1
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Author Correction: Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:413. [PMID: 33462437 PMCID: PMC7812341 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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2
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:73-86. [PMID: 33340034 PMCID: PMC7890948 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate models will expedite therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to clinical trials. Here, we compare acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old rhesus macaques, baboons and old marmosets. Macaques had clinical signs of viral infection, mild to moderate pneumonitis and extra-pulmonary pathologies, and both age groups recovered in two weeks. Baboons had prolonged viral RNA shedding and substantially more lung inflammation compared with macaques. Inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in old versus young baboons. Using techniques including computed tomography imaging, immunophenotyping, and alveolar/peripheral cytokine response and immunohistochemical analyses, we delineated cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaque and baboon lungs, including innate and adaptive immune cells and a prominent type-I interferon response. Macaques developed T-cell memory phenotypes/responses and bystander cytokine production. Old macaques had lower titres of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels compared with young macaques. Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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3
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Serrano-Collazo C, Pérez-Guzmán EX, Pantoja P, Hassert MA, Rodríguez IV, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Parodi L, Cruz L, Arana T, Martínez MI, White L, Brien JD, de Silva A, Pinto AK, Sariol CA. Effective control of early Zika virus replication by Dengue immunity is associated to the length of time between the 2 infections but not mediated by antibodies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008285. [PMID: 32463814 PMCID: PMC7255596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of virus-specific and cross-reacting antibodies (Abs) or the cellular immune response generated by a primary dengue (DENV) infection on the course of a secondary zika (ZIKV) infection in vivo. Here we show that the length of time between DENV/ZIKV infections has a qualitative impact on controlling early ZIKV replication. Depletion of DENV2-specific Abs in sera confirmed that those type-specific Abs do not contribute to ZIKV control. We show that the magnitude and durability of the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by a secondary ZIKV infection is modest compared to the response induced after a secondary heterologous DENV infection. Our in vivo results are showing a complex interplay between the cellular and innate immune responses characterized by a high frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) correlating with an increase in the frequency of DENV antigen specific T cells and a significant control of ZIKV replication which is time dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that early after ZIKV infection other mechanisms such as the innate and cellular immune responses may play a predominant role in controlling ZIKV replication. Regardless of the time elapsed between infections there was no evidence of in vivo antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV by DENV immunity. These findings have pivotal implications while interpreting ZIKV pathogenesis in flavivirus-experimented populations, diagnostic results interpretation and vaccine designs and schedules among others. From our previous work in non-human primates and others using humans, we believe that previous DENV immunity confers some degree of protection against ZIKV infection. However, at least two highly relevant questions remain unanswered. One is precisely if the time between primary DENV and a subsequent ZIKV infections may play a role in the degree of protection conferred by DENV immunity. The second question is related to the mechanisms of cross-protection. In this work we provide evidences that a period of 12 months between DENV and ZIKV infections has a significant impact controlling ZIKV replication compared to a shorter period of 3 months. We also provide evidences that the pre-existing DENV Abs play no role controlling early ZIKV replication. Our results strongly suggest that the mechanisms controlling ZIKV replication are related to the complex interaction between the innate and the cellular immune responses. Our results have significant implications for vaccine design and schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Erick X. Pérez-Guzmán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mariah A. Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Idia V. Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vida Hodara
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Parodi
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Melween I. Martínez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Laura White
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Scordo JM, Piergallini TJ, Headley CA, Hodara V, Reuter N, Papin JF, Turner J. The role of old age on Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine-induced tissue immunity. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.235.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Infections account for one-third of deaths in elderly individuals. Vaccines are a primary tool to combat infection, yet they are less effective in the elderly population. While many groups have aimed to address this problem by studying vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses in the elderly, work from our lab demonstrates that immune responses to vaccination and infectious challenge differ between tissue sites and the periphery. To improve health outcomes in our aged population, we must study vaccine-responses in both the periphery and the local infection site (the tissue). We study this through a delayed-type hypersensitivity model of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and subsequent tuberculin skin test (TST) eight weeks after vaccination in adult and elderly baboons. Vaccination generates BCG-specific immune cells that are recruited to the skin upon TST challenge which we can study in skin biopsies reflecting tissue specific responses. Three days or one week after TST we examine BCG-specific memory responses in the skin biopsies. We also determine BCG-induced responses in the blood to compare tissue and systemic responses. We find increased oxidation and decreased production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in aged baboon skin at the site of TST challenge, despite no alteration in vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses between age groups. Based on these findings, we anticipate that alterations in the skin of aged BCG-vaccinated baboons will hinder T cell migration to and function in the tissue, thus decreasing vaccine-induced tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Scordo
- 1Texas Biomedical Research Institute
- 2University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Tucker J Piergallini
- 1Texas Biomedical Research Institute
- 3The Ohio State University, College of Medicine
| | - Colwyn A Headley
- 1Texas Biomedical Research Institute
- 3The Ohio State University, College of Medicine
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5
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Pérez-Guzmán EX, Pantoja P, Serrano-Collazo C, Hassert MA, Ortiz-Rosa A, Rodríguez IV, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Parodi L, Cruz L, Arana T, White LJ, Martínez MI, Weiskopf D, Brien JD, de Silva A, Pinto AK, Sariol CA. Time elapsed between Zika and dengue virus infections affects antibody and T cell responses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4316. [PMID: 31541110 PMCID: PMC6754404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are co-endemic in many parts of the world, but the impact of ZIKV infection on subsequent DENV infection is not well understood. Here we show in rhesus macaques that the time elapsed after ZIKV infection affects the immune response to DENV infection. We show that previous ZIKV exposure increases the magnitude of the antibody and T cell responses against DENV. The time interval between ZIKV and subsequent DENV infection further affects the immune response. A mid-convalescent period of 10 months after ZIKV infection results in higher and more durable antibody and T cell responses to DENV infection than a short period of 2 months. In contrast, previous ZIKV infection does not affect DENV viremia or pro-inflammatory status. Collectively, we find no evidence of a detrimental effect of ZIKV immunity in a subsequent DENV infection. This supports the implementation of ZIKV vaccines that could also boost immunity against future DENV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick X Pérez-Guzmán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- Takeda Vaccines Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Mariah A Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra Ortiz-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Idia V Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Laura J White
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melween I Martínez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos A Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00936, PR, USA.
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6
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Pantoja P, Pérez-Guzmán EX, Rodríguez IV, White LJ, González O, Serrano C, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Cruz L, Arana T, Martínez MI, Hassert MA, Brien JD, Pinto AK, de Silva A, Sariol CA. Zika virus pathogenesis in rhesus macaques is unaffected by pre-existing immunity to dengue virus. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28643775 PMCID: PMC5490051 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) could potentially affect ZIKV pathogenesis. Using DENV-immune serum, it has been shown in vitro that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection can occur. Here we study the effects of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV infection in vivo. We infect two cohorts of rhesus macaques with ZIKV; one cohort has been exposed to DENV 2.8 years earlier and a second control cohort is naïve to flaviviral infection. Our results, while confirming ADE in vitro, suggest that pre-existing DENV immunity does not result in more severe ZIKV disease. Rather our results show a reduction in the number of days of ZIKV viremia compared to naïve macaques and that the previous exposure to DENV may result in modulation of the immune response without resulting in enhancement of ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petraleigh Pantoja
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
| | - Erick X Pérez-Guzmán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
| | - Idia V Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA
| | - Laura J White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Olga González
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA
| | - Crisanta Serrano
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
| | - Melween I Martínez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA
| | - Mariah A Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00952, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
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7
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Shi Q, Hodara V, Meng Q, Voruganti VS, Rice K, Michalek JE, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL. Early endothelial damage detected by circulating particles in baboons fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates in conjunction with saturated or unsaturated fat. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 4:123-132. [PMID: 25360390 PMCID: PMC4212887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that high-fat diets cause blood vessel damage, however, assessing pathological effects accurately and efficiently is difficult. In this study, we measured particle levels of static endothelium (CD31+ and CD105+) and activated endothelium (CD62E+, CD54+ and CD106+) in plasma. We determined individual responses to two dietary regimens in two groups of baboons. One group (n = 10), was fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates and saturated fats (the HSF diet) and the other (n = 8) received a diet high in simple carbohydrates and unsaturated fats (the HUF diet). Plasma samples were collected at 0, 3, and 7 weeks. The percentages of CD31+ and CD62E+ particles were elevated at 3 weeks in animals fed either diet, but these elevations were statistically significant only in animals fed the HUF diet. Surprisingly, both percentages and counts of CD31+ particles were significantly lower at week 7 compared to week 0 and 3 in the HSF group. The median absolute counts of CD105+ particles were progressively elevated over time in the HSF group with a significant increase from week 0 to 7; the pattern was somewhat different for the HUF group with significant increase from week 3 to 7. The counts of CD54+ particles exhibited wide variation in both groups during the dietary challenge, while the median counts of CD106+ particles were significantly lower at week 3 than at week 0 and week 7. Endothelial particles exhibited time-dependent changes, suggesting they were behaving as quantifiable surrogates for the early detection of vascular damage caused by dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillKannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Karen Rice
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Joel E Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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8
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Rodriguez AR, Hodara V, Murthy K, Morrow L, Sanchez M, Bienvenu AE, Murthy KK. T cell interleukin-15 surface expression in chimpanzees infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cell Immunol 2014; 288:24-30. [PMID: 24565973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) contributes to natural killer cell development and immune regulation. However, IL-15 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production are significantly reduced during progression to AIDS. We have previously reported that HIV infected chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) express CD3-CD8+ IFN-γ+ natural killer (NK) cells with an inverse correlation to plasma HIV viral load. To expand on our initial study, we examined a larger population of HIV infected chimpanzees (n=10). Whole blood flow cytometry analyses showed that recombinant gp120 (rgp120) or recombinant IL-15 induces specific CD3-CD8+ IFN-γ+ NK cells at higher levels than CD3+CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cells in HIV infected specimens. Interestingly, peripheral blood T cells exhibited 0.5-3% IL-15 surface Tcell/NKT cell phenotypes, and rIL-15 stimulation significantly (P<0.007) up-regulated CD4+CD25+ T cell expression. Importantly, these data demonstrate novel T cell interleukin-15 expression and indicate a plausible regulatory mechanism for this cell-type during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette R Rodriguez
- Research Centers at Minority Institutions, Biophotonics Core, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States.
| | - Vida Hodara
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Kruthi Murthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - LaShayla Morrow
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Amy E Bienvenu
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Krishna K Murthy
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
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9
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Shi Q, Schatten G, Hodara V, Simerly C, VandeBerg JL. Endothelial reconstitution by CD34+ progenitors derived from baboon embryonic stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:242-51. [PMID: 23301772 PMCID: PMC3814022 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a large non-human primate model, the baboon, to establish a step-wise protocol to generate CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and to demonstrate their reparative effects. Baboon ESCs were sequentially differentiated from embryoid body cultures for 9 days and then were specified into EPCs by culturing them in monolayer for 12 days. The resulting EPCs expressed CD34, CXCR4 and UEA-1, but neither CD31 nor CD117. The EPCs were able to form intact lumen structures when seeded on Matrigel, took up Dil-LDL, and responded to TNF-α. Angioblasts specified in EGM-2 medium and ECGS medium had 6.41 ± 1.16% (n = 3) and 9.32 ± 3.73% CD34+ cells (n = 3). The efficiency of generating CD34+ EPCs did not differ significantly from ECGS to EGM-2 culture media, however, angioblasts specified in ECGS medium expressed a higher percentage of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells (3.49 ± 1.32%, n = 3) than those specified in EGM-2 medium (0.49 ± 0.52%, n = 3). To observe their reparative capacity, we purified CD34+ progenitors after specification by EGM-2 medium; inoculated fluorescently labelled CD34+ EPCs into an arterial segment denuded of endothelium in an ex vivo system. After 14 days of ex vivo culture, the grafted cells had attached and integrated to the denuded surface; in addition, they had matured further and expressed terminally differentiated endothelial markers including CD31 and CD146. In conclusion, we have proved that specified CD34+ EPCs are promising therapeutic agents for repairing damaged vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
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10
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Shi Q, Cox LA, Hodara V, Wang XL, VandeBerg JL. Repertoire of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized by femoral artery ligation: a nonhuman primate study. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2060-73. [PMID: 22128816 PMCID: PMC3433842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine in the baboon model the identities and functional characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilized in response to artery ligation, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) before and 3 days after a segment of femoral artery was removed. Our goal was to find EPC subpopulations with highly regenerative capacity. We identified 12 subpopulations of putative EPCs that were altered >1.75-fold; two subpopulations (CD146+/CD54-/CD45- at 6.63-fold, and CD146+/UEA-1-/CD45- at 12.21-fold) were dramatically elevated. To investigate the regenerative capacity of putative EPCs, we devised a new assay that maximally resembled their in vivo scenario, we purified CD34+ and CD146+ cells and co-cultured them with basal and mobilized PBMNCs; both cell types took up Dil-LDL, but purified CD146+ cells exhibited accelerated differentiation by increasing expression of CD31 and CD144, and by exhibiting more active cord-like structure formation by comparison to the CD34+ subpopulation in a co-culture with mobilized PBMNCs. We demonstrate that ischaemia due to vascular ligation mobilizes multiple types of cells with distinct roles. Baboon CD146+ cells exhibit higher reparative capacity than CD34+ cells, and thus are a potential source for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
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11
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Xiao J, Song J, Hodara V, Ford A, Wang XL, Shi Q, Chen L, VandeBerg JL. Protective Effects of Resveratrol on TNF-α-Induced Endothelial Cytotoxicity in Baboon Femoral Arterial Endothelial Cells. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:185172. [PMID: 23671856 PMCID: PMC3647561 DOI: 10.1155/2013/185172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial injury induced by inflammatory factors plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of resveratrol (0.1-100 μ M) on the proliferation, migration, and CAM expression of primary cultures of baboon arterial endothelial cells (BAECs). In addition, we tested its effects under normal conditions as well as under inflammatory conditions induced by tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) administered either by cotreatment, pretreatment, or posttreatment. Immunocytochemistry, MTT, wound-healing, and flow cytometry assays were performed. The resveratrol treatment significantly enhanced BAEC proliferation and attenuated TNF-α-induced impairment of proliferation at the optimal doses of 1-50 µM. Resveratrol at a high dose (100 μ M) and TNF-α impaired BAEC migration, while low doses of resveratrol (1-50 μ M) attenuated TNF-α-induced impairment of BAEC migration. Moreover, resveratrol inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that the resveratrol protects BAECs after inflammatory stimulation as well as ameliorates inflammatory effects at low concentrations. Consequently, resveratrol should be considered as a candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Allen Ford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Xing Li Wang
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2604, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- *Li Chen:
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
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12
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Shi Q, Hodara V, Simerly CR, Schatten GP, VandeBerg JL. Ex vivo reconstitution of arterial endothelium by embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells in baboons. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:631-42. [PMID: 22931470 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for an animal model that can be used to translate basic research into clinical therapy. We documented the differentiation and functional competence of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived endothelial cells in baboons. Baboon angioblasts were sequentially differentiated from embryoid body cultures for 9 days in an angioblast differentiation medium with varying concentrations of BMP-4, FLT-3 ligand, stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and knockout serum replacement. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that ESC-derived angioblasts downregulated NANOG and OCT3/4, upregulated T-brachyury and GATA2, and moderately expressed CD34; they did not express CD144, TEK, or VWF, and varied in levels of CD31 expression. Several populations of putative angioblasts appeared 3 days and 9 days after differentiation, as identified by flow cytometry. Angioblasts at this stage exhibited dual paths of differentiation toward hematopoietic and vascular fates. To examine whether derived angioblasts could reconstitute the endothelium, we built an ex vivo culture system and seeded fluorescently labeled angioblast cultures onto a denuded segment of the femoral artery. We found that the seeded cells were able to grow into the endothelium on the interior surface of denuded artery segments within 5 days after seeding. After 14 days of ex vivo culture, the transplanted cells expressed CD31, an endothelial marker. The control arteries, seeded with vehicle only, did not harbor cells with endothelial markers. We conclude that ESC-derived angioblasts are promising therapeutic agents for repairing damaged vasculature, and that the baboon model will be vital for optimizing therapies for human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA.
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13
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Belshan M, Kimata JT, Brown C, Cheng X, McCulley A, Larsen A, Thippeshappa R, Hodara V, Giavedoni L, Hirsch V, Ratner L. Vpx is critical for SIVmne infection of pigtail macaques. Retrovirology 2012; 9:32. [PMID: 22531456 PMCID: PMC3353869 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral protein X (Vpx) of SIV has been reported to be important for establishing infection in vivo. Vpx has several different activities in vitro, promoting preintegration complex import into the nucleus in quiescent lymphocytes and overcoming a block in reverse transcription in macrophages. Vpx interacts with the DDB1-CUL4-DCAF1 E3 ligase complex, which may or may not be required for the ascribed functions. The goal of the current study was to determine whether these activities of Vpx are important in vivo. RESULTS An infectious, pathogenic clone of SIVmne was used to examine correlations between Vpx functions in vitro and in vivo. Three previously described HIV-2 Vpx mutants that were shown to be important for nuclear import of the preintegration complex in quiescent lymphocytes were constructed in SIVmne: A vpx-deleted virus, a truncation of Vpx at amino acid 102 that deletes the C-terminal proline-rich domain (X(102)), and a mutant with tyrosines 66, 69, and 71 changed to alanine (X(y-a)). All mutant viruses replicated similarly to wild type SIVmne027 in primary pigtail macaque PBMCs, and were only slightly retarded in CEMx174 cells. However, all the vpx mutant viruses were defective for replication in both human and pigtail monocyte-derived macrophages. PCR assays demonstrated that the efficiency of reverse transcription and the levels of viral integration in macrophages were substantially reduced for the vpx mutant viruses. In vitro, the X(y-a) mutant, but not the X(102) mutant lost interaction with DCAF1. The wild type SIVmne027 and the three vpx mutant SIVs were inoculated by the intra-rectal route into pigtail macaques. Peak levels of plasma viremia of the vpx mutant SIVs were variable, but consistently lower than that observed in macaques infected with wild type SIVmne. In situ hybridization for SIV demonstrated that compared to wild type SIVmne infected macaques five of the six animals inoculated with the vpx mutant SIVs had only low levels of SIV-expressing cells in the rectum, most intestinal epithelial tissues, spleen, and mesenteric and peripheral nodes. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that the activities of Vpx to overcome restrictions in culture in vitro are also likely to be important for establishment of infection in vivo and suggest that both the nuclear localization and DCAF1-interaction functions of Vpx are critical in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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14
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Waleh N, Seidner S, McCurnin D, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Goelz S, Liu BM, Roman C, Clyman RI. Anatomic closure of the premature patent ductus arteriosus: The role of CD14+/CD163+ mononuclear cells and VEGF in neointimal mound formation. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:332-8. [PMID: 21691249 PMCID: PMC3166370 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182294471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Permanent closure of the newborn ductus arteriosus requires the development of neointimal mounds to completely occlude its lumen. VEGF is required for neointimal mound formation. The size of the neointimal mounds (composed of proliferating endothelial and migrating smooth muscle cells) is directly related to the number of VLA4 mononuclear cells that adhere to the ductus lumen after birth. We hypothesized that VEGF plays a crucial role in attracting CD14/CD163 mononuclear cells (expressing VLA4) to the ductus lumen and that CD14/CD163 cell adhesion to the ductus lumen is important for neointimal growth. We used neutralizing antibodies against VEGF and VLA-4 to determine their respective roles in remodeling the ductus of premature newborn baboons. Anti-VEGF treatment blocked CD14/CD163 cell adhesion to the ductus lumen and prevented neointimal growth. Anti-VLA-4 treatment blocked CD14/CD163 cell adhesion to the ductus lumen, decreased the expression of PDGF-B (which promotes smooth muscle migration), and blocked smooth muscle influx into the neointimal subendothelial space (despite the presence of increased VEGF in the ductus wall). We conclude that VEGF is necessary for CD14/CD163 cell adhesion to the ductus lumen and that CD14/CD163 cell adhesion is essential for VEGF-induced expansion of the neointimal subendothelial zone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/metabolism
- Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Infant, Newborn
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Neointima
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Papio
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Waleh
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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15
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Sariol CA, Martínez MI, Rivera F, Rodríguez IV, Pantoja P, Abel K, Arana T, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, White LJ, Angleró YI, Montaner LJ, Kraiselburd EN. Decreased dengue replication and an increased anti-viral humoral response with the use of combined Toll-like receptor 3 and 7/8 agonists in macaques. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19323. [PMID: 21559444 PMCID: PMC3084804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic versus protective outcomes to Dengue virus (DENV) infection are
associated with innate immune function. This study aimed to determine the
role of increased TLR3- and TLR7/8-mediated innate signaling after Dengue
infection of rhesus macaques in vivo to evaluate its impact
on disease and anti-DENV immune responses. Methodology/Principal Findings TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists (emulsified in Montanide) were administered
subcutaneously to rhesus macaques at 48 hours and 7 days after DENV
infection. The Frequency and activation of myeloid dendritic cells,
plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and B cells were measured by flow cytometry
while the serum levels of 14 different cytokines and chemokines were
quantified. Adaptive immune responses were measured by DENV-specific
antibody subtype measurements. Results showed that the combined TLR agonists
reduced viral replication and induced the development of a proinflammatory
reaction, otherwise absent in Dengue infection alone, without any clear
signs of exacerbated disease. Specifically, the TLR-induced response was
characterized by activation changes in mDC subsets concurrent with higher
serum levels of CXCL-10 and IL-1Ra. TLR stimulation also induced higher
titers of anti-DENV antibodies and acted to increase the IgG2/IgG1 ratio of
anti-DENV to favor the subtype associated with DENV control. We also
observed an effect of DENV-mediated suppression of mDC activation consistent
with prior in vitro studies. Conclusions/Significance These data show that concurrent TLR3/7/8 activation of the innate immune
response after DENV infection in vivo acts to increase
antiviral mechanisms via increased inflammatory and humoral responses in
rhesus macaques, resulting in decreased viremia and melioration of the
infection. These findings underscore an in vivo protective
rather than a pathogenic role for combined TLR3/7/8-mediated activation in
Dengue infection of rhesus macaques. Our study provides definitive
proof-of-concept into the mechanism by which DENV evades immune recognition
and activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America.
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16
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Shi Q, Hodara V, Butler SD, Thomas Iii CA, Hubbard GB, VandeBerg JL, Wang XL. Differential bone marrow stem cell mobilization by G-CSF injection or arterial ligation in baboons. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1896-1906. [PMID: 20187303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are mobilized in response to ischemic attacks, e.g. myocardial infarction, to repair the damage, or by cytokines, e.g. granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is used to harvest BMSCs for autologous transplantation. In order to optimize BMSC mobilization strategy for cardiovascular repair, we investigated whether BMSCs mobilized by G-CSF share the same subtype profile as that by ischemia in a non-human primate model. We subjected five baboons to subcutaneous G-CSF injection and five baboons to femoral artery ligation. Blood BMSCs were measured by surface antigens; functional differentiation to endothelial cells (ECs) was assessed by colony-forming capacity, expression of mature EC antigens and tube-like formation. The number of circulating CD34+/CD45RA- cells spiked on day 3 post-stimulation in both groups. While the number of CD34+ cells released by artery ligation was 2-fold lower by comparison with the number released by G-CSF administration, significantly more CD133+/KDR+/CXCR4+/CD31+ cells were detected in the baboons that underwent artery ligation. After culture in endothelial growth medium, mononuclear cells from baboons with artery ligation formed more EC colonies and more capillary-like tubes (P < 0.05), expressed higher vWF and phagocytosed more Dil-Ac-LDL (P < 0.05). While G-CSF and artery ligation can mobilize BMSCs capable of differentiating into ECs, BMSCs mobilized by the artery ligation simulating in vivo ischemic attacks have higher potential for vascular differentiation. Our findings demonstrate that different mobilization forces release different sets of BMSCs that may have different capacity for cardiovascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Charles A Thomas Iii
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xing L Wang
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Rainwater DL, Shi Q, Mahaney MC, Hodara V, Vandeberg JL, Wang XL. Genetic regulation of endothelial inflammatory responses in baboons. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1628-33. [PMID: 20508207 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.205740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic contributions to the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (ECs) and to the release by ECs of chemokines, which are responsible for local inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Monocyte adhesion to ECs and transmigration across the endothelial barrier are the key steps in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the rupture of the existing plaques. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the femoral arteries of 131 pedigreed baboons (65 males and 66 females) aged 10.4+/-1.5 years (mean+/-SD); arterial ECs were harvested and cultured up to the second passage and then subjected to in vitro challenge with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, 10 ng/mL, or vehicle for 4 hours. Endothelial surface adhesion molecules were measured using flow cytometry, and chemokines released by the ECs were measured by immunoassay. In response to TNF-alpha treatment, interleukin 8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 released by ECs were increased 3.4- and 26-fold, respectively (P<0.001). The expressions of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were increased 12.2-, 41.4-, and 3.5-fold, respectively (P<0.001). The quantitative levels of several traits were heritable after TNF-alpha stimulation: h(2)=0.24 (P=0.02) for interleukin 8 and h(2)=0.28 (P=0.003) for E-selectin in culture medium; h(2)=0.21 (P=0.03) for intercellular adhesion molecule-1; and h(2)=0.37 (P<0.001) for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on EC surfaces. Furthermore, significant heritability was observed for lysate protein level, which is a measure of cell growth rate, with (h(2)=0.64, P<0.001) or without (h(2)=0.51, P<0.001) TNF-alpha stimulation. CONCLUSIONS This study reports on the heritability of adhesion molecules in ECs when activated by TNF-alpha. This finding suggests genetic regulation of key arterial wall inflammatory processes that are responsible for the initiation of atherosclerotic lesions and the plaque rupture of existing atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rainwater
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Monticelli A, Lewi D, Salomon H, Pampuro S, Libonatti O, Jauregui Rueda H, Hodara V. Regression of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma following combined antiretroviral treatment. Rev Argent Microbiol 2000; 32:206-8. [PMID: 11149154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess regression of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients in Argentina. Eighteen male AIDS patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma at different clinical stages received KS specific treatment and/or anti-retroviral therapy. Triple anti-retroviral therapy was given to most of the patients with the exception of four who received zidovudine (ZDV) in combination with another nucleoside analogue but no protease inhibitors. Plasma viral load and CD4+ T lymphocyte number were measured in two blood samples (before and after treatment). Complete remission was found in all patients (five) at KS stage I, three out of eight patients at stage II but in none at stages III and IV. Two out of three patients at KS stage IV did not respond to treatments at all. Three patients at KS stages I and II showed complete remission of sarcoma with only anti-retroviral therapy suggesting that anti-retroviral therapy and non-KS specific chemotherapy can successfully control KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monticelli
- FAIVIH/S (Fundación de Asistencia e Información en VIH/SIDA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Hodara V, Monticelli A, Pampuro S, Salomón H, Jauregui Rueda H, Libonatti O. HIV-1 viral load: comparative evaluation of three commercially available assays in Argentina. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam 1998; 48:107-13. [PMID: 9695883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral load (HIV-RNA copies per milliliter of plasma) has good correlation to prognosis considering progression to AIDS. The evaluation of commercial kits to measure viral load has become a need to find the most specific, sensitive and reproducible procedure to follow up HIV-infected patients. Hereby, a comparative analysis was done by using three different assays available in Argentina for quantitation of HIV-RNA in plasma. A plasma panel: 20 from HIV-1 infected individuals (9 asymptomatic and 11 symptomatic) and 9 from HIV-1 seronegative individuals was studied. Samples were run by Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (Roche Diagnostic System, USA) Quantiplex HIV-1 RNA 2.0 Assay (Chiron Corporation, USA) and NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT (Organon Teknika, Holland). RNA was extracted from 0.2 ml of plasma for Amplicor, 0.1 ml and 1 ml of plasma for NASBA and, duplicates of 1 ml of plasma was centrifuged and pellet was used for bDNA assay no RNA extraction step. For a given specimen, a log difference of < 0.5 between assays was considered as concordant result. All seronegative samples were bellow the detection limit for all assays (Amplicor 200 c/ml, NASBA 400 c/ml and Quantiplex (bDNA) 500 c/ml). Two samples from asymptomatic patients were not detectable by NASBA (Sensitivity: 90%) Sensitivity was increased to 100% by using 1 ml of plasma. All samples were detectable by the other assays (sensitivity: 100%). For NASBA-bDNA, 74% samples were concordant, 35% for Amplicor-bDNA and 53% for NASBA-Amplicor. By using 1 ml of plasma from asymptomatic patients, concordance was 65% for NASBA-bDNA and 60% for NASBA Amplicor. Comparing samples from asymptomatic patients, only 22% was concordant in both cases. Reproducibility of NASBA was low (33% with differences lower than 0.5 Log) when 0.1 and 1 ml were used. Due to the levels of concordance of these results, it would be suggested to use always the same technique to follow up HIV-1 infection. The reproducibility of the assays should be tested by every laboratory and for every technician in charge of the assay in order to have confidence in the results specially to follow up HIV-infected patients or to monitor anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hodara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Buenos Aires' School of Medicine, Argentina
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20
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Jeddi-Tehrani M, Hodara V, Esin S, Török C, Wigzell H, Andersson R. T-cell receptor BJ gene segment expression in human umbilical cord blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Scand J Immunol 1997; 46:520-6. [PMID: 9393636 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
By employing RT-PCR-based technology, followed by Southern-blot analysis, patterns of relative TRC BJ gene segment usage in human CD4+ and CD8+ umbilical cord blood T cells (UCT) from ten children were determined in relation to seven recombined TCR BV gene (sub) families (BV 3, 5S1, 6S1-3, 8, 9, 12 and 18). Normal frequency of usage of individual BJ members was observed to be extremely nonrandom. BJ usage in association with each BV was ranked and mean ranking values were calculated for individual BJs. Moreover, BJ family usage and family ranges as well as individual BJ over-representations were determined. In all these aspects of BJ exon expression, CD4+ and CD8+ UCT displayed similar distribution patterns. Comparisons of BJ usage in UCT subpopulations and in the adult peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counterparts were performed and many similarities were observed. However, discrepancies in two parameters were recorded; contrary to observations in PBL, individual BJ over-representations were virtually absent in UCT, and significantly less wide BJ family ranges were demonstrated in CD8+ UCT relative to CD8+ PBL T cells. These differences support the notion that UCT are in a less dynamic state than are PBL T cells. Hence, despite the fact that PBL T cells are subjected to continuous antigenic challenge, the striking resemblance of PBL and UCT with regard to the overall individual relative usage, ranking, mean ranking and family utilisation of BJ gene segments, irrespective of the choice of recombined BV exons, may suggest a relatively nondiscriminatory role for the BJ gene product in antigen recognition as compared to those encoded by the BV, (N) and BD gene segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeddi-Tehrani
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Colognesi C, Halapi E, Jansson M, Hodara V, Steuer G, Tresoldi E, Leitner T, Scarlatti G. The role of virologic and immunologic factors in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 38:197-200. [PMID: 9325492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM More than 90% of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in children is acquired by mother-to-child transmission. However, infection of the child occurs in between 14 and 35% of cases. METHOD OF STUDY To understand the mechanisms involved in HIV-1 transmission, we have investigated the antigenic, molecular, and phenotypic characteristics of the virus harbored in infected mothers and their children. RESULTS A clear correlation was observed between the transmission of the virus and the isolation of viral variants with a rapidly replicating and syncytium-inducing phenotype from the mother. Furthermore, non-transmitting mothers were able to neutralize several primary isolates more frequently than transmitting mothers. The comparison of the viral phenotype and genotype of mother-child pairs showed that the transmitted virus did not have common features, suggesting that transmission is usually not a selective process. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that transmission is governed by an interaction of both viral and immunological factors. The results obtained indicate that different strategies can be applied for the prevention of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Colognesi
- Unit of Immunobiology of HIV, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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22
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Zhang YJ, Fadeel B, Hodara V, Fenyö EM. Induction of apoptosis by primary HIV-1 isolates correlates with productive infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AIDS 1997; 11:1219-25. [PMID: 9256939 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199710000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the apoptosis-inducing capacity of HIV-1 primary isolates in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in relation to the viral biological phenotype. DESIGN AND METHODS Four HIV-1 primary isolates capable of replicating and inducing syncytia in the MT-2 cell line and two primary isolates lacking these properties were used to infect PBMC with the same infectious doses. The kinetics of virus production in the culture supernatants were followed in relation to apoptosis induction in PBMC as determined by intracellular labelling of apoptotic DNA strand breaks and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS When low virus dose was used (0.001 m.o.i.), productive virus infection, with peak reverse transcriptase (RT) activity at days 5-7, was followed by high numbers of apoptotic cells at day 10 post infection. Tenfold higher inoculum dose (0.01 m.o.i.) resulted in enhanced virus production with peak RT activity at day 3 followed by high numbers of apoptotic cells at day 5 after infection. The apoptosis-inducing capacity of virus isolates was independent of their capacity to induce syncytia or replicate in the MT-2 cell line. However, upon cocultivation of infected PBMC with MT-2 cells, only virus with the MT-2 tropic phenotype initiated productive infection and induced apoptosis in MT-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results show that apoptosis induction in PBMC by primary HIV-1 isolates is closely related to the kinetics of virus replication but is not influenced by other biological properties of the virus such as syncytium-inducing capacity and MT-2 tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zhang
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Esin S, Gül A, Hodara V, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Dilsen N, Koniçe M, Andersson R, Wigzell H. Peripheral blood T cell expansions in patients with Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 107:520-7. [PMID: 9067527 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder characterized mainly by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcerations and uveitis. Etiology and pathogenesis of BD remain unknown. T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha/V beta gene product expression as well as Jbeta gene segment expression in peripheral blood of BD patients were analysed to investigate the possible role of T lymphocytes in the etiopathogenesis of BD. Flow cytometry with 12 TCR V-specific MoAbs was used for TCRV analyses. Jbeta gene segment usage by T cell populations expressing certain V betas was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with V beta- and C beta-specific primers, Southern blotting of PCR products, and subsequent hybridization with radiolabelled Jbeta gene segment-specific probes. Although 13 of the 23 BD patients exhibited increases in expression of one or more TCR V-gene products, only expansions among the CD4+ T cell subset were significantly more frequent in BD patients (7/23) compared with healthy controls (0/15) (P = 0.019). Six out of eight cases followed for up to 20 months had at least one expansion correlated with disease activity. A strict preference for particular Jbeta gene segments implicating clonality was apparent in all analysed T cell expansions and correlated well with disease activity. These results suggest a possible involvement of antigen-specific T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esin
- Microbiology and Tumourbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Halapi E, Gigliotti D, Hodara V, Scarlatti G, Tovo PA, DeMaria A, Wigzell H, Rossi P. Detection of CD8 T-cell expansions with restricted T-cell receptor V gene usage in infants vertically infected by HIV-1. AIDS 1996; 10:1621-6. [PMID: 8970681 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199612000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire usage in infants born to mothers infected with HIV-1 in order to discern possible perturbations in TCR usage as a consequence of HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Blood samples from five HIV-1-infected and six non-infected children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers were collected at two to three timepoints during the first and second year of life and the TCR variable gene usage was determined. METHODS Triple staining flow cytometry analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to TCR V alpha and V beta gene products and antibodies to CD4 and CD8 was performed. RESULTS Frequent large expansions of CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations bearing distinct V alpha and V beta gene products was seen in HIV-1-infected children (four out of five) but was rarely detected in uninfected children. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the frequent occurrence of persistent and clonal expansions of CD8+ T cells bearing distinct V alpha/V beta gene products in some HIV-1 vertically infected infants similar to those observed during primary infection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Halapi
- Microbiology and Tumourbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Gigliotti D, Lefvert AK, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Esin S, Hodara V, Pirskanen R, Wigzell H, Andersson R. Overexpression of Select T Cell Receptor Vβ Gene Families within CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Subsets of Myasthenia Gravis Patients: A Role for Superantigen(s)? Mol Med 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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26
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Gigliotti D, Lefvert AK, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Esin S, Hodara V, Pirskanen R, Wigzell H, Andersson R. Overexpression of select T cell receptor V beta gene families within CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets of myasthenia gravis patients: a role for superantigen(s)? Mol Med 1996; 2:452-9. [PMID: 8827715 PMCID: PMC2230170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG), muscle weakness and fatigue due to impaired neuromuscular transmission, are caused by autoantibodies to the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The mechanisms underlying the autoimmune response, however, appear to be initiated by activation of specific HLA class II-restricted CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, central to elucidating the causation of MG is determining how T cells are recruited to contribute to misguided immunological assaults on the major autoantigenic target, AChR. MATERIALS AND METHODS By combining a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy and Southern blot technique, we have analyzed the frequency of expression of 22 individual T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene subfamilies in CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T cell subsets derived from eight MG patients and seven healthy controls. The quantification of relative usage of individual TCR J beta gene segments was performed by hybridization of PCR-amplified products (specifically V beta 1-C beta) with a complete panel of 32P-5'-end-labeled J beta-specific oligonucleotide probes, followed by scanning analysis of autoradiographs. RESULTS Comparisons of data obtained from V beta analyses of T cells from MG patients with those from healthy individuals established that MG patients significantly overexpressed V beta 1, V beta 13.2, V beta 17, and V beta 20 gene family members within both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations. Moreover, analysis of the relative utilization of individual TCR J beta gene segments in V beta 1+/CD4+ and V beta 1+/CD8+ T lymphocytes revealed distribution patterns in patients indistinguishable from those recorded in the corresponding cell subsets derived from controls. CONCLUSIONS T lymphocytes from MG patients displayed a biased overexpression of four TCR V beta gene segments: V beta 1, V beta 13.2, V beta 17, and V beta 20. The relative frequencies of association of individual V beta 1 (D beta) J beta combinations revealed that J beta gene usage in the V beta 1-over-represented T cell subsets had normal distribution patterns. It can thus be deduced that J beta gene segment products appear not to have a selective effect on the process leading to overexpression of V beta 1 exons in MG patients. Hence, our observations suggest a possible role for superantigen(s) in the T cell activation in MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gigliotti
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Esin S, Hodara V, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Grunewald J, Svenberg T, Andersson R, Wigzell H. Enhanced prevalence of T cell receptor V beta 7 gene family expression in human intestine-associated T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 1996; 51:149-55. [PMID: 8832283 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(96)02544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Relative levels of expression of T cell receptor variable (V) beta and joining (J) beta gene segments were determined in T cells derived from intestinal biopsies of healthy mucosal areas, mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood of the same individuals. Samples taken from patients suffering from inflammatory (n = 8) and non-inflammatory (n = 8) bowel diseases were analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based methods. In the intestine, fewer (median = 3.5) V beta gene segments constituted more than 50% of the T cell receptor V beta repertoire compared to that of peripheral blood T cells (median = 7, P < 0.001). Interestingly, in all sixteen individuals studied, intestinal T lymphocytes (IL-T) expressed the V beta 7 gene family to a higher degree than did T cells in the paired peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph nodes (P < 0.001). T cell receptor J beta gene segment analyses of V beta 7+ T cells revealed no significant difference in oligoclonality rates between peripheral blood (4/16) and intestine (7/16) (P = 0.46). Hence, overexpression of intestinal TCR V beta 7 message does not seem to be due to oligoclonal expansions in the majority of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esin
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Scarlatti G, Leitner T, Hodara V, Jansson M, Karlsson A, Wahlberg J, Rossi P, Uhlén M, Fenyö EM, Albert J. Interplay of HIV-1 phenotype and neutralizing antibody response in pathogenesis of AIDS. Immunol Lett 1996; 51:23-8. [PMID: 8811340 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(96)02550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals display a rapid loss of CD4+ lymphocytes with fast progression towards overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a small proportion of individuals infected by HIV-1 remain immunologically intact for many years. In order to identify factors that might influence the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, 21 Italian mothers and 11 Swedish homosexual men were studied for the presence of autologous neutralizing antibodies in serum, biological phenotype of virus isolates and envelope variable region 3 (V3) sequences. The results were compared to the risk of mother-to-child transmission and progression of the disease. The presence of a neutralizing antibody response to the autologous virus as well as a virus with slow replicative capacity were linked both to low risk of mother-to-child transmission and non-progression of the disease. Patients whose peripheral blood mononuclear cells contained a mutation in the tip of the V3 loop (Arg318 to serine, lysine or leucine) significantly more often had neutralizing antibodies to autologous virus isolates containing arginine at this position. Thus, it appears that the interplay and balance between neutralizing antibody response of the host and the biological phenotype of HIV-1 strongly influence pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scarlatti
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Jeddi-Tehrani M, Hodara V, Esin S, Grunewald J, Wigzell H, Andersson R. T-cell receptor J beta gene segment usage in immature and mature human thymocytes. Scand J Immunol 1995; 42:449-56. [PMID: 7569778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immature double positive (DP, CD4+CD8+) and mature single positive (SP, CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) human thymocytes from nine thymi were analysed for their complete patterns of relative TCR J beta multigene member usage in relation to six rearranged V beta family exons (V beta 5.1, 6.1-3, 8, 9, 12 and 18). Each sample tested contained mRNA transcripts corresponding to all potential V beta(D beta)J beta combinations. Individual J beta gene segments were expressed in a similar, highly non-random manner both in SP and DP thymocytes, irrespective of original genomic position of the individual associated V beta exon. In addition, ranges of family usage and frequency of individual over-representations of J beta gene segments, as determined in DP and SP thymocyte populations, displayed no significant differences. Upon comparison of DP and SP thymocytes, however, a discrepancy in one aspect of J beta gene utilization was established: decreasing J beta family 1/J beta family 2 ratios were determined to be positively correlated with increasing maturity of thymocytes, a condition further supported by data previously obtained from studies of PBL T cells. At the individual J beta gene level, the observed gradual modification of the relative family usage can largely be explained by a significant shift from a higher J beta 1.1/J beta 2.7 ratio in DP to a higher J beta 2.7/J beta 1.1 ratio in SP thymocytes. Altogether, the present results imply that selectional processes in the thymus appear to have only minor consequences on the distribution pattern of expressed J beta exons. Hence, the disproportionate pattern of TCR J beta gene usage seems to be established mainly at the recombinatorial level followed by minor adjustments during thymic and post-thymic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeddi-Tehrani
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Esin S, Hodara V, Grunewald J, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Andersson R, Svenberg T, Wigzell H. Enhanced V beta 7 gene usage by intestinal T-lymphocytes in nondiseased human gut moieties. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 756:392-4. [PMID: 7645855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Esin
- Immunology Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patterson BK, Goolsby C, Hodara V, Lohman KL, Wolinsky SM. Detection of CD4+ T cells harboring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA by flow cytometry using simultaneous immunophenotyping and PCR-driven in situ hybridization: evidence of epitope masking of the CD4 cell surface molecule in vivo. J Virol 1995; 69:4316-22. [PMID: 7539507 PMCID: PMC189171 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.69.7.4316-4322.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage requires a specific interaction between the CD4 antigen expressed on the cell surface and the HIV-1 external envelope glycoprotein (gp120). To study the association between HIV-1 infection and modulation of cell surface expression of the CD4 molecule in vivo, we examined the CD4+ T cells harboring proviral DNA obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals who had received no antiretroviral therapy for at least 90 days. Simultaneous immunophenotyping of CD4 cell surface expression and PCR-driven in situ hybridization for HIV-1 DNA were used to resolve the CD4+ T cells into distinct populations predicted upon the presence or absence of proviral DNA. Among the HIV-1-infected study subjects, the percentage of CD4+ T cells harboring proviral DNA ranged from 17.3 to 55.5%, with a mean of 40.5%. Cell surface fluorescent staining with anti-CD4 antibody directed against a non-gp120 binding site-related epitope (L120) or a conformation-dependent epitope of the gp120 binding site (Leu 3A) demonstrated either an equivalent or a 1.5- to 3-fold-lower cell surface staining intensity for the HIV-1 DNA-positive subpopulation relative to the HIV-1 DNA-negative subpopulation, respectively. These data suggest that masking or alteration of specific epitopes on the CD4 molecule occurs after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Jeddi-Tehrani M, Grunewald J, Hodara V, Andersson R, Wigzell H. Nonrandom T-cell receptor J beta usage pattern in human CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T cells. Hum Immunol 1994; 40:93-100. [PMID: 7928448 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Association frequencies of TCR J beta gene segments with six V beta families (V beta 3, 6.1-3, 8, 9, 12, and 18) were analyzed in T-cell populations obtained from healthy blood donors. The six selected V beta families are located at various chromosomal positions relative to other recombinatorial elements (D beta, J beta, C beta). We report here that in CD4+ as well as CD8+ T-cell subsets, all 13 J beta gene segments were used in combination with all the V beta s tested and that no correlation between the genomic position of the individual V beta s and J beta gene segment usage was observed. J beta gene segment usage was found to be nonrandom in general, with J beta 2.7 and J beta 2.4 exhibiting highest and lowest frequency of utilization, respectively. J beta family 2 was used more frequently than J beta family 1 by the two T-cell subsets. Some individual J beta gene segments were skewed toward either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Thus, J beta 1.3 and J beta 1.6 were consistently biased toward expression in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, when combined with V beta 8 or V beta 9, J beta 2.1 results were skewed dramatically toward expression in CD8+ T cells. We also found 70 cases of expanded individual V beta/J beta associations in a total of 1092 investigated combinations, 62 of which were confined to the CD8+ T-cell populations. CD8+ T-cell populations are thus much more likely to contain TCR V beta/J beta-restricted expansions than CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeddi-Tehrani
- Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Scarlatti G, Hodara V, Rossi P, Muggiasca L, Bucceri A, Albert J, Fenyö EM. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from mother to child correlates with viral phenotype. Virology 1993; 197:624-9. [PMID: 8249285 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1993.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is influenced by the biological phenotype of the mother's virus. Virus isolates from 30 HIV-1 infected mothers and 12 infected children born to these mothers were analyzed for replication on several cell lines (Jurkat-tat, Jurkat, CEM, U937 clone 2, and MT-2). We show that mothers who harbor virus able to replicate in cell lines (rapid/high virus) have a significantly higher risk to infect their children than mothers with slow/low virus (P = 0.017). Children born to mothers with rapid/high viruses can be infected by slow/low as well as rapid/high viruses, while mothers with slow/low virus appear to transmit slow/low virus in every case. Our study shows that the biological phenotype of the mother's virus may serve as a complementary marker to CD4+ lymphocyte counts and p24 antigenemia in predicting the risk of transmission of HIV-1 to the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scarlatti
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Scarlatti G, Leitner T, Hodara V, Halapi E, Rossi P, Albert J, Fenyö EM. Neutralizing antibodies and viral characteristics in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS 1993; 7 Suppl 2:S45-8. [PMID: 8161445 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199311002-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine viral characteristics and the protective effect of virus neutralizing antibodies in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. MOLECULAR STUDIES Ten HIV-1-infected mother-child pairs were sampled within 4 months of delivery. Variable region 3 of the viral envelope was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and sequenced, directly and/or after cloning, by solid-phase DNA sequencing. The amino acid sequence of variable region 3 from all 10 children was homogeneous, whereas the mothers showed varying degrees of heterogeneity. Apparently, selection of an HIV-1 variant occurs either at transmission or during initial virus replication in the infected child. No characteristic molecular features of the transmitted virus were identified. BIOLOGICAL STUDIES Virus isolates from 13 mother-child pairs were characterized for replicative capacity in a variety of cell lines. Eight mothers from whom a virus with a slow/low replicative pattern was isolated transmitted the slow/low virus to their children, whereas mothers with a rapid/high virus transmitted either a rapid/high or a slow/low virus (two cases each). This indicates that viruses with rapid/high replicative capacity do not have a selective advantage during transmission. VIRUS NEUTRALIZING Sera from 20 mothers were characterized for the ability to neutralize their own virus (autologous neutralization) and virus from other mothers (heterologous neutralization). The results showed that non-transmitting mothers had neutralizing antibodies against autologous virus more frequently than transmitting mothers. In addition, all mothers with autologous neutralizing antibodies also neutralized at least two heterologous primary isolates. This indicates that a broad neutralizing antibody response may be linked to a lower risk of mother-to-child transmission. CONCLUSION On the basis of the variable region 3 loop sequence, HIV-1-infected infants harbour homogenous virus populations. Despite this, no molecular or biological markers for selective transmission could be identified. A maternal neutralizing antibody response with broad specificity may protect the child from HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scarlatti
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Scarlatti G, Albert J, Rossi P, Hodara V, Biraghi P, Muggiasca L, Fenyö EM. Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: correlation with neutralizing antibodies against primary isolates. J Infect Dis 1993; 168:207-10. [PMID: 8515110 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/168.1.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neutralizing antibodies in mother's serum on the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Sera from 20 HIV-1 infected mothers were analyzed for their ability to neutralize their own virus (autologous neutralization) and virus obtained from other mothers (heterologous neutralization). A statistically significant correlation was found between the capacity to neutralize 1 selected primary isolate and protection of the child from infection. Also, neutralizing antibodies against autologous virus were more frequently present in nontransmitting mothers than in transmitting mothers (5 and 2, respectively, of 10 mothers). The mothers with autologous neutralizing antibodies also neutralized at least 2 heterologous primary isolates. Thus, mothers with neutralizing antibodies to primary HIV-1 isolates have a reduced risk of infecting their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scarlatti
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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