like phenotype, thereby producing IL17 and TNFα. Gpr15 deficiency repressed Treg infiltration in colorectal cancer, which paved the way for enhanced antitumoral CD8+ T-cell immunity and reduced tumorigenesis. In conclusion, GPR15 represents a promising novel target for modifying T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The G protein-coupled receptor 15, an unconventional chemokine receptor, directs Tregs into the colon, thereby modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting intestinal tumorigenesis.See related commentary by Chakraborty and Zappasodi, p. 2817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adamczyk
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Pastille
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie-Hélène Wasmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beat Muggli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Buer
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Giotakis AI, Dudas J, Glueckert R, Dejaco D, Ingruber J, Fleischer F, Innerhofer V, Pinggera L, Bektic-Tadic L, Gabriel SAM, Riechelmann H. Characterization of epithelial cells, connective tissue cells and immune cells in human upper airway mucosa by immunofluorescence multichannel image cytometry: a pilot study. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:405-421. [PMID: 33251550 PMCID: PMC8021535 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial, connective tissue and immune cells contribute in various ways to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, data of their distribution in upper airway mucosa are sparse. We aimed to provide quantitative, purely informative data on the distribution of these cell lineages and their coexpression patterns, which might help identifying, e.g., cells in the epithelium undergoing through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For this purpose, we used immunofluorescence multichannel image cytometry (IMIC). We examined fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE) of six patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and of three patients without CRS (controls). The direct-conjugated antibodies pancytokeratin, vimentin and CD45/CD18 were used for coexpression analysis in epithelial layer and lamina propria. Image acquisition and analysis were performed with TissueFAXS and StrataQuest, respectively. To distinguish positive from negative expression, a ratio between cell-specific immunostaining intensity and background was developed. Isotype controls were used as negative controls. Per patient, a 4.5-mm2 tissue area was scanned and a median of 14,875 cells was recognized. The most common cell types were cytokeratin-single-positive (26%), vimentin-single-positive (13%) and CD45/CD18-single-positive with CD45/CD18-vimentin-double-positive cells (29%). In the patients with CRS, CD45/CD18-single-positive cells were 3-6 times higher compared to the control patients. In the epithelial layer, cytokeratin-vimentin-double-positive EMT cells were observed 3-5 times higher in the patients with CRS than in the control patients. This study provided quantitative data for the distribution of crucial cell types in CRS. Future studies may focus on the distribution and coexpression patterns of different immune cells in CRS or even cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris I Giotakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Ingruber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Fleischer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Innerhofer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leyla Pinggera
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ljilja Bektic-Tadic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah A M Gabriel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wang X, Zhang C, Wang S, Rashu R, Thomas R, Yang J, Yang X. SND1 promotes Th1/17 immunity against chlamydial lung infection through enhancing dendritic cell function. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009295. [PMID: 33635920 PMCID: PMC7946287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no reports have linked the multifunctional protein, staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1), to host defense against intracellular infections. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of SND1, by using SND1 knockout (SND1-/-) mice, in host defense against the lung infection of Chlamydia muridarum, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Our data showed that SND1-/- mice exhibited significantly greater body weight loss, higher organism growth, and more severe pathological changes compared with wild-type mice following the infection. Further analysis showed significantly reduced Chlamydia-specific Th1/17 immune responses in SND1-/- mice after infection. Interestingly, the dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from SND1-/- mice showed lower costimulatory molecules expression and IL-12 production, but higher IL-10 production compared with those from wild-type control mice. In the DC-T cell co-culture system, DCs isolated from SND1-/- infected mice showed significantly reduced ability to promote Chlamydia-specific IFN-γ producing Th1 cells but enhanced capacity to induce CD4+T cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of DCs isolated from SND1-/- mice, unlike those from wild-type control mice, failed to protect the recipients against challenge infection. These findings provide in vivo evidence that SND1 plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacterial infection, and suggest that SND1 can promote Th1/17 immunity and inhibit the expansion of Treg cells through modulation of the function of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shuhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Rony Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail: (JY); (XY)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail: (JY); (XY)
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Liu S, Wu M, A E, Wu S, Geng S, Li Z, Li M, Li L, Pang Y, Kang W, Tang S. Factors associated with differential T cell responses to antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24615. [PMID: 33663071 PMCID: PMC7909155 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-SPOT.TB assay detects cellular immune responses to 2 core Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, early secreted antigenic target of 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10). T-SPOT.TB has been recently used for auxiliary diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, testing can produce inconsistent results due to differential PTB patient immune responses to these antigens, prompting us to identify factors underlying inconsistent results.Data were retrospectively analyzed from 1225 confirmed PTB patients who underwent T-SPOT.TB testing at 5 specialized tuberculosis hospitals in China between December 2012 and November 2015. Numbers of spot-forming cells (SFCs) reflecting T cell responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens were recorded then analyzed via multivariable logistic regression to reveal factors underlying discordant T cell responses to these antigens.The agreement rate of 84.98% (82.85%-86.94%) between PTB patient ESAT-6 and CFP-10 responses demonstrated high concordance. Additionally, positivity rates were higher for ESAT-6 than for CFP-10 (84.8% vs 80.7%, P < .001), with ESAT-6 and CFP-10 microwell SFC numbers for each single positive group not differing significantly (P > .99), while spot numbers of the single positive group were lower than numbers for the double positive group (P < .001). Elderly patients (aged ≥66 years) and patients receiving retreatment were most likely to have discordance results.ESAT-6 promoted significantly more positive T-SPOT.TB results than did CFP-10 in PTB patients. Advanced age and retreatment status were correlated with discordant ESAT-6 and CFP-10 results. Assessment of factors underlying discordance may lead to improved PTB diagnosis using T-SPOT.TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing
| | | | - Ertai A
- Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | | | | | | | - Mingwu Li
- Kunming 3rd People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Li
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing
| | - Yu Pang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing
| | - Wanli Kang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing
| | - Shenjie Tang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing
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Bonifacius A, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Dragon AC, Gussarow D, Vogel A, Krettek U, Gödecke N, Yilmaz M, Kraft ARM, Hoeper MM, Pink I, Schmidt JJ, Li Y, Welte T, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Martens J, Berger MM, Lobenwein C, Stankov MV, Cornberg M, David S, Behrens GMN, Witzke O, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. COVID-19 immune signatures reveal stable antiviral T cell function despite declining humoral responses. Immunity 2021; 54:340-354.e6. [PMID: 33567252 PMCID: PMC7871825 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to control primary infection and correlates with severity of disease. The role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity, its relationship to antibodies, and pre-existing immunity against endemic coronaviruses (huCoV), which has been hypothesized to be protective, were investigated in 82 healthy donors (HDs), 204 recovered (RCs), and 92 active COVID-19 patients (ACs). ACs had high amounts of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike IgG but lymphopenia and overall reduced antiviral T cell responses due to the inflammatory milieu, expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-1, Tim-3) as well as effector caspase-3, -7, and -8 activity in T cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity conferred by polyfunctional, mainly interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells remained stable throughout convalescence, whereas humoral responses declined. Immune responses toward huCoV in RCs with mild disease and strong cellular SARS-CoV-2 T cell reactivity imply a protective role of pre-existing immunity against huCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna C Dragon
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Gussarow
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krettek
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Pink
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Julius J Schmidt
- Department of Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Martens
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Moritz Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Lobenwein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Department of Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Yanagawa S, Tahara H, Shirouzu T, Kawai S, Tanaka Y, Ide K, Akimoto S, Ohdan H. Development of a humanized mouse model to analyze antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236614. [PMID: 33544740 PMCID: PMC7864411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In organ transplantation, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatch grafts not only induce the activation of cellular mediated immune response but also the development of chronic antibody-mediated rejection due to the donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) produced by B cells and plasma cells interacting with the graft endothelium. Significant improvement in long-term survival after transplantation can be expected if antibody-mediated rejection due to the DSA can be overcome. However, the mechanism of producing or controlling the DSA remains to be elucidated. In recent decades, “humanized” mouse models have been widely used for the basic research of human immune systems, but a humanized mouse model to analyze the mechanism of DSA production has not been established yet. Thus, we aimed to create a humanized mouse using a severe immunodeficiency mouse (NSG mouse) administered with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Initially, we detected a very low level of human total-IgG and no anti-HLA antibodies (Abs) in these mice. In our next attempt, we mixed PBMCs of various HLA antigenic combinations with or without regulatory T cells and preconditioned them by culturing on feeder cells stably transfected with human CD40 ligand (h-CD40L) alone or with h-CD40L and human B cell activating factor (h-BAFF). They were subsequently co-cultured with the corresponding irradiated stimulator PBMCs, and all cells were administered into naïve NSG mice. Although all three humanized models had sufficient human total-IgG and anti-HLA antibody production, allospecific anti-HLA Ab production was prominently suppressed whereas non-specific anti-HLA Abs were sufficiently detected. Therefore, this novel humanized mouse model might be useful for analyzing the mechanism of anti-allogeneic human B cell tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senichiro Yanagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takayuki Shirouzu
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawai
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
Many diseases, including cancers, AIDS, diabetes, asthma, Parkinson's, and lymphoma, are associated with the immune cell responses of patients suffering from them. Identifying the underlying immune response in such diseases is critical to correctly diagnose their root cause and determine the correct medications to target that root cause for personal therapy and immunotherapy. This work focuses on small molecular CF dyes to conjugate with antibodies, such as CD4 and CD19, for their application in flow cytometry. The CF dyes enable the expansion of flow cytometry reagent panels to support high dimensional flow cytometry analysis of the resulting emissions of 30-40 fluorescent colors, a record in flow cytometry. The CF dyes can be used along with existing flow cytometry dyes to provide a quick, accurate, and cost-effective method for the diagnosis and immunology treatment of diseases such as minimal residual disease (MRD) after cancer therapy. The CF dyes will also be an effective tool for the clinical studies of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the related vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Biotium Inc., 46117 Landing Pkwy, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Fei Mao
- Biotium Inc., 46117 Landing Pkwy, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Xingyong Wu
- Cytek Biosciences Inc., 46107 Landing Pkwy, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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47
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Dai W, Rao R, Sher A, Tania N, Musante CJ, Allen R. A Prototype QSP Model of the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 for Community Development. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2021; 10:18-29. [PMID: 33217169 PMCID: PMC7753647 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic requires the rapid development of efficacious treatments for patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models are mathematical representations of pathophysiology for simulating and predicting the effects of existing or putative therapies. The application of model-based approaches, including QSP, have accelerated the development of some novel therapeutics. Nevertheless, the development of disease-scale mechanistic models can be a slow process, often taking years to be validated and considered mature. Furthermore, emerging data may make any QSP model quickly obsolete. We present a prototype QSP model to facilitate further development by the scientific community. The model accounts for the interactions between viral dynamics, the major host immune response mediators and tissue damage and regeneration. The immune response is determined by viral activation of innate and adaptive immune processes that regulate viral clearance and cell damage. The prototype model captures two physiologically relevant outcomes following infection: a "healthy" immune response that appropriately defends against the virus, and an uncontrolled alveolar inflammatory response that is characteristic of acute respiratory distress syndrome. We aim to significantly shorten the typical QSP model development and validation timeline by encouraging community use, testing, and refinement of this prototype model. It is our expectation that the model will be further advanced in an open science approach (i.e., by multiple contributions toward a validated quantitative platform in an open forum), with the ultimate goal of informing and accelerating the development of safe and effective treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anna Sher
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nessy Tania
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cynthia J. Musante
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Allen
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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48
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Tewari R, Shayahati B, Fan Y, Akimzhanov AM. T cell receptor-dependent S-acylation of ZAP-70 controls activation of T cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100311. [PMID: 33482200 PMCID: PMC7949058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ZAP-70 is a tyrosine kinase essential for T cell immune responses. Upon engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR), ZAP-70 is recruited to the specialized plasma membrane domains, becomes activated, and is released to phosphorylate its laterally segregated targets. A shift in ZAP-70 distribution at the plasma membrane is recognized as a critical step in TCR signal transduction and amplification. However, the molecular mechanism supporting stimulation-dependent plasma membrane compartmentalization of ZAP-70 remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified previously uncharacterized lipidation (S-acylation) of ZAP-70 using Acyl-Biotin Exchange assay, a technique that selectively captures S-acylated proteins. We found that this posttranslational modification of ZAP-70 is dispensable for its enzymatic activity. However, the lipidation-deficient mutant of ZAP-70 failed to propagate the TCR pathway suggesting that S-acylation is essential for ZAP-70 interaction with its protein substrates. The kinetics of ZAP-70 S-acylation were consistent with TCR signaling events indicating that agonist-induced S-acylation is a part of the signaling mechanism controlling T cell activation and function. Taken together, our results suggest that TCR-induced S-acylation of ZAP-70 can serve as a critical regulator of T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Tewari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Bieerkehazhi Shayahati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, USA
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA.
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49
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Ren X, Wang X, Ge Z, Cui S, Chen Z. Clinical features and corresponding immune function status of recurrent viral polymerase chain reaction positivity in patients with COVID-19 : A meta- analysis and systematic review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211027679. [PMID: 34162269 PMCID: PMC8236784 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211027679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Since then, several studies have found COVID-19 patients with recurrent viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity. METHODS On May 6, 2021, an exhaustive literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, Embase, Wan Fang Data, VIP database, Sinomed database, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and Research Square was conducted to find describing the laboratory indicators of recurrent and non-recurrent viral PCR positivity in patients with COVID-19. The data were statistically analyzed using STATA version 15.0. RESULTS In total, 22 studies-comprising 5154 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases-were included in the analyses. Patients with less severe COVID-19 illness (i.e. those clinically classified as mild or common-type) seemed to exhibit recurrent PCR positivity more commonly than patients with more severe illness (i.e. those classified as severe or critical). There were also significant differences between the two groups in terms of the rates of headaches and dizziness, in addition to the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, C reactive protein, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase. Further, there were variations in the ratio of CD4+ T cells/CD8+ T cells on admission to the hospital. CONCLUSION In comparison to COVID-19 patients with non-recurrent viral PCR positivity, patients with recurrent virus PCR positivity seem to experience more severe immune function suppression upon hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziruo Ge
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Cui
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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50
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:73-86. [PMID: 33340034 PMCID: PMC7890948 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate models will expedite therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to clinical trials. Here, we compare acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old rhesus macaques, baboons and old marmosets. Macaques had clinical signs of viral infection, mild to moderate pneumonitis and extra-pulmonary pathologies, and both age groups recovered in two weeks. Baboons had prolonged viral RNA shedding and substantially more lung inflammation compared with macaques. Inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in old versus young baboons. Using techniques including computed tomography imaging, immunophenotyping, and alveolar/peripheral cytokine response and immunohistochemical analyses, we delineated cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaque and baboon lungs, including innate and adaptive immune cells and a prominent type-I interferon response. Macaques developed T-cell memory phenotypes/responses and bystander cytokine production. Old macaques had lower titres of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels compared with young macaques. Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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