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Abdulhaqq SA, Martinez M, Kang G, Rodriguez IV, Nichols SM, Beaumont D, Joseph J, Azzoni L, Yin X, Wise M, Weiner D, Liu Q, Foulkes A, Münch J, Kirchhoff F, Coutifaris C, Tomaras GD, Sariol C, Marx PA, Li Q, Kraiselburd EN, Montaner LJ. Repeated semen exposure decreases cervicovaginal SIVmac251 infection in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3753. [PMID: 31434895 PMCID: PMC6704120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen is the vehicle for virion dissemination in the female reproductive tract (FRT) in male-to-female HIV transmission. Recent data suggests that higher frequency semen exposure is associated with activation of anti-HIV mechanisms in HIV negative sex workers. Here, we use a non-human primate (NHP) model to show that repeated vaginal exposure to semen significantly reduces subsequent infection by repeated low-dose vaginal SIVmac251 challenge. Repeated semen exposures result in lower CCR5 expression in circulating CD4+ T-cells, as well as higher expression of Mx1 (in correlation with IFNε expression) and FoxP3 in the cervicovaginal mucosa, and increased infiltration of CD4+ T-cells. Establishing in vivo evidence of competing effects of semen on transmission impacts our basic understanding of what factors may determine HIV infectivity in humans. Our results clearly indicate that repeated semen exposure can profoundly modulate the FRT microenvironment, paradoxically promoting host resistance against HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melween Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Guobin Kang
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Idia V Rodriguez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Stephanie M Nichols
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - David Beaumont
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan Wise
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
| | - Preston A Marx
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, and Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Edmundo N Kraiselburd
- Caribbean Primate Research Center and Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, United States
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2
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Abdulhaqq SA, Zorrilla C, Kang G, Yin X, Tamayo V, Seaton KE, Joseph J, Garced S, Tomaras GD, Linn KA, Foulkes AS, Azzoni L, VerMilyea M, Coutifaris C, Kossenkov AV, Showe L, Kraiselburd EN, Li Q, Montaner LJ. HIV-1-negative female sex workers sustain high cervical IFNɛ, low immune activation, and low expression of HIV-1-required host genes. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1027-38. [PMID: 26555708 PMCID: PMC4864149 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex workers practicing in high HIV endemic areas have been extensively targeted to test anti-HIV prophylactic strategies. We hypothesize that in women with high levels of genital exposure to semen changes in cervico-vaginal mucosal and/or systemic immune activation will contribute to a decreased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. To address this question, we assessed sexual activity and immune activation status (in peripheral blood), as well as cellular infiltrates and gene expression in ectocervical mucosa biopsies in female sex workers (FSWs; n=50), as compared with control women (CG; n=32). FSWs had low-to-absent HIV-1-specific immune responses with significantly lower CD38 expression on circulating CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cells (both: P<0.001) together with lower cervical gene expression of genes associated with leukocyte homing and chemotaxis. FSWs also had increased levels of interferon-ɛ (IFNɛ) gene and protein expression in the cervical epithelium together with reduced expression of genes associated with HIV-1 integration and replication. A correlative relationship between semen exposure and elevated type-1 IFN expression in FSWs was also established. Overall, our data suggest that long-term condomless sex work can result in multiple changes within the cervico-vaginal compartment that would contribute to sustaining a lower susceptibility for HIV-1 infection in the absence of HIV-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Zorrilla
- Maternal-Infant Study Center (CEMI), University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00963
| | - Guobin Kang
- University of Nebraska, School of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | | | - Vivian Tamayo
- Maternal-Infant Study Center (CEMI), University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00963
| | - Kelly E. Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | - Sheyla Garced
- Maternal-Infant Study Center (CEMI), University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00963
| | | | - Kristin A. Linn
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrea S. Foulkes
- University of Massachusetts, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingsheng Li
- University of Nebraska, School of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, Lincoln, NE 68583
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3
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Demers A, Kang G, Ma F, Lu W, Yuan Z, Li Y, Lewis M, Kraiselburd EN, Montaner L, Li Q. The mucosal expression pattern of interferon-ε in rhesus macaques. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1101-7. [PMID: 25139290 PMCID: PMC4226795 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0214-088rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. A novel type I IFN, namely IFN-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of HSV2 and Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. Nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of IFN-ε in tissues remain uncertain. In addition, the expression of IFN-ε in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has not been reported. Here, we analyzed IFN-ε expression in multiple mucosal sites of uninfected or SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques using IHCS. We report for the first time the detection of IFN-ε expression in situ in the lung, foreskin, vaginal, cervical, and small and large intestinal mucosae of rhesus macaques. We found that the expression of IFN-ε was exclusive to the epithelial cells in all of the aforementioned mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the macaque IFN-ε sequence in this study revealed that macaque IFN-ε is highly conserved among human and other nonhuman primates. Lastly, SIV rectal infection did not significantly alter the expression of IFN-ε in rectal mucosae. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-ε may function as the first line of defense against the invasion of mucosal pathogens. Further studies should be conducted to examine IFN-ε protection against gastrointestinal as well as respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Demers
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Guobin Kang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Fungrui Ma
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wuxun Lu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Edmundo N Kraiselburd
- Department of Microbiology and Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Luis Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA;
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4
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Rodriguez-Mercado R, Ford GD, Xu Z, Kraiselburd EN, Martinez MI, Eterović VA, Colon E, Rodriguez IV, Portilla P, Ferchmin PA, Gierbolini L, Rodriguez-Carrasquillo M, Powell MD, Pulliam JVK, McCraw CO, Gates A, Ford BD. Acute neuronal injury and blood genomic profiles in a nonhuman primate model for ischemic stroke. Comp Med 2012; 62:427-438. [PMID: 23114047 PMCID: PMC3472608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize acute neuronal injury in a novel nonhuman primate (NHP) ischemic stroke model by using multiple outcome measures. Silk sutures were inserted into the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery of rhesus macaques to achieve permanent occlusion of the vessel. The sutures were introduced via the femoral artery by using endovascular microcatheterization techniques. Within hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), infarction was detectable by using diffusion-weighted MRI imaging. The infarcts expanded by 24 h after MCAO and then were detectable on T2-weighted images. The infarcts seen by MRI were consistent with neuronal injury demonstrated histologically. Neurobehavioral function after MCAO was determined by using 2 neurologic testing scales. Neurologic assessments indicated that impairment after ischemia was limited to motor function in the contralateral arm; other neurologic and behavioral parameters were largely unaffected. We also used microarrays to examine gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after MCAO-induced ischemia. Several genes were altered in a time-dependent manner after MCAO, suggesting that this ischemia model may be suitable for identifying blood biomarkers associated with the presence and severity of ischemia. This NHP stroke model likely will facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms associated with acute neuronal injury after ischemia. In addition, the ability to identify candidate blood biomarkers in NHP after ischemia may prompt the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory D Ford
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
- Department of Biology, Morehouse College, and
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Edmundo N Kraiselburd
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melween I Martinez
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Idia V Rodriguez
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Pedro A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Lynette Gierbolini
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Carrasquillo
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - John VK Pulliam
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey O McCraw
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Alicia Gates
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
| | - Byron D Ford
- Departments of Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Animal Resources Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
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5
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Sariol CA, Martínez MI, Rivera F, Rodríguez IV, Pantoja P, Abel K, Arana T, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, White LJ, Angleró YI, Montaner LJ, Kraiselburd EN. Decreased dengue replication and an increased anti-viral humoral response with the use of combined Toll-like receptor 3 and 7/8 agonists in macaques. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19323. [PMID: 21559444 PMCID: PMC3084804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic versus protective outcomes to Dengue virus (DENV) infection are
associated with innate immune function. This study aimed to determine the
role of increased TLR3- and TLR7/8-mediated innate signaling after Dengue
infection of rhesus macaques in vivo to evaluate its impact
on disease and anti-DENV immune responses. Methodology/Principal Findings TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists (emulsified in Montanide) were administered
subcutaneously to rhesus macaques at 48 hours and 7 days after DENV
infection. The Frequency and activation of myeloid dendritic cells,
plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and B cells were measured by flow cytometry
while the serum levels of 14 different cytokines and chemokines were
quantified. Adaptive immune responses were measured by DENV-specific
antibody subtype measurements. Results showed that the combined TLR agonists
reduced viral replication and induced the development of a proinflammatory
reaction, otherwise absent in Dengue infection alone, without any clear
signs of exacerbated disease. Specifically, the TLR-induced response was
characterized by activation changes in mDC subsets concurrent with higher
serum levels of CXCL-10 and IL-1Ra. TLR stimulation also induced higher
titers of anti-DENV antibodies and acted to increase the IgG2/IgG1 ratio of
anti-DENV to favor the subtype associated with DENV control. We also
observed an effect of DENV-mediated suppression of mDC activation consistent
with prior in vitro studies. Conclusions/Significance These data show that concurrent TLR3/7/8 activation of the innate immune
response after DENV infection in vivo acts to increase
antiviral mechanisms via increased inflammatory and humoral responses in
rhesus macaques, resulting in decreased viremia and melioration of the
infection. These findings underscore an in vivo protective
rather than a pathogenic role for combined TLR3/7/8-mediated activation in
Dengue infection of rhesus macaques. Our study provides definitive
proof-of-concept into the mechanism by which DENV evades immune recognition
and activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America.
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6
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Sariol CA, Galib Y, Pantoja P, Colón L, González A, Tormos LM, Santana J, Luciano CA, González-Martínez J, Kraiselburd EN. Fatal granulomatous meningoencephalitis associated to mycobacterium mucogenicum-like microorganism: a case report. P R Health Sci J 2009; 28:276-280. [PMID: 19715122 PMCID: PMC2909603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium mucogenicum is rarely associated to human infections. However, in the last year, a few reports of sepsis and fatal cases of central nervous systems have been documented. Here we report a fatal case of granulomatous meningoencephalitis of three weeks of evolution where DNA from a M. mucogenicum-like microorganism was identified postmortem in samples of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR.
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7
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Sariol CA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Abel K, Rosado LC, Pantoja P, Giavedoni L, Rodriguez IV, White LJ, Martínez M, Arana T, Kraiselburd EN. Transcriptional activation of interferon-stimulated genes but not of cytokine genes after primary infection of rhesus macaques with dengue virus type 1. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:756-66. [PMID: 17428947 PMCID: PMC1951081 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00052-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Macaques are the only animal model used to test dengue virus (DENV) vaccine candidates. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of DENV in macaques is not well understood. In this work, by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays, we studied the broad transcriptional modifications and cytokine expression profile after infecting rhesus macaques with DENV serotype 1. Five days after infection, these animals produced a potent, innate antiviral immune response by inducing the transcription of signature genes from the interferon (IFN) pathway with demonstrated antiviral activity, such as myxoprotein, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, phospholipid scramblase 1, and viperin. Also, IFN regulatory element 7, IFN-stimulated gene 15, and protein ligases linked to the ISGylation process were up-regulated. Unexpectedly, no up-regulation of IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma genes was detected. Transcription of the genes of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was neither up-regulated nor down-regulated. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR and by multiplex cytokine detection in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067.
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8
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Sariol CA, González-Martínez J, Arana T, Gascot S, Suárez E, Maldonado E, Gerald MS, Rodríguez M, Kraiselburd EN. Differential distribution of antibodies to different viruses in young animals in the free-ranging rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. J Med Primatol 2007; 35:369-75. [PMID: 17214665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breeding colony of free-ranging rhesus macaques was established in 1938 in Cayo Santiago (CS) with animals collected in northern India. The seroprevalence to cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1 (B virus) and simian retroviruses has been studied previously. RESULTS This is the first report on the seropositivity to different viruses using samples collected shortly after removing animals (n = 245) from CS. All samples were negative for measles, simian immunodeficiency virus and simian type D retroviruses. The overall prevalence of antibodies was around 50% for simian T-lymphotropic virus I (STLV-I). For B virus, the prevalence was 38%. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained showed marked differences in the antibody distribution to B virus and STLV-I within the free-ranging colony of rhesus macaques. Implication of these data for the Specific Pathogen Free program at the Caribbean Primate Research Center are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
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9
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Sariol CA, Arana T, Maldonado E, Gerald M, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Rodriguez M, Kraiselburd EN. Herpes B-virus seroreactivity in a colony of Macaca mulatta: data from the Sabana Seca Field Station, a new Specific Pathogen-Free Program. J Med Primatol 2005; 34:13-9. [PMID: 15667339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The demand for B-virus-free animals for biomedical research is increasing, while at the same time the availability of such animals is decreasing. The establishment of Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) breeding macaque colonies is a priority of the National Institutes of Health. Nevertheless, it is well known that seroreactivity to B-virus can be difficult to interpret, particularly as it can vary over time in a single animal. The aim of the present study was to implement a reliable algorithm to examine B-virus reactivity among the rhesus monkey population of the Caribbean Primate Research Center. The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were determined using reports from two different laboratories as references. Whereas 95.4% of animals showed consistent serological status and 4.6% of animals recruited to this SPF program showed serovariability to B-virus over the initial 2 years of examination. Implications for all SPF programs are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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10
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Kraiselburd EN, Gadea C, Torres-bauza LJ. Interactions of HIV and STDs in a group of female prostitutes. Arch AIDS Res 2002; 3:149-57. [PMID: 12342195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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11
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Kraiselburd EN, Salaman A, Beltrán M, Rivera M, Oliver J, Kessler M, Knezevich M, Rodriguez A, Bilska M, Montefiori D, Torres-Bauza LJ, Martinez I. Vaccine evaluation studies of replication-defective SIVsmB7. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1997; 43:915-24. [PMID: 9449524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-infectious virus-like particles of SIVsmB7 that expresses env and gag gene products but are defective in pol and vpx/vpr were assessed for their ability to induce protective immunity against infection with pathogenic SIVsmE660 in rhesus macaques. Animals were immunized in three groups: group A was primed with cell-associated SIVsmB7 and boosted with cell-free SIVsmB7; group B was primed with cell-free SIVsmB7 and boosted with cell-free SIVsmB7 conjugated to iron oxide microbeads; group C was primed with cell-free SIVsmB7 mixed with Titer Max adjuvant and boosted with cell-free SIVsmB7 mixed with SAF-M adjuvant followed by secondary boosting with cell-free SIVsmB7 conjugated to microbeads. Animals were challenged intravenously with 20 animal infectious doses of SIVsmE660 grown in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 weeks after final boosting. All animals became infected as evidenced by quantitative virus cultivation. Sera from immunized animals contained low-titer antibodies by ELISA and low or undetectable neutralizing antibodies on the day of challenge but strong anamnestic antibody responses were observed following challenge. Interestingly, 2 of 3 animals in group A showed evidence of transient viremia and more stable CD4 counts following challenge as compared to the other immunized animals and to non-immunized controls. Thus, immunization with cell-associated SIVsmB7 did not provide sterilizing immunity against challenge with a highly pathogenic SIV strain but might have caused virus clearance later in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kraiselburd
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, USA
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12
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Kraiselburd EN. BIOLOGY OF HIV REPLICATION. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Béress A, Wassermann O, Tahhan S, Bruhn T, Béress L, Kraiselburd EN, Gonzalez LV, de Motta GE, Chavez PI. A new procedure for the isolation of anti-HIV compounds (polysaccharides and polyphenols) from the marine alga Fucus vesiculosus. J Nat Prod 1993; 56:478-88. [PMID: 7684438 DOI: 10.1021/np50094a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HIV-active polysaccharides and polyphenols were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by hot H2O extraction of both the intact and the homogenized algae. This was followed by XAD2 chromatography and by sequential precipitation of the non-adsorbed compounds with glacial HOAc and thereafter with EtOH. The precipitate was solubilized, dialyzed against distilled H2O, and chromatographed on SP-Sephadex C25 and on QAE-Sephadex A25. This was followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and Sephadex G100 and finally by hplc on a Shodex Ionpak S-804 column. For comparison, the commercial product fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, was also further purified by the chromatographic techniques mentioned above. The isolated freeze-dried fractions obtained by these procedures were tested for inhibition of both HIV-induced syncytium formation and HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme activity. Some of these fractions inhibited both of these activities at concentrations that were not cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Béress
- Institute of Toxicology, Christian Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Llano AM, Amieiro‐Puig JP, Kraiselburd EN, Kessler MJ, Málaga CA, Lavergne JA. The combined assessment of cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial function and proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen has prognostic value in SIV infection. J Med Primatol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1993.tb00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Llano
- Department of BiologyHumacao CampusUniversity of Puerto Rico
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del Llano AM, Amieiro-Puig JP, Kraiselburd EN, Kessler MJ, Málaga CA, Lavergne JA. The combined assessment of cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial function and proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen has prognostic value in SIV infection. J Med Primatol 1993; 22:147-53. [PMID: 8411106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Using the assessment of the mitochondrial metabolic activity of freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells, the flow cytometric detection of apoptosis and of the proliferative responses to PWM, SIV-infected macaques were classified in: stage 0, which included all animals with unaffected parameters, and stages 1, 2, and 3, which included animals having one, two, or all three parameters affected, respectively. This novel three-parametric staging system (ISS) provides a new prognostic tool in the longitudinal study of SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M del Llano
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936-5067
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Kraiselburd EN, Williams DC, Kessler MJ. In vitro HIV infection of primate lymphocytes. P R Health Sci J 1990; 9:161-4. [PMID: 1706529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from four different primate species were tested for their respective ability to support the "in vitro" replication of the human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1, and HIV-2. PBMC of Cebus apella, patas (Erythrocebus patas), green (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected "in vitro" with either HIV-1 or HIV-2. Cultures were assayed weekly for particle-associated reverse transcriptase activity. Both viruses were found to be cytolytic for all these monkey's PBMC. Low levels of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection were observed in Cebus cells. However, productive infection was only detected in HIV-2 infected rhesus PBMC. The capacity of HIV-2 to replicate in rhesus cells may provide a useful model for evaluating antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kraiselburd
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic genital infection with herpes simplex virus in women attending a venereal disease clinic in Puerto Rico. Genital samples were obtained from 123 consecutively enrolled patients. Vero cells were used for viral isolation; isolates demonstrating cytopathic effect were stored at -70 C and were typed by use of monoclonal antibodies. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from six patients, three of whom were free of any possible complaint that might be associated with a genital herpes virus infection. One patient was diagnosed as having herpetic cervicitis, and the remaining two were clinically diagnosed as well as laboratory confirmed cases of genital herpes. Virus isolated from all six women was identified as herpes simplex virus type 2. Thus the prevalence of laboratory confirmed genital herpes infection in women attending this clinic was 4.9% (6/123). Inapparent virus infection was detected in 2.5% (3/120) of the patients.
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Kraiselburd EN, Lavergne JA, Woodall JP, Kessler MJ, Meier G, Chiriboga J, Moore CG, Sather GE, Pomales A, Maldonado E, Rivera R. Lack of greater seroconversion of rhesus monkeys after subcutaneous inoculation of dengue type 2 live-virus vaccine combined with infection-enhancing antibodies. Infect Immun 1981; 33:389-94. [PMID: 7024129 PMCID: PMC350710 DOI: 10.1128/iai.33.2.389-394.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Four groups of six nonimmune male rhesus monkeys were inoculated subcutaneously with formulations of dengue type 2 vaccine virus DEN-2/S-1. Group A received 1.9 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of vaccine in normal human serum albumin diluent. Group B received the same dose combined with a dengue type 2-immune human serum diluted 1:1,600, beyond its neutralization endpoint of 1:300, but having an immune enhancement titer of 250,000. Groups C and D received 10-fold dilutions of these respective formulations. No migration-inhibitory factor was found when peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes obtained on day 68 post-immunization from monkeys of all experimental groups were tested. No viremia was detected in any of the monkeys when sera taken on postvaccination days 1 through 12 were inoculated into adult Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes and LLC-MK2 cells. By day 89, four of the six monkeys had seroconverted by the neutralization test in each of groups A, B, and C, and three of five monkeys in group D (one monkey died from cardiac collapse after anesthesia) had seroconverted. Immune enhancement of dengue virus infection is known to occur in humans and monkeys circulating heterologous flavivirus antibodies. In this study, there was no enhancing effect when antibody was mixed with dengue type 2 vaccine virus and injected subcutaneously.
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