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Lee J, Tang JCY, Dutton J, Dunn R, Fraser WD, Enright K, Clark DR, Stewart CE, Erskine RM. The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g versus 15 g and 0 g hydrolyzed collagen in resistance-trained young men. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)72738-7. [PMID: 38007183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon but there is limited and equivocal evidence regarding an effect of collagen supplementation and exercise on collagen synthesis. Furthermore, it is not known if a dose-response exists regarding the effect of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) ingestion and RE on collagen synthesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the HC dose-response effect on collagen synthesis following high-intensity RE in resistance-trained young men. METHODS Using a double-blind, randomized cross-over design, 10 resistance-trained men (age: 26±3 years; height: 1.77±0.04 m; mass: 79.7±7.0 kg) ingested 0g, 15g or 30g HC with 50mg vitamin C 1h prior to performing four sets' barbell back-squat RE at 10-repetition maximum load, after which they rested for six hours. Blood samples were collected throughout each of the three interventions to analyse procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide (PⅠNP) and β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) concentration, and the concentration of 18 collagen amino acids. RESULTS The serum PⅠNP concentration×time area-under-the-curve (AUC) was greater for 30g (267±79 μg∙L-1∙h) than 15g (235±70 μg∙L-1∙h, P=0.039) and 0g HC (219±88 μg∙L-1∙h, P=0.005) but there was no difference between 0g and 15g HC (P=0.675). The AUCs of glycine and proline were greater for 30g than for 15g and 0g HC (P<0.05). Plasma β-CTX concentration decreased from -1h to +6h (P<0.05), with no differences between interventions. CONCLUSION The greater PINP AUC suggests 30g HC ingested prior to high-intensity RE augments whole body collagen synthesis more than 15g and 0g HC in resistance-trained young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Lee
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - John Dutton
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kevin Enright
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Clark
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Zhang YN, Paynter J, Antanasijevic A, Allen JD, Eldad M, Lee YZ, Copps J, Newby ML, He L, Chavez D, Frost P, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Lanford R, Chen C, Wilson IA, Crispin M, Ward AB, Zhu J. Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 37031217 PMCID: PMC10082823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) design can stabilize diverse HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs). Single-component, self-assembling protein nanoparticles (1c-SApNP) can display 8 or 20 native-like Env trimers as vaccine candidates. We characterize the biophysical, structural, and antigenic properties of 1c-SApNPs that present the BG505 UFO trimer with wildtype and modified glycans. For 1c-SApNPs, glycan trimming improves recognition of the CD4 binding site without affecting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to major glycan epitopes. In mice, rabbits, and nonhuman primates, glycan trimming increases the frequency of vaccine responders (FVR) and steers antibody responses away from immunodominant glycan holes and glycan patches. The mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity is examined in mice. Compared with the UFO trimer, the multilayered E2p and I3-01v9 1c-SApNPs show 420 times longer retention in lymph node follicles, 20-32 times greater presentation on follicular dendritic cell dendrites, and up-to-4 times stronger germinal center reactions. These findings can inform future HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Paynter
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Pat Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Robert Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Kim IJ, Lanthier PA, Clark MJ, De La Barrera RA, Tighe MP, Szaba FM, Travis KL, Low-Beer TC, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Bernacki DT, Johnson LL, Schneck AA, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Layne-Colon D, Mdaki SD, Dick EJ, Chuba C, Gonzalez O, Brasky KM, Dutton J, Rutherford JN, Coffey LL, Singapuri A, Martin CSS, Chiu CY, Thomas SJ, Modjarrad K, Patterson JL, Blackman MA. Author Correction: Efficacy of an inactivated Zika vaccine against virus infection during pregnancy in mice and marmosets. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:99. [PMID: 35987764 PMCID: PMC9392767 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
| | - Paula A. Lanthier
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Madeline J. Clark
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Rafael A. De La Barrera
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Michael P. Tighe
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Frank M. Szaba
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Kelsey L. Travis
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Timothy C. Low-Beer
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Tres S. Cookenham
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Kathleen G. Lanzer
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Derek T. Bernacki
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Lawrence L. Johnson
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Amanda A. Schneck
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Stephanie D. Mdaki
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Edward J. Dick
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Colin Chuba
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Kathleen M. Brasky
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - John Dutton
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Julienne N. Rutherford
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez San Martin
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Stephen J. Thomas
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Marcia A. Blackman
- grid.250945.f0000 0004 0462 7513Trudeau Institute, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA
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Collier ZJ, Kanmounye US, Naidu P, Tapia MF, Bustamante A, Bradley D, Msokera C, Dutton J, Magee WP, Gillenwater J. 59 Burns in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scientometric Analysis of Peer-reviewed Research. J Burn Care Res 2022. [PMCID: PMC8945890 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac012.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 70% of all global burns. Due to this significantly disproportionate burden, it’s critical we identify barriers to burn care and prevention in LMICs. As a result, this study aimed to elucidate trends in LMIC-related burn research to create focused strategies for burn care training, research, and innovation. Accomplishing meaningful change from the study’s findings will be guided by the first 4 steps of Dr. John Kotter’s “8-Step Process for Leading Change” – 1) create urgency for change, 2) build a guiding team, 3) develop a vision and plan, 4) communicate with key stakeholders to obtain buy-in. Methods Web of Science’s 7 citation databases were searched through March 2, 2021 using synonyms of “burns” and “low- and middle-income countries.” After screening articles, metadata were uploaded to VOSviewer (Leiden, Netherlands) where citation and network metrics were generated. The Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression were used for bivariable and multivariable analysis of factors influencing publications, citations, and total link strength (TLS) – the strength of association between a given research article, other articles, and additional institutions. Results Bibliometric analysis identified 2,027 articles by 8,602 authors in 692 journals. Two-thirds of journals published a single article (n=453, 65.5%) whereas only 3.6% published ≥10 articles. One-quarter of LMIC burn research was published in ISBI’s Burns (n=417 articles, 20.6%) and ABA’s Journal of Burn Care & Research (n=89 articles, 4.4%). Most authors published < 5 articles (n=8521, 99.1%) but 19 (0.2%) had published ≥10. Authors were affiliated with 2,519 organizations in 132 countries. There was a strong positive correlation between total publications and citations (R=0.87, P< 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the number of publications (P=0.003, 0.07), citations (P=0.005, 0.03), and TLS (P=0.009, 0.008) by geographic and economic categories - North America had the highest while Latin American and the Caribbean had the lowest. The USA (n = 563), India (n = 161), and China (n = 154) published the most articles. Conclusions Given the disproportionate representation of high-income countries and authors in the current LMIC burn research landscape, there must be a sense of urgency to develop pathways for facilitating change. Local and regional candidates for mentors and leaders were identified using bibliometric findings. Assembling teams with these individuals and prolific authors using a well-defined vision for change will facilitate sustainable communication and collaboration within LMIC research. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Collier
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Ulrick S Kanmounye
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Priyanka Naidu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Maria Fernanda Tapia
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Atenas Bustamante
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Daniel Bradley
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Chifundo Msokera
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - John Dutton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - William P Magee
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Justin Gillenwater
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Operation Smile DRC, Kinshasa, Kinshasa; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape; Operation Smile Colombia, Bogota, Cundinamarca; Operation Smile Peru, Lima, Lima; Operation Smile UK, London, England; Operation Smile Malawi, Lilongwe, Lilongwe; 6. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
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Wangdi JT, O'Leary MF, Kelly VG, Jackman SR, Tang JCY, Dutton J, Bowtell JL. Tart Cherry Supplement Enhances Skeletal Muscle Glutathione Peroxidase Expression and Functional Recovery after Muscle Damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:609-621. [PMID: 34772901 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) supplementation enhances functional recovery from exercise, potentially due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, to date, supporting empirical evidence for these mechanistic hypotheses is reliant on indirect blood biomarkers. This study is the first to investigate functional recovery from exercise alongside molecular changes within the exercised muscle following MCC supplementation. METHODS Ten participants completed two maximal unilateral eccentric knee extension trials following MCC or placebo supplementation for 7 days prior to and 48 hours following exercise. Knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), maximal isokinetic contractions, single leg jumps, and soreness measures were assessed before, immediately, 24 and 48 h after exercise. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected at each time point. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, and phenolic acids were quantified. Intramuscular mRNA expression of SOD 1 and 3, GPX1, 3, 4 and 7, Catalase, and Nrf2 and relative intramuscular protein expression of SOD1, Catalase and GPX3 were quantified. RESULTS MCC supplementation enhanced recovery of normalized MVC 1 s average compared to placebo (Post- Exercise PLA: 59.5 ± 18.0% vs MCC: 76.5 ± 13.9%; 24 h PLA: 69.8 ± 15.9% vs MCC: 80.5 ± 15.3%; supplementation effect p = 0.024). MCC supplementation increased plasma hydroxybenzoic, hippuric and vanillic acid concentrations (supplementation effect p = 0.028, p = 0.002, p = 0.003); SOD3, GPX3, GPX4, GPX7 (supplement effect p < 0.05) and GPX1 (interaction effect p = 0.017) gene expression; and GPX3 protein expression (supplementation effect p = 0.004) versus placebo. There were no significant differences between conditions for other outcome measures. CONCLUSION MCC supplementation conserved isometric muscle strength and upregulated antioxidant gene and protein expression in parallel with increased phenolic acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T Wangdi
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Safarova M, Gorby L, Dutton J, Nugent A, Moriarty PM. Progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients treated with lipoprotein apheresis: real-world evidence over 12 years. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The extent of intervention effects on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) can predict the degree of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction. There is limited evidence of long-term effects of lipoprotein apheresis on the CIMT progression.
Purpose
We hypothesized that regular lipoprotein apheresis over the course of 10 years may slow down progression of CIMT in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia.
Methods
This case series describes ten Caucasian patients (mean age 60±9 years, 70% female, 80% statin intolerant) with familial hypercholesterolemia and/or hyperlipoproteinemia(a) treated with lipoprotein apheresis at a single academic center between 2005 and 2020. The mean and maximum diastolic CIMT of the distal 1 cm of the far wall of the right and left common carotid arteries was measured by the same, trained sonographer utilizing an automated border-detection algorithm.
Results
The median pre-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was 214 mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 145 to 248), lipoprotein(a), 26 mg/dL (15 to 109; 40% with lipoprotein(a) >60 mg/dL). Using the imputed trajectories, period-specific on-treatment time-weighted averages for LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) were 141 mg/dL (IQR, 89 to 152) and 24 mg/dL (IQR, 12 to 119), respectively. The baseline mean CIMT was 850±170μm and maximum CIMT was 1040±220μm across the age range of 46 to 70 years. Over a median duration of 12 years, regular treatment with lipoprotein apheresis resulted in an average reduction in the mean CIMT of −40μm (IQR, −50 to 20) and maximum CIMT −30μm (IQR, −60 to −10). Among tested lipid and lipoprotein fractions in this sample, the follow-up mean CIMT values strongly correlated only with the baseline lipoprotein(a) levels. Median CIMT progression rates were as follows: mean common carotid, −4μm/y (IQR, −9 to 1), mean common carotid, −12μm/3y (IQR, −26 to 4), maximal common carotid, −3μm/y (IQR, −8 to −1). This translated into 70% (7/10) of cases demonstrating composite mean CIMT below their expected chronologic age, gender and race-stratified vascular age. There was a strong direct correlation between the mean CIMT value at the end of the treatment period and the age of treatment initiation. In this cohort of primary and secondary prevention of patients with severe hypercholesterolemia, the overall rate of ASCVD was 37.5 per 1000 person-years while on lipoprotein apheresis.
Conclusions
Our observation performed in the clinical setting, demonstrated a real-world effectiveness of lipoprotein apheresis. This analysis supports implementation of aggressive lipid-modifying strategies across all ages. Surveillance with CIMT allows for continued monitoring of atherosclerosis progression and increases compliance with the lipid-modifying therapies in the high-risk patients with poor statin tolerance in the clinical setting.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): KUMC
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safarova
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - L Gorby
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Pharmacology, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - J Dutton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Pharmacology, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - A Nugent
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Pharmacology, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - P M Moriarty
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Pharmacology, Kansas City, United States of America
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7
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Author Correction: Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:413. [PMID: 33462437 PMCID: PMC7812341 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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8
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:73-86. [PMID: 33340034 PMCID: PMC7890948 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate models will expedite therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to clinical trials. Here, we compare acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old rhesus macaques, baboons and old marmosets. Macaques had clinical signs of viral infection, mild to moderate pneumonitis and extra-pulmonary pathologies, and both age groups recovered in two weeks. Baboons had prolonged viral RNA shedding and substantially more lung inflammation compared with macaques. Inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in old versus young baboons. Using techniques including computed tomography imaging, immunophenotyping, and alveolar/peripheral cytokine response and immunohistochemical analyses, we delineated cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaque and baboon lungs, including innate and adaptive immune cells and a prominent type-I interferon response. Macaques developed T-cell memory phenotypes/responses and bystander cytokine production. Old macaques had lower titres of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels compared with young macaques. Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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9
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Dutton J, Zardab M, De Braal VJF, Hariharan D, MacDonald N, Hallworth S, Hutchins R, Bhattacharya S, Abraham A, Kocher HM, Yip VS. The accuracy of pre-operative (P)-POSSUM scoring and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in predicting morbidity and mortality after pancreatic and liver surgery: A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 62:1-9. [PMID: 33489107 PMCID: PMC7804364 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiopulmonary exercise-testing (CPET) and the (Portsmouth) Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity ((P)-POSSUM) are used as pre-operative risk stratification and audit tools in general surgery, however, both have been demonstrated to have limitations in major hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Materials and methods The aim of this review is to determine if CPET and (P)-POSSUM scoring systems accurately predict morbidity and mortality. Eligible articles were identified with an electronic database search. Analysis according to surgery type and tool used was performed. Results Twenty-five studies were included in the final review. POSSUM predicted morbidity demonstrated weighted O/E ratios of 0.75(95%CI0.57–0.97) in hepatic surgery and 0.85(95%CI0.8–0.9) in pancreatic surgery. P-POSSUM predicted mortality in pancreatic surgery demonstrated an O/E ratio of 0.75(95%CI0.27–2.13) and 0.94(95%CI0.57–1.55) in hepatic surgery. In both pancreatic and hepatic surgery an anaerobic threshold(AT) of between 9 0.5–11.5 ml/kg/min was predictive of post-operative complications, and in pancreatic surgery ventilatory equivalence of carbon dioxide(˙VE/˙VCO2) was predictive of 30-day mortality. Conclusion POSSUM demonstrates an overall lack of predictive fit for morbidity, whilst CPET variables provide some predictive power for post-operative outcomes. Development of a new HPB specific risk prediction tool would be beneficial; the combination of parameters from POSSUM and CPET, alongside HPB specific markers could overcome current limitations. Current pre-operative scoring for pancreatic and liver surgery is inaccurate. In pancreatic and liver surgery anaerobic threshold scores were predictive of complications. In pancreatic surgery ventilatory equivalence of carbon dioxide was predictive of mortality. P-POSSUM is inaccurate for predicting mortality and morbidity in pancreatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - N MacDonald
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust Whitechapel, E1 1BB, UK
| | - S Hallworth
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust Whitechapel, E1 1BB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - V S Yip
- Barts and London HPB Centre, UK
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10
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Baum A, Ajithdoss D, Copin R, Zhou A, Lanza K, Negron N, Ni M, Wei Y, Mohammadi K, Musser B, Atwal GS, Oyejide A, Goez-Gazi Y, Dutton J, Clemmons E, Staples HM, Bartley C, Klaffke B, Alfson K, Gazi M, Gonzalez O, Dick E, Carrion R, Pessaint L, Porto M, Cook A, Brown R, Ali V, Greenhouse J, Taylor T, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Stahl N, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Kyratsous CA. REGN-COV2 antibodies prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques and hamsters. Science 2020; 370:1110-1115. [PMID: 33037066 PMCID: PMC7857396 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An urgent global quest for effective therapies to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing. We previously described REGN-COV2, a cocktail of two potent neutralizing antibodies (REGN10987 and REGN10933) that targets nonoverlapping epitopes on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. In this report, we evaluate the in vivo efficacy of this antibody cocktail in both rhesus macaques, which may model mild disease, and golden hamsters, which may model more severe disease. We demonstrate that REGN-COV-2 can greatly reduce virus load in the lower and upper airways and decrease virus-induced pathological sequelae when administered prophylactically or therapeutically in rhesus macaques. Similarly, administration in hamsters limits weight loss and decreases lung titers and evidence of pneumonia in the lungs. Our results provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of this antibody cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Richard Copin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Anbo Zhou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kathryn Lanza
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Nicole Negron
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Bret Musser
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Yenny Goez-Gazi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Hilary M Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Benjamin Klaffke
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Kendra Alfson
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Edward Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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11
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Burrell JC, Bhatnagar D, Brown DP, Murthy NS, Dutton J, Browne KD, Laimo FA, Ali ZS, Rosen JM, Kaplan HM, Kohn J, Cullen DK. Tyrosine-derived polycarbonate nerve guidance tubes elicit proregenerative extracellular matrix deposition when used to bridge segmental nerve defects in swine. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1183-1195. [PMID: 32985789 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Promising biomaterials should be tested in appropriate large animal models that recapitulate human inflammatory and regenerative responses. Previous studies have shown tyrosine-derived polycarbonates (TyrPC) are versatile biomaterials with a wide range of applications across multiple disciplines. The library of TyrPC has been well studied and consists of thousands of polymer compositions with tunable mechanical characteristics and degradation and resorption rates that are useful for nerve guidance tubes (NGTs). NGTs made of different TyrPCs have been used in segmental nerve defect models in small animals. The current study is an extension of this work and evaluates NGTs made using two different TyrPC compositions in a 1 cm porcine peripheral nerve repair model. We first evaluated a nondegradable TyrPC formulation, demonstrating proof-of-concept chronic regenerative efficacy up to 6 months with similar nerve/muscle electrophysiology and morphometry to the autograft repair control. Next, we characterized the acute regenerative response using a degradable TyrPC formulation. After 2 weeks in vivo, TyrPC NGT promoted greater deposition of pro-regenerative extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents (in particular collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin) compared to commercially available collagen-based NGTs. This corresponded with dense Schwann cell infiltration and axon extension across the lumen. These findings confirmed results reported previously in a mouse model and reveal that TyrPC NGTs were well tolerated in swine and facilitated host axon regeneration and Schwann cell infiltration in the acute phase across segmental defects - likely by eliciting a favorable neurotrophic ECM milieu. This regenerative response ultimately can contribute to functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Divya Bhatnagar
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dan P Brown
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin D Browne
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Franco A Laimo
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zarina S Ali
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M Rosen
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Division of Plastic Surgery, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Hilton M Kaplan
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jennings A, Tang J, Gillings R, Perfecto A, Dutton J, Speakman J, Fraser WD, Nicoletti C, Berendsen AAM, de Groot LCPGM, Pietruszka B, Jeruszka-Bielak M, Caumon E, Caille A, Ostan R, Franceschi C, Santoro A, Fairweather-Tait SJ. Changing from a Western to a Mediterranean-style diet does not affect iron or selenium status: results of the New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE) 1-year randomized clinical trial in elderly Europeans. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:98-109. [PMID: 31559434 PMCID: PMC6944526 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean diets limit red meat consumption and increase intakes of high-phytate foods, a combination that could reduce iron status. Conversely, higher intakes of fish, a good source of selenium, could increase selenium status. OBJECTIVES A 1-y randomized controlled trial [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE)] was carried out in older Europeans to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean-style diet on indices of inflammation and changes in nutritional status. METHODS Selenium and iron intakes and status biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 1 y in 1294 people aged 65-79 y from 5 European countries (France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom) who had been randomly allocated either to a Mediterranean-style diet or to remain on their habitual, Western diet. RESULTS Estimated selenium intakes increased significantly with the intervention group (P < 0.01), but were not accompanied by changes in serum selenium concentrations. Iron intakes also increased (P < 0.001), but there was no change in iron status. However, when stratified by study center, there were positive effects of the intervention on iron status for serum ferritin for participants in Italy (P = 0.04) and France (P = 0.04) and on soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) for participants in Poland (P < 0.01). Meat intake decreased and fish intake increased to a greater degree in the intervention group, relative to the controls (P < 0.01 for both), but the overall effects of the intervention on meat and fish intakes were mainly driven by data from Poland and France. Changes in serum selenium in the intervention group were associated with greater changes in serum ferritin (P = 0.01) and body iron (P = 0.01), but not sTfR (P = 0.73); there were no study center × selenium status interactions for the iron biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for 1 y had no overall effect on iron or selenium status, although there were positive effects on biomarkers of iron status in some countries. The NU-AGE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01754012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Perfecto
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - John Dutton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Speakman
- Bioanalytical Facility, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Agnes A M Berendsen
- Wageningen University and Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Wageningen University and Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elodie Caumon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Caille
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rita Ostan
- CIG Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani,” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- CIG Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani,” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susan J Fairweather-Tait
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to SJF-T (e-mail: )
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Evins AI, Dutton J, Imam SS, Dadi AO, Xu T, Cheng D, Stieg PE, Bernardo A. On-Demand Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Printing of Custom Cranioplastic Prostheses. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:341-349. [PMID: 29346608 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opx280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, implantation of patient-specific cranial prostheses requires reoperation after a period for design and formulation by a third-party manufacturer. Recently, 3-dimensional (3D) printing via fused deposition modeling has demonstrated increased ease of use, rapid production time, and significantly reduced costs, enabling expanded potential for surgical application. Three-dimensional printing may allow neurosurgeons to remove bone, perform a rapid intraoperative scan of the opening, and 3D print custom cranioplastic prostheses during the remainder of the procedure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of using a commercially available 3D printer to develop and produce on-demand intraoperative patient-specific cranioplastic prostheses in real time and assess the associated costs, fabrication time, and technical difficulty. METHODS Five different craniectomies were each fashioned on 3 cadaveric specimens (6 sides) to sample regions with varying topography, size, thickness, curvature, and complexity. Computed tomography-based cranioplastic implants were designed, formulated, and implanted. Accuracy of development and fabrication, as well as implantation ability and fit, integration with exiting fixation devices, and incorporation of integrated seamless fixation plates were qualitatively evaluated. RESULTS All cranioprostheses were successfully designed and printed. Average time for design, from importation of scan data to initiation of printing, was 14.6 min and average print time for all cranioprostheses was 108.6 min. CONCLUSION On-demand 3D printing of cranial prostheses is a simple, feasible, inexpensive, and rapid solution that may help improve cosmetic outcomes; significantly reduce production time and cost-expanding availability; eliminate the need for reoperation in select cases, reducing morbidity; and has the potential to decrease perioperative complications including infection and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Evins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - John Dutton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sayem S Imam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Amal O Dadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Du Cheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Philip E Stieg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Bernardo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Dutton J, Zaleska-Kociecka M, Morosin M, Fernandez-Garda R, Garcia-Saez D, Simon A, Aw T, Lees N, Hurtado-Doce A. Heart transplantation outcomes in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Giunta M, Morosin M, Dutton J, Recchia E, Lees N, Simon A, Scaramuzzi M. Cardiogenic shock treated with multiple mechanical circulatory support devices. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Allan R, Sharples AP, Cocks M, Drust B, Dutton J, Dugdale HF, Mawhinney C, Clucas A, Hawkins W, Morton JP, Gregson W. Low pre-exercise muscle glycogen availability offsets the effect of post-exercise cold water immersion in augmenting PGC-1α gene expression. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14082. [PMID: 31161726 PMCID: PMC6546967 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) in modulating PGC-1α mRNA expression in response to exercise commenced with low muscle glycogen availability. In a randomized repeated-measures design, nine recreationally active males completed an acute two-legged high-intensity cycling protocol (8 × 5 min at 82.5% peak power output) followed by 10 min of two-legged post-exercise CWI (8°C) or control conditions (CON). During each trial, one limb commenced exercise with low (LOW: <300 mmol·kg-1 dw) or very low (VLOW: <150 mmol·kg-1 dw) pre-exercise glycogen concentration, achieved via completion of a one-legged glycogen depletion protocol undertaken the evening prior. Exercise increased (P < 0.05) PGC-1α mRNA at 3 h post-exercise. Very low muscle glycogen attenuated the increase in PGC-1α mRNA expression compared with the LOW limbs in both the control (CON VLOW ~3.6-fold vs. CON LOW ~5.6-fold: P = 0.023, ES 1.22 Large) and CWI conditions (CWI VLOW ~2.4-fold vs. CWI LOW ~8.0 fold: P = 0.019, ES 1.43 Large). Furthermore, PGC-1α mRNA expression in the CWI-LOW trial was not significantly different to the CON LOW limb (P = 0.281, ES 0.67 Moderate). Data demonstrate that the previously reported effects of post-exercise CWI on PGC-1α mRNA expression (as regulated systemically via β-adrenergic mediated cell signaling) are offset in those conditions in which local stressors (i.e., high-intensity exercise and low muscle glycogen availability) have already sufficiently activated the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis. Additionally, data suggest that commencing exercise with very low muscle glycogen availability attenuates PGC-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Allan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- Division of Sport, Exercise and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Adam P. Sharples
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- Institute for Science & Technology in MedicineSchool of MedicineKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - John Dutton
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Hannah F. Dugdale
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics UnitDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris Mawhinney
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- College of Sports Science and TechnologyMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Angela Clucas
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Will Hawkins
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - James P. Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Warren Gregson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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Hinojosa‐Laborde C, Shade R, Frost P, Dutton J, Muniz G, Hudson IL, Carter R, Ryan K. Indices of Organ Damage after Surviving Hemorrhage and Prolonged Hypotension. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.840.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Shade
- Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | | | - John Dutton
- Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | - Gary Muniz
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam HoustonTX
| | - Ian L. Hudson
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam HoustonTX
| | - Robert Carter
- Program Executive Office Simulation, Training and InstrumentationOrlandoFL
| | - Kathy Ryan
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam HoustonTX
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18
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Dutton J, McLoughlin J, Garcia-Saez D, Lees N, Simon A, Hurtado-Doce A. Arrhythmias Following Lung Transplantation: A Single Centre Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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19
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Player EL, Morris P, Thomas T, Chan WY, Vyas R, Dutton J, Tang J, Alexandre L, Forbes A. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PA) is a practical aid to nutritional assessment in hospital in-patients. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1700-1706. [PMID: 30170780 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status can be difficult to assess. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PA), and the plasma markers citrulline and transthyretin (pre-albumin) have the potential to assist, but the protocol of fasting and resting for BIA renders the investigation impractical for routine use, especially so in populations at high risk of malnutrition. AIMS 1 To clarify whether starving and resting are necessary for reliable measurement of PA. 2 To identify whether PA, citrulline and transthyretin correlate with nutritional status. METHODS Eighty consenting adult in-patients were recruited. Nutritional status was determined by subjective global assessment (SGA) used as gold standard. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used and anthropometric measurements were performed. Serum was analysed for citrulline and transthyretin. PA was measured using Bodystat 4000. The PA was considered to define malnutrition when lower than reference ranges for sex and age, and severe malnutrition if more than 2 integers below the lower limit. Anthropometric measurements were categorised according to WHO reference centiles. Ordinal logistic regression estimated the strength of association of PA, citrulline and transthyretin with SGA. PA values in the different metabolic states were compared using paired t tests. RESULTS All 80 subjects completed the BIA and the nutritional assessments in the 3 different states; 14 declined to provide blood samples for the biochemical assays. Malnutrition was identified in 32 cases, severe malnutrition in 14 cases, the remaining 34 cases were deemed not to be malnourished. PA was strongly inversely associated with SGA (Odds Ratio [OR] per unit increase = 0.21, CI 0.12-0.37, p < 0.001). PA was not influenced by exercise (p = 0.134) or food intake (p = 0.184). Transthyretin was inversely associated with malnourished/severely malnourished states (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p = 0.001), but had poorer predictive values than PA. There was no significant association between citrulline concentration and SGA (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.04, p = 0.348). CONCLUSIONS The BIA-derived PA reliably identifies malnutrition. It is strongly associated with SGA but requires less skill and experience, and out-performs circulating transthyretin, rendering it a promising and less operator-dependent tool for assessing nutritional status in hospital patients. Our novel demonstration that fasting and bed-rest are unnecessary consolidates that position.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Player
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - P Morris
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - T Thomas
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - W Y Chan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - R Vyas
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - J Dutton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - J Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - L Alexandre
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - A Forbes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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Krishnathasan K, Ragavan A, Dutton J, Hernandez-Caballero C. P2479A retrospective review of patients requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a tertiary cardiothoracic centre. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Ragavan
- Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Dutton
- Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Lenartova K, Dutton J, Moravcova S, Garcia Saez D, Simon A. Transplantation of hearts donated after circulatory death, single center experience. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Moriarty PM, Vaisar T, Dutton J, Denney LK, Hippe D, Heinecke JW, Zhao XQ. P5393The change in HDL proteomics following lipid-apheresis therapy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P M Moriarty
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - T Vaisar
- University of Washington, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J Dutton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - L K Denney
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - D Hippe
- University of Washington, Department of Radiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J W Heinecke
- University of Washington, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - X.-Q Zhao
- University of Washington, Department of Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
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Peck G, Blitzer D, Citron I, Dutton J, Foianini JE, Gracias V, Manzano R, Meara JG, Mehta D, Model Z, Morales C, NeMoyer R, Ordoñez C, Pino LF, Puyana JC, Rodas E, Schroeder ME, Sullivan T, Torres M, Truché P, Vega MP. Latin America Indicator Research Coalition examines prehospital care using a trauma systems application of LCoGS indicator 1. Bull Am Coll Surg 2017; 102:23-31. [PMID: 28884997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Allan R, Sharples AP, Close GL, Drust B, Shepherd SO, Dutton J, Morton JP, Gregson W. Postexercise cold water immersion modulates skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression in immersed and nonimmersed limbs: evidence of systemic regulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:451-459. [PMID: 28546467 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating postexercise cold-induced increases in PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle are yet to be fully elucidated but may involve local cooling effects on AMPK and p38 MAPK-related signaling and/or increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether postexercise cold water immersion enhancement of PGC-1α mRNA is mediated through local or systemic mechanisms. Ten subjects completed acute cycling (8 × 5 min at ~80% peak power output) followed by seated-rest (CON) or single-leg cold water immersion (CWI; 10 min, 8°C). Muscle biopsies were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise from a single limb in the CON condition but from both limbs in CWI [thereby providing tissue from a CWI and nonimmersed limb (NOT)]. Muscle temperature decreased up to 2 h postexercise following CWI (-5°C) in the immersed limb, with lesser changes observed in CON and NOT (-3°C, P < 0.05). No differences between limbs were observed in p38 MAPK phosphorylation at any time point (P < 0.05), whereas a significant interaction effect was present for AMPK phosphorylation (P = 0.031). Exercise (CON) increased gene expression of PGC-1α 3 h postexercise (~5-fold, P < 0.001). CWI augmented PGC-1α expression above CON in both the immersed (CWI; ~9-fold, P = 0.003) and NOT limbs (~12-fold, P = 0.001). Plasma normetanephrine concentration was higher in CWI vs. CON immediately postimmersion (860 vs. 665 pmol/l, P = 0.034). We report for the first time that local cooling of the immersed limb evokes transcriptional control of PGC-1α in the nonimmersed limb, suggesting increased systemic β-adrenergic activation of AMPK may mediate, in part, postexercise cold induction of PGC-1α mRNA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report for the first time that postexercise cold water immersion of one limb also enhances PGC-1α expression in a contralateral, nonimmersed limb. We suggest that increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation, and not localized cooling per se, exerts regulatory effects on local signaling cascades, thereby modulating PGC-1α expression. Therefore, these data have important implications for research designs that adopt contralateral, nonimmersed limbs as a control condition while also increasing our understanding of the potential mechanisms underpinning cold-mediated PGC-1α responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Allan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; .,Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Dutton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; and
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Gregson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Berry DJ, Dutton J, Fraser WD, Järvelin M, Hyppönen E. Harmonization Study Between LC-MS/MS and Diasorin RIA for Measurement of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in a Large Population Survey. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31:e22049. [PMID: 27595769 PMCID: PMC5484299 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based research on vitamin D has increased dramatically in recent years. Such studies are typically reliant on assay procedures to measure reliable and comparable levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. METHODS Concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 were measured using LC-MS/MS in 5,915 participants (aged 31 years) of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Blood samples were assayed in batches over a course of 18 months. As anomalies were present in the measurements, 200 samples were reassayed using Diasorin RIA. Agreement between measurements was assessed by Passing-Bablok regression and limits of agreement (LoA). To harmonize LC-MS/MS with Diasorin RIA measurements, formulae were derived from the LoA. RESULTS Concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS were much higher than those measured by Diasorin RIA, with a mean difference of 12.9 ng/ml. Constant variation was evident between batch measurements after log transformation. Statistical formula was applied separately for each batch of LC-MS/MS measurements, enabling us to remove both the constant and proportional bias that was evident prior to the transformation. CONCLUSION Despite the introduction of schemes/programs to improve accuracy of assays to measure 25(OH)D, significant differences can still happen. In these instances, methods to harmonize measurements based on a relatively small number of replicates can be successfully applied to establish confidence and to enable between-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J. Berry
- Population, Policy and PracticeUCL Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - John Dutton
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - William D. Fraser
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Unit of Primary CareOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- Department of Children, Young People and FamiliesNational Institute for Health and WelfareOuluFinland
- Biocenter OuluInstitute of Health SciencesUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and PracticeUCL Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Centre for Population Health ResearchSchool of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
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Sloan DJ, Mwandumba HC, Kamdolozi M, Shani D, Chisale B, Dutton J, Khoo SH, Allain TJ, Davies GR. Vitamin D deficiency in Malawian adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: risk factors and treatment outcomes. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:904-11. [PMID: 26162355 PMCID: PMC4497634 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Vitamin D deficiency is common in African adults with tuberculosis (TB), and may be exacerbated by the metabolic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency influences response to anti-tuberculosis treatment. OBJECTIVES: To describe risk factors for baseline vitamin D deficiency in Malawian adults with pulmonary TB, assess the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and treatment response, and evaluate whether the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs and ART is deleterious to vitamin D status during treatment. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. RESULTS: The median baseline 25(OH)D concentration of the 169 patients (58% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infected) recruited was 57 nmol/l; 47 (28%) had vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l). Baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were lower during the cold season (P < 0.001), with food insecurity (P = 0.034) or in patients who consumed alcohol (P = 0.019). No relationship between vitamin D status and anti-tuberculosis treatment response was found. 25(OH)D concentrations increased during anti-tuberculosis treatment, irrespective of HIV status or use of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is common among TB patients in Malawi, but this does not influence treatment response. Adverse metabolic effects of drug treatment may be compensated by the positive impact of clinical recovery preventing exacerbation of vitamin D deficiency during anti-tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sloan
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - H C Mwandumba
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M Kamdolozi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - D Shani
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - B Chisale
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J Dutton
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T J Allain
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - G R Davies
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK
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Sloan D, Guwende C, Banda G, Shani D, Kamdolozi M, Chisale B, Dutton J, Heyderman R, Butterworth A, Corbett E, Mwandumba H, Khoo S, Allain T, Davies G. S75 Risk Factors And Therapeutic Implications Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Malawian Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. Treadmill running reduces parathyroid hormone concentrations during recovery compared with a nonexercising control group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1774-82. [PMID: 24476072 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lower PTH concentrations reported in the hours after acute, endurance exercise compared with preexercise levels might be influenced by factors such as circadian fluctuations. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare postexercise PTH concentrations with a nonexercising control group. DESIGN AND SETTING A laboratory-based study with a crossover design, comparing a 60-minute (at 10:30 am) bout of treadmill running at 65% of the maximal rate of oxygen uptake (exercise) with semirecumbent rest (CON). Blood samples were obtained immediately before (baseline 10:15 am) and after (11:30 am) exercise and during recovery (12:30 am, 1:30 pm, and 2:15 pm). PARTICIPANTS Ten physically active men (mean ± 1 SD, age 26 ± 5 y; body mass 78.3 ± 5.8 kg; maximal rate of oxygen uptake 57.3 ± 6.9 mL/kg(-1) · min(-1)) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PTH, albumin-adjusted calcium, and phosphate concentrations were measured. RESULTS PTH concentrations increased (+85%, P < .01) during exercise and were higher than in CON immediately at the end of exercise (4.5 ± 1.9 vs 2.6 ± 0.9 pmol/L(-1), P < .05). In the postexercise period (12:30-2:15 pm), PTH was not different compared with baseline but was lower compared with CON at 1:30 pm (-22%; P < .01) and tended to be lower at both 12:30 pm (-12%; P = .063) and 2:15 pm (-13%; P = .057). Exercise did not significantly affect the albumin-adjusted calcium concentrations, whereas phosphate was higher than CON immediately after exercise (1.47 ± 0.17 vs 1.03 ± 0.17 pmol/L(-1), P < .001) and was lower at 1:30 pm (-16%: P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Lower PTH concentrations after acute endurance running compared with a rested control condition suggest a true effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P R Scott
- Human Sciences (J.P.R.S., A.C.), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough GU14 0LX, United Kingdom; Biomedical, Life, and Health Sciences Research Centre (C.S.), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4BU Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Occupational Medicine (J.P.G.), Headquarters Army Recruiting and Training Division, Upavon SN9 6BE, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Musculoskeletal Biology (J.D.), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, United Kingdom; and Norwich Medical School (W.D.F.), University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. Effect of recovery duration between two bouts of running on bone metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:429-38. [PMID: 23034642 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182746e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strenuous endurance exercise increases biochemical markers of bone resorption but not formation, although the effect of recovery duration between consecutive bouts of exercise is unknown. We examined the effect of recovery duration on the bone metabolic response to two bouts of running. METHODS Ten physically active men completed two 9-d trials. On days 4 and 5 (D4 and D5), participants completed two 60-min bouts of running at 65% V˙O2max separated by either a 23-h (LONG) or a 3-h (SHORT) recovery period. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), and phosphate (PO4) were measured from blood samples obtained before and for 3 h after exercise and on four follow-up days (D6-D9). Markers of bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1) and bone formation (N-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 and bone alkaline phosphatase) were measured in early morning fasted samples on D4-D9. RESULTS There were no significant changes in C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1, N-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1, or bone alkaline phosphatase with either protocol. OPG, PTH, ACa, and PO4 concentrations increased with all exercise bouts, but the response to the second bout was not altered by recovery duration. CONCLUSIONS Two 60-min bouts of running at 65% V˙O2max separated by either 23 or 3 h had no effect on the markers of bone resorption or formation from 1 to 4 d after exercise. Reducing recovery duration from 23 to 3 h between two bouts of running did not alter the increase in OPG, PTH, ACa, and PO4 to the second bout.
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. Effect of fasting versus feeding on the bone metabolic response to running. Bone 2012; 51:990-9. [PMID: 22960044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals often perform exercise in the fasted state, but the effects on bone metabolism are not currently known. We compared the effect of an overnight fast with feeding a mixed meal on the bone metabolic response to treadmill running. Ten, physically-active males aged 28 ± 4y (mean ±SD) completed two, counterbalanced, 8d trials. After 3d on a standardised diet, participants performed 60 min of treadmill running at 65% VO(2max) on Day 4 following an overnight fast (FAST) or a standardised breakfast (FED). Blood samples were collected at baseline, before and during exercise, for 3h after exercise, and on four consecutive follow-up days (FU1-FU4). Plasma/serum were analysed for the c-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (β-CTX), n-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium, phosphate, osteoprotegerin (OPG), cortisol, leptin and ghrelin. Only the β-CTX response was significantly affected by feeding. Pre-exercise concentrations decreased more in FED compared with FAST (47% vs 26%, P<0.001) but increased during exercise in both groups and were not significantly different from baseline at 1h post-exercise. At 3h post-exercise, concentrations were decreased (33%, P<0.001) from baseline in FAST and significantly lower (P<0.001) than in FED. P1NP and PTH increased, and OC decreased during exercise. Bone markers were not significantly different from baseline on FU1-FU4. Fasting had only a minor effect on the bone metabolic response to subsequent acute, endurance exercise, reducing the duration of the increase in β-CTX during early recovery, but having no effect on changes in bone formation markers. The reduced duration of the β-CTX response with fasting was not fully explained by changes in PTH, OPG, leptin or ghrelin.
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. Effect of exercise intensity on the cytokine response to an acute bout of running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 43:2297-306. [PMID: 21552156 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31822113a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the effects of exercise intensity (EI) on the cytokine response to an acute bout of running. METHODS Ten males (mean ± SD VO(2max)= 56.2 ± 8.1 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) completed three, counterbalanced, 8-d trials. After three control days, on day 4, participants completed 60 min of running at 55%, 65%, and 75% VO(2max). The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), and creatine kinase were measured during and for 3 h after exercise and on four follow-up days (FU1-FU4). RESULTS RER was higher at 75% V(O2max) compared with both 55% (P < 0.001) and 65% (P < 0.01) VO(2max). IL-1β was undetectable in six participants. There was a small (18%-27%) increase in TNF-α during exercise but no effect of EI. IL-6 concentrations peaked at the end of exercise, with a greater increase at 75% VO(2max), resulting in higher concentrations at the end of exercise and at 30 min after exercise compared with 55% (P < 0.001) and 65% VO(2max) (P < 0.01). IL-1ra concentrations peaked at the end of exercise at 75% VO(2max), resulting in higher (P < 0.05) concentrations at 1-2 h after exercise compared with 55% and 65% VO(2max). Creatine kinase was increased at FU1 and FU2, but there was no effect of EI. CONCLUSIONS Sixty minutes of treadmill running at 75% VO(2max) results in a greater increase in IL-6 but not TNF-α compared with 55% and 65% V(O2max). The higher IL-1ra concentrations at 75% VO(2max) might be related to the higher IL-6 concentrations that precede them.
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. The role of exercise intensity in the bone metabolic response to an acute bout of weight-bearing exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:423-32. [PMID: 21127210 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00764.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of exercise intensity (EI) on bone metabolism during and for 4 days after acute, weight-bearing endurance exercise. Ten males [mean ± SD maximum oxygen uptake (Vo(2max)): 56.2 ± 8.1 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1)] completed three counterbalanced 8-day trials. Following three control days, on day 4, subjects completed 60 min of running at 55%, 65%, and 75% Vo(2max). Markers of bone resorption [COOH-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (β-CTX)] and formation [NH(2)-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), bone-alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), phosphate (PO(4)), and cortisol were measured during and for 3 h after exercise and on four follow-up days (FU1-FU4). At 75% Vo(2max), β-CTX was not significantly increased from baseline by exercise but was higher compared with 55% (17-19%, P < 0.01) and 65% (11-13%, P < 0.05) Vo(2max) in the first hour postexercise. Concentrations were decreased from baseline in all three groups by 39-42% (P < 0.001) at 3 h postexercise but not thereafter. P1NP increased (P < 0.001) during exercise only, while bone-ALP was increased (P < 0.01) at FU3 and FU4, but neither were affected by EI. PTH and cortisol increased (P < 0.001) with exercise at 75% Vo(2max) only and were higher (P < 0.05) than at 55% and 65% Vo(2max) during and immediately after exercise. The increases (P < 0.001) in OPG, ACa, and PO(4) with exercise were not affected by EI. Increasing EI from 55% to 75% Vo(2max) during 60 min of running resulted in higher β-CTX concentrations in the first hour postexercise but had no effect on bone formation markers. Increased bone-ALP concentrations at 3 and 4 days postexercise suggest a beneficial effect of this type of exercise on bone mineralization. The increase in OPG was not influenced by exercise intensity, whereas PTH was increased at 75% Vo(2max) only, which cannot be fully explained by changes in serum calcium or PO(4) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P R Scott
- QinetiQ, Rm. G077, Bldg. A54, Cody Technology Park, Ively Rd., Farnborough, Hampshire, UK GU14 0LX.
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Klot SV, Paciorek C, Melly S, Coull B, Dutton J, Peters A, Schwartz J. Association of daily temperature at residence with mortality in Eastern Massachusetts. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. The effect of training status on the metabolic response of bone to an acute bout of exhaustive treadmill running. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3918-25. [PMID: 20519353 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Strenuous exercise increases bone resorption but not formation. The effect of improved training status is unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the metabolic response of bone to strenuous running in recreationally active (RA) and endurance-trained (ET) men. DESIGN Eleven RA, 10 ET, and 10 control (CON) subjects completed one 8-d trial. On d 4, RA and ET completed an exhaustive treadmill run. Blood was obtained at baseline (BASE), during exercise, during 2 h of recovery, and on four follow-up (FU) days (FU1-FU4). CON rested throughout, providing blood samples at BASE and on FU1-FU4. Markers of bone resorption [C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (beta-CTX)] and bone formation [N-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], osteoprotegerin (OPG), PTH, albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), and phosphate (PO4) were measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences between ET and RA and no changes in CON for any variable. Exercise increased beta-CTX at FU1-FU4 (P<0.001) but had no effect on P1NP or bone ALP. OPG was increased after 20 min of exercise (P<0.001) and remained elevated at FU1 (P<0.001). PTH, ACa, and PO4 were increased throughout exercise (P<0.01). ACa and PO4 remained elevated in the 2 h after exercise (P<0.001), whereas PTH was lower than BASE from 1-2 h after exercise (P<0.001). CONCLUSION After acute, exhaustive running, bone resorption but not formation was increased for 4 d in RA and ET men. The increased bone resorption might be related to the increase in PTH, whereas increased OPG might be a compensatory response to increased bone resorption. Training status did not significantly affect the metabolic response of bone to exhaustive running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P R Scott
- Human Protection and Performance Enhancement, Room G077, Building A54, QinetiQ, Cody Technology Park, Ively Road, Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 0LX, United Kingdom.
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Roberts NB, Dutton J, Higgins G, Allars L. Evaluation of a novel semi-automated HPLC procedure for whole blood cyclosporin A confirms equivalence to adjusted monoclonal values from Abbott TDx. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43:228-36. [PMID: 15843222 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The problem in the measurement of cyclosporin (CyA) is that the widely used immuno-based assays suffer from interference by metabolites present in unpredictable excess. To resolve this, the consensus view has been to develop more specific and robust procedures for the measurement of CyA alone in order to give values similar to those obtained by HPLC. We developed an alternative strategy based on Abbott poly- and monoclonal assays to derive an adjusted monoclonal value as an equivalent measurement to HPLC. We have now evaluated a recently developed semi-automated HPLC procedure and used it to test the validity of the adjusted monoclonal value. The automated HPLC procedure with online clean-up was optimised for the separation of CyA and internal standard CyD. The assay was simple to use, precise and gave good recovery of cyclosporin from whole blood. Comparisons with the more specific immunoassays Abbott AxSym and EMIT showed close agreement, whereas Abbott monoclonal values indicated up to 20% positive bias. In contrast, the adjusted monoclonal values gave good agreement with HPLC. Data obtained from HPLC linked to tandem mass spectrometry (MS) indicated closer agreement with Abbott monoclonal values than expected, suggesting some positive bias with MS. The benefit of using an adjusted monoclonal value is that a result equivalent to HPLC is obtained, as well as an indication of the concentration of metabolites from the Abbott polyclonal measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman B Roberts
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK.
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Hardy G, Worrell S, Hayes P, Barnett CM, Glass D, Pido-Lopez J, Imami N, Aspinall R, Dutton J, Gazzard B, Peters AM, Gotch FM. Evidence of thymic reconstitution after highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. HIV Med 2004; 5:67-73. [PMID: 15012644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to provide evidence of thymic reconstitution after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1 infected patients and to correlate this with the restoration of peripheral naïve T cells. METHODS Positron emission tomography (PET) enables definitive evidence of thymic activity, indicating functional potential. In this case study, a single patient who initiated HAART demonstrated reconstitution of the naïve T-cell pool and underwent thymic PET scans at baseline and 2 and 6 months following initiation of therapy. Two patients who failed to demonstrate such reconstitution acted as controls. These patients (mean age 27 years) had chronic HIV infection with low CD4 T-cell counts (mean 82, range 9-160 cells/microL blood). Increased function of the thymus visualized by PET was correlated with phenotypic changes in CD4 and CD8 T cells in the periphery measured by flow cytometry, and with numbers of recent thymic emigrants measured by quantification of the numbers of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in peripheral cells. RESULTS In one patient, clear correlations could be drawn between visible activity within the thymus, as measured by increased [F18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, and regeneration of naïve CD4 (CD45RA/CD62L) T cells, increased numbers of CD4 T cells, controlled viraemia and increased numbers of recent thymic emigrants. A second patient displayed no increase in peripheral CD4 count and no increase in thymic activity. The third patient elected to stop therapy following the 2-month time point. CONCLUSIONS The use of PET suggests that thymic activity may increase after HAART, indicating that the thymus has the potential to be functional even in HIV-1 infected persons with low CD4 T-cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hardy
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Baker JS, Bailey DM, Dutton J, Davies B. Catecholamine responses to high intensity cycle ergometer exercise: Body mass or body composition? J Physiol Biochem 2003; 59:77-83. [PMID: 14649873 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the sympathoadrenergic and metabolic responses following 30 s of maximal high intensity cycle ergometry exercise when cradle resistive forces were derived from total-body mass (TBM) or fat-free mass (FFM). Increases in peak power output (PPO) and pedal velocity were recorded when resistive forces reflected FFM (953 +/- 114 W vs 1020 +/- 134 W; 134 +/- 8 rpm vs 141 +/- 7 rpm ; P < 0.05). No differences were observed between mean power output (MPO), fatigue index (FI%), work done (WD) or heart rate (HR) when the TBM and FFM protocols were compared. There were no differences between the TBM and FFM protocols for adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) or blood lactate concentrations ([La-]B) recorded at rest, immediately post or 24 h post exercise. However, increases in blood concentrations of A and NA (P < 0.05) were recorded for both the TBM and FFM protocol immediately post exercise. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were recorded between PPOs, immediate post- exercise NA and [La-]B for both the TBM and FFM protocols. [La-]B levels were also significantly elevated (P < 0.01) immediately post exercise for both the TBM and FFM protocols. The results from this study suggest that greater peak power outputs are obtainable with no subsequent differences in neurophysiological or metabolic stress as determined by plasma A, NA and [La-]B concentrations when resistive forces reflect FFM and not TBM during loading procedures. The findings also indicate that immediate post exercise concentrations return to resting levels 24 h post exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Baker
- Health and Exercise Science Research Laboratory, School of Applied Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, CF37 lDL, UK.
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Koerbin G, Taylor L, Dutton J, Marshall K, Low P, Potter JM. Aminoglycoside interference with the Dade Behring pyrogallol red-molybdate method for the measurement of total urine protein. Clin Chem 2001; 47:2183-4. [PMID: 11719492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Smith GL, Doherty AP, Banks LM, Dutton J, Hanham LW, Christmas TJ, Epstein RJ. Dual X-ray absorptiometry detects disease- and treatment-related alterations of bone density in prostate cancer patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 2001; 18:385-90. [PMID: 11467770 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010991213842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease is an important clinical problem which has proven difficult to study because of a lack of noninvasive investigative modalities. Here we show that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning provides clinically useful information about the status of metastatic bone lesions in cancer patients undergoing palliative treatment. In the study group of 21 patients, a significant increase in metastatic bone mineral density (BMD) was confirmed in prostate (n = 14) relative to breast (n = 7) cancer patients. With respect to the prostate cancer cohort, further increases in lesional BMD were evident in all evaluable patients in whom biochemical progression occurred; conversely, lesional BMD declined in patients who had a partial response to therapy. BMD of uninvolved bone decreased with all types of androgen-deprivation therapy regardless of whether patients responded or relapsed. We conclude that BMD changes in both lesional and uninvolved bone are readily detectable in metastatic prostate cancer, and propose that DXA scanning represents a promising new approach to monitoring the natural history and therapeutic course of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Smith
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
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